D2S1 Kawasaki Presentation

8/6/2019 D2S1 Kawasaki Presentation

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The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee theaccuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts noresponsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology usedmay not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.



Water Governance & Law In case of Japan

3 July, 2009

A Regional Consultation Workshop on Improving Water Governance

Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy

National University of Singapore

Tadashige Kawasaki Asian development Bank Institute



I. Experience of Japan i Integrated Water Resources Management Process ii Water Resources Management (WRM) by law

iii Many measures to implement WRM

II. Implementation of Law

III. New Challenges

Contents



What’s the Asian Development Bank Institute ? [ Outline ]

•Established in December 1997•A subsidiary of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)•55 staffs from 16 countries

[ Purpose ] •Identification of effective development strategies•Improvement of capacity for sound development management

htt ://www.adbi.or



Relationship ADBI and Water

Ownership is the basis of network activity

• Network of Asian River Basin Organization was initiatedby Asian Development Bank (ADB), ADB Institute (ADBI) andJapan Water Agency (JWA).

• Formally announced by signing the LOI on March 21, 2003,during the 3rd World Water Forum at Kyoto-Shiga, Japan.

• Established on February 24-26, 2004 in Malang, Indonesia

Letter of Intent for NARBO 1 st NARBO General Meeting in 2004



Goal

To help to achieve

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in river basins throughout Asia.

Objective To strengthen the capacity and effectiveness of RBOs

in promoting IWRM and improving water governance ,

through training & exchange of information and experiences among RBOs and their water sector agencies & knowledge partner organizations .

Goal and Objective of NARBO



IWRM Guidelines http://www.unesco.org/water/news/newsletter/214.shtml

http://www.narbo.jp/

Source: IWRM Guidelines by UNESCO



IWRMProcess

Impacts(Social,Environmental,etc.)

1.Recognizing &identifying

2. Conceptualizing 3. Coordinating &planning

4. Implementing,monitoring & evaluating


Progress of IWRM

ep ua zn

.

o .onidentifyin

. c

.


IWRM Process



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

20

4060

80

100

120

140

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-2

0

24

6

810

12

14Pop. (Million)

GDP (Trillion YEN)

Population

GDP

4 Periods according to the change of Economic Condition

(1) (2) (3) (4)DGP growth rate (%)



(1) The Postwar Reconstruction Period (1945 – 1960)

Source: Prof. Tuneaki Yoshida, University of Tokyo

Source: MLIT

1. Land Improvement Law (1947)2. Comprehensive National Development Law (1950)3. Electric Power Development Promotion Law (1952)4. Waterworks Law (1957)

5. Specified Multipurpose Dam Law (1957)6. Industrial Water Supply Business Law (1958)

Flood caused by typhoon (1947)

Source: MLIT



IWRMProcess


Progress of IWRM

The Postwar Reconstruction Period (1945 – 1960)



Source; Yokkaichi-city

(2) High-Level Economic Growth Period (1960 - 1973)

Source; Japan Olympic Association

Tokyo Olympic (1964)Yokkaichi Air Pollution

Source; Tokyo-Metropolitan Water BureauSource; MLIT, Government of Japan

River Pollution of Tama river Drinking water delivery in drought



Promotion of water resource development1. Water Resources Development Promotion Law (1961)2. Water Resources Public Corporation Law (1961)3. Revision of River Law (1964)

Measures to prevent ground subsidence4. Industrial Water Law (1956)

5. Building Water Law (1962)Measures to preserve water quality

6. Water Quality Conservation Law7. Factory Effluent Control Law (1958)8. Water Pollution Control Law (1970)9. Revision of Sewerage Law (1970)

10. Basic Law for Environmental Pollution (1967) Revised in 1970

(2) High-Level Economic Growth Period (1960 - 1973)



IWRM

Process


Progress of IWRM

High-Level Economic Growth Period (1960 - 1973)



Drought in Fukuoka, 1978

Source; Fukuoka City Water Bureau

(3) Period of Stable Growth and the "Bubble" Economy(1973 - 1990)

Source; Japan Water AgencySource; Foundation of River & Watershed

Source; Takamatsu City Water Bureau



Need for a nationwide water demand and supply plan, basedon a comprehensive, long-term perspective1. Long-Term Water Demand and Supply Plan (1978)2. Water Demand in the 21st Century (1982)3. National Comprehensive Plan for Water Resources

(1987) (Water Plan 2000)

Efficient implementation for water resource developmentsuch as dam construction1. Special Measures Act for Reservoir Area (1973)

Measures to deal with frequent water shortagesTakamatsu Desert" (1973), Fukuoka Drought (1978),

National Winter Drought (1984), Western Japan Winter Drought (1986), Tokyo Metropolitan Winter Drought (1987)

(3) Period of Stable Growth and the "Bubble" Economy(1973 - 1990)



IWRMProcess


Progress of IWRM

Period of Stable Growth and the "Bubble" Economy (1973 - 1990)

17



Source; Yakushima Town Office

(5) Period of the “bubble economy” in the early 1990sto the present

Source; The Sankei Shimbun

f



Consideration for environment and process1. Basic Environment Law (1993)2. Environment Impact Assessment Law (1997)3. Revision of the River Law (1997)

New efforts to secure water resources- Optimization of facility management- Diversion of water use rights to different applications- Reuse of reclaimed water and other

Need for comprehensive efforts1. New National Comprehensive Plan for Water Resources2. Government Offices Conference on the Establishment of a Robust

Hydrological Cycle (1999)3. Law for the Focused Planning of Social Infrastructure

Improvement (2003)4. Revision of “Comprehensive National Land Development Law”

“National Land Sustainable Plan Law” (2005)

(5) Period of the “bubble economy” in the early 1990sto the present



1,100

1,2001,3001,400

1,5001,6001,700

1,8001,9002,000

2,100

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

( mm )

1,100

1,2001,3001,400

1,5001,6001,700

1,8001,9002,000

2,100

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

( mm )

Annual Precipitation

Average rainfall trend Variability

Climate Change in Japan

Source: MLIT

(6) Future



IWRMProcess






Progress of IWRM

ep ua zn

.

o .onidentifyin

. c

.

Progress of Water Governance


=



ii Water Resources Management by law

Water Resources Development Promotion Law (1961)

Water Resources Public Corporation Law (1961)

For:Promotion of water resource development to meet therapid increase of water demand

Basic Plan for Water Resource Development(“Full Plan” ) for focused river basin



iii Many measures to implement WRM

¾ Fixed assets tax¾ Grant for Power supply region¾ Grant for Water resources region

Municipality can develop and maintain their facilities and

welfare for resident.

Sustainable support system

by Law

Source: MLIT, Government of Japan & Kiyokawa Village

Miyagase-Dam



II Implementation of Law

Water right for hydropower was cancelled because illegal intake was done for 20 years.The point is that electricity which is generated by this hydropower plant is used for train

system at Tokyo metropolitan area.

¾ Necessity of management against illegal action by law.¾ Accountability of the authorized river manager.

Source: MLIT, Government of Japan

Miyasato-Dam

Source: Wikipedia



II Implementation of Law

The article of 53 rd of River LawCoordination mechanism in case of drought River

Administrator

W a t er U s er I

W a t er U

s er I I

Consult

Respect

Information Coordination

Coordination Committee of drought

Amount of intake is discussed and decided there.

Source: MLIT, Government of Japan



III New Challenges

Irrigation canal

Source: MOE, Government of Japan

Before

After Urban Area

Paddy field Area

Maintenance of this canal is done by collaboration

with local government, farmers association, regional community and volunteer.Rokugo/Nanago-Bori

Water Right for Environment



IWRMProcess






Progress of Water Governance

ep ua zn

.

o .onidentifyin

. c

.




Source: Koich prefecture

Source: Wikipedia Shimanto-river

We lost many things such as “ Intact river ” .



Thank you very much for

your kind attention.

More Information

[email protected]

http;//www.adbi.orghttp;//www.narbo.jp

D2S1 Kawasaki Presentation

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