Trabajo de Ascenso

8/21/2019 Trabajo de Ascenso

1/252


2/252


3/252


4/252


5/252


6/252


7/252


8/252

RA

(Q0) Q0 = 0,72 Qo< 0,72

Q0> 0,72

w < w

QA


9/252


10/252


11/252


12/252


13/252


14/252


15/252


16/252

(Q)

(RA)

(XA)

| Z| () (RA) (XA) (GA) (BA)


17/252

(V

(I)

Rdc =V

I

Rdc

V

I

(Z)

Z=R+jX

Z

R

X

(XL = L)

(XC= 1/C)


18/252

(rad/s)

L

C

Re Rac

R X

X

(Y)

G

B

G

B

R

X

Y = 1

Z =G +jB =

R

(R2 +X2)j X

(R2 + X2)

G B

Z= |Z| ej

Z=R+jX= |Z| ej = |Z| cos() +j |Z| sen()

|Z| = (R2 + X2)1/2 = arctan

XR

Y

Y =G +jB = |Y| ej = |Y| cos() +j |Y| sen()


19/252

|Y| = (G2 +B2)1/2 = arctan

BG

(Q

(D Q

D

Q= 1

D =

X

R =

B

G

R X

R L C

Z=R

Z=jL

Z= j(1/C)


20/252

(R) (X)

RS CS)

Z=R+jX=RS

j

CS

Q= 1

D =

X

R =

1

CSRS


21/252

Y = 1

Z =G +jB =

1

RP+jCP

RS jCS

= 11

RP+jCP

RS j

CS

1

RP+jCP

= 1

RSRP

+CPCS

jCSRP

+jCPRS= 1

RSRP

+CPCS

= 1

CPRP = 1

CSRS

Q

CP RP

CP = (RP RS) CSRP

RP = 1

CsRSCP=

1

CPD

CP =

1

CPDP RS

1

CPD

CS=

1CPDRS

CPD

1

CPD

CS=CSRSCSCPD= CSCPD2


22/252

CP = CS

(1 +D2)

RP = 1

CPD=

1 +D2

CSD RS

RS=

1 +D2

D

1

CRS

RS=

1 +D2

RS

Cs = (1 + D2) CP RS=

RP(1+Q2) D=

1Q =wRSCS

CP =CS/ (1 +D2) RP =RS(1 +Q

2) D= 1Q

= 1/wRPCP

I

V


23/252

LS=LP/ (1 +D2) RS=

RP(1+Q2) Q=

1D =wLS/RS

LP= (1 + D2) LS RP =RS(1 +Q

2) Q= 1D

=RP/wLP

V =I R

|V| cos (t) =R |I| cos (t)


24/252

20Hz20KHz

J = E

A= r2 r

Rcc= Rg = L

A=

L

r2

Rcc

Rg

L

A

B

J


25/252

A= 2r

r

= 1

f

f

r


26/252

Rac = Rcc= L

A

Rac

Rcc

L

A

r A = r2)

Rac RccRcc


27/252

Rac = L

A=

L

2r

Rac= L

f

2r =

L

2r

f

(Rcc)

(Rac)

Rac= Rccr

2

r

(

16/f 6, 6/

f

50, 3/

f 8, 1/

f

33, 5/

f 33, 4/

f


28/252

L

(L)

(R) (R L)

Z=R+jL


29/252

Cd

C1 C2

C1 C2

C12 = (C1 C2) / (C1+C2) C12 Cd

C


30/252

Z= 11R

+ jC =

R

1 + (RC)2j CR

2

1 + (RC)2


31/252

R

L C

L C

L C

ZA = RA+jXA

RA

XA


32/252

L

ZA = R+ jL

tg1 LR V

I

C

RA= R

1 + (CR)2

XA= CR2

1 + (CR)2

ZA= |Z| ej

= tg1 (RC)

V I (RA)


33/252

R

Rac

YA=

1

ZA =

1

R+jL+ jwC=

R

R2 + (L)2 +j C LR2 + (L)2

C= L

R2 + (L)2 =

L

R2 1 + LR

2

R=

LC

1 +

LC

2

L/R

(L

/R 1) (L/R)2

R=

L

C


34/252

YA= R

R2

1 +

LR

2 1R = ZA= R

(L/R 1)

YA= 1

R+ j

C L

R2

ZA= 1

YA

= 1

1

R + j(C L

R2

)

= R

1 +2 LRCR2 +j

(L CR2)

1 +2 LRCR2

2

LRCR2 = LR 2 22LC+ (CR)22


35/252

ZA= R+j

L CR2

L C L/R2

C L CR2


36/252

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

a) Resistencia en Condicin de Compensacin.

Frecuencia en Hz

RA

(Ohm)

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

b) Resistencia con Efecto Capacitivo.

Frecuencia en Hz

RA

(Ohm)

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

0

20

40

60

80

100

c) Resistencia con Efecto Inductivo .

Frecuencia en Hz

RA

(Ohm)

R = LC

R >

LC

R < LC

RL

RC


37/252

L R

ZA=(R+jL)

1jc

R+j

L 1C

= R(1 2LC)2 + (CR)2 +j

[L (1 2LC) CR2](1 2LC)2 + (CR)2

RLC

XL = XC=0L= 1

0C

0= 1

LC

ZA= R

1

0

22+ (CR)2

+j

L

1

0

2 CR2

1

0

22+ (CR)2


38/252

ZA= R

1

0

22+ 1

Q20

0

2 +j

L

1

0

2 CR2

1

0

22+ 1

Q20

0

2

Q0

Q0=0L

R

Q0 Q0 =

0, 72

3x104rad/s Q0 < 0, 72

104

rad/s

Q0 > 0, 72 RA/R

(CR)

ZA= R

1

0

22 +j

L

1

0

2 CR2

1

0

22


39/252

100

101

102

103

104

105

0

200

400

600a) Qo=0.72.

Frecuencia en rad/s

RA

(Ohm)

100

101

102

103

104

105

0

200

400

600b) Qo=0.5.

Frecuencia en rad/s

RA

(Ohm)

100

101

102

103

104

105

0

200

400

600

800c) Qo=1 .

Frecuencia en rad/s

RA

(Ohm)

RA (Q0) Q0= 0,72 Qo < 0,72 Q0 > 0,72

RA= R

1 0

2

2

XA=

L

1

0

2 CR2

1

0

22


40/252

(V) (I)

V =jLI Z=jL

L

Cd

C1 C2

(Cd)


41/252

R (R= l/A)

V =Vr+Vl = ZI= (R+jL) I

Vr

Vl

P = |I|2 (R+jL)

L R I V

Vl V

(m)

() () = j = || ejm


42/252

(M) (

z)

(H)

M= zH

z= j M=

+j

H

(H) (M)

H=NI

l

M= V

N A

N

l

A

V

NA=

+j

H

V =N2A

l

+j

I

R= N2Al

L= N2Al


43/252

R

Q

Q= L/R

(Zi)

Zi = R+jL


44/252

Qi

Qi= L/R

Zi

ZA=Zi ZCZi+ ZC

=(R+jL)

1

jC

R+j

L 1C

ZA=

LCj RC

Rj L 1C

R2 +

L 1C2

ZA= R

R22C2 + (2LC 1)2 +jL

1 2LC

1 + R2

2L2

R22C2 + (2LC 1)2

R2

2L2 Q2i

ZA= R

R22C2 + (w2LC 1)2 +jL 1 2LC1 + 1Q2i

R22C2 + (2LC 1)2


45/252

1 2LC

1 + 1

Q2i

= 0

0 = 1

LC

1 + 1Q2i

Qi > 10

0= 1

LC

LC (1/0)2

(R2C22) 1Q2i

0

4

Qi > 10

ZA=

R

1Q2i

0

4+

1 022 +jL1

0

2

1Q2i

0

4+

1 022

0


46/252

0 ( 0) 02 1

ZA= R+jL = RA+jLA

R Rac)

0 ( < 0)

0

2

1Q2i

0

4

ZA= R

1 022+jL

1

1 02=RA+jLA

w < w

RA= R

1

0

22


47/252

LA= L

1

0

2

RA

R

Rac)

0 ( 0)

0= 0

Qi

ZA= R Q2i

LA= 0

0 ( > 0)

ZA= RA jXA

0

( < 0)

( > 0)

0 f0

1MHz


48/252

40MHz 10MHz

0

QA

0

QA=XARA

= LR


49/252

0.98 0.985 0.99 0.995 1 1.005 1.01 1.015 1.020

2

4

6

8

10

x 105

W/W0

R

A

(Ohms)

Resistencia aparente del inductor en funcin de la frecuencia.

0.98 0.985 0.99 0.995 1 1.005 1.01 1.015 1.026

4

2

0

2

4

6x 10

5

W/W0

XA

(Ohms)

Reactancia aparente del inductor en funcin de la frecuencia.

< 0 QA

QA=XARA

=LA

RA=

L

R

1

0

2

0

= 0


50/252

QA 200

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

50

100

150

200

250

Factor de Calidad vs. Frecuencia

w/w0

QA

QA

V =ZI


51/252

Z= 1

jC

C

C=A

d

A

d

(G) G= 1/R

(V) (I)

I=V (G +jC)


52/252

G C

J

E

J=E+jE

E=V

d

d

(I)

J

I= J.ds

= j =|| ej

I=J A= [+j ( j)] (V A/d) = [(+ ) +j] (V A/d)

(Y)

Y =I /V = (+ ) (A/d) +j (A/d)


53/252

C=A

d

G= (+ ) A

d

D= 1

Q=

C

G =

(+ )

D=

Tan=

D


54/252

L,


55/252

ZA= (Rc+r) +j

L 1

C

L

1/C

L = 1

C

0= 1

LC


56/252

0

ZA= RA jXA== RA j 1CA

= (Rc+ r)j

1

C

1

0

2

0 (/0)2

ZA= (Rc+ r)j

1

C

< 0 (/0)2

ZA= (Rc+ r)j

1

C

1

0

2=RA j

1

CA

CA= C

1 02 CA

0

= 0


57/252

ZA= (Rc+r)

> 0

(DA)

DA= RAXA

= (Rc+r) CA

CA

DA= RcCA+ rCA

Dp = rC=C

G =

(+ )


58/252

D= rCA=CA

G =

(+)

1 02

DA= RcCA+ DpCAC

RcCA

RC= L

2r

f

=k1

f

k1

DA= k1

f C

1

0

2 + (+)

1

0

2 = k3/2C1

0

2+ (+)

1

0

2

< 0

DA= k3/2C+

(+ )


59/252

k C

1F

0,05 50nH

0,02

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 25

4

3

2

1

0

1

REACTANCIA

APARENTE

(XA)

W/W0

VARIACION DE XA

1F 0,05

50nH 0,02


60/252

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 28

6

4

2

0

2

4

6

8

CAPACITANCIA

APARENTE(CA)uF

W/W0

VARIACION DE CA

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 25

4

3

2

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

FACTOR

DEPRDIDA

(DA)

W/W0

VARIACION DE DA


61/252


62/252


63/252

Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4


64/252

EBA = EBC o I1Z1= I2Z2

I1= E

Z1+ Z3

I2= E

Z2+ Z4

Z1Z4= Z2Z3

Y1Y4= Y2Y3


65/252

Z= Zej

Z1ej1Z4e

j4 =Z2ej2Z3e

j3

Z1Z4ej(1+4) =Z2Z3e

j(2+3)

Z1Z4= Z2Z3

1+ 4= 2+ 3


66/252

Zx = Z2Z3Y1

Y1


67/252

Z2 = R2; Z3 = R3 y Y1 = 1

R1+jC1

Zx= Rx+jLx = R2R3

1

R1+jC1

Rx=R2R3

R1

Lx= R2R3C1

R1

Rx

Lx R3


68/252

R1

R1

R3

R1 C1

R3

R1

R3

R1 C1

R1

Z1 = R1 jC1 ; Z2= R2; Z3= R3; Zx = Rx+jLx


69/252

R1 j

C1 (Rx+jLx) =R2R3

R1Rx+ LxC1 jRx

C1+jLxR1 = R2R3

R1Rx+LxC1

=R2R3

RxC1

=LxR1

Lx Rx

Rx=2C21R1R2R3

1 +2C21R21

Lx= R2R3C11 +2C21R

21

tan L =XL

R =

LxRx

=Q


70/252

tan C=XC

R =

1

C1R1

tan L = tan C o Q= 1C1R1

(1 +2C21R21)

Lx

Lx= R2R3C1

1 +

1Q

2 (1/Q)2 1/100

Lx= R2R3C1

(1/Q)2


71/252

R2

Z1 = j

C1 ; Z2 = R2; Z3= R3 j

C3 ; Zx= Rx+jLx

j

C1

(Rx+jLx) =R2

R3 j

C3

LxC1

jRxC1

=R2R3

jR2C3

LxC1

=R2R3


72/252

RxC1

= R2C3

Lx

Rx

Rx=C1R2

C3

Lx= R2R3C1


73/252

C1 R1

R1

Zx = Z2Z3Y1

Rx jCx

=R2

jC3

1

R1+jC1

Rx jCx

=R2C1

C3 jR2

C3R1


74/252

Rx= R2C1C3

Cx= C3R1R2

C1 R2

P F =Rx/Zx

P F RxXx

=CxRx

D= R

xXx =C

xRx

Q = XL/RL

D= 1/Q

Cx Rx

D= R1C1

R1

C1

C1


75/252

C1

Z1 = R1j/C1 Y3 = 1/R3 +jC3

R2 =

R1 j

C1

R4

1

R3+jC3

R2=R1R4

R3+jC3R1R4

jR4

C1R3+

R4C3

C1

R2=R1R4

R3+

R4C3C1


76/252

R2R4

=R1R3

+C3C1

C3R1R4= R4C1R3

C3 =C1

R2R4

1 +2R21C21

R3 =

R4(1 +2R21C

21)

2R1R2C21

= 2f

f= 1

2

C1C3R1R3

R2/R4

R1 = R3 C1 = C3 R2/R4 = 2

f= 1

2RC

C1 C3 R1 R3

R2 = 2R4,


77/252

(D)

(0,001< D


78/252

R4=R2R3

R1

C4=R1C3

R2

R2

C3 R1 R3

(D)

D

R3

D= C3R3

Z1= R1Z2= R2

Y3= 1R3

+jC3 = 1Z3

Y4= 1R4

+jC4 = 1Z4

Z3 Z4 Y3 Y4

Z2Y4= Z1Y3

R2

1

R4+jC4

=R1

1

R3+jC3


79/252

R4=R2R3

R1

C4= C3R1R2

D= 1

C3R3

R2

C3 R1 R3

10pF


80/252

500pF

Q >10

L = 1/C

(f)

V =Ex= VS

L

R

=VSQ

(LS= 1/CS)

Q= Ls/Rs

LS :

RS :

:


81/252

(LP = 1/CP)

Q= Rp/Lp

LP :

RP :

L = 1C

f= 1

2

LxCi

Lx :

Ci :

f Ci Lx

Lx = 1

(2f)2 Ci

Q=|Ex||Vs| =

LxRx


82/252

Z1= R1 jC1 +jL1

Z2 = R2

Z3 = R3

Z4 = R4

L1 R1

L1 = 1

2C1

R1=R2R3

R4


83/252

CS

CS=CS1

LS= 1/CS1

RS=LS

Q1=

1

CS1Q1

CS1:

LS :

RS

Q1


84/252

(CS=CS2)

RX= 1

CS2Q2 1

CS1Q1

XX= 1

CS2 1

CS1

Q2

(CP)


85/252

LP = 1

CP1

RP = Q1CP1

CP1:

LP :

RP

Q1

(CP =CP2)


86/252

1

RPX=CP1

1

Q2 1

Q1

BPX= (CP1 CP2)

BPX CPX

1/LPX.


87/252

Cx= CSRbRa

Rx= Rc RaRb

D= CsRc

Cx Rx

D= 1

CsRc


88/252

Lx= CsRaRb

Rx=RaRb

Rc

Q= CsRc

Lx Rx

Q

Q= 1

CsRc

0, 1 %


89/252

C4 C2

RX LX CX


90/252


91/252


92/252

(1< Q


93/252


94/252


95/252

1, 000000 1000, 000V

0, 005% 0, 5 %

105 109

1V 1V

10M 10G

40pF

10n

412

812

0 1 0 9


96/252

0V

0V

0V


97/252


98/252

10M

100mV 1000V

100 10V


99/252


100/252

T1

tr

Vent

Vref/R C

tr R C

Qcarga= Qdescarga

iT1C

= itr

C

VentR

T1=Vref

R tr


101/252

Vent = VreftrT1


102/252

1

0


103/252

1 50s


104/252


105/252

6KV

10s

10M

75pF 100pF

10M

100m 300M


106/252


107/252


108/252

Rx=E

I


109/252

V0 R0

Rx = E

V0 R0


110/252

Rr

Zx

Er = IrRr Ex = IxZx

Zx= Rr ExEr

Er Ex


111/252


112/252

23

C

b) c)


113/252


114/252

50


115/252

50mV

2V

50mV 40V

20A

VX VR

VX VR

IX IR

Gx Y x


116/252


117/252

Ef EX


118/252

,


119/252

0, 8 % Q


120/252


121/252

50


122/252


123/252

f= 1

2

LC

L

C

f


124/252


125/252

|H(w)| = V1V0

=1

3

f0= 1

2RC


126/252

R1 R2

V2/V0 V1/V0

(V1 V2)V0

V1 V2

R2


127/252


128/252

Cs 20000 R

Z(jw) = 1

jCp+ 1

jL+1/jCs

s p

s= 1LCs

p = 1

LCsCp/(Cs+Cp)

p > s Cp >> Cs


129/252

s

p

o


130/252


131/252

50

C

C


132/252

I

C

C

I

fosc= 1

2T =

i

2C(Vi Vi)

fosc

T

i

C

Vi

Vi


133/252


134/252


135/252


136/252

T

f

tr

tf


137/252

fs

fr

fr

fs


138/252


139/252

N = 10

M= 7


140/252

fs=M

Nfr

M N

resolucion=frN


141/252


142/252

= 2fst

fs

t

t= iTr

Tr

i


143/252


144/252


145/252


146/252


147/252


148/252


149/252


150/252

Circuitos de

control TRC

Amplificador/

atenuador

vertical

SISTEMA VERTICAL

SISTEMA HORIZONTAL

Generador

de base

de tiemposHaz de

electrones PANTALLA

FOSFORESCENTE


151/252


152/252


153/252


154/252


155/252


156/252

A

100MHz

1, 5 % 3 %

1000 K 2000


157/252

Vdef=A.K.Vent

Vdef

A

K

Vent


158/252


159/252

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)


160/252

SINCRONISMO

GENERADOR

BASE DE

TIEMPOS

AMPLIFICADORHORIZONTAL

Fuente de

sincronismo

Nivel de

disparo

Pendiente

de disparo

(SOURCE)

(LEVEL)

(SLOPE)

Barrido

normal

Discreto

Continuo (CAL)

Desplazamiento

horizontal del haz

P.D.H.

Modo de

Disparo


161/252

ac

interno externo

Sincronismointerno

Sinc.

Ext

Sincronismo

de linea

Entrada

60 Hz BASE DE TIEMPO

Atenuador Amplificador

Vertical

Generador

de

disparo

Generador

de Rampa

Amplificador

horizontal

atenuador

Amplificador

de Compuerta


162/252

Encendido

Apagado

Nivel: m

pendiente positiva

TT

Eje z


163/252

Al Amp.

horizontal

Free-run Al eje Z

Int

Ext.

l nea

Barrido

simple

3

6

5

2

7

41

Generador

de disparo

Generador

de

compuerta

Circuito de

reset

Integrador

de Miller

1

2

5

7

6

T

3

4

+m


164/252


165/252


166/252


167/252


168/252


169/252


170/252


171/252


172/252


173/252


174/252


175/252

3V

50


176/252


177/252

a)

b)

c)


178/252

1


179/252

1M

10pF

30pF


180/252

Puente de

muestreo

Amplificador

1M


181/252

Vi

Vent

Vent= ViZent

Zent+Z

Zent

RentCe

Z

Vent= ViRent

Rent+R1+j2

fRentCe

1+j2

fRC

Ce= Cent+ Cc


182/252

Cent

Cc

RentCe= RC

Vent = ViRent

Rent+R

1M

9M

Base de la puntade prueba

Terminalde tierra

Terminal de la punta Tip

Cable aislado debaja capacitancia

10 pF

5-30pF

Entradaequivalente

al osciloscopio

+Vent+Vi

Ce Rent

40 pF


183/252


184/252

10M 2 3,5pF

1M

50


185/252


186/252

f(t)

f(t) =A0+ 2

n=1

[Ancos(n0t) +Bnsen(n0t)]

n

0 :

A0 f(t)

An Bn

An= 1

T

T/2T/2

f(t) cos(n0t)dt


187/252

Bn= 1

T

T/2T/2

f(t) sen(n0t)dt

T

1V

f(t) = 2

n=1

Bnsen(n2

T t)

An= 0

Bn= 2n

Bn= 0


188/252

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 32

1

0

1

2a) Onda Cuadrada

tiempo

amplitud

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 32

1

0

1

2b) Onda fundamental

tiempo

amplitud

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 32

1

0

1

2c) Suma de la fundamental y 3er armnico

tiempo

amplitud

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 32

1

0

1

2d) Suma de la f undamental, 3er y 5to armnico

tiempo

amplitud

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 32

1

0

1

2e) Suma de la fundamental, 3er, 5to y 7mo armnico

tiempo

amplitud

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 32

1

0

1

2f) Suma de la fundamental, 3er, 5to, 7mo y 9no armnico

tiempo

amplitud

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 22

1.5

1

0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2a) Dominio Temporal

tiempo

a

mplitud

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

0.5

1

1.5

2b) Dominio Espectral

Frecuencia en Hz

Amplitud


189/252

distorsion=

n=2 A2n

A1

A1 :

An:


190/252


191/252


192/252

0

10dBm

vRF(t) (vOL(t))


193/252

vRF(t) =V cos(2fRFt)

vOL(t) =cos(2fOLt)

vRF(t) vOL(t) =V cos(2fRFt) cos(2fOLt)

vRF(t) vOL(t) =V

2 [cos[2(fOL+ fRF)t] +cos[2(fOL fRF)t]]

fIF =fOL fRF


194/252

3dB 60dB

Selectividad= BW3dBBW60dB


195/252

BW

60dB

50dB

10kHz

BW60dB

BW60dB


196/252


197/252


198/252

RBW = 3KHz


199/252


200/252

tiempo barrido span(RBW)2


201/252


202/252


203/252


204/252


205/252

0dB

cambio nivel ruido= 10log(RBW2RBW1)

RBW1

RBW2


206/252


207/252


208/252


209/252


210/252


211/252


212/252


213/252

f1

Cp

Cp

Cp = 0 Rp


214/252


215/252


216/252


217/252


218/252


219/252

R C L Z Q D V x Ix


220/252

R C L Z Q D V x Ix

(f0)

R C

L RA XAf1< f0

f2< f0

f0

f3> f0

f4> f0


221/252


222/252


223/252


224/252


225/252


226/252


227/252


228/252


229/252


230/252


231/252


232/252


233/252


234/252


235/252


236/252


237/252


238/252


239/252


240/252


241/252


242/252

dB dBm

dBmV dBV.


243/252


244/252


245/252


246/252


247/252


248/252


249/252


250/252


251/252


252/252

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