ISC. Meztli Valeriano Orozco

DIPLOMADO DE INGLES

NIVEL III

UNIDAD I

PAST TENSE

● En inglés para hablar en pasado empleamos dos tipos de verbos:

● Verbos regulares● Verbos irregulares

Verbos Regulares● Son los verbos acabados en "ed", por ejemplo:

I worked -> Yo trabajé

I studied -> Yo estudié

● Para formarlos bastará con agregar la terminación “ed” al infinitivo del verbo

Ejemplos:

● Work -> Worked● Play -> Played● Finish -> Finished● Plan -> Planned● Fit -> Fitted● Call -> Called● Quit -> Quitted

Regla # 1

● Si el verbo es de una sola sílaba y tiene la forma CVC (Consonante, Vocal, Consonante) tendrás que repetir la última consonante antes de añadir la terminación “ed”.

● Fit -> Fitted● Drop -> Dropped

Regla # 2

● Si el verbo termina con “y” y se encuentra precedido de una consonante, la letra “y” tendrá que ser sustituida por la letra “i”, para despues añadir la terminación “ed”.

● Cry -> Cried● Study -> Studied● Fly -> Flied

Regla # 3

● Si el verbo termina en “e”, solo tendrás que añadir la letra “d”.

● Dance -> Danced● Bake -> Baked● Complete -> Completed● Measure -> Measured

Ejercicio # 1

● Forma el pasado de los siguientes verbos:

Attack (atacar) Spell (deletrear)

Behave (comportarse) Live (vivir)

Ask (preguntar) Open (abrir)

Cough (toser)

Borrow (pedir prestado)

Verbos Irregulares

● Son los verbos que hay que aprenderse de memoria, ya que no siguen una regla específica para su conjugación en tiempos infinitivo/pasado/pasado participio. Por ejemplo:

"do" hacer

You did it -> Tú lo hiciste

Estructura del Pasado Simple

+ Verbo en Pasado + C

Ana cried for his boyfriend

They studied for the quiz

¿Cuando usamos el Tiempo Pasado?

● We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.

Podemos usarlo para hablar acerca de un punto específico en el tiempo.

● She came back last Friday.● I saw her in the street.● We danced with Mariana and Nicole.

● It can also be used to talk about a period of time.

● She lived in Tokyo for seven years.● They traveled to London last week..

● Yesterday● three weeks ago● last year● in 2002● from March to June

Encontrarás que el pasado simple emplea “time expressions” como estas:

● for a long time● for 6 weeks● in the 1980s● in the last century● in the past

Negando en Pasado

+ did not / didn't + verbo en + C.

Infinitivo

● Willfred didn't eat pasta for 5 weeks● Luis and Paco didn't leave the band.● We didn't sleep since the attack.

Recuerda

● Para negar y preguntar en pasado se utiliza el verbo auxiliar "did" para todas las personas.

● El verbo "did" es un verbo auxiliar (no significa hacer) y, por tanto, NUNCA debe utilizarse conjuntamente con el verbo "to be".

● Por ejemplo: No se dice: "Didn't are."

Conjugando al Verbo “to be”

Presente● I am● You are● He / She / It is● We are● You are● They are

Pasado● was● were● was● were● were● were

Negando con el Verbo “To be”Normal

● I was not● You were not● He was not● She was not ● It was not● We were not● You were not● They were not

Contracted● I wasn't● You weren't● He wasn't● She wasn't● It wasn't● We weren't● You weren't● They weren't

Ejemplos:

● I was not a great basketball player.● Terry wasn't living in Monterrey.● Ana, Mary and me weren't classmates.● It wasn't windy.● They weren't a marriage two years ago.

USED TO

● Usamos la expresión 'used to' para hablar sobre algo que hacíamos regularmente en el pasado pero que no realizamos más en el presente.

● I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.

● Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.

● I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.

Estructura

+ used to + verbo + C.

infinitivo

● I used to go to the gym● Ana used to play hockey● They used to go out to dinner

Tambien lo utilizamos para hablar de algo que fue verdad pero que ya no lo es más.

● There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.

● She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.

● I didn't use to like him but now I do.

También se usa 'to be used to doing' para decir que algo es normal o usual.

● I'm used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time.

● Hans has lived in England for over a year, so he is used to driving on the left now.

● They've always lived in hot countries, so they aren't used to dealing the cold weather.

Usamos 'to get used to doing' para hablar sobre algo a lo que nos estamos acostumbrando.

● She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day.

● I have always lived in the country but now I'm beginning to get used to living in the city.

Expressions of Quantity

● Son colocadas después de los nombres y expresan que tanto ('how much' or 'how many') existe sobre algo.

● Algunas expresiones de cantidad solo son usadas con uncountables nouns y otros solo con countable nouns.

● Otras expresiones de cantidad son usadas con ambos, ya sea contable o no contable

Much – Not Countables

Se utiliza con nombres no-contables en oraciones negativas y preguntas.

● How much homework do we get?● How much money do I need?● How much milk do you want?● Is there much sugar in my tea?

Many – Countable nouns

Se usa con nombre contables en oraciones negativas y preguntas.

● How many sisters does he have?● How many pupils are in this class?● How many books do you buy?● How many cows live on this farm?

A few – Countable nouns

Se usa con nombres contables.

● There are just a few examples.● I meet a few friends● I see a few hundred pupils.● I've got few brothers.

A little - Uncontables

Usamos "a little" con nombres no-contables.

● There is little tea left.● Not a lot, only a little, please.● I've got little money.

A lot of / Lots of

Se usa tanto para nombres contables como no contables.

● There are a lot of cookies● They have got a lot of CDs.● There are a lot of things on your table.● We have got lots of money.