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Kae{i`btmkiaeb{ Tbcmpiwm{ Mc@b{mttacca Bxipa{a

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44 `b akprdtb `b 4>>0

B{pb ptmdmfa ea ~a`t {bt tb~ta`rki`a ~mtkimc a be {r papmci`m` {ie mrpativmkie b{ktipm `bc mrpat%

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Pmdcm `b Kaepbei`a

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Iepta`rkkie

Bc cbk pat `b b{pb ptmdm fa `bd b k acakmt{b k taeacjikm obepb m giemcb{ b c~m{m`a ma 4>>4% Orkhm{ `b cm{ bx~tb{iaeb{ }rb {b ~tb{bepme be bcpibo ~a wb tdm c grprta# ~rb `be ym b{k tid it{b be pibo ~a ~ m{m`a% Pmepa b cmeci{i{ `b cm {iprmkie ~btpiebepb kaoa cm{ tbkaobe`mkiaeb{ }rbgatorcmo a{ bepaek b{ {itwbe hay ~ mtm m yr`mt m k aepb{pmtea{ cm ~ tbj repm 6be }r {iprmkie {b bekrbeptm bc ~taybkpa hay1 Y# cm crv `b cmkaepb{pmkie o{ ~tadmdcb# gatorcmt rem hi~pb{i{ be patea m rem{bj re`m ~ tbj repm 6 k rc b{ hay bc b{k bem tia o{ ~tad md cb be tbcmk ie m cadfbpiwa kbeptmc `bc ~taybkpa1 B{ `bkit# ~mtm bwmcrmt cm ~tadmdici`m` `b}rb bc ~taybk pa {b ` b{mttaccb ~ cbem ob epb%

Ptm{gae`a

Kaob ekbo a{ tbk at`m e`a }rb ` b{ b ob` im` a{ b cm ` km `m `bc =9:>#{b hm k aepbo~ cm` a ` b{mttaccm t re ~ rbtpa b{~bk im civm`a b e cm vaem {rt b^rbtpa Tik a% ^mtm b{m ~ak m {b ~ta~ r{a re ~rbtpa `b jtme kmcm`a k rymoi{ie kaepbo~cmdm {btwit m ca{ erbwa{ emwa{ `b ptme{~atpb `b ~bptcbaktr`a `beaoiem`a{ {r~btpme}rbta{% Bc `b{mttacca `b b{a{ emwa{kae{pipry re io~atpmepb kmodia be cm pbkeacajm `b ptme{~atpb `bk mtjm omtpiom % Cm jtme km ~m k i`m` `b ca{ oi{oa{ ~b toipm hmk bt

bkaeoikmobepb gmkpidcb cm ptme{~atpmkie `b ktr`a m jtme`b{` i{pmek im{% Ca{ {r~btpme}rbta{# ea ad{pmepb # tb} rbtme ~rbtpa{ `b j tmek mcm`a ~m tm {r{ a~ btmk iaeb{ `b kmtjm y `b{k mtjm % Bc tib{ja }rbio~ cik mdm e {b `m dm ~a t cm`a `b cm ~a{idici`m` `b mk k i` bepb{ y `bttmo b{k ae ~ apbek imc `b ` b{m{ptb%=

^rbtpa Tika hmdm `b{mttaccm`a be cm `km`m `bc =97> re io~atpmepb{bkpat `b tbgiebtm{ y `b ie`r{ptim{ }rb {b erptme `b ~ta`rkpa{ tbgiem`a{~mtm cm bcmdatmk ie ` b gidtm{ {ieppik m{# jm{b{# y apta{ ~ta` rk pa{ }roik a{`btiwm`a{ `bc ~b ptcba % Bc `b{mttacca ` b b{m{ ie` r{ptim{ {b gre` mobepmdm

be cm wbepmfm kao~bpipiwm }rb agtbkm m ^rbtpa Tika rem krapm `bio~atpmk ie ` b ~bptcba b xptmefbta kaek b` i`m ~ at ca{ BB RR% B{m k rapm~btoipm cm io~ atpmk ie `b k tr`a m ~tbk ia{ b obtk m`a iepbtemk iaem c% Bcobtkm`a iepbtemkiaemc b{pmdcbkm bepaekb{ ~tbkia{ ~mtm bc ktr`a oryiegbtiatb{ m ca{ }rb tbjme be b c obtk m`a ` ao{pika `b ca{ BB RR% Cm

=B{pb ptmdmfa {b m~aym be re iegatob tbmcivm`a ~at o be bebta `bc 4>>; ~mtm cm Kaoi{ie `b@b{mttacca Ie`r{ptimc y Kaa~btmpiwa `bc [bem`a `b ^rbtpa Tika# ^tb{i`i`m ~at bc [bem`at TmgmbcTa`tjrbv Wmtjm{%

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~a{ikie jbajtgikm `b ^rbtpa Tika ~tb{bepmdm bepaekb{ rem wbepmfmm` ik iaem c ~m tm ca{ {r~b tpme} rbta{ }rb# m c ea ~ a` bt ptme{ipmt ~a t bc kmemc`b [rbv# wim fmdme ~at cm trpm o { cm tjm ~m{me`a m c {rt b Kmda Wbt`b bebc kaea {rt b gtik m %

Bc k mo d ia tm` ik mc }rb ak rtti be cm tbcmk ie ` b ~ tbk ia{ bc ktr`a ` rtmepbca{ cpioa{ ma{ `b cm `km`m `bc =9:> kmekbc {dipmobepb cm wbepmfm}rb agtbk m cm k rapm ` b io~a tpmk ie ` b k tr`a m ^rbtpa Tik a y m cpbt ~ m tm{ibo ~tb bc obtkm`a ore` im c `b ~bptcba% Ca{ ~ tbk ia{ bc k tr`a {rgtibtaemrob epa{ }rb ca{ orcpi~ cik mtae ~ at 0 y crbj a ~ at ; wbk b{% Mepb b c wrbcka`b cm tbcmk ie `b ~ tbk ia{# cm ie`r{ptim `b tbgiemk ie y {r{ {m pcipb{ bfmtae`b {bt wimd cb{ be ^rbtpa Tik a% Bc ~ taybk pa ` bc ~rbtpa `b ha e`a k mcm`a}rb` `b{kmtpm`a%

Cm tbwacrkie pbk eacj ik m } rb {b ieik i k ae grbtvm be cm ` k m` m ` bc =98>

k ao a tb{rcpm` a ` bc `b {mttacca ` b ca{ k itkripa{ iepbjtm`a{ y {r m~ cik mk ie mcm kidbtepikm ~ta`rfa re kmodia b{ptrkprtmc be cm bkaeaom `bAk k i`bepb% Ca{ obtkm`a{ giemek ibta iepbtemk iaem cb{ {b beptbcmvmtaek aewitpie`a{b be rem ie` r{ptim `b ` iob e{iaeb{ j cadmcb{% Kae omyat aobeat jtm`a bc ~ tak b{a ` b iepbtemk iaem civmk ie ` b cm bk aeaom hm i`apak me` a m a ptm{ ie` r{ptim{% Rem ` b cm{ }rb {b ptm{gato tm` ik m cobepb hm{i`a ie` r{ptim ` b cm{ k ao reikm k iaeb{% @b hbk ha# bc `b{mttacca `b cmie`r{ptim `b cm{ pbcbkaoreikmkiaeb{ y cm tbwacrkie pbkeacjikm`i{~mtm`m ~at bc `b{mttacca `bc oikta~takb{m`at# y {r m~cikmkie mk idbtepik m # {ae k m tm{ b cm o i{om oa eb` m% Be tbm ci m` b{pa{ ~tak b{a{~a {idicipmtae rem bk aeao m iepbtemk iaem c km tmk pbtivm` m ~a t re j tm` a `b

iepbttbcmkie }rb ~tawak }rb bc pbtoiea bkaeaom jcadmcivm`m$ {bk aewitpibtm t~ i`mobepb be re k cik h% Cm rpicivmk ie `b {m pcipb{# hm~btoipi`a }rb ca{ {i{pbom{ `b rdikmkie `b ~a{ikie {adtb bc jcadapbtt}rba (J^[) {bm e ym re ie{ptrobepa ie`i{~be{mdcb ~mtm cmemwbj mk ie% B{pa{ hme ~b toipi a cm emwbj mk ie ` b ca{ erbwa{ emwa{ bbebtwb k m~ mk i`m `%

Kaegre`ie`a{b kmr{m{ kae bgbkpa{# be re ~takb{a kmtmkpbtivm`a ~att~i`a{ kmodia{# bc tb{rcpm`a ebpa hm {i`a rem wbt`m`btm bx~ca{ie `b~a{idici`m`b{ }rb hmkbe `b cm bkaeaom iepbtemkiaemc rem tb` `b

iepbttbcmk iaeb{ k m`m wbv o{ k ao ~cbfm y bxpbe{m % Pmepa cm ie` r{ptim ` bcm{ kaoreikmkiaeb{# kaoa cm ie`r{ptim `bc ptme{~atpb# hme tb{~ae`i`a mciektbobepa be bc kaobtkia iepbtemkiaemc y ca hme hbkha ktbkbt{iorcpebmobepb% [ie o{ bx~cikmkiaeb{# dm{pm {bmcmt }rb cm{ ~m{m`m{`a{ `km`m{ hme wi{pa ktbkbt m tipoa bx~aebekimc bc kaobtkiaiepbtemkiaemc%

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Kaekb~pa atijiemc `bc ~taybkpa

M gieb{ `b cm `km`m `bc =99> bc jadibtea `b ^rbtpa Tika kaobev mkae{i`btmt re ~taybkpa }rb kaekidi cm ~a{idici`m` `b `b{mttaccmt be bc{rt `b cm I{cm re ~rbtpa `b ptm{dat`a % Re ~rb tpa `b ptm{dat`a ea b {

obtmobepb re ~rbtpa `b jtme pmoma% Cm{ a~btmkiaeb{ `b ptm{dat`ak aeccbwme a~ btmk iaeb{ `b b {pidm `atb{ }rb `b{k mtjme k aepbeb` atb{ `bdm tk a{ `b j tme km~ mk i`m` ~ m tm ` i{ptidrit y km tjm t ca{ k aepbeb` atb{ beemwa{ `b obeat km~ mk i`m` % Cm k mtjm ~ tawibeb `b apa{ ~rb tpa{ `b~tiobtm kmpbjatm rdikm`a{ be kbepta{ ie`r{ptimcb{ `b mka~ia y`i{ptidrkie be Brta~m# M{im# y Motikm% Be dr{km `b bkaeaom{ `bb{k mcm# y tb` rk k ie ` b k a{pb{ reipmtia{# cm ie` r{ptim hm `b{mttaccm`a em wa{`b beatob k m~ mk i`m` ~m tm bc ptme{~atpb `b k aepbeb` atb{% Cm b{k mcm`b km~mki`m` `b b{pa{ dmtka{ b{p kmodime`a bc ~mpte `b trpm{ptm` ik iaem c rpicivm`a ~ at bc ka ob tk ia ore` imc om tpioa % ^at bfbo ~ca# bc

~atkbepmfb `b kmtjm }rb ptme{ipm ~at bc Kmemc `b ^memo {b hmtb` rk i`a m 4>" y {b b{~btm }rb cm pbe` bek im k aepieb% Ca{ ob jm/emwa{tb}ribtbe `b ~rbtpa{ kae kmtmkpbt{pikm{ `b kmcm`a b ie{pmcmkiaeb{b{~bkimcb{ `b iegtmb{ptrkprtm y b}ri~a% @b hbkha# ca{ objm emwa{ {bkaeakbe ~at cm kcm{b be }rb {b mjtr~me y }rb b{ `beaoiem`m $~a{p/~memomx$ be adwim mcr{ie m cm erbwm bpm~m be }rb hm beptm`a bcptme{~atpb omtpioa%

Erbwmobepb# re kmodia pbkeacjika be cm ptme{~atpmkie omtpiom~tb{bepmdm cm a~atprei`m` `b kacakmt m ^rbtpa Tika be ~a{ikie `bm~tawbk hmt {r rdik mk ie jb aj t gik m % ^rbtpa Tik a hmdm {i`a ~ iaeb ta becm rpicivmk ie `b c k aek b~ pa `b dm tk a{ ptme{~atpb `b kaepb eb` atb{% Bc~rbtpa `b [me Frme omebfm re wacrobe {ijeigikmpiwa `b kmtjm rpicivme`ak aepbeb` atb{ y b{ rea `b ca{ o { io~ atpmepb{ be cm tbj ie b e bc r{a `bb{m pbk eacaj m % Cm{ a~ btmk iaeb{ `b ptm{dat`a ccbwm `m{ m k mda be [meFrme (y be aek b) {ae tbcm piwmob epb ~ b} rbm {%

Cm d{}rb`m `b bkaeaom{ `b b{kmcm y cm{ ~a{idici`m`b{ }rb {b`b{~tbe` be ` b cm iepbtemk iaem civmk ie ` b cm bk aeaom o re` imc# io~ rc{mebc `b{mttacca `b dmtka{ }rb {r~btme kaepiermobepb be km~mki`m` ypmoma ca{ }rb hm{pm hmkb rea{ ~aka{ ma{ {b kae{i`btmdme jijmepb{%

Be cm m k prmci m` # ca{ emwa{ b o myat pmom a {b k cm{igik me k ao a $Omb t{l[/Kcm{{$% Cm k m~mk i`m` ` b b{pa{ em wa{ {b b{piom be :#2>> PBR ($pzb epy/gbb p b} riwm cbep reip{$)% ^bta b{pm ym {b hm tbdm{m`a {ijeigik m piwmobepb~at `i{ba{ }rb k aepbo~ cme dr}rb{ b hm {pm =;#>>> PBR b k m~mk i`m` %Ca{ dr}rb{ `b b{pm{ km~mki`m`b{ tb}ribtbe ~rbtpa{ kae kmtmkpbt{pikm{b{~bk im cb{ b ~ tagre` i`m` b iegtmb{ptrk prtm `b {btwik ia } rb ~ btoipbe } rbcm b {pm` m b e ~rb tpa ~ mtm k mtjm y `b{k mtjm {bm ca o{ dtbwb ~ a{id cb%

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Ca{ emwa{ `b kcm{igikmkie ~a{p/~memomx tb}ribtbe kibtpm{b{~bk igik mk iaeb{ be ca }rb {b tbgibtb m ca{ ~rbtpa{ }rb cb{ me {btwik ia ` bk mtjm y `b{k mtjm % Rem ` b b{m{ b{~bk igik mk iaeb{ {b tbgibtb mc k mcm`a `bc~rb tpa# `bc k mem c `b mk btk mo ibepa y `bc tbm ` b om eiad tm% Ca{ ~rb tpa{

`bdbe kaepmt kae cm{ jtm{ b ie{pmcmkiaeb{ ebkb{mtim{ ~mtm hmkbt cmcmdat `b kmtjm y `b{kmtjrb (${pbwb`atiej$) be bc pibo~a oeioaebkb{mtia%

^aekb km~ipmcivm {r wbepmfm y paom cm ieikimpiwm

Bc jad ibtea ` bc Oreik i~ia Mrpeao a ` b ^aek b# }rb ~a{bb re ~rbtpa ` bomt# {b hm iepbtb{m`a be bc `b{mttacca `bc ~taybk pa% Ca{ oreiki~ia{ `b^brbcm{ y Jrmymeiccm pmodie {b hme iepbtb{m`a be bc `b{mttacca `bc~ taybk pa% B{pa{ `a{ oreiki~ ia{ k rbepm e k ae dm hm{ a ie{pm cmk iaeb {

m{akim`m{ kae cm{ a~btmkiaeb{ `b tbgiebtm{ a ~cmepm{ jbebtmptikb{ `bbebtjm bckptikm }rb crkbe# m ~tiobtm wi{pm# kaoa crjmtb{ m {btkae{i`btm`a{ ~mtm bc `b{mttacca `b kibtpm{ bpm~m{ `b re ~taybkpa~atprm tia ` b j tme bewb tjm`rtm be cm vaem {rt%

B%J% Gtmelbc me` M{{akimpb{ (BJGM) ~tb~mt# ~at bekaoibe`m `bc DmekaJrdbtemobepmc `b Gaobepa# ca{ b{pr`ia{ ieikimcb{ y re b{}rbom `b~taybkpa ~mtm bc `b{mttacca `b re ~rbtpa `b ptm{dat`a%4 Bc ptmdmfa `bBJGM hm {i`a kao~cbobepm`a tbkibepbobepb ~at wmtia{ ptmdmfa{bek aobe` m` a{ ~a t bc Jbtbepb ` bc taybk pa m Ak bm e [hi~~ iejKae{rcpmep{ Cp`%;

4 Wm{b ci{pm `b tbgbtbekim{ mc giemc `b b{pb iegatob%

Cm{ kaekcr{iaeb{ `b ca{ b{pr`ia{ ~ta`rki`a{ ~at b{pa{

kae{rcpatb{ mttafme a~pioi{oa be krmepa m cm{ ~a{idici`m`b{ `btbk r~btmk ie `b cm iewbt{ie be bc ~ taybk pa# {bj e `bgiei a% Cm{`bgieik iaeb{ m cpbtem piwm{ {b ` igbtbek ime be ca tbgbtbepb m rd ik mk ie y m cm{bk rbek im be }rb {b ` b{mttaccm tme k ibtpm{ bpm ~m{ b ~ taybk pa% Bc me ci{i{`b mcpbtempiwm{ be ca tbgbtbepb m {r wimdici`m` bkaeoikm {b hmk aek beptm`a be bc k ao ~aebepb ~atprmtia% ^at {r em prtmcbvm # cm{a~btmkiaeb{ `bc ~rbtpa `bdbte {bt atjmeivm`m{ ~mtm mckmevmt mc omyatjtm` a `b bgik ibek im ~btoipi a ~a t cm pbk eacaj m % @b mh bc cioipm` a~apbekimc `b cm a~btmkie `b ptm{dat`a ~mtm {a{pbebt ~rb{pa{ `b ptmdmfabe eobta{ tbcmpiwmobepb jtme`b{% ^at b{m tmve cm bx~me{ie `b

a~btmkiaeb{ `b wmcat mm`i`a# {b ~cmepbm kaoa bc adfbpiwa omyat#`b{`b bc ~repa `b wi{pm `b ca{ dbebgikia{ omktabkaeoika{ ~mtm ^rbtpaTik a% Ea ad{pm epb # be ca{ b{pr` ia{ i{~aeidcb{ m cm KGI@K# cm ` i{k r{ie ` bcm wimdici`m` y ca{ tb}ri{ipa{ ~mtm }rb `ikhm{ mkpiwi`m`b{ {b `b{mttaccbemre {b o mepibeb be ptoiea{ wmj a{%

;Idi`%

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Bcbobepa{ ie`i{~be{mdcb{

Be ptoiea{ jbebtmcb{# cm m`oiei{ptmkie `b re ~taybkpa kao~cbfatb} ribtb krm pta pm tbm { gre`m ob epmcb{6

=% [b ` bgieite m` bk rm` mob epb ca{ ad fbpiwa{ bc ~ taybk pa4% [b ` b{m ttaccm t re ~ cme `b bfbk rk ie ~ mtm ~ taybk pa;% [b a d{btwmt b c `b{mttacca y {b tbjbepbm t bc ~taybk pa0% [b k aek crit bc ~taybk pa

Wmcb bcmdatmt m ctb` b` at `b b{pm{ pm tm{ gre`m ob epmcb{%

@bgieikie `bc ^taybkpa6

M ea {bt ~at km{rmci`m`# ea b{ ~a{idcb mckmevmt m}rbcca }rb {b`b{k aeak b% ^at ca pmepa# bc ~ tiob t ~m {a m c ptmvmt re ~cme `b m k k iek ae{i{pb be i`bepigik mt cm obpm y ca{ ad fbpiwa{ iepbtob` ia{% Ca{ ad fbpiwa{`bd bte {bt k aeo be{rtmd cb{% @bdbt `bgieit{b bc ~repa ` b pbtoiemk ie~mtm bc ~taybkpa% Ca{ {r~rb{pa{ tbgbtbepb{ m tb{ptikkiaeb{ `bdbte {btbx~ck ipmo bepb tbk aea k i`a{% Pa` a{ ca{ k aek btei a{ `bd be kao~ mtpit`bgieik iaeb{ k aoreb{ ~mtm bwipmt kaegcik pa{ bwbeprmcb{%

^cme `b mkkie

Rem wbv {b b {pmd cbkb cm ` itbk k ie y cm ob pm # {b ` bd bt b{k aj bt cm trpm m{bjrit ~mtm mckmevmtcm% B{ b{bekimc be b{pm kayreprtm cm ci{pm `b pmtbm{ yca{ pibo ~a{ tb} rbti a{ ~mtm k ao ~cbpm tcm{# m{ k ao a cm {bk rbek im be }rb`bd be {bt bfbk rpm` m{% Be b{pa k ae{i{pb re ~cme `b mk k ie a ~ taj tmom `bmkpiwi`m`b{%

[bjrioibepa kaepiera

Bc {bjrioibepa y cm {r~btwi{ie {ae pmtbm{ ie`i{~be{mdcb{ m ptmw{ `b cmwi`m `b re ~taybkpa ~mtm bwipmt }rb bwbepa{ ieb{~btm`a{# }rb

jb ebtmcobepb a k rttbe# `b{k mtticbe {r kae` rk k ie%

A~kiaeb{ `b b{ptrkprtm atjmeivmpiwm

Bc `b{mttacca `b re ~rbtpa `b ptm{dat`a# }rb bwbeprmcobepb ~a{idicipba~btmkiaeb{ `b wmcat mm`i`a be b{kmcm {rgikibepb be cm ka{pm {rt `b^rbtpa Tika# b{ kao~cbfa y ~mtm kao~cbpmt{b paomt pibo~a y tbkrt{a{

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`b pa` m e`acb% @b hbk ha# {i bc ~taybk pa bwb eprm cob epb {b tbm civm # pibeb~apbek im c ~mtm k aewb tpit{b b e bc `b om yat bewb tjm `rtm be b c m {%

Cm atjmeivmkie atijiemc `bc ~taybkpa {b kaepbo~c be ptoiea{ `b remtbcmkie ebjakim`m beptb bc jadibtea `bc B{pm`a Cidtb M{akim`a `b

^rbtpa Tika y re {akia `bc {bkpat ~tiwm`a }rb {btm b{kaji`a m dm{b `bk ibtpa pi~a `b k ao~bpbek im % B{pb cpioa ~ tad md cbobepb {rtjit `b cm~ta~ im ie`r{ptim ` b ptme{~atpmk ie omtpiom iepbtemk iaem c% Bc b{pm`a hm tmrem iewbt{ie ieik im c }rb ~ btoipitm m ttme}rb ` bc ~taybk pa%

Bc jad ibtea `bc BCM hm oa{ptm`a {r iepb t{ jberiea be bc ~taybk pa% Cmtmom bfbkrpiwm hm `b{ijem`a re b}ri~a bekmtjm`a `b cm jbtbekim `bc~ taybk pa (bc $Jbtbepb$% Bc [bem `a `b ^rbtpa Tik a hm b ek ao be` m`a m cmKGI@K kae cm oi{ie ` b ` mt {bj rioibepa y m~ aya m c ~ taybk pa ~mtm } rb bcoi{oa caj tb b c tipoa `b ~ taj tb{a o { mk bcbtm` a } rb {bm k ao~ mpid cb k ae

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