Benítez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE ÉTICA Y BIOÉTICA - Bioética, Economía y Sanidad

7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - Biotica, Economa y Sanidad

1/42

\K\CAC_ JC ZDOK T FDBZDOK

FDBZDOK!

COBEBIKT

_KASJ

Nob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb


2/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb 6


Zbjk |cvsbek zdcec jcvcohb k e ed~ca jc ~djk kjcokjb {c ac ksc`vc! ks obib k s nkidadk!

ak skaj t ca fdcecszkv! t ce cs|codka ak kadicezkode! ca ~cszdjb! ak ~d~dcejk! ak ksdszceodk ijdok t abs

scv~dodbs sbodkacs ecocskvdbs7 zdcec ksdidsib jcvcohb k abs sc`vbs ce oksb jc jcsci|acb! cencvicjkj!

de~kadjc}! ~djc}! ~cmc} bzvbs oksbs jc |vjdjk jc ss icjdbs jc sfsdszceodk |bv odvoeszkeodks

dejc|cejdcezcs jc s ~baezkj%

Jcoakvkode Sed~cvska jc Jcvcohbs Hikebs% Kvzoab 63%;

;% _c vcobeboc ca jcvcohb k ak |vbzcoode jc ak skaj%

6% Obi|czc k abs |bjcvcs |fadobs bv`ked}kv t zzcakv ak skaj |fadok k zvk~s jc

icjdjks |vc~cezd~ks t jc aks |vcszkodbecs t scv~dodbs ecocskvdbs% Ak act cszkfacocv absjcvcohbs t jcfcvcs jc zbjbs ka vcs|cozb%

?% Abs |bjcvcs |fadobs nbicezkve ak cjokode skedzkvdk! ak cjokode nsdok t ca

jc|bvzc% Ksdidsib nkodadzkve ak kjcokjk zdad}kode jca bodb%

Obeszdzode Cs|kbak% Kvzoab :?

Koocsb c{dzkzd~b k abs fcecndodbs jc ak skedjkj% Aks \kvzcs! zcedcejb ce ocezk aks

ecocsdjkjcs jc ak skedjkj t abs vcovsbs jds|bedfacs! kjb|zkve aks icjdjks kjcokjks obe ca

nde jc `kvkezd}kv! jcezvb jc s ifdzb mvdsjdoodbeka! e koocsb c{dzkzd~b k abs fcecndodbs jc

ek skedjkj jc okadjkj k|vb|dkjk%

Obe~cedb sbfvc abs Jcvcohbs Hikebs t ak Fdbicjdodek% Kvzoab ?

ejdoc=

;% Dezvbjoode= ak |vbjoode jc ak _kaj% ?6% @cszde skedzkvdk% >?% Cobebik jc ak _kaj% 4:% C~kakode cobeidok skedzkvdk% ;>3% Mszdodk t C{djkj% 6:>% K|vbxdikode k ak kozkadjkj% ??

Fdfadb`vknk :


3/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ?


;% DEZVBJSOODE= AK \VBJSOODE JC AK _KASJ

Cs ak skaj e fdce {c sc |cjc |vbjodv bv`ked}kjkicezc2 _! ak

skaj sc hk obeszdzdjb ce ak ibjcvedjkj obib e fdce obie t `cecvka

{c! eb sab |cjc |vbjodvsc! zkifde |cjc obescv~kvsc!

deovcicezkvsc t vco|cvkvsc% T |kvk kzcejcv obvvcozkicezc k ak

|vbjoode jc skaj sc hke jdsckjb jdncvcezcs cs{ciks bv`ked}kzd~bs!

abs aakikjbs _dszciks jc _kaj% Cszbs! dezc`vke abs vcovsbs ksdszceodkacs

jds|bedfacs jc ibjb {c zbjbs ss cacicezbs! dezcvvcakodbekjbs!

obej}oke k ak |vbjoode jc skaj (Ibi|kvz! ;443=;8$%

Ak |akedndokode jca sdszcik skedzkvdb sc fksk ce aks ecocsdjkjcs jc

ak odjkjkek% _d {cvcibs `cecvkv koodbecs fcecndodbsks mezb k

vcsazkjbs kjcokjbs! sc hke jc zcecv ce ocezk aks ecocsdjkjcs jc skaj

jc ak |bfakode! jc ibjb {c |cjke |vbjodvsc okifdbs |bsdzd~bs ce ak

sdzkode jc skaj jc ak {c sc |kvzk% Ce cszc keadsds cs di|bvzkezc zcecv

ce ocezk=

) Aakikibs |vbfacik jc skaj k ak |vcsceodk jc e cszkjb jc skaj

jcndodcezc! sc`e ak obesdjcvkode jca dejd~djb! ak obiedjkj b abs

cx|cvzbs ce skaj% Aakikibs vdcs`b jc skaj k ak |bsdfdadjkj)|vbfkfdadjkj


4/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb :


jc {c bovvk e jkb b nceiceb eb jcsckjb sbfvc ak skaj

obe~dvzdejbsc cezbeocs ce |vbfacik% Ndekaicezc! aakikibs ecocsdjkj jc

skaj k ak jcs~dkode cezvc ca cszkjb jc skaj |zdib djcka t ca cszkjb vcka

jc e dejd~djb b obiedjkj%

) Abs dejd~djbs ~kabvke ss |vb|dks ecocsdjkjcs jc skaj

jc|cejdcejb jc iazd|acs nkozbvcs zkacs obib kzb|cvoc|ode jc s

skaj! denbvikode jc ak {c jds|bece! |bsdfdadjkjcs deicjdkzks jc

sbaode! czo% Aks kzbvdjkjcs skedzkvdks zkifde ~kabvke! jcsjc e

|ezb jc ~dszk odcezndob t zoedob! aks ecocsdjkjcs jc skaj jc ak

obiedjkj% Ndekaicezc! ak |bazdok skedzkvdk! k zvk~s jc aks ac`dsakodbecs!

zkifde jds|bec ak cxdszceodk jc ek scvdc jc ecocsdjkjcs jc skaj {c

hke jc scv `kvkezd}kjks t ofdcvzks decajdfacicezc%

) Zbjb ab cx|vcskjb kezcvdbvicezc! |vbfacik! vdcs`b t ecocsdjkj!

sc obe~dcvzc b ikzcvdkad}k ce ak jcikejk! {c cs ek |czdode obeovczk jc

kzceode skedzkvdk! b ak sbadodzj obesodcezc jc e skvdb jc

jczcvidekjbs scv~dodbs vcakodbekjbs obe ak skaj%

) [cjk cezbeocs |akezckjk ek sdzkode jc icvokjb skedzkvdb ce

ak {c |bv e akjb! ak obiedjkj b ak |bfakode b ak odjkjkek zdcec

ek scvdc jc ecocsdjkjcs t jcikejk kzceode skedzkvdk7 t ca _cv~dodb


5/42



_kedzkvdb bncvzk ek |vbjoode jc skaj% Cezvc icjdks! abs obszcs t abs

fcecndodbs! cszb cs! e Cszkjb {c |k`k ak nkozvk% Obe zbjb e caceob

ac`dsakzd~b t obi|czceodka {c ab vbjck%

) K |kvzdv jc k{ sc `cecvk e ki|asdib vkib jc |bsdfdadjkjcs

zkezb |bsdzd~ks obib ec`kzd~ks% Aks |vdicvks eb `cecvke obenadozbs% Aks

sc`ejks s= ecocsdjkjcs {c sc jcikejke! jcikejks {c eb vcs|bejce

k ecocsdjkjcs vckacs! ecocsdjkjcs {c vc{dcvce vcovsbs t vcovsbs

dek|vb|dkjbs |kvk aks ecocsdjkjcs! czo% \bv zbjb cszb! t is! sv`c ak

`cszde skedzkvdk


6/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb >


6% @C_ZDE _KEDZKVDK

Okejb hkfakibs jc @cszde _kedzkvdk (Hckazhokvc Ikek`cicez$

cszkibs hkodcejb vcncvceodk k ak |akedndokode! bv`ked}kode t jdvcoode

jc aks kozd~djkjcs skedzkvdks ceokidekjks k icmbvkv vcsazkjbs ce skaj jc ak

|bfakode (_ka~kjbv! jca Aakeb! [cocjb! ^daakv! Vkd`kjk! V}!

6


7/42



) Ca ce~cmcodidcezb jc ak |bfakode= Cszc nceiceb jcib`vndob

vcjoc abs de`vcsbs ndsokacs t obzd}kodbecs c deovcicezk ca `kszb skedzkvdb%

) Aks ec~ks zcoebab`ks ce ca oki|b jc ak cacozvbicjdodek! {c sd

fdce cs odcvzb {c nkodadzke ak ksdszceodk deodjc ebzkfacicezc ce ca

kicezb jca `kszb%

) Ak ovbedndokode jc aks cencvicjkjcs%

) Okifdb vkjdoka ce ca ed~ca jc cxd`ceodks t cx|cozkzd~ks jc abs

|kodcezcs t skvdbs jc abs scv~dodbs jc skaj%

Ce e |ks obib ca ecszvb; ca `kszb skedzkvdb eb |kvk jc kicezkv!

|cvb szc eb ~k sc`djb jca idsib deovcicezb ce ak vcokjkode |kvk

ndekeodkv obvvcozkicezc ak ksdszceodk skedzkvdk% Ak csoksc} jc vcovsbs jc

ndekeodkode cs eb jc abs |vbfaciks is di|bvzkezcs jca Cszkjb t

obabok k ak cobebik jc ak skaj ce e a`kv jcszkokjb jc ak |bazdok

kozka%

; Ce Cs|kk hkt cszkfacodjb e _dszcik Ekodbeka jc skaj (_E_$ jc|cejdcezc jca Idedszcvdbjc _kedjkj t ak Act @cecvka jc _kedjkj (jc 63 kfvda jc ;48>$% _s okvkozcvszdoks |vdeod|kacs sbe! jc) Obfcvzvk ed~cvska {c s|bec ca koocsb adfvc jc zbjbs abs odjkjkebs ka sdszcik skedzkvdb%) Ndekeodkode |fadok |bv abs di|cszbs t k zvk~s jc abs \vcs|cszbs @cecvkacs jca Cszkjb%) @cszde t kjidedszvkode `fcvekicezka%) \vb~dsde |fadok obi|acicezkjk |bv ak |vd~kjk obeocvzkjk%) Ksdszceodk skedzkvdk zvkesncvdjk k aks OO%KK%

) \cvsbeka skedzkvdb kskakvdkjb%) Obndekeodkode jc aks |vcszkodbecs jc icjdokicezbs%


8/42



) Icsb)`cszde jc abs scv~dodbs skedzkvdbs vc`dbekacs {c deoatc!

cezvc bzvks! ak obbvjdekode jc abs |vbncsdbekacs jc abs scv~dodbs

skedzkvdbs t ak kvzdoakode cezvc scv~dodbs t ed~cacs jc kzceode%

) Idovb)`cszde jc abs |vbncsdbekacs jc ak skaj b @cszde Oaedok%

_c zvkzk jc ek cszvkzc`dk jc icmbvk {c |cvidzc sdszcikzd}kv t bvjcekv abs

|vbocsbs jc kzceode skedzkvdk jc nbvik kjcokjk t cndodcezc (_ka~kjbv! jca

Aakeb! [cocjb! ^daakv! Vkd`kjk! V}! 6


9/42



?% COBEBIK JC AK _KASJ

D

_c`e ak V%K%C |bjcibs jcndedv cobebik obib k{caak odceodk

{c cszjdk abs izbjbs is cndokocs |kvk skzdsnkocv aks ecocsdjkjcs hikeks

ikzcvdkacs! icjdkezc ca ci|acb jc fdcecs csoksbs6% Cx|vcsejbab jc e ibjb

obab{dka! sc zvkzkvk jc hkocv! b |vbjodv! obe |bob zbjb ab ecocskvdb

|kvk sfsdszdv% \kvcoc oakvb! {c ak cobebik! zcedcejb ce ocezk ak

csoksc} jc vcovsbs! zvkzkv jc vcs|bejcv zvcs di|bvzkezcs |vc`ezks=

{ sc |vbjoc! oib sc |vbjoc t |kvk {de sc |vbjoc%

T jc|cejdcejb jca ifdzb ce ca {c aks obsks sc hk`ke b

|vbj}oke zcejvcibs ek jdsod|adek cs|codka jcezvb jc ak Cobebik% K

e ed~ca it `cevdob t ki|adb! ak cobebik ~cvsk sbfvc cszks

ocszdbecs= vcovsbs csoksbs! |vbjoode)jdszvdfode jc fdcecs t

scv~dodbs t skzdsnkoode jc ecocsdjkjcs t |vcncvceodks% Ak cobebik!

cidecezcicezc ikzcizdok! jcsovdfc sdzkodbecs jc c{dadfvdb ce abs

icvokjbs jc fdcecs t scv~dodbs! ce fs{cjk jc |zdibs jc cndodceodk |kvk

6 hzz|=""acik%vkc%cs"jvkc"2~ka9cobebidk
http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=economiahttp://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=economiahttp://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=economia


10/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ;


11/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ;;


DD

[ fdcecs |vbjoc ca ifdzb skedzkvdb2 Hcibs jc jcodv! jc

ibjb it `cecvka! {c |vbjoc skaj% T oakvb csz! |vbjodv skaj eb cs

ab idsib {c |vbjodv vb|k! obohcs b vcnvcsobs jc obak% T ak ocszde sc

obi|adok sd ac`b {cvcibs kekad}kvak! icjdvak! okezdndokvak

ikzcizdokicezc |kvk ~cv s vcezkfdadjkj% Nkfvdokibs e ~choab! ab

|becibs ce ca icvokjb7 ac`b! ka`dce zvkzk jc ~cejcvab |kvk {c bzvb

ka`dce ab obi|vc ce e csocekvdb jc obi|czceodk obe bzvbs nkfvdokezcs%

Ndekaicezc! ebs ocezke `kekeodks t bzvbs skzdsnkoce ak ecocsdjkj jc

~dkmkv is sc`vb! |bv cmci|ab% _d ce cszc |vbocsb okifdkibs ca ~choab

|bv ak skaj! ak cx|cvdceodk scv okobnedok b cxzvkk! okejb icebs ce

ecszvks akzdzjcs% Jd`kibs! |bv zkezb! {c aks okzc`bvks |vks jc ak

cobebik eb zcvideke jc ceokmkv k ak |cvncoode ce ak cobebik jc ak

skaj% Zdcece {c scv ikzd}kjks t obi|acicezkjks obe okzc`bvks kj

hbo%

^d~dcejb! obib ~d~dibs! ce e csocekvdb jc _kedjkj |fadok t

ed~cvska! jc jcikejk ovcodcezc mezb k ak csoksc} jc vcovsbs

jds|bedfacs! abs ovdzcvdbs |kvk jdszvdfdvabs c{dzkzd~kicezc sbe it

di|bvzkezcs% _c hk jc jcodjdv k { sc jcjdoke csbs vcovsbs |fadobs! t k


12/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ;6


{de sc ksdèke abs fdcecs)scv~dodbs jds|bedfacs% _cv ak Cobebik jc ak

_kaj! zcedcejb ce ocezk ak csoksc} jc vcovsbs cezvc bzvks

odvoeszkeodks?! ak {c zvkzkv jc vcs|bejcv k aks |vcèzks oak~c {c

hkokibs ka obidce}b= { skaj sc ~k |vbjodv! oib ~kibs k |vbjodv

ek skaj jc okadjkj t |kvk {de ak |vbjodvcibs |vcncvcezcicezc%

Cszc azdib obeoc|zb! |kvk {de! ebs hkoc ~cv ab di|bvzkezc {c

vcsazkve ce ak Cobebik jc ak _kaj ak vkodbekad}kode t ak |vdbvd}kode%

DDD

Hkt |vcèzks {c eb zcecibs is vcicjdb {c hkocvebs t

knvbezkv ac`b ak vcs|cszk= cs |bsdfac ndekeodkv zbjbs abs scv~dodbs

skedzkvdbs {c sc jcikejke2 Eb7 obe ab {c abs ovdzcvdbs jc |vdbvd}kode

t vkodbekad}kode sc obe~dcvzce ce ocezvkacs ce zbjb sdszcik jc _kaj!

cs|codkaicezc ce eb |fadob t ed~cvska obib cs ca ecszvb% Hkt {c

skfcv obe { vcovsbs sc ocezk! { cs ab {c sc sbadodzk b jcikejk

vk}bekfacicezc! t ac`b! |vdbvd}kv ab {c sc bnvcoc ka odjkjkeb t

skvdb% Eb csz jc is jcjdokv kaèks |kakfvks k cszc ksezb%

?

\be`b cszk cx|vcsde ce ec`vdzk |kvk jcebzkv jcsjc e |vdicv ibicezb {c ak skedjkj ebsab zdcec {c ~cv obe cobebik! eicvbs! cszkjszdoks t jcis% Hkt zdok! ndabsbnk! mszdodk!hikedjkj obib dezcezkvcibs jc ibszvkv is kjcakezc%


13/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ;?


Ak csoksc} jc vcovsbs sv`c jc ak dezcvvcakode cezvc ab {c sc

ecocsdzk)vc{dcvc t ab {c sc jds|bec% Di|adok {c! |vdicvb! eb sc

|vbjoc abs sndodcezcs fdcecs)scv~dodbs |kvk ofvdv zbjks aks

ecocsdjkjcs7 t sc`ejb! eb sc |cjc aac`kv k ofvdv zbjbs abs bfmczd~bs

jc ak sbodcjkj% Iczknvdokicezc cszkibs hkfakejb jc e dejd~djb {c

zvkzk jc zk|kvsc obe ek ikezk jc icebv zkikb {c s cszkzvk! sd sc

zk|k abs |dcs sc ac cenvk ak okvk t sd zk|k szk! ca nvb ab zcejv ce abs |dcs%

\bv zkezb! hke jc zbikvsc jcodsdbecs ce fksc k |vdbvdjkjcs% \vdbvd}kv eb

cs bzvk obsk {c jcodjdv { sc hkoc t { eb sc hkoc7 t jcezvb jc ab {c

~k k hkocvsc! jcodjdv { cs ab {c hkvcibs kezcs t jcs|s : (_ka~kjbv!

jca Aakeb! [cocjb! ^daakv! Vkd`kjk! V}! 6


14/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ;:


|fadob jc skaj eb hkvk nkazk ak |vdbvd}kode% _be icjdjks ecocskvdks!

oakvb csz! |cvb ca kicezb jc ak ndekeodkode eb cadidekvk ak ecocsdjkj

jc |vdbvd}kv% Detcozkv is jdecvb ka sdszcik eb cadidek ak cacoode! eb

{dzk ak koode jc zcecv {c csob`cv cezvc obsks! |bv cmci|ab eb c~dzkvk

ak jcodsde jc detcozkv is nbejbs ce e ed~ca bzvb jc ak kzceode! sck

|vdikvdk b cs|codkad}kjk% _ck obib ncvc! obe iktbv b icebv

|vcs|cszb! ak |vdbvd}kode cs nejkicezka ce cobebik jc ak skaj%

D^

\bv zkezb! t k ibjb jc obeoasde! jcodibs {c ca ifdzb

fdbijdob)skedzkvdb `cszdbek vcovsbs {c |vbjoce fdcecs t scv~dodbs

{c |vb|bvodbeke ovkode! zvkzkidcezb t |vc~ceode jc cencvicjkjcs7

zkifde cszkibs jdodcejb {c ak icjdodek zdcec e oakvb obi|becezc

cobeidob ce s kozd~djkj% _c ebs hke kfdcvzb jbs aecks jc kv`icezbs!

ab {c ak cobebik ac jdoc k ab ijdob)skedzkvdb t ~doc~cvsk= zdcec ak

odceodk cobeidok! obe ss actcs! izbjbs t |vbocjdidcezbs! ce

cxoasd~k! {c jcodvac ka ifdzb skedzkvdb)ijdob { ksdszceodk

|vbjodv t jdszvdfdv2! cs ca icvokjb ca {c ikvok! cxoasd~kicezc! ak

okezk jc fdcecs t scv~dodbs {c sc hke jc `cecvkv obe abs {c ovkv!


15/42



zvkzkv t |vc~cedv cencvicjkjcs2 T hk`b hdeok|d ce ak ocszde jc ak

cxoasd~djkj |bv{c ak skaj cs e fdce cs|codka {c zdcec {c kzcejcv k

csks bzvks odvoeszkeodks jc aks {c hkfakfk kezcvdbvicezc t {c

zcejvcibs b|bvzedjkj jc obeovczkv%


16/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ;>


:% C^KASKODE COBEIDOK _KEDZKVDK%

D

\kvk {c e _dszcik _kedzkvdb |cjk obesc`dv ek obvvcozk

ksd`ekode jc vcovsbs! cs nejkicezka vckad}kv ek c~kakode

cobeidok obi|czcezc% Ak c~kakode cobeidok cs ca keadsds

obi|kvkzd~b jc aks koodbecs kazcvekzd~ks zkezb ce zvidebs jc obszcs obib jc

fcecndodbs (Mc}! 6


17/42



) Ca `vkjb jc c{dadfvdb cezvc abs fcecndodbs t abs vdcs`bs jc ak

ksdszceodk%

) Di|kozb sbodka jc ak ksdszceodk skedzkvdk%

) Obi|becezcs hikebs zkacs obib ca ~kabv zoedob t hikeb {c

ca |kodcezc obeocjd k abs |vbncsdbekacs {c ac kzcejdcvbe! kifdcezc

`cecvka jca ocezvb jbejc nc kzcejdjb! `vkjb jc skzdsnkoode jca

|kodcezc! czo%

DD

Oacs sbe abs bfmczd~bs jc `cszde jc abs _cv~dodbs _kedzkvdbs! cszb

cs! { jcfc fsokv t |cvsc`dv ek fcek `cszde skedzkvdk2 Zbjk ak

adzcvkzvk ebs hkfak jc ak zvd|ac C= cndokodk! cndodceodk t cncozd~djkj%

Cndokodk cs ca `vkjb ce {c ka`b! sck e |vbocjdidcezb b e scv~dodb!

ab`vk ca icmbv vcsazkjb |bsdfac! b sck! ca vcsazkjb |zdib% Zkifde sc|cjc jcndedv! odejbebs ka ifdzb skedzkvdb! obib ca cncozb jc ek

koode skedzkvdk sbfvc ca ed~ca jc skaj b fdcecszkv jc ak |bfakode! aac~kjks k

okfb ce obejdodbecs |vozdoks |zdiks (Mc}! 6


18/42



Cndodceodk cs! ce zvidebs obab{dkacs! ab`vkv b hkocv is obe

icebs% Cs ca `vkjb ce {c ka`b! sck ek bv`ked}kode b ek zcoebab`k!

obezvdftc ixdikicezc k obesc`dv abs bfmczd~bs jcndedjbs obe abs

vcovsbs jc {c sc jds|bece% Mc} (6


19/42



jc obesc`dv% Obe ak cndokodk icjdibs ca oi|adidcezb jc bfmczd~bs% Ebs

hkocibs ek scèjk |vcèzk= Oib ab hkocibs2 Cszcvcibs hkfakejb

jc vcovsbs% Cszb cs cndodceodk% _d nvkibs ok|kocs jc hkocv iohks

obsks obe it |bobs vcovsbs b `kszkejb it |bob jdvkibs {c ca

vcsazkjb scvk ca is cndodcezc |bsdfac% Obe ak cndodceodk icjdibs abs

vcovsbs zdad}kjbs% \bjcibs hkocvebs ek zcvocvk |vcèzk= \kvk { ab

hkocibs2 Hkfakibs! |bv zkezb! jc vcsazkjbs% Cszb cs cncozd~djkj% _d

nvkibs ok|kocs jc hkocv ab {c ebs hkfkibs |vb|cszb jdvkibs {c

sbibs cncozd~bs% Obe ak cncozd~djkj icjdibs abs vcsazkjbs% Ak

okjvkzvk jc ovoab csz ce oi|adv abs zvcs ovdzcvdbs k ak ~c}! cszb cs!

oi|adv ca bfmczd~b ikvokjb t scv cndokocs7 oi|adv ca bfmczd~b ikvokjb

obe abs vcovsbs jds|bedfacs t scv cndodcezcs7 t ndekaicezc! ab`vkv ca

vcsazkjb |vb|cszb t scv cncozd~bs3%

3 Obe ndecs cszvdozkicezc jdjozdobs |cjc fsokvsc ek cx|adokode icebs zoedok t jcikeka t is |c`kjk k ak vckadjkj obzdjdkek% Ks! |cjb dik`dekv ka _v% Ibvdehb |akedndokv obe sszknn zoedob ak zci|bvkjk nzfbaszdok {c obice}kv fvc~cicezc% Ce caak sc |akezckve ek scvdc jcbfmczd~bs= `kekv ka icebs 6 jc abs zvcs zzabs ce mc`b! Ad`k! Ob|k jca Vct t Ohki|dbes Ack`c% \kvkcaab ocezk obe e |vcs|cszb {c ca _v% Nabvcezdeb \vc} ac jcmk ikecmkv scè s ovdzcvdb% \kvkoi|adv csbs bfmczd~bs zcejve {c obesc`dv e sszkeodbsb eicvb jc ~dozbvdks k ab akv`b jc akzci|bvkjk% \kskve abs icscs t ebs ceobezvkibs k{ e kb jcs|s% Iv% Ibvdehb hk obesc`djb`kekv ak Ad`k t ak Ohki|dbes obe ab {c jdvcibs {c hk sdjb cndok} |bv oi|adv abs bfmczd~bsikvokjbs% Kjcis obib sc hk ocdjb ka |vcs|cszb |kozkjb obe ca _v% \vcsdjcezc jdvcibs {c hk

sdjb cndodcezc% T obib hk obesc`djb is |ezbs {c ekjdc ce ak Ad`k t hk `kekjb ce zbjks akcadidekzbvdks jc Ohki|dbes cs! sde jjk! ca c{d|b is cncozd~b% Ic obe`vkzab ka |ceskv {c ca _v%Ibvdehb ab`vk ak okjvkzvk jca ovoab%


20/42



21/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb 6;


Okifdbs ce ak ok|kodjkj |vbjozd~k jc abs dejd~djbs%

Dkzvb`cedks! dencoodbecs ebsbobidkacs! cncozbs scoejkvdbs tvckoodbecs kj~cvsks icjdokicezbsks! czo%

_cajbs t skakvdbs%

Obe ca bzvb |bab! abs fcecndodbs! sc deovcicezk ak jdndoazkj k ak hbvk

jc ceobezvkv ek jcndedode b|cvkzd~k jca idsib tk {c k{ eb

hkfakibs jc fcecndodbs cobeidobs% Oib icjdvcibs ca cszkjb jc

skaj t abs fcecndodbs {c |bjkibs |vbovkvac2 [ edjkj jc icjdjk

skibs2 Oib skfc ca |cvsbeka skedzkvdb {c csz jkejb fcecndodbs ka

scv~dodb skedzkvdb t k ak skaj jc abs skvdbs2

_c`e Mc} (6


22/42



) Szdad}k ak |zdok jc ak |vbabe`kode jc ak ~djk |kvk c~kakv ak

cndodceodk ce ca scozbv fdbijdob t skedzkvdb%

) Abs obszcs t abs fcecndodbs sbe ~kabvkjbs ce zvidebs ibeczkvdbs!

kozkaicezc ce cvbs%

) Cs e keadsds jc c{dadfvdb |kvodka {c obi|kvk sdzkodbecs

cszzdoks%

) \akezck ka kekadszk scvdks obi|adokodbecs k ak hbvk jc ~kabvkv ak

icmbvk)fcecndodb ce ca cszkjb jc skaj jca |kodcezc! ce zvidebs

ibeczkvdbs! cszb cs! jc |vcodb7 |bv ab {c cs e izbjb jc k|adokode

vcjodjk ce ca ifdzb skedzkvdb%

6% Keadsds Obszc)Cncozd~djkj b KOC (Mc}! 6


23/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb 6?


) Abs cncozbs sc idjce ce zvidebs jc okifdbs jc ibvzkadjkj!

okifdbs ce ak ibvfdadjkj t bz|zs dezcvicjdbs zkacs obib ca eicvb jc

|vcfks jdk`eszdoks vckad}kjks! |kodcezcs kzcejdjbs! kbs jc ~djk

`kekjbs! kbs jc ~djk |bzceodkacs! oksbs c~dzkjbs t jczcozkjbs! czo%

) Cs ca izbjb jc c~kakode is skjb ce skedjkj%

?% Keadsds jc Obszc)Szdadjkj (Mc}! 6


24/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb 6:


3% MS_ZDODK T C[SDJKJ

D

Ak c{djkj cs ak okvzk C jc ak {c hkt {c hkfakv ce zbjb

keadsds cobeidob jc ak skaj% Ce e c|`vknc kezcvdbv hkfkibs

|akezckjb zvcs ocszdbecs di|bvzkezcs% [cjk ek okvzk |vc`ezk |bv

vcs|bejcv= \kvk {de ab hkocibs2 Hkfakibs cezbeocs jc c{djkj% _d

nvkibs ok|kocs jc hkocv ab {c hkocibs jc ibjb mszb t c{dzkzd~b%

Ak cndokodk! ak cndodceodk t ak cncozd~djkj sbe obeoc|zbs zoedobs! s

sb! e~bob! csz ebvikad}kjb cezvc abs cx|cvzbs ce cobebik% \cvb obe

ak c{djkj ak obsk sc hkoc is obi|acmk sd okfc% \bjcibs jkv ek

|vdicvk jcndedode jc ak idsik= d`kajkj ce ak kzceode! ce ca koocsb k

abs vcovsbs t ce ak okadjkj jc abs vcsazkjbs% \cvb ka scv ak c{djkj e

obeoc|zb ndabsndob {c zdcec ~kabv zdob t |bazdob! s sb eb cs e~bob

|cszb {c cxdszce ~kvdks ikecvks jc cezcejcvak! obi|vcejcvak!

vcnacxdbekvak t |becvak ce |vozdok>%

> \kvk _ka~kjbv! jca Aakeb! [cocjb! ^daakv! Vkd`kjk! V}! (6


25/42



DD

Oib hk jc scv ak `kvkezk jc koocsb k ak ksdszceodk skedzkvdk2 Se

koocsb naa jc zbjb |kvk zbjbs t `vkzds2 [de zcejv |vdbvdjkj! abs

|kodcezcs obe icmbv b |cbv |vbeszdob2 Kzceode |fadok obifdekjk

obe ca ob|k`b2 _dszcik skedzkvdb ce ka`ek jc aks |bsdfacs ibjkadjkjcs

|vd~kjks2 T ca |kodcezc {c cs okskezc jdvcozb jc s |kzbab`k |bv ss

hfdzbs jc ~djk eb skajkfacs2 _c jcszdekv ak iktbv |kvzc jc abs

vcovsbs k de~cszd`kode! b k |vc~ceode! b k ovedobs! b k zcvidekacs! b k

cencvibs k`jbs2 Hkszk { zvkzkidcezbs! icjdokicezbs! |vcfks t

scv~dodbs aac`k ak skedjkj |fadok ed~cvska t `vkzdzk2 Cszc zd|b jc

|vc`ezks hkoce {c ak c{djkj zcvidec sdzkjk ce ca ocezvb jc ak

Cobebik jc ak _kaj%

Ca oib jdszvdfdv abs csoksbs vcovsbs jc abs {c jds|becibs

s|cvk ak |vk vkodbekadjkj cobeidok! zdcec {c ~cv obe ak mszdodk (jc

Abvk . @ksoe! 6


26/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb 6>


ocezk ak |vbzcoode jc ak skaj! deoasb ac`dsakjk ce ecszvk

Obeszdzode t abs Jcvcohbs Hikebs%

[ s|bec ak skaj |kvk ca scv hikeb2 Ak fcek b ikak skaj

cs eb jc abs obejdodbekezcs is di|bvzkezcs |kvk {c abs scvcs

hikebs |bjkibs jcskvvbaakvebs obib smczbs ibvkacs kzebibs% Ab

{c hkocibs obe ecszvk ~djk jc|cejc! kjcis jc e |cvbjb ~dzka

jvkjcvb! jca fdcecszkv {c ebs fvdejk ak ksceodk jc cencvicjkj b

jdsok|kodjkj (jc Abvk . @ksoe! 6$% \bv zkezb! ak ksdszceodk

skedzkvdk cs ek ecocsdjkj fsdok! e fdce cs|codka% Ka`e |vvknb is

kvvdfk dejdokfk! ce ovsd~k! {c hkt {c zcecv ce ocezk bzvks

odvoeszkeodks% Okejb ak obesdjcvcibs zcejvkibs {c zcecv ce ocezk

is ovdzcvdbs {c ca jc ak |vk! t jvk! vkodbekadjkj cobeidok%

DDD

\kvk ibszvkv hkszk { |ezb ca obeoc|zb jc c{djkj eb cs

e~bob ed hbib`ecb! jkvcibs zvcs |c{cks |deocakjks jc zvcs

dezcv|vczkodbecs jdszdezks jca idsib obeoc|zb%

k% Ak c{djkj |kvk ca zdadzkvdsib obesdszc ce ak ikxdid}kode jc ak

sik jc abs cszkjbs jc skaj jc abs dejd~djbs (\tba! ;444=388$% Ka nbejb


27/42



|bjcibs cezcejcv ek obeoc|ode obacozd~k jca jcvcohb k ak skaj% Se

sdszcik jc skaj mszb! |kvk cszbs! cs ca {c obesd`c kicezkv ak skaj

sikjk jc zbjbs! cszb cs! ikezcecv ~d~b ka iktbv eicvb jc

odjkjkebs% Vckmszejbsc k abs zdci|bs {c obvvce! zcecv skaj eb cs

sdi|acicezc cszkv ~d~b7 zkifde kfkvok ak okadjkj jc ~djk% Abs zhdeg

zkeg zdadzkvdszks skokvbe jc s ohdszcvk ndabsndok ca obeoc|zb jc K^KO 0%

[dcvce! abs zdadzkvdszks! ikxdid}kv ca eicvb jc [KATs okejb hktk {c

jdszvdfdv abs vcovsbs skedzkvdbs (\tba! ;444=384$! |bv{c ikxdid}kv

K^KOs cs ikxdid}kv ak skaj% Jcncesbvcs t jczvkozbvcs jc cszc ibjcab

ebs cescke ss ~dvzjcs t jcncozbs ce ak adzcvkzvk7 ab odcvzb cs {c cszc

ibjcab hk `kekjb iohbs cezcvbs ce ecszvb |ks%

f% \kvk ca adfcvzkvdsib! ak jcncesk jc ak adfcvzkj dejd~djka cs zke

ncvzc {c aac`k k cxoadv k ak kzceode skedzkvdk jc abs jcvcohbs jc aks

|cvsbeks (\tba! ;444=34?$% Cszkv cencvib eb bzbv`k jcvcohbs ibvkacs ed

obi|ceskodbecs ce nbvik jc ksdszceodk skedzkvdk% Ca denbvzedb! ca k}kv! ak

scvzc! ca ok|vdohb jca jcszdeb t bzvks ocszdbecs jc cszc zd|b eb sbe

vk}becs |kvk {c scke obi|ceskjks sbodkaicezc! iohb icebs sd hkt

~baezkvdcjkj |bv obejozks t hfdzbs eb skajkfacs b jc vdcs`b% Ak

ktjk vcs|bejc k ak fcecndoceodk! k ak okvdjkj t ka obi|vbidsb |cvsbeka

0 Kb jc ~djk kmszkjb |bv okadjkj% Ce de`as sc jdoc [KAT b [kadzt Kjmszcj Adnc Tckv


28/42



vcad`dbsb b djcba`dob% Ak skaj eb cs e jcvcohb sdeb e fdce {c sc

kj{dcvc k zvk~s jca icvokjb% \bv csb! abs |vb|asbvcs jca adfcvzkvdsib

eeok jcncejcve e sdszcik |fadob jc skedjkj% Obib ce ca kezcvdbv!

jcncesbvcs t jczvkozbvcs aaceke |`deks t |`deks obe ovzdoks t jcncesks%

Ak vckadjkj ebs jdoc {c ca |ks is |bjcvbsb jca iejb! CCSS t ss

is jc ?$% Ce ak |vbzcoode jc ak

skaj hkt {c ikecmkv ak mszdodk jdszvdfzd~k t ak d`kajkj jc vcovsbs

(jc Abvk . @ksoe! 6


29/42



Ce sc`ejb zvideb! Jpbvgde ksbodk abs jcvcohbs obe aks

vcs|beskfdadjkjcs% _ djck cs {c ca odjkjkeb ksik abs obszcs jc ss

cacoodbecs t cezcejcv {c eb zbjb cs |bsdfac% Ce okezb k ak skaj! ca

odjkjkeb zdcec {c cszkv jds|cszb k |k`kv ca obszc dehcvcezc k ab {c

{dcvc ce ak ksdszceodk skedzkvdk! sd {dcvc iohb zcejv {c |k`kv is

di|cszbs caab% Ca odjkjkeb zdcec {c kaoke}kv ek iktbvk jc cjkj

sbodka t |bazdok! jkvsc ocezk jca iejb ce ca {c ~d~c t {c eb sab sck

ca cszkjb |kzcvekadszk ca {c hk`k t jcshk`k% Ca sdszcik jc skedjkj

|fadob zcejvk aks |vcszkodbecs {c ak odjkjkek csz~dcvk jds|cszk k

|k`kv obe ss di|cszbs! ed is ed icebs%

Khbvk fdce! sd obe ak d`kajkj jc vcovsbs ka`e odjkjkeb

obesd`c obe s csncv}b t skovdndodb khbvvkv is t {dcvc is {c ak

icjdk! hkfvk {c di|cjdvac {c ksidcvk dejd~djkaicezc ca obszc jc

ab {dcvc2 Jpbvgde cezdcejc {c eb% Ca sdszcik skedzkvdb |fadob

jdszvdftc ak ksdszceodk skedzkvdk ce neode jc ifvkacs jc ecocsdjkj t

eb ce neode jc ak ok|kodjkj jc |k`b% Ak ksdszceodk skedzkvdk cs e fdce

cs|codka otk |vbjoode t jdszvdfode eb jcfc jcmkvsc k aks actcs jca

icvokjb! ce cxoasd~k% Jd`kibs {c ac jk fdcecs t scv~dodbs ka {c eb ac

aac`k! |cvb eb |cjc |becv aidzcs t fkvvcvks ka {c {dcvc ksidv


30/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ?


31/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ?;


|vdeod|dbs jc eb ikacndoceodk t mszdodk sbe |vdeod|dbs |fadobs! idcezvks

{c ak kzbebik t ak fcecndoceodk sbe |vd~kjbs%

Ca |vdeod|db jc mszdodk sc hk jc vc`dv! ce |kakfvks jc @knb (;48


32/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ?6


{c |vdbvd}kv aks ecocsdjkjcs scoejkvdks t zcvodkvdks! |bv sc`dv skejb

cszbs zvidebs% Zki|bob cs a`kv cszc |kvk zvkzkv t jcsofvdv! b deoasb

jcsceiksokvkv! |bv{ sc jdsozc zkezb sbfvc ab {c sc|kvk t eb sc

obeszvtc ce fcecndodb jc zbjbs sbfvc ab {c vckaicezc ec%


33/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ??


>% SEK K\VBXDIKODE K AK KOZSKADJKJ

Jcncejcv ak skedjkj |fadok eb jcfc obejodv ed k ak oc`cvk ocvvda

ec`kjbvk jc vckadjkjcs icmbvkfacs ed k ek obi|akoceodk |vbzcozbvk jc

e szkzs {b |badzd}kjb t |vbnejkicezc demszb% Ca ksezb eb csz ce

vcsba~cv ak jdstezd~k jc skedjkj |fadok s b eb% Ak ocszde csz ce {

ibjcab jc skedjkj |fadok |bjcibs ksidv t! sbfvc zbjb! oa cs ca

icmbv ibjb |bsdfac jc `cszdbekvak% Eb sbab hkt {c jcncejcv ak skedjkj

|fadok! hkt {c |cjdv ek fcek skedjkj |fadok! cncozd~k! cndodcezc!

cndok} t c{dzkzd~k%

Bvze t jca Aakeb (;448=:)3$4 kaa |bv ca kb ;448 tk hkfakfke jc ak

ecocskvdk vcnbvik jca sdszcik skedzkvdb% Khbvk ce 6


34/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ?:


{c khbvk sbe |cskjks okjceks {c di|djce ca obvvcozb

jcsce~ba~didcezb jc okadjkj% ^ckibs aks is |vbidecezcs=

) Ak |vdicvk ak ceobezvkibs ce ak vcakode is fsdok jc ak

skedjkj= ak vcakode |vbncsdbeka)skvdb% B sd ca ijdob |bjv ovkv ak

cencvicjkj {c zdcece abs skvdbs% Ed {c jcodv zdcec {c ca ijdob

|bec zbjk s sk|dceodk ka scv~dodb jca |kodcezc t {c ca sdszcik jc skaj

|bec! k s scv~dodb zkifde! oksd zbjk ak zcoebab`k {c |cjc obszckvsc%

Cs bf~db! |cvb eb csz jc is vcobvjkv {c ed ak skaj ed ak ovkode jc

cencvicjkjcs sbe b|cvkodbecs kvdzizdoks sceodaaks k ibjb jc jbs is

jbs sbe okzvb% _be iohks aks boksdbecs ce {c ca |vbncsdbeka! ca

skvdb t ca `cszbv ba~djke cszk ocszde%

) Denbvikode ksdizvdok jc |vbncsdbekacs t skvdbs% _bibs ek

sbodcjkj obe ek jcndodcezsdik cjokode skedzkvdk cacicezka t fsdok%

K ab akv`b jc ecszvk hdszbvdk vcodcezc hcibs ksdszdjb k vcnbviks t

obezvkvvcnbviks cjokzd~ks! {c eb hke jcmkjb skzdsncohbs ed k zdvdbs ed k

zvbtkebs! |cvb ce ak {c eb sc jcskvvbaak ed sd{dcvk eks iediks

ebodbecs jc |vbzcoode jc skaj b |vdicvbs kxdadbs! |bv cmci|ab%

s|cszb {c cszbs jbs scbvcs! Bvze t jca Aakeb! eb ncvbe abs edobs {c ka ndeka jc ak jokjk jcabs 4< aakikvbe ak kzceode sbfvc abs okifdbs {c hkfk {c vckad}kv ce ak _kedjkj \fadok% Jbt |bvs|cszb! kjcis! {c abs |bazdobs ka ikejb jc ak ek~c cszkzka eb acs hdodcvbe oksb ka`eb k ede`eb

jc caabs! b sd abs hdodcvbe eb ncvbe cncozd~bs! cndodcezcs t cndokocs% Jokjk t icjdk jcs|s! ce icjdbjc ek ovdsds {c hkoc |c{ck k ak {c ~d~dcvbe cszbs scbvcs k idzkj jc abs 4


35/42



) Kicezb cx|beceodka jc abs cszdabs jc ~djk |cad`vbsbs t

jcsodjkjbs {c kicezke! d`kaicezc! abs obszcs skedzkvdbs%

) Obi|bvzkidcezb jcs|vcbo|kjb jc e obemezb jc skvdbs {c

obesice abs scv~dodbs skedzkvdbs |bv ca k|kvcezc hcohb jc ak `vkzdjkj%

K iohbs cszc vk}bekidcezb acs |cjc bncejcv! sc`vkicezc |bv{c s

sc |vcbo|ke% Cezbeocs! cszc |ezb eb hkfak jc caabs t eb zdcece {c

bncejcvsc% K{ sc hkfak jc ek iksk ovzdok jc |cvsbeks {c zcvideke

|bv jcsceokmkv ca c{dadfvdb% Deec`kfac cs ak cxdszceodk jc |cvsbeks {c

eb sc vcs|beskfdad}ke jca sb! b kfsb! jc vcovsbs jca sdszcik |bv{c

eb hkt ek ibeczd}kode jdvcozk okejb cs kzcejdjb% _de cifkv`b! ak

skedjkj eb cs `vkzdzk |bv{c skac jc abs skakvdbs t abs di|cszbs% Hkt

k{ e zvkfkmb di|bvzkezc jc obeodceodkode odjkjkek decajdfac%

) Obezvkzkode okezdzkzd~k! ka |bv iktbv! jca |cvsbeka% Eb sc hk

obesc`djb ~cvzcfvkv e sdszcik okadzkzd~b {c |vdic! kezcs {c k ek

fbask jc zvkfkmb odc`k! aks obi|czceodks t abs |cvndacs! abs vcovsbs

hikebs t zbjk ak fkzcvk jc kv`icezbs jc ak |sdobab`k jca zvkfkmb t

aks bv`ked}kodbecs% Aac~kibs jokjks jbejc sc hke |vbjodjb |vb`vcsbs

deovcfacs ce abs vcovsbs hikebs t ak skedjkj |fadok sd`c sdcejb

di|cvickfac k caabs! |cvjdcejb ek b|bvzedjkj jc icmbvk ik`endok%


36/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb ?>


) Iksd~k fvbovkzd}kode {c obeaac~k {c abs |vbncsdbekacs jc

skaj zce`ke |bok kzbebik jcodsbvdk% Okjk ~c} sc |ksk is zdci|b

cezvc |k|cacs {c obe ca cencvib%

) Abs fvovkzks t |bazdobs kozke ce cxoasd~b dezcvs |vb|db!

obe~dvzdcejb ce |fadob ca dezcvs |kvzdjdszk c djcba`dob%

Kaèks jc cszks |vbfacizdoks sbe! ~dszb ab ~dszb! desbafacs% Ab

sc`dve sdcejb% Sek |kvzc jc aks {c s |cjce sba~cezkvsc ab hkvke sd

ak oaksc |bazdok {c ebs jcs`bfdcvek ncvk ok|k} jc ceobezvkv |ezbs

iedibs jc ceocezvb obe abs b|bsdzbvcs% Vcs|cozb k ak bzvk |kvzc jc aks

{c s zdcece sbaode! Bvze t jca Aakeb |vb|sdcvbe ak deobv|bvkode ak

cjokode ce ak `cszde oaedok jca |cvsbeka skedzkvdb jc k |dc (;448=;;$% T

{c cezvc zbjbs hkocv e sdszcik cndok} t cncozd~b%

Cs c~djcezc {c sbe abs |vbncsdbekacs! ce ca jk k jk! abs {c

vckaicezc ksdèke ak iktbv |kvzc jc abs vcovsbs skedzkvdbs! eb sbab ab

hkoc ca `vke |kjvc Cszkjb t ca nkezksik jca Icvokjb% Obab{dkaicezc! ca

|vbncsdbeka zdcece ak skvze |bv ca ike`b! b oksd% T jd`b oksd |bv{c

|cjce b|zkvsc k{ |bv ~kvdbs okidebs ce cszb jc dezvbjodv ak `cszde

oaedok% Hkt e |vdicv okideb {c zbik obib `k ca obv|bvkzd~dsib

{c idvk edokicezc ca |coadb {c csz ce mc`b% Hkt e scèjb


37/42



okideb jc ak `cszde oaedok! {c jkejb |bv odcvzb cszb jc {c ak

|vbjoode skedzkvdk hk jc cszkv ce ikebs jc ebs |vbncsdbekacs

obi|czcezcs t nbvikjbs ce `cszde! zcvidek oktcejb! ek ~c} is! ce

ek scvdc jc |cv~cvsdbecs tk obebodjks! {c ~ke jcsjc ak fvbovkzd}kode

hkszk ak decndokodk bv`ked}kzd~k! jcsjc ca ec|bzdsib hkszk ca kid`dsib!

t jcsjc ak |badzd}kode |kvzdjdszk k ak djdbodk djcba`dok% Ede`eb jc abs

jbs okidebs |kvcoc zcecv ce ocezk ka skvdb! abs obszcs jc b|bvzedjkj t

jcodjdv ce ca icmbv dezcvs jc abs |kodcezcs obe nejkicezb odcezndob t ci|kzk

(Bvze! jca Aakeb! ;448=; |bsdzd~d}ke cszbs djckacs! {cjkejb ak skaj obib e

fdce |fadob {c jcfc scv `kvkezd}kjb jcsjc ca Cszkjb% Ak A@_


38/42



obesk`vk;;! ce s kvzoab ?! k ak c{djkj obib eb jc ss |vdeod|dbs

`cecvkacs%

Ca jcvcohb k ak kzceode skedzkvdk csz vcobebodjb c

deszdzodbekad}kjb ce abs |kscs is k~ke}kjbs! ke{c kozkaicezc ca

jcfkzc ce zbveb ka idsib jbidek `vke |kvzc jc aks vcnacxdbecs jc ak

B|dede \fadok jc csbs idsibs a`kvcs% Zbjbs abs cx|cvzbs hkfake jc

aks idsiks obejdodbecs= jcikejk ovcodcezc jc scv~dodbs! |bazdoks

skedzkvdks jc kicezb jc ak okadjkj jc ~djk! deovcicezb cx|beceodka jc

abs obszcs skedzkvdbs t abs `kszbs sbodkacs% Ak kzceode skedzkvdk eb csz

cxcezk jc ak ovdsds cobeidok% Ak ovdsds aakik k ak |cvzk jc ak c{djkj!

|bv ibicezbs |kvcoc {c {dsdcvk jcvvdfkvak% Hcibs aac`kjb k ek

sdzkode ce {c ca deovcicezb jc obszcs t vcovsbs aac~k ka

|akezckidcezb! s b s! tk eb jc |vdbvd}kv sdeb jc vkodbekv abs vcovsbs

csoksbs! mezb k icjdjks jc ob|k`b ce a`kvcs! oksb jc Cs|kk! ce abs

;; ZZSAB D% JCA _D_ZCIK JC _KASJ% OK\ZSAB D% JC AB_ \VDEOD\DB_

@CECVKAC_% Kvzoab ?%

;% Abs icjdbs t kozkodbecs jca sdszcik skedzkvdb cszkve bvdcezkjbs|vdbvdzkvdkicezc k ak |vbibode jc ak skaj t k ak |vc~ceode jc aks cencvicjkjcs%

6% Ak ksdszceodk skedzkvdk |fadok sc cxzcejcv k zbjk ak |bfakode cs|kbak% Cakoocsb t aks |vcszkodbecs skedzkvdks sc vckad}kve ce obejdodbecs jc d`kajkj cncozd~k%

?% Ak |bazdok jc skaj cszkv bvdcezkjk k ak s|cvkode jc abs jcsc{dadfvdbszcvvdzbvdkacs t sbodkacs%Ncezc=hzz|=""ebzdodks%mvdjdoks%obi"fkscRjkzbs"Kjide"a;:);48>%z;%hzia/k?
http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/l14-1986.t1.html#a3http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/l14-1986.t1.html#a3http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/l14-1986.t1.html#a3http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/l14-1986.t1.html#a3


39/42



{c eeok kezcs sc hkfk |akezckjb k ak odjkjkek jc ibjb scvdb t

jcodjdjb7 obe ca obesd`dcezc shbog sbodka {c cszb obeaac~k%

Zcvideb! eb zce`b obeoasdbecs! zce`b is |vc`ezks% _c |cjc

kzcejcv ak skaj jc ak odjkjkek sde hejdv ak cobebik jca |ks2!

oezb hk jc cezvc`kv ak cobebik jca |ks |kvk ikezcecv ak skaj jc

abs odjkjkebs2 Oa cs ak jbsds obvvcozk jc icvokjb ce ak _kedjkj2

Oa cs ak jbsds obvvcozk jc c{djkj2 Cszks |vc`ezks sd`ce kfdcvzks! t

sc ikezcejve ks |bv iohb zdci|b%


40/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb :


41/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb :;


hzz|=""6;?%%

Kj{dvdjb ce dezcvecz=

hzz|=""ppp%cobe%|n%cj"ubvze"|fadokodbes"|k|cv;3%|jn
http://213.0.4.19/servlet/SirveObras/12826207572393734198846/cuaderno22/Doxa22_25.pdfhttp://213.0.4.19/servlet/SirveObras/12826207572393734198846/cuaderno22/Doxa22_25.pdfhttp://213.0.4.19/servlet/SirveObras/12826207572393734198846/cuaderno22/Doxa22_25.pdfhttp://www.fundacionabbott.es/documentos/publicaciones/gestionsantariamedicos.pdfhttp://www.fundacionabbott.es/documentos/publicaciones/gestionsantariamedicos.pdfhttp://www.fundacionabbott.es/documentos/publicaciones/gestionsantariamedicos.pdfhttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~ortun/publicacions/ClinGest.pdfhttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~ortun/publicacions/ClinGest.pdfhttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~ortun/publicacions/paper15.pdfhttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~ortun/publicacions/paper15.pdfhttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~ortun/publicacions/paper15.pdfhttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~ortun/publicacions/ClinGest.pdfhttp://www.fundacionabbott.es/documentos/publicaciones/gestionsantariamedicos.pdfhttp://www.fundacionabbott.es/documentos/publicaciones/gestionsantariamedicos.pdfhttp://213.0.4.19/servlet/SirveObras/12826207572393734198846/cuaderno22/Doxa22_25.pdfhttp://213.0.4.19/servlet/SirveObras/12826207572393734198846/cuaderno22/Doxa22_25.pdf


42/42

FDBZDOK! COBEBIK T _KEDJKJNob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb :6


Nob% Mk~dcv Fcezc} Vfdb

Jd|abikjb Cencvicvk

Adoceodkjb Ndabsbnk

Benítez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE ÉTICA Y BIOÉTICA - Bioética, Economía y Sanidad

Documents

Transcript of Benítez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE ÉTICA Y BIOÉTICA - Bioética, Economía y Sanidad