Sociedad Red y

Salud

Francisco Lupiáñez (flupianez@uoc.edu)Profesor Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaEstudios de Ciencias de la Información y Comunicación

Aproximación a la Sociedad Red

Internet y Salud

eSalud - eHealth

Realidad empírica - Fuentes de información

Conclusiones

Índice

“Algo está cambiando,se dijeron Adán y Eva a la salida del paraíso”

Sociedad Red: forma específica de estructura social identificada por la investigación empírica como característica de la Era de la Información.

Estructura social: forma de organización humana en sus relaciones de producción/consumo, experiencia y poder expresadas a través de la interacción del marco cultural.

Era de la Información: período histórico en el que la sociedad realiza sus diferentes actividades en un paradigma tecnológico constituído sobre una base microelectrónica de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y la genética (Era Industrial -- electricidad)

Aproximación a la Sociedad Red - Definición

Castells, 2000; 2001; 2002

- Nueva estructura socialConfigurada en torno a redes.Crisis de la familia patriarcal y de las burocracia del Estado.

- Nueva culturaMedios de comunicación de base electrónica.Proceso de globalización.

- Nueva economíaCentrada en la producción de conocimiento como creación de valor.Global y formada por redes.

- Nueva políticaProcesos de poder: batalla de las ideas y las imágenes.

- Sociedad de redesSuperación de la organización jerárquica y vertical.Flexibilidad, adaptabilidad y capacidad de reconfigurarse.

Aproximación a la Sociedad Red - Rasgos

Castells, 2000; 2001; 2002

Aproximación a la Sociedad Red

Visión utópica Visión distópica

RE

ALID

AD

E

MP

ÍRIC

A

Katz & Rice, 2001

Aproximación a la Sociedad Red

2 Intervenciones

12 Comentarios

Aproximación a la Sociedad Red

Contenidos

Dirección postal

Teléfono

Fax

Email

Lista de distribución

InternetMedio de comunicación, de interacción y de organización social que se articula tecnológicamente como red de redes de ordenadores capaces de comunicarse entre ellos.

En este sentido, la World Wide Web (www), el correo electrónico, los foros de discusión, la transferencia de archivos, las dispositivos móviles (PDA, WAP, GPRS) son diferentes aplicaciones integradas en Internet

SaludEstado de completo bienestar físico, mental y social, y no solamente la ausencia de afecciones o enfermedad. La salud implica que todas las necesidades fundamentales de las personas estén cubiertas: afectivas, sanitarias, nutricionales, sociales y culturales.

Internet y Salud

Castells, 2001; OMS

eSalud - eHealth

OMSConnecting for Health. Global Vision, Local Insight. Report for the World Summit on the Information Society (2005)

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for health, or ‘eHealth’, today represents one of the key instruments for health care delivery and public health.

eHealth. Tools & Services. Needs of the Member State2006

Survey about Health care, Policy and Strategy, Education and Information

eSalud - eHealth

EuropeBetter healthcare for less money: eHealth is the major challenge facing Europe's healthcare systems. It could potentially become the third largest industry in the healthcare sector.

ICT for Health (also known as eHealth) describes the application of information and communications technologies across the whole range of functions that affect the health sector, from the doctor to the hospital manager, via nurses, data processing specialists, social security administrators and - of course - the patients.

eSalud - eHealth

EspañaEl Marco de Desarrollo de la e-Salud en España. Instituto de Salud Carlos III

E-Salud nos referimos al uso de las tecnologías de redes digitales de datos multimedia (Internet) para la Sanidad.

Se caracteriza por ser un espacio de aplicaciones que se suelen clasificar en cinco categorías:- Servicios de información- Comercio electrónico- Conectividad- Aplicaciones en la red- Aplicaciones médicas o Telemedicina

eSalud - eHealth

Journal of Medical Internet ResearchWhat is e-health? (1)

e-health is an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies. In a broader sense, the term characterizes not only a technical development, but also a state-of-mind, a way of thinking, an attitude, and a commitment for networked, global thinking, to improve health care locally, regionally, and worldwide by using information and communication technology.

eSalud - eHealth

Journal of Medical Internet ResearchWhat is e-health? (1)1. Efficiency - one of the promises of e-health is to increase efficiency in health care, thereby decreasing costs. One possible way of decreasing costs would be by avoiding duplicative or unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, through enhanced communication possibilities between health care establishments, and through patient involvement.

2. Enhancing quality of care - increasing efficiency involves not only reducing costs, but at the same time improving quality. E-health may enhance the quality of health care for example by allowing comparisons between different providers, involving consumers as additional power for quality assurance, and directing patient streams to the best quality providers.

3. Evidence based - e-health interventions should be evidence-based in a sense that their effectiveness and efficiency should not be assumed but proven by rigorous scientific evaluation. Much work still has to be done in this area.

4. Empowerment of consumers and patients - by making the knowledge bases of medicine and personal electronic records accessible to consumers over the Internet, e-health opens new avenues for patient-centered medicine, and enables evidence-based patient choice.

5. Encouragement of a new relationship between the patient and health professional, towards a true partnership, where decisions are made in a shared manner.

6. Education of physicians through online sources (continuing medical education) and consumers (health education, tailored preventive information for consumers)

eSalud - eHealth

Journal of Medical Internet ResearchWhat is e-health? (1)

7. Enabling information exchange and communication in a standardized way between health care establishments.

8. Extending the scope of health care beyond its conventional boundaries. This is meant in both a geographical sense as well as in a conceptual sense. e-health enables consumers to easily obtain health services online from global providers. These services can range from simple advice to more complex interventions or products such a pharmaceuticals.

9. Ethics - e-health involves new forms of patient-physician interaction and poses new challenges and threats to ethical issues such as online professional practice, informed consent, privacy and equity issues.

10. Equity - to make health care more equitable is one of the promises of e-health, but at the same time there is a considerable threat that e-health may deepen the gap between the "haves" and "have-nots". People, who do not have the money, skills, and access to computers and networks, cannot use computers effectively. As a result, these patient populations (which would actually benefit the most from health information) are those who are the least likely to benefit from advances in information technology, unless political measures ensure equitable access for all. The digital divide currently runs between rural vs. urban populations, rich vs. poor, young vs. old, male vs. female people, and between neglected/rare vs. common diseases.

In addition to these 10 essential e's, e-health should also be

* easy-to-use, * entertaining (no-one will use something that is boring!) and * exciting

eSalud - eHealth

Journal of Medical Internet ResearchWhat is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine?

What Is eHealth (3): A Systematic Review of Published Definitions

What Is eHealth (4): A Scoping Exercise to Map the Field

What Is eHealth (5): A Research Agenda for eHealth Through Stakeholder Consultation and Policy Context Review

What Is eHealth (6): Perspectives on the Evolution of eHealth

Research

Realidad empírica – Fuentes de información

Item (usuarios de Internet) España 2004

Cataluña 2004

1. Buscar información relacionada con la salud (enfermedad, nutrición, etc)

28,13% 25,82%

2. Concertar una cita con el médico u otro personal sanitario

1,00% 1,46%

3. Solicitar una receta al médico 0,20% 0,18%

4. Buscar consejos de salud de un médico 5,27% 4,02%

Fuente: INEbase. Instituto Nacional de Estadística en Encuesta sobre Equipamiento y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en los hogares

Realidad empírica – Fuentes de información

Statistical Indicators Benchmarking the Information Society (SIBIS)

EUROBAROMETER 58.2 European citizens and sources of information about health

eUser Project (eHealth)

e-Business W@tch eHealth

Pew Internet Project

World Internet Project

CURRENT, CHANGING PRACTICES & USES

STAKEHOLDERS

SYSTEMS & INFRASTRUCTURE

APPLICATIONS

OUTCOMES AND CONSEQUENCES AT

VARIOUS LEVELS FOR STAKEHOLDERS

ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION

POLICY, LEGISLATION, REGULATION, ECONOMICS

ANEXO 1. Rice, R. (2001). The Internet and Health Communication: A framework of Experience. In: Rice, R. & Katz. J. The Internet and Health Communication. Experiences and Expectations (pp 1- 46). London: Sage Publications.

EducationContinuing medical educationTestingConsultationSupportClinical trailsDiagnosisAnalysesInteractionCollaborationInformation flowsOnline SupportOnline Communications CampaignsE-commerceSearch and retrievalRecordsImages

PatientsPhysiciansHealth care professionalsInsurace companiesResourcesSocial NetworksAdministrative and technical supportCustomersReferralsSuppliers and purchaser commercial organizations

WebNacional Information IniciativesTelemedicinaCommunity Health Information Network

PrivacyAuthenticationIntellectual propertyAccessQualityEquityEfficacyEducational practicePersonalizationBarriersTrust

Rewards and peer evaluationHealth outcomesInstitutionsKnowledge communicationEconomic structuresMarkets

IndividualFamilyCommunityOrganizationIndustry

Conclusiones

Internet se esta configurando como un “espacio” de referencia para los temas relacionados con la búsqueda de información sobre la salud.

Comienzan a esbozarse cuestiones que van más allá de la búsqueda de información y que están relacionados con procesos de interacción más complejos y que afectan a todo el sistema sanitario

Salud flujos de información

Muchas gracias por su atención

Francisco Lupiáñez (flupianez@uoc.edu)Profesor Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaEstudios de Ciencias de la Información y Comunicación