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Shah JahanShah JahanShah Jahan ascended the Mughal throne inShah Jahan ascended the Mughal throne in AD1628 and ruled till AD 1657. he ensured his AD1628 and ruled till AD 1657. he ensured his position by ordering the execution of all the male position by ordering the execution of all the male

relatives who might have had any claims to therelatives who might have had any claims to thethrone. His brother Shahryar, was arrested andthrone. His brother Shahryar, was arrested andblinded. Shah Jahan was intelligent, ambitious andblinded. Shah Jahan was intelligent, ambitious anddynamic. He was eager to continue Akbar·s policy of dynamic. He was eager to continue Akbar·s policy of 

expansion.expansion.

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Birth name: Ghiyas-ud-din Shah Jahan

Title: Emperor of Mughal Empire

Birth: January 5, 1592

Place of birth: Lahore, Punjab (Pakistan

)

Death: January 22, 1666

Succeeded by:  Aurangzeb

Marriage: *Quandari Begum

*Mumtaz Mahal

Children:

* Aurangzeb, son

*Murad Baksh, son

*Dara Shikoh, son

*Shah Shuja, son

*Jahanara Begum, daughter 

*Roshanara Begum, daughter 

*Gauhara Begum, daughter 

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EXPEDITIONSEXPEDITIONS

He had a Deccan Campaign in which he annexedHe had a Deccan Campaign in which he annexed Ahmadnagar and subdued Bijapur and Golconda. Ahmadnagar and subdued Bijapur and Golconda.

He ended a Central Asia Campaign in a disaster He ended a Central Asia Campaign in a disaster During Shah Jahan·s reign, the Mughals lostDuring Shah Jahan·s reign, the Mughals lostKandahar Kandahar 

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Expulsion of the PortugueseExpulsion of the Portuguese Akbar  Akbar andand Jahangir  Jahangir hadhad granted granted thethe PortuguesePortugueseandand EnglishEnglish traderstraders thethe permission permission toto setset upuptradingtrading settlementssettlements inin IndiaIndia.. ShahShah Jahan Jahan allowedallowed

thethe EuropeansEuropeans toto carrycarry onon their their tradingtrading activitiesactivitiesinin IndiaIndia butbut keptkept aa watchwatch onon themthem.. ShahShah Jahan Jahan found found thatthat thethe PortuguesePortuguese werewere usingusing their their basebase ininHugliHugli for   for piracy piracy inin thethe BayBay of of BengalBengal.. TheyThey alsoalso

kidnappedkidnapped orphansorphans andand forcibly forcibly convertedconverted themthem totoChristianityChristianity.. HeHe sentsent Mughal Mughal forces forces toto defeatdefeat andandexpelexpel themthem from from HugliHugli..

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 Administration AdministrationF or F or thethe earlyearly yearsyears of  of hishis reign,reign, therethere waswas nonoseriousserious challengechallenge toto hishis authority,authority, tilltill thethe outbreakoutbreak of of 

thethe war war of of successionsuccession..TradeTrade andand commercecommerce flourished flourished andand thethe statestatebecamebecame moremore prosperous prosperous..Prince Khurram was 35 years old when he ascended Prince Khurram was 35 years old when he ascended 

the throne as Shah Jahan (King of the World).the throne as Shah Jahan (King of the World).Succeeding Jahangir in 1627, Shah Jahan enjoyed the Succeeding Jahangir in 1627, Shah Jahan enjoyed the support of experienced administrators and advisors support of experienced administrators and advisors -- -- like his father like his father- -in in- -law Asaf Khan law Asaf Khan -- -- who were holdovers who were holdovers from the previous reign.from the previous reign.

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 Architecture Architecture

Shah Jahan, revived Akbar's policy of pressing southward against the independent 

Muslim Sultanate of the Deccan. But almost all of his expansion expeditions were unsuccessful. The expenditures resulting from Shah Jahan's failed attempts at frontier 

expansion, as well as his insatiable appetite for new and grand architecture, were appreciable factors in the empire's eventual financial crisis 

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The signature of love, the poem in white marble, the epitome of The signature of love, the poem in white marble, the epitome of 

beauty, the wonder of the world, that'sbeauty, the wonder of the world, that's Taj Mahal Taj Mahal . The pride and . The pride and 

 passion associated with India for the passion associated with India for the Taj Mahal Taj Mahal remains itsremains its

greatest gift to the world heritage. Much more than the mausoleumgreatest gift to the world heritage. Much more than the mausoleum

of the Mughal Empress Mumtaz Mahal,of the Mughal Empress Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal Taj Mahal is an exemplary is an exemplary work of art . Year after year tourists flock to take a look at thework of art . Year after year tourists flock to take a look at the

symbol of lovesymbol of love Taj Mahal Taj Mahal . The romantic aura around the monument . The romantic aura around the monument 

attracts millions to the most visited and the most photographed attracts millions to the most visited and the most photographed 

monument . Welcome to the world of beauty at themonument . Welcome to the world of beauty at the Taj Mahal Taj Mahal 

Taj Mahal 

S hah Jahan is best known as the builder of the Taj Mahal , a shrine

to his Persian second wife, Arjumand Bano Begum, popularly 

known as Mumtaz Mahal ("Ornament of the Palace") whom he

married on May 10 ,1612 , at the age of 20 .

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 Also called the Pearl Mosque, at Agra is considered Also called the Pearl Mosque, at Agra is consideredto be the most perfect buildings of Shah Jahan. Shahto be the most perfect buildings of Shah Jahan. Shah Jahan have a special attraction towards white marbles Jahan have a special attraction towards white marblesthat is why most of his buildings were made out of that is why most of his buildings were made out of 

white marble.white marble.

 Moti Masjid  Moti Masjid 

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Red Fort 

This monument has been made out of red sandstoneThis monument has been made out of red sandstoneand is quite massive.and is quite massive.

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Successors of Shah Jahan

DARA AURANGZEB MURADSHUJA

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EstimateEstimateShah Jahan was a great ruler and we all willShah Jahan was a great ruler and we all willremember him by our hearts.remember him by our hearts.

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Shah Jehan¶s Estimate of His Sons

The Emperor Shah Jahan used to say, ³At times I fearThe Emperor Shah Jahan used to say, ³At times I fear

that my eldest son [Dara Shukoh] has become the enemythat my eldest son [Dara Shukoh] has become the enemy

of good men; Murad Bakhsh has set his heart on drinking;of good men; Murad Bakhsh has set his heart on drinking;

Muhammad Shuja has no good trait except contentment (Muhammad Shuja has no good trait except contentment (i. i. 

e .e ., easy good nature). But the resolution and intelligence of , easy good nature). But the resolution and intelligence of Aurangzib prove that he [alone] can shoulder this difficultAurangzib prove that he [alone] can shoulder this difficult

task (task (viz.viz., ruling India). But there is great sickness and, ruling India). But there is great sickness and

infirmity in his physical frame. (infirmity in his physical frame. (V erseV erse))

Then, whom will he wish for as a friend and to whom willThen, whom will he wish for as a friend and to whom will

his heart incline?´his heart incline?´Text  .Text  . ²  ²Ir. MS. 14Ir. MS. 14a .a . Not in MS. N. This anecdote occurs inNot in MS. N. This anecdote occurs in

many other collections and is No. 5 in the lithographedmany other collections and is No. 5 in the lithographed

 Ruqaat  Ruqaat--i i --Alamg i r i.  Alamg i r i.