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Laboratorio 3Laboratorio 3Comunicación Comunicación sincrónica Vía sincrónica Vía

SatéliteSatélite

Esquema de la Red

EthernetEthernet

Router 1 Router 2

WAN192.168.0.0 /30

LAN 110.0.1.0 /24

LAN 210.0.2.0 /24

192.168.0.110.0.2.1

192.168.0.1

10.0.1.1

10.0.2.2010.0.1.20

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Configuración de la red

• PC:– Dirección IP.– Mascara– Default Gateway

• Router:– Dirección IP– Máscara

De todas las interfaces

– Rutas estáticas

Herramientas para Herramientas para diagnósticosdiagnósticos

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PingUSO: Ping nombre.dominio o dirección IPOptions:• -t Ping the specifed host until interrupted. • -a Resolve addresses to hostnames.• -n count Number of echo requests to send. • -l size Send buffer size. • -f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet. • -i TTL Time To Live. • -v TOS Type Of Service. • -r count Record route for count hops.• -s count Timestamp for count hops.• -j host-list Loose source route along host-list. • -k host-list Strict source route along host-list. • -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

TracertUSO: Tracert nombre.dominio o dirección IPOptions: • -d: Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.• -h maximum_hops: Maximum number of hops to search for target.• -j host-list: Loose source route along host-list.• -w timeout: Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.

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RouteUSO: Route PrintSintaxis: ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway]]• -f : Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction

with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command. • command Specifies one of four commands

– PRINT Prints a route– ADD Adds a route– DELETE Deletes a route– CHANGE Modifies an existing route

• Destination: Specifies the host to send command. • MASK: If the MASK keyword is present, the next parameter is interpreted as the

netmask parameter.• netmask: If provided, specifies a sub-net mask value to be associated with this

route entry. If not specified, if defaults to 255.255.255.255. • Gateway: Specifies gateway.

NetstatSintaxis: NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]

-A Displays all connections and listening ports. (Server-sideconnections are normally not shown).

-E Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -soption.

-N Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.-P proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto

May be tcp or udp. If used with the -s option to displayper-protocol statistics, proto may be tcp, udp, or ip.

-R Displays the contents of the routing table.-S Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are

shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specifyA subset of the default.

interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval secondsbetween each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplayingstatistics. If omitted, netstat will print the currentconfiguration information once.

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ArpARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]

-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the currentprotocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physicaladdresses for only the specified computer are displayed. IfMore than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each

ARP table are displayed.-g Same as -a.inet_addr Specifies an internet address.

Arp Cont.-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified

by if_addr.-D Deletes the host specified by inet_addr.-S Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr

with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address isgiven as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entryis permanent.

eth_addr Specifies a physical address.if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the

interface whose address translation table should be modified.If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.

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Winipconfig

Configuración de Configuración de Router CiscoRouter Cisco

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Router Cisco

• Serie 2500– 2501: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 1

async (38.4Kbps) p/ backup – 2511: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 16

async (115.2Kbps)– 2520: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 2

async (115.2Kbps)

Modos de comandos

• Modo usuario:• Mostrar información del router.• Realizar test básicos.

• Modo Privilegiado:• Configurar párametros operativos.

• Modo Configuración:• Configurar rutas, interfaces, etc..

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• Modo usuario– “Proceso de login” --> Router> – Router> logout

• Modo privilegiado– Router> enable --> Router#– Router# disable– Router> quit

Comandos Básicos

• Help• Show• Configure• Write

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Sintaxis de Comandos

• Comandos abreviados:• Se pueden tipear algunos caracteres

– Sh => show

• Deshacer o deshabilitar un comando– router# no comando

• Errores– % Incomplete command– % Invalid input detected at ‘^’ marker

Comando Help• router# help• router# comando_abreviado?

– router# co?– configure connect copy

• Sintaxis– router# comando ?

• router# configure ?– memory– network– terminal– <cr>

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Comando Show

Muestra información del sistemas las interfaces, las rutas, etc.

Ejemplos:- show interface- show version- sh run- sh ip route- sh ip int brief

Router# show ip route

• Router# show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 128.10.1.50 to network 0.0.0.0

128.10.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsS 128.10.3.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2C 128.10.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0

192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 128.10.1.50

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Show interfaces• Router# show interfaces

Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is upHardware is MCI Ethernet, address is 0000.0c00.750c (bia

0000.0c00.750c)Internet address is 131.108.28.8, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 100000 usec, rely 255/255,

load 1/255Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 4:00:00Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:00, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters 0:00:00Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 dropsFive minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

---More---

Modo configuración

• Permite configurar interfaces y rutas.• Entrar al modo configuración:

– Router# configure [terminal]--> Router(config)#

• Salir del modo configuración:– Router(config)# exit --> Router#– Router(config)# CTRL-Z (o end) -->

Router#

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Configuración de Interfaces• Router(config)# interface tipo nbr -->

• Fast ethernet:interface fastethernet 0ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0no shutdown

• Serieinterface serial 0 ip address 192.168.1.1 mask 255.255.255.252no shutdown

Configuración de rutas

• Router(config)#ip route Red destino máscara next_hop

• Configuración de una ruta estática:ip route 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1

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• Verificar la configuración:Router# sh interfaceRouter# sh ip route

• Grabar los cambios– Router# write

• Salir del router– Router# logout

Ping (Cisco)Router# pingProtocol [ip]:Target IP address: 131.108.1.27Repeat count [5]:Datagram size [100]: 1000Timeout in seconds [2]:Extended commands [n]: yesSource address:Type of service [0]:Set DF bit in IP header? [No]: yesData pattern [0xabcd]:Loose, Strict, record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 1000-byte ICMP Echos to 131.108.2.27,

timeout is 2 seconds:M.M.MSuccess rate is 60 percent, round-trip min/avg/max =

4/6/12 ms

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Ping (Cisco) Cont.

Ping test charactersSignificado de cada carácter.

! Each exclamation point indicates receipt of a reply.. Each period indicates the network server timed out while waiting

For a reply.U destination unreachable error PDU received.N network unreachable.P protocol unreachable.Q source quench.M could not fragment.? Unknown packet type.

Trace (Cisco)Router#trace ABA.Nyc.MilType escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to ABA.Nyc.Mil (26.0.0.73)1 debris.Cisco.Com (131.108.1.6) 1000 msec 8 msec 4 msec2 barrnet-gw.Cisco.Com (131.108.16.2) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec3 external-a-gateway.Stanford.Edu (192.42.110.225) 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec4 bb2.Su.Barrnet.Net (131.119.254.6) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec5 su.Arc.Barrnet.Net (131.119.3.8) 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec6 moffett-fld-mb.In.Mil (192.52.195.1) 216 msec 120 msec 132 msec7 aba.Nyc.Mil (26.0.0.73) 412 msec 628 msec 664 msec

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Trace (Cisco) Cont.

Trace test charactersChar meaningNn msec the probe was successfully returned in nn milliseconds.* The probe timed out.? Unknown packet type.Q source quench.P protocol unreachable.N network unreachable.U host unreachable.