Informe Social 2011-Banco General

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@e [ms~hjsekiìlel _hoie` Ma~{mse{ie` ms j}ms|{e h{ae lm ceom{ jmfhoihs*Aås e``å lm ès ijioie|ires ohjo{m|es u}m cmahs ia~`mamj|elh ceom{ ès ohsesoh{{mo|eamj|m sima~{m ohj é|ioe ms|å mj è kesm lm j}ms|{e o}`|}{e oh{~h{e|ire*_ekmahs u}m ‐}j k}mj rmoijh ceom e lim{mjoie‑y u}m hs ~eshs u}m lmahs ~e{esm{ }j mdma~`h mj e ijl}s|{ie jejoim{e shj ia~h{|ej|ms*

Ms|m eõh o}a~ìahs }je léoele lm cekm{jhs ohjrm{|ilh mj è ~{iam{e ma~{mse~ejeamõe {aej|m lm` eo|h F`hke` lm es Jeoihjms ]jiles y j}ms|{h oha~{haishohj m` êo|h ohj|ijôe rifmj|m jh sh`h ~h{u}m j}ms|{es ijioie|ires lm [_M ms|åjeìjmeles ohj s}s ~{ijoi~ihs sijh ~h{u}m ~e{|ioi~eahs eo|ireamj|m ohj è {ml`hoe` lm` êo|h F`hke` _}ae{sm ey}låjlh`hs e ijoh{~h{e{ aås ma~{mses e ms|eh{ae lm ceom{ jmfhoihs*

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J}ms|{h rh`}j|e{ielh oh{~h{e|irh Rmoijhs mj Eooiÿj ohj|ij}ÿ o{moimjlh y ms|m eõh eõeliahs h|{hs |i~hs lm rh`}j|e{ielh o hah m ` amliheakimj|e` èohjs|{}ooiÿj lm oeses y m` ij|m{oeakih lm ohjhoiaimj|hs ohj HJF ~ejeamões*J}ms|{hs aås lm ;6>> rh`}j|e{ihs sif}mj oha~{ham|ilhs e lhje{ s} |ima~h y ms}m{th ~e{e ey}le{ e `hs aås jmomsi|elhs*

Mj m` |mae amliheakimj|e` j}ms|{h _is|mae lm Fms|iÿj lm [imsfh Eakimj|e` y _hoie` ohj|ijôe ~m{mooihjåjlhsm y jhs cith am{momlh{ms e` ^{maih E` K}mjOi}lelejh Oh{~h{e|irh h|h{felh ~h{ è Oåae{e Eam{ioeje lm Oham{oih lmêjeaå* Ms|m ms m` ôjioh ~{maih lm [_M mj|{mfelh mj j}ms|{h ~eás y jhs ``mjelm h{f}``h*

Lm if}e` aejm{e Kejoh Fmjm{e` sm ohjri{|iÿ mj è ~{iam{e ijs|i|}oiÿj jejoim{e~ejeamõe mj ceom{sm Aimak{h _ifje|e{ih lm è Ijioie|ire Bijejoim{e lm`^{hf{eae lm ès Jeoihjms ]jiles ~e{e m` Amlih Eakimj|m* Ms|e ms }je ijioie|ireôjioe lm ohèkh{eoiÿj e jirm` a}jlie` mj|{m ès Jeoihjms ]jiles y m` smo|h{ jejoim{h f`hke` ~e{e lmse{{h`è{ y ~{hahrm{ mjèoms m j|{m e shs|mjikiìlel y m`lmsma~mõh jejoim{h*

AMJ_EDM LM@^[M_ILMJ\M

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Jhs smj|iahs h{f}``hshs lm `hs `hf{hs eòejtelhs ~h{ Kejoh Fmjm{e`~m{h sekmahsu}m |hleráe u}mle a}och ~h{ ceom{* Ohj ms|h mj amj|m ohj|ij}e{mahs msh{tåjlhjhs~e{e aej|mjm{ y amdh{e{ hs ~{hf{eaes mis|mj|ms m ia~`mamj|e{ j}mrhs*

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• Jhs oha~{ham|mahs ohj e oha}jilely ohj m` lmse{{h``h ij|mf{e` lm` ~eás*



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É\IOE MA^[M_E[IE@ Y \[EJ_Ê[MJOIE

M` {}akh u}m cmahs |haelh ohj {ms~mo|h e`|mae lm è [ms~hjsekiìlel _hoie` Ma~{mse{ie`sm kese mj j}ms|{e Risiÿj Aisiÿj y Oÿlifh lmÉ|ioe y Ohjl}o|e }j lho}amj|h u}m {mohfm `hs

re`h{ms y ~{ijoi~ihs u}m {ifmj mj Kejoh Fmjm{e`#m` lho}amj|h oha~`m|h sm ~}mlm rm{ mj vvv*kfmjm{e`*oha)*

Risiÿj e = eõhs lm [ms~hjsekiìlel _hoie` Ma~{mse{ie` _m{ {mohjhoilhs ohah ma~{mse `álm{ mj{ms~hjsekiìlel shoie` m ia~}`sh{e lm }je ~{åo|ioe~m{aejmj|m lm e`|hs ms|åjle{ms é|iohs ohaho{i|m{ih }jleamj|e` mj e |hae lm lmoisihjms*

Aisiÿj lm [ms~hjsekiìlel _hoie` Ma~{mse{ie` _m{ }j efmj|m lm oeakih mmo|irh y ahlm`h e smf}i{ mj e ijl}s|{ie jejoim{e ~h{ amlih lm eooihjms lme`|h ia~eo|h mj es oha}jilelms mj u}m h~m{eahs`hf{ejlh m` oha~{haish y e~hyh lm |hlhs j}ms|{hsf{}~hs lm ij|m{és*

J}ms|{h oha~{haish ohj è [ms~hjsekiìlel _hoie` Ma~{mse{ie`

Fhkim{jh Oh{~h{e|irhFhkim{jh Oh{~h{e|irh ms m` ohjd}j|h lm {mfèsu}m h{lmjej mj h{ae |{ejs~e{mj|m ès {mèoihjms

y m` oha~h{|eaimj|h mj|{m è Fm {mjoie _}~m{ih{ lm` Kejoh s} D}j|e Li{mo|ire s}s eooihjis|es s}slm~hsi|ej|ms y h|{es ~e{|ms ij|m{mseles u}m ~{hl}omj`hs hkdm|irhs ms|{e|éfiohs lm è h{fejiteoiÿj `hsamlihs `hs {mo}{shs y `hs ~{homshs ~e{e eòejte{ liochs hkdm|irhs esá ohah `hs sis|maes lm

rm{ioeoiÿj lm` smf}iaimj|h lm ès {ms~hjsekiì!lelms y ohj|{h`ms oh{{ms~hjlimj|ms e oele jirm` lmè ms|{}o|}{e lm` Kejoh*

Kejoh Fmjm{e` _* E* lmslm ej|ms lm è ~{ha}lm` Eo}m{lh <!;>>5 lm è _}~m{ij|mjlmKejohs ce rmjilh |{ekedejlh ij|mjseams|ek`mom{ ms|{}o|}{es u}m ~m{ai|ej e `Li{mo|ire y e` {ms|h lm è h{fejiteoiÿj }je|{ejs~e{mj|m y ohj ohj|{h`ms ma~{mh{imj|elhs e e o{meoiÿj lm re`h{ e è{fh ~`

@e ms|{}o|}{e o{mele ~e{e m` Fhkim{jh Oh{~sm kese mj è ohh~m{eoiÿj è oha}jioeoi|{ejs~e{mjoie y sm ohjh{ae lm è sif}imj|m

D]J\E LI[MO\IRE

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y ohjhomj e hjlh o}e` ms m` oha~h{|eaimj|hu}m sm ms~m{e lm oele }jh lm m``hs* E jirm` lmoha}jioeoiÿj ij|m{je aej|mjmahs m` |mae lm è

é|ioe ohah ~e{|m ij|mf{e` lm è ohjrm{seoiÿj ohjj}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms e |hlhs `hs jirm`ms* Mj m`;>55 ~h{ mdma~`h ~}kìoeahs smaejeàmj|m{mbmihjms mj e ij|{ejm| lm` kejoh ohj ejéolh|esm cis|h{ies u}m {mse`|e{hj re`h{ms y ~{ijoi~ihs é|iohs*

Oekm lms|eoe{ u}m |hles ès ijioie|ires lm [_M sm{meìtej kedh e f}áe lm` Ohai|é lm [ms~hjsekiìlel_hoie` Ma~{mse{ie` y É|ioe Ma~{mse{ie` ~{msililh~h{ m` ~{msilmj|m lm` kejoh y oha~}ms|h ~h{ ~m{shje` oèrm lm lim{mj|ms å{mes lm e h{fejiteoiÿj*

E |{erés lm` Ohai|é u}m sm {môjm kiamjs}eàmj|msm le smf}iaimj|h e ès ijioie|ires ~{h~}ms|es ~h{ m` å{me lm [_M*

Ohj|eahs |eakiéj ohj }je ~h`á|ioe lm ~}m{|esekim{|es ~e{e lmj}joies lm oeshs lm oh{{}~oiÿj y h{momahs e j}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms }je li{mooiÿjlm oh{{mh mj è u}m ~}mlmj mso{iki{ s}s l}lesu}mdes h shìoi|}lms ohj {ms~mo|h e |maes é|iohs hlm {ms~hjsekiìlel shoie` ma~{mse{ie`*



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Aej|mjmahs }je oha}jioeoiÿj ohjs|ej|m

y ekim{|e ohj j}ms|{hs

eooihjis|es e |{erés lm re{ihs

oeje`ms lm oha}jioeoiÿj*

EOOIHJI_\E_

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rmoijhs lmlioelhs

‐Mj Kejoh Fmjm{e` cm

e~{mjlilh e sm{ri{ e `hs

oìmj|ms, cm e~{mjlilh u}m

`hf{e{ è mom`mjoie ms }j |{ekedh lie{ih y eòejtek`m7

cm e~{mjlilh è ia~h{|ejoie

lm u}m mis|ej ma~{mses

oha~{ham|iles ohj s}

oha}jilel y ohj s} ~eás‑*

Eje Amìsse Etoå{{efe Riom~{msilmj|m Esis|mj|mlm O{éli|h Oh{~h{e|irh

Oha~hsioiÿj lm è b}m{te èkh{e` Kejoh Fmjm{e` k}soe k{ijle{`m e s} ~m{shje`h~h{|}jilelms lm o{moiaimj|h y oeìlel lm rilemj }j eakimj|m lm |{ekedh smf}{h ~{hmsihje` y se`}lek`m* J}ms|{hs aås lm ?;>> ohèkh{elh{ms smlmsmjr}m`rmj mj }je o}`|}{e oh{~h{e|ire keselemj re`h{ms y ~{ijoi~ihs é|iohs u}m `ms ~m{ai|m jh

sh`h sm{ mom`mj|ms ~{hmsihje`ms sijh |eakiéjaimak{hs eo|irhs lm e oh a}jilel* @e ohj|{e|eoiÿj

y elaijis|{eoiÿj lm j}ms|{h {mo}{sh c}aejh ms|åkesele mj ms|{io|hs ~{ijoi~ihs lm if}e`lel lmh~h{|}jilel lhjlm jh sm |h`m{e jijfôj |i~h lmliso{iaijeoiÿj*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

\h|e` lm Ohèkh{elh{ms ?,5>3 ?,;32

A}dm{ms 23- 29-

Chak{ms ?;- ?5-

Ohèkh{elh{ms4 Ohj|{e|h ^m{aejmj|m ?,>65 ?,;<3

Ohèkh{elh{ms4 Ohj|{e|h \ma~h{e` ?6 ?3

Ohèkh{elh{ms ! êjeaå ?,>52 ?,56;

Ohèkh{elh{ms ! Ohs|e [ioe 26 39

Ohèkh{elh{ms ! [mfiÿj #Aéioh, F}e|maeè, M` _e`relh{ y Oh`hakie) ;= ;=

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

^m{shje` mre`}elh ;,<2? ;,2<2

- mre`}elh lm` |h|e` lm e ~hkèoiÿj 3;- 32-

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Ohèkh{elh{ms e|mjlilhs > ;,=;=

Ohèkh{elh{ms ohj ~{msiÿj jh{ae` ! 3>-

Ohèkh{elh{ms ohj ~{msiÿj e`|e ! 5?-

Ohèkh{elh{ms ohj ~{msiÿj kede ! 6-

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

Ájliom lm [h|eoiÿj 6*;- 6*2-

ê{|i oi~eoiÿj mj es } |i i lelms ~e{e hs oh ekh{elh{ms 5?,>?3,939 52,56<,52=

\{ejsbm{mjoies ~h{ ~hsioiÿj 566 59?

[M@EOIßJ LM _E@E[IH ^[HAMLIH MJ\[M FÉJM[H_

_eè{ih amjs}e` ~{hamlih lm` ~m{shje` mamjijh 5,<5? 5,<??

_eè{ih amjs}e` ~{hamlih lm` ~m{shje` aeso}ìjh 5,2>5 5,23;

Re{ieoiÿj amjs}e` ,523 ;<9

Ohèkh{elh{ms u}m |{ekedej dh{jele oha~`m|e 5>>- 5>>-

[M@EOIßJ LM _E@E[IH AÁJIAH MJ EJEAÅ

_eè{ih aájiah ~efelh Kejoh Fmjm{e`, _*E <=> <=>

_eè{ih aájiah lm e [m~ôkìoe lm ejeaå ,<52 ,<52

- ~efelh ~h{ mjoiae lm` seè{ih aájiah mfe` 3- 3-

Mre`}eoiÿj lm` Lmsma~mõhLeahs e j}ms|{h ~m{shje` è lmkile {m|{heìamj|eoiÿj shk{m s} lmsma~mõhf}iåjlh`hs ceoie }j amdh{eaimj|h ohj|ij}h mj s} rile ~{hmsihje`*

_e`}l kimjms|e{ y oeìlel lm rile J}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms sm rmj kmjmoielhs ~h{ }j smf}{h aélioh oha~`m|hu}m m` kejoh s}ksilie e` 5>>-* M` aisah ijo`}ym ~ÿìte lm chs~i|eìteoiÿj~ÿìte lm rile y ~ÿìte lm oåjom{ y m` 93- lm` ~m{shje` ms|å esmf}{elh*

Jhs ~{mho}~eahs ~h{ ey}le{ e j}ms|{h ~m{shje` ohj è ~{mrmjoiÿj lmmjm{amlelms sm{ies* Mj m` ;>55 ijioieahs j}ms|{h {hf{eae lm O}ilelh lm e

_e`}l ohj eo|irilelms ohah |hae lm ~{msiÿj f{e|}i|e e |hlh m` ~m{shje` ~e{eey}le{ e lm|mo|e{ ~{hk`maes lm ci~m{|mjsiÿj y h|{hs*

OH@EKH[ELH[M_AI[EJLH CEOIE ELMJ\[H4

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

Lm if}e` h{ae mj ohjd}j|h ohj Mai êjeaå sm``mre{hj e oekh 5> smsihjms lm Oi{o}i|h _e`}lek`mmjlhjlm sm {meìte{hj es sif}imj|ms ~{}mkes4 re`h{eoiÿjoe{lihreso}è{ #|hae lm ~{msiÿj e{|m{ie` {mo}mjoieoe{láeoe y m`mo|{hoe{lihf{eae) f`}oham|{áe #jirm`lm etôoe{ mj è sejf{m) ájliom lm aese oh{~h{e`#mre`}eoiÿj lm ~msh ohj {ms~mo|h e è |e`è)*

IJLIOELH[OI[O]I\H _E@]LEK@M ;>5> ;>55

Ohèkh{elh{ms e|mjlilhs ! ?;>

IJLIOELH[ÊU]M\M LM FIAJE_IH ;>5> ;>55

Ohèkh{elh{ms e|mjlilhs ! ;;

Ijrm{siÿj ! 5;,33>

H{momahs elmaås e j}ms|{h ~m{shje` mdmo}|irh}j ~eu}m|m ms~moie` lm fiajesih mj|{mjelh{ ~m{shje` y esmsh{eaimj|h j}|{ioihje`* M` kejoh

o}k{m m` =>- lm` ohs|h*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

@ifesLm~h{|ires

@ifes Ij|m{jes #Khè s}erm, bô|kh`,rh`mikh`, ke`hjoms|h, kh`hs, ki`è{)

ê{|ioi~eoihjms 35> 359

Ijrm{siÿj 59,?=2 ;<,6=5*=<

@ifes Ij|m{kejoe{ies y M|m{jesê{|ioi~eoihjms 5>2 9>

Ijrm{siÿj 5<,?5? 6,6<5*3<

@ife Ijbej|i` ‟ ~e{e cidhs lm

ohèkh{elh{ms

ê{|ioi~eoihjms 5>> 39

Ijrm{siÿj ?,2<9*2? ?,263*35Oe{{m{e lm oey}ohs Ijrm{siÿj J(E ?,2>5*??

Oce{ès lm Lmse{{h``h Ij|mf{e` 5ê{|ioi~eoihjms 62< 33?

Ijrm{siÿj 56,<2> 56,5=>

Ijrm{siÿj mj Eo|irilelms Re{ies ; ?2=,955 ?<2,39?*<?

[mris|e Ij|m{je ? =5,2<> =>,3<?*535 @hs |maes u}m hb{moiahs b}m{hj `hs sif}imj|ms4 \{es|h{jhs msohè{ms, è ~{msiÿj e{|m{ie` y è liekm|ms, m` e{|m lm {ms~i{e{, m` oìae|m{ih, keèjom mj|{m èsms|es lm j lm eõh y è ohaile, lisoi~ìje ~hsi|ire, `hf{ejlh {mèoihjms m|{eh{lije{ies, iaefmj y o}ilelh lm` oekm``h, m` lmkm{ sm{, o}ilelh lm` o}|is yaeu}i`èdm, ~{mrmjoiÿj lm` oåjom{ lm aeae, ~{iam{hs e}iìhs ijbej|i`ms y o}ilelh lm `hs hoéejhs* ; D}kièoihjms, Bims|e lm Jerilel, Mjo}ms|e lm Oìae H{fejiteoihje`, Mj|{mfe lm ef}ije`lh, Om`mk{eoiÿj lm` Ma~`melh Lis|ijf}ilh*? M` ~e~m` }|iìtelh ~e{e è {mris|e ia~{mse ms ?>- lm k{e {moioèle*

Ah|ireoiÿj y {mohjhoiaimj|hsOhah |hlhs hs eõhs mj m` ;>55 {mohjhoiahs e j}ms|{h Ma~`melh Lis|ijf}ilhFèlys ^m|i| ohah }je aejm{e lm me`|e{ e è ~m{shje u}m rirm `hs re`h{ms lm èma~{mse e lie{ih*Lm è aisae h{ae {mohjhoiahs e eu}m``hs ohèkh{elh{ms u}mo}a~ìm{hj ejirm{se{ihs ms~moie`ms lm |{ekede{ mj è h{fejiteoiÿj*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

Lmsey}jhs ohj m` Fm{mj|m Fmjm{e` ? 6

Ohèkh{elh{ms e|mjlilhs ?; 66

Lmsey}jhs ohj m` ^{msilmj|m lm è D}j|e Li{mo|ire ;= <>

Ohèkh{elh{ms e|mjlilhs ;<9 <5>

ê{e aej|mjm{ m` ohj|eo|h li{mo|h mj|{m m` ~ y è e`|e li{mo|ire y fm{mjoie m` ^{msilmj| D}j|e Li{mo|ire y m` Fm{mj|m Fmjm{e` ohj|{meìtejlh lmsey}jhs smaeje`ms ohj ohèkhlm lim{mj|ms å{mes lm è h{fejiteoiÿj* M{m}jihjms sm k{ijlej s}fm{mjoies ilmeoha~e{|m e risiÿj lm e ma~{mse*

J]M_\

\eakiéj ohj|{ik}iahs e è se`}l ásioe y mahoihje`lm j}ms|{h {mo}{sh c}aejh h{moiéjlh`ms h~h{|}!jilelms lm ms~e{oiaimj|h y mdm{oioih ásioh* Lm èaisae aejm{e mj j}ms|{h ~{hf{eae lm Lmse{{h``hIj|mf{e`k{ijleahs ml}oeoiÿj y h{aeoiÿj mj o}ej|he |maes lm se`}l y ~{hahrmahs è ~{mrmjoiÿj lmmjm{amlelms f{erms*

IJLIOELH[

OMJE LM[MOHJHOIAIMJ\H ;>5> ;>55

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Ohèkh{elh{ms ohj4

5> eõhs 62 22

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;= eõhs <5 =?

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?= eõhs 5 ;

<> eõhs ! !

<= eõhs ! !



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

\h|e` lm oe~eoi|eoihjms 95< 699

\h|e` lm ~e{|ioi~eoihjms 56,=99 52,>5>

\h|e` lm ch{es lm l}{eoiÿj lm es oe~eoi|eoihjms 5=3,?>; 53;,>53

\h|e` ijrm{|ilh 9;9,9;2 5,>6>,=2?

Ohekh{elh{ms oe~eoi|elhs mj |maes { m eo ihjelhs e e ej| i!oh{{}~oiÿj 5 ,>;5 ;,2?5

Ijrm{siÿj |h|e` ~h{ ohèkh{elh{ ?>? ??>

\h|e` lm ch{es ~h{ ohèkh{elh{ 9 55*?

Jôam{h lm smsihjms ~h{ láe ? ?

Jôam{h lm ohèkh{elh{ms ~h{ smsiÿj 59 ;>

Ohs|h ~h{ ch{e ia~e{|ile ,< ?*=>

Ohs|h ~{hamlih ~h{ smsiÿj 659 ,3>;

M` Kejoh elmaås h{mom e s}s ohèkh{elh{mslmso}mj|hs lmslm m` ;- ces|e m` =>- mj ~{hf{eaeslm ìomjoie|}{e ~hsf{elhs y aems|{áes mj 5?}jirm{silelms hoe`ms*

^{hf{eae lm _}ksilih Eìamj|ioihLmkilh e` ijo{mamj|h lm` ohs|h lm e oejes|e kåsioemj j}ms|{h ~eás e ~e{|i{ lm` ;>>3 Kejoh Fmjm{eìa~`mamj|ÿ m` ^{hf{eae lm _}ksilih Eìamj|ioih}j sis|mae lm re`ms lm eìamj|eoiÿj ohj re`h{ lm,2>*>> amjs}e`ms u}m e ~e{|i{ lm ae{th lm` ;>55sm ahlioÿ e ,6=*>> amjs}e`ms* Ms|h sm ~{hrmme |hlh m` ~m{shje` ~m{aejmj|m elaijis|{e|irh y ms~moieìs|e mj êjeaå ohj }j seè{ih amjs}e` lm,5;>> h amjhs*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

\h|e` lmohèkh{elh{mskmjmboielhs

;,>;; ;,;>6

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Oe~eoi|eoiÿj y lmse{{h``h ~{hbmsihje`4 ]jirm{silel Oh{~h{e|ire Kejoh Fmjm{e` @e ]jirm{silel Oh{~h{e|ire Kejoh Fmjm{e` ms }j omj|{h lm h{aeoiÿj lhjlm `m k{ijleahs e j}ms|{h~m{shje` e h~h{|}jilel lm m~ejli{ s}s ohjhoiaimj|hs y o{mom{ ohah ~{hmsihje`ms* @hs ~{hf{eaes lm e]OKF ijo`}ymj |maes lm lmse{{h``h fm{mjoie` rmj|es sm{rioih e` oìmj|m |mojh`hfáe ìlm{etfh fms|iÿj lm~{hymo|hs ijf`és mj|{m h|{hs*

rmoijhs e|mjlilhs

‐_hy oìmj|m lm Kejoh Fmjm{e` ~h{ s} mom`mj|m

ij{ems|{}o|}{e lm

s}o}{se`ms y k}mj sm{rioih‑*

H`fe _eèke{{áe lm _åjocmtOìmj|m

O@IMJ\M_

M` ;>55 ce silh }j eõh lm f{ej o{moiaimj|h mjo}ej|h e e oej|ilel lm oìmj|ms u}m e|mjlmahs* E`?5 lm lioimak{m lm ;>55 ohj|eahs ohj =;===5oìmj|ms }j o{moiaimj|h lm` 5>*;6- oha~e{elh eèõh ej|m{ih{*

_m{rioih e` Oìmj|m@e se|iseooiÿj lm j}ms|{hs oìmj|ms ms j}ms|{e~{ih{ilel* ^h{ m``h amliahs ~m{iÿlioeamj|m èse|iseooiÿj lm` oìmj|m e |{erés lm mjo}ms|es e}m{elm j}ms|{es s}o}{se`ms*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

M~m{imjoie mj fmjm{eòhah oìmj|m lm` kejoh <*<(= <*=(=

Oha}jioeoiÿj ohj j}ms|{hs oìmj|m_ekmahs u}m ms ia~h{|ej|m aej|mjm{ ekim{|hs lm oha}jioeoiÿj ohj j}ms|{hs ~h{ `h u}m `ms h{momahs lim{mj|ms aejoha}jioe{sm ohj jhsh|{hs* Ms|hs ijo`}ymj4 •K} thjmslms}fm{mjoiesmjèss}o}{se`ms

•K} tÿjmjj}ms|{hsi|ihvmkvvv*kfmjm

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m`mo|{ÿjiohs shk{m j}ms|{hs sm{rioihs

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•[ml msshoie`ms

Ohah `h ijlioej ès {mf}èoihjms kejoj}ms|{h Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e ~{he` oìmj|m ohj |hle è ijh{aeoiÿj shk{m j~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs e` ahamj|h lm h{

Elmaås |hles es |eses oe{fhs y ohaisihjms lj}ms|{hs ~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs ms|åj ~}kìoj}ms|{h si|ih vmk vvv*kfmjm{e *oha*



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

Aejmdh lm shìoi|}lms y {moèahsOhj|eahs ohj }j mu}i~h lm ~{hmsihje`ms lmlioelhs e amdh{e{ m` sm{rioihohj|ij}eamj|m y e|mjlm{ ès shìoi|}lms y {moèahs lm j}ms|{hs oìmj|ms lmh{ae {å~ile* M` hkdm|irh lm è h{fejiteoiÿj ms sh`}oihje{`m e` oìmj|m mj }j~{hamlih lm = láes aej|mjimjlh m` o}a~ìaimj|h lm hs eo}m{lhs lm sm{rioihms|ek`moilhs*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

Oeshs o{melhs 5=<,322 ;>6,?<9

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O ha} ji oe oiÿj m j m` |i ma~ h ~e o|e lh 3 6- 39 -

\ima ~h lm o ha} ji oe oiÿj e ` o im j| m 5 l áe 5 l áe

\ima~h~{hamlihlm}joesh ? láes ? láes

$Jh|e4 _ÿ`h ijo`}ym ès oha}jioeoihjms ráe |m`mbÿjioe y(h oh{{mh m`mo|{ÿjioh*

Oeshs m`mrelhs e mj|ilelms {mf}èlh{esMj m` ;>55 sm ij|m{~}sim{hj }j |h|e` 52 u}mdes ej|m mj|ilelms {mf}èlh{es* Lm=;===5 oìmj|ms ms|h {m~{msmj|e }j >*>>?-* M` ohs|m lm es a}`|es ij|m{~}ms|es~h{ mj|ilelms {mf}èlh{es esomjliÿ e ,;>>>*>> #lhs ai` lÿè{ms ohj >>(5>>)*Oekm lms|eoe{ u}m jijfôj {moèah ij|m{~}ms|h mj m` ;>55 ej|m mj|ilelms{mf}è|h{ies |}rh }jleamj|elh mj |h{jh e` |mae lm {ms~m|h e è ~{ireoilel

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Fms|ihjms mj m` ;>55 oh{{ms~hjlimj|ms e eõhs ej|m{ih{ms

#;>>9 ‟ ;>5>)

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y aisiÿj lm` kejoh* E}jelh e ms|h Kejoh Fmjm{e`jh sm ej}joie e |{erés lm amlihs h ~{hf{eaes u}mjh reyej eoh{lm e j}ms|{hs re`h{ms*

Oeshs m`mrelhs mj m` ;>55

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

rmoijhs sm{rioie`ms

‐^{hrmmahs e Kejoh Fmjm{e`

~{hl}o|hs lm è aås e`|e oeìlel, ~e{e lm`mi|m lm

s}s oìmj|ms‑*

Ae{om`h Oes|i``h^{hl}o|hs @iì, _*E*

^h`á|ioes ~e{e msohfmjoie lm ~{hrmmlh{msKejoh Fmjm{e` o}mj|e ohj aås lm 5=>> ~{hrmmlh{ms u}m jhs ~{ms|ejia~h{|ej|ms sm{rioihs* J}ms|{hs ~{hrmmlh{ms shj sm`mooihjelhs lm h{ae d}s|emj kesm e s} sh`rmjoie ah{e` {mm{mjoies oham{oie`ms y ~m{shje`ms ~{hkileloeìlel lm sm{rioih y {moi~{hoilel ohj m` kejoh* Mj j}ms|{h Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e sm lm|e`èj es jh{aes u}m f}áej j}ms|{e {mèoiÿj ohj m``hs* Ohj|eahselmaås ohj }je ~h`á|ioe lm ~efe{`ms mj }j ~{hamlih lm 5= láes*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

Oej|ilel lm ~{hrmmlh{ms 5,2>2 5,=?5

^m{ihlh ~{hamlih lm ~efh 5= láes 5= láes

\h|e` lmsmakh`selh mj ~efh e ~{hrmmlh{ms 2=,=??,=26 62,?29,2;>

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

Oe{|es mjrieles e ~{hrmmlh{ms 3= 2>

^[HRMMLH[M_

Eìjmeoiÿj mj è Oelmje lm Re`h{ Mj m` ;>55 ohj|ij}eahs mjriejlh }je oha}jioeoiÿj h{ae` e j}ms|{hs~{hrmmlh{ms låjlh`ms e ohjhom{ j}ms|{es ~h`á|ioes ~e{e ceom{ jmfhoihs ohj|m{om{hs* Mj ms|e oha}jioeoiÿj sm lm|e`èj |maes lm |{ejs~e{mjoie ij|mf{ilelo}a~ìaimj|h lm è `my lm{mochs c}aejhs y m` {ms~m|h e è ~{h~imlelij|m`mo|}e` mj|{m h|{hs*

E~hyh e `hs amliejhs

y ~mu}mõhs ~{hrmmlh{ms^h{ smf}jlh eõh ohjsmo}|irh ~e{|ioi~eahs mj m`^{hymo|h Oelmje lm Re`h{ _hoieàmj|m [ms~hjsek`m{ms~e`lelh ~h{ è {ml `hoe` lm` êo|h F`hke`_}ae{sm y m` Omj|{h Jeoihje` lm Oha~m|i|irilel*ê{e ms|m ~{hymo|h u}m |}rh }j ohs|h lm ,5=>>>msohfiahs e oijoh ma~{mses ~mu}mões y amliejes~{hrmmlh{ms lm Kejoh Fmjm{e` ~e{e k{ijle{`ms}je ohjs}`|h{áe f{e|}i|e ~h{ }j eõh ~e{e amdh{e{ s}s ~{homshs ijo{mamj|e{ s} oha~m|i|irilel y ey}le{`hs e sm{ aås shoieàmj|m {ms~hjsek`ms* E esma~{mses sm `ms {meìte }j liefjÿs|ioh kesåjlhsmmj ijlioelh{ms lm [_M y sm `ms h{momj |e``m{ms y oe~eoi|eoiÿj ~m{shjeìtele*

_m ms k{ijlÿ esmsh{áe mj hs sif}imj|ms |maes4

•Lm se{{h``hlmaisiÿj,risiÿjyre`h{ms

•_mf}{ilelyse`}lho}~eoihje`

•[_M mjès{mèoihjmsohjohèkh{elh{ms,

~{hrmmlh{ms oìmj|ms y m` ohjs}ailh{ •[ms~hjsekiìlele|{eréslmeooihjmsshoie`ms

y oha}ji|e{ies

^[HR



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

rmoijhs oha~{ham|ilhs

‐ê{e aá ohjsm{re{ m` amlih

eakimj|m ms fe{ej|ite{ u}m

ès }|}{es fmjm{eoihjms|mjfej eoomsh e ~hlm{

lis{}|e{ lm ès aisaes

khjlelms u}m jhs h{mom

è je|}{e`mte chy mj láe,

ohjsm{re{ m` amlih eakimj|m

ms o}ile{ è rile c}aeje‑*

Oe{`hs [iresHoie` lm [imsfh

Kejoh Fmjm{e` ms|å oha~{ham|ilh ohj m` lmse{{h``hshs|mjik`m lm j}ms|{h ~eás m` }sh {ms~hjsek`m lm`hs {mo}{shs je|}{e`ms y è ohjsm{reoiÿj lm` amliheakimj|m* Ohah ijs|i|}oiÿj jejoim{e {ms~hjsek`mk}soeahs jejoie{ ~{hymo|hs u}m |eakiéj smej{ms~hjsek`ms ohj m` eakimj|m y è shoimlelai|ife{ j}ms|{e c}m`è eakimj|e` m ijs~i{e{ y ml}oe{ ~e{e u}m h|{hs eo|ômj lm è aisae aejm{e*

J}ms|{e ~h`á|ioe amliheakimj|e` lm|e`èle mjm` Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e m~{mse u}m4‐{ms~e`leahs |hles eu}m`ès eooihjms u}m k}soejm` }sh {eoihje` lm `hs {mo}{shs je|}{e`ms e j}ms|{elis~hsioiÿj7 k}soeahs mj |hlh ahamj|h èohjsm{reoiÿj lm` amlih eakimj|m‑*

A M L I H EAKIMJ\M

M` ~{homsh ~e{e mre`}e{ y ohj|{hè{ hs {imsfhs amliheakimj|e`ms mj ms|es ájmeslm jmfhoihs sm lm|e`èj e ohj|ij}eoiÿj4 • M`hoie`lm`å{melmjmfho ihreìleu}mèeo|iri lellmòìmj|m jhsmmjo}mj|{m

lmj|{h lm e @is|e lm Mo`}siÿj lm` Kejoh*•_mreìlesièeo|irileleèu}msmlmlioemòìmj|mms|ålmj|{hlmè@is|e

\ee|ire lm e jh{ae|ire eakimj|e` rifmj|m lm` ~eás lhjlm h~m{m* Mj oesh lmms|e{ lmj|{h lm` ìs|elh shìoi|e e` oìmj|m |hle è ijh{aeoiÿj eakimj|e` y shoie` ~{h~h{oihjele e e e}|h{ilel eakimj|e` {ms~mo|ire*

•M` hoie lm å{me lm jmfhoih ohjbmooihje m` Bh{a} e{ih lm [imsfhs Eakimj|e`ms y _hoie`ms #BM[E_) cm{{eaimj|e u}m ey}le e mre`}e{ m` {imsfheakimj|e` y shoie` lm` oìmj|m*

•M`lm~e{|eamj|hlm[imsfhrm{ioeèijbh{aeoiÿjeakimj|e`~{h~h{oihjele ~h{ m` hoie` ijrms|ife fmjm{e {mohamjleoihjms |haejlh ohah ~}j|h lm{mm{mjoie es F}áes lm K}mjes {åo|ioes lm` IBO y jeàmj|m le smf}iaimj|h

y esmsh{áe e` oìmj|m ~e{e amdh{e{ s}s ~{homshs*

Mj m` ;>55 `hf{eahs ia~h{|ej|ms erejomsmj `hs ~{és|eahs u}m ~ese{hj ~h{ m` sis|mae4

_MO\H[M_ AHJ\H E^[HKELH#AI@M_ ]_L)

^H[OMJ\EDM LM@H_ AHJ\H_ LM

^[É_\EAH_ E[E M@ ^M[ÁHLH

JÔAM[H LM^[É_\EAH_

E^[HKELH_ Ê[E M@ ^M[IHLH

^[HAMLIH LM @H_AHJ\H_ Ê[E M_\M ^M[ÁHLH#AI@M_ LM ]_L)

\I^H_ LM _M[RIH _]K!_MO\H[

Ohjs|{}ooiÿj <<?,9<? ?9*2>- =< 3,;;5Lmse{{h``h lm ~{hy{msilmjoie`ms yoham{oie`ms, ohj|{

Ijl}s|{ie

#êjeaå)?=6,<;3 ?5*33- 569 5,996

Ahìjm{áe, ~{homsey lis|{ik}oiÿj lmeìamj|hs, omamj|oham{oih, ae|m{ielm ohjs|{}ooiÿj, ~~{hl}o|hs ~`ås|ioh

#[mfiÿj)565,>66 5=*;2- <5 <,56;

Oham{oieìteoiÿj lbm{|iìtej|ms, oebé,eàeomjeaimj|h lf{ejhs, oham{oih ~imtes ~e{e e}|habek{ioeoiÿj lm mjr

lm am|e`, bek{ioeoomamj|h, mèkh{eoetôoe{ y eòhch`

Mjm{fáe 2?,5>> =*2?- = 5;,2;>Fmjm{eoiÿj y lis|{lm m`mo|{ioilel

H|{hs 3=,=>> 6*2?- ? ;3,=>> E}|h~is|e, kejoh

\h|e` 55;5><3 5>>- ;3;

Kejoe _hs|mjik`m4 _is|mae lm Fms|iÿj lm [imsfh Eakimj|e` y _hoie` L}{ej|m m` ;>55Kejoh Fmjm{e` ohj|ij}ÿ e~ìoejlh

y m~ejlimjlh m` _is|mae lm Fms|iÿj lm [imsfh Eakimj|e` y _hoie` #_FE_)* Ms|m sis|mae rmè ~h{u}mj}ms|{es lmoisihjms lm o{éli|h ohjsilm{mj eo|h{mslm {imsfh eakimj|e` y shoie` mj|{m `hs ~}j|hskåsiohs lm ejåìsis lm oele ~{h~}ms|e o{mli|ioie* _}

e~ìoeoiÿj ohjsis|m mj rm{ioe{ m` o}a~ìaimj|hlm {mf}èoihjms eakimj|e`ms oh{{ms~hjlimj|msijomj|ire{ e j}ms|{hs oìmj|ms e ~{mrmji{ y ai|ife{ `hs {imsfhs eakimj|e`ms y shoie`ms y ohjrm{se{ ohjm``hs shk{m s}s ia~eo|hs* M` sis|mae sm e~ìoe e èså{mes lm O{éli|h Oh{~h{e|irh O{éli|h Oham{oie`Kejoe Ij|m{jeoihje` Kejoe lm Ijrm{siÿj y O{éli|hCi~h|moe{ih [msilmjoie`*

AMLIH



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

Jhs mjh{f}``mom {m~h{|e{ u}m m` _FE_ jhs citham{momlh{ms lm` ^{maih e` K}mj Oi}lelejhOh{~h{e|irh ;>55 h|h{felh ~h{ è Oåae{e

Eam{ioeje lm Oham{oih lm êjeaå # EaOcea)}j {mohjhoiaimj|h o}yh hkdm|irh ms ~{maie{ e ma~{mses aimak{hs lm Eaocea ~h{ ~{åo|ioes lms|eoeles lm [ms~hjsekiìlel _hoie`Ma~{mse{ie`* ^hlmahs {m~h{|e{ |eakiéj u}m mj m` ams lmho|}k{m lm ;>55 Kejoh Fmjm{e` sm ohjri{|iÿmj è ~{iam{e ijs|i|}oiÿj jejoim{e ~ejeamõemj ceom{sm Aimak{h _ifje|e{ih lm è Ijioie|ireBijejoim{e lm` ^{hf{eae lm ès Jeoihjms ]jiles~e{e m` Amlih Eakimj|m #]JM^ BI ~h{ s}s sifèsmj ijf`és)* ]JM^ BI ms }je ijioie|ire ôjioe lm

ohèkh{eoiÿj e jirm` a}jlie` mj|{m ès Jeoihjms]jiles y m` smo|h{ jejoim{h f`hke`* _} aisiÿjms ilmj|ioe{ y ~{hahrm{ è elh~oiÿj lm amdh{ms~{åo|ioes eakimj|e`ms y lm shs|mjikiìlel mj |hlhs`hs jirm`ms lm ès h~m{eoihjms lm ijs|i|}oihjmsjejoim{es*

@e {ae rh`}j|e{ie lm ms|m lho}amj|h mj m` u}mKejoh Fmjm{e` sm oha~{ham|m e |{ekede{ ~h{ `hs~{ijoi~ihs lm e eìejte ms a}ms|{e lm` oha~{haishu}m |imjm m` Kejoh ohj ms|m |mae* Ohah ma~{mse{aej|m lm` êo|h F`hke` lm ès Jeoihjms ]jilesKejoh Fmjm{e` k}soe ilmj|ioe{ ès amdh{ms~{åo|ioes mj m` smo|h{ y sm{ `álm{ e~ìoejlh ms|hs~{ijoi~ihs*

Elmaås mj m` ;>55 Kejoh Fmjm{e` ~e{|ioi~ÿ ohahm~hsi|h{ mj e Ohjm{mjoie lm es Jeoihjms ]jilesshk{m oeakih oìaå|ioh {meìtele mj ejeaå lm` ;=lm sm~|imak{m e` 6 lm ho|}k{m ohah oesh lm éi|hlm e Kejoe Oham{oie` ~e{e ia~}`se{ }je mohjhaáekede mj oe{khjh*

\eakiéj {meìteahs d}j|h e` ]JM^ BI }j \e``m{ Erejtelh lm [imsfhs Eakimj|e`ms y _hoie`ms mjêjeaå lhjlm ~e{|ioi~e{hj ia~h{|ej|ms kejohs

lm è ~ète `hoe` ~e{e f}ie{`hs y esmsh{e{`ms mj èia~`mamj|eoiÿj lm ms|m |i~h lm sis|mae mj s}sijs|i|}oihjms jejoim{es*

Ms ia~h{|ej|m amjoihje{ u}m l}{ej|m m`;>55 Kejoh Fmjm{e` jh ijo}{{iÿ mj jijfôjijo}a~ìaimj|h lm es jh{aes h myms eakimj|e`msji ce |mjilh u}m mj{mj|e{ sejoihjms* Elmaåsjijf}je lm j}ms|{es ijs|eèoihjms ms|å }kioelelmj|{h lm ms~eoihs je|}{e`ms ~{h|mfilhs h lm å{meslm e`|e kihlirm{silel jh ~{h|mfiles*

IJRM[_IHJM_ ;>55 E[E ECH[[H MJM[FÉ\IOH

\I^H _]O][_E@ OH_\H LM\E@@M_ ELIOIHJE@M_

[mma~èth lm fes {mb{ifm{ej|mlm` sis|mae lm ei{m eohjlioihjelh~h{ Mohb{mmtm*

Ce|h ij|elh ?,255*;=

[mma~èth lm mu}i~hs lm ei{meohjlioihjelh ~h{ cekm{ ``mfelhe` je` lm s} rile ô|i`, }|iìtejlhech{e j}mrh fes [!<5>*

Ráe ^h{{es 5;,3;2*>> 5= \hjmèles

[áh Ekedh 5?,=>>*>> 5= \hjmèles

Leril ;3,;59*55 ?> \hjmèles #}j mu}i~h lmh|{h lm 5>\)

^ ete Oÿ{lhke 5< ,<<= *>> 5= \hjm eles

D}s|h E{hsmamje 59,;2>*>>

5= \hjmèles #``mreke hk{e~e{e ms|{}o|}{e lm sh~h{|m)Ohj|{e|elh ;>557 mdmo}oiÿohjo`}i{ mj ;>5;*

Erm* O}ke 93,>>>*>>

[mma~èth ~e{oie` lm mu}iei{m #ohjlmjselh{es) y {mmalm fes ~h{ fes Mohb{mmtm*Ohj|{e|elh ;>55* Mj mdmo}

Ijs|eèoiÿj lm rå`r}ès lm ohj|{h`,oh`hoeoiÿj lm ohj|{hèlh{ms lm|m{ahs|e|hs lm` sis|mae lm ei{meohjlioihjelh m ijs|eèoiÿj lmmu}i~h ~e{e s}aijis|{h lm ei{mb{msoh*

KF Re h{ms 62 ,25< *>> Ohj|{e|elh ;>55* Mj m dmo}

Ohj|{hèlh{ms ae{oe Chjmyvm``~e{e |m{ahs|e|hs y mjomlilhlm hs sis|maes lm ei{meohjlioihjelh*

Mlioih ète KF ?5,=;;*;> Ohj|{e|elh ;>55* Mj mdmo}

Ohj|{hèlh{ ae{oe Vh{`ls|el~e{e mjomlilh lm` sis|mae lm ei{meohjlioihjelh*

E`|hs lm êjeaå ?,;5>*>>

Lis~hsi|irhs lm ech{{h mjm{fé|ioh]@\[E ijs|eèlhs mj m` |ek`m{hm`éo|{ioh ~{ijoi~e` lm` mlioih*

E`k{hhg ;,932*<3 Ahlm h ]O!=>

Erm* Omj|{e` ;,932*<3 Ahlm`h ]O!=>

Ohs|e lm` Ms|m <,63=*<6 Ahlm h ]O!=> ' ]O!?>

Ri`è @}o{m =,3?9*9> Ahlm`h ]O!5>>

\h|e` ?56, 3>=*39

Ai|ifejlh j}ms|{e c}m`è eakimj|e`

[ml}ooiÿjMJM[FÁE Mj m` ams lm ek{i` lm ;>55 Kejoh Fmjm{e` èjtÿ }je Oea~eõe lm Ech{{h Mjm{fé|ioh e jirm` ij|m{m` hkdm|irh lm {ml}oi{ }j 6- m` ohjs}ah mjm{fé|ioh e jirm` f`hke` e je` lm eõh* Ms|e oea~eõe |oha~hjmj|ms4 ~h{ }j èlh è ijrm{siÿj mj lis~hsi|irhs lm ech{{h mjm{fé|ioh y mu}i~hs moimj|ms h|{h e ml}oeoiÿj ~e{e ahlioe{ m` oha~h{|eaimj|h lm `hs ohèkh{elh{ms*

AMLIH



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

Elmaås lm ès ijrm{sihjms ~e{e eòejte{ m` hkdm|irh sm ahji|h{mÿ lm|e` eleamj|mm` ohjs}ah mj oele mlioih y s}o}{se` y sm oha}jioÿ amjs}eàmj|m e |hlhm` ~m{shje` ml}oåjlh`hs shk{m ès aejm{es lm ech{{e{ mjm{fáe* Elmaåssm {m~e{|im{hj m|iu}m|es elcmsires ohj è ~eèk{e ¥e~åfeam% ~e{e ~mfe{ mj ahji|h{ms è~|h~s m ij|m{{}~|h{ms {moh{lejlh e `hs ohèkh{elh{ms èia~h{|ejoie lm }|iìte{ è mjm{fáe m`éo|{ioe lm aejm{e {ms~hjsek`m* ^hlmahs{mse`|e{ hs sif}imj|ms {ms}`|elhs4

AM_ OHJ_]AH AE[TH$$ OHJ_]AH AM_$OH[[IMJ\M

- LM [ML]OOIßJ

GVC GVC

Ek{i` 5,;;=,??? 5,;55,9>2 !5-

Aeyh 5,;;=,??? 5,;23,>23 '?-

D}jih 5,;;=,??? 5,593,65? !;-

D}ìh 5,;;=,??? 5,532,362 !?-

Efhs|h 5,;;=,??? 5,5?6,26> !6-

_m~|imak{m 5,;;=,??? 5,526,5?? !=-

Ho|}k{m 5,;;=,??? 5,5<2,3<3 !2-

Jhrimak{m 5,;;=,??? 5,526,5>5 !=-

Lioimak{m 5,;;=,??? 5,596,>>< !;-

$GVC ohjs}ailhs mj }j ~m{áhlh lm ?> láes*$$@e oea~eõe lm ech{{h mjm{fé|ioh sm ijioiÿ mj m` ams lm ek{i` ;>55, ~h{ `hu}m m` ohjs}ah lm oele ams sm ailiÿ mj {mèoiÿj e` ams lm ae{th ;>55*

E}jelh e ms|h ohj|ij}eahs ohj j}ms|{e ~h`á|ioe lm jh mjomjlm{ j}ms|{hs`m|{m{hs mj ès jhocms mom~|h ès s}o}{se`ms lm ch{e{ih m|mjlilh ces|e ès64>> ~*a* #`hs o}e`ms sm e~efej e ès 64?> ~*a*) y è s}o}{se` Oese Ae|{it èo}e` sm e~efe e ès 5>4>> ~*a*

[m!}|iìteoiÿj\IJ\E_ Y \ßJM[M_@e {moh~ièoiÿj lm |ÿjm{ms y |ij|es }m }j ms}m{thu}m ohj|ij}eahs h{|e`moimjlh e h e{fh lm` ;>55*Ms|m ae|m{ie` sm {moh~iè mj omj|{hs lm sm~e{eoiÿjlm lmsmochs mj |hlhs `hs lm~e{|eamj|hs y s}o}{se`ms lm` kejoh y `}mfh shj mj|{mfelhs e`Chfe{ _ej Dhsé lm Aeèakh lhjlm `hs oe{|}ochsshj {m``mjelhs y rmjlilhs ~e{e {moe}le{ hjlhs*

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

\h|e` oha~{elh 6>2,2<> k$ 269,=>> k

\h|e` {moioèlh 2>,393 k =<,9;> k

- {moioèlh lm`|h|e` oha~{elh 3*2;- 5?*=<-

Bhjlhs{moe}lelhs ~h{rmj|e lm ~e~m`

?,2<9 2,;=>*5=

$^h{ m{{h{, mj m` Ijbh{am _hoie` ;>5>, sm ~}kìoÿ è oej|ilel lm ~e~mòha~{elh ohah oej|ilel lm ~e~m` {moioèlh*

[moioèdmÊ^M@Kejoh Fmjm{e` {moioè ~e~m` kèjoh ~m{iÿliohoe{|e~eoihs y shk{ms lm aejiè }|iìtelhs mj èamjsedm{áe ij|m{je* Ms|hs ae|m{ie`ms shj mjrielhse è ma~{mse [ml Moh`ÿfioe u}m sm mjoe{fe lms} {moioèdm*

AE\M[IE@ M@MO\[ßJIOHJ}ms|{e oce|e{{e m`mo|{ÿjioe ijo`}ym mu}i~hsm`mo|{ÿjiohs u}m m` kejoh ce lmsoe{|elh y mu}i~hs

u}m hs ohèkh{elh{ms cej lhjelh*

AM_ ^M_H \H\E@ #@K)

Mjm{h ;,?9<*=>

Ek{i` ?,5>>

Efhs|h 39;*3>

Ho|}k{m 5,2<<*=>

\h|e` 3,>?5*3>

IJLIOELH[ \H\E@ [ MOIO@

^`ås|ioh m|! 5 5,;23 k

E`}aijih ;52 `k

\m|{e eg 5;9 k

Kh`ses ~`ås|ioes ?;6 k

Oe{|ÿj =,9;2 `k

Ke|m{áes ?,269 }jil

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>

\h|e` oha~{elh ?,<9= }jilelms <,>53 }j

\h|e` {moh`mo|elh ;,<;= }jilelms ?,3=9 }j

- {moh`mo|elh~e{e }|iìte{ 29- 5>>-

H\[H_ AE\M[IE@M_Mj m` ;>55 ijs|eèahs oijoh omj|{hs lm sm~lm lmsmochs mj ès oem|m{áes aås f{ejkejoh* Eu}á ijri|eahs e hs ohèkh{elh{ms e`hs |m|{e!~eg ès è|es lm e`}aijih y `hs mjr~`ås|ioh ~m|!5 e è ch{e lm lmsmoce{`hs `}ès ohailes* Elmaås smf}iahs {moioèjlhlmsmocelh lm oedm|es y kh`ses ~`ås|ioes* Elohjd}j|h ohj è Eìejte Ohj|eaijeoiÿj Oêjeaå ms|eahs {moioèjlh ke|m{áes ~e{eohj|{e e ohj|eaijeoiÿj lm am{o}{ih*

Hk|}riahs k}mjhs {ms}`|elhs4

AMLIH



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

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KEJOH FMJM[E@ Y @E OHA]JILEL

Jhs ijrh`}o{eahs ohj j}ms|{e oha}jilel lmlim{mj|ms aejm{es mjhoåjlhjhs sima~{m mj èml}oeoiÿjm` {msoe|m lm hs re`h{ms y è ijrm{siÿj shoie`*

^{hf{eae lm Ml}oeoiÿj Bijejoim{e lm è Eshoieoiÿj Kejoe{ie lm êjeaå ê{|ioi~eahs eo|ireamj|m mj ms|m ~{hf{eae o}yhhkdm|irh ms ``mre{ ohjhoiaimj|hs shk{m m` aejmdh lmjejtes ~m{shje`ms e ms|}liej|ms lm oh `mfihs ~ôkìohs*Kejoh Fmjm{e` }m esifjelh e` Ijs|i|}|h Eaé{ioe

y e|mjliahs }je ~hkèoiÿj lm e`{mlmlh{ lm ?>>ms|}liej|ms lm lhom f{}~hs lm =|h eõh lm smo}jle{ie*_m `ms ia~e{|im{hj }je sm{im lm oijoh oce{ès e `hè{fh lm oijoh amsms shk{m |maes ohah m` o{éli|hmèch{{h y è ijrm{siÿj* Mj m` ~{hf{eae ~e{|ioi~e{hj ;?

rh`}j|e{ihs lm` kejoh u}imjms lio|e{hj ms|es oce{ es*

^{maih e `hs Re`h{ms C}aejhs y Ah{e`msê{e ~{hahrm{ `hs re`h{ms mj|{m è d}rmj|}l lmj}ms|{h ~eás lmslm 593= Kejoh Fmjm{e` mj|{mfe m`^{maih e hs Re`h{ms C}aejhs y Ah{e`ms e ms|}liej|msf{el}ejlhs lm oh`mfihs ~ôkìohs y ~{irelhs lm` ~eásu}m sm lms|eoej ~h{ è ~{åo|ioe ohj|ij}e lm re`h{msmj s} åaki|h msohè{* Mj m` ;>55 }m{hj ~{maielhs5;3 ms|}liej|ms lm 2< oh`mfihs lm` ~eás u}imjmsshj msohfilhs ~h{ s}s oha~eõm{hs y aems|{hs y smceomj eo{mmlh{ms e }je O}mj|e lm Ech{{hs mj KejohFmjm{e` ohj m` oe~i|e` smai`è lm ,5>>*>>*

Ohj|mh lm Eòejoáes y oh`hoeoiÿj mj s}o}{se`msK}soejlh eoiì|e{ ms e es HJF m` ~{homsh lm ohj|e{ m` lijm{h {moh`mo|elh aesireamj|m mj oea~eões~}j|}e`ms Kejoh Fmjm{e` lmse{{h``ÿ }j ~èj ~i`h|h~e{e ~{hrmm{`ms e ms|es HJF m` |ima~h rh`}j|e{ihlm oedm{hs y ès aåu}ijes ~e{e ohj|e{ {å~ileamj|m*

L}{ej|m m` ;>55 ey}leahs e o}e|{h HJF4 ]j\moch ~e{e ai êás Oea~eõe lm ^{hahoiÿj

E{u}ilihomseje B}jleoåjom{ y J}|{m Chfe{ eohj|e{ s}s eòejoáes lm aejm{e {å~ile moimj|m y smf}{e lmj|{h lm ès s}o}{ se`ms lm` kejoh* Lm ms|e

aejm{e ~{hrmmahs j}ms|{h ohjhoiaimj|h y å{melm m~m{imjoie e` sm{rioih e ès HJF u}m si{rmj ej}ms|{e oha}jilel*

HJF L IJM[ H O HJ\E LH R H@ ]J\E [I H_ E [\ IO I E

]j \moch ~e{e ai eás 23,533*;; ;;

Oea~eõe lm {hahoiÿj E{u}ilihomseje 253,5>=*?6 =>

B}jleoåjom{ ;,=32*>5 ;

J}|{m Chfe{ 553,?<=*=; ;=

E}jelh e ms|h oh`hoeahs eòejoáes lm 55 j}ms|{es 2> s}o}{se`ms ~m{ai|iéjlh`ms {hjlhs e |{erés lm j}ms|{es hoijes*

^{hf{eae D}jih{ Eocimrmamj| Mj m` ;>55 ~e{|ioi~eahs j}mreamj|m^{hf{eae D}jih{ Eocimrmamj| ohj m` lm ;2 rh`}j|e{ihs u}m }m{hj esmsh{ms ~{hf{eaes* Mj |h|e` e|mjliahs }je ~hkè256 ms|}liej|ms mj 55 oh`mfihs lm j}ms|{h

Rmj|e lm oebés mj s}o}{se`msOhah ~e{|m lm j}ms|{hs ms}m{ths ~h{ ije j}ms|{hs oìmj|ms mj j}ms|{es ijioie|ires le è oha}jilel |hlh `h {moe}lelh lm è roeés ms~moie`ms mj j}ms|{es 2> s}o}{se`ms ms

ej}eàmj|m e }je HJF ~ejeamõe* Mj m` msohfiÿ e J}|{m Chfe{ ~e{e {moiki{ ms|m e~h{|}m lm4,9<=2*?>ces|e m` ?5 lm lioimak{m lm

Oh`hoeoiÿj lm oesi|eslm Ijl}s|{ies lm K}mje Rh`}j|el Mj h|{e ijioie|ire d}j|h e j}ms|{hs ooh`hoeahs omj|{hs lm {moh`mooiÿj lm e{|áo}`hs ~e{e m` chfe{ e}m{e lm e`f}jes lm js}o}{se`ms ~e{e ès Ijl}s|{ies lm K}mje RMs|e oea~eõe lm {moh`mooiÿj è ej}j|eakiéj mj j}ms|{hs amlihs ij|m{jhs ~eaås m~hsioiÿj lmj|{h lm j}ms|{e oha}jil

Oea~eõe Lÿè{ ~h{ Lÿè{ ohj|{e m` oåjom{ lm aeae ê{e o{me{ ohjoimjoie shk{m ms|e mjm{amlel mj m` ams lm ho|}k{m {meìteaoea~eõe mj j}ms|{h si|ih vmk ~e{e {moe}le~e{e lhje{ ;>>> aeahf{eáes e a}dm{ms lm{mo}{shs* @e oea~eõe ohjsis|áe mj u}m ~lÿè{ lhjelh ~h{ m` oìmj|m m` kejoh if}eòej|ilel* E |{erés lm j}ms|{e Kejoe mj @ájmeòejoáes mj j}ms|{es s}o}{se`ms hf{eahs {,=5>?*>5* E}ju}m jh sm ``mfÿ e è am|e {mlm ,;=>>>*>> lm ~e{|m lm `hs oìmj|ms e B}

_}s K}mjhs Rmoijhs lhjÿ ,=>>>>*>> ~e{e m` ahj|h {mu}m{ilh lm ès ;>>> aeahf{e

KEJOHFMJM[E@ Y @E OH

‐Mj 5= eõhs è B}jleoiÿj _}s

K}mjhs Rmoijhs ce |hoelh

a}oces riles, elai{h s}

|{ekedh y am simj|h h{f}``hse

lm u}m è h{fejiteoiÿj

o}mj|m ohj }je }jleoiÿj

u}m e~h{|m y ey}lm e `hs aås

jmomsi|elhs‑*

Aey{e Om{{}lMdmo}|ire, _}o}{se` K{ises lm` Fh`



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

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M` ^{hf{eae lm Rh`}j|e{ielh Oh{~h{e|irh lm Kejoh Fmjm{e` ‐Rmoijhs mj Eooiÿj‑ohj|ij}ÿ s} èkhmj m` eõh ;>55 ms|m eõh ohj j}mres eo|irilelms lm ey}le e è oha}jilel* Jh sh`h o{moiÿ m` jôa

rh`}j|e{ihs sijh |eakiéj è ~e{|ioi~eoiÿj ~{hamlih lm oele ohèkh{elh{*

Rmoijhs mj Eooiÿj mj oib{es

IJLIOELH[;>5> ;>55

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\h|e` lm rh`}j|e{ihs ~{maielhs ~h{ ekh{ ohj|ij}e <35 =;;

Ijrm{siÿj ~h{ elaijis|{eoiÿj lm` {hf{eae 26,62;*>> <=,2<>*;

Eo|irilelms fmjm{e`ms lm rh`}j|e{ielh

ML]OEOIßJ\{ekedhs lm {m~e{eoiÿj fmjm{e` ohjs|{}ooiÿj lmse`ÿj y lhjeoiÿj lm ô|i`ms mj o}e|{h mso}mès ohj}je ijrm{siÿj lm ,?6*23;*26*• Mso}mè M` Re{i|e` #Oci{iu}á)• Mso}mè Hjom lm Ho|}k{m #êjeaå)• Mso}mè M` Mfilh #@hs _ej|hs)• Mso}mè Cifh D}ej K{ej #Oho`é)

AMLIH EAKIMJ\M• Eo|irilel lm ia~imte lm ~èyes

#êjeaå y Oci{iu}á)• _imak{e lm ~èj|hjms• Oh`hoeoiÿj lm f{eri`è mj m` Om{{h Ejoÿj

RIRIMJLE • Ohjs|{}ooiÿj lm 5> oeses d}j|h e rh`}j|

lm ]j \moch ~e{e ai eás

[MOH@MOOIßJ LM BHJLH• Rmj|e lm e{|áo}`hs mj|{m hs ohèkh{elh{m• F{ej Jhocm lm Kijfh• \e{lms lm ~hs|{ms

RH@]J\E[IELH OH[^H[E\IRH4

RMOIJH_ MJ EOOIßJ

‐_m{ }j Rmoijh mj Eooiÿj

sifjiboe le{ sij ms~m{e{ {moiki{

jele e oeakih* O}ejlh `h ceoms

lm oh{etÿj y rms è shj{ise

lm `hs jiõhs, shj ahamj|hs

ms~moie`ms u}m lej fejes lm

smf}i{ simjlh }j k}mj rmoijh‑*

Fi`km{|h _hseMdmo}|irh lm Jmfhoihs,_}o}{se` E`k{hhg

RMOIJH_ M



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E^HYH E H[FEJITEOIHJM_JH F]KM[JEAMJ\E@M_ #HJF)

Rmoijhs mj Eooiÿj |imjm eìejtes ohj smis H{fejiteoihjms jh F}km{jeamj|e`msmj ejeaå y lhs mj Ohs|e [ioe e u}imjms k{ijle e~hyh ohj|ij}h*

H@IAÎELE_ M_^MOIE@M_ EJEAÅ E~hyh ~e{e4• Ohjomj|{eoiÿj lm e|`m|es• Bims|e lm kimjrmjile rm{ejh• H{fejiteoiÿj lm |h{jmh lm kh`hs• @hfás|ioe mj om`mk{eoiÿj lm d}mfhs

{mfihje`ms ejeaå Am|{h• @hfás|ioe ~e{e om`mk{eoiÿj lm d}mfhs

{mfihje`ms ejeaå Ms|m• Kijfh lm Hìa~ieles Ms~moie`ms• @hfás|ioe e` d}mfh {mfihje` lm Cm{{m{e• Oeaije|e ej}e` lm Hìa~ieles Ms~moie`ms• H{fejiteoiÿj y mdmo}oiÿj lm d}mfh eais|hsh

mj|{m rh`}j|e{ihs lm Rmoijhs mj Eooiÿj y e|`m|es ms~moie`ms

CH_Î\E@ LM@ JIÕH• [meìteoiÿj lm e ms|e ej}e` lm [myms Aefhs

~e{e jiõhs ij|m{jhs mj m` chs~i|e`• E~hyh ~e{e e eo|irilel lm mjomjlile lm` å{kh`

lm` Chs~i|e` lm` Jiõh• E~hyh ~e{e eo|irilel lm ~esmh lm e}|hs ~h{ è

Oij|e Ohs|m{e• \e``m{ms lm ohs|}{e ~e{e }mfh lhje{ • \e``m{ms lm o}mj|e o}mj|hs• Risi|es e ~eoimj|ms lm` Chs~i|e` lm` Jiõh

‐Am simj|h ohj|mj|e u}m

Kejoh Fmjm{e` am ey}lm e

sm{ri{ e è oha}jilel lm

|ej|es aejm{es‑*

Fije K}l{ie Ejeìs|e lm [mo}{shs C}aejhs

OE_E M_^M[EJTE • \e``m{ lm |me|{h ~e{e rh`}j|e{ihs• 52 |e``m{ms o}`|}{e`ms mj hs omj|{hs

lm Oese Ms~m{ejte• Mjseyh fmjm{e` lm e hk{e ‐A}jlh Ms~m{ejte‑• ^{msmj|eoiÿj lm hk{e ‐A}jlh Ms~m{ejte‑• Bims|e lm Jerilel

B]JLEOIßJ ILM ]J LM_MH• ;5 lmsmhs o}a~ìlhs lm jiõhs jiões y elh`momj|ms• Om`mk{eoiÿj lm` Láe lm` Lmsmh• E~hyh ~e{e oea~eõe‐Visc L{ijg‑lm {moe}leoiÿj

lm hjlhs• E~hyh mj {meìteoiÿj lm |e``m{ms

J]\[M CHFE[• Om`mk{eoiÿj lm o}a~`meõhs ~e{e jiõhs mj

{mo}~m{eoiÿj mj hs omj|{hs lm J}|{m Chfe{ êjeaå Oho`é y Oci{iu}á

• E~hyh e e oea~eõe ‐@hs Jiõhs {iam{h‑{moh`mo|ejlh mjom{ms {h~e y ohaile

• [moh`mo|e lm f{ejhs

RMOIJH_ M



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•ê{|ioi~eoiÿjye~hyhmjèoe{{m{e‐[m`mrh~h{èRile‑

•E~hyh~e{e{meìteoiÿjlmu}ijomeõhsyohj{aeoihjmslmjiõhsmjbm{ahs

•E~hyh~e{eè{meìteoiÿjlmèms|elmJerilel

•E~hyhmjmòhj|mhlmeòejoáes~e{e{moh`mo|e{bhjlhs

‐_m{ }j Rmoijh mj Eooiÿj

ms riri{ è rile ~`mjeamj|m

~e{e è oha}jilel, `hf{ejlh

ey}le{ e u}m `hs lmaås

o{mtoej y ~{h~h{oihje{ e

|{erés lm j}ms|{e eo|}eoiÿj

}j kmjmboih e h|{h‑*

Dhje|cej Ms~ijhte Esis|mj|m, O{éli|h Oh{~h{e|irh

\H\E@ LM EO\IRILELM_

HJF JH* LM EO\IRILELM_ KMJMBIOIELH_ RH@]J\E[IH_ IJRH@]

Eo|irilelms Oha}jms ?< 9>6< 5<=>

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Oese Ms~m{ejte ?2 =; ?>=

B}jleoiÿj îlm }j Lmsmh ;6 936 2?2

Hìa~ieles Ms~moie`ms 55 ?55> 52=

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B}jleoiÿj Eaifhs lm`Jiõh ohj @m}omaie yOåjom{

5? 5>>> 5;=

Rmoijhs mj EooiÿjOhs|e [ioe < <;; ?=

\h|e` 5=2 56>69 <=;<

Rmoijhs mj Eooiÿj ‟ Ohs|e [ioe

E_HOIEOIßJ @]OCE OHJ\[E M@ OÅJOM[ IJBEJ\I@ #E@OOI)•Bims|eJerilel

•9>aij}|hs~h{èrile

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RMOIJH_ M



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IJRM[_IßJ _HOIE@4

B]JLEOIßJ _]_K]MJH_ RMOIJH_

B]JLEK]MJH_

@e aisiÿj lm e B}jleoiÿj _}s K}mjhs Rmoijhs ms|åmjhoele mj e|mjlm{ hs smfamj|hs aås jmomsi|elhslm è ~hkèoiÿj mj ès å{mes lm eìamj|eoiÿjml}oeoiÿj se`}l lisoe~eoilel el}`|hs aeyh{mse}|hfms|iÿj y ririmjle* @e èj|{h~áe o}yes {eáoms y sifjioelh ms m ` eah{ e è c}aejilel ohjs|i|}ym è kesm ejf}è{ lm èB}jleoiÿj _}s K}mjhs Rmoijhs* @e B}jleoiÿjce mrh`}oihjelh e |{erés lm` jejoieaimj|hlm ~{hymo|hs u}m |imjmj ohah hkdm|irh màmdh{eaimj|h lm è oeìlel lm rile lm `hs aåsjmomsi|elhs e |{erés lm è eooiÿj oha}ji|e{ie èe}|hfms|iÿj y e e}|h shs|mjikiìlel ~m{h sij ~m{lm{ s} msmjoie u}m ms e èj|{h~áe* @}mfh lm 5= eõhs lm mis|mjoie cmahs o{moilh

d}j|h e a}oces lm ès h{fejiteoihjms u}me~hyeahs* H{fejiteoihjms u}m lekej s}s ~{iam{hs~eshs y u}m jhs ~{msmj|e{hj mj s} ahamj|h s}s~{hymo|hs chy mdmo}|ej ia~h{|ej|ms ~{hf{eaesshoie`ms u}m cej ia~eo|elh ~hsi|ireamj|m è rilelm a}ochs ~ejeamõhs amjhs erh{moilhs y u}mcej |{eálh |maes |{esomjlmj|e`ms e è liso}siÿj

jeoihje` ohah `h shj è lmsj}|{ioiÿj m` ijej|i` è e`|e lm ml}oeoiÿj è ijo`}siÿjlisoe~eoi|elhs y m` lm{moch lm hs el}`|hs ae }je rile lifje* Mj ms|e mrh`}oiÿj cmahs ris|h è ~{hìm{eeshoieoihjms y h{fejiteoihjms ij|m{mseles mjohaôj y ech{e mj{mj|eahs j}mrhs {m|hms `hf{e{ m` h{|e`moiaimj|h lm ès h{fejiteè oha}jioeoiÿj m` |{ekedh aejoha}jeleìejtes ~e{e hf{e{ aeyh{ms {ms}`|elhs* h{je|}{e`mte lm sm{ }je ‐B}jleoiÿj lm B}jlems|m ms }j |mae u}m |hae oele láe aås rifmo}e` ms|eahs lmlioåjlh`m j}ms|{e e|mjoiÿj @e lis|{ik}oiÿj lm `hs {mo}{shs lm è B}jce smf}ilh }j ~e|{ÿj y sm lms|ijej `hs ams}m{ths e è eìamj|eoiÿj è ml}oeoiÿse`}l lm j}ms|{hs jiõhs* _i kimj m` |mae mlce |haelh aeyh{ ~{haijmjoie mj `hs eõhs ms|h sm lmkm e` lmse{{h``h lm lhs ~{hlm kmoes ~{h~ihs y e è jmomsilel oele e~{maiej|m lm {ha~m{ m` oá{o}`h lm è lmsi

y è ~hk{mte e |{erés lm` ohjhoiaimj|h*

‐Ef{elmtoh e è B}jleoiÿj

~h{ cekm{am lelh è Kmoe lm

Mom`mjoie ~e{e ohj|ij}e{ ais

ms|}lihs smo}jle{ihs‑*

Eje Fek{imè Eit~}{ôeMs|}liej|m kmoele ~h{ èB}jleoiÿj _}s K}mjhs Rmoijhs



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

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E@IAMJ\EOIßJIjrm{siÿj4 ,2353??;> eshoieoihjms ‟ ;3 ~{hf{eaes

M` ~{hf{eae J}|{ioiÿj Eìamj|eoiÿj y _e`}l ms|åmjhoelh e è ~hkèoiÿj aås r}`jm{ek`m ~e{ek{ijle{`m }je fe``m|e j}|{i|ire ms~moie` o}ye }jilelijliril}e` |imjm 5<> oe`h{áes ye u}m sm ceom ohj}je ÿ{a}è ms~moie` lmjile ~h{ J}|{m Chfe{ y ms|å lms|ijele e è ~{mrmjoiÿj lm è lmsj}|{ioiÿjmj ès oha}jilelms aås e~e{|eles* Ms|m ~{hf{eaeijo`}ym o{mae aio{hj}|{imj|ms y lms~e{esi|ej|ms* @e B_KR |imjm 5= eõhs lm ms|e{ jejoiejlh ms|m~{hf{eae y cmahs ris|h {ms}`|elhs ohjo{m|hsmj ai`ms lm jiõhs u}m sm cej se`relh lm` befm`hlm è lmsj}|{ioiÿj y s}s ohjsmo}mjoies mj m`lmse{{h``h ijej|i`* Ms|m ~{hf{eae elmaås `mre }joha~hjmj|m ~e{e m` ohj|{h` lm ~msh y |e`è* Mj m`;>55 sm `mrÿ e fe``m|e e ;>2 oha}jilelms* M` Omj|{h lm [mo}~m{eoiÿj lm J}|{m Chfe{ mjGejgij|ô sm ije}f}{ÿ mj aeyh lm ;>55 ms|m msm` ôjioh omj|{h lm {mo}~m{eoiÿj mis|mj|m mj èså{mes ijláfmjes* ^hs|m{ih{amj|m `h lh|eahs lm~ejm`ms shè{ms* Mj Le{iéj cmahs aej|mjilh ~h{ 5? eõhs m`~{hf{eae lm ~el{ijhs |mjmahs 22= ecidelhs mj es

oha}jilelms lm @e Oc}jfe _ej|e Ae{|e Khoe lm O}~m Am{oelmh y Aejmjå* ^èlh ohj ah|irh lm ès ij}jleoihjms hoe je`ms lm` ;>5> jhs oha~{ham|iahs{mohjs|{}ooiÿj lm` ohamlh{ è ohoije y è~{mmsohè{ y lm è ohoije y ès `m|{ijes mlm è oha}jilel lm J}mrh Rifáe* Ms|hs |

ye sm ohjo`}ym{hj y `hs 5>6 jiõhs u}m esismso}mè o}mj|ej ohj j}mres eoiìlelms* Ohj|ij}eahs e~hyejlh ohamlh{ms msohoha}ji|e{ihs mj |hlh m` ~eásshj 5< ohamlhk{ijlej s}s|mj|h e jiõhs y dÿrmjms mj mlel ms

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

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@hs ~{hf{eaes lm kmoes aejmdelhs li{mo|eamj|m ~h{ è B_KR cej |mjilh }j lmse{{h``h a}y ~hsi|irh y `hsaisahs hs |mjmahs oe|e`hfelhs mj o}e|{h smfamj|hs4

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@hs ~{hf{eaes lm kmoes aejmdelhs ~h{ h|{eseshoieoihjms e `hs u}m e~h{|eahs hjlhs ms|åj~{ijoi~eàmj|m li{ifilhs e le{`ms e~hyh mohjÿaiohe jiõhs lm msoeshs {mo}{shs ~e{e u}m esis|ej eè mso}mè y ~e{e e~hye{ e ès mso}mès ~{ireles}kioeles mj smo|h{ms ae{fije`ms* Jh hks|ej|m ohjè ia~`mamj|eoiÿj lm e kmoe }jirm{se` hs aisahssm ms|åj mre`}ejlh*

Ohj m` j lm ~{mrm{ è lmsm{oiÿj msohè{ mj å{meslm e`|h {imsfh y {msoe|e{ e `hs jiõhs |{ekedelh{msaej|mjmahs lhs ~{hf{eaes ohj Oese Ms~m{ejtemj _eae{ie y mj _ej|iefh lm Rm{ef}es shj <>>jiõhs kmjmoielhs* Ohj B}jleoiÿj Rå`h{e|m mj Ef}el}òm y ohjB}jleoiÿj _ej Bmì~m aej|mjmahs ~{hf{eaes~e{e le{`m esis|mjoie m|{e msohè{ e jiõhs ohjlio}`|elms lm e~{mjlitedm*

L}{ej|m m` eõh jhs s}aeahs e ijioie|ires mjoe!aijeles e le{ h{|e`moiaimj|h ~m{shje` e dÿrmjms

y ~e|{hoijeahs eo|irilelms m|{emsohè{ms ohahlejte lm~h{|ms oha~m|mjoies eoeléaioes m|o* Ohj|ij}eahs ohj `hs ~{hymo|hs lm ohjs|{}ooiÿjlm se`hjms msohè{ms mj è Mso}mè J}ms|{e _mõh{elm Bå|iae mj m` Och{{i``h y ohj è Eshoieoiÿj ^{hJiõmt ejeamõe mj m` å{me lm Oeõetes* ê{|m ij|mf{e` lm è ml}oeoiÿj ms `hf{e{ èoe~eoi|eoiÿj lm `hs el}`|hs ~el{ms lm `hs jiõhsu}m ms|eahs h{aejlh y ~e{e m``h jhs eìeahsohj \ef}e J}|mdm y m` Ijs|i|}|h êjeamõh ~e{e èMl}oeoiÿj ~h{ [elih* @hs aems|{hs fms|h{ms lm è ml}oeoiÿj shje|mjlilhs e |{erés lm }j ~{hf{eae ohj B}jleoiÿj^{hml u}m oe~eoi|e e `hs ml}oelh{ms mj j}mrhs y mmo|irhs aé|hlhs lm mjsmõejte*

‐O{mh mj è ml}oeoiÿj ohah

è oèrm ~e{e `}oce{ ohj|{e

è ~hk{mte y ~h{ msh ~imjsh

u}m m` ~{hf{eae lm kmoes

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

B]JLEK]MJH_

M` oåjom{ ohj|ijôe simjlh è ~{iam{e oe}se lma}m{|m mj j}ms|{h ~eás lm ecá j}ms|{h oha~{haishlm e~hye{ e ès eshoieoihjms u}m lmlioej s}sms}m{ths e e|mjlm{ `hs ~eoimj|ms y eaiìe{msu}m s}{mj ms|e mjm{amlel e` mu}i~eaimj|h lm`Chs~i|e` Hjoh`ÿfioh y e ~{hahrm{ è lm|mooiÿj|ma~{eje mj e ~hkèoiÿj*

Lm` |h|e` lm ~{ms}~}ms|h lm lhjeoihjms e` {}k{hse`}l è B_KR ce lms|ijelh cis|ÿ{ioeamj|m e ms|eoe}se*

LI_OEÊOI\ELH_Ijrm{siÿj4 ,?222=;59 eshoieoihjms ‟ ?5 ~{hf{eaes

M` |mae lm e ij|mf{eoiÿj e hs lisoe~eoi|elshoimlel ohk{e oele láe aås rifmjoie ~h{èkh{ lm oha}jioeoiÿj oeki`lmh y ohjoimju}m cej {meìtelh ès h{fejiteoihjms lmlie|mjlm{ hs lim{mj|ms |i~hs lm lisoe~eoile ^hlmahs lmoi{ u}m mj j}ms|{h ~eás e ~{hym~mjm|{eoiÿj u}m ce `hf{elh Hìa~ieles Mslm êjeaå mj s}s ;9 eõhs jh |imjm ~{mocmahs silh ~e{|m lm ms|m o{moiaimj|jhs eìeahs ijo`}sirm ej|ms lm u}m è B

ohjh{ae{e ye u}m sm e|mjláe e |{erés lmFmjm{e`* Mj ms|e eìejte sm ohakijej ~m{mo`hs |{ms oha~hjmj|ms4 e h{fejiteoiÿj m` lhm` rh`}j|e{ielh ~e{e kmjmoih lm `hs e|`m|e

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ê{e e~hye{ e è se`}l ijej|i` jhs cmahs eìelh e`~{ijoi~e` omj|{h lm e|mjoiÿj ijej|i` M` Chs~i|e`lm` Jiõh y ej}eàmj|m e|mjlmahs e`f}je lm s}sjmomsilelms lm mu}i~h*

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

Ohj|ij}eahs ohj éi|h è eìejte ohj B}jleoiÿj^{h Ij|mf{eoiÿj y m` ~{hf{eae lm si`ès lm {}mles mò}e` ms|m eõh ea~ìeahs ~e{e e|mjlm{ ~eoimj|ms ohj~e{åìsis om{mk{e` u}m jmomsi|ej si`ès ms~moie`ms*Lmslm s} ijioih mj m` ;>>3 sm cej lis|{ik}ilh;=<3 si`ès y ~e{e m` eõh ;>5; ~{hymo|eahs |{em{ ? ohj|mjmlh{ms aås* Ms|m ms }j ~{hf{eae lmesis|mjoie e e{fh ~èth u}m amdh{e mj f{ej amlileè oeìlel lm rile lm` kmjmoie{ih*

E~hyeahs e ès ~m{shjes ohj risiÿj ìai|ele y sij risiÿj ohj ~{hf{eaes lm oe~eoi|eoiÿj y {mo{meoiÿj*Ms|m eõh sm cith }j ohjrmjih ~e{e e|mjlm{ e el}`|hsaeyh{ms mj m` ij|m{ih{* Ohj|ij}eahs j}ms|{h e~hyh e h{fejiteoihjmslmlioeles e esis|i{ y le{ |m{e~ies e lirm{shs |i~hs lmlisoe~eoi|elhs ~e{e s} ij|mf{eoiÿj*

EL]@\H_ AEYH[M_Ijrm{siÿj4 ,;;6=655? eshoieoihjms ‟ 56 ~{hf{eaes

Ms e |{erés lm` jejoieaimj|h ~e{e m` }joihje!aimj|h lm chfe{ms u}m esis|iahs e `hs el}`|hsaeyh{ms ~e{e u}m |mjfej }je rile lifje*

E~hyeahs li{mo|eamj|m e 5; chfe{ms mj |hlh m` ~eásè aeyh{áe e|mjlilhs ohj a}och eah{ ~h{ {mìfihses*

CHFE[M_ _]_\I\]\H_Ijrm{siÿj4 ,56>2=>5? eshoieoihjms ‟ 5? ~{hf{eaes

@e jmomsilel lm chfe{ms s}s|i|}|hs amdh{ mu}i~elhs y ohj ~m{shje` oe~eoi|elh ~e{e e|mjlm{ e u}imjmscej silh ekejlhjelhs h s}{mj sm~e{eoiÿj ~h{

ohjs|{}ooiÿj lm 5= oesesès o}e`ms }m{hj jejoieles~h{ è B_KR y ohjs|{}iles ~h{ dÿrmjms rh`}j|e{ihs lmKejoh Fmjm{e`*

Ohj Cåki|e| ~e{e è C}aejilel ohj|ij}eahsjejoiejlh oeses ~e{e eaiìes lm msoeshs {mo}{shsu}m shj l}mõhs lm s}s |m{{mjhs ~m{h u}m s} ijf{mshjh ms ~m{ai|m eoomlm{ e` jejoieaimj|h kejoe{ih*

HK[E_ _HOIE@M_ Y AMLIH EAKIMJ\MIjrm{siÿj4 ,;>6639?5 eshoieoihjms ‟ ?= ~{hf{eaes ^h{ j}ms|{e je|}{e`mte lm }jleoiÿj lm }jleoihjms~e{|ioi~eahs ohj a}oces eshoieoihjms y h{fejiteoihjms mj ~{hf{eaes ~}j|}e`ms u}m |imjmj}j ia~eo|h mj }j ~{hk`mae ms~moáoh lm èshoimlel h u}m {meìtej èkh{ shoie` mj }je oi}lelh ~hkèlh ms~moáoh ~e{e amdh{e{ è oeìlel lm

rile lm `hs aås jmomsi|elhs mj lim{mj|ms es~mo|hs*

Mj ms|m {m~h{|m sÿ`h ~hlmahs ~èsae{ `hs~{hymo|hs y s}s ia~eo|hs sij make{fh `hs|ms|iahjihs es cis|h{ies lm éi|h es lmom~oihjmso}ejlh sm ~im{lm }j eàe sh`h u}mlej ~èsaelesmj ès riles u}m sm ia~eo|e{hj y mj ès ~m{shjesu}m `h ceomj ~hsik`m oele láe ohj s} |{ekedhlmsij|m{mselh ~h{ m` ~{ÿdiah*

B]JLEK]MJH_

Omj|{h Oha}ji|e{ih J}|{ioihje

lm U}mk{ele F}ekhOhae{oe Jfìkm K}f`m

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E]\HFM_\IßJIjrm{siÿj4 ,<<22<; eshoieoihjms ‟ ; ~{hf{eaes

@e e}|hfms|iÿj ~{hl}o|h lm è oe~eoi|eoiÿj ms }je~{}mke mceoimj|m lm e mrh`}oiÿj lm e ~m{shje ~e{eseì{ lm }je si|}eoiÿj ~{moe{ie ceoie }je rile lifje*

Mj eìejte ohj ^{h E{|msejes cmahs oe~eoi|elh e?> a}dm{ms lm }fe{ms {mah|hs es o}e`ms ms|åj chy láe fms|ihjejlh s}s ijf{mshs e |{erés lm e rmj|e lm{h~e y te~e|i|hs ~e{e kmkés y e{|msejáes u}m ~h{ s}mom`mj|m oeìlel sm oham{oieìtej mj eàeomjmslm ~{ms|ifih* M` éi|h lm ms|m ~{hf{eae ce silh èoe~eoi|eoiÿj jh sh`h ~e{e lmse{{h`è{ }je lms|{mtesijh è h{aeoiÿj c}aeje y m` eoha~eõeaimj|hu}m sm ms ce k{ijlelh*

Mj m` å{me lm _ej Aif}mì|h ohj|ij}eahs ohj m`~{hf{eae Beaiìes Ma~{mjlmlh{es y ye shj ?2 u}mfmjm{ej s}s ~{h~ihs ijf{mshs y u}m |imjmj ~èjmslm o{mom{ s}s aio{h!ma~{mses y a}ochs h|{hs u}mcej ijf{mselh e` am{oelh ekh{e`*

RIRIMJLE Ijrm{siÿj4 ,3<>>>; eshoieoihjms ‟ ; ~{hf{eaes

Ms|m eõh ijioieahs }je eìejte ohj B}jleoiÿj ]j\moch ~e{e ai êás ohj è o}e` ~e{|ioi~eahs mj è

C}akm{|h Ef}i{{m lm e oha}jilel lm U}mk{ele Fmj è Ohae{oe Jfìkm K}f`é ijf{msÿ mj m` ~{hf{lm j}|{ioiÿj y se`}l mj 5993 o}ejlh |mjáe smis lm mlel, lmkilh e u}m |mjáe è ms|e|}{e y ~msh ljiõh lm o}e|{h eõhs lm mlel* _}s ~el{ms jhlm ijamlie|h u}m m` ohjs}ah lm fe``m|es y o{mj}|{ioihje`ms `m ~m{ai|im{hj o{mom{ y lmse{{h`f{eoies e s} ohj|mjilh lm ~{h|májes y ri|eaijes*

F{eoies e ms|m ~{hf{eae lm è B}jleoiÿj _}s K} Rmoijhs ohj J}|{m Chfe{ o{moiÿ se`}lek`masm f{el}ÿ lm Keoci``m{ mj m` I^\ lm [mamlihs Keoci``m{ mj Mkejis|m{áe* _}mõe ohj ms|}lie{ ij~e{e ohjrm{|i{sm mj ml}oelh{*

C}akm{|h a}ms|{e }je h|h lm f{}~h mj lhjlmsm mjo}mj|{e é` lm ~mu}mõh o}ejlh m{e kmjmboie{ih*

OE_H LM ÉSI\H



IJBH[AM _HOIE@KF ;>55

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Ms|elh lm _i|}eoiÿj Bijejoim{e Ohjlmjselhy Ms|elh lm Eo|irilelms Ohjlmjselh

?5 lm lioimak{m lm ;>55

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

E^HYH EIJIOIE\IRE_F@HKE@M_



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KF ;>55

^{ijoi~ihs lm Lm{mochs C}aejhs

ohèkh{elh{ms ~{hrmmlh{ms oìmj|ms è oha}jilel m` amlih eakimj|m y èsmj|ilelms {mf}èlh{es* Mj j}ms|{e Risiÿj Aisiÿj Re`h{ms y j}ms|{h Oÿlifh lmÉ|ioe y Ohjl}o|e mj}joieahs `hs ~{ijoi~ihs u}m f}áej j}ms|{es lmoisihjms lmjmfhoihs y lmso{ikiahs j}ms|{es ~h`á|ioes ohj {ms~mo|h e oele }jh lm j}ms|{hsf{}~hs lm ij|m{és* Lm if}e` aejm{e e |{erés lm j}ms|{e ~h`á|ioe Ohjhtoe e s} Oìmj|m lmse{{h`èjlhj}ms|{h jmfhoih lmj|{h lm` ae{oh d}{álioh rifmj|m y |{ekedejlh ohj ~{hrmmlh{mssm{ihs y lm {mohjhoile {m~}|eoiÿj jhs esmf}{eahs lm jh sm{ oÿa~ìoms mjek}shs e hs lm{mochs c}aejhs* Lmj|{h lm j}ms|{hs hkdm|irhs ~e{e m` eõh rmjilm{h ~hlmahs lms|eoe{ m` e~hyhjejoim{h y hfás|ioh u}m Kejoh Fmjm{e` le{å e` ~{iam{ li~`haelh lm Fm{mjoielm HJF h |h{felh mj ejeaå ey}lejlh e` h{|e`moiaimj|h y ~{hmsihjeìteoiÿjlm ia~h{|ej|ms HJF ~ejeamões a}oces lm ès o}e`ms |{ekedej mj ~{h lm `hs

lm{mochs c}aejhs* Elmaås ohj|ij}e{mahs {mh{tejlh j}ms|{e o}`|}{e oh{~h{e|ire mjae{oele mj re`h{ms oè{eamj|m lmjilhs4chjms|ilelij|mf{ilelohjlmjoieìlel y sh`rmjoieah{e` ohj }je oha}jioeoiÿj ij|m{je ohjs|ej|m {mh{tejlh `hs lim{mj|msoe~á|}`hs lm j}ms|{h Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e mj|{m j}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms*

IA^@MAMJ\EOIßJ ^hlmahs lms|eoe{ m` {mh{teaimj|h lm j}ms|{h Ohai|é lm [ms~hjsekiìlel_hoie` y É|ioe Ma~{mse{ie` ohjh{aelh ~h{ mdmo}|irhs lm lim{mj|ms å{meslm è ma~{mse y ìlm{elh ~h{ m` ^{msilmj|m lm è D}j|e Li{mo|ire lhjlm smliso}|mj ilmes ~{mho}~eoihjms y s}fm{mjoies {m~h{|eles ~h{ ohèkh{elh{mslm aejm{e ijh{ae` esá ohah ijioie|ires y erejoms mj |maes lm shs|mjikiìlelej|i!oh{{}~oiÿj y lm{mochs c}aejhs* M` Ohai|é es}am è {ms~hjsekiìlel lmesmf}{e{sm u}m è ma~{mse ms|é o}a~ìmjlh ohj `hs ~{ijoi~ihs lm` êo|h y mÒÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e*

Elmaås ohj|eahs ohj }j k}tÿj lm oh{{mh m`mo|{ÿjioh ~e{e u}m `hsohèkh{elh{ms ~}mlej ceom{ lmj}joies h ~{msmj|e{ iju}im|}lms mj o}eù}im{ |mae {mèoihjelh e e é|ioe*

Mj m` ;>55 ohj|ij}eahs h{|e`moimjlh j}ms|{h _is|mae lm Fms|iÿj lm [imsfh Eakimj|e` y _hoie` #_FE_) u}m rmè ~h{u}m j}ms|{es lmoisihjms o{mli|ioiesohjsilm{mj eo|h{ms lm {imsfh eakimj|e` y shoie` mj|{m `hs ~}j|hs kåsiohs lmejåìsis lm oele ~{h~}ms|e o{mli|ioie* Lm ms|e aejm{e jhs esmf}{eahs lm jhjejoie{ ~{hymo|hs mj hs u}m sm ek}smj hs lm{mochs c}aejhs*

AMLIOIßJ LM [M_]@\ELH_ Mj lirm{ses smooihjms lm j}ms|{h Ijh{am _hoie` sm mjo}mj|{e è amlioiÿjlm|e`èle lm j}ms|{hs {ms}`|elhs mj |mae lm lm{mochs c}aejhs* ^hlmahslms|eoe{ ès smooihjms lm É|ioe y \{ejs~e{mjoie Ohèkh{elh{ms Oìmj|ms^{hrmmlh{ms y Oha}jilel* Rm{ ^åfijes 3!9 5<!53 59!;5 ;;!;?;<!;= ?;!<9* Ijlioelh{ms [m`mrej|ms lm` F[I4 C[5 C[; C[? C[< C[= C[2 C[6 C[3* Rm{ lm|e``m mj åf* 22 y 26*

^ E O \ HF@HKE@

RE@H[EOIßJ, H@Á\IOE Y HKDM\IRH_ ê{e Kejoh Fmjm{e` m` |mae lm lm{mochs c}aejhs ms ~{iah{lie` mj m`lmse{{h``h lm j}ms|{h jmfhoih* E~hyeahs ~{hahrmahs y {ms~m|eahs è~{h|mooiÿj lm ms|hs lm{mochs ~èsaelhs mj è Lmoè{eoiÿj ]jirm{se` lm`hs Lm{mochs C}aejhs mj |hles j}ms|{es msm{es lm eooiÿj ohj j}ms|{hs

^[IJOIÎH 54 @es ma~{mses lmkmj e~hye{ y {ms~m|e{ e ~{h|mooiÿj lm hslm{mochs c}aejhs ~{hoèaelhs mj m` åaki|h ij|m{j eoihje`*

^[IJOIÎH ;4 @es ma~{mses lmkmj esmf}{e{sm lm jh sm{ oÿa~ìoms

mj ek}shs lm `hs lm{mochs c}aejhs*

ÊO\



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

^[IJOIÎH ?4 @es ma~{mses lmkmj {ms~m|e{ e ikm{|el lm eshoieoiÿj y m`{mohjhoiaimj|h mmo|irh lm` lm{moch e e jmfhoieoiÿj oh`mo|ire*

^[IJOIÎH <4 @es ma~{mses lmkmj mìaije{ |hles es h{aes lm |{ekedh

h{thsh } hkìfe|h{ih*

^[IJOIÎH =4 @es ma~{mses lmkmj ekhì{ lm h{ae mmo|ire m` |{ekedh ijej|i`*

^[IJOIÎH 24 @es ma~{mses lmkmj mìaije{ e liso{iaijeoiÿjohj {ms~mo|h e` ma~`mh y è ho}~eoiÿj*

AMLIOIßJ LM [M_]@\ELH_ Mj è smooiÿj lm Ohèkh{elh{ms lm` Ijh{am _hoie` sm mjo}mj|{e è amlioiÿjlm|e`èle lm j}ms|{hs {ms}`|elhs* Rm{ åfijes 5<!53* Ijlioelh{ms [m`mrej|ms lm` F[I4 @E5 @E; @E? @E< @E= C[5 C[; C[? C[=_H=* Rm{ lm|e``m mj ^åf* 2=2226*

^{ijoi~ihs lm Amlih Eakimj|m

RE@H[M_, ^H@Á\IOE_ Y HKDM\IRH_ Kejoh Fmjm{e` sekm u}m s} eo|irh aås ia~h{|ej|m shj s}s ohèkh{elh{ms ~h{ m``h|imjm ~h`á|ioes oè{es mj o}ej|h e e {mèoiÿj ohj s}s ohèkh{elh{ms y hs ms|åjle{msèkh{e`ms `hs o}e`ms ms|åj ~èsaelhs mj j}ms|{h Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e*

E``á sm lm|e`èj ès ~h`á|ioes lm ohj|{e|eoiÿj ~{hf{eaes lm mj|{mjeaimj|hoha~mjseoiÿj d}s|e se`}l ho}~eoihje è jh |h`m{ejoie e o}eù}im{ |i~h lmliso{iaijeoiÿj h |{ekedh ijej|i`è {m|{heìamj|eoiÿjmj|{m h|{hs*

_ij make{fh Kejoh Fmjm{e` jh ~hsmm jijfôj amoejisah u}m ~m{ai|e m`ms|ek`moiaimj|h lm eshoieoihjms u}m ~{ha}mrmj m` lm{moch e è jmfhoieoiÿjoh`mo|ire* ^h{ m``h jhs oha~{ham|mahs e ia~`mamj|e{ ijioie|ires u}m k}soej le{`mseoomsh e `hs ohèkh{elh{ms ~e{e m~{mse{ s}s ~{mho}~eoihjms jmomsilelms miles {ms~mo|h e e h{fejiteoiÿj ohj {ms~m|h y ikm{|el*

Mj|{m j}ms|{hs hkdm|irhs ~e{e m` ;>5; ms o {me{ }je }jilel lm kimjms|e{ # Vm``jmss )lmj|{h lm` å{me lm [mo}{shs C}aejhs u}m ~{ha}mre e se`}l |ej|h ásioe ohahmahoihje` lm j}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms aås e``å lm` `}fe{ lm |{ekedh* Elmaås{mh{te{mahs j}ms|{h e~hyh e Oese Ms~m{ejte ~e{e ohj|ij}e{ |{ekedejlh ~h{ èm{{elioeoiÿj lm` |{ekedh ijej|i` mj êjeaå*

IA^@MAMJ\EOIßJ Mj m` ;>55 ohj|ij}eahs ~{hahrimjlh m` kimjms|e{ lm j}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{mse |{erés lm }j keèjom elmo}elh mj|{m |{ekedh y {mo{meoiÿj eoomsh e ìfeslm~h{|ires y m{ies lm se`}l aås lm }j ai``ÿj lm lÿè{ms ijrm{|ilhs mjoe~eoi|eoiÿj mj|{m h|{hs* [m~h{|eahs ohj h{f}``h }j ájliom lm {h|eoiÿjse`}lek`m ~e{e è ijl}s|{ie y è ~{msmjoie lm }j 29- lm a}dm{ms mj j}ms|{e}m{te ekh{e`*

Mj m` |mae lm` |{ekedh ijej|i` lms|eoeahs j}ms|{h |{ekedh ohj Oese Ms~m{ejteHJF u}m sm lmlioe e `}oce{ ohj|{e m` |{ekedh ijej|i`*

^[IJOIÎH 64

@es ma~{mses lmkm{åj aej|mjm{ }j mjhu}m~{mrmj|irh u}m erh{mtoe m` amlih eakimj|m*

^[IJOIÎH 34 @es ma~{mses lmkmj hamj|e{ ès ijioie|ires u}m~{ha}mrej }je aeyh{ {ms~hjsekiìlel eakimj|e`*

^[IJOIÎH 94 @es ma~{mses lmkmj erh{mom{ m` lmse{{h``h y e li}siÿj

lm |mojh`hfáes {ms~m|}hses ohj m` amlih eakimj|m*

RE@H[EOIßJ, H@Á\IOE Y HKDM\IRH_ Ohah m` kejoh `hoe` aås f{ejlm lm è ~ète sekmahs u}m |mjmahs }je f{ej{ms~hjsekiìlel mj è ~{hahoiÿj lm è ohjsm{reoiÿj lm` amlih eakimj|m y m`lmse{{h``h shs|mjik`m ms~moieàmj|m e |{erés lm` jejoieaimj|h {ms~hjsek`m*^h{ m``h lmj|{h lm j}ms|{h Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e sm ~èsae oè{eamj|mj}ms|{e ~h`á|ioe4 ‐[ms~e`leahs |hles eu}m`ès eooihjms u}m k}soej m` }sh{eoihje` lm `hs {mo}{shs je|}{e`ms e j}ms|{e lis~hsioiÿj7 k}soeahs mj |hlhahamj|h e ohjsm{reoiÿj lm` eakimj|m‑*

J}ms|{e ~h`á|ioe sm e~ìoe e j}ms|{es h~m{eoihjms lie{ies ye u}m |{e|eahs lm}|iìte{ `hs {mo}{shs je|}{e`ms lm h{ae moimj|m y lm ai|ife{ j}ms|{e c}m`èeakimj|e`7 ~m{h elmaås sm e~ìoe li{mo|eamj|m e j}ms|{h h{ae lm ceom{ jmfhoihs e |{erés lm` _is|mae lm Fms|iÿj lm [imsfh Eakimj|e` y _hoie` #_FE_)}j sis|mae u}m rmè ~h{u}m j}ms|{es lmoisihjms lm o{éli|h ohjsilm{mj eo|h{mslm {imsfh eakimj|e` y shoie` mj|{m `hs ~}j|hs kåsiohs lm ejåìsis lm oele~{h~}ms|e o{mli|ioie* ê{e m` eõh u}m mj|{e ms|e{mahs ea~ìejlh j}ms|{h ~{hf{eae lm {moioèdm ohjm` hkdm|irh lm ijo{mamj|e{ e }j 5=- m` ~h{omj|edm lm ~e~m` u}m {moioèahs esáohah }j ijo{mamj|h lm` =- mj m` {moioèdm lm e`}aijih ~ ås|ioh M\ y \m|{e eg*

Elmaås mj m` ;>5; Kejoh Fmjm{e` ohamjte {å e mdmo} |e{ }je `ájme lmijejoieaimj|h ‐rm{lm‑ u}m }m h|h{fele ~h{ m` Kejoh lm Lmse{{h``hIj|m{eam{ioejh*

^{ijoi~ihs lm Ms|åjle{ms @ekh{e`ms

ÊO\



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

IA^@MAMJ\EOIßJ Mj ;>55 Kejoh Fmjm{e` sm ohjri{|iÿ mj è ~{iam{e ijs|i|}oiÿj jejoim{e~ejeamõe mj sm{ Aimak{h _ifje|e{ih lm è Ijioie|ire Bijejoim{e lm` ^{hf{eaelm es Jeoihjms ]jiles ~e{e m` Amlih Eakimj|m #]JM^ BI)* Ohj e {ae lm ms|mlho}amj|h Kejoh Fmjm{e` sm oha~{ham|m e |{ekede{ ~h{ `hs ~{ijoi~ihs lm èeìejte k}soejlh ilmj|ioe{ es amdh{ms ~{åo|ioes mj m` smo|h{ y sm{ álm{ mj m`lmse{{h``h lm e lmjhaijele kejoe shs|mjik`m* J}ms|{h _is|mae lm Fms|iÿj lm [imsfh Eakimj|e` y _hoie` ohj|ij}ÿohjshìlåjlhsm mj m` ;>55 e~ìoåjlhsm mj es å{mes lm Kejoe Oh{~h{e|ire KejoeOham{oie` Kejoe lm Ijrm{siÿj Kejoe Ij|m{jeoihje` m Ci~h|moes [msilmjoie`ms*

E jirm` ij|m{jh ai|ifeahs j}ms|{e c}m`è eakimj|e` e |{erés lm è ~{åo|ioelm ès |{ms [4 [ml}ooiÿj [m}|iìteoiÿj y [moioèdm* Amliahs m` ohjs}ah y m`

{moioèdm lm lim{mj|ms ae|m{ie`ms ms~moieàmj|m m` ~e~m` u}m ms m` lm aås }shmj j}ms|{h jmfhoih* Elmaås `mreahs e oekh }je oea~eõe ohj|ij}e lm ech{{hmjm{fé|ioh y m`mreahs è ohjoimjoie lm j}ms|{h ~m{shje` ohj {ms~mo|h e ms|hs|maes ohjs|ej|mamj|m e |{erés lm e mmo|ire oha}jioeoiÿj ij|m{je* Ohj j}ms|{hs oìmj|ms ~{hahrmahs m` }sh lm e kejoe m`mo|{ÿjioe ~e{e mri|e{ m`|{ejs~h{|m e s}o}{se`ms m` }sh lm` ~e~m` y lmaås fes|hs lm {mo}{shs* Elmaås ms~m{ai|iahs lhje{ e`f}jhs lm s}s kmjmoihs eo}a}èlhs mj |e{dm|es lm o{éli|h~e{e e lhjeoiÿj lm å{kh`ms* ê{e ohjhom{ aås lm|e``ms lm è ia~`mamj|eoiÿj rm{ lm|e``ms mj j}ms|{h Ijh{am_hoie` ès ~åfijes4 ;<!;9*

AMLIOIßJ LM [M_]@\ELH_

Mj è smooiÿj Amlih Eakimj|m lm` Ijh{am _hoie` sm mjo}mj|{e è amlioiÿjlm|e`èle lm j}ms|{hs {ms}`|elhs* Rm{ åfijes ;<!;9* Ijlioelh{ms [m`mrej|ms lm` F[I4 MO; MJ53 MJ;2 MJ?> _H=* Rm{ lm|e``m mj ^åf*2? 2< 2= y 26* Ijlioelh{ms lm` _}~`mamj|h shk{m m` _mo|h{ lm _m{rioihs Bijejoim{hs4Lmsma~mõh eakimj|e` lm` F[I4 B5 B; B? B< B= B2 B6 B3 B9 B5> B55 B5;B5?* Rm{ lm|e``m mj ^åf* 29*

RE@H[EOIßJ, H@Á\IOE Y HKDM\IRH_

Kejoh Fmjm{e` ms|å oha~{ham|ilh e `}oce{ ohj|{e è oh{{ }~oiÿj mj |hles s}sh{aes y msm oha~{haish ms|å ~èsaelh mj j}ms|{e Risiÿj Aisiÿj Re`h{ms y Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e* Mj ms|m Oÿlifh sm lm|e`èj mj|{m h|{es ~h`á|ioes eaejm{e lm mj{mj|e{ `hs ohjbio|hs lm ij|m{és è ~h`á|ioe lm` {moikh y mj|{mfelm {mfe`hs j}ms|{e jm}|{eìlel ~h`á|ioe y m` aejmdh y ohjlmjoieìlel lm èijh{aeoiÿj* J}ms|{e o}`|}{e oh{~h{e|ire ms|å kesele mj `hs aås e`|hs re`h{msé|iohs y lmj|{h lm è h{fejiteoiÿj jh sm |h`m{e jijfôj |i~h lm oha~h{|eaimj|hej|i!é|ioh*

Elmaås j}ms|{hs ms|elhs jejoim{hs shj e}li|elhs ~h{ }je mj|ilelijlm~mjlimj|m y ohj|eahs ohj }j sis|mae lm Fhkim{jh Oh{~h{e|irhlmkileamj|m ms|{}o|}{elh ~e{e fe{ej|ite{ è |{ejs~e{mjoie mj è |hae lmlmoisihjms y esifjeoiÿj lm {mo}{shs*

e{e m` ~{ÿiah eõh |mjmahs mj|{m j}ms|{hs hkdm|irhs è ohj|ij}eoiÿjoe~eoi|eoiÿj e j}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms mj |maes lm ~{mrmjoiÿj lm {e}lm y mò}a~ìaimj|h lm j}ms|{h Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e*

IA^@MAMJ\EOIßJ

^hlmahs {m~h{|e{ u}m m` 5>>- lm `hs ohèkh{elh{ms u}m ijf{msej e` kejohshj oe~eoi|elhs mj m` Oÿlifh lm É|ioe y Ohjl}o|e y ohjhomj e hjlh o}e`ms m` oha~h{|eaimj|h u}m sm ms~m{e lm oele lm }jh lm m``hs* E jirm` lmoha}jioeoiÿj ij|m{je aej|mjmahs m` |mae lm è é|ioe ohah ~e{|m ij|mf{e` lmè ohjrm{seoiÿj ohj j}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms e |hlhs `hs jirm`ms* Mj m` ;>55 ~h{ mdma~`h ~}kìoeahs smaejeàmj|m {mbmihjms mj è ij|{ejm| lm` kejoh ohjejéolh|es m cis|h{ies u}m {mse`|e{hj re`h{ms y ~{ijoi~ihs é|iohs*

E}jelh e ms|h mj m` ;>55 ;<2= ohèkh{elh{ms lm` kejoh }m{hj oe~eoi|elhsmj m` |mae lm ~{mrmjoiÿj lm èrelh lm lijm{h je{oh|{åoh y jejoieaimj|hlm` |m{{h{isah* Ohj|eahs |eakiéj ohj }je ~h`á|ioe lm ~}m{|es ekim{|es ~e{e lmj}joies lmoeshs lm oh{{}~oiÿj y h{momahs e j}ms|{hs ohèkh{elh{ms }je li{mooiÿj lmoh{{mh mj m` u}m ~}mlmj mso{iki{ ohj l}l es u}mdes h shìoi|}lms ohj {ms~mo|he |maes é|iohs h lm {ms~hjsekiìlel shoie` ma~{mse{ie`*

Ohj|eahs elmaås ohj }j sis|mae lm Fhkim{jh Oh{~h{e|irh*

ê{e ohjhom{ aås lm|e``ms lm Ia~`mamj|eoiÿj erh{ rm{ es ~åfijes 3!9*

AMLIOIßJ LM [M_]@\ELH_ Mj e smooiÿj É|ioe y \{ejs~e{mjoie lm` Ijh{am _hoie` sm mjo}mj|{e e amlioiÿjlm|e`èle lm j}ms|{hs {ms}`|elhs* Rm{ åfijes 3!9* Ijlioelh{ms [m`mrej|ms lm` F[I 4 _H; _H? _H< _H= _H2* Rm{ lm|e``m mj ^åf* 26*

ÊO\

^[IJOIÎH 5>4 @es ma~{mses lmkmj |{ekede{ mj ohj|{e lm è oh{{}~oiÿjmj |hles s}s h{aes, ijo`}iles è m|h{siÿj y m` shkh{jh*

^{ijoi~ihs lm Ej|i Oh{{}~oiÿj



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55

Mj ms|m Ijh{am _hoie` j}mreamj|m ijoh{~h{eahs`hs ijlioelh{ms lm lmsma~mõh lm` F[I ~}ms{mohjhomahs u}m shj }je cm{{eaimj|e reìhse~e{e e amlioiÿj lm hs {ms}`|elhs mj m` lmsma~mõhmohjÿaioh amliheakimj|e` y shoie`*

^m{ai|mj h{mom{ reìhse ijh{aeoiÿj |ej|ho}eì|e|ire ohah o}ej|i|e|ire shk{m `hs {ms}`|elhsh mmo|hs lm j}ms|{e h{fejiteoiÿj* E è rmt jhs~m{ai|mj oha~e{e{ hs erejoms e |{erés lm` |ima~h*

Mj ms|e mlioiÿj cmahs ijoh{~h{elh }je `ájme kåsioe

lm `hs ijlioelh{ms lm lmsma~mõh lm` _}~`mamj|hshk{m m` _mo|h{ lm _m{rioihs Bijejoim{hs4Lmsma~mõh eakimj|e`* Lmse{{h`èlh ~h{ m` F[Imj ohèkh{eoiÿj ohj è Ijioie|ire Bijejoim{e lm`^{hf{eae lm ès Jeoihjms ]jiles ~e{e m` Amlih

Eakimj|m #]JM^ BI)*

@H_ IJLIOELH[M_ LM@F@HKE@[M^H[\IJFIJI\IE\IRM #F[I)

\I^H LM IJLIOELH[ E_^MO\H OE\MFH[ÁE O@ERM LM_O[IÔIßJ LM@ IJLIOELH[

Lmsma~mõhmohjÿaioh

LM_MA^MÕHMOHJßAIOH

^[IJOIÊ@ MO5

Re`h{ mohjÿaioh li{mo|h fmjm{elh ylis|{ik}ilh, ijo`}ymjlh ijf{mshs, ohs|mslm m~`h|eoiÿj, {m|{ik}oiÿj e ma~`melhs,lhjeoihjms y h|{es ijrm{sihjms mj èoha}jilel, kmjmoihs jh lis|{ik}ilhsy ~efhs e ~{hrmmlh{ms lm oe~i|e` y efhkim{jhs*


LM_MA^MÕHMOHJßAIOH ^[IJOIÊ@ MO;

Ohjsmo}mjoies jejoim{es y h|{hs {imsfhsy h~h{|}jilelms ~e{e es eo|irilelms lm èh{fejiteoiÿj lmkilh e` oeakih oìaå|ioh*


LM_MA^MÕHMOHJßAIOH ^[IJOIÊ@ MO?

Ohkm{|}{e lm ès hkìfeoihjms lm èh{fejiteoiÿj lmkiles e ~{hf{eaes lmkmjmoihs shoie`ms*


LM_MA^MÕHMOHJßAIOH ^[IJO I E@ MO<

Ey}les jejoim{es sifjioe|ires {moikileslm fhkim{jhs*


^[M_MJOIE MJ M@AM[OELH ELIOIHJE@ MO=

[ejfh lm ès {mèoihjms mj|{m m` seè{ihijioie` ms|åjle{ y m` seè{ih aájiah `hoe` mj`}fe{ms lhjlm sm lmse{{h``mj h~m{eoihjmssifjioe|ires*


^[M_MJOIE MJ M@AM[OELH ^[IJO I E@ MO2

^h`á|ioe, ~{åo|ioes y ~{h~h{oiÿj lm fes|hoh{{ms~hjlimj|m e ~{hrmmlh{ms hoe`ms mj`}fe{ms lhjlm sm lmse{{h``mj h~m{eoihjmssifjioe|ires*


^[M_MJOIE MJ M@AM[OELH ^[IJOIÊ@ MO6

^{homliaimj|hs ~e{e è ohj|{e|eoiÿj `hoe` y~{h~h{oiÿj lm e`|hs li{mo|irhs ~{homlmj|mslm è oha}jilel `hoe` mj `}fe{ms lhjlm smlmse{{h``mj h~m{eoihjms sifjioe|ires*


IAÊO\H_MOHJßAIOH_IJLI[MO\H_

^[IJO I E@ MO3

Lmse{{h``h m ia~eo|h lm ès ijrm{sihjms mjij{ems|{}o|}{es y hs sm{rioihs ~{ms|elhs~{ijoi~eàmj|m ~e{e m` kmjmoih ~ôkìohamliej|m oha~{haishs oham{oie`ms, ~{hkhjh, h mj ms~moim*


IAÊO\H_MOHJßAIOH_IJLI[MO\H_

ELIOIHJE@ MO9

Mj|mjliaimj|h y lmso{i~oiÿj lm `hs

ia~eo|hs mohjÿaiohs ijli{mo|hssifjioe|irhs, ijo`}ymjlh m` eòejom lmliochs ia~eo|hs*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` AE\M[IE@M_ ^[IJOIÊ@ MJ5 Ae|m{ie`ms }|iìtelhs, ~h{ ~msh h rh`}amj*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` AE\M[IE@M_ ^[IJOIÊ@ MJ;

^h{omj|edm lm `hs ae|m{ie`ms }|iìtelhs u}mshj ae|m{ie`ms re`h{itelhs*

F@HKE@[M^H[\IJF

F]ÁE IJ\M[JEOIHJE@4



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55


Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

KIHLIRM[_ILEL ELIOIHJE@ MJ5? Cåki|e|s ~{h|mfilhs h {ms|e}{elhs*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

KIHLIRM[_ILEL ELIOIHJE@ MJ5<Ms|{e|mfies y eooihjms ia~èj|eles y~èjioeles ~e{e è fms|iÿj lm ia~eo|hsshk{m è kihlirm{silel*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` KIHLIRM[_ILEL ELIOIHJE@ MJ5=

Jôam{h lm ms~moims, lmsf`hseles mjb}joiÿj lm s} ~mìf{h lm m|ijoiÿj, ijo`}ilesmj è @is|e [hde lm è I]OJ y mj ìs|elhsjeoihje`ms y o}yhs cåki|e|s sm mjo}mj|{mjmj å{mes ebmo|eles ~h{ ès h~m{eoihjms

smfôj m` f{elh lm eamjete lm è ms~moim*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

MAI_IHJM_,RM[\ILH_ Y[M_IL]H_

^ [I JO I E @ M J5 2Maisihjms |h|e`ms, li{mo|es m ijli{mo|es, lmfesms lm mbmo|h ijrm{jelm{h, mj ~msh*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


^[IJOIÊ@ MJ56 H|{es maisihjms ijli{mo|es lm fesms lmmbmo|h ijrm{jelm{h, mj ~msh*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


ELIOIHJE@ MJ53Ijioie|ires ~e{e {ml}oi{ es maisihjmslm fesms lm mbmo|h ijrm{jelm{h y ès{ml}ooihjms `hf{eles*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


^[IJOIÊ@ MJ59Maisihjms lm s}s|ejoies lms|{}o|h{es lm èoe~e hthjh, mj ~msh*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


^ [I JO I E @ M J; >JH, _H y h|{es maisihjms sifjioe|ires eèi{m ~h{ |i~h y ~msh*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

MAI_IHJM_,

RM[\ILH_ Y[M_IL]H_

^ [I JO I E @ M J; 5 Rm{|iaimj|h |h|e` lm ef}es {msil}e`ms, smfôjs} je|}{e`mte y lms|ijh*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


^ [I JO I E @ M J; ; ^msh |h|e` lm {msil}hs fms|ihjelhs, smfôj|i~h y aé|hlh lm |{e|eaimj|h*

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


^[IJOIÊ@ MJ;? Jôam{h |h|e` y rh`}amj lm `hs lm{{eamseooilmj|e`ms aås sifjioe|irhs*

\I^H LM IJLIOELH[ E_^MO\H OE\MFH[ÁE O@ERM LM_O[IÔIßJ LM@ IJLIOELH[ ^ÅFIJE

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` MJM[FÁE ^[IJOIÊ@ MJ?

Ohjs}ah li{mo|h lm mjm{fáe lmsf`hselh~h{ b}mj|ms ~{iae{ies* ;3

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` MJM[FÁE ^[IJOIÊ@ MJ<

Ohjs}ah ijli{mo|h lm mjm{fáe lmsf`hselh~h{ b}mj|ms ~{iae{ies*

JhLis~hjik`m

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

MJM[FÁE ELIOIHJE@ MJ= Ech{{h lm mjm{fáe lmkilh e è ohjsm{reoiÿjy e amdh{es mj è moimjoie*

;6!;3

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` MJM[FÁE ELIOIHJE@ MJ2

Ijioie|ires ~e{e ~{h~h{oihje{ ~{hl}o|hsy sm{rioihs mboimj|ms mj m` ohjs}ah lmmjm{fáe h keselhs mj mjm{fáes {mjhrek`ms,y ès {ml}ooihjms mj m` ohjs}ah lm mjm{fáeohah {ms}`|elh lm lioces ijioie|ires*

;2!;6

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

MJM[FÁE ELIOIHJE@ MJ6Ijioie|ires ~e{e {ml}oi{ m` ohjs}ah ijli{mo|hlm mjm{fáe y ès {ml}ooihjms `hf{eles ohjlioces ijioie|ires*

JhLis~hjik`m

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

EF]E ^[IJOIÊ@ MJ3 Oe~|eoiÿj |h|e` lm ef}e ~h{ b}mj|ms* Jh E~ìoe

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` EF]E ELIOIHJE@ MJ9

B}mj|ms lm ef}e u}m cej silh ebmo|elessifjioe|ireamj|m ~h{ è oe~|eoiÿj lm ef}e* Jh E~ìoe

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

EF]E ELIOIHJE@ MJ5> ^h{omj|edm y rh`}amj |h|e` lm ef}e{moioèle y {m}|iìtele*

Jh E~ìoe

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` KIHLIRM[_ILEL ^ [I JO I E @ M J5 5

Lmso{i~oiÿj lm |m{{mjhs elyeomj|ms h

}kioelhs lmj|{h lm ms~eoihs je|}{e`ms~{h|mfilhs h lm å{mes lm e`|e kihlirm{sileljh ~{h|mfiles* Ijláu}msm è `hoeìteoiÿjy m` |eaeõh lm |m{{mjhs mj ~{h~imlel,e{{mjlelhs, h u}m shj fms|ihjelhs lm e`|hre`h{ mj kihlirm{silel mj thjes edmjes eå{mes ~{h|mfiles*

=9!2>

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

KIHLIRM[_ILEL ^ [I JO I E @ M J5 ;

Lmso{i~oiÿj lm `hs ia~eo|hs aåssifjioe|irhs mj è kihlirm{silel mjms~eoihs je|}{e`ms ~{h|mfilhs h mj å{mes lme`|e kihlirm{silel jh ~{h|mfiles, lm{irelhslm ès eo|irilelms, ~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs mjå{mes ~{h|mfiles y mj å{mes lm e`|h re`h{ mjkihlirm{silel mj thjes edmjes e ès å{mes~{h|mfiles*

=9!2>

F@HKE@[M^H[\IJF



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55


Lmsma~mõhlm ^{åo|ioes

@ekh{e`ms y é|ioelm` |{ekedh

[M@EOIHJM_MA^[M_E(

\[EKEDELH[M_^[IJOIÊ@ @E=

^m{ihlh#s) aájiah#s) lm ~{merish {mè|irh#s) eoeakihs h{fejite|irhs, ijo`}ymjlh si ms|esjh|iboeoihjms shj ms~moiboeles mj `hsohjrmjihs oh`mo|irhs*



_E@]L Y_MF][ILEL MJ M@

\[EKEDH ELIOIHJE@ @E2

^h{omj|edm lm` |h|e` lm |{ekedelh{ms u}mms|å {m~{msmj|elh mj ohai|és lm se`}ly smf}{ilel ohjd}j|hs lm li{mooiÿj!ma~`melhs, ms|ek`moilhs ~e{e ey}le{ eohj|{hè{ y esmsh{e{ shk{m ~{hf{eaes lmse`}l y smf}{ilel mj m` |{ekedh*




\[EKEDH^[IJOIÊ@ @E6

\eses lm eksmj|isah, mjbm{amlelms~{hbmsihje`ms, láes ~m{lilhs y jôam{hlm ráo|iaes ah{|e`ms {mèoihjeles ohj m`|{ekedh ~h{ {mfiÿj*




\[EKEDH^[IJO I E@ @E3

^{hf{eaes lm ml}oeoiÿj, bh{aeoiÿj,esmsh{eaimj|h, ~{mrmjoiÿj y ohj|{h` lm{imsfhs u}m sm e~ìu}mj e `hs |{ekedelh{ms,e s}s eaiìes h e `hs aimak{hs lm èoha}jilel mj {mèoiÿj ohj mjbm{amlelmsf{erms*




\[EKEDH ELIOIHJE@ @E9

Es}j|hs lm se`}l y smf}{ilel o}kim{|hs mjeo}m{lhs bh{ae`ms ohj sijlioe|hs*



BH[AEOIßJ YML]OEOIßJ

^ [I JO I E @ @ E5 >^{hamlih lm ch{es lm bh{aeoiÿj e` eõh ~h{ma~`melh, lmsf`hselh ~h{ oe|mfh{áe lmma~`melh*



BH[AEOIßJ YML]OEOIßJ

ELIOIHJE@ @E55

^{hf{eaes lm fms|iÿj lm cekiìlelms ylm bh{aeoiÿj ohj|ijôe u}m bhamj|mj èma~`mekiìlel lm hs |{ekedelh{ms y u}m`ms e~hymj mj è fms|iÿj lm` je` lm s}soe{{m{es ~{hbmsihje`ms*



BH[AEOIßJ YML]OEOIßJ ELIOIHJE@ @E5;

^h{omj|edm lm ma~`melhs u}m {moikmjmre`}eoihjms {mf}è{ms lm` lmsma~mõh y lmlmse{{h``h ~{hbmsihje`*

Lmsma~mõh

lm ^{åo|ioes@ekh{e`ms y é|ioelm` |{ekedh

LIRM[_ILEL M

IF]E@LEL LMH^H[\]JILELM_

^[IJOIÊ@ @E5?

Oha~hsioiÿj lm `hs ÿ{fejhs lm fhkim{jh

oh{~h{e|irh y ~èj|i`è, lmsf`hselh ~h{ smh,f{}~h lm mlel, ~m{|mjmjoie e aijh{áes yh|{hs ijlioelh{ms lm lirm{silel*



LIRM[_ILEL MIF]E@LEL LM

H^H[\]JILELM_^ [I JO I E @ @ E5 <

[mèoiÿj mj|{m seè{ih kesm lm `hs chak{msohj {ms~mo|h e` lm ès a}dm{ms, lmsf`hselh~h{ oe|mfh{áe ~{hbmsihje`*

Lmsma~mõhlm Lm{mochs

C}aejhs

^[ÅO\IOE_ LMIJRM[_IßJ Y

EKE_\MOIAIMJ\H^[IJOIÊ@ C[5

^h{omj|edm y jôam{h |h|e` lm eo}m{lhslm ijrm{siÿj sifjioe|irhs u}m ijo`}yejo`å}s}ès lm lm{mochs c}aejhs h u}mceyej silh hkdm|h lm ejåìsis mj ae|m{ie lmlm{mochs c}aejhs*


Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


ELIOIHJE@ MJ;<

^msh lm `hs {msil}hs |{ejs~h{|elhs,ia~h{|elhs, m~h{|elhs h |{e|elhs u}m smohjsilm{ej ~mìf{hshs smfôj e oèsioeoiÿjlm` Ohjrmjih lm Kesi`me, ejmhs I, II, III yRIII y ~h{omj|edm lm {msil}hs |{ejs~h{|elhsij|m{jeoihjeàmj|m*

Jh E~ìoe

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`


ELIOIHJE@ MJ;=

Ilmj|ioeoiÿj, |eaeõh, ms|elh lm~{h|mooiÿj y re`h{ lm kihlirm{silel lm{mo}{shs cál{iohs y cåki|e|s {mèoihjelhs,ebmo|elhs sifjioe|ireamj|m ~h{ rm{|ilhslm ef}e y ef}es lm msoh{{mj|áe lm èh{fejiteoiÿj ijbh{aej|m*

Jh E~ìoe

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

^[HL]O\H_ Y_M[RIOIH_

^ [IJ OIÊ @ M J; 2Ijioie|ires ~e{e ai|ife{ `hs ia~eo|hseakimj|e`ms lm `hs ~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs, yf{elh lm {ml}ooiÿj lm msm ia~eo|h*

;<!;9

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

^[HL]O\H_ Y_M[RIOIH_

^[IJOIÊ@ MJ;6

^h{omj|edm lm ~{hl}o|hs rmjlilhs, ys}s ae|m{ie`ms lm makeèdm, u}m shj{mo}~m{elhs e` je` lm s} rile ô|i`, ~h{oe|mfh{áes lm ~{hl}o|hs*

Jh E~ìoe

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

O]A^@IAIMJ\HJH[AE\IRH ^ [IJ OIÊ @ M J; 3

Ohs|m lm ès a}`|es sifjioe|ires yjôam{h lm sejoihjms jh ahjm|e{ies ~h{ijo}a~ìaimj|h lm è jh{ae|ire eakimj|e`*

;2

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e`

\ [E J_ H [\ M E LI OI HJ E@ MJ;9

Ia~eo|hs eakimj|e`ms sifjioe|irhs lm`|{ejs~h{|m lm ~{hl}o|hs y h|{hs kimjms yae|m{ie`ms }|iìtelhs ~e{e es eo|irilelms lmè h{fejiteoiÿj, esá ohah lm` |{ejs~h{|m lm~m{shje`*

Jh E~ìoe

Lmsma~mõheakimj|e` FMJM[E@ ELIOIHJE@ MJ?>

Lmsf`hsm ~h{ |i~h lm` |h|e` lm fes|hs mijrm{sihjms eakimj|e`ms*

JhLis~hjik`m



MA^@MH ^[IJOIÊ@ @E5 Lmsf`hsm lm` oh`mo|irh lm |{ekedelh{ms ~h{|i~h lm ma~`mh, ~h{ ohj|{e|h y ~h{ {mfiÿj*

5<!5=

Lmsma~mõh

lm ^{åo|ioes@ekh{e`ms y é|ioelm` |{ekedh

MA^@MH ^[IJOIÊ@ @E;Jôam{h |h|e` lm ma~`melhs y {h|eoiÿjamlie lm ma~`melhs, lmsf`hselhs ~h{f{}~h lm mlel, smh y {mfiÿj*

5<!5=



MA^@MH ELIOIHJE@ @E?

Kmjmoihs shoie`ms ~e{e `hs ma~`melhs ohj dh{jele oha~`m|e, u}m jh sm hb{momj e `hsma~`melhs |ma~h{e`ms h lm amlie dh{jele,lmsf`hselh ~h{ eo|irilel ~{ijoi~e`*

5<!53



[M@EOIHJM_MA^[M_E(

\[EKEDELH[M_^[ IJO I E@ @E < ^h{omj|edm lm ma~`melhs o}kim{|hs ~h{ }j

ohjrmjih oh`mo|irh*=3

F@HKE@[M^H[\IJF



IJBH[AM _HOIE@

KF ;>55



C}aejhs


EKE_\MOIAIMJ\H^[ IJ OIÊ@ C[ ;

^h{omj|edm lm hs ~{ijoi~e`ms lis|{ik}ilh{msy ohj|{e|is|es u}m cej silh hkdm|h lmejåìsis mj ae|m{ie lm lm{mochs c}aejhs, yamliles elh~|eles ohah ohjsmo}mjoie*

;?


C}aejhs


EKE_\MOIAIMJ\H ELIOIHJE@ C[?

\h|e` lm ch{es lm bh{aeoiÿj lm `hsma~`melhs shk{m ~h`á|ioes y ~{homliaimj|hs{mèoihjelhs ohj eu}m``hs es~mo|hs lm hslm{mochs c}aejhs {m`mrej|ms ~e{e s}seo|irilelms, ijo`}ymjlh m` ~h{omj|edm lmma~`melhs bh{aelhs*

53, 25


C}aejhs

JHLI_O[IAIJEOIßJ ^[ IJO I E@ C[<

Jôam{h |h|e` lm ijoilmj|ms lmliso{iaijeoiÿj y amliles elh~|eles*

3!9#Oÿlifhlm É|ioe)


C}aejhs

@IKM[\EL LM E_HOIEOIßJY OHJRMJIH_OH@MO\IRH_

^[IJOIÊ@ C[=

Eo|irilelms lm è oha~eõáe mj ès u}mm` lm{moch e ìkm{|el lm eshoieoiÿj y lmeohfm{sm e ohjrmjihs oh`mo|irhs ~}mlejoh{{m{ ia~h{|ej|ms {imsfhs, y amlileselh~|eles ~e{e {ms~e`le{ ms|hs lm{mochs*

=3!=9


C}aejhs

MS^@H\EOIßJIJBEJ\I@

^[IJO I E@ C[2

Eo|irilelms ilmj|iboeles u}m ohj`mrej}j {imsfh ~h|mjoie` lm ijoilmj|ms lmm~`h|eoiÿj ijbej|i`, y amliles elh~|eles~e{e ohj|{ik}i{ e s} mìaijeoiÿj*

;<!;2,=3!=9


C}aejhs

\[EKEDH_BH[TELH_

^[IJOIÊ@ C[6

H~m{eoihjms ilmj|ioeles ohah lm {imsfhsifjioe|irh lm sm{ h{ifmj lm m~ishlihslm |{ekedh bh{telh h jh ohjsmj|ilh, y èsamliles elh~|eles ~e{e ohj|{ik}i{ e s}mìaijeoiÿj*

JhLis~hjik`m


C}aejhs

^[ÅO\IOE_ LM_MF][ILEL ELIOIHJE@ C[3

^h{omj|edm lm` ~m{shje` lm smf}{ilelu}m ce silh bh{aelh mj ès ~h`á|ioes h~{homliaimj|hs lm è h{fejiteoiÿj mjes~mo|hs lm lm{mochs c}aejhs {m`mrej|ms~e{e ès eo|irilelms*

JhLis~hjik`m


C}aejhs

LM[MOCH_ LM @H_IJLÁFMJE_ ELIOIHJE@ C[9

Jôam{h |h|e` lm ijoilmj|ms {mèoihjelhsohj rihèoihjms lm `hs lm{mochs lm `hsijláfmjes y amliles elh~|eles*

3!9, 22!26

Lmsma~mõh lm_hoimlel OHA]JILEL ^[IJOIÊ@ _H5

Je|}{e`mte, eòejom y mbmo|irilel lm~{hf{eaes y ~{åo|ioes ~e{e mre`}e{ y

fms|ihje{ `hs ia~eo|hs lm ès h~m{eoihjmsmj ès oha}jilelms, ijo`}ymjlh mj|{ele,h~m{eoiÿj y seìle lm è ma~{mse*

JhLis~hjik`m

Lmsma~mõh lm_hoimlel

OH[[]ÔIßJ ^[IJOIÊ@ _H;^h{omj|edm y jôam{h |h|e` lm }jilelms lmjmfhoih ejeìteles ohj {ms~mo|h e {imsfhs{mèoihjelhs ohj è oh{{}~oiÿj*

JhLis~hjik`m


O H[ [] O Iß J ^ [IJ OIÊ @ _H?^h{omj|edm lm ma~`melhs h{aelhs mj ès~h`á|ioes y ~{homliaimj|hs ej|i!oh{{}~oiÿjlm è h{fejiteoiÿj*

3, 25


Lmsma~mõh lm_hoimlel OH[[]ÔIßJ ^[IJOIÊ@ _H<

Amliles |haeles mj {ms~}ms|e e ijoilmj|mslm oh{{}~oiÿj*


^H@Á\IOE ^ÔK@IOE ^[IJOIÊ@ _H=^hsioiÿj mj ès ~h`á|ioes ~ôkìoes y~e{|ioi~eoiÿj mj m` lmse{{h``h lm ès aisaesy lm eo|irilelms lm ‐`hkkyijf‑*


^H@Á\IOE ^ÔK@IOE ELIOIHJE@ _H2

Re`h{ |h|e` lm ès e~h{|eoihjms jejoim{es y mjms~moim e ~e{|ilhs ~h`á|iohs h e ijs|i|}oihjms{mèoihjeles, ~h{ ~eásms*

#Oÿlifh lm é|ioe)


OHA^H[\EAIMJ\HLM OHA^M\MJOIE

LM_@ME@ ELIOIHJE@ _H6

Jôam{h |h|e` lm eooihjms ~h{ oe}ses{mèoihjeles ohj ~{åo|ioes ahjh~h`ás|ioesy ohj|{e è ìk{m oha~m|mjoie, y s}s{ms}`|elhs*


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Re`h{ ahjm|e{ih lm sejoihjms y a}`|essifjioe|ires y jôam{h |h|e` lm sejoihjmsjh ahjm|e{ies lm{ireles lm` ijo}a~ìaimj|hlm ès `myms y {mf}èoihjms*

Lmsma~mõh lm è[ms~hjsekiìlelshk{m ~{hl}o|hs

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Besms lm` oio`h lm rile lm `hs ~{hl}o|hsy sm{rioihs mj ès u}m sm mre`ôej, ~ e{e mjs} oesh sm{ amdh{elhs, `hs ia~eo|hs lm`hs aisahs mj è se`}l y smf}{ilel lm `hsoìmj|ms, y ~h{omj|edm lm oe|mfh{áes lm~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs sifjioe|irhs s}dm|hs e|e`ms ~{homliaimj|hs lm mre`}eoiÿj*


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O@IMJ\M ELIOIHJE@ ^[;

Jôam{h |h|e` lm ijoilmj|ms lm{irelhs lmìjo}a~ìaimj|h è {mf}èoiÿj `mfe` h lm `hsoÿlifhs rh`}j|e{ihs {mè|irhs e `hs ia~eo|hslm `hs ~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs mj è se`}ly è smf}{ilel l}{ej|m s} oio`h lm rile,lis|{ik}ilhs mj b}joiÿj lm` |i~h lm {ms}`|elhlm liochs ijoilmj|ms*

Lmsma~mõh lm è[ms~hjsekiìlel

shk{m ~{hl}o|hs

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\i~hs lm ijbh{aeoiÿj shk{m `hs ~{hl}o|hsy sm{rioihs u}m shj {mu}m{ilhs ~h{ `hs~{homliaimj|hs mj rifh{ y è jh{ae|ire, y

~h{omj|edm lm ~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs s}dm|hse |e`ms {mu}m{iaimj|hs ijbh{ae|irhs*



_M[RIOIH_ ELIOIHJE@ ^[<

Jôam{h |h|e` lm ijo}a~ìaimj|hs lm è{mf}èoiÿj y lm `hs oÿlifhs rh`}j|e{ihs{mè|irhs e è ijbh{aeoiÿj y e` m|iu}m|elhlm `hs ~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs, lis|{ik}ilhsmj b}joiÿj lm` |i~h lm {ms}`|elh lm liochsijoilmj|ms*



_M[RIOIH_ ELIOIHJE@ ^[=

^{åo|ioes ohj {ms~mo|h e è se|isbeooiÿj lmòìmj|m, ijo`}ymjlh `hs {ms}`|elhs lm `hsms|}lihs lm se|isbeooiÿj lm` oìmj|m*

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IJBH[AM _HOIE@

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[MBM[MJOIE IJLIOELH[ EOH[LELH ^

B5Lmso{i~oiÿj lm ès ~h`á|ioes amliheakimj|e`ms e~ìoeles e ès`ájmes lm jmfhoih kåsioes* ;<!;

B; Lmso{i~oiÿj lm `hs ~{homshs ~e{e mre`}e{ y ohj|{hè{ `hs {imsfhsamliheakimj|e`ms mj ès `ájmes lm jmfhoih kåsioes*

;

B?Ms|ek`moiaimj|h lm `hs }ak{e`ms e ~e{|i{ lm `hs o}e`ms sm e~ìoej`hs ~{homliaimj|hs lm mre`}eoiÿj lm {imsfhs amliheakimj|e`ms eoele `ájme lm jmfhoih kåsioe*

;

B<Lmso{i~oiÿj lm `hs ~{homshs lm ia~`mamj|eoiÿj y o}a~ìaimj|h~h{ ~e{|m lm `hs oìmj|ms lm `hs es~mo|hs amliheakimj|e`mslm|mo|elhs mj `hs ~{homshs lm mre`}eoiÿj lm {imsfhs*

;

B=Lmso{i~oiÿj lm `hs ~{homshs ~e{e amdh{e{ è oha~m|mjoie lm`hs ma~`melhs e è ch{e lm ekh{le{ `hs {imsfhs y h~h{|}jilelmsamliheakimj|e`ms*

;

B2Jôam{h y b{mo}mjoie lm ès e}li|h{áes u}m ijo`}ymj m` meamjlm `hs sis|maes y ~{homliaimj|hs lm {imsfhs amliheakimj|e`msrijo}èlhs e ès `ájmes lm jmfhoih kåsioes*

;

B6Lmso{i~oiÿj lm ès ij|m{eooihjms ohj oìmj|ms ( shoimlelms~e{|ioi~eles ( shoihs ma~{mse{ie`ms ohj {ms~mo|h e `hs {imsfhs yh~h{|}jilelms amliheakimj|e`ms*

;

B3^h{omj|edm y jôam{h lm oha~eõáes aej|mjiles lmj|{h lm èoe{|m{e lm è mj|ilel ohj ès u}m è h{fejiteoiÿj ijbh{aej|m ceij|m{rmjilh mj o}ms|ihjms amliheakimj|e`ms*

;

B9^h{omj|edm lm eo|irhs s}dm|hs e }j ohj|{h` amliheakimj|e`~hsi|irh, jmfe|irh y lm mom`mjoie* Jh L

B5>Lmso{i~oiÿj lm è ~h`á|ioe lm rh|h mj ae|m{ies amliheakimj|e`mse~ìoek`m e ès eooihjms shk{m ès u}m è h{fejiteoiÿj ijbh{aej|m~hsmm lm{moch lm rh|h h {mohamjleoiÿj lm rh|h*

Jh L

B55^h{omj|edm lm eo|irhs kedh fms|iÿj shk{m `hs u}m è h{fejiteoiÿjijbh{aej|m lis~hjm lm eooihjms ohj lm{moch e rh|h h{mohamjleoiÿj lm rh|h*

Jh L

B5;Re`h{ ahjm|e{ih |h|e` lm ~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs ms~moáohsamliheakimj|e`ms lmsf`hselhs ~h{ `ájmes lm jmfhoih kåsioes* ;

B5? Re`h{ lm è oe{|m{e ~e{e oele `ájme lm j mfhoih lmsf`hselh ~h{{mfihjms y smo|h{ms ms~moáohs*

Jh L

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^{hf{eaes lm o}a~ìaimj|h lm ès `myms helcmsiÿj e ms|åjle{ms y oÿlifhs rh`}j|e{ihsamjoihjelhs mj oha}jioeoihjms lmae{gm|ijf, ijo`}ilhs è ~}kìoilel, h|{eseo|irilelms ~{hahoihje`ms y `hs ~e|{hoijihs*

;5


OHA]JIOEOIHJM_LM AE[GM\IJF

ELIOIHJE@ ^[6

Jôam{h |h|e` lm ijoilmj|ms b{}|h lmìjo}a~ìaimj|h lm ès {mf}èoihjms {mè|irese ès oha}jioeoihjms lm ae{gm|ijf,ijo`}ymjlh è ~}kìoilel, è ~{hahoiÿj y m`~e|{hoijih, lis|{ik}ilhs mj b}joiÿj lm` |i~hlm {ms}`|elh lm liochs ijoilmj|ms*

;>


^[IREOILEL LM@O@IMJ\M

ELIOIHJE@ ^[3

Jôam{h |h|e` lm {moèaeoihjmslmkileamj|m b}jleamj|eles mj {mèoiÿjohj m` {ms~m|h e è ~{ireoilel y è b}fe lmle|hs ~m{shje`ms lm oìmj|ms*

;>


O]A^@IAIMJ\HJH[AE\IRH ^[IJOIÊ@ ^[9

Ohs|m lm eu}m`ès a}`|es sifjioe|ires{}|h lm` ijo}a~ìaimj|h lm è jh{ae|iremj {mèoiÿj ohj m` s}aijis|{h y m` }sh lm~{hl}o|hs y sm{rioihs lm è h{fejiteoiÿj*

;>!;5



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Ms|m Ijbh{am ijo`}ym ès sif}imj|ms ma~{mses, mj ès u}m Kejoh Fmjm{e` |imjmohj|{h` m ij}mjoie sifjioe|ire4• Oáe* Is|amõe lm _mf}{hs• Ma~{mse Fmjm{e` lm _mf}{hs• KF Re`h{ms, _*E*• Hoijes lm [m~{msmj|eoiÿj lm Kejoh Fmjm{e`• Kejoh Fmjm{e` Ohs|e [ioe, _*E*

_m mo`}ymj lm ms|m Ijbh{am ^{hB}|}{h Elaijis|{elh{e lm Bhjlhs lm ^mjsihjmsy Omsej|áe, _*E* mj è u}m |mjmahs }je ~e{|ioi~eoiÿj lm` 69-* Ma~{mse Fmjm{e`lm Oe~i|e`, _*E* y ^m|{ÿ`mhs Lm`|e, _*E*, s}ksilie{ies lm Ma~{mse Fmjm{e` lmIjrm{sihjms, |eakiéj sm mo`}ymj lm` ~m{áam|{h lm ohkm{|}{e lm ms|m Ijbh{am*

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• @e ijbh{aeoiÿj ohj|mjile mj ms|m Ijbh{am oh{{ms~hjlm e` eõhoe`mjle{ih lm` ;>55

• M` Ijbh{am _hoie` ej|m{ih{ oh{{ms~hjlm e` eõh oe`mjle{ih ;>5>*• J}ms|{h oio`h lm ~{msmj|eoiÿj lm Ijbh{am _hoie` ms ej}e*• ê{e ohjs}`|es h ohjhom{ aås shk{m e ekh{ shoie` u}m {meìteahs,

~}mlm mso{iki{jhs e |{erés lm` si|ih vmk lm` Kejoh4 vvv*kfmjm{e`*ohamj e smooiÿj ‐Ohj|åo|mjhs‑ h èaejlh e` 3>>!=>>>*

Ms|m Ijbh{am jh ohj|imjm }je rm{ioeoiÿj m|m{je oha~`m|e* Mj è smooiÿjIa~}`sejlh m` lmse{{h``h lm è Oha}jilel, B}jleoiÿj _}s K}mjhs Rmoijhs, smijo`}ym }j Ijbh{am lm E}li|h{áe lm e GÂF #êjeaå) e}li|h{ms ijlm~mjlimj|ms*

@e {mèoiÿj mj|{m Kejoh Fmjm{e`, _*E* h è B}jleoiÿj _}s K}mjhs Rmoijhs ohjè {ae lm e}li|h{ms m|m{jhs GÂF mj êjeaå, ms ms|{io|eamj|m ~{hbmsihje` ykesele mj hs aås e`|hs ms|åjle{ms é|iohs*



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Informe Social 2011-Banco General

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