FORO EDUCATIVO INSTITUCIONAL

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AOY\A\WIAFO GLWIN\APN CSNWHAF EFO[NHG[

@FSF GLWIN\APF AOY\A\WIAFONH 32>2

MGMFSANY

AOY\A\WIAÙO GLWIN\APN ‘CSNWHAF EFO[NHG[”

@FSF GLWIN\APF AOY\A\WIAFONH 32>2

‘NRSGOLAGOLF IFO GH CAIGO\GONSAF”

RFOGOIANHN NI\WNIAÙO IFMF WON GY\SN\GEAN AO\GESNH RNSN NRHAINS

HN RGLNEFEÍN

RSGYGO\NLF RFS;

EWY\NPF MWÞF[ \NMNQF



GH QFRNH( MNQF >> LG 32>F

AO\SFLWIIAÙO

Jnchns lg won cwgon fcsn lg |gn|sf go owgy|sf mglaf gy wo yímcfhf papf lg

rn|san( lg nmfs jnian won Aoy|a|wiaùo Glwin|apn( lg ifmrns|as yao aojacaiafogy/

Gy wo gkgsiaiaf ao|ghgi|wnh q gh n`ano{nmago|f lg ~wg owgy|sfy oaþfy q kùpgogy

rwglgo |fmns ifmf nh|gson|apn hn mîy ofchg q rglneùeain lg ywy papgoianygo |flf gh ygo|alf lg hn rnhncsn/

Rfs hf |no|f( qf Ewy|npf Mwþf{ \nmnqf( haigoianlf go @ahfhfeín g alafmny lg

hn Woapgsyalnl Hacsg q Gyrgianhay|n go Ogigyalnlgy lgh Nrsgola{nkg go Hgi|f-

gyisa|wsn lg hn WR\I( ~wagsf lg mnogsn sgyrg|wfyn( jnigshfy rns|aiargy lg

won lg hny mnoa`gy|niafogy mîy jwmnony( ifmf hf gy hn lsnmn|a{niaùo f

rwgy|n go gyigon lg fcsny |gn|snhgy go gh mnsif lg hn inrnialnl q hfysgiwsyfy ifo ~wg iwgo|n gh gy|wlano|g csnwhay|n/

Lgyrwáy lg nhewofy nþfy lg nslwn hncfs lgo|sf lgh nwhn( ywseaù go hn mgo|g

lg gy|g ygspalfs hn rsgewo|n; ¶Rwglg ygs hn ni|wniaùo won nh|gson|apn

glwin|apn6/////////// Lgylg hwgef yg lagsfo nhewony iasiwoy|noiany `npfsnchgy( q

rfs ywrwgy|f( |nmcaáo f|sny lgy`npfsnchgy/ Rnsn lgyma|a`ains gh jgijf lg ~wg

yùhf yg rwglg csaolns glwiniaùo go gh nwhn lg ihnyg/ Yg ralaù ifhncfsniaùo n

hfy sgi|fsgy q iffslaonlfsgy lfolg |sncnká( q hn sgyrwgy|n of `wg yagmrsg

rfya|apn( ~wglnolf won ygoyniaùo nesalwhig/ Yao gmcnsef( yg ifopfif n hfy

gy|wlano|gy rnsn ~wg nywmagygo gh sg|f lg ni|wns( q mwijny insa|ny nhgesgy

go ygþnh lg nrsfcniaùo yg fcygspnsfo( yg lagsfo hny la`gsgo|gy rwgy|ny go



gyigon q yagmrsg gy|wpf `sgo|g nh gyigonsaf( gh rûchaif îpalf lg pgs

ya|wniafogy ~wg yùhf yfo rfyachgy go gh mwolf lgh |gn|sf†††/ Q rfs

ywrwgy|f( wo lfigo|g ifmrsfmg|alf ifo gy|n ni|apalnl *ifmf mwijfy f|sfy

lfigo|gy!( halgsù q yg yao|aù ifmrhnialf lgh |sawo`f lg ywy rwrahfy( nwo~wg yg

jnqn |sncnknlf ifo rfify sgiwsyfy/

¶IÙMF YG JN \SNOY@FSMNLF HN GOYGÞNO[N Q GH NRSGOLA[NKG6

Hny aoy|a|wiafogy glwin|apny jno inmcanlf cny|no|g go iwno|f n hn `fsmn lg

amrns|as hn glwiniaùo( nwo~wg gh `folf *mayaùo q payaùo! ygn gh maymf( wo

gkgmrhf lg ghhf( gy ~wg qn of yg nrhain hn glwiniaùo |snlaiafonh( insni|gsa{nln

rfs hny ofsmny síealny g ao`hgzachgy ~wg jncín ~wg ygewas ya f ya( rfs rns|g lg

glwinolfy q glwinlfsgy lg hfy la`gsgo|gy rhno|ghgy glwin|apfy lgh rníy/ Jfq

go lín yg ln won glwiniaùo mny jwmnoay|n ~wg ofsmn|apn4 yg cwyin ~wg gh

gy|wlano|g nl~wagsn won esno `wolnmgo|niaùo ifmf rgsyfon( nwo~wg of ygn

csahhno|g go hf ifeoa|apf *rfs hf mgofy gy hf ~wg yg fcygspn go hfy ifhgeafy

rûchaify! nyí( yg rsfiwsn hn `ghaialnl q gh cagogy|ns lgh gy|wlano|g lgo|sf lgh

rhno|gh( rnsn ~wg of ygn wo lgygs|fs lgh ‘yay|gmn glwin|apf”/

Go hn ni|wnhalnl( yfo lg esno nigr|niaùo |flny hny |gfsíny ~wg fsago|no hf

sghniafonlf n hny ao|ghaegoiany mûh|arhgy( rfs gyf( |no|f lasgi|apfy ifmf

lfigo|gy ygo|amfy hn ogigyalnl lg rsf`wola{ns go rsfesnmniaùo

ogwsfhaoeøíy|ain q |flf hf sghniafonlf ifo hn lamgoyaùo gmfiafonh lgh ygs( nyí

ifmf gh |arf lg gy|wlano|g ifo ~wg yg iwgo|n q yw gy|ahf lg nrsgola{nkg/ \flf

gy|f rnsn nigr|ns gh jgijf lg mgkfsns owgy|sny |áioainy lg goygþno{n( qn

~wg gzay|go mflfy lg nrsgola{nkg *of ifo`wolas ifo gh gy|ahf lg nrsgola{nkg!/

Mwq haenlf n hf no|gsafs gy|î hn glwiniaùo cahaoeøg( |gmn lg layiwyaùo go gh

inmrf glwin|apf lgh rníy4 rnsn ghhf yg jno lgy|aonlf mwijfy sgiwsyfy



gifoùmaify go inrnia|niaùo n lfigo|gy( go mn|gsanhgy lalîi|aify q go nwhny

gyrgianha{nlny/ Ifmf gy gpalgo|g( `nh|n wo hnsef inmaof rnsn hfesns ~wg gy|g

|arf lg glwiniaùo yg lg go Ifhfmcan/

Lg f|sn rns|g( hn mflgsoalnl jn pgoalf gzaeagolf mîy rsf`gyafonhgy lg hn

glwiniaùo gyrgianha{nlfy go nyaeon|wsny ifmf hfy yay|gmny( gh aoeháy q rfs

ywrwgy|f haigoianlfy go Ns|g Lsnmî|aif *gy|fy ûh|amfy ifo nh|f rglalf go

ifhgeafy lg Cfef|î( Mglghhío q Inha!( lg niwgslf n gy|f( gy ogigynsaf sg|fmns

hn rsgewo|n igo|snh lg gy|n rfogoian; ¶Rwglg ygs hn ni|wniaùo won

nh|gson|apn glwin|apn6///////////ya gy|n rsgewo|n hn jaiagsno mahgy lg pgigy nn~wghhfy ~wg gy|nmfy ifopgoialfy lg hny cfolnlgy lg gy|g gkgsiaiaf( rfs

ywrwgy|f ~wg ifo |fln hn ifopaiiaùo lgh mwolf( gzrsgynsínmfy wo YÍ

sf|wolf/

Rsf|îefsny( gh iáhgcsg àhùyf`f esagef( |goan mwq ihnsn hn sgyrwgy|n jnig lfy

mah ~waoago|fy nþfy/ Hf |say|g gy ~wg |flnpín ygn ogigynsaf( lgyrwáy lg |flf

hf ~wg yg pg q yg gyiwijn( |gogs ~wg lgmfy|sns q ifopgoigs nigsin lg hn

amrfs|noian q w|ahalnl lg gy|n mnsnpahhfyn ni|apalnl/ Qn hf lgiín Csgij|;

‘\say|gy hfy |agmrfy go hfy ~wg jnq ~wg gy`fs{nsyg rnsn ifopgoigs q

lgmfy|sns hf gpalgo|g”/

Gh àhùyf`f nhwlalf gzrhaincn hny ao`hwgoiany glwin|apny ~wg ifoàewsno hn paln

lgh aolapalwf lgylg yw oniamago|f q( go|sg ghhny( hny ~wg nrnsgigo go hn

gyiwghn ifmf; ‘hny sgia|niafogy lg rfgmny q sgrsgygo|niaùo lg jay|fsany ~wg

gznh|no yaoewhnsgy egy|ny q gmaogo|gy rgsyfonkgy( iwqf gkgmrhf jn lg

gy|amwhns rfya|apnmgo|g nh oaþf( `nmahansa{îolfhf nh nhmn kwpgoah rnsn hn

nsmfoín( gh g~wahacsaf q hn layiarhaon”/



Gy lgias( nàsmncn ~wg hny rsîi|ainy |gn|snhgy go hn gyiwghn( go|sg f|sny(

ifoàewsncno yw fckg|apf q sn{ùo lg ygs ifmf wo pnhafyf ‘aoy|swmgo|f

rglneùeaif” rnsn |snoyma|as pnhfsgy jwmnofy( nrsgjgolalfy n |snpáy( of

yùhf rfs hn inrnialnl lg ifmrsgoyaùo yaof rfs hn gzrsgyaùo q ifmwoainiaùo

pgscnh( ifsrfsnh q gmfiafonh/ Laijf go `fsmn mîy csgpg; rnsn hn `fsmniaùo

lg hn rgsyfon( ifoyalgsnolf gyg ifoigr|f go yw lgàoaiaùo g|amfhùeain mîy

ofchg q jgsmfyn/

Nyí( nifslg ifo hn |snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn goygþno{n nrsgola{nkg( yg jn

nigr|nlf ~wg hn ni|apalnl |gn|snh gy wo ghgmgo|f gosa~wgiglfs q `fsmn|apf

lg hn aolapalwnhalnl lg ~wago hn rsni|ain( nyí ifmf yfianha{nlfs q lg

ao|gesniaùo eswrnh( lg |snoymayaùo lg pnhfsgy ifmf gh sgyrg|f lgh |sncnkf lg

hfy lgmîy( lg inrnialnl lg fcygspniaùo( lg isí|ain( lg nw|fifo|sfh( lg

gy|amwhniaùo lg hn isgn|apalnl q hn ygoyacahalnl gy|á|ain/ Yagmrsg q iwnolf

yg sgnhaig gy|n ni|apalnl lg `fsmn hfnchg q saewsfyn( q yg iwgo|g ifo hn

rns|aiarniaùo lg hn ifmwoalnl glwin|apn go egogsnh/



IFOIHWYAÙO

Gh gkgsiaiaf |gn|snh yg ifmrneaon rgs`gi|nmgo|g ifo hny ni|wnhgy |áioainy lg

goygþno{n( hny iwnhgy |agogo go iwgo|n hfy nyrgi|fy paywnhgy( nwla|apfy q

igogy|áyaify lg hfy gy|wlano|gy/ N~wí |agogo incaln hfy cwgofy gyisa|fsgy( hfy

hílgsgy( hfy fsenoa{nlfsgy( hfy ~wg mnogkno ifssgi|nmgo|g gh layiwsyf( hfy

~wg nrsgolgo mîy ifo hny niiafogy ~wg ifo hn rnhncsn q jny|n rnsn n~wghhfy

~wg nûo isggo ~wg gy|n ni|apalnl yùhf yg sgygspn rnsn wofy rfify/

Rfs gyf( hn nlmaoay|sniaùo of lgcg sgrnsns go eny|fy q nyaeoniafogy

rsgywrwgy|nhgy go rsf lgh |gn|sf( q nlgmîy gomgolns hn nwygoian lg

rsf`gyafonhgy nlgiwnlfy *haigoianlfy go Ns|g Lsnmî|aif! rnsn amrns|as hnyrsîi|ainy q goygþno{ny |gn|snhgy( fknhî ifo|nolf ifo wo gyigonsaf nlgiwnlf

gh iwnh |goen gh yfoalf q hn niûy|ain nrsfranlfy/ Jny|n njfsn( hfy ‘pagkfy” q

‘kùpgogy” lgh hwens yncgmfy ~wg hfy |ímalfy ao|go|fy lg rf|goians q

sgpa|nha{ns gh |gn|sf ifmf aoy|swmgo|f yfiaf rglneùeaif q iwh|wsnh ywghg ygs

‘`hfs lg wo lín” ~wg yg mnsija|n( `swy|sn q `gogig n hn rsamgsn lg inmcaf/

\nmcaáo( hn nigr|niaùo `nmahans nh sgyrgi|f gy aoyw`aiago|g q ywrgs`aianh4 Rfs

rwsn q yamrhg sn{ùo lg ‘lgyifofiamago|f” lg hfy g`gi|fy rfya|apfy ~wg gh

jgijf |gn|snh nrfs|n n hfy mwijnijfy go yw glwiniaùo/ Ynhpf gzigriafogy n

hfy rnlsgy hgy pny|n q hgy yfcsn ifo nyay|as go|gsogialfy n hn ighgcsniaùo lgh

lín lg hn `nmahan f n hfy líny lg ihnwywsn go lfolg ywy ‘isan|wsny” jnigo

lgmfy|sniaùo rûchain lg ywy esniany q goino|fy rnsn lghaian lg nmaefy q

`nmahansgy/

Rgsf ifo nh|swaymf( rniagoian q fr|amaymf ygewasgmfy |sncnknolf rnsn ~wg

hn ni|apalnl |gn|snh ygn won sgnhalnl go owgy|sn Aoy|a|wiaùo glwin|apn( rnsn

~wg yg rsfrnewg n |flfy hfy ifhgeafy lg Qfrnh q lg owgy|sf esno Inynonsg/

GY\SN\GEANY/



‣ ^wg hn aoy|a|wiaùo iwgo|g ifo lfigo|gy lg Ns|g Lsnmî|aif ofmcsnlfy/

‣ Isgns won owgpn mflnhalnl hhnmnln ªNs|g Lsnmî|aifª/

‣ Sgnha{ns nh mgofy lfy goiwgo|sfy lg |gn|sf rfs in|gefsíny f rfs

iwsyfy nh nþf( ifo rsgmaniaùo gyrgianh/

‣ W|aha{ns hn ifmglan( gh lsnmn( gh mwyalsnmn( hn lan|sacn q gh mfoùhfef

ifmf mglafy lg aoaianiaùo ni|fsnh/

SGIWSYFY JWMNOFY Q @ÍYAIFY/

‣ Go owgy|sn Aoy|a|wiaùo jnq wo mnsinlf |nhgo|f ns|íy|aif( go hfy

gy|wlano|gy ~wg jnq ~wg yncgs fsago|ns/

‣ Hfy lasgi|apfy yfo rgsyfony lg insîi|gs nh|sway|n q ifo won esno payaùo

lg `w|wsf/

‣ Gh ifhgeaf iwgo|n ifo wo nwla|fsaf q |sgy nwhny mûh|arhgy( ya|afy n hfy

iwnhgy yg hgy lgcg nlnr|ns gh yfoalf( niûy|ain q mfcahansaf nrsfranlf

rnsn hn ni|apalnl |gn|snh/



@FSF GLWIN\APF AOY\A\WIAFONH

IHNWLAN QNOG\J RGSG[ GEWG

>>G

Aoy|a|wiaùo Glwin|apn Csnwhaf Efo{îhg{

In|gefsín; 9

MWGS\G;

Hn mwgs|g gy rgsyfonh g ao|snoy`gsachg( onlag rwglg mfsas rfs ofyf|sfy( ifmf of

rflgmfy sg|snyns oa inmcans hn mwgs|g lg won rgsyfon rfs hn lg f|sn( hn mwgs|g gy

n hn pg{ hf mîy aolapalwnha{nlfs g aewnha|nsaf; go gyg mfmgo|f onlag gy mîy oa

mgofy ~wg onlag/ Rfs wo hnlf hn ifoiagoian lg hn mwgs|g ofy jnig mnlwsns qn

~wg isgigmfy iwnolf hn algn lg hn mwgs|g isgig lgo|sf lg ofyf|sfy/ Rfs f|sf hnlf

hn aoigs|alwmcsg lg hn mwgs|g ofy jwmnoa{n qn ~wg ofy ifopags|g go pgslnlgsfy

jwmnofy( mfs|nhgy/

Rnhncsny ihnpg;

- mwgs|g

- Nwhn

- Glwiniaùo

- Ifoiagoian/

N |snpáy lg hfy |agmrfy go gh nwhn lg ihnyg ofy jno goygþnolf ~wg jn yalf

esniany n hn mwgs|g ~wg yg jno hacsnlf mwijny cn|nhhny( ifoyaewagolf nyí gh cago

ifmûo q yfcsg |flf gh sgifofiamago|f lg won ifmwoalnl ~wg jny|n gy|fy líny

`wgsfo jásfgy( jgsfíony q cn|nhhnlfsgy/ \fmf go sg`gsgoian n hn Lgihnsniaùo lg hfy

Lgsgijfy lgh Jfmcsg( Gh lín lg hn Mwkgs( Gh lín Ao|gsoniafonh lgh \sncnkf( Gh Aoaiaf

lg hn Sgrûchain ifo hny la`gsgo|gy cn|nhhny lg aolgrgolgoian go|sg f|sny/



Wo eswrf lg glwinlfsgy lg hn Woapgsyalnl Nw|ùofmn lg Mnlsal lg`agolg hn

aoihwyaùo go hny gyiwghny gh |gmn lg hn mwgs|g( ifmf qn ywiglaù ifo hn glwiniaùo

ygzwnh( rfs~wg nrsgolgs n go|golgs hn mwgs|g gy hf mîy rsfraf q woapgsynh ~wg

ofy ywiglg n hfy ygsgy jwmnofy/

Hn glwiniaùo ni|wnh of rsgrnsn rnsn hn mwgs|g

Lnoagh( lg ygay nþfy lg glnl( gy|î go`nlnlf ifo yw jgsmnof Knpags *lg iwn|sf

nþfy! rfs~wg of pagog n kwens ifo áh/ Ywy rnlsgy hg jno laijf( ~wg yw jgsmnof jn

mwgs|f q jn alf nh iaghf( rgsf Lnoagh of nigr|n yw nwygoian( yago|g maglf q

ygo|amago|f lg iwhrn( q isgg ~wg Knpa of pagog rfs~wg jn yalf mnhf/ \nmcaáo

lglwig ~wg of pagog yw jgsmnof rfs~wg of hg ~wagsg qn( rfs~wg ya hg ~wayagsn lg

pgslnl( pgolsín/

Gy|n lgygyrgsno{n q hn ogeniaùo n nigr|ns ~wg won nwygoian rwgln ygs lg`aoa|apn

gy ifmûo go hfy oaþfy( snyefy ~wg rgsmnogig go hfy mnqfsgy ~wg iwcsgo hn `nh|n

lg hn rgsyfon ~wgsaln( ifo sa|fy f ewnslnolf fckg|fy gpfinlfsgy/

¶Rgsf gy frfs|wof ao|sflwias |flf hf sghniafonlf ifo hn mwgs|g go hny g|nrny mîy

|gmrsnony lg hn glwiniaùo6

Newy|ío lg hn Jgssîo Enyiùo( rsf`gyfs lg hn Woapgsyalnl Nw|ùofmn( isgg go hn

ogigyalnl lg aoihwas hn mwgs|g ifmf ifo|goalf glwin|apf( go hn g|nrn ao`no|ah; #No|g

won gzrgsagoian |sîeain papaln rfs wo oaþf( yg rwglg jnigs cny|no|g mîy ~wg

ifoyfhnshg f lgkns rnyns gh |agmrf( rnsn ~wg gh rsfchgmn yg pnqn yfhwiafonolf

mîy f mgofy yfhf( ifo knsncg lg |agmrf /// Yg lgcgo goygþns hfy swlamgo|fy lg

|flfy hfy yncgsgy nlwh|fy lgylg hfy rsamgsfy nþfy/ Hn glwiniaùo ao`no|ah gy hn mîy

sain q isgn|apn go iwno|f n sgnha{niafogy q yg lgcgsín ifmgo{ns n n`sfo|ns go gy|ng|nrn |flfy hfy |gmny lg owgy|sn on|wsnhg{n/ ¶F ninyf of jnq sghniafogy

gpalgo|gy go|sg mwgs|g( iaihfy cafhùeaify( glwiniaùo nmcago|nh( ygzwnh///6

Isggmfy ~wg ya lgylg hny nwhny of yg aoihwqg gh |gmn lg hn mwgs|g lgylg wo

ifo|goalf ehfcnh q fslaonsaf( of yg gy|nsî goygþnolf n papas ifmrhg|nmgo|g#/



Hfy oaþfy kwgeno q jnchno lg hn mwgs|g

Gh oaþf ifmago{n n nywmas hn sgnhalnl lg hn mwgs|g q yg lg`agolg lg ghhn n |snpáy

lg yw isggoian lg ~wg gy inrn{ lg ao`hwas yfcsg gyn sgnhalnl/ Hfy oaþfy rg~wgþfy

lgyiwcsgo hn mwgs|g go yw mglaf `íyaif q yfianh/ Hn cwyino rfs ywy inwyny q hnywrgsno ifo sa|wnhgy hhgofy lg mnean q `no|nyín/ Yfo kwgefy lg ynhpnmgo|f q

sgywia|niaùo mglano|g hfy iwnhgy hny jgsalny q hfy mwgs|fy yg iwsno/ Mglano|g

gy|ny yamcfha{niafogy yg ywrgsno gefigo|saymfy( hn iwhrncahalnl yg |snoy`fsmn go

yfhalnsalnl q yg ifmago{n n ghncfsns gh lgynssfhhf lg inrnialnlgy( ifmf hny lg

nqwln( ifmrnyaùo( rfogsyg go gh hwens lg f|sf///

HN MWGS\G LG HFY KFPGOGY WO NH\F AMRNI\F @NMAHANS

Ifoyalgsnolf ~wg( ygeûo hn FMY( hn paln yg rsfhfoeù 92 nþfy mîy( fcygspnmfy

~wg hn esno ino|alnl lg kùpgogy mwgs|fy lg mnogsn no|aon|wsnh( ofy rfog yfcsg

npayf/ Nhef lg hf ~wg gy|n rnynolf go gy|g mwolf mflgsof( rsfpfin

lgyrsf|giiaùo q lgynmrnsf/ Gh yay|gmn gy|î ifhnrynlf/ Gh mwolf ehfcnha{nlf

nrnsgo|gmgo|g ao|gesnlfs( mago|sny rsfigyn ywy fckg|apfy( yn|wsn q lgyao|gesn

mwijfy nyrgi|fy lg hn paln/ Hn ‗iwh|wsn lg hn mwgs|g‐ yg pn aoy|nhnolf go hny

la`gsgo|gy îsgny aolapalwnhgy( yfianhgy( iwh|wsnhgy/ Gy nyí ~wg hn iwh|wsn lg hn paln(gh yay|gmn lg pnhfsgy q hny isggoiany( ywiwmcgo rfs hn pafhgoian ~wg yg aoy|nhn go

hny |sgy egogsniafogy/ Rnsn goifo|sns wo ygo|alf n hn paln nsmùoaif( pnhfsa{nlf q

rswlgo|g( f ygn( ifo gh sa|mf lgh lns q sgiacas rnsn gh iwnh gh ygs jwmnof yg pn

rsgrnsnolf jny|n yw mnlwsg{/

Inmcaù hn payaùo lgh mwolf( q n rns|as lg hfy inmcafy yg pno gy|swi|wsnolf owgpny

`fsmny aolapalwnhgy( `nmahansgy q yfianhgy/ Gy nyí ifmf hn mwgs|g lg hfy kùpgogy

nh|gsn hn kgsns~wín ~wg mnsin hn on|wsnhg{n go|sg hny egogsniafogy/ Ynhpnlfs

Maowijao( go ‗\áioainy lg |gsnran `nmahans‐ *Rîe/ 52! laig ~wg ‐hn `nmahan ~wg jn

yw`salf won mwgs|g f lgygsiaùo rwglg |sfrg{ns ifo rsfchgmny rnsn sgnyaeons hny

|nsgny lgh magmcsf ~wg `nh|n‐/ Won lg hny la`aiwh|nlgy ~wg yg rsgygo|n go gh

rsfigyf lgh lwghf gy hn ygoyniaùo lg ~wg gh nwygo|g nl~wagsg |no|n rsgygoian

ifmf ya gy|wpagsn papf/ Rfs hf |no|f( ya nhewof lg hfy magmcsfy lg hn `nmahan |fmn



ywy sfhgy f `woiafogy( gy papalf ifmf wo ni|f lg hgnh|nl aopayachg f lg lgyhgnh|nl/

Gy|ny `nmahany n|snpagyno wo rsfigyf lg |snoyaiaùo ifo rgs|wscniafogy go gh

lgynssfhhf lg hny owgpny gy|swi|wsny/ Lg hn mnqfs f mgofs saealg{ lg hn gy|swi|wsn

`nmahans lgrgolgsî hn aopgy|alwsn mîy igsinon n sgrg|aiaùo f mîy rsùzamn n

gpfhwiaùo/ Gy rfs gy|f ~wg hn mwgs|g lg hfy jakfy( n`gi|n gh g~wahacsaf `nmahans q n

pgigy rsflwig sgniiafogy rn|fhùeainy/ Hfy jgsmnofy yfo yfmg|alfy n mnoafcsny

aoifoyiago|gy iwqf ygo|alf aoifoyiago|g gy gh lg nhapans hn iwhrn lg hfy rnlsgy/ Q

gy nyí ~wg nlfr|no `fsmny lapgsyny( ifmf ogens hn mwgs|g n |snpáy lgh

fiwh|nmago|f q yahgoiaf yfcsg hn maymn- ‗lg gy|f of yg jnchn‐ rfs~wg gy mwq

lfhfsfyf- f ifmf sgnha{ns ywy|a|wiaùo n hfy papfy lg n|sacw|fy lgh mwgs|f( hwens(

sfrny( ifmgo|nsafy/ Gy|n gy f|sn mnogsn lg fiwh|nmago|f q ogeniaùo lg hn

nwygoian/

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nwygo|g( ifo gh ygo|alf mnqfs lg hn gzay|goian q lgyrsfpay|f lg ygo|amago|fy lg

iwhrn/

\gogmfy go owgy|sn jay|fsan gkgmrhfy lg mfpamago|fy gyrfo|îogfy( ifmf ‐Hny

Mnlsgy lg Rhn{n lg Mnqf‐( ~wagogy `sgo|g n wo `goùmgof ûoaif ifmf hn

lgynrnsaiaùo lg hfy jakfy( algo|a`ainlny ifo yw rnþwghf chnoif( lnolf pwgh|ny n hn

rhn{n lg mnqf( ao|go|ncno wo mflf lg ghncfsniaùo( mglano|g gy|sn|geany lg

cûy~wgln q fsenoa{niaùo *go hn sgrg|aiaùo lgh sa|wnh yg `wg gy|swi|wsnolf hn

lapgsyalnl lg sgiwsyfy rfyachgy rnsn gh inmcaf!/

Qf isgf ~wg hn mwgs|g rwglg ygs wo `wolnmgo|f rnsn rglas hn aewnhlnl lg hny

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~wá rnyn iwnolf hhgewg hn mwgs|g( gh laogsf q gh rflgs of |g pno n nqwlns go

onln( nlgmîy rfs mwijf laogsf ~wg |goeny of pny n rflgs w|aha{ns n f|sn rgsyfon

rnsn ~wg mwgsn lg |w rns|g( qn ~wg hn mwgs|g gy rgsyfonh q ni|ûn ifmf aewnhnlfsn




Egogsnolf nrsgola{nkgy mîy yaeoa`ain|apfy go 322 nþfy lg jay|fsan

LAGEF NHGKNOLSF FS\A[ CNSSGSN

Lagefs|a{292>

AOY\A\WIAÙO GLWIN\APN CSNWHAF EFO[ÎHG[

QFRNH/ MNQF >> LG 32>2




Egogsnolf nrsgola{nkgy mîy yaeoa`ain|apfy go 322 nþfy lg jay|fsan

Rfs

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AOY\A\WIAÙO GLWIN\APN CSNWHAF EFO[ÎHG[

QFRNH/ MNQF >> LG 32>2

GKG \GMN\AIF ; ¶IÙMF YG JN \SNOY@FSMNLF HN GOYGÞNO[N Q GH

NRSGOLA[NKG6



EGOGSNOLF NRSGOLA[NKGY MÎY YAEOA@AIN\APFY GO 322 NÞFY LG

JAY\FSAN

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ifo ~wg inmaon hn glwiniaùo/# Yamùo Cfhípns

AO\SFLWIIAÙO

Rnsn hn rsgygo|niaùo lg gy|n rfogoian gyifeí gh gkg |gmî|aif ‗¶IÙMF YG JN

\SNOY@FSMNLF HN GOYGÞNO[N Q GH NRSGOLA[NKG6‐ rfs pnsany sn{fogy;

of yùhf rnsn aolnens q ifofigs gh rsfigyf ~wg jn |goalf hn glwiniaùo ( iùmf gsn

jnig 322 nþfy( yaof rnsn sg`hgzafons go ~wá `fsmn hn gzrgsagoian ~wg |gogmfy go

gh nwhn gyifhns ofy gy|î hhgpnolf n ygs mgkfsgy iawlnlnofy( mgkfsgy rgsyfony(ifo ygo|alf isí|aif yfhalnsaf q kwy|aian yfianh/

Rnsn gh lgynssfhhf lg gy|n rfogoian |wpg go iwgo|n la`gsgo|gy `wgo|gy ifmf hn

go|sgpay|n nh jay|fsanlfs Rwchaf Rásg{ ( n lfigo|gy lg la`gsgo|gy îsgny( n rnlsgy

lg `nmahan q won goiwgy|n n 72 gy|wlano|gy lg esnlf láiamf( ofpgof q fi|npf lg

hn aoy|a|wiaùo( nlgmîy lg hn ifoywh|n go Ao|gsog| q hn hgi|wsn lg nhewofy nrns|gy lgh

hacsf Lg hn Glwiniaùo Lfmáy|ain n hn Glwiniaùo Rûchain go Ifhfmcan rfs Cîscnsn

Qnlasn Ensiín / Ragoyf ~wg |fln gy|n ao`fsmniaùo mg nqwlù mwijf n ifofigsln|fy mwq ao|gsgyno|gy ~wg lgyifofiín yfcsg hn |gmî|ain q nihnsns hny lwlny g

ao~wag|wlgy yfcsg gkg |gmî|aif |sn|nlf/

Nesnlg{if nh rsf`gyfs Rwchaf Rásg{ rfs hny fsago|niafogy q hn go|sgpay|n ~wg mg

ifoiglaù( aewnhmgo|g n hn lfigo|g Ehfsan Cnssgsn *ma mnlsg! rfs nqwlnsmg go hn

ifssgiiaùo q nrfs|g lg algny rnsn sgnha{ns wo mgkfs |sncnkf/

RSGEWO\N LG SG@HGZAÙO



^WÁ NRSGOLA[NKGY YAEOA@AIN\APFY RFLGMFY EGOGSNS N RNS\AS LG

322 NÞFY LGH ONIAMAGO\F LG WON ONIAÓO6

Rsgewo|n go|sgpay|n; ¶Iwîhgy jno yalf hfy rsaoiarnhgy inmcafy ~wg yg jno lnlf

go gh rsfigyf lg goygþno{n- nrsgola{nkg gy|fy 322 nþfy lg aolgrgolgoian6

Jay|fsanlfs Rwchaf Rásg{ ; ‘Yg jno lnlf mwijfy inmcafy go hn `fsmn lg ifoigcas

gh ifofiamago|f q go hny `fsmny lalîi|ainy q rglneùeainy( jno ywsealf n |snpáy lgh

|agmrf mwijny ifssago|gy q gyiwghny ~wg jno cwyinlf ~wg hn glwiniaùo |goen wo

ygo|alf mîy rsîi|aif‐ ‗ Gzay|íno nhewony nyaeon|wsny mwq rsîi|ainy ~wg jfq yg

jno lgknlf lg hnlf( rfs gkgmrhf nrsgolgs n ygo|nsyg go hn mgyn( nrsgolgs n

pgy|asyg( nrsgolgs n ifiaons( jfq go lín ya hny |wpagsno hfy gy|wlano|gy hgy

rnsgigsíno iwsyay rgsf ~wg egogsncno won ni|a|wl mwq rsîi|ain go ghifmrfs|nmago|f lg hny rgsyfony/ ‗ Go 322 nþfy hn rns|g lg hn goygþno{n ( yg

sgiwgsln mwijf hn `snyg ‗hn hg|sn ifo ynoesg go|sn‐( gzay|ín nhef ~wg jfq go lín yg

gy|î cwyinolf sgyin|ns( ~wg hn glwiniaùo |goen won mnqfs sghniaùo ifo hny

sghniafogy yfianhgy( ~wg gh gy|wlano|g |goen wo mnqfs ifmrsfmayf ifo ywy

sgyrfoyncahalnlgy ifmf ygs yfianh†‐

Lfigo|g ‗ lg won glwiniaùo pgs|ainh( nw|fsa|nsan yg jn hhgenlf n won mîy

lgmfisî|ain( rgsf n hn pg{ mîy rgsmayapn lgcaha|nolf hn `fsmniaùo go pnhfsgy‐ Lfigo|g ‗gh iny|aef( gh |gmfs yg jn sggmrhn{nlf ifo hny nqwlny lg hn ryaifhfeín‐

Rnlsg lg `nmahan; ‗ Hfy inmcafy jno yalf cny|no|g of|fsafy( mîy rns|aiarniaùo lg

hfy gy|wlano|gy go gh nrsgola{nkg( q lapgsyny `fsmny lg nl~wasas hn ao`fsmniaùo

ifmf |ghgpayaùo( ao|gsog|( sgpay|ny†‗

Rnlsg lg `nmahan; ‗ No|gy jncín mîy nw|fsa|nsaymf q layiarhaon( jncíno mîy

nonh`ncg|ny ~wg jfq go lín( hn glwiniaùo gsn mgmfsíy|ain( |fincn nrsgolgs hny

ewgssny( hfy rgsyfonkgy( hny `gijny q hwensgy lg mgmfsan ‐

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mnqfsín ragoyn ~wg hn glwiniaùo lg jfq gy mîy rns|aiarn|apn( rgsf hfy rsaoiarafy

lg aewnhlnl q hacgs|nl of yg iwmrhgo/ \nmcaáo wo esno rfsigo|nkg fraon ~wg hfy

ifofiamago|fy lg ~wg |agog lg jay|fsan hfy jno nrsgolalf rfs hny ihnygy lg



yfianhgy( rgsf ygeûo hfy sgywh|nlfy 3> of yncgo iùmf gsn hn glwiniaùo jnig 322

nþfy/

Yamùo Cfhípns; ‗Hn rsamgsn mîzamn ~wg jn lg aoiwhinsyg n hfy oaþfy gy hn lgh

nygf; ya yg gznmaon hn |snyigolgoian ~wg |agog go hn yfiaglnl hn fcygspnoian lg

gy|g rsaoiaraf( yg ifopgoigsî lg yw amrfs|noian/ Of jnq pay|n mîy nesnlnchg ~wg

hn lg won rgsyfon ~wg hhgpn hn lgo|nlwsn( hny mnofy( gh sfy|sf q gh pgy|alf

hamrafy‐/>

@áhaz Sgy|sgrf; Hfy kùpgogy gsno ifoyalgsnlfy ifmf ‗ Hn rns|g mîy rsgiafyn

lgh eáogsf jwmnof q rwglgo ifmrnsnsyg n wony rhno|ny |agsony go ~wg gy|îo

goigssnlny hny ygmahhny lgh jgsfíymf q lg hn pas|wl ~wg `fmgo|îolfhfy ifo gh

sagef lg hn goygþno{n ( lgcgo nheûo lín rsflwias `sw|fy ncwolno|gy go cgog`aiaf

lg hn sghaeaùo q lg hn rn|san‐3

VVVVVVVVVVVV

>/ Cfhípns( Yamùo( Fcsny ifmrhg|ny/r>319/

3/ Sgy|sgrf( @áhaz lg( *Yafo \í|whf! Amrsgo|n lg hn Sgrûchain rfs O/ Hfsn(

Cfef|î( >:37( r >/



MASNS GH RNYNLF† GY NI\WNS GO GH RSGYGO\G( RGOYNOLF GO GH

@W\WSF

Ifo cnyg go hny no|gsafsgy nàsmniafogy lg rgsyfony sghniafonlny ifo hn

glwiniaùo rflgmfy sgifslns nyrgi|fy mwq yaeoaàin|apfy lg jnig 322 nþfy go gh

rsfigyf glwin|apf;

Go gh rgsaflf ~wg yg ifofig ifmf hn Esno Ifhfmcan( lg >:>1 n >:92( yg ln gh

rsfigyf lg ifo`fsmniaùo lgh owgpf yay|gmn glwin|apf/ N rns|as lg hn árfin

sgrwchainon yg aoy|a|wiafonha{no hny gyiwghny( hn `nmahan |snoy`fsmn yw lgygmrgþf

go iwno|f n hn `woiaùo glwinlfsn/

Hfy inmcafy yfianhgy q rfhí|aify ~wg yg lagsfo ifo gh esa|f lg aolgrgolgoianmflaàinsfo |nmcaáo hny `fsmny |snlaiafonhgy lg hn glwiniaùo ~wg jny|n gyg

mfmgo|f yg f`sgiíno( rnynolf lg hn `nmahan nh gy|nlf( lgh rnlsg lg `nmahan nh

mngy|sf( lg hn inyn n hn gyiwghn( lg hf rsapnlf n hf rûchaif q lg hf aolapalwnh n hf

ifhgi|apf/ \nmcaáo go gy|n árfin ywseg wo owgpf ni|fs; GH MNGY\SF(

gyrgianha{nlf( rsamgsf go wo fàiaf q hwgef go won rsf`gyaùo/

No|gy lg >:>2 yùhf jncín go hn Owgpn Esnonln iwn|sf ifhgeafy/ Hn Aolgrgolgoian

ncsg rfs |flfy hnlfy gyiwghny lg rsamgsny hg|sny( ifmf gy|sn|gean rnsn `fsmnsiawlnlnofy q of yûcla|fy( q go inya |flny hny rsfpaoiany yg `wolno ifhgeafy( ~wg

go nhewofy inyfy yfo gh fsaego lg hny woapgsyalnlgy ni|wnhgy/

Yamùo Cfhípns nrfs|ù hny cnygy `wolnmgo|nhgy rnsn gh laygþf glwin|apf lg hn

sgrûchain( rgsf @snoiayif lg Rnwhn Yno|nolgs `wg gh ns|íàig lgh oniago|g yay|gmn

glwin|apf go lfolg lgy|nin hn fchaeniaùo lgh gy|nlf lg csaolns q nrfqns hn

aoy|swiiaùo rûchain q gh gy|nchgiamago|f lg gyiwghny( ifhgeafy q woapgsyalnlgy/ Yg

eûo Finmrf Hùrg{ 9( Yno|nolgs ywrsamaù hfy n{f|gy q iny|aefy rnsn hfy oaþfy q

fsenoa{ù igs|îmgogy yfcsg mn|gsany lg goygþno{n inln iwn|sf mgygy/

VVVVVVVVVVVVV



Finmrf Hórg{ Knpags( Yno|nolgs q hn glwiniaùo( Ifhgeaf lg Cfqniî( \wokn( >1:5(

r/9<</

GH RSFIGYF LG GLWINS Q NRSGOLGS GO GY\FY 322 NÞFY

JNIG 322 NÞFY JFQ

Jay|fsanlfs Rwchaf Rásg{ ‗ Jnig 322 nþfy

hf `wolnmgo|nh ~wg yg goygþncn gsn hn

iípain( hn wscnoalnl( hn jay|fsan( egfesn`ín(

yg ifofiín mwijf yfcsg gh

ifmrfs|nmago|f lgh rnaynkg( hn

pgeg|niaùo( hny gy|swi|wsny rfchniafonhgy(

hny lay|ao|ny sn{ny†

Hn gsn lg hn |giofhfeín q lg hn ao`fsmniaùo jn

rgsma|alf hn aoihwyaùo lg owgpny nyaeon|wsny(

jnq mîy aopgy|aeniaùo( rgsf yg jno rgslalf hfy

pnhfsgy( hfy kùpgogy yfo lgyao|gsgynlfy rfs gh

iwalnlf lgh mglaf nmcago|g q

lgyrsgfiwrnlfy rfs yw go|fsof yfianh/

Go hfy rsamgsfy nþfy lg hn sgrûchain yg

amrhgmgo|nsfo gyiwghny lg glwiniaùo

ghgmgo|n ifo hn nlfriaùo lg lfy

má|flfy /

GH MÁ\FLF NO\AEWF; Mwq wynlf( of

sg~wgsín mnqfs aopgsyaùo rnsn ywnrhainiaùo( `woiafoncn ifo wo mngy|sf(

mwq rfify hacsfy q hn cnyg rglneùeain

gsn hn mgmfsa{niaùo/ Gzay|ín gh mngy|sf

nw|fsa|nsaf( lwgþf lgh yncgs/

GH MÁ\FLF HNOINY\GSANOF F LG

GOYGÞNO[N MW\WN( insni|gsa{nlf rfs

ygs lg mwq `wgs|g layiarhaon( ygpgsfy

iny|aefy q `wolnmgo|fy mgmfsíy|aify/

Jnq lapgsyalnl lg má|flfy q gy|sn|geany rnsn

goygþns/ Hn gsn lg hn |giofhfeín rgsma|g g

wyf lg la`gsgo|gy sgiwsyfy rnsn hn ihnyg G

gy|wlano|g gy gh igo|sf lgh nrsgola{nkg/ G

mngy|sf qn of gy gh lwgþf lgh ifofiamago|f

gy yùhf wo ewín/

Go|sg hfy mflghfy rglneùeaify ~wg jno

yfcsgynhalf go owgy|sf rníy gy|îo g

ifolwi|ay|n( gh ifoy|swi|apay|n( gh nrsgola{nkg

yaeoa`ain|apf( hny ao|ghaegoiany mûh|arhgy q

|nmcaáo gh |snlaiafonhay|n yg yaewg

amrhgmgo|nolf/

Kfyá Mnowgh Sgy|sgrf( Ygisg|nsaf lgh

Ao|gsafs * >:3> ’ >:92! lg`golaù q nrfqù

hn algn lg won glwiniaùo iago|í`ain q

Ni|wnhmgo|g gh npnoig lg hn iagoian q hn

|giofhfeín jn rgsma|alf esnolgy nlghno|fy go

hfy la`gsgo|gy inmrfy lgh ifofiamago|f/



rsîi|ain n |snpáy lg hn goygþno{n lg hn

`íyain( hn ~wímain q hny mn|gmî|ainy/ /

Rsfqgi|fy ifmf Folny( nrhainlf n oapg

oniafonh egogsno nrsgola{nkgy yaeoa`ain|apfy/

Yg goygþncn mn|gsany ifmf iapaymf q

wscnoalnl ifo hf iwnh of yùhf yg

`fmgo|ncno hfy pnhfsgy yaof gh

ygo|amago|f rn|saf q sgyrg|f rfs hny

aoy|a|wiafogy/

Jfq go lín hfy gy|wlano|gy ifofigmfy mwq

rfif lg hn ifoy|a|wiaùo( sgnhmgo|g of

ifofigmfy owgy|sf mnownh lg ifopapgoian

rfs gyf mwijny pgigy ifmg|gmfy gssfsgy q

of nrfs|nmfy onln oa ifmf iawlnlnofy o

ifmf rns|aiarno|gy lg owgy|sn glwiniaùo

Go hny gyiwghny lg rsamgsny hg|sny yg

goygþncn n hggs q n gyisacas( n ifo|ns( hfy

pnhfsgy sghaeafyfy q iípaify/ Gh mngy|sfao`wolín mwijf sgyrg|f q yw rsf`gyaùo

lgcgsín ‗ mgsgigs hn pgogsniaùo lgh

rwgchf q gh nrsgiaù lgh efcagsof‐/

Hn hgq >>7 lg >11< gy|nchgig hn

sgyrfoyncahalnl lgh gy|nlf ifo hn glwiniaùo

nw|fofmín gyifhns q hny îsgny fchaen|fsany/ Go322< rwchainiaùo lg hfy gy|îolnsgy

lgygmrgþfy q ifmrg|goiany cîyainy ~wg

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hny la`gsgo|gy îsgny/ Go iwno|f nh lfigo|g( of

yg jno lnlf hfy sgiwsyfy yw`aiago|gy rnsn yw

rsf`gyafonha{niaùo q of |agog wo cwgo ynhnsaf/

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owgpnmgo|g gh rflgs ifo hn glwiniaùo(

ifmf gh lgsgijf n aoyrgiiafons hfy hacsfy(

yg amrwyf hn SGHAEAÙO ifmf nyaeon|wsn

fchaen|fsan/

Jfq( hn sghaeaùo gy wo îsgn `wolnmgo|nh( jnqhacgs|nl lg iwh|fy rgsf hny lgiayafogy

glwin|apny rns|go lasgi|nmgo|g lgh Maoay|gsaf

lg Glwiniaùo Oniafonh

Hn gpnhwniaùo go hn árfin ifhfoanh q rns|g

lg hn sgrwchainon yg igo|sncn go

ao|gssfen|fsafy ifo pnsafy gznmaonlfsgy(

gh gy|wlano|g yùhf iwmrhín hn `woiaùo lg

sgrg|as hf ~wg jncín nrsgolalf n

incnhalnl/

\nmcaáo yg sgnha{ncno nhewony rswgcny

Ifo gh |snoyiwssas lgh |agmrf gh insîi|gs lg hn

gpnhwniaùo jn inmcanlf( rflgmfy jnchns lg

won rsfmfiaùo nw|fmî|ain( lg won gpnhwniaùo

mîy rns|aiarn|apn q mgofy mgmfsíy|ain/

Jfq ifo gh lgisg|f >312 yg gpnhûno

lgygmrgþfy q ifmrg|goiany/ Jnq la`gsgo|gy

rswgcny n oapgh oniafonh ifmf hny rswgcny



rfs sgeafogy YNCGS Q GH AI@GY/

^WÁ RFLGMFY NRFS\NS INLN WOF LG OFYF\SFY IFMF

IAWLNLNOFY6

Hfy 322 nþfy lg aolgrgolgoian yfo won frfs|woalnl ~wg |gogmfy hfy

ifhfmcanofy q hfy csnwhay|ny lg gpnhwns hf ~wg yg jn jgijf( lg sg`hgzafons yfcsg

gh nrfs|g ~wg jgmfy lnlf rnsn mgkfsns gh rsfigyfy glwin|apf q nqwlns go hn

`fsmniaùo lg wo rníy mgkfs lgylg ~wg yg laf gh esa|f lg aolgrgolgoian go >:>2/

RSFRWGY\N; RNS\AS LG OWGY\SN MGMFSAN RNSN EGOGSNSNRSGOLA[NKGY YAEOA@AIN\APFY

Hn mnogsn lg ifoy|swas hn owgpn oniaùo n rns|as lg hfy 322 nþfy lg

aolgrgolgoian gy won hncfs ~wg ofy ifmrg|g n |flfy/ Of yùhf hfy lfigo|gy

lgcgo sg`hgzafons yfcsg yw ~wgjnigs glwin|apf yaof ~wg ofyf|sfy hfy gy|wlano|gy(

lgcgmfy ygs rns|íiargy lgh inmcaf( cwyinolf gy|sn|geany ~wg ifohhgpgo n egogsns

nrsgola{nkgy mîy/ \no|f lfigo|gy ifmf gy|wlano|gy lgcgmfy fsago|ns hn

goygþno{n ’ nrsgola{nkg go ygs mgkfsgy rgsyfony( q mgkfsgy ygsgy yfianhgy/^WÁ6 ; Gh |gmn lgh caigo|gonsaf of lgcg ~wglns yfhnmgo|g ifmf hn rsgygo|niaùo

lg wony rfogoiany( jnq ~wg |sncnkns go hny la`gsgo|gy îsgny `fmgo|nolf hn

aopgy|aeniaùo( gh ifofiamago|f lg hn jay|fsan( gh |sncnkf go g~warf/ Rns|as lg

nrsgola{nkgy yaeoa`ain|apfy lfolg gy|áo aopfhwisnlfy |flfy hfy gy|nmgo|fy

glwin|apfy; Nhinhlín( ifhgeaf( rnlsgy( lfigo|gy q gy|wlano|gy/

IÙMF6 \sncnkns hn jay|fsan go ifo|gz|f/ Isgns wo ifma|á caigo|gonsaf ao|gesnlf

rfs Ygisg|nsín lg glwiniaùo( rnlsgy lg `nmahan( lfigo|gy( gy|wlano|gy q fsenoa{ns

wo ifoiwsyf n oapgh lg aoy|a|wiafogy glwin|apny go Qfrnh |goagolf go iwgo|n hny

la`gsgo|gy îsgny/ Yg lgcg |gogs wo rsgywrwgy|f gy|nchgialf rnsn rsgmanshfy

mgkfsgy |sncnkfy/ Wo rsgmaf rflsín ygs wo rnygf rfs nhewofy lg hfy ya|afy lg hn

sw|n hacgs|nlfsn igsinofy n Qfrnh ifmf Gh Rno|nof lg Pnseny q gh Rwgo|g lg



NLMAOAY\SN\APFY Q GO\ALNLGY GLWINIAÙO ; Egy|aùo lg sgiwsyfy(

rsfmfiafons hny la`gsgo|gy ni|apalnlgy n oapgh aoy|a|wiafonh( hfinh q sgeafonh/

IFOIHWYAFOGY

>/ Hn aolgrgolgoian lg >:>2 mnsiù hn rnw|n go gh inmcaf glwin|apf(`fs|nhgiagolf hfy pnhfsgy q hn hwijn rfs hn glwiniaùo rûchain/

3/ Hn glwiniaùo gy hn cnyg `wolnmgo|nh lgh ygs jwmnof q lgh rsfesgyf lg

won oniaùo/ Glwinolf n hny rgsyfony gy|nmfy hwijnolf rfs hfy rsaoiarafy

lg hacgs|nl( kwy|aian yfianh q sgyrg|f rfs hfy pnhfsgy jwmnofy/

9/ Egogsns nmcago|gy lg ynon ifopapgoian rfs gh sgyrg|f lg hfy lgsgijfy

cîyaify lgh ygs jwmnof ifmf hn hacgs|nl ( hn kwy|aian yfianh yfo |nsgn

`wolnmgo|nh go gh rsfigyf glwin|apf n rns|as lg gy|fy 322 nþfy lg

aolgrgolgoian/

</ Ifofigs owgy|sn mgmfsan n rns|as lg gzrgsagoiany yaeoa`ain|apny ofy `fsmn

mgkfsgy rgsyfony q mgkfsgy ygsgy yfianhgy/ Ofy ifmrsfmg|g ifmf

gy|wlano|gy n pnhfsns hn jay|fsan go gh hfesf lg wo mgkfs rníy/

7/ N |snpáy lg hn jay|fsan gh rsfigyf lg hn goygþno{n ’ nrsgola{nkg jnegogsnlf nmcago|gy mîy rns|aiarn|apfy q lgmfisî|aify/ Gh rnrgh lgh



lfigo|g q lgh nhwmof jn inmcanolf rgsma|agolf won glwiniaùo mîyao|gesnh/

CACHAFESN@ÍN

>/ Lg hn Glwiniaùo Lfmáy|ain n hn Glwiniaùo Rûchain go Ifhfmcan/ Ensiín

Yîoijg{ Cîscnsn Qnlasn/ RsfF``yg| Gla|fsanh/ Y/N/ 3225

3/ uuu/ifhfmcannrsgolg/glw/if&

9/ uuu/mfofesn`any/ifm ※

</ s sgligl-if/sghrg/fse ※

7/ j||r;&&/saoiùolghpnef/ifm

0/ Go|sgpay|n nh jay|fsanlfs Rwchaf Rásg{(

5/ Goiwgy|n nrhainln n wo eswrf lg gy|wlano|gy lg hn yglg inmrgy|sg



@FSF GLWIN\APF AO\A\WIAFONH 32>2

CAIGO\GONSAF

Gh rnrgh lg hn mwkgs go hn glwiniaùo lgylg hn ifhfoan jny|n jfq

MNQSN NHGKNOLSN LAN[ CGSONH

MNQSA\N/NHG/LAN[BHAPG/IFM

GHMN CACANM ONSNOKF GY\GRN

OGHV319BJF\MNAH/IFM

FOIG N

IN\GEFSAN 9

\GSIGS GKG

AOY\A\WIAFO GLWIN\APN CSWHAF EFO[NHG[

QFRNH&INYNONSG

MNQF

32>2

mailto:[email protected]






GPFHWIAFO LG HN GLWINIAFO

‘322 NÞFY LG JAY\FSAN”

KGSYYFO NHGKNOLSF MNS\AOG[ INSPNKNH *Nhwmof!

UAYOGQ MNS\AOG[ LWNS\G *Rnlsg lg @nmahan!




ESNLF YGZ\F C

KFSONLN MNÞNON

QFRNH INYNONSG

32>2



AO\SFLWIIAÙO;

Owgy|sn yfiaglnl gy|î ifoy|a|waln rfs wo ifokwo|f lg rgsyfony ~wg jnca|no wo |gssa|fsaf( jnchno wo maymf alafmn qrsni|aino wony maymny ify|wmcsgy ~wg sgrsgygo|no yw iwh|wsn q oapgh lg lgynssfhhf±/ Ifmf gy lg ifofiamago|f egogsnh hnglwiniaùo gy gh mf|fs ~wg amrwhyn gh lgynssfhhf lg |fln yfiaglnl4 rgsf gy hnmgo|nchg pgs ifmf yg lgyifofig ywamrfs|noian lgkîolfhn sg{nenln n ûh|amfy hwensgy( hf ~wg la`aiwh|n ifoy|swas won cwgon yfiaglnl( yaof gzay|g won cwgonglwiniaùo gy inya amrfyachg ̀ fsmns rgsyfony lg insîi|gs/

Go hfy ûh|amfy nþfy yg jn gy|nlf hhgpnolf n incf wo esno lgcn|g cny|no|g amrfs|no|g

`sgo|g n hn glwiniaùo4 ya gy|n lgcg ygs ifoyalgsnln wo lgsgijf `wolnmgo|nh f wof yfianh/

\snoya|nmfy |agmrfy la`íiahgy n`gi|nolf Aoy|a|wiafogy ifmf hn `nmahan( gh Efcagsof(

hn gmrsgyn( hn Aehgyan( go`sgo|nlfy n inmcafy |snyigolgo|nhgy ~wg mwgpgo hny

yfiaglnlgy n sa|mfy pghfigy(

Hn gzrhfyaùo lg Ao|gsog|( lgyny|sgy mglafnmcago|nhgy( won rsf`woln isayay lg

pnhfsgy† yfo yùhf wofy iwno|fy gkgmrhfy ~wg jnigo ~wg ywmnlfy( gh ygs

jwmnof yg go`sgo|g n inmcafy ~wg oaoewon aoy|a|wiaùo rflsî mnogkns lg ifo|aowns

ifo hfy maymfy gy~wgmny |snlaiafonhgy lg rgoynmago|f ifo hfy ~wg oniagsforfs hf ~wg hn `fsmn lg glwiniaùo of gy won gzigriaùo/

Gy rfs ghhf ogigynsaf( ~wg |no|f gh gy|nlf( ifmf hny ifmwoalnlgy nw|ùofmny( ifmagoigo

n rhno|gnsyg ~wá inmcafy yfo ogigynsafy rnsn ifssgeas gy|n |golgoian isgiago|g q

gz|golaln/

\fln yfiaglnl gy|n fchaenln n ensno|a{ns q nqwlns n ifoy|swas wo mgkfs `w|wsf rnsn hny

owgpny egogsniafogy lfolg ghhfy ygno rns|aiargy yao ncnolfons hn ogigyalnl lg

`fs|nhgigs won egogsniaùo lg |sncnknlfsgy( gmrsgynsafy( aoegoagsfy( ns|ay|ny( g|i/

nlnr|nln n wo mwolf inln pg{ mîy ifmrg|a|apf q inln lín mîy gzaego|g/



>/ j||r;&&uuu/hnchnn/fse&chnnpas|wnh&nqwlnlg|nsgny&gyrnofh&gyrn>2>/j|m

Rfs yw cago( q rfs gh owgy|sf( hny aoy|a|wiafogy rûchainy lgcgo goifo|sns gh inmaof rnsn

sg`fsmns gh yay|gmn glwin|apf/

Gyiwijncn gh f|sf lín go hn snlaf gh inyf lg `nmahany ~wg jno lgialalf glwins n ywy oaþfy

go inyn4 Niiaùo ~wg yaeoa`ain lns hn gyrnhln n wo yay|gmn rûchaif inln pg{ mgofy

nygs|apf/ Go gh `w|wsf( ygsîo hny rsfrany `nmahany( go ifoygoyf ifo hfy rsfrafy oaþfy(

~wagogy hgy ewígo go yw inmaof rnsn nrsgolgs iùmf yfcsgpapas go gy|n yfiaglnl( q ifmf

|sawo`ns go ghhn go hny îsgny q ni|apalnlgy ~wg rwglno paoiwhnsyg/

Gy|f rnyn rfs owmgsfyfy rsfchgmny( ihnsf( gh mgofs lg hfy iwnhgy of gy gh sgijn{f lg

nhewofy rsf`gyfsgy |gmgsfyfy lg hfy inmcafy( f hn `nh|n lg nmfs nh gy`wgs{f( goygþnlfy

go hn mnqfsín lg hfy jfensgy/ Rgsf of |gsmaon n~wí hn gpfhwiaùo glwin|apn `wgsn lg hn

gyiwghn/



Gkgy \gmî|aify;

>/ Ifmf yg jn |snoy`fsmnlf hn goygþno{n q gh nrsgola{nkg6

3/ Ifmf yg jn |snoy`fsmnlf hny aoy|a|wiafogy glwin|apny6

9/ Ifmf yg sghniafon hn glwiniaùo( ifo hn |snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn ̀ nmahan6

‘Gh nrsgola{nkg ifmago{n ifo gh oniamago|f/ Ghhf gzaeg gh iwalnlf |gmrsnof q hn glwiniaùo aoaianh

lg hn ao`noian( hf ~wg rwglg ifoygewasyg mglano|g mglalny lgy|aonlny n hn `nmahan( hn ifmwoalnl f

hny aoy|a|wiafogy ygeûo ifopgoen”³

@NI\FSGY ̂ WG AO@HWQGO GO HN @FSMNIAFO LGH AOLAPALWF

Rflsínmfy lgias ~wg yfo |sgy; gh go|fsof ̀ nmahans( go go|fsof ̀ íyaif q hn gyiwghn/ Go |flfy ghhfy gy|îo rsgygo|gy hfy pnhfsgylg hn yfiaglnl q lg jgijf gy go gy|g rgsíflf q yfo gy|fy |sgy hfy ~wg yfianha{no nh oaþf/ Hn `nmahan ifoy|n lg pnsafymagmcsfy ifo hfy ~wg sgiacg won aoy|swiiaùo cîyain aoaianh/ Nrsgolg iags|ny ify|wmcsgy q iags|fy jîca|fy( rgsf |nmcaáo gy hnrsamgsn q( |nh pg{( hn mîy amrfs|no|g inwyn lg |sny|fsofy lgh insîi|gs/ Hfy |snwmny ryaifhùeaify( ogwsfyay q lgmîyrn|fhfeíny mgo|nhgy ~wg( ofsmnhmgo|g( gy|îo rsgygo|gy go gh aoifoyiago|g lg hn rgsyfon lwsno|g |fln yw paln( rsfpagogolg hn ao`noian q( mîy ifoisg|nmgo|g( lg hny sghniafogy ifo hfy magmcsfy lg yw `nmahan/

Gh go|fsof `íyaif |nmcaáo n`gi|n n hn ryaifhfeín lgh oaþf go wo esnlf amrfs|no|g/ Isansyg

go wo cnssaf ifo mwijfy rns~wgy( kwens go hn inhhg f rflgs as n won rhn{n lgynssfhhniags|ny inrnialnlgy q ln wony papgoiany mwijf mîy sainy ~wg hny ~wg wo oaþf ~wg of

rwgln layrfogs gyny pgo|nkny rwgln |gogs/ Hfy oaþfy ogigya|no ifssgs q kwens( iwno|f

mîy mgkfs( q ya of rwlagsno jnigshf( of gy|nsíno lgynssfhhîolfyg rhgonmgo|g ifo`fsmg n

ywy ogigyalnlgy/ \nmrfif gy hf maymf papas go wo nmcago|g go gh ~wg hn ego|g |agog ~wg

hwijns rfs yfcsgpapas f papas go wof go gh ~wg |flf yfo ifmflalnlgy/



Go gy|g ygo|alf( hn glwiniaùo gy inrn{ lg fsago|ns gh insîi|gs lg hn rgsyfon jnian hn

ifoygiwiaùo lg won paln rsflwi|apn( go gh ygo|alf lg ygs won cwgon paln rnsn ghhn ifmf

ygs jwmnof go yí maymf/

3/ IFO@GSGOIAN MWOLANH GLWINIAÙO RNSN \FLFY( lgynssfhhnln go >112 go Kfm|ago( \nahnolan/

Hn glwiniaùo nqwln #nh jfmcsg n papas go gy|g mwolf( n goifo|sns yw inmaof q `fsmns hfy

jîca|fy q ni|a|wlgy ~wg hg jneno inrn{ lg lfmaons hny ya|wniafogy#/ Rfs gy|n iwnhalnl

~wgsgmfy gy|wlans hn glwiniaùo go gy|g |sncnkf( nwo~wg |nmcaáo |agog f|sn `woiaùo/

Lwsno|g gh rgsíflf lg gyifhnsalnl hn rgsyfon sgiacg won yfianha{niaùo cîyain; Cwgofy

mflnhgy( nhewofy ifmrfs|nmago|fy yamrhgy ~wg yg lgcgo lns go yfiaglnl( ifofiamago|fy

û|ahgy rnsn gh ifo|ni|f ifo hfy lgmîy go hn paln lansan(/// Rgsf gy|f of lgcg gy|ns rfs

goiamn lg hn f|sn aoy|swiiaùo( hn ~wg n`gi|nsî nh insîi|gs lg hn rgsyfon/

Hn glwiniaùo lgcg |golgs ogigynsanmgo|g n `fsmns nh ygs jwmnof ifmf rgsyfon q ngoygþnshg n `fsmns yw rgsyfonhalnl ~wg |agog lgh mgkfs q lgh mnqfs mflf rfyachg/

Wo cwgo yay|gmn glwin|apf( go yw `nyg rsamnsan( rfs hf mgofy( |nmcaáo |agog ~wg gy|ns

n|go|f n hfy rfyachgy |sny|fsofy ryaifhùeaify lg hfy oaþfy( ygn n |snpáy lg ryaiùhfefy f rfs

mglaf lg rsf`gyfsgy cago `fsmnlfy/ Go gyny glnlgy |no lghainlny jnq ~wg gy|ns

ifoy|no|gmgo|g rgolago|gy lg hny cnssgsny ~wg aoifoyiago|g gh oaþf rwgln hgpno|ns

ifo|sn yw nlgiwnln `fsmniaùo ifmf rgsyfon/¹ Q nwo~wg rfs mf|apfy iwh|wsnhgy ygsín mwqla`íiah( hf algnh ygsín nygyfsns n hfy rnlsgy nigsin lg iùmf yg |agogo ~wg ifmrfs|ns ifo

ywy jakfy rnsn of isgnshgy oaoeûo |snwmn oa lgknshgy onln ygrwh|nlf go yw aoifoyiago|g/

Lgylg hwgef( go hn ygiwolnsan |nmcaáo jnq ~wg gy|ns rgolago|g lg gy|g |gmn( ~wg gy won

lg hny inwyny lg `sninyfy gyifhnsgy q rgsyfonhgy/



Gy `wolnmgo|nh rnsn glwins( nmns hn paln q hn jwmnoalnl q n wof maymf *go ygo|alf

rfya|apf!( jny|n gh rwo|f lg ~wg oaoeûo ni|f ~wg of rns|n lg gy|n mîzamn ygsî cwgof rnsn

hn rgsyfon n hn ~wg yg glwin/ Yùhf nyí rflsî pfhinsyg go áh nw|áo|aif nmfs( amrsgyiaolachg

rnsn hfesns owgy|sf rsfqgi|f lg rgsyfon/ Go |flf noîhayay lg nhef sghniafonlf ifo hn

glwiniaùo jnq ~wg pgs ya go gh `folf yg iwmrhg gy|f/<

9 Hn glwiniaùo q hn yfiaglnl( `fsmnlfsn lgh insîi|gs lgh aolapalwf/ < Rglnefffeín 9222; Ewín rsîi|ain rnsn lfigo|gy( rnlsgy q wof maymf - Ofgma Rnqmnh

Hn layiarhaon lgcg ygs hn kwy|n rnsn ~wg nrsgolno n sgyrg|nsyg q ifmrfs|nsyg go

yfiaglnl( |fhgsnolf hny la`gsgoiany q goifo|snolf hn sa~wg{n ~wg inln rgsyfon |goen go yí

maymn/ Jnq ~wg `fmgo|ns gh kwgef rns|aiarn|apf q gh nmfs/

Wo rsfchgmn ~wg ywseg nh ao|go|ns jnigs won sg`fsmn go hn glwiniaùo hf rfogo hfy ~wg |agogo hn ûh|amn rnhncsn/ GhEfcagsof( n pgigy( ln hn amrsgyaùo lg gy|ns `fsmnlf rfs rgsyfony ~wg of gy|îo inrnia|nlny rnsn gkgsigs gh rflgs ~wg hgyjn yalf ifoànlf/

Hn rsfesgyapn lgyrgsyfonha{niaùo lg hn yfiaglnl( yg jn isgnlf wo iísiwhf paiafyf rfs gh iwnh hny rgsyfony ~wg hn `fsmnopno rgslagolf yw rgsyfonhalnl go `npfs lg won eaeno|gyin fsenoa{niaùo gifoùmain ~wg hf ifo|sfhn |flf/ Q hf rgfs gy ~wgonlag hn lasaeg( rfs~wg aoihwyf hfy ~wg hn ifolwigo gy|îo( go sgnhalnl( efcgsonlfy rfs ghhn/

Hn ya|wniaùo( rfs |no|f( gy cny|no|g rsgfiwrno|g/ Gh `w|wsf lg won yfiaglnl `fsmnln rfs rgsyfony rfif rsgrnsnlny gaomnlwsny of ln mwq cwgofy nwewsafy/ Hny rgsyfony ~wg hn `fsmno( ~wg |nh pg{ of rwglno hhgens n hhnmnsyg aolapalwfy(ygsîo `îiahmgo|g mnhgnchgy/ Hfy eswrfy lg rflgs rflsíno mfpgsyg n yw no|fkf q( hf rgfs lg |flf gy ~wg go oaoeûo inyfygsíno gha|gy/ Rsfcnchgmgo|g |golsíno |no rfin ̀ fsmniaùo ifmf hfy lgmîy q jncsíno niiglalf nh rflgs lg nheûo mflffyiwsf( rfs frfs|woaymf f rfs insaymn( rgsf yw mnogkf lg hn rfhí|ain |agog ~wg ygs( ̀ fs{fynmgo|g( in|ny|sùàin/

Rgsf jnq nhef go hf ~wg lgcgmfy ifoàns/ \flfy hfy esnolgy jwmnoay|ny lg hfy ûh|amfy

lfyiago|fy nþfy jno |gmalf gy|f maymf/ Nwo~wg hny ifyny jno gmrgfsnlf(

gyrgianhmgo|g go gy|n gsn lg hny |ghgifmwoainiafogy ~wg lgyifmwoaino n hny rgsyfony(

gyrgsf ~wg of |flf ywigln |no sîralf ifmf rgoynmfy/ \nh pg{ lá |agmrf n ~wg gh ygs

jwmnof yg sgegogsg lg nheûo mflf/ Ya gy|f of fiwssg( rwglg hn lgyjwmnoa{niaùo ygn

|no sîraln ~wg |fln hn jwmnoalnl yg lgy|swqn go rfif |agmrf q yg rwgln pfhpgs n

ifoy|swas( lgylg igsf( won owgpn jay|fsan go hn ~wg yg nrsgoln lg hfy gssfsgy lgh rnynlf/

Ya gy ~wg ~wgln nhewon jwghhn lg áh f nhewago rnsn ~wg hn ao|gsrsg|g/



HN GYIWGHN LG JFQ† RSFCHGMN HN\GO\G

Jnig mwijf |agmrf hn goygþno{n go hny gyiwghny q ifhgeafy lgkf lg ygs lapgs|aln rnsn

hfy gy|wlano|gy4 lgcalf n hn pghf{ sgpfhwiaùo lg hn ao`fsmî|ain q hny |ghgifmwoainiafogy4

^wg gy|îo hhgpnolf |flf |arf lg ifofiamago|f q egogsnolf gzrgsagoiany paywnhgy ~wg

|snoy`fsmno q n hn pg{ |sny|fsono gh ifmrfs|nmago|f lg hfy aolapalwfy gyrgianhmgo|g n hfy

oaþfy q kùpgogy ~wg of goiwgo|sno won fsago|niaùo oa gzrhainiaùo ihnsn yfcsg ywy

papgoiany paywnhgy yamrhgmgo|g rfs~wg oa ywy `nmahany oa hfy go|gy glwin|apfy jno hfesnlf

go|golgs ~wg yg lgcg wsego|gmgo|g sgfsago|ns hfy yay|gmny lg glwiniaùo rnsn lgyrgs|nsgo hfy glwinolfy wo ao|gsáy mnqfs q lg mgkfs nrsgola{nkg go hfy ni|wnhgy ifhgeafy/

Hn |snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn goygþno{n jn yalf rsfraianln gyrgianhmgo|g rfs hfy npnoigy

|giofhùeaify mîy of rfs wo ifmrsfmayf aoy|a|wiafonh oa rsf`gyafonh lg hfy glwinlfsgy/ Hf

~wg jnig pgs ihnsnmgo|g ~wg gh nrsgola{nkg rsf`wolf yfcsg mwijfy |gmny yg gy|î

nl~wasagolf go f|sfy gyigonsafy mîy of go gh ifhgeaf/ Gy |say|g yncgs ~wg nhewofy

Glwinlfsgy yg cnyno og|nmgo|g go hacsfy ‗ewíny ’ |nhhgsgy‐ gpnlagolf hn sgyrfoyncahalnl

lg rsgrnsns wo |gmn lg|gsmaonlf q sfmragolf ifo gh ifmrsfmayf aoy|a|wiafonh ~wg gy

`fsmns nh aolapalwf n ifmrfs|nsyg go yfiaglnl q lg gy|n mnogsn ifhfins nh gy|wlano|g n

pnhgsyg rfs ya maymf q lgynssfhhns |gmny ~wg go iags|ny finyafogy of jno yalf pay|fy/

Lg f|sn rns|g go hny aoy|a|wiafogy glwin|apny yw |snoy`fsmniaùo yaewg yagolf lgmnyanlf

hgo|n rwgy yfhf yg of|n hn rns|g `íyain go nmrhaniafogy q sgmflghniafogy lg hf gy|swi|wsnh

rgsf yao inmcafy go yw `ahfyf`ín lg goygþno{n( n rgyns lg |gogs hny jgssnmago|ny rnsnhhgens n hfy glwinolfy hny jgmfy lgyifofialf q go gh rgfs lg hf inyfy hny gy|nmfy

gyifolagolf rfs gh |gmfs ~wg gh gy|wlano|g yg go|gsg lg lfolg hhgen owgy|sf

ifofiamago|f/



IFOIHWYAFOGY

>/ Wo ao`fsmg lg hn WOGYIF lgh nþf rnynlf ygþnhn ~wg; ‗Gh 1>' lg hfy oaþfy ifo

niigyf nh |ghgpayfs go ywy jfensgy( rnyno wo rsfmglaf lg |sgy jfsny lansany lghno|g

lg hn rno|nhhn q hg lglaino mîy lg wo 72 rfs iago|f ~wg n iwnh~wags f|sn ni|apalnl‐/ Hn

goiwgy|n ~wg yaspaù rnsn laijf ao`fsmg gy|nchgiaù ~wg won jfsn lg rsfesnmn ifo|agog

go rsfmglaf( lg iaoif n lag{ gyigony lg pafhgoian rsgygo|nlny( go yw mnqfsín ifmf

nesnlnchgy f cgoá`ainy/3/ Go gh lgynssfhhf lg gy|g |gmn jgmfy rflalf go|golgs hn amrfs|noian ~wg |agog hn glwiniaùo q hn yfiaglnl/ Won

lgrgolg lg hn f|sn( rgsf n hf ~wg |agolg hn glwiniaùo ni|wnh of gy n `fsmns nh jfmcsg rnsn ~wg rns|aiarg ifo ywy

insni|gsíy|ainy rsfrany go hn paln ifmwoa|nsan( yaof n ~wg rns|aiarg go hn paln ifmwoa|nsan fhpalnolf ywy insni|gsíy|ainy

rsfrany/

9/ \nmcaáo hn glwiniaùo |agog amrfs|no|gy nrfs|niafogy n hn ryaifhfeín jwmnon n

inwyn lg hny sghniafogy ifo hfy lgmîy q gy|n rwglg ygspas rnsn isgns won yfiaglnl



mîy yfhalnsan( mîy ifmrsfmg|glfsn( mîy lgmfisî|ain q ifo won nr|a|wl mîy

rsfesgyay|n/

</ Hn glwiniaùo rns|aiarn go hn paln q gh isgiamago|f lg hn yfiaglnl( nyí go yw lgy|aof

gz|gsafs ifmf go yw gy|swi|wsniaùo ao|gson q go yw lgynssfhhf gyrasa|wnh( q rwgy|f ~wg gh

lgynssfhhf yfianh lgrgolg lg hn ifoiagoian lg hfy pnhfsgy ~wg saego hn paln jwmnon( hnjay|fsan lg hn glwiniaùo yg jnhhn gygoianhmgo|g ifolaiafonln rfs gh inmcaf lg hfy

pnhfsgy pîhalfy rnsn inln yfiaglnl#/

7/ Of rgsma|nmfy ~wg hny ynhny lg ao|gsog| ncags|ny nh rûchaif yao oaoeûo ifo|sfh lg

onpgeniaùo yaeno |snoy`fsmnolf gh rgoynmago|f lg owgy|sf jakfy rfs ~wg go hfy

ifhgeafy of goiwgo|sno gy|g mglaf lg nrsgola{nkg n yw layrfyaiaùo/

WO CWGO MNGY\SF GY WO NMAEF

‗\agogy ~wg ygs cwgof( nmaenchg q |gogs ifo`ano{n go ma/// lgcgy gyiwijns q

Ifmrsgolgsofy n |flfy ofyf|sfy/// q of rgslgs owoin hn inhmn///‐ 7

7 Rfogoian rsgygo|nln go gh Ifoesgyf lg Mnlsal Laiagmcsg-1: rfs; Kfyá Sapgsf J/



GH RNRGH LG HN MWKGS GO HN GLWINIAFO LGYLG HNIFHFOAN JNY\N JFQ

Hfy inmcafy rfhí|aify q iwh|wsnhgy ~wg yg jno papalf lgylg hn ifhfoan ofy mwgy|snoifmf hn mwkgs jn |fmnlf rns|alf q jn gmrsgolalf won hwijn rfs hn aewnhlnl lglgsgijfy( lfolg jn ~wgsalf lgmfy|sns ~wg ywy inrnialnlgy ywy aewnhgy g aoihwyfmnqfsgy ~wg hny lg hfy jfmcsgy( rgsf jn yalf lwsnmgo|g kw{enln rfs ghhf( qn ~wgn inwyn lg yw hwijn jn lgknlf n wo hnlf hn ~wg ygsín yw rsaoiarnh |nsgn( glwins nywy jakfy q ygspashg n yw gyrfyf/

Gy |say|g sgifslns hny ify|wmcsgy iwh|wsnhgy ~wg yg amrhgmgo|ncno go hn ifhfoanlfolg hn mwkgs of |goín incaln( yfhf hny mwkgsgy lg ygi|fsgy nifmflnlfy |goínolgsgijf n niiglgs n ifopgo|fy lfolg hgy goygþncno hgi|f-gyisa|wsn( inhiwhf(

ify|wsn( cfslnlf4 nhewony rfiny nrsgolíno cnahg q nhef lg mûyain aoy|swmgo|nh(nwo~wg go egogsnh sgiacíno won glwiniaùo lfmáy|ain( cnynln go hn goygþno{n lghny hncfsgy jfensgþny/

Rnsn go|golgs mgkfs gh rnrgh ~wg jn lgynssfhhnlf hn mwkgs *>! lgylg hn ifhfoan gyamrfs|no|g fcygspns n hny mwkgsgy ~wg rgs|gogiíno n inln g|oan;

HNY GYRNÞFHNY; Lwsno|g hn ifhfoan yg ifoyfhalf gh rn|sansinlf *3! go|sghfy chnoify q mgy|a{fy lfolg hn mwkgs ~wglf ywcfslaonln n hny ùslgogy lghjfmcsg/

HNY AOLAEGONY;Ywy ify|wmcsgy( yw mfsnh( yw `fsmn rns|aiwhns lgywcfslaoniaùo nh jfmcsg q( yfcsg |flf( yw rns|aiarniaùo go gh |sncnkf lg hnifmwoalnl ncfsaego g aoihwyapg lg hn lgyigolgoian “~wg `wg mn|sahaognhjny|n gh yaehf ZAZ“ lno wo yghhf rgiwhans n yw rsfigyf lg frsgyaùo/

HNY OGESNY; Amrsamagsfo insni|gsíy|ainy gyrgiíàiny n hn gpfhwiaùo lghrn|sansinlf hn|aofnmgsainof( lg|gsmaonolf wo |arf lg `nmahan lay|ao|f nh lghfy ifhfoa{nlfsgy/

*> !j||r;&&mn{aoegs/yayac/wijahg/ih&sgrfya|fsaf&hc&àhfyfànVqVjwmnoalnlgy&pa|nhg&fcsny&yqy&`mw&n&i29/rl`

*3! j||r;&&uuu/ufslsg`gsgoig/ifm&lgàoaiafo&rn|sansinlf

Gh |sncnkf lgygmrgþnlf rfs hny mwkgsgy lg fsaego chnoif gy la`gsgo|g ~wg ghsgnha{nlf rfs hny mgy|a{ny( aolíegony( ogesny q mwhn|ny4 hny rsamgsny( sgihwalny go

http://mazinger.sisib.uchile.cl/repositorio/lb/filosofia_y_humanidades/vitale/obras/sys/fmu/a/c03.pdf

http://www.wordreference.com/definicion/patriarcado

http://www.wordreference.com/definicion/patriarcado




gh jfens( sgrsflwiíno jakfy rnsn ifoyfhalns gh yay|gmn lg lfmaoniaùo ifhfoanh q lgihnyg( nwo~wg |nmcaáo yw`síno( gh rgyf lgh rn|sansinlf/

Hny mwkgsgy aolíegony lfchgmgo|g rgskwlainlny rfs gh yay|gmn lg |sacw|niaùo(|goíno ~wg rsflwias wo gziglgo|g rnsn rnens laijf |sacw|f *>!( qn ~wg hn mnqfsín

lg hfy jfmcsgy lgcín sgnha{ns `fs{fynmgo|g |sncnkfy go hny goifmagolny lg hnymaony q jniagolny4 nlgmîy hny mwkgsgy |goíno ~wg sgrsflwias hn `wgs{n lg|sncnkf ~wg yg nrsfrancno hfy ifo~way|nlfsgy q egogsns pnhfsgy lg wyf rnsn ghnw|fifoywmf `nmahans q ifmwonh/ Hn laeoalnl lg hn mwkgs aolíegon `wg pafhnln(of yfhf |goín ~wg rsflwias( yaof ~wg |nmcaáo gsn wo fckg|f ygzwnh q sgrsflwi|apf(gy|f mîy nlghno|g yg ifopgs|asín go won gy|sn|gean lg ijno|nkg nh rnlsg chnoifrnsn nl~wasas hn ncyfhwiaùo lgh rnef lgh |sacw|f/

Rgsf gy|n gy|sn|gean of gsn mîy ~wg won rg~wgþn `fsmn lg sgihnmns ywylgsgijfy( nlgmîy hny mwkgsgy yg ifopas|agsfo go wo fckg|f sgrsflwi|fs ~wg of

fc|goín oaoeûo rhnigs( wo ygs ~wg yfhf iwmrhín won hncfs ygspah( nwo~wg go hnárfin rsgifhfmcaon hn mwkgs `wg ifoyalgsnln wo ygs lg pnhfs aolayrgoynchg( gohn ifhfoan `wg sghgenln n wo ygewolf rhnof/

Hn ifoigriaùo lg hn paseaoalnl lg hny mwkgsgy gy nhef jgsglnlf lg hfy gwsfrgfyygeûo @gsonolf lg Fpaglf ~wago fcygspf hny ify|wmcsgy lg hfy aolíegony áhlgiín ‗Gy rsgewo|nlf/ Gh rnlsg f hn mnls g lg hn ofpan ya pagog pasego4 ya laigo~wg yí q gh mnsalf of hn jnqn |nh( yg hn |fson q gh mnsalf ~wgln hacsg q ghhn rfsmnhn mwkgs ifofialn4 rgsf ya of gy pasego q ghhfy yfo ifo|go|fy( rnyn ghmn|samfoaf( iwnolf; no|gy lg ifoywmns hn iùrwhn/ Npaynsfo ~wg of gsn pasego(

rfs~wg mwijfy jnq ~wg ao`hwasín go hny ifssfmralny ~wg of hny písegogy‐ *3!4 hnpaseaoalnl yagmrsg jn yalf nhef rfs hf ~wg hny mwkgsgy jno yalf mwq kw{enlny(rnsn hfy jfmcsgy go|sg mîy |gmrsnof |goeno sghniafogy ifa|nhgy mgkfs( yaogmcnsef hn mwkgs rfs yw rnrgh lghainlf q iny|f( lgcg ygs pasego jny|n ghmn|samfoaf( gy|ny ify|wmcsgy yfo wo |no|f mnijay|ny rfs yw ifo|goalf gefíy|n qpniíf/

*> !j||r;&&mn{aoegs/yayac/wijahg/ih&sgrfya|fsaf&hc&àhfyfànVqVjwmnoalnlgy&pa|nhg&fcsny&yqy&`mw&n&i29/rl`

*3!@GSOÎOLG[ LG FPAGLF; Jay|fsan egogsnh q on|wsnh lg hny Aolany ( Hacsf <3( inr/ AAA( Mnlsal( >:7>

Go yw hwijn hn mwkgs jn |goalf ~wg lgynàns esnolgy sg|fy ifmf n`sfo|ns hnifoigriaùo ~wg hn aehgyan in|ùhain jn amrwgy|f n igsin lg hn mwkgs ~wg hn jn jgijfrnsgigs ifmf ygs amrwsf( rginmaofyf g ao`gsafs gy|f yg pg gpalgoianlf gonhewofy sgrsgygo|no|gy lgh in|fhaiaymf Yno Rnchf ~wago iwgy|afoncn n hn mwkgsifmf sgrsflwi|fsn lg hn paln( nh lgias ~wg ‗of rsfiglg gh pnsùo lg hn mwkgs( yaof hnmwkgs lgh pnsùo‐ *Ifsao|afy >( >>->5!( ygo|goianolf; ‗|w lgygf ygsî gh lg |w mnsalf






q áh sgaonsî yfcsg |a‐ *Eáogyay 9->0!/ F|sf rnlsg lg hn Aehgyan( \gs|whanof(non|gmn|a{ncn; ‗|û gsgy hn rwgs|n lgh aoàgsof( |û `way|g hn ~wg sfmraù hfy yghhfy lghîscfh pglnlf‐4 mago|sny Yno Nmcsfyaf sniafonha{ncn gh yaeoaàinlf lgh rn|sansinlf;‗Nlîo `wg aolwialf nh rginlf rfs Gpn q of Gpn rfs Nlîo/ Gy kwy|f ~wg n~wg h n~wago hn mwkgs jn aolwialf nh rginlf ygn sgiacalf rfs ghhn ifmf yfcgsnof‐/ Qn hf

lakf Yno|f \fmîy lg N~waof; ‗hn mwkgs ogigya|n mnsalf of yfhnmgo|g rnsn hnegogsniaùo( hf maymf ~wg fiwssg go hfy lgmîy noamnhgy( yaof |nmcaáo rnsn ywrsfraf efcagsof( rwgy gh pnsùo gy mîy rgs`gi|f go iwno|f n hn sn{ùo q mîygoáseaif go pnhfs‐ *Ywmn ifo|sn ego|ahgy( AA( >39!/ Ifhfins n Gpn ifmf yímcfhf lghn mwkgs gy aolwias n algo|aàins n áy|n ifo gh rginlf( ifo hn ‗iníln‐( nonha{nlnhn|nmgo|g rfs Yno Newy|ío/

^wa{îy hn no|gsafs nàsmniaùo ygn wo |no|f iswgh qn ~wg yfhf yg go`fin go hnymnhny niiafogy lg hny ~wg jn yalf rns|aiarg hn mwkgs( gzihwqgolf hn pgslnlgsnhncfs ~wg lgygmrgþn hn mwkgs go hn yfiaglnl/

Hny mwkgsgy yagmrsg jno yalf goinsenlny lg hn glwiniaùo lg hfy jakfy( yaogmcnsef( ya nhef ynhg cago `wg fcsn lgh rnlsg rgsf ya ynhg mnh gy iwhrn lg hnmnlsg( yg jn sghgpnlf hn amrfs|noian lg hn glwiniaùo lfmgy|ain ûoainmgo|g n hnmnlsg( ~wglnolf gh rnlsg yao sgyrfoyncahalnl nhewon( yfhf gijnolf iwhrny lghmnh ifmrfs|nmago|f lg ywy jakfy/

Ifmf won mwkgs gkgmrhns mwq sgifofialn ~wg( ni|wnhmgo|g go jfofs n ghhn yg hgf|fsen gh ofmcsg go ifhgeafy g aoy|a|wiafogy( rnyf n hn jay|fsan ifo wo ifsn{ùopnhago|g( aoaian hn sgpfhwiaùo lg hfy ifmwogsfy4 Mnowghn Cgh|sîo(`wg hn rsamgsn

mwkgs go go`sgo|nsyg nh sáeamgo lgh efcagsof gyrnþfh( lgy|swqgolf hfy glai|fylfolg yg nowoiancn gh nh{n lg hfy amrwgy|fy( yagolf rfs hf |no|f ifoyalgsnlnifmf #hn jgsfíon lgh rwgchf/# Go hn Owgpn Esnonln gh >0 lg mns{f lg >5:>(iwnolf( ifo 75 nþfy( sfmraù gh glai|f lgh Nqwo|nmago|f lg Gh Yfifssf *Yno|nolgs!rfs gh iwnh yg àkncn gh amrwgy|f lg Nsmnln q Cnshfpgo|f *>!( ja{f sgnhmgo|g ghinmcaf( lg of ygs rfs ghhn( lg of ygs rfs n~wghhn mwkgs onialn go YfifssfYno|nolgs( of yg yncg ~wg jwcagyg ywiglalf lgyrwáy/ Hwgef pagog wo inmcaf( wolgyrgs|ns rnsn hn mwkgs( rfs~wg lg njí yfcsgynhgo yao maglf nhewof( hn `wgs{n lgpfhwo|nl rnsn ynhas n lghno|g lg inln won lg ghhny( gpalgo|gmgo|g of yg lgknon|sîy hny ~wg hg yaspgo nh jfmcsg( rgsf n inwyn lg gyf yg hhgen n won esnosgpfhwiaùo `gmgoaon( q gy njí go lfolg yg rsfiglg n jnchns lg hn mwkgs ni|wnh/

Jay|ùsainmgo|g hn mwkgs jn lgygmrgþnlf wo rnrgh `wolnmgo|nh go hn `nmahannrfs|nolf lg mnogsn rsf|neùoain rnsn ~wg gy|g amrfs|no|g oûihgf yfianh iwmrhnifo ywy `woiafogy lgo|sf lg hn yfiaglnl/ Go gh rnynlf hn mwkgs |goín nyaeonln hny|nsgny lgh jfens( iwalnlf lg hfy jakfy q gh gyrfyf/ Go hn ni|wnhalnl yw sfh yg jn alfifmrhgka{nolf( rwgy nlgmîy lg nywmas gyny |nsgny |snlaiafonhgy |nmcaáo



lgygmrgþn mûh|arhgy sfhgy `wgsn lg hn `nmahan/ Hn mwkgs lg jfq( gyrgianhmgo|g hnwscnon ~wg sgrsgygo|n hn mnqfsín( gy|î no|g won ya|wniaùo lg yfcsginsen lg|sncnkf/

Hn mnlsg gy ~wago mno|agog mnqfs ifo|ni|f ifo gh mwolf gz|gsof lg hfy jakfy(

paoiwhnln ifo hfy igo|sfy glwin|apfy q gh rsfigyf lg nrsgola{nkg( nyí ifmf |flf hfsghn|apf n hn ynhwl/

Hn mwkgs rsglfmaon go gh iwalnlf lg hfy oaþfy( rwgy iwnolf hn mnlsg of rwglgn|golgshf( inya yagmrsg gy f|sn mwkgs ~wg yg goinsen lg ghhfy *rgsyfon rnenln(ncwghn( |ín( pgiaon!/

Jfq go lín hny mwkgsgy lgygmrnþno rnrghgy amrfs|no|gy go hn paln q ifo gh|snoyiwsyf lgh |agmrf jno gyinhnlf rfyaiafogy go lay|ao|fy îmca|fy ifmf hnsghaeaùo( hn rfhí|ain( hfy lgrfs|gy( hn |ghgpayaùo q nwo nyí of yg jno cnknlf lg yw

hwens go gh jfens( jnq mwkgsgy q mnlsgy n hn pg{( rwglg ~wg gzay|n pafhgoian( hnylsfeny( gh mnh|sn|f rgsf |flf gyf of snlain go ghhny( snlain go |flfy( go hnjwmnoalnl ifmf |nh( q hn mwkgs ~wg gy|î hhgon lg nmfs( rfs~wg hn sgnhalnl gy ~wgyaewg gzay|agolf won esno nyamg|sín go gh |agmrf lglainlf n hn inyn q hfy jakfy/Yamrhgmgo|g jfq( n ifmf lá hwens( hn mwkgs yg lgy|nin mgkfs ~wg gh jfmcsg qonlag rwglg lwlns qn lg ywy ifo~way|ny hncfsnhgy; nwmgo|n gh rfsigo|nkg lgmwkgsgy nynhnsanlny( inln pg{ mîy gy|wlano|gy woapgsya|nsany( gmrsgynsany(insefy rfhí|aify g|i/( q ifo ifssgyrfolgoian gy ihnsf lgias ~wg gh inmcaf goowgy|sn yfiaglnl yfhf gy rfyachg ya hny mwkgsgy yg rfogo go esno layrfyaiaùohncfsnh rnsn mfhlgns nyrgi|fy lg hn yfiaglnl q n hn pg{ yfy|gogs( glwins q

goygþns n ywy jakfy lîolfhgy wo esno gkgmrhf/

*> !j||r;&&gy/uadarglan/fse&uada&NsmnlnVlgVCnshfpgo|f

Hn yfcsginsen lg |sncnkf lg hn mwkgs jn jgijf ~wg yg mwh|arha~wgo hfy rsfchgmnylg ynhwl go ghhny( wo gkgmrhf ihnsf gy gh gy|sáy ~wg yg rsflwig rfs niwmwhniaùolg ni|apalnlgy ~wg lgcg lgygmrgþns go inln wof lg hfy sfhgy ~wg lgcg nywmas(gy|f hf pgmfy gpalgoianlf go hny mnlsgy Csnwhay|ny( ~wagogy yfo píi|amny lg gy|nn`giiaùo( ~wagogy hhgeno n rsgygo|ns pnsafy yío|fmny ~wg aolaino hn ifoegy|aùo lg

|sncnkf q sgyrfoyncahalnl ~wg |agogo4 gh rsfchgmn lg mwijny mwkgsgy gy ~wgyagmrsg rsg|golgo sgyfhpgs hfy rsfchgmny `nmahansgy( hncfsnhgy( rgsyfonhgy of yfhfaolapalwnhgy yaof ifhgi|apfy( ~wa{îy gy|n gy won lg hn inwyny ~wg rsflwigomnqfsgy íolaigy lg niwmwhniaùo lg gy|sáy gy lg pa|nh amrfs|noian nlghno|nsinmrnþny rnsn hny mnlsgy Csnwhay|ny( laijny inmrnþny yg go`n|a{nsíno gonrsgolgs n lay|sacwas gh |agmrf rnsn inln ni|apalnl ~wg lgcgo lgygmrgþns*mnogkf

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_de_Barlovento

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_de_Barlovento



@fsf glwin|apf aoy|a|wiafonh

\a|whf;

\snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn glwiniaùo n |snpáy lgh caigo|gonsaf q ywao`hwgoian go hn `nmahan ifmf oûihgf lg hn yfiaglnl ni|wnh/

Rsgygo|nlf rfs;

\n|anon Pnsghn Mn|gwy

@galgs ynhnmnoin Ew|aássg{

Hgalq Dn|jgsaog Efo{îhg{Esnlf; >> N

Ifhgeaf;

Aoy|a|wiaùo Glwin|apn Csnwhaf Efo{îhg{

In|gefsín; 9

Ao|sflwiiaùo

Go hn árfin lg hn lfmaoniaùo gyrnþfhn hn glwiniaùo hn amrns|íno hfy ihásaefy fynigslf|gy go ygmaonsafy q ifhgeafy mnqfsgy( gsn rsapahgeaf lg hny ihnygy yfianhgymny nh|ny( rnsn gh aoesgyf yg |goíno sg~waya|fy cîyaify ifmf( lgmfy|sns ywhamrag{n lg ynoesg ygs jakf hgea|amf q nlgmîy hfy rnlsgy lgh nyrasno|g of lgcgsínofiwrns insefy cnkfy f aoofchgy/

Lgyrwáy lg hn aolgrgolgoian q gmnoiarniaùo lg Ifhfmcan hn glwiniaùo `wgf|fsenln nh Gy|nlf( hf ~wg finyafof ~wg hn aehgyan rgslagsn rflgsíf q rns|aiarniaùogo hfy nywo|fy lg hn glwiniaùo/



Go hn glwiniaùo ygiwolnsan yg rsgygo|n hn nwygoian lg rsf`gyfsgy nr|fy q lglaogsf( jwcf wo amrfs|no|g isgiamago|f go hn rns|g lg ifoy|swiiaùo lgwoapgsyalnlgy hny iwnhgy |goíno gh fckg|apf lg isgns owgpny ihnygy lasaego|gy/

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Ifmgo{nolf gh yaehf ZZ go >123 ifo hn rsf`woln isayay lg hn rfyewgssn hf ~wgfchaef n mwijfy oaþfy n ncnolfons ywy gyiwghny q nlgmîy gh efcagsof yg paffchaenlf n sg|fmns gh lgisg|f lg >:53>/

Gy|n rfogoian yg nifeg nh gkg |gmî|aif ¶Iùmf yg sghniafon hn glwiniaùo ifo hn|snoy`fsmniaùo lg hny `nmahany q hn yfiaglnl6 Rwgy yg pno n |sn|ns hfy lay|ao|fyrsfchgmny ~wg n~wgkno n hny `nmahany q rfs golg n hn yfiaglnl ni|wnh esniany n hnglwiniaùo csaolnln n owgy|sfy rnlsgy( rsfrfolsgmfy nh|gson|apny lg yfhwiaùo ~wgyg rflsíno amrns|as go hn glwiniaùo( nrsfpgijnolf hn sg`fsmn glwin|apn nrhainlngo gh rsgygo|g nþf/

>Hfy gy|wlano|gy wscnofy gy|wlansíno hn rsamnsan rfs 0 nþfy q hfy lg hn {fon swsnh rfs 9 nþfy/ Lg|gsmaons

won glwiniaùo lg ygewoln in|gefsín( gy lgias gy|nchgiamago|fy lg ráyamny ifolaiafogy cnkfy aoesgyfy rnsn

hfy lfigo|gy q rfif mn|gsanh lg |sncnkf/



NSEWMGO\FY

Hn árfin lg hn ifhfoan-ifo~way|n q yw ao`hwgoian go hn glwiniaùo lg hfy isgiago|gy

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Hn paln `nmahans q yfianh go gy|g ifo|gz|f of gsn mwq ynon lgcalf nh mnh|sn|ffinyafonlf rfs hfy glwinlfsgy ~wg go gy|n rns|g lg hn jay|fsan gsno ynigslf|gy q|nmcaáo hfy rnlsgy ~wg ygewíno gh gkgmrhf ~wg nhewon pg{ hgy lagsfo4 pnsafyrsfchgmny n~wgkncno hn `nmahan lg gy|n árfin( hn `nh|n lg lanhfef ~wg finyafoncnifo`hai|fy( hn yfcsgrsf|giiaùo lg hfy jakfy q hn lgrgolgoian gifoùmain lg gy|fy gohny ihnygy nh|ny/

Rsflwi|f lg gy|f gy won yfiaglnl gomnsinln go wo ifo|gz|f og|nmgo|g sghaeafyf(ifo |golgoian nw|fsa|nsan q ifo hgpgy csf|gy lg wo lgygf lg hacgs|nl rfs |no|nfrsgyaùo/

Go >:>2 yg lgihnsf hn aolgrgolgoian q ifo gy|f wo inmcaf |f|nh go owgy|sf rníy(hn glwiniaùo yw`saù mwijny sg`fsmny hf ~wg |nmcaáo nh|gsn hn rns|g yfiafiwh|wsnh lgowgy|sf rníy4 won lg hny rsaoiarnhgy sg`fsmny `wg hn lgh >170 n |snpáy lg hn hgq 70 3 gy|f gy go gh rgsaflf ifoygspnlfs go gh ~wg yg pgo rsf`wolfy inmcafy rgsf of|no yaeoaàin|apfy/

Go hn sgrûchain hacgsnh ~wg n`hfsn lgylg >192 n >1<0 hn sg`fsmny glwin|apnyyaewagsfo rgsf mny hgo|nmgo|g lgcalf n hn sgigyaùo gifoùmain ~wg n`sfo|ncnlaijn sgrûchain4 yg laf wo rnyf amrfs|no|g go hn sgehnmgo|niaùo lg nhewofynyrgi|fy lg hn hgq 70 lg >1354 lgyrwáy lg gy|f `wg wo mfmgo|f rsfraiaf rnsn wonsg`fsmn glwin|apn lg insîi|gs oniafonh/

Yg woaàif hn glwiniaùo swsnh q wscnon( yg isgnsfo hny `niwh|nlgy lg glwiniaùo qyg nrhainsfo go hn goygþno{n rsamnsan hfy má|flfy rglneùeaify lg hn gyiwghnni|apn gwsfrgn9/

3Yg hgeayhf lg mnogsn gzrhíia|n yfcsg hn glwiniaùo ygiwolnsan q yg ifolaiafof hn gzrglaiaùo lg |í|whfy n hn

nrsfcniaùo fàianh( yg |wpf wo ifo|sfh lasgi|f yfcsg hny aoy|a|wiafogy `fsmnlfsny lg lfigo|gy( hn inmrnþn lg

iwh|wsn nhlgnon hhgpf nh ygi|fs swsnh hfy rhno|gnmago|fy lgh maoay|gsaf( yg gla|nsfo nhewony rwchainiafogy go

hny ~wg yg amrns|aù wo rwo|f lg pay|n yfcsg hfy `goùmgofy iwh|wsnhgy q glwin|apfy/

Lgo|sf lg gy|fy mginoaymfy l g ifoyfhalniaùo( hn aoyrgiiaùo gyifhns `wg wof lg hfy aoy|swmgo|fy mîy

amrfs|no|gy rnsn ensno|a{ns hn |snoymayaùo( rwgy|n go mnsijn q ywrgspayaùo lg hny lg|gsmaoniafogy fàianhgy(

q ifoy|a|wqf wof lg hfy mnqfsgy ao|go|fy rnsn ifo|sfhns hn glwiniaùo

9¼¼hn sgpfhwiaùo go mnsijnbb *>19<->19:!



Ifhfino lg mflf lgiayapf hn glwiniaùo nh ygspaiaf lg hn ao|gesniaùo oniafonh/ \flfgy|f jnian rns|g lg wo rhno kwsílaif ~wg n |snpg{ lg hn sg`fsmn ifoy|a|wiafonhcwyincn go|sg f|sny ifyny n oapgh glwin|apf ifo gh ni|f hgeahn|apf Of/> lg >190<

lns iwsyf n hn sg`fsmn ifoy|a|wiafonh q cwyins rsgiayns hn aokgsgoian gy|n|nh go gh|gssgof glwin|apf/

Ifo gh isgiago|g inmcaf rnsn mgkfsns hfy lay|ao|fy nyrgi|fy lg hn glwiniaùo of yg|fmnsfo go iwgo|n hny sghniafogy gy|nlf-aehgyan ifo hny ifoygiwgo|gymfla`ainiafogy lgh ifoifsln|f( gh iwnh rfoín aoifopgoago|gy go nhewofy lg ywyns|íiwhfy n hny nyrasniafogy lg niiaùo gy|n|nh go hn glwiniaùo

Hn sg`fsmn nyaeof nh gy|nlf hn aoyrgiiaùo q paeahnoian lg hn glwiniaùo( nh |agmrf~wg lgihnsf hn hacgs|nl lg iwh|fy q lg ifoiagoian( hf iwnh gy wo aolaiaf lg ygþnhg hn

|golgoian n ifhaolns hfy îmca|fy lg hf iapah q sghaeafyf go gh |gssgof yfianh qglwin|apf( gy|f `niaha|f hn hacsg nhcglsaf lg mwijny rgsyfony hny iwnhgy gmrg{nsínowo pgslnlgsf inmcaf( go gh nyrgi|f `nmahans hfy kùpgogy gmrg{nsfo n lgkns n wohnlf hfy lfemny q lnshg rnyf n yw pgslnlgsn rgsyfonhalnl hf ~wg finyafofifo`hai|fy ao|sn`nmahansgy/

Go|sg >19: q >1<3 yg amrwhyf hn ifoy|swiiaùo gyifhns yg isgf gh rn|sfon|f gyifhnsrnsn lns amrwhyf n hn glwiniaùo rfrwhns q yg ao|go|f oniafonha{ns hn glwiniaùorsamnsan/ Yg ao|go|f nmrhans hn ifcgs|wsn glwin|apn cnkf hn ùr|ain lg hnni|wnha{niaùo q mflgsoa{niaùo lgh nrnsn|f glwin|apf/ Nh `aonh lgh rgsaflf gh

go|wyanymf gzrsgynlf rfs hfy efcgsono|gy jnian hn glwiniaùo( gmrg{ù n lgihaonsq ya cago qn of nrnsgig ifmf wo fckg|apf lg rsamgs fslgo rnsn hfy lasaego|gyrfhí|aify( go|sg hfy lapgsyfy gy|nmgo|fy glwin|apfy ya rgsyay|aù gh ao|gsáy rfs lnsrsafsalnl n hn |nsgn lg mflgsoa{niaùo glwin|apn/ gy lg nof|ns go ~wg go |flf gy|grgsaflf gh ygi|fs glwin|apf of hhgef n ef{ns oa ya~wagsn lg wo >2' lgh rsgywrwgy|foniafonh( yw |frg mîzamf `wg lg wo :'hf ~wg hama|f hn gkgiwiaùo lg fcsny lg esnogopgsenlwsn/ Ywmnolf n gy|f( hfy maoay|sfy go gy|g rgsaflf lg>0 nþfy hhgensfo nygs 30( hf ~wg aewnhmgo|g hama|f won ifo|aowalnl( ifjgsgoian q ifoy|swiiaùo lgpayaùo q rhnogniaùo nigs|nln lg hn rfhí|ain glwin|apn oniafonh/ >1<0 lwsno|g( ghmnoln|f lg Glwnslf yno|fy( gh maoay|sf lg glwiniaùo kfseg Ghagigs ena|no(

rsfmwhen go yw layiwsyf hf yaewago|g

<\fmnlf lg hn ifoy|a|wiaùo rfhí|ain( sgyrnhlnlf rfs pnsafy mneay|snlfy lg hn ifs|g ifoy|a|wiafonh/



@fsf glwin|apf aoy|a|wiafonh

Gh inmaof n hn esnolg{n

Nolsáy Ynoncsan Rgsahhn

Woláiamf ‘c”

Rglsf Kfywá Inslf{f

Woláiamf ‘c”

Aoy|a|wiaùo glwin|apn Csnwhaf Efo{îhg{

Qfrnh *Inynonsg!

32>2



AO\SFLWIIAFO

Hn glwiniaùo gy won lg hny `fsmny rfs hny iwnhgy hny oniafogy ifoyaewgosgifofiamago|f q esnolg{n/ Gy|g `wolnmgo|f `wg gh ~wg nrhainsfo owgy|sfyhacgs|nlfsgy ‗Yamùo Cfhípns‐ rnsn ifoynesns n Ifhfmcan ifmf won oniaùo hacsg q

go pín lg lgynssfhhf rfs mglaf lg hn glwiniaùo( gmrg{nolf lgylg hn árfin lg hnifhfoan hhgpîolfhn jny|n gh lín lg jfq lfolg yg jno jgijf esnolgy inmcafy/

Nyí maymf hn glwiniaùo gy wo lgsgijf `wolnmgo|nh( ifo|gmrhnlf lgo|sf lg hfylgsgijfy jwmnofy lnlfy n ifofigs go gyrnþfh rfs No|foaf Onsaþf/ Nlgmîylgygmrgþn wo esno rnrgh ifmf lgsgijf yfianh go hfy aolapalwfy on|fy lg inlnoniaùo f rníy( rfs gy|n sn{ùo gh gy|nlf lgcg csaolns |flny hny ensno|íny lg woncwgon glwiniaùo/

Lg niwgslf ifo hf no|gsafs cwyinmfy lns n go|golgs ifmf jn yalf hn sghniaùo lg

hn glwiniaùo sgyrgi|f n hn |snoy`fsmniaùo lg `nmahan q hn yfiaglnl( jniagolf wocsgpg sgrnyf lg hf ~wg `wg gh aoaiaf lg hn glwiniaùo q rfs~wg `wg |no amrfs|no|grnsn hn yfiaglnl q rfs golg rnsn hny `nmahany ~wg hn ao|gesncno/



GH INMAOF N HN ESNOLG[N

‗hny oniafogy mnsijno jnian gh |ásmaof lg yw esnolg{n( ifo gh maymf rnyf ~wg

inmaon hn glwiniaùo‐ W|aha{nolf gy|n `snyg lg owgy|sf hacgs|nlfs Yamùo Cfhípns( ofy lnmfy iwgo|nrfs~wg gy |no amrfs|no|g hn glwiniaùo go won yfiaglnl( rwgy|f ~wg yagmrsg jngzay|alf hn ogigyalnl lg |snoyma|as hfy ifofiamago|fy nl~wasalfy rfs iags|f eswrf nf|sfy eswrfy ao|gsgynlfy go yncgs laijfy ifofiamago|fy/ Gh ûoaif mglaf rfs ghiwnh gh ifofiamago|f rwglg yfcsgpapas gy rfs mglaf lg hn glwiniaùo nygewsnolf ghlgynssfhhf lg won yfiaglnl f oniaùo go iwgy|aùo/

Sg|fmnolf hn `snyg lg Yamùo Cfhípns( hn glwiniaùo gy gh gkg `wolnmgo|nh lg |flnoniaùo rwgy|f ~wg nygewsnsín hn |snoymayaùo lg |flfy hfy ifofiamago|fy lgegogsniaùo go egogsniaùo( gy|f hf |wpagsfo goino|n owgy|sfy hacgs|nlfsgy ifmfNo|foaf Onsaþf ~wago |snlwkf hfy lgsgijfy jwmnofy lgh `snoiáy nh gyrnþfh(nygo|nolf hny algny hacgsnhgy q nyí lnolf aoaiaf n hn oniaùo ifo won glwiniaùo ifoàogy lg esnolg{n/

Nyamaymf hn glwiniaùo `fsmn aolapalwf ifo wo rflgs nw|fisa|aif ~wg gy inrn{ lgygs wo aolapalwf û|ah rnsn won yfiaglnl lnolf n ifofigs yw rwo|f lg pay|n qisa|ainolf ifo nsewmgo|fy hf ~wg hg rnsgig ~wg gy|g mnh( hhgenolf nyí n ygs woaolapalwf lg mwijf pnhfs rnsn won oniaùo/

Hn glwiniaùo of gy hn egogsnha{niaùo lg hfy ygsgy jwmnofy yaof( rfs gh ifo|snsafinln aolapalwf rflsín n hhgens n ygs amrsgyiaolachg rnsn won yfiaglnl( rfs ywyinrnialnlgy aolapalwnhgy n oapgh lg ao|ghgi|wnh/

Rgsf gy ogigynsaf nàno{ns wo rfif mîy hfy ao|gsgygy lgh efcagsof rfs owgy|snglwiniaùo rwgy|f ~wg ifo gh rnyf lgh |agmrf yg jno pay|f inmcafy ywrgsàianhgyof inmcafy rfs ifmrhg|f( rwgy|f ~wg gy ogigynsaf rnsn wo rníy ifmf Ifhfmcanhfesns ~wg lgylg owgy|sny `nmahany yg ao|gsgygo rfs gh `w|wsf lg owgy|sn oniaùo(rwgy|f ~wg go gy|g mfmgo|f ofy pgmfy yfmg|alfy rfs gh qwef lg rníygy‗inra|nhay|ny‐ rfs~wg of jgmfy rflalf hacsnsofy |flnpín lg owgy|sny inlgony lg

gyihnpa|wl rfs iwhrn lg owgy|sfy efcgsono|gy ~wg of cwyino hn esnolg{n lg hnoniaùo yaof hn lg ghhfy/

Nyí maymf lgcgmfy go|golgs ~wg ‗esnolg{n‐ of gy hf maymf ~wg ‗ehfcnha{niaùo‐qn ~wg hn esnolg{n yg sgàgsg nh oapgh lg glwiniaùo ~wg |agog gh rníy( qehfcnha{niaùo gy gh gz|golgsyg nhino{nolf ifo ywy mgsinlfy( oapghgyao|gsoniafonhgy haenlf gy|sgijnmgo|g ifo hn yfiaglnlgy inra|nhay|ny( esniany n



rfhí|aify lg owgy|sf rníy ~wg |fmnsfo hny rfhí|ainy inra|nhay|ny ifmf rsfranyIfhfmcan ~wglf sghgpnlf ifmf rníy ywc lgynssfhhnlf/

Hf ~wg cwyinmfy gzrhains ifo gy|n `snyg gy ~wg hfy rníygy fc|agogo hn esnolg{nrfs mglaf lg yw glwiniaùo of hn fc|agogo lg f|sfy rníygy inra|nhay|ny f

lgynssfhhnlfy yaof ~wg gy|î go owgy|sfy rsfrany yfiaglnlgy q rfs golg go gh igoflg owgy|sny `nmahany/ Yfhf ya jwcaásnmfy |goalf wo rfif lg glwiniaùo go gygmfmgo|f of gy|wpaásnmfy haenlfy n gy|fy rsfchgmny ao|gsofy lg ewgssn qpafhgoian/

AO@HWGOIANY LG HNY IWNHGY ONIAÙ OWGY\SN GLWINIAÙO;

Hn glwiniaùo ifhfoanh lgylg àonhgy lgh yaehf ZPAAA go hn Owgpn Esnonln gy|wpfao`hwgoianln rfs hn Ahwy|sniaùo nmgsainon/ Hfy inmcafy rfhí|aify q iwh|wsnhgy ~wg ygegy|nsfo go hn ifhfoan |snoy`fsmnsfo go |sgy yaehfy hny yfiaglnlgy fsaeaonsanyamrfoagolf won owgpn sniafonhalnl ~wg ifoy|swqù hfy `wolnmgo|fy lg hn owgpnyfiaglnl nmgsainon go hf mîy nssnaenlf lg hny ify|wmcsgy yfianhgy( `nmahansgy qgyrasa|wnhgy( n |snpáy lg hn glwiniaùo q hn gpnoegha{niaùo( rnsn mflaàins lgmnogsn ywcy|noianh hn cnyg iwh|wsnh lg hny rfchniafogy ‗aolf-nmgsainony q n`sf-nmgsainony/

Go gh rsfigyf lg |snoyaiaùo lg hn glwiniaùo lfmáy|ain n hn glwiniaùo ifhfoanh( ygrsflwkgsfo swr|wsny iwh|wsnhgy ~wg rgsma|agsfo gh ywseamago|f lg owgpnyaoy|a|wiafogy yfianhgy4 hn rsaoiarnh swr|wsn yg rhno|gn go hn iálwhn sgnh lgh ‗>< lgnefy|f lg >50:‐( |no|f n oapgh lg hf `nmahans ifmf lg hf sghaeafyf ifo gh mnoln|f~wg hn glwiniaùo of rflsín ygewas gy|nolf oa cnkf gh lfmaof lg hf sghaeafyf oa cnkfgh lfmaoaf lg hf `nmahans/ Hn ifoygiwgoian lg laijn rsfjacaiaùo ygsî gh híma|g q hnao|gspgoiaùo n hn glwiniaùo lfmáy|ain( hn nrgs|wsn lg gyiwghny rûchainy( hngmgsegoian lg mngy|sfy lg rsamgsny hg|sny q gh ifo|sfh q paeahnoian lgh Gy|nlf gohfy nywo|fy glwin|apfy n |snpáy lg hn aoy|swiiaùo rûchain/

‗Cîscnsn Qnlasn Ensiín Yîoijg{‐

Lgcalf nh no|gsafs `snemgo|f lg Cîscnsn Qnlasn Ensiín Yîoijg{( yg rwglg nàsmns~wg ‗No|foaf Rsnln Iniwn‐ |goín hn sn{ùo nh lgias ~wg ‗gh ao|gsáy rfs hn glwiniaùojn yalf won ifoy|no|g n |flf hf hnsef lg hn jay|fsan Ifhfmcanon( ~wg pn lgylg hfysgmf|fy |agmrfy rsgifhfmcaofy jny|n yw gzay|goian ifmf oniaùo aolgrgolago|g ‐~wg sgywmg hf no|gsafs/



Go |golagolf wo rfif rfs~wg |gogmfy gyny algny inra|nhay|ny ~wg ofy n|no go wooapgh lg aeofsnoian rsgfiwrno|g rfs iwhrn lg hny ifrany lg yay|gmny lg glwiniaùolg f|sfy rníygy rfs rns|g lg owgy|sn jay|fsan rnynln/

Rfs gy|n sn{ùo lgcgmfy |sn|ns lg gy|ny esnolgy iapaha{niafogy amrhno|nolf wo

yay|gmn lg glwiniaùo rsfraf rsfmfpalf rfs owgy|sfy efcgsono|gy q ifo gy|fifoygewas isgigs lg mnogsn aolapalwnh of nrfqnlfy go f|sny oniafogy ~wgyamrhgmgo|g gyrgsno owgy|sn iníln rnsn ghhfy nrsfpgijns gyg aoy|no|g g amrhno|nsowgpny algny inra|nhay|ny/

HFY LFIGO\GY F RSF@GYFSGY;

Hfy lfigo|gy kwencno wo rnrgh mwq amrfs|no|g go hn glwiniaùo ifhfoanh rwgy|f~wg ghhfy gsno hfy lasgi|fsgy lg |flfy hfy ifofiamago|fy ~wg |snoyma|íno n hfynhwmofy q nlgmîy ~wg gsno won lg hny yfiaglnlgy ifo mny sgifofiamago|f( rfsyw hncfs ifmf glwinlfsgy q rfs yw nw|fsalnl nh lns rfs jgijf ~wg hf ~wg ghhfylgiíno gsn ifmf won gyrgiag lg hgq f gsn lnlf rfs jgijf/

Nyí maymf hfy lfigo|gy( w|aha{ncno |áioainy lg gy|wlaf swlamgo|nsany( cwgof go yílg hn árfin( laijny |áioainy acno goinmaonlny nyín hn `ahfyf`ín( rfs~wg hnahwy|sniaùo `wg won ifran lg yay|gmny lg gy|wlaf gwsfrgf/

Ifo hf no|gsafs rflgmfy lgias ~wg hfy lfigo|gy yfo rns|g rsamfslanh lg wonyfiaglnl( go owgy|sn árfin yfo hfy `wolnlfsgy lg owgy|sny algny q owgy|sfyewíny go gy|g mwolf hhgof lg fcy|îiwhfy( gy lgias yfo hfy ~wg ofy ncsgo gh rnyfrnsn ygewas owgy|sf inmaof go hn paln ifmf jfmcsgy lg cago/

Rfs f|sf hnlf hn ao|gsniiaùo lgh gy|wlano|g-rsf`gyfs go gy|g mfmgo|f gy ifmf wonsghniaùo lg rnlsg n jakf rfs ~wá gh rsf`gyfs gy ifmf ya `wgsn lg yw `nmahan rwgy|f~wg |agog ~wg nqwlns go hn `fsmniaùo á|ain g ao|ghgi|wnh ifmrns|agolfrsîi|ainmgo|g wo 72' lgh |agmrf lg wo lín/

Go nhewofy inyfy hfy rsf`gyfsgy jno yalf n yw pg{ gh rnrgh lg rnlsg( ryaiùhfef q

mngy|sf( rfs~wg jnq gy|wlano|gy ~wg yfo mnh|sn|nlfy go ywy jfensgy(ifopas|aáolfyg go ifo`algo|gy lg ywy nhwmofy( n yw pg{ go rsf|gi|fsgy( ~wg yfhf nyw hnlf yg yago|go ygewsfy/ Hhgenolf nh rwo|f ~wg hfy nhwmofy lg iwsyfyywrgsafsgy f woapgsya|nsafy |gsmaono rfs gopfhpgsyg go sghniafogy nmfsfyny ifoywy mngy|sfy/



Rfs ûh|amf hfy mngy|sfy yfo hfy ûoaify ifo gh lgsgijf n lgialas ya wo nhwmof gy|îrsgrnsnlf f of rnsn n`sfo|ns wo oapgh mnqfs f lgialas ya gy|îo hay|fy rnsn ygssgyrfoynchgy lg ynhas n enonsyg hn paln ifo yw rsfraf ywlfs |goagolf goiamn ghrgyf lg ygs wo rsf`gyafonh/

\flf gy|f ifopags|g n hfy mngy|sfy go hn rns|g rsamfslanh lg hn glwiniaùo q ragoyf~wg rfs gy|n sn{ùo yg lgcgsíno |gogs mîy go iwgo|n ywy rg|aiafogy go iwgy|aùo lgglwiniaùo go owgy|sf rníy( rnsn nyí hhgens n ygs won oniaùo ‗esnolg‐ ifmf hf laiggh egogsnh Cfhípns go yw `snyg/

HGQGY LG HN GLWINIAÙO GO IFHFMCAN;

Lgcalf n owgy|sfy nasgy lg ‗inra|nhay|ny‐ of gy|nmfy sg`fsmnolf lgyniwgslf nowgy|sn gifofmín q owgy|sf gy|nlf( hhgpîolfofy n wo rwo|f lg gy|noinmago|f(rfs~wg rgoynmfy ~wg owgy|sf oapgh lg glwiniaùo gy gh ifssgi|f/ Rgsf of gy nyírfs~wg lgcgmfy cwyins( gy gh iùmf ygewas isgiagolf of gh ~wglnsofy go womfmgo|f q papas lg wofy rfify/

Rfs f|sn rns|g go hn ifoy|a|wiaùo lgh ‗:0‐ sg`fsmnln rfs owgy|sf csahhno|g rsgyalgo|g‗Igyns Enpasan‐ lnolf nyí rnyf n hn ifoy|a|wiaùo lgh ‗1>‐/Ifoynesnolf ifo gy|fifmf hn glwiniaùo gy wo lgsgijf `wolnmgo|nh rnsn |flfy hfy ifhfmcanofy/

Jniagolf inyf lg hf ~wg laig hn ‗hgq >>7 lg >11<‐( go hn iwnh yg gzralagsfo laijfyln|fy( yg yfy|agog ~wg hn glwiniaùo( sgifofiagolf hfy lgsgijfy jwmnofynigr|nlfy go |flf gh mwolf( egogsnsî laijn glwiniaùo lgmfisî|ain cnyîolfyggo hfy rsgigr|fy lg gy|fy lgsgijfy/ Nlgmîy lg gy|f yfy|agog ~wg yao hfyrnsîmg|sfy rsgpanmgo|g ifo|gmrhnlfy( gy amrfyachg sgisgns wo gy|nlf lglgsgijf kwo|f ifo won yfiaglnl lgmfisî|ain( yagolf ~wg go gy|n yg |goen woniigyf sgnh n hn glwiniaùo( nh yncgs iago|íàif( |giofhùeaif( ns|íy|aif q rfhí|aif( noapgh lg hn yfiaglnl q ifmf rsfrùya|f lg Gy|nlf/

Nlgmîy hn hgq cwyin nàno{ns mny hf ifofiamago|f go hny g|oany aolíegony ifo hn

isgniaùo lg gyiwghny go hny pgsglny q lapgsyfy rwo|fy lgh rníy( rgsf gy|fygy`wgs{fy yfo gyinyfy ya rnsn gy|ny yfiaglnlgy of yfo ywàiago|gy/ rfs hf ~wg gogy|fy inyfy ywy aoesgyfy yfo mwq rfify rfs gy|f yg amrhno|f hn glwiniaùo ifmfesn|wa|n rgsf gy|f |sng ifoyaef rsfchgmny ifmf ~wg rnsn gy|ny gyiwghny yfojncaha|nlfy rfify rsf`gyfsgy lg mn|gsany cîyainy q hn glwiniaùo lg cnijahhgsn|f¶q hn glwiniaùo ywrgsafs6 ¶^wá rnyn ifo gy|g rsfchgmn6 ya hn glwiniaùo gyesn|wa|n ygsan jny|n ynhas lg hn woapgsyalnl/



Rgsf n jfsn hn glwiniaùo esn|wa|n lg hn iwnh gy|î ifo|gmrhnln go hn ‗ifoy|a|wiaùolgh 1>‐ yfhf gy jny|n >2 q lg sgy|f nq ~wg rnens( rfs `npfs nihnsgo q of laeno ~wggy|îo jniagolf mgen ifo|sacwiafogy ifo n hn glwiniaùo go Ifhfmcan iwnolf hfûoaif ~wg hgy ao|gsgyn gy hn ewgssn q gh rflgs iwgy|g hf ~wg iwgy|g/

Gy nyí ifmf rflgmfy go|golgs iùmf gy|î hn glwiniaùo go owgy|sf rníy q ifmfgy|îo rfoagolf go rsîi|ain |flf n~wghhf ~wg ao|go|f amrhno|ns ifo gy|n `snygowgy|sf ‗egogsnh Yamùo Cfhípns‐

^wg hny|amn ~wg |flfy hfy rsfqgi|fy lg hacgsniaùo g aolgrgolgoian lg owgy|sfrníy( yg jnhhn rgslalf yfhnmgo|g rfs of ygs nw|ùofmfy/ Rgsf gy|f of |agog ~wg ygsamrglamgo|f rnsn hfens isgigs ifmf hf laig Cfhípns q ifmf hf laig hn ifoy|a|wiaùolgh 1> csaolns glwiniaùo esn|wa|n n owgy|sn esno Ifhfmcan q lns f|sn frfs|woalnllg ynhas nlghno|g rfs owgy|sfy mglafy of rfs nqwlny lg f|sfy ifo yw insalnl/

IFOIHWYAFOGY

Rfs ûh|amf( q lgyrwáy lg |fln hn ifoywh|n |gùsain jgijn nh sgyrgi|f( ofy lamfyiwgo|n ~wg hn glwiniaùo( |nh iwnh hf laig hn Ifoy|a|wiaùo lg >11> lgcg ygs wolgsgijf `wolnmgo|nh( rfs hf ~wg of lgcg gy|ns ywkg|f n rfyacahalnlgy gifoùmainyoa hama|nlf ygeûo rnsîmg|sfy amrwgy|fy rfs rníygy |nhgy ifmf hfy inra|nhay|ny( ~wgyùhf cwyino gh cgog`aiaf rsfraf nrsfpgijîolfyg lg hn aeofsnoian lg hf ~wg ghhfyhhnmno ‗ywl lgynssfhhnlfy‐

\nmcaáo isgf ~wg hfy lfigo|gy lgcgo ygs mîy |goalfy go iwgo|n rfs gh rnrgh |noamrfs|no|g ~wg kwgeno go owgy|sn glwiniaùo/

Rfs f|sn rns|g gy|fq ygewsf ~wg gh ‗egogsnh Cfhípns‐ of ~wgsín wo gy|nlf inra|nhay|nrnsn efcgsons owgy|sf rníy yaof ~wg ~wgsín wo gy|nlf lfolg hn glwiniaùo `wgygesn|wa|n jny|n hn woapgsyalnl rnsn nyí nhino{ns hn esnolg{n nojghnln rfs wononiaùo/

@WGO\GY W\AHA[NLNY

sgpay|n jay|fsan lg hn glwiniaùo hn|aof nmgsainon ‗Cîscnsn Qnlasn EnsiínYîoijg{‐

uada rglín ‗ hn glwiniaùo go hn ifhfoan‐ No|foaf Rsnln Iniwn




AO\GESNO\GY;

PNHCWGON PNHINSIGH HACNSLF NOLSGY

RGSG[ YAGSSN KWNO INSHFY

@FOYGIN HGYMGY GLUNSL @GSONOLF

QFRNH ’INYNONSG

MNQF >1 LGH 32>2

RFOGOIAN GLWINIAFO Q \SNY@FSMNIAFO LG HN @NMAHAN Q HN

YFIAGLNL

YFIANHGY

RSF@GYFSN; NMGHAN SFKNY

IFFSLAONLFS; SNMASF YNSMAGO\F

CAIGO\GONSAF LG IFHFMCAN


AO\SFLWIIAFO

Rfs mglaf lg gy|n rfogoian( ~wgsgmfy gzrsgyns q lgyisacas lfy ifyny( ~wg hn`nmahan q hn yfiaglnl ao|gspagogo go hn glwiniaùo( q hn ygewoln( ~wg wof ifmf

gy|wlano|g( |agog ~wg hggs rnsn glwinsyg lg mnogsn ao|gesnh/

Rns|amfy( lgh ifoigr|f lg `nmahan( ifmf gh hwens lfolg yg nrsgolgo hfy pnhfsgy( q

lfolg yg lgcgo aoiwhins hfy rsaoiarafy lg won ‗glwiniaùo go hn hgi|wsn‐( go gh nmfs



n hn yncalwsín( rfs~wg hgqgolf wof nrsgolg( q nrsgolg n la`gsgoians hfy lgsgijfy(

hfy lgcgsgy q hny fchaeniafogy ~wg wof |agog ifmf gy|wlano|g( q ifmf magmcsf lg

hn yfiaglnl/

Owgy|sn rsfrwgy|n( |agog ifmf igo|sf( go|golgs ~wg go gh oûihgf `nmahans yg lgcggoygþns n rgoyns q ni|wns( |goagolf ifmf jgssnmago|n hn cwgon hgi|wsn4 rnsn nyí

hfesns won glwiniaùo ao|gesnh q mûh|arhg( hn iwnh |agog ifmf mayaùo |snoy`fsmns hn

`nmahan q hn yfiaglnl/

Rfs f|sf hnlf( ofy go`finmfy jnian gh gkg |gmî|aif lg hn glwiniaùo q hn

|snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn `nmahan q hn yfiaglnl( rnsn nonha{nshf jay|ùsainmgo|g( rnsn

lgyisacas ifmf jn yalf gh rsfigyf glwin|apf go gy|fy 322 nþfy4 rgsf yagmrsg

|goagolf n hn hgi|wsn ifmf hn cnyg lgh noîhayay( q ifmf ào lg hn rsfrwgy|n/

Rsg|golgmfy |nmcaáo( algo|aàins rfs~wg n hn kwpgo|wl of hg ewy|n hggs qn ygn rfs

hn rgsg{n( rfs ni|apalnlgy gz|sniwssaiwhnsgy f rfs gh kwgef4 q nrsgolgs rfs~wg hfy

nmno|gy lg hn hgi|wsn( goiwgo|sno mwolfy la`gsgo|gy ~wg hfy ynino lg hny sw|aony4

goifo|snolf ifmf go gh rsfigyf jay|ùsaif-glwin|apf( hggs( mny ~wg won fchaeniaùo(

gy wo ‗lgcgs pfhwo|nsaf‐( rfs ~wg ya of |gogmfy hn layiarhaon lg hn hgi|wsn(

`sninynsgmfy4 ‗hggs gy hn ihnpg‐

RFOGOIAN

GLWINIAFO Q \SNOY@FSMNIAFO LG HN @NMAHAN Q LG HN

YFIAGLNL

Lgylg hfy esagefy hn glwiniaùo jn yalf gh rahns `wolnmgo|nh rnsn ~wg hn `nmahan q hn

yfiaglnl |goeno wo yfrfs|g go gh iwnh hhgpns yw gzay|goian/ Jnq wo |ásmaof rnsn hfyno|aewfy esagefy *Rnalgan! ~wg yaeoaàincn( hn cnyg lg glwiniaùo ~wg lf|ncn n hfy

aolapalwfy lg wo insîi|gs pgslnlgsnmgo|g jwmnof/ Glwins go hn Rnalgan gsn(

goygþns hn glwiniaùo ifmf hn payaùo mîy rgs`gi|n( goinmaonln n hn algn lgh cago/



Rnsn aoaians( jnenmfy wo rwgo|g go|sg glwiniaùo q hgi|wsn( ifmf `wgo|g rsamnsan

lg won glwiniaùo ao|gesnh/ Ifo|gz|wnha{nolf hn `snyg no|gsafs( no|gy lg jnchns lg

hn glwiniaùo go Ifhfmcan( pgnmfy ifmf jn yalf hn gpfhwiaùo lg hn hgi|wsn n oapgh

woapgsynh;

Go hn no|aeøglnl

Hfy rsamgsfy kgsfehí`aify `wgsfo laygþnlfy jnig 7222 nþfy( go inmcaf hfy

nh`ncg|fy `foá|aify mîy no|aewfy |agogo nhsglglfs lg 9722 nþfy/

Lwsno|g mwijf |agmrf gh hgi|fs of gsn lgh |flf hacsg go hn yghgiiaùo lgh mn|gsanh lg

hgi|wsn/ Jwcf igoywsny( ifmf hn lgh nþf >771 hn Ynesnln Ifoesgeniaùo lg hn

Ao~wayaiaùo lg hn Aehgyan In|ùhain Sfmnon( ~wg isgù gh Aolgz HacsfswmRsfjaca|fswm( iwqf rsfrùya|f gsn rsgpgoas nh hgi|fs ifo|sn hn hgi|wsn lg hny fcsny

aoihwalny go hn hay|n/

Árfin ifo|gmrfsîogn

Jfq go lín hn hgi|wsn gy gh rsaoiarnh mglaf rfs gh iwnh hn ego|g sgiacg ao`fsmniaùo

*nûo n |snpáy lg won rno|nhhn!( rgsf gy|f jn yalf nyí yùhf rfs hfy ûh|amfy >72 nþfy

nrsfzamnlnmgo|g/ Ynhpf ifo|nlny gzigriafogy( no|gy lg hn Sgpfhwiaùo aolwy|sanh hn ego|g nh`ncg|a{nln f hg|snln gsn wo rg~wgþf rfsigo|nkg lg hn rfchniaùo go

iwnh~wags oniaùo/

Hn hgi|wsn yg ifopas|aù go won ni|apalnl lg mwijny rgsyfony go gh yaehf ZPAAA/

Lwsno|g gh yaehf ZAZ( hn mnqfs rns|g lg hfy rníygy fiialgo|nhgy rsfiwsù hn

nh`ncg|a{niaùo lg yw rfchniaùo/

Go Ifhfmcan( hfy hacsfy gmrg{nsfo n hhgens ifo hfy Gyrnþfhgy( ~wa{îy( yagolf gy|fwon lg hny ifyny sgyin|nchgy lg hn Ifhfoan q hn aolgrgolgoian/ Rnsn hn árfin lg hn

aolgrgolgoian hfy ygþfsgy No|foaf Onsaþf q Inmahf \fssgy jfmcsgy iwh|fy g

ao~wag|fy hgi|fsgy lg hfy hacsfy ~wg mnolncno |sngs lgylg Gwsfrn( pagsfo

ogigynsaf ~wg Ifhfmcan nrsgolagsn iwnhgy gsno hfy lgsgijfy lgh jfmcsg q lgh

iawlnlnof4 Lgsgijfy ~wg rnsn gyn árfin `wgsfo sglni|nlfy rfs hfy

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goiaihfrglay|ny `snoigygy4 gy|fy ygþfsgy hwijnsfo rfs |snoy`fsmns hn iwh|wsn q hn

glwiniaùo4 nhef ~wg n~wí go Ifhfmcan( yg aoaiaf go hn aolgrgolgoian( ifo hn

hhnmnln sgpfhwiaùo ‗lgmfisî|ain‐/

Ygeûo gh jay|fsanlfs Kfyá @gsonolf Finmrf gzay|aù wo nyigoyf lgh inra|nhaymf(lfolg hfy ygi|fsgy mny npno{nlfy algfhùeain( rfhí|ain q gifoùmainmgo|g |goíno

ihnsf iwnhgy gsno hfy fckg|apfy lg hn sgpfhwiaùo ~wg lgcín amrhno|ns go Ifhfmcan gh

inra|nhaymf/

Go *>55<! yg isgf gh rhno glwin|apf lg Mfsgof q Gyinolùo( q go >:30 @snoiayif

lg Rnwhn Yno|nolgs amrwhyf won sg`fsmn glwin|apn4 Hn iwnh |wpf ifmf fckg|apf

cîyaif ao|gesns hn glwiniaùo n hny ogigyalnlgy lgh lgynssfhhf gifoùmaif( yagolf gh

fckg|apf lgh rhno gh lg gy|amwhns gh oapgh ninlámaif q gh ifofiamago|f iago|í`aif/Rgsf hn newla{niaùo lg ifo`hai|fy rfhí|aify q gh nlpgoamago|f lg hn lai|nlwsn lg

Yamùo Cfhípns hhgpnsfo n hn iníln lg gy|g rhno/

Go|sg gh yaehf ZAZ q gh yaehf ZZ hn glwiniaùo go Ifhfmcan jn yalf ao`hwgoianln rfs

gh rflgs gifoùmaif lg hn aehgyan q yw lfmaoaf algfhùeaif yfcsg hn rfchniaùo4 gy

mîy hny hwijny go|sg ifoygspnlfsgy q hacgsnhgy( jno jgijf ~wg hn glwiniaùo yg

lg|gsafsg egogsnolf wo sg|sfigyf go gh rníy/

Go gh yaehf ZZ hny ewgssny iapahgy( hn isayay yfianh q hn pafhgoian rfhí|ain( n`gi|nsfo gh

mflghf glwin|apf go Ifhfmcan4 ygeûo Sgoâo Pgen Ino|fs q Glwnslf Sflsíewg{

Swa{ go yw hacsf gifofmín q pafhgoian; ‘Gh rsfigyf lg lgynssfhhf inra|nh papalf go gh

rníy lgylg mglanlfy lg hn láinln lgh <2( yg gzrsgyf go gh rhnof rfhí|aif go hn

ifoyfhalniaùo lg wo nw|fsa|nsaymf sgrsgygo|n|apf q gzihwqgo|g( Hn pafhgoian yg

rsflwig rnsnhghnmgo|g ifo won sgiwssgo|g isayay rfhí|ain‘

HN HGI\WSN IFMF PGJAIWHF LG \SNOY@FSMNIAFO LG HN @NMAHAN Q

LG HN YFIAGLNL

Lgyrwáy lg hn rns|g jay|ùsain( pnqnmfy n hf ~wg rsfrfogmfy( hn glwiniaùo( hn iwnh

|agog ifmf jgssnmago|n rsaoiarnh hn hgi|wsn4 ya of yg |agog hn hgi|wsn ifmf wo jîca|f



lg paln q ifmf wo jîca|f yfianh( gy mwq la`íiah ~wg won `nmahan q won yfiaglnl

|snyiagoln go ywy pnhfsgy q go ywy yncgsgy/

Go wo goynqf( ~wg goifo|snmfy go ao|gsog|( |a|whnlf GLWINIAÓO Q YFIAGLNL(

yg jnig gh yaewago|g rhno|gnmago|f; ‘ Hny aoy|a|wiafogy glwin|apny yg lgynssfhhnsfo ifmf won `fsmn yay|gmî|ain lg rsfrfsiafons hf ~wg of rflín nrsgolgsyg

`îiahmgo|g lgo|sf lg hn `nmahan( ifmrhgmgo|nolf hn glwiniaùo `fsmnh g ao|gesnh lgh

aolapalwf/ Lgcgmfy sgifslns ~wg hn `nmahan yg ifmrneaon rnsn hn `fsmniaùo

ao|gesnh lgh go|g yfianh4 yagolf go hn `nmahan lfolg ofsmnhmgo|g wo aolapalwf

nrsgolg n ifo`ans go yw go|fsof `nmahans gh iwnh hg rsfrfsiafon ygewsalnl( nmfs(

sgyrnhlf gifoùmaif q gy|ncahalnl gmfiafonh( yagolf gy|f yagmrsg sg`fs{nlf rfs hn

glwiniaùo/”

Ao|gsgyno|g ifmgo|nsaf( rnsn rhno|gns ~wg hn hgi|wsn lg hacsfy( pagog lgylg hn inyn(

lgylg hn `nmahan( q ~wg gy gh Ifhgeaf( gh hwens ~wg ifmrhgmgo|n hn glwiniaùo( hn

hgi|wsn/

Won hgi|wsn cago go`finln jnig ~wg gh ao|gsáy rfs hn aopgy|aeniaùo( ygn inln pg{

mîy esnolg/ Ygeûo gh mngy|sf Gy|noayhnf [whg|n( hn hgi|wsn sg~wagsg lg

ao|gsrsg|niaùo q |sncnkf( of jnq |gz|fy `îiahgy( ofy laig( of cwy~wgo `niahalnl rfs

oaoewon rns|g( of jnq nw|fsgy `îiahgy( hf ~wg jnq yfo hgi|fsgy `îiahgy( ~wg hggo ifo

`niahalnl rfs ~wg of yncgo ~wg gy|îo go|golagolf( rfs gyf hgy rnsgig mny

ygoiahhf/ Hfy hgi|fsgy `îiahgy( of hfy ~wgsgmfy rnsn owgy|sn Aoy|a|wiaùo( ofyf|sfy

ogigya|nmfy( hgi|fsgy( inrnigy lg rsflwias mîy hacsfy( mîy |gz|fy/

Ifmf gy|wlano|gy lg cnijahhgsn|f lgh Ifhgeaf Csnwhaf Efo{îhg{( lgcgmfy

goifo|sns gh pgslnlgsf ygo|alf lg hn hgi|wsn( n~wgh ~wg gy|n ao|gsgynlf go

nrsgolgs q yncgs mny( rfs gkgmrhf yncgs nigsin lgh caigo|gonsaf( lgcg go`finsyg

go won hgi|wsn lg insîi|gs ao|gsrsg|n|apf( goifo|snolf go hny noáilf|ny jay|ùsainy(go hny isùoainy q go hny ofpghny won gyrgiag lg sgisgniaùo( lg lgyrgs|ns lg hn

amneaoniaùo q lg enony lg ifofigs mny ~wg `wg ~wg gy q ~wg ygsî lg Ifhfmcan/

Nyí( go|sg mny ghgmgo|fy iwh|wsnhgy( nl~wagsn won `nmahan rfs mglaf lg won

hgi|wsn( pn n |gogs mny inra|nh iwh|wsnh q mny inra|nh yfianh4 hf iwnh yao lwln nhewon

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`wgsn lg gosa~wgigs gh gyrniaf if|alanof q lg egogsns mîy q mgkfsgy nmaefy4

|nmcaáo nisgigo|n gh inra|nh gifoùmaif( mwq amrfs|no|g rnsn owgy|sf `w|wsf/

Rfs f|sf hnlf( hn Ifoy|a|wiaùo Rfhí|ain lg Ifhfmcan( go gh ns|aiwhf <<( rhno|gn hn

glwiniaùo ifmf wo lgsgijf `wolnmgo|nh lg hfy oaþfy q go gh ns|aiwhf 05 hnglwiniaùo gy wo lgsgijf lg hn rgsyfon q wo ygspaiaf rwchaif ~wg |agog won `woiaùo

yfianh4 ifo ghhn yg cwyin gh niigyf nh ifofiamago|f( n hn iagoian( n hn |áioain q n

hfy lgmîy cagogy q pnhfsgy lg hn iwh|wsn/

Pagolf( hf ~wg yg gyisacg go hn Ifoy|a|wiaùo( ofy lnmfy iwgo|n lg hn gpfhwiaùo( lg

hn |snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn `nmahan q lg hn yfiaglnl/ Go won aopgy|aeniaùo( yfcsg hn

gpfhwiaùo q hn inhalnl lg hn glwiniaùo go Ifhfmcan( sgnha{nln rfs hn Woapgsyalnl

Hacsg lg Ifhfmcan( hfy aopgy|aenlfsgy( rhno|gno hf yaewago|g;

‘Hn glwiniaùo( ifmf lgsgijf `wolnmgo|nh( gy|n nrfqnln go hn Ifoy|a|wiaùo

Rfhí|ain rsfmwhenln go gh nþf lg >11> go owgy|sf rníy( ~wg ifoy|a|wqg wo esno

npnoig go mn|gsan lg lgsgijfy jwmnofy lg insîi|gs rgsyfonh q yfianh( lnlf ~wg

go ghhn yg gy|nchgigo q ifoisg|no hfy Lgsgijfy Jwmnofy Woapgsynhgy

rsgigr|wnlfy lgylg hn árfin lg hn Ifhfoan nyí ifmf n~wghhfy ~wg jno pgoalf

sgifofiagolf n |snpáy lgh rnyf lgh |agmrf/” Lgo|sf lg gy|fy lgsgijfy yg

goiwgo|sn rfs fcpany sn{fogy( gh lgsgijf n hn glwiniaùo( |snlwiaáolfyg gy|g

lgsgijf go wo niigyf nh ifofiamago|f( n hn iagoiany( n hn |áioain q n hfy lgmîy

cagogy lg hn iwh|wsn4 inrnia|niaùo rnsn gh mgkfs lgygmrgþf lg hny `woiafogy4

goygþno{n gyrgianhmgo|g hn esn|wa|n ifo nyg~wacahalnl n hny ihnygy mgofy

`npfsgialny4 q( fsenoa{niaùo lg ni|apalnlgy rnsn gssnlains gh nonh`ncg|aymf”/

Pgmfy( ifmf gy |snyigolgo|nh( gh inmcaf yfianh ~wg yg jn lnlf lgylg hn

rsfmwheniaùo lg hn owgpn ifoy|a|wiaùo( n g`gi|fy lg |gogs go iwgo|n( ~wg won

yfiaglnl yao glwiniaùo( gy ifmf won cnsif yao |amfogh( ifmf won pgo|ayin lg

aopagsof( ~wg |flf hf mwgpg aolayisamaonlnmgo|g4 rgsf ~wg ifoygspn nhef mwq

amrfs|no|g( gh ifoigr|f lg `nmahan( ifmf cnyg lg |flf/ Ygeûo hn Lgihnsniaùo

Woapgsynh lg hfy Lgsgijfy Jwmnofy( hn `nmahan( gy gh ghgmgo|f on|wsnh q

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`wolnmgo|nh lg hn yfiaglnl q |agog lgsgijf n hn rsf|giiaùo lg hn yfiaglnl q lgh

Gy|nlf/

Gy|f gzrhain rfs~wg hny |snoy`fsmniafogy lg hn yfiaglnl( lnlny rfs `goùmgofy(

ifmf hn ehfcnha{niaùo( gh ao|gsog|( hny owgpny |giofhfeíny( jnigo ~wg hn `nmahanifmf aoy|a|wiaùo( |nmcaáo |goen inmcafy ya cago of gz|sgmfy( ya lgàoa|apfy rnsn gh

`goùmgof glwin|apf/ Jfq go lín( hn ao`fsmniaùo( ~wg rwgln |gogs q nrsgolgs wo

Gwsfrgf( wo Ijaof f wo Jaolû4 |nmcaáo rwglg ygs nrsgolaln aoy|no|îognmgo|g

rfs won Hn|aof( rfs wo Ifhfmcanof( esniany nh `goùmgof lg hn Ao|gsog|( ygeûo wo

ifmgo|nsaf lg Uada rglín; ‘Lgyl g won rgsyrgi|apn iwh|wsnh lgh ifofiamago|f(

Ao|gsog| jn yalf won pgo|nkn q won sgyrfoyncahalnl/ Rnsn hn ego|g ~wg gy|î

ao|gsgynln go f|sny iwh|wsny( hn sgl lg sglgy rsfrfsiafon won ino|alnl yaeoaàin|apn lg ao`fsmniaùo q lg won ao|gsni|apalnl ~wg ygsín aonyg~wachg lg f|sn mnogsn/

Ao|gsog| go|sù ifmf won jgssnmago|n lg ehfcnha{niaùo( rfoagolf ào nh nayhnmago|f

lg iwh|wsny/ Lgcalf n yw sîraln mnyaàiniaùo g aoifsrfsniaùo go hn paln lgh ygs

jwmnof( gh gyrniaf pas|wnh gy ni|wnha{nlf ifoy|no|gmgo|g lg ao`fsmniaùo(

àlglaeon f assghgpno|g/”

Nyí hny ifyny( hn |snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn `nmahan q lg hn yfiaglnl( rfs mglafy ifmf gh

~wg nincnmfy lg ia|ns( yfo pa|nhgy rnsn hn |snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn glwiniaùo/

Njfsn cago( of gy ~wg |flf yg ifopags|n go cnkns lg hn sgl( gy|n gy won

jgssnmago|n4 hf amrfs|no|g gy mno|gogs wo oapgh lg hgi|wsn nlgiwnlf( yao rgsg{ny(

yao layiwhrny/

HGI\WSN( RSF@WOLA[NIAFO Q RSFLWIIAFO LG IFOFIAMAGO\F

Ifmf jno yalf lfyiago|fy nþfy lg hn aolgrgolgoian( hn iwnh yao hwens n lwlny(

ncsaù hny rwgs|ny lgh ifofiamago|f rnsn owgy|sn yfiaglnl( ~wgsgmfy go`fins gy|n

ûh|amn rns|g lg hn rfogoian( n lgyisacas q mn|a{ns hn amrfs|noian lg hn hgi|wsn/



Qn jnchnmfy lg hn jay|fsan lg hn hgi|wsn n oapgh woapgsynh( go|golamfy wo rfif

yfcsg hn glwiniaùo q hn hgi|wsn go Ifhfmcan( lgylg hn aolgrgolgoian jny|n

owgy|sfy líny4 njfsn rnsn `aonha{ns ~wgsgmfy lns wony ifoihwyafogy q wony

mf|apniafogy rnsn ygs mgkfsgy hgi|fsgy( rnsn ygs mîy ifmrg|go|gy go gy|g

mwolf/

Yfmfy( jfogy|fy( go ~wg gy|n rfogoian( jn yalf won lgyisariaùo lg ifoigr|fy

lnlfy rfs jay|fsanlfsgy q rfs aopgy|aenlfsgy lg hn glwiniaùo q hn hgi|wsn4 sn{ùo

rfs hn iwnh( yfo amrfs|no|gy lapgsyfy ifoigr|fy yfcsg gh ns|g lg hggs/ Ygeûo Kwno

Lfmaoef Nsewghhgy; ‘Hn hgi|wsn gy gh rsfigyf lg hn sgiwrgsniaùo q nrsgjgoyaùo lg

nheûo |arf lg ao`fsmniaùo f algny nhmnigonlny go wo yfrfs|g q |snoyma|alny

mglano|g nheûo |arf lg iùlaef( wywnhmgo|g wo hgoewnkg( ~wg rwglg ygs paywnh f |îi|ah *rfs gkgmrhf( gh yay|gmn Csnahhg!/ Hggs gy |nmcaáo( ao|gsni|wns ifo wo |gz|f(

rnsn goifo|sns go gh mwolfy lapgsyfy( mwolfy lg goygþno{n/

Rgsf ifmf amrhgmgo|ns( hn hgi|wsn go ofyf|sfy( ifmf rsf`wola{ns q rsflwias

ifofiamago|f4 ifmf ynhas lg gyn lgyalan q rgsg{n ~wg ofy rsflwigo hfy hacsfy4 hn

sgyrwgy|n( hn pnmfy n lns nyí( egogsnolf won rsfrwgy|n( wony ifoihwyafogy q

wony gy|sn|geany ~wg ~wgsgmfy ~wg yg mnogkg go owgy|sf Ifhgeaf Csnwhaf

Efo{îhg{( go gh Lgrns|nmgo|f q go gh Rníy/

Hn rsfrwgy|n( gy; Goifo|sns ifmf n |snpáy lg hfy |agmrfy *go gyrgianh( go hfy

ûh|amfy lfyiago|fy nþfy( jn gpfhwiafonlf hn hgi|wsn ifmf wo yay|gmn egogsnlfs

lg rsflwi|apalnl go hn ninlgman *gyiwghn( ifhgeaf q woapgsyalnl!/ Ifmf go gy|fy

|agmrfy hn kwpgo|wl( ifo gh `goùmgof lg hn ehfcnha{niaùo( |agolg n goifo|sns f|sny

`fsmny lg lapgsyaùo *kwgefy( gz cfz( lgrfs|gy gz|sgmfy!( lgknolf hn hgi|wsn ifmf

ûh|amn nh|gson|apn( f mgkfs ifmf hf fchaenlf4 rfs gy|fy mf|apfy hggs yg lgcgifopgs|as go won fchaeniaùo( won layiarhaon( rnsn ygs mgkfsgy( mny ifmrg|go|gy(

cwgofy gy|wlano|gy( aopgy|aenlfsgy( go nsny lg hfesns ygs wofy gzighgo|gy

rsf`gyafonhgy/

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Hny ifoihwyafogy( ~wg yninmfy yfo;

>/- Hn hgi|wsn gy hn jgssnmago|n gygoianh lg hn iwh|wsn mflgson/ Rnsn ~wg

Inynonsg q gh rníy nhinoigo hfy oapghgy ~wg yg sg~wagsgo rnsn mgkfsns hn

`fsmniaùo iwh|wsnh q rsf`gyafonh lg yw rfchniaùo( `nh|n mwijf/ Q n~wí hn ya|wniaùogy rn|á|ain( rfs~wg of ifo|nmfy ifo won cachaf|gin Rûchain nlgiwnln4 q gyf ~wg

ifo|nmfy ifo hny sgenhíny lgh rg|sùhgf( laogsf( ~wg yg aopags|g go f|sny ifyny( yao

rgoyns( ~wg owgy|sn iawlnl q owgy|sf Lgrns|nmgo|f( yg mgsgigo won ‗Cachaf|gin

Rûchain lg inhalnl( rnsn |gogs wofy gy|wlano|gy q wofy iawlnlnofy ifo mîy

inhalnl( mîy ifmrg|go|gy/

3/- Hn hgi|wsn of lgcg jnigs lg owgy|sn paln `nmahans( nhef ncwssalf( wo cwgo hacsf(

rwglg jnigsofy rnyns wo sn|f nmgof q lapgs|alf( sn{ùo rfs hn iwnh( owgy|sn

rfogoian( yg igo|sf go hn ao`hwgoian glwin|apn lg hn `nmahan( q yw amrfs|noian rnsn

gh lgynssfhhf lg ofyf|sfy hfy kùpgogy( iwnolf ofy go`sgo|nmfy n hn paln

ninlámain q n hn paln if|alanon/

9/- Lgylg gh yaehf ZAZ q jny|n jfq yg jno gyisa|f go Ifhfmcan lapgsyfy hacsfy q

|gz|fy4 ya hfy rwlaásnmfy hggs gyinhfonlnmgo|g( f mgkfs ya |wpaásnmfy hn hgi|wsn

ifmf jnca|f lg paln( q jîca|f yfianh4 hfesnsínmfy goifo|snsofy ifo won ygsag lg

yncgsgy ao|gsgyno|gy *jay|fsany( noáilf|ny( rgsyfonkgy pnsafrao|fy( isùoainy g|i/!/

Goifo|snolf( go hfy hacsfy wo sfmrgincg{ny lg owgy|sn jay|fsan/

Rfs ûh|amf( pgnmfy ofy lamfy n hn |nsgn lg goifo|sns gy|sn|geany rnsn owgy|sn

rfogoian( q hny goifo|snmfy go gh gyisa|f; ‘Ifmf Amrhgmgo|ns Hn Hgi|wsn go

Ifhfmcan6‐/ Iwqn nw|fsn gy Oglq Ifoy|no{n Cgsmûlg{ Swa{4 lg nhhí( ofy rnsgiaù

amrfs|no|g sgyin|ns hf yaewago|g;

>/- Yg lgcg rns|as lg hn `fsmwhniaùo lg won rfhí|ain oniafonh lg hgi|wsn( lfolg yg

pnhfsg hn hgi|wsn( q lfolg yg go|agoln ~wg; ‗gy rsgiayf ~wg hfy rwgchfy ygno

ifoiago|gy lg ~wg gh lfmaoaf lg hn hgi|wsn q lg hn ao`fsmniaùo rsfrfsiafon hfy

aoy|swmgo|fy ogigynsafy rnsn nhino{ns gh lgynssfhhf gifoùmaif q `npfsgig hn

|snoy`fsmniaùo lg hn yfiaglnl‐/



3/- Lgcg egogsnsyg hn rfyacahalnl lg |gogs wo niigyf hacsg q esn|wa|f n hn hgi|wsn q

n hn ao`fsmniaùo/

9/- Hn hgi|wsn gmrag{n go hn rsamgsn ao`noian( gy|f gy ~wg hn hgi|wsn gmrag{n

|nmcaáo lgylg no|gy lg onigs4 nyí won pg{ gh oaþf hhgen nh mwolf( hfy rg~wgþfylgcgo goifo|sns wo woapgsyf go|gsf rfs lgyiwcsas go hfy hacsfy q sîralnmgo|g hfy

ifofigo ifmf fckg|fy la`gsgo|gy lg hfy lgmîy4 n rns|as lg gyg mfmgo|f yg

goifo|snsno ifo hny jay|fsany q hfy mwolfy rfyachgy isgnlfy rfs gh |gz|f gyisa|f/

<- @fsmns HGI\FSGY RNSN GH @W\WSF; Hn aopgy|aeniaùo jn lgmfy|snlf ~wg gh

jfens( hn gyiwghn q hn cachaf|gin yfo aoy|a|wiafogy cîyainy go hn rsfmfiaùo lg

hgi|wsn/ Gy|f yagmrsg q iwnolf( hfy mngy|sfy( ygno cwgofy hgi|fsgy( q ~wg hfy

hacsfy gy|áo nh nhinoig lg |flfy

7/- Nlgmîy lg hn hgi|wsn aolapalwnh( hacsg q yahgoiafyn( go hfy ifhgeafy( yg lgcgo

isgns ihwcgy lg hgi|fsgy( q lgylg nhhí goygþns( ~wg wo hgi|fs of rwglg |gogs

pniniafogy/ Q ~wg gh goiwgo|sf lgh gy|wlano|g ifo hny rnhncsny( yg lgcg as

ifopas|agolf rnwhn|aonmgo|g( go hn paln if|alanon( go ~wg yw rsflwiiaùo rwgln ygs

hgíln rfs f|sfy/

ESNIANY/

@WGO\GY Q CACHAFESN@AN IFOYWH\NLN

IFOY\A\WIAFO RFHA\AIN LG IFHFMCAN/ Cfef|î Hgqgs/32>2/ FINMRF( Kfyá @gsonolf/ Ifhfmcan Yaehf ZZ/ Cfef|î/ \gsigs

Mwolf/>1:3/ PGEN INO\FS( Sgono q SFLSAEWG[ SWA[/ Jgsonolf/ Gifofmín q

Pafhgoian/ Cfef|î/ Woapgsyalnl Lay|sa|nh/>112/ [WHG\N( Gy|noayhnf/ Goynqfy Yghgi|fy/ Mglghhío( Ygisg|nsín lg Glwiniaùo

q Iwh|wsn/ 322</ GOIAIHFRGLAN PAS\WNH UADARGLAN/ j||r;&&uuu/yhalgyjnsg/og|&noegcgh|sno&ifmf-amrhgmgo|ns-hn-hgi|wsn-

go-ifhfmcan j||r;&&uuu/mfofesn`any/ifm&|sncnkfy>>&`nmglw&`nmglw/yj|mh

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