cuali labo 9 - aniones.docx

7/25/2019 cuali labo 9 - aniones.docx

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA QUMICA Y TEXTILDepartamento Aad!m"o de In#en"er$a Q%$m"a

&MARC'A ANLITICA DE SEPARACION DE ANIONES DEL ()*+) Y ,) GRUPO -

INTEGRANTES. Bendez Mimbela, Miluska PamelaHuayta Loroa, Nohemi Yetsy

Mamani Fuentes Rivera, Lesly Rubi

Reyes illar, !iroshi Roberth

DOCENTES. "n#$ %aime Flores Ramos"n#$ Bertha &ardenas ar#as

L"M' ( P)R*

+-.


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nd"e #enera/

Portada$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$-

/ndi0e #eneral$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+

ndice de tablas$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+

ndice de figuras$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ +

Objetivos$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+

Fundamento terico$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$1

1. Observaciones$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1

2. Reacciones qumicas$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

4. Conclusiones$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.!licaciones en la industria$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3

Bibliografa$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3

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MARCHA ANALITICA DE SEARACI!N DE ANI!NES DEL "#$ %# & '# (R)!

!b*eti+os *e!aras aniones e identificar a los aniones del segundo+ tercero , cuarto gru!o

,unda-ento te.rico-a !rinci!al caracterstica de la se!aracin de cationes+ se basa en la identificacin de!ro!iedades comunes+ de distintas sustancias+ como !ueden ser un determinado color o undeterminado !reci!itado frente a cierto reactivo.

-a !ro!iedad detectada se denomina es!ecfica si la !resenta un solo gru!o qumico+ , sedenomina general si la !resentan varios gru!os qumicos+ siendo dica !ro!iedad selectiva si la!resenta un gru!o m/s limitado de ellos.

(ru/o II

quellos cationes cu,os sulfuros son insolubles en /cidos diluidos.

Cd"0$ Cu"0$ b"0$ Hg"0$ Bi0%$ Sn"0$ Sn'0$ As0%$As10$ Sb%0+Sb10

(ru/o III

0nclu,e los cationes que !reci!itan idridos o sulfuros con el 2*en medio b/sico.

,e"0$ Mn"0$ 2n"0$ Co"0$ Cr%0$ Ni"0$ Al%0

(ru/o I3

Constituido !or los cationes que !reci!itan con el 3#42CO&.

Ca"0$ Sr"0$ Ba"0

(ru/o 3

0ntegra aquellos cationes que no !reci!itan !or los reactivos anteriores en esas condiciones5

NH'0$ Na0$ 40$ Rb0$ Cs0$ Li0


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56 !bser+aciones

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- 29 :R;7O

-a solucin muestra era de color amarilla al agregarle ca.

-a solucin se dividi en dos !artes+ a una de ellas se agreg Fe*O4 form/ndose un!reci!itado a>ul verdoso intenso+ a la segunda !orcin se le agrego FeCl& form/ndoseun !reci!itado a?n m/s intenso que la !rimera.

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- &9 :R;7O

la solucin incolora se le agrego g#O& form/ndose una mnima cantidad de

!reci!itado amarillo en forma de nube. la solucin Conforme se fue a=adiendo #O& (@ se evidencio la salida de un umo

blanco , formacin de !recitado blanco tambiAn. l !reci!itado de color oscuro se agreg 3#42* , se !as a ervir aclar/ndose as la

solucin evidenci/ndose el !reci!itado negro+ a la solucin. la solucin se a=adi


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"6 Reacciones 7u-icas

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- 29 :R;7O

se le adiciona /cido clordrico !ara generar la disociacin del ferrocianuro de >inc , el ferricianuro de>inc+ mientras que el sulfuro de >inc sufre una descom!osicin+ dando sulfuro de idrgeno gaseoso+as5

6ste gas evoluciona , reacciona en el !a!el de filtro que est/ umedecido con una solucin acuosa deacetato de !lomo

color negro5ra arte de la soluci.n

l agregar solucin acuosa de cloruro fArrico+ el ion ferrocianuro reacciona as5

>ul de 7rusia

"da arte de la soluci.n

l agregar solucin acuosa de sulfato ferroso+ el in ferricianuro reacciona as5

>ul de "urnbull

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- &9 :R;7O

l agregar a esta !reci!itado me>cla+ la solucin acuosa de idrido de amonio+ slo sedisuelve el cloruro de !lata+ as5

esta solucin acuosa se le adiciona /cido ntrico asta acide>


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6n donde el ,odo molecular al disolverse en el agua se torna de color te cargado , que !or laagitacin vigorosa con el tetracloruro de carbono+ la fase lquida que est/ al fondo+ se torna decolor !?r!ura

l continuar la adicin de agua de clorose !roduce lo siguiente5

6n donde el bromo molecular al disolverse en el agua se torna de color te cargado , que !or laagitacin vigorosa con el tetracloruro de carbono+ la fase lquida que est/ al fondo+ se torna decolor naranja.

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- 49 :R;7O

8eterminacin del in acetato 3C&COOB.

6l acetato de etilo es un Aster de olor agradable a frutas+ que caracteri>a al in acetato.

8eterminacin del in !ermanganato 3@nO4B.

l agregar el sulfato de fierro 300 e!taidratado+ Aste se disuelve dando iones ferrosos 3colorverdoso dAbil que con los

iones!ermanganatos reaccionanas5

-os iones manganosos en medio acuoso de dAbil color rosado+ mientras que los iones fArricosson de color amarillento en medio acuoso.

8eterminacin del in nitrato 3#O&B.


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color marrn

'6 Conclusiones

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- 29 :R;7O

l oscurecerse el !a!el filtro muestra la evidencia de a !resencia del anin de *2. -a formacin del !reci!itado a>ul evidencia que en la solucin se encuentra el

Fe3C#(4.

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- &9 :R;7O

-a formacin de un !reci!itado con la adicin de #O& evidencia la !resencia de Cl.

*67RC0O# 86 #0O#6* 86- 49 :R;7O

6l olor a fruta muestra la evidencia de la !resencia de acetato en la muestra+ -a formacin del !reci!itado amarillo evidencia la !resencia del !ermanganato. ;na interface de color marrn evidencia la !resencia del nitrato.

A/licaciones en la industria

Bibliografa

D.#. -6E606D. 31)'. Semimicroanlisis Qumico cualitativo+ 6ditorial @0R@O*C;+ R#6O 31)2 Qumica Analtica Cualitativa+ editorial @C:RG0---"0#O@6R0C#htt5677o08$usal$es70ien0ias9e:5erimentales7;uimi0a9analiti0a70ontenidos7&

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