Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

24
Caso clínico Reunión Servicio de Urgencia 03 de Junio 2011 Dra. Catalina Baeza R. Residente Medicina de Urgencia PUC

description

Caso clínico hipoglicemia

Transcript of Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Page 1: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Caso cliacutenico Reunioacuten Servicio de Urgencia

03 de Junio 2011

Dra Catalina Baeza R

Residente Medicina de Urgencia

PUC

Santiago de Chile Servicio de Urgencia

Traiacutedo por amigo de la juventud (meacutedico)

-ldquoEacutel ya no es el mismo de siemprehelliprdquo

GHR Masculino

72 antildeos PA 12275

FC 78 x rsquo FR 20 x rsquo Sat 98

Evaluacioacuten primaria

bull Paciente paacutelido decaiacutedo

A Responde preguntas

B FR 20xrsquo sat 100 MP conservado sin dificultad respiratoria

C Bien perfundido FC 78x PA 12275

U ----

D vigil y orientado inatento bradipsiacutequico labilidad emocional +++

HGT

43

Luego de las acciones correspondienteshellip

Evaluacioacuten primaria

Evaluacioacuten secundaria

- Hace 3 semanas CEG labilidad emocional irritabilidad

fluctuante

- Episodios de desorientacioacuten

- iquestCaiacutedas

Antecedentes

bull DM2 en tto metformina y glibenclamida en regular control

bull HTA

HIPOGLICEMIA

Por tu culpa

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 2: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Santiago de Chile Servicio de Urgencia

Traiacutedo por amigo de la juventud (meacutedico)

-ldquoEacutel ya no es el mismo de siemprehelliprdquo

GHR Masculino

72 antildeos PA 12275

FC 78 x rsquo FR 20 x rsquo Sat 98

Evaluacioacuten primaria

bull Paciente paacutelido decaiacutedo

A Responde preguntas

B FR 20xrsquo sat 100 MP conservado sin dificultad respiratoria

C Bien perfundido FC 78x PA 12275

U ----

D vigil y orientado inatento bradipsiacutequico labilidad emocional +++

HGT

43

Luego de las acciones correspondienteshellip

Evaluacioacuten primaria

Evaluacioacuten secundaria

- Hace 3 semanas CEG labilidad emocional irritabilidad

fluctuante

- Episodios de desorientacioacuten

- iquestCaiacutedas

Antecedentes

bull DM2 en tto metformina y glibenclamida en regular control

bull HTA

HIPOGLICEMIA

Por tu culpa

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 3: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Evaluacioacuten primaria

bull Paciente paacutelido decaiacutedo

A Responde preguntas

B FR 20xrsquo sat 100 MP conservado sin dificultad respiratoria

C Bien perfundido FC 78x PA 12275

U ----

D vigil y orientado inatento bradipsiacutequico labilidad emocional +++

HGT

43

Luego de las acciones correspondienteshellip

Evaluacioacuten primaria

Evaluacioacuten secundaria

- Hace 3 semanas CEG labilidad emocional irritabilidad

fluctuante

- Episodios de desorientacioacuten

- iquestCaiacutedas

Antecedentes

bull DM2 en tto metformina y glibenclamida en regular control

bull HTA

HIPOGLICEMIA

Por tu culpa

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 4: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

HGT

43

Luego de las acciones correspondienteshellip

Evaluacioacuten primaria

Evaluacioacuten secundaria

- Hace 3 semanas CEG labilidad emocional irritabilidad

fluctuante

- Episodios de desorientacioacuten

- iquestCaiacutedas

Antecedentes

bull DM2 en tto metformina y glibenclamida en regular control

bull HTA

HIPOGLICEMIA

Por tu culpa

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 5: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Luego de las acciones correspondienteshellip

Evaluacioacuten primaria

Evaluacioacuten secundaria

- Hace 3 semanas CEG labilidad emocional irritabilidad

fluctuante

- Episodios de desorientacioacuten

- iquestCaiacutedas

Antecedentes

bull DM2 en tto metformina y glibenclamida en regular control

bull HTA

HIPOGLICEMIA

Por tu culpa

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 6: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

HIPOGLICEMIA

Por tu culpa

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 7: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Por tu culpa

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 8: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Amputacioacuten de EEII o

Enf Vascular perifeacuterica fatal

UKPDS La reduccioacuten de un 1 en HbA1c reduce las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares

Porc

enta

je d

e r

educcioacute

n d

el riesgo r

ela

tivo

co

n u

n 1

d

e r

educcioacute

n d

e la H

bA

1c

ndash50

ndash45

ndash40

ndash35

ndash30

ndash25

ndash20

ndash15

ndash10

ndash5

0

21

P lt 00001

Todo endpoint

relacionado

a DM

21

P lt 00001

Muerte

relacinada

a DM

14

P lt 00001

Mortalidad

total

14

P lt 00001

Infarto al

Miocardio

12

P = 0035

AVE

43

P lt 00001

Enfermedad

Vascular

Perifeacuterica

37

P lt 00001

Enf

Micro-

vascular

19

P lt 00001

Cx

catarata

Adaptado de Stratton IM et al UKPDS 35 BMJ 2000 321405ndash412

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 9: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

HIPOGLICEMIA una mirada general

bull Complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM

bull Morbilidad y mortalidad significativas

bull Maacutes frecuente en DM1 control estricto (relativo)

- 2 a 4 episodios levessemana

- 30 crisis severa anual

bull Episodios recurrentes severos - Deterioro cognitivo y demencia

- Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Acute consequences of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients

S Halimi Diabetes amp Metabolism 36 (2010) S75ndash83

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 10: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Definicioacuten

Aunque por mucho tiempo

Concentracioacuten glucosa plasmaacutetica que provoca siacutentomas glucopenia en SNC le 45 le 55 le 60hellip

ADA 2005

Glicemia le 70 mgdl (39 nml)

American Diabets Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defi ning

and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes a report from the American

Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care

2005281245-9

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 11: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Glucopenia

Siacutentomas SNC bajo 50 mgdl Siacutentomas bull Confusioacuten bull Irritabilidad bull Descoordinacioacuten

Siacutentomas bull Palpitaciones bull Ansiedad bull Temblor bull Sudoracioacuten

Signos

bull Sopor

bull Coma

bull Convulsiones

Signos bull Taquicardia

bull Diaforesis

Siacutentomas adreneacutergicos Bajo 70 mgdl

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 12: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Fisiopatologiacutea

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 13: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Sin embargo

bull Neuropatiacutea SNA en DM larga data disminuye respuesta adreneacutergica

bull Nuevas evidenciashelliphellip

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 14: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Hipoglicemias inadvertidas

bull Peligrosa complicacioacuten DM insulino dependientes bull Exposicioacuten previa a bajas glicemias bull Disminucioacuten o ausencia de siacutentomas especiacuteficos previos a

neuroglucopenia bull Falla sistema contrarregulador especialmente respuesta adrenaliacutenica bull Hipoglicemia croacutenica lleva a aumento transportadores de glucosa en SNC

Prevencioacuten estricta de episodios de hipoglicemia restaura siacutentomas y

liberacioacuten adreneacutergica en DM IR recientes En DMID recuperacioacuten es incompleta

Hypoglycaemia unawareness BMJ 2011 Mar 8342d1474

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 15: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Manejo 1ordm Corregir glicemia

bull Despierto y cooperador hipoglicemia moderada glucosa viacutea oral

(vaso H2O + 2 cucharadas azuacutecar 12-15 gr HC)

bull Severa 25-75 g glucose (3 ampollas SG30 asymp 18 gr HC) ev

bull Si no hay VV Glucagoacuten 1-2 ampolla im Repetir c20 minutos Accioacuten 10-20 min

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 16: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Importancia de identificar causa (prevenir proacuteximo episodio)

- Aumento insulina

- Disminucioacuten uso glucosa

- Aumento utilizacioacuten glucosa

Sobredosis accidental Intencional Excrecioacuten disminuida (falla renal)

darrconsumo darr neoglucogenesis darr hormonas contrarreguladoras (cortisol glucagon epinefrina)

Ejercicio enfermedad

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 17: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

The utility of routine laboratory testing in hypoglycaemic emergency department patients

Emerg Med J 2009 Jan26(1)28-31 Sinert R Su M Zehtabchi S

Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York BACKGROUND bull Despueacutes de tratar hipoglicemia iquestcuaacuten profundo debe ser el work-up para prevenir un proacuteximo episdio OBJETIVO bull Determinar la utilidad del laboratorio de rutina en el manejo de hipoglicemia METODOS bull Estudio observacional en 2 hospitales universitarios 2006 bull 291 pacientes adultos(gt o = 18 antildeos) con hipoglicemia (HGTlt o = 60 mgdl (333 mmoll) en Servicio de Urgencia o

compromiso de conciencia que se resolvioacute con glucosa o glucagoacuten bull Outcomes ELP leucocitos funcioacuten renal sedimento de orina RESULTADOS bull 200 pacientes (69 95 CI 63 to 74) al menos un examen alterado Incluyeron nueva falla renal (23) falla

renal pre- existente (32) hipokalemia (8) hiperkalemia (11) leucocitosis (42) and piuria (19) bull No hubieron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de anormalidades de los pacientes con hipoglicemia por

insulina vs HGO bull Mayores admisiones (p = 0001) en pacientes con examenes anormales (70) vs normal (53) CONCLUSION bull La alta tasa de alteraciones del laboratorio justificariacutea realizacioacuten de examenes generales de rutina enc paciente

con hipoglicemia

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 18: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Conocer los medicamentos

- Sobredosis de HGO prolongadas y severas bull Sulfonilureas 24- 72 hrs bull Clorpropamida particularmente peligrosa bull Observar miacutenimo 24 horas maacutes si recurre bull Infusioacuten continua SG 10 - Beta bloqueo bull Asociacioacuten DM y enfermedad cardiovascular (uso de otros

faacutermacos) bull Beta bloqueo no selectivos pueden retrasar la recuperacioacuten

de la hipoglicemia y enmascarar los siacutentomas adreneacutergicos previos

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 19: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

iquestQuieacuten se queda

bull Hipoglicemia causada por sulfonilureas o insulinas de accioacuten prolongada (NPH Lantus)

bull Episodio moderado sin otra enfermedad con causa identificada

- Educacioacuten

- Evaluar tolerancia oral

- Control precoz

Disminuir dosis insulina 15-25 (prevencioacuten hipoglicemia inadvertida)

Diabetes Educ 2008 Jul-Aug34(4)683-91

Hospitalization and discharge education of emergency department patients with hypoglycemia

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 20: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

Volviendo al caso

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria HGT

bull Accioacuten inmediata SG30 3 ampollas ev

bull Reevaluacioacuten (DINAacuteMICA)

bull Evaluacioacuten secundaria Buscar causas

Prevencioacuten nuevo episodio hipoglicemia inadvertida

Hospitalizacioacuten para observacioacuten y manejo (glucosa en infusioacuten continua)

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 21: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

En resumen

bull Evaluacioacuten primaria compromiso de conciencia

bull Hipoglicemia complicacioacuten maacutes peligrosa de la DM (no exclusiva de eacutesta)

bull Prevenir hipoglicemia severa y recurrente

bull Todos los episodios de hipoglicemia tienen causa (aunque no la encontremos)

bull Objetivo prevenir proacuteximos episodios porque el proacuteximo puede ser letal

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 22: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

bull J Med Toxicol 2010 Jun6(2)199-206 bull Octreotides role in the management of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia bull Dougherty PP Klein-Schwartz W 1965 to 2008 using combinations of the terms octreotide

antidote sulfonylurea overdose poisoning and toxicity was performed References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources Animal studies case reports case series and randomized controlled trials were evaluated An animal model of sulfonylurea overdose demonstrates that octreotide reduces the

bull Source bull Maryland Poison Center University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA

pdougherrxumarylandedu bull Abstract bull The objective is to evaluate the evidence regarding octreotides efficacy as a treatment for

sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia A search of PubMed for articles published from number of refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemic episodes Published case reports describe the use of octreotide to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose A retrospective case series demonstrates that administration of octreotide decreases the need for supplemental dextrose boluses as well as hypoglycemic events Two prospective controlled trials determined that octreotide and supplemental dextrose increase blood glucose concentrations with fewer hypoglycemic events Based on animal and human data there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of octreotide with supplemental dextrose for the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required

Page 23: Caso Clínico Hipoglicemia Dra. Baeza

bull Emerg Med J 2006 Mar23(3)183-5 bull Emergency management of diabetes and hypoglycaemia bull Brackenridge A Wallbank H Lawrenson RA Russell-Jones D bull Source bull Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford Surrey UK bull Abstract bull OBJECTIVE bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality

This study looked at the use of the emergency services by people with diabetes with particular reference to hypoglycaemia

bull METHOD bull Data were collected on all attendances related to diabetes at accident and emergency departments at two district

general hospitals in Surrey UK over a one year period bull RESULTS bull Hypoglycaemia was the commonest reason for attendance at accident and emergency The management of

hypoglycaemia was variable the most frequent method of treatment being intramuscular glucagon administered by the ambulance service Ninety per cent of patients with hypoglycaemia were either discharged or self-discharged from the accident and emergency department and half of these patients had no follow up arranged

bull CONCLUSIONS bull Hypoglycaemia is the commonest diabetic emergency and current management is suboptimal Standardised

protocols and better education of healthcare professionals and patients are required