Cap 8 Soldadurass

7/25/2019 Cap 8 Soldadurass

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Definicion:Definicion:Un proceso de unen piezas de metal mediante calentado de sus

superficies a un estado plstico permitiendo que sus partes fluyan y se unan,con o sin un material de relleno.

Historia de las Soldaduras:Historia de las Soldaduras:

5500 B.C. Egyptiansrecognize forge welding for copper and gold.

800 A.D. Damascus Sword-ayers of metal forge welded to !ig! strengt!.

1877 A.D. Eli!u "!ompson, Electric resistance welding possi#ility

recognized.

1889 A.D. $. Stro!meyer introduced t!e concept of coated electrodes

%S!ielded &rc 'eld(, %S)&'(.

1903 A.D. *ouc!e + $icard introduced oyacetylene cutting and welding tec!niques.

1932 A.D. as )etal &rc 'elding %)&'(.

1990 A.D. 'elding &utomation %o#otics(.

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1 soldadura de arco electrico protegido - Shielded etal Arc

!eld "SA!#$a tecnica ms popular de soldado %stic3 welding(.

a proteccion del electrodo permite4

& 5 $roducir escudo gaseoso para ecluir el o6geno.

7 5 0ntroduce material que me8ora la calidad de la union.

/ 5 $roduce una capa de escoria para retardar el

enfriamiento y e9itar la oidaci:n.

El proceso S)&' es designado

por &'S como E;


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2 Su%&erged Arc !eld "SA!#$

Su#merged arc welding %S&'(

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3 'as etal Arc !eld "'A!#$

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( )lu* Arc !eld ")CA!#$

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?mm

0nner flu

'eld #ase metal%steel(


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A Juntas a Tope (Butt Joints):

B Juntas Traslapadas (Lap Joints):.

C Juntas en T (Tee Joints):

D Juntas de Esquina(Corner Joints):-

E untas de Borde(Ed!e oints):-

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A# Soldaduras a +ope $

Usado cuando miem#ros a ser soldados se alinean enel mismo plano. a soldadura tiene la misma resisrencia que

el material #ase %o a@n mayor(.

B# Soldaduras a )ilete$

Es la mas popular de lassoldaduras.Ao requieren alineaci:nespecial de las piezas, ni preparaci:nde los #ordes.

%a( roo9e weld.

%#( *illet weld.

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C# Soldadura de ,aura "Slot

!eld# $

D# Soldadura de uto "lug !eld# $

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&wB tew C&0S/ 2 .?.?a. $g ?;.?-FG

donde4

&wB &rea efecti9a de la soldadura.

teB Espesor garganta efecti9a.

wB ongitud de la soldadura.

H$ara soldaduras a tope de penetracion parcialver (tabla J 2.1 Pag. 16.1 -44)

H$ara el tamaIo minimo de soldaduras a tope de penetracion parcial

ver (tabla J 2.3 pag. 16.1-95).

t? t

t t

te B t?

te B t

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Se asume que las soldaduras a filete forman un triangulo rectangulo con un

angulo de JK, como se muestra a#a8o. El tamaIo de la soldaduta es el lado deltriangulo, y se denota como %w(. El plano de falla%la secci:n mas de#il( se daalrededor de la garganta de la soldadura, denotada como %t(L Donde %t B M.>M>

w(. a longitud de la soldadura %( es la longitud del plano de corte a lo largo de

la soldadura.

El area efecti9a de una soldadura de filete es4

&wB tewdonde,

&wB &rea efecti9a de la soldadura.

teB Espesor de la garganta efecti9a B M.>M> w

wB ongitud efecti9a de la soldadura.

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1 Tamao minimo :

2 Tamao maximo :

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3 Longitud efectiva minima:

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Selecciones una tamaIo de soldadura adecuado para la

coneion mostrada a#a8o4Solucio $"amaIo maimo4$ara placa de espesor N4

in.

16

7

16

1

2

1

16

1t ===

in.83elegidosoldaduradeTamao

in.16

51deplacalade

soldadurademinimoTamao

=

=

Aota 4 "amaIo maimo de la soldadura se controla con la placa mas pequeIa, "amaIo minimo de la soldadura se controla con la placa mas grande

N

?

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1 ,esistecia de soldaduras a tope $

"!e strengt! of full penetration groo9e weld is superior

to t!at of t!e #ase metal, if matc!ing filler is selected

%$age '-?K(.

"!e Aominal strengt! of weld per one inc! lengt! %nw(

is #ased on yielding of #ase metal rat!er t!an on weld

material4

nwB te*y %"ension or /ompression(

nw

B te %M.; *y( %S!ear(

w!ere 4 teB effecti9e t!ic3ness of weld.

* B yield stress of #ase metal.

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2 ,esistecia de soldaduras a )ilete $

"!e strengt! of fillet welds are always controlled #y s!ear on t!e

weld plane or s!ear on t!e #ase metal.

"!us4

nwB te%M.; *E==( weld metal.

ornwB t %M.; *u( #ase metal.

w!ere4

nwB esistance %strengt!( of weld per one inc! lengt!.

te B Effecti9e t!roat t!ic3ness of weld. t B "!ic3ness of t!e #ase metal.

*E==B Ultimate tensile strengt! of electrode.

*u B Ultimate tensile strengt! of metal.

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weld.oflengt!unitperloadfactored4w!ere

O

4'elds*or

O

4general0n

u

unw

n

=

iiQ

1 Soldaduras a tope co peetracio total$

& 5 "ension or compression %"a#le 2.K(

material eld!t0.90"#

material$ase!t0.90"#

%en

%en

=

=

7 5 S!ear on Effecti9e &rea %"a#le 2 .K(

material weld(*%M.;tM.MO

material#ase(*M.;%tM.M

tM.MO

E==enw

ye

yenw

=

=

=

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2 Soldaduras a /ilete

"!e design strengt! per unit lengt! of fillet weld is #ased on t!es!ear resistance t!roug! t!e effecti9e t!roat of t!e weld %"a#le 2.K(4-

#ut s!ould not #e greater t!an t!e s!ear capacity of t!e #ase metal4

&''e

&''en

!t0.45

materialeld (!)0.6t0.75"#

=

=

)*4.2(!t0.45

material$ase(!)0.6t0.75"#

u

un

=

=

w!ere4

te B Effecti9e t!roat t!ic3ness.*E==B "ensile strengt! of electrode.

t B "!ic3ness of t!e #ase metal.

*u B "ensile strengt! of metal

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/alcule la capacidad de la coneion mostrada considerandoSoldadura E>M== y metal #ase %&-F;(Solucio$-

1# +a&ao de soldadura $-

"amaIo minimo B ?PQ in %"a#le 2..J(

"amaIo maimo B R - ?P?; B FP?; in tamaIo esta #ien.

in.0.13316

3+0.7070.707te ===

,ipsin.4.2

70+0.6+0.133+0.75

(!)0.6t75.0# &''en

=

=

=

2# Capacidad de Soldadura $-

e&plo 2$

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,ipsin.6.5

58+0.6+4

1+0.75

(!)0.6t75.0# un

=

=

=

3# Capacidad &etal %ase $-

(# Capacidad de la coe*io$-

3ipsPin..JF

QJ.

O nwn

3=

=

=

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Seleccionar el espesor de una placa con una coneion diseIeda a tope con$enetracion total con acero %& K> rado KM( y proceso S&'

Solucion:Solucion:;

D B ?3

B ;M3$u

?( $uB ?. ? T ?.; ;M B ??M 3ips.

( Espesor requerido de la placa4

"nB M. *y &g B M. KM ; t B >M t %controla(

o "nB M.>K *u&eB M.>K ;K ; t B.K t

.16

7ntonces41.0270

110

== incheintrequired

F( Eligiendo el electrodo e las ta#las *>==-E=== %*E==B >M 3si(

e&plo 3$

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Desig the sie ad legth o/ )illet 4eld /or the lap oit sho4 %elo46se SA! 70 process plates are A-3 steel

Solution:Solution:

*actored load B ?. K T ?.; >M B ?J 3ips.

)inimum weld size B R inc! %&0S/ ta#le 2 .J(

)aimum weld size B KPQ 5 ?P?; B P?; %&0S/ 5 # $age K(.

Select size %KP?; inc!( since you can get it in a single pass.

teB M.>M> KP?; B M. inc!

*a&ple !-($

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continued:continued:

?( !eld capacit: per ichB nwB M.>K te%M.; *E==(

B M.>K M. M.; >M

B ;.; 3ips per inc! %controls(

( late shear-rupture B nwB t %M.;*u(

B M.>K M.;K M.; KQ

B ?;.F 3ips per inc!

F( +otal legth o/ 4eld re;uired$

Use weld around plate as s!own.

%Use t!ree sides of > inc! eac! B ? inc!(.

ince!"

P#

n$

u$ 420

906

142.

.===

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&ngles are eccentric in carrying aial loads as t!eir center of gra9ity

, or y are denoted #y t!eir properties. 7ut we can #alance t!e weld

"o comply wit! t!e angle center of gra9ity %/(.

Since %*( is 3nown %eg lengt! weld capacity(,

"!en %*?( is found, also4

*FB " 5 *?5 *

2

00

21

221

%

d

&'%

%d%&'( d

=

==

2/*

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*a&ple !-5*a&ple !-5

Design a #alanced weld for angles!own #elow, %& K>-r KM steel(and S)&' process specified

Solution:Solution:

1# Sectio capacit:$"nB M.M *y&yB M. KM F.;? B ?; 3ips

or "nB M.>K *u&eB M.>K ;K M.QK F.;? B ?KM 3ips %controls(.

2# Steel 4eld sie$

)inimum weld size B FP?; inc! %"a#le 2.J()aimum weld size B

Use R inc! fillet weld wit! E >M== electrodes.

teB M.>M> R B M.?>> inc!.

.inc165

161

83 =

2/*

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contd"contd"

3# K M.?>> M.; >MB K.K> 3ips per inc!. %controls(

or nwB t %M.; *u( B M.>K M.F>K M.; ;K

B ?? 3ips per inc!.

(# Deter&ie 4eld legth re;uired$

*B nww B K.K> ; B FF.J 3ips

inc!.?K.K.K>

QJ.Q

inc!.K.>K.K>

F?.Q

3ips.QJ.QF?.QFF.J?KM**"*

3ips.F?.Q;

FFF.J

;

?.J?KM*

wF

w?

?F

?

==

==

===

=

=

2/*

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Eccentric s!ear welded connection are popular for column

#rac3ets supporting gantry crane loadings or mezzanine floors. "!e

connection #elow produces %s!ear T torsion( on t!e weld. "!e

*D met!od for %s!ear T torsion( is #ot! difficult and lengt!y, &

more conser9ati9e elastic 9ector analysis met!od is allowed #y

&0S/4

2/*

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"!e eccentric load is

transferred to t!e centroid of t!e weld

group. "!e transferred load s!allconsist of a load plus

a moment "= >e#w!ere4

e B eccentrity.

"!e actual weld t!ic3ness

resisting s!ear and torsion forces is

%M.>M>w(, #ut for simplicity, we

consider effecti9e t!roat

t!ic3ness B ?.M inc!.

*rom direct s!ear only %due to $(4-

( )yx PPP

+=

?

./

?

./

?

./

:

1:

*1*

1

=

=

=

? inc!

$y

$

$)B$Ve

2/*

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J

dMf

.2 =

"!e transferred moment %)( causes additional s!ear stressesdepending on t!e critical locations of t!e weld %far edges of t!e weld(.

w!ere4

) B moment due to eccentricity B %$.e(

d B distance to t!e fart!est weld point .

2 B $olar moment of inertia.

( )

yyxx

A A

A

A

II

dAydAx

dAyx

dArJ

+=

+=

+=

=

22

22

2w!ere4

"!is can #e 9ector analyzed to4

J

Mxf

J

Myf

2y

2x

=

=

2/*

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M>wrequired

E==

vf

)


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E#a$ple %-&E#a$ple %-&

Determine t!e size of t!e weld required

for t!e #rac3et s!own. &-F; steel isused, S)&' processW

Solution:

.in?K?K>M002

in?K.M%?.>?J(Q??

?%Q(Q;(%??(%.0

in>MQQQQ?JJ

Q%;(Q%;(?

%?(?0

in.3J.QK.>?J(%?M;M.)

inc!.Q;

QQ?

JQ

Jyy

JF

yy

J

F

=+=+=

=

++=

=++=

++=

=+==

=

++

=

eP

2/*

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E#a$ple (%-&) -E#a$ple (%-&) - ContinuedContinued

ksi2.14328

60

12)81x(8

60f

forces).horizontal(no0f

1y

1x

==++

=

=

7y inspection points %& X 7( are more critical t!an points %7 + /(L

"a3e point %&(4

ksi10.131

5.886)(2.143(6.181)

)f(f)(ff

ksi5.886915

5.714942.8

x!)(f

ksi6.181915

6942.8

y!)(f

22

2"2y1y2"2xv

"2y

"2x

=

++=

++=

=

=

=

===

2/*

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E==

9req.

*M.;?M.>M>w

f

Select E>M== as gi9en #y matc!ing ta#le.

inc!M.JKK>MM.;?M.>M>M.>K

?M.?F?w req ==

Use N inc! weld size

inc!(P%tinc!Q

Fsizeweldminimum

inc!P?;

?

?;

sizeweldmaimumSince

?;?.

f

?

==

==

E#a$ple (%-&) -E#a$ple (%-&) - ContinuedContinued

2/*

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Cap 8 Soldadurass

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