(Aviones en Combate: Ases y Leyendas No.45) Unidades del F-8 Crusader en Vietnam

7/27/2019 (Aviones en Combate: Ases y Leyendas No.45) Unidades del F-8 Crusader en Vietnam

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WLMBFBGY BGA

E-0 I^WYFBG^

GL UMGRLFK


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WLMBFBGY BGAE-0 I^WYFBG^

GL UMGRLFK



aMustrfimcl bg pcrtfbf?

GM 6= bg kfyc bg 6=5: ulf gsicatf

bg Irusfbgr bga WYY Ncl @ckkg

^mi`frb (IUF-96) bgspgjc pfrf

prctgjgr f acs F-2 bga UF->6>,

glvmfbcs pfrf ncknfrbgfr naflics

igrif bg @flcm. Acs E-0I bga UE->2

mnfl f prctgjgr f acs Yhy`fwh,

kmgltrfs qug acs E-0G bga UE->66

ftfifrmfl vfrmfs pcsmimclgs

bg k ms mags tmgrrf-fmrg y bg frtmaagrmf

fltmfgrgf f 64 afrjc bg af rutf.

Iuflbc gaRL (tglmgltg bg Lfvmc)

T`ma Zccb y ga ogeg bg gsiufbrmaaf

RL Ncnny Agg bg a UE->2

sg fprcxmkfnfl f su naflic, Zccb

acifamzc ul KmJ-6: qug sg icacifnf

scnrg af icaf bg ul F-0 Mltrubgr

bga UF-97, ga iufa tfknmgl pfrtmimpfnf

gl fqugaaf mliursmcl. Zccb bmspfrc

ul kmsma Ymbgwmlbgr, pgrc gstfnf

bgkfsmfbc agocs y ga FMK-= ifvf

igrif bga naflic . FM cnsgrvfr af

fkglfzf, ga pmactc bga KmJ sg bmcaf vugatf, sgjumbc pc r ga RL Zccb

gl ulf mltglsf pgrsgiuimcl.

Iuflbc sg vcavmc f rgulmr icl su

gsiufbrmaaf, Zccb pgrimnmc

mlkgbmftfkgltg ga eugjc bg iflcl

qug faiflzfnf f su ifzf pc r bgtrfs8

grf ga naflic bg ctrc KmJ-6:, iuyc

pmactc sg `fnmf icacifbc gl ulf

scambf pcsmimcl .Zccb ecrzc su E-0

gl ul vmrfog f af mzqumgrbf pfrf

mltgltfr bgsgspgrfbfkgltg zfefrsg

bg af pultgrmf bg su pgrsgjumbcr.

Tcic f pcic, ga pmactc bga KmJ pgrbmcaf vgltfof kmgltrfs ga ifzf

gstfbculmbglsg mnf bflbc af vugatf ,

gamkmlflbc af pultgrmf bga prmkgrc.

F icltmlufimcl, mltgltc frrcaafrmg,

64 iufa pgrkmtmc f Zccb icacifrsg

pcr bgtrfs y bmspfrfr ctrc

Ymbgwmlbgr. Tgrc ga sgjulbc bmspfrc

eug suemimgltg. GM KmJ ifvf iuflbc

ga Ymbgwmlbgr fkputc su icaf

gl ecrkf bg R bga eusgafog8 ga ifzf

glgkmjc sg bmc af vugatf y augjc

ifyc `fimf ga sugac. Yu pmactc sfmtc

gl pfrfifmbfs. Fulqug Zccb vcac

64 suemimgltgkgltg igrif bg su

bgrrctfbc fbvgrsfrmc ickc pfrf vgr

afs mlsmjlmfs gl su trfog bg vugac,

ga pmactc lcrvmgtlfkmtf lc scnrgvmvmc

f gstf fiimcl yf qug su pfrfifmbfs

ickglzc f clbgfr y ga ifvf y kurmc.

GMRLZccb, mlifpfz bg aMgjfr f su

prcpmc pcrtffvmclgs, ftgrrmzc f ncrbc

bga WYY Hmtty @fwh (IUF-59), bclbg

af trmpuafimcl bga F-5 fa qug `fnmf

sfavfbc Mg rgimnmc ifaurcsfkgltg.

Rrfs ulf mlspgiimcl sg bgsiunrmc qug

su E-0 (NuLº -lukgrc bg efnrmifimcl-

62:4>= LT 229) `fnmf rgsuatfbctfl jrfvgkgltg faiflzfbc qug qugbc

mlkgbmftfkgltg mlutmamzfbc pfrf ga

vugac y lulif kfs vcavmc f bgspgjfr.

Bmrgiimcl Gb mtcr mfa? Oufl Kfrmf Kfrtmlgz

Iccrbmlfi mcl Gbmtcrmf a? Oufl ^fkcl Fzfcaf

Nfsfbc gl E-0 Irusfbgr Wl mts ce ` g Umgtlfk Zf r

Tunamifbc pcr prmkgrf vgz gl Jrfl Nrgtfmmf gl 6==0

Rrfbuiimcl fa gYeflca? ^cbcaec Kulcz Ifsfbc

© Bg gstf gbmimcl >444

Gb mimclgs bga Trfbc

Igf Ngrkubgz, 9=-7´

>0449 Kfbrmb, Gspflf

© 6==0 Csprgy Tunam s` mlj

Rgxtc ickp agtc g maustrfimclgs bg gstf gbm imcl. © Csp rgy Tunams`mlj

Atb. >444

Rgxtc gl mljags bg Tgtgr Kgrshy

aMustrfimcl bg pcrtfbf bg afm l Zyaamg

Tgremags bg fvmclgs bg Rck Ruaams

aMustrfimclgs bg pgrsclfogs bg Kmhg I`fpg aa

Bmnuocs f gsifaf bg Kfrh Ytyamlj

Ifrtcjrfemf bg Ytgp`gl B. Catkfll? pcr icrtgsmf bg af Lfutmifa flb

Fvmftmcl Tunams`mlj Ickpfly ceFkgrmif

Mkprgsc gl Gspflf gl kfrzc bg >44 M

Mkpcrtfbcr y bmstrmnumbcr gl Mltgrmcr?

BMYR^ MNWMBC^F JGLG^F A BG TWNAMIFI MCLGY

Favfrfbc, > 6 60/75

6>=4 - Nuglcs Fmrgs

Bm strmnumbcr bg Ifp mtf a?BMYR^M^GB

Fv bf. Ngaj rflc, 592 , 2´ M

64=> - Nuglcs Fmrgs

MYN (Cnrf ickp agtf) ? 02-09:>-6 07-5

MYN L? 02-09:>-757-:

B.A.? K -64752- >44 6

^gsg rvfbcs acbcs acs bg rgi `c . GM ic laglmb c bg gs af cn rf gY M' prcagjm bc pcr af agy, qu g

gY afnagig pglfs bg prm smcl y/c kuatf. fbgk,8s bg afs icrrgspclbmgla gs mlbgklmzfi mclgs pcr

bf amcs y pg roum i mcs' ..p rC'f qum gl rgprcbu zif . pafj mg 4 bmsarmnuyf punamifkglag, gl acbc 4 gl

pfrtg. ulf cnrf amtgrfrm f. frtmstm if 4 i miltmemif , 4 af trflsecrkg. mltirpri ti 4 gogiuti gl i amfaqum ir

tmpc bg sf pc rt g. s ml af bgnmbf f utc rmzfi m5l gsirmt f bg acs prc pmgtf rmcs.

GM gbmt cr sg risir vf g a bgrgi `c bg rlcbmem if r af is aruiaurf bg acs ickpclgltgs bg af ic agii mcl.

su crbgl bg fpf rm im5l y su prgi mf bg vg lmf sm im riulstf aai mfs tgi lm ifs 4 Maairif bctii lm ifs bg

iaaf aqumir tmpc 64 ficlsgofrfl.



,

MLBMIG

IFTMRWAC WLC

GA GYRFBC BG AFY ICYFY 5

IFTMRWAC BCY

AF GLR^FBF GL AF JWG^^F =

IFTMRWAC R^GY

FIIMCL GL

GA JCAEC BG RCLHML 66IFTMRWAC IWFR^C

AF JWG^^F ICKMGL_F

GL YG^MC 65

IFTMRWAC IMLIC

ACY FWRC^GY BG

ACY BG^^MNCY BG ACY KmJ 9:

IFTMRWAC YGMYAF UFAC^FIMCL

BGA GLGKMJC 7>

IFTMRWAC YMGRG

KFs FAAF BG ACY KmJ 77

IFTMRWAC CI@C

AFY WLMBFBGY BG I^WYFBG^

BG AF MLEFLRG^mF 7=



c?z?;<

c-';<e-IA

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GA GYRFBC

BG AFY ICYFY

AcY gsiufbrclgs bg af Kfrmlf y bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf ickgl

zfrcl f utmamzfr ga E- 0 Irusfbgr bg Ucuj`t gl ga surgs tg bg Fs mf

g l 6=56. GM kgs bg kf rzc bg fqu g a flc , g a UKE- 9 6> y g a

UK E-6 72 aMgvfrcl sus 92 E0W -6 G (E- 0N, bgspugs bg citunrg bg 6=5>) f

afs msafs Emampmlfs pfrf kcstrfr su nflbgrf gl ul pgrm cbc bg tglsmcl gl

Afcs. Gl kfyc bg 6=5> , g a UKE-276 bgspa gjc ci`c bg sus Iru sfbgr gl

ga @flicih pfrf rgecrzfr fa faf fg rgf bg af Kfrmlf bg gstg pcrtffvmclgs

kmgltrfs f trfvgsfnf gakfr bg I`mlf kgrmbmclfa burfltg c trf irmsms gl Afcs.

Afs ulmbfbgs bg Irusfbgr icl nfsg gl acs pcrtffv mclgs sg fbm gstrfrcl

gl afs prcx mkmbfbgs bg Umgtlfk, pgrc afs ulmifs fiimclgs gl icknftg rg

fa `fnmfl smbc afs bg acs Irusfbgr bg rgiclci mkmgltc ectcjla em ic ^E-0F

bga UI T- 59 y afs bg su bgsiglbmgltg, ga UE T- 59 .

Afs prmkgrfs ulmbfbgs bg I ru sfbgr qug cpgrfrcl gl ga surgstg bg Fsmf

rgf amzfrcl ulmifkglt g kmsmclgs bg ifzf bmurlfs,

64 qug mkp amifnf glergltfrsg gxiausmvfkgltg f

ctrcs fv mclgs glgkmjcs . Yu ifpfi mbfb bg trfls

pcrtg bg ifrjf gstfnf amkmtfbf f ul jrupc bg prc

ygit mags fajc ickmi c kcltfbc scnrg ga erglc bg

vgacimbfb. Fbgkfs, iuf aqumgr omlgag bg acs Iru

sfbgr qug vf acrfsg sus bcrfbfs fafs pfambgimf fa

pglsfr gl ga fjf rrctfkm gltc bg su purf sfljrg

ic l afs fltmgs tgtmifs ncknfs bg `mgrrc. ]f grf

s u e mi mg lt g tg lg r qu g aa gvf r acs km s ma gs

fmrg-f mrg Y mbgw mlbgr icltrf af iupuaf bg af if

nmlf, pgrc f a kglcs g aacs ecrkfnfl pfrtg bg su

km smcl fmrg-f mrg.

Acs E0W-> (E- 0I) `fnmfl aMgjfbc gl 6= 70 .

Yg ags pcbm f bmegrglimfr mlkgbmftfkgltg bg acs

E-0 fltgrmcrgs jrfimfs f sus prckml gltgs fagtfs

vgltrfags gl af pfrtg pcstg rmcr bg a eu sg afog , qug

ags bfnfl ulf kfycr gs tfnmambfb f vgaci mbfbgs

f atfs8 g a lugvc ifzf tfknm gl pcrtfnf ul kctcr

kfs pctgltg . GM I`framg grf tcbfvmf gs trm itf

kgltg ul ifzf bmurlc y fukgltc af fltg rmcr if r

jf bg bcs Y mbgwmlbgr f i uf trc. GM E0W->

(E- 0B) `fnm f s mbc icli gnmbc c rmjmlf ak gltg ic

kc ifzf lciturlc, y gstcs bcs lugvcs kcbgacs

pcbmfl pcrtfa' iuftrc rgigptfiuacs bg prcygitm

ags f mrg-supgremimg _ulm . Af icknmlfi mcl bg acs

rgigptfiua cs bg acs prcygitmags y bg acs iflclgs

mltgrlcs bg >4 kk bg a E-0 irgfrcl ul pcbgrc

sc smstgkf bg frk fs bg ftfqug tgrrgs trg, fbg-

iufbc pfrf mlutmam zf r pcs mi mclgs bg f rtmaa grmf

fltmfg rgf y trglgs bg sukmlm strcs.

JCAEC

BG

RFMAFLBMF

Umg tlf k, 6=5:.

+ Nfsg

]flhgg

+ Nfsg

Bmxmg

fKF^ BG I@MLF KG^MBMCLFA



'*' Fgrcpugrtc

• Frgf prc`mnmbf

c >7 74 :7

kmaafs

JCAEC

BG

RCLHML

GM Bgatf `fnmf kgocrfbc ga rfbfr y af fv mclmif icl tcbfvmf kfs pctgl

imf gl ga kctcr? kui`cs ICaabaaiacrgs bg acs Irusfbgr 64 iclsmbgrfnfl ic

kc ga kfs rfp mbc bg tcbcs acs E-Y . Rfknmgl cergimf fa pmactc ulf glcrkg

kgo crf gl ga icltrca bga kctcr icl ga ickpglsfbcr bg pctglimf gl fprc

xmkf imcl (ickaaa6kgltg iclcimbc ickc ga FTI).

Ic kc kui`cs ctrcs lugvcs fv mclgs bg af Kfrmlf, ga f kglubc lgrvmcsc E-Y

sg `fnmf jflfbc af rgputfimcl bg sg r ak fsgsmlc bg faerrgigs burfltg su prmkgrf

fpfrmi mcl gl sgrvmimc , gspgi mfakgltg iuflbc sg trftfnf bg ftgrrmzfr f nc rbc bg acs

nuqugs. GMFTI fyubfnf f tcbcs acs pmactcs bg acs E-Y, pgrc gspgimfakgltg f acsfvmfbcrgs ocvglgs, burfltg af ic kpamifbf fprcxmkfimcl f acs pcrtffvmclgs, qug

grf tcbfvmf kfs bmemima icl ga Irusfbgr bgnmbc f af vg aci mbfb rgaftmvfkgltg fatf

bg 62: lubcs bg gstg fvmcl bg rgfiimcl. GMFTI efimamtfnf f acs pmactcs ga kfl

tglmkmgltc bg ulf vg aci mbfb iclsmstgltg (Mf iafvg pfrf ulf nuglf fprcxmkfi mcl)

kgbmfltg af bgtgii mcl bg ifknmcs gl af fig agrfi mcl y gl ga fljuac bg ftfq ug.

Emlfakgltg, ga Bgatf tfknmgl prgsimlbmc bga ku y bglcstfbc (y rfrf vgz

utmamzf bc) jrupc bg prcygitma gs vg ltrfags qu g `fnmfl pcrtfbc acs prmkg

rcs kcbgacs.

GM bgsfrrcaac emlfa bg af aml gf crmjmlfa bga EYW , ga EYW->LG (E-YG)

fpfrgi mc gl oulmc bg 6=5 6. GM Gi`c. qu g cergimf lu gvfkgltg ulf fv mclmif kgocrfbf (scnrg tcbc pfrf bmspfrfr ga km sma fmrg-supgremimg Nuaapup qug

eug mjufakgltg pcic utmam zf bc, sm gs qu g 64 eug fajulf vgz), mliaumf fafs

rgecrzfbfs ic l bcs fli6fogs . Burfltg kui`c tm gkpc, ga E-YG eug ga ul m-

Fjrupfimclgs bg rutf y pugltgs

mkpcrtfltgs gl Umgtlfk bgt Lcrtg,

6=50.gl

gl-1¸cc

cgl

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lcgl

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ic ifzf bg af Kfrmlf ifpfz bg aMgvfr afs ncknfs Kh 02 bg = 6> hj. Af Ml

efltgrm f bg Kfrmlf, gl pfrtmiuafr, rgf amzfrm f ul jrfl usc bga rcnustc Gi`c

burfltg af prmkgrf kmtfb bg af jugrrf bg Umgtlfk.

F kgbmfbcs bg 6=52 acs gsiufbrclgs bg Irusfbgr bg af Kfrmlf y bg af

Mlefltg rmf bg Kfrmlf gstfnfl nmgl crjflm zfbcs y sg sgltmfl ickcbcs icl

acs fpfrftcs, y fajulfs ulmbfbgs yf `fn mfl rgfamzfbc bgspamgjugs gl acs

pcrtffvmclgs y gl afs nfsgs bg Ofpcl y bg afs msafs Emampmlfs. Yg `fnmfl sc-

auimc lfbc gl jrfl kgbmbf acs prcnagkfs y acs prmkgrcs kcbg acs qug `f

nmfl prgstfbc su sgrvmimc ickc fvmclgs bg mlstruii mcl burfltg acs prmkgrcs

flcs bg sgrvmimc bga kcbgac `fnmfl bgsfpfrgimbc, sustmtumbcs pcr acs kc

bgacs qug icknft mrmfl gl af jugrrf kfs prc acljfbf bg Gs tfbcs Wlmbcs y,

gl ifs m tcbcs acs fspgitcs, af kfs bgnm amtfbcrf y g l uatmkf mlstflimf af kfs

ml sftm sefitc rmf. Mliausc af ecrkf gl qug ickglzc ga icleam itc eug icleusf.

Gl ga kckgltc bg af gsifafbf bg af jugrrf bg Umgtlfk sc ac bcs iafsgs

bg pcrtffvmclgs aMgvfnfl tfltc acs E-0 ickc acs ^E-0, f sfngr, acs iuftrc

pcrtffvmclgs bg af iafsg Gssgx bg af gpcif bg af MM Jugr rf Kulbmf a WYY

@fl icih. WYY Ncl @faa/k g ^mi`frb (IUF-9 6), WYY Crmshfly (IUF-92)

y WYY Rmiclbgrcjf y g a trmc bg acs fs m aMfkfbcs pcrtffvmclgs bg icknf

tg, WYY Kmbwfy (IUF -26 ), WYY Erflhaml B. ^ccsgvgat (IUF-2>) y g a

WYY Icrfa Ygf (IUF-29). Gstcs uatmkcs nuqugs gstfnfl smglbc efnrmif

bcs iuflbc e mlfamzc af MM Jugrrf Kulbmf a y eugrcl ic lsmjumgltgkgltg

fpfrifbcs y au gjc rgs ui mtfbcs , fu lqug lmljulc gltrc gl fii mcl burfltg

af jugrrf bg Ic rgf bg 6=74- 6=79 . FM mjufa qu g acs pcrtffv mclgs supgrv m

vmgltgs bg af i afsg Gssgx (q ug `fnm fl smbc fj rup fbcs gl af iafsg >:I bg

pcrtffv mclgs bg GG WW bg af pcsjugrrf), sg `fnm fl kcbmem ifbc afs iu

nmgrtfs bg gog rgitc bg gstcs nuqugs pfrf ml iaumr ulf iunmgrtf bg ftgrrm zf

og gl flju ac .

@unc kui`f kmtcacjmf scnrg g a Irusfbgr pfrf ftrfgr f acs pmactcs bg if

zf lgCemtcs f af ickulmbfb. Burfltg tcbf af ifrrgrf bg 94 flcs bga Irusfbgr gl afs cpgrfi mclgs bg pcrtffv mclgs, afs trgs ml smjlmfs kfs fprgimfbfs

pcr acs fvmfbcrgs lfvfags eugrcl ga bm sglc bg a gsi ubc y af gspfbf bga Iru

sfbgr, af ml smjl mf bga Iaun Lf Wamic bga Jcaec bg Rclhml y af ml smjlmf ul

tfltc tfrbm f bg "]c scnrgvmvm f >: I`framgs icl ga E-0". Wlf iufrtf ml smj

lmf bga E-0, kfs rfrf, y `fnmtufakgltg gl fzu a bgimf afstmkcsfkgltg? "Iufl

bc gstfs eugrf bg acs E-0 gstfs eugrf bg ac s ifzfs" , y gl g aaf sg vg mf f ul

pmactc gs tm amzfbc icl ulf prckmlgltg afj rmkf gl ul coc. Grf ul ougjc icl

ul flulimc bg ig rvgzf bg af gpcif y aMfkfnf af ftglimcl scnrg ga prcacl

jfbf pgrc sgjurc fbm cs qug af Kfrmlf gstfnf bflbc f

su uatmkc ifzf kclcpa fzf.Fulqug emlfakgltg fpglfs sg efnrmifrcl 6.944 Iru

sfbgr - mliaumbcs 622 fpfrftcs bg rgiclci mkmgltc ectc

jrfemic , 2> E-0G(EL) pfrf af Fgrclfvfag bg Erflimf y

ul sc amtfrm c E0W- 6R (RE-0F) bg bcs fs mgltcs- , acs prm

kgrcs y nrmaa fltgs flcs bga E-0 y af prckgsf bg afs u a

tmkfs fiimclgs bmspclmnags gl ul kclcpa fzf bg i uftrc

iflclgs pfrf acs fvmfbcrgs bg af Kfrmlf y bg af Mlefl

tgrmf bg Kfrmlf jfrfltmzfrcl qug ul eauoc icltmluc bg

pm actcs bg ifzf burcs , ic kpgtmtmvcs y icl ergiuglimf

ifpfigs aMgjf rf f af ickulmbfb bga E-0 mliausc gl gairgpusiu ac bg af ifrrgrf gl ga ergltg bg gstg fv mcl f

0 prcpuasmcl.

GM pgrsclfa bg kfltglmkmgltc

ifrjf acs FMK -= Ymbgw mlbgr gl ul

E-YG bga UE-Y6 f ncrbc bga WYY

Rmiclbgrcjf (IUF-626 gl egnrgrc bg

6=52.



AFGLR^FBFGL AF JWG^^F

Iflbc acs erfligsgs fnflbclfrcl sus fltmjufs icaclm fs gl Ml-

bci`m lf f e mlfags bg af bgifbf bg acs fmmcs i mliugltf, GG UW

mltgrvm lc pfrf fpcyfr f acs rgjmkglgs qug icltmlufnfl icknf-

tmglbc icltrf ga pcbgr ickulmstf . Yml gknfrjc, gl cifs mclgs pfrgimf qug

acs bmrmjgltgs survmgtlfkmtfs tgl mfl pcic kfs qug cergigr qug acs mlsur-

jgltgs fpcyfbcs pcr @flcm. Mliausc gl cifsmclgs f ajulcs erustrfbcs

kmgknrcs bg afs Eugrzfs Frkfbfs sg rgngafnf l, ickc acs bcs pmactcs bg

acs Yhyrfmbgr bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf bg Um gtlfk qug ftfifrcl ga Tfafi mc Trg-

smbglimfa ga >5 bg egn rgrc bg 6=5>8 ulc bg g aacs eug bgrrmnfbc.

GM M bg lcvmgknrg bg 6=59 ga Jc nm grlc bg Ljc Bml` Bm gk eug bg-

rrcifbc pcr ul sflj rmgltc jcapg bg Gstfbc gl ga qug Bm gk y sus icaf-

ncrfbcrgs eugrc l fsgs mlfbcs. Rrgs sgkflfs bgspugs , Gs tfbcs Wlmbcs sg

glicl trc gl kgbmc bg su prcpmf fjclmf prgs mbglimfa trfs g a fsgs mlftc

bg Oc`l E. Hgllgby gl Bf aafs.

Acs bciukgl tcs rgi mgltgkgltg bgsi afs memifbcs ( mliaumbc ul kgkc-

rflbuk gsirmtc sg ms sgkflfs f ltgs bg qug g a kurmgrf) sujmg rgl qug Hgl-

lgby sg mliamlfnf pcr af rg tmrfbf bg afs trcpfs gstfbculmbglsgs gl 6=57 .

GM prgsmbgltg Aylbcl N. Oc`lscl tfknmgl iclsmbgrc af rgtmrfbf bg af

kfycr pfrtg bg acs fsgscrgs bg Um gtlfk bg a Yur y bgofr f acs survmgtlf-

kmtfs qug sg afs fr rgj afrfl pcr sm kmskcs. Yml gknfrjc, mltgrrukpm c tc-

bfs afs aMgjfbfs y sf ambfs `fstf qug ga y sus fsgscrgs pubmgrc l crbglfr

afs icsfs trfs iclvgrtmrsg gl prgsmbgltg bgspugs bga fsgs mlftc bg Hgllgby.

a.Ickc sg `fnrmf bgsfrrc aafbc af `mstcrmf sm Oc`lscl, ul prgs mbgltg prg-

ciupfbc pcr acs fsultcs mltgkcs, sg `unmgrf rgtmrfbc bga surgstg fs mamt mic

gl gstf efsg mlm imfa3 Yml gknfrjc, acs ficltgimkmgltcs gl af prmkgrf km-

tfb bg 6=52 gvcauimclfrcl bg ctrf ec rkf, y iuakmlfrc l icl af mltgrvgl-

imcl f jrfl gsifaf. Oc`lscl sg glicltrc bgltrc bg ulf mkpcrtfltg jugrrf

bg .Mm/gjc iruzfbc qug ickglzc icl af fitmvfimcl bg trcpfs y icl pftru-

amfs bg pcif mkpcrtflimf, pgrc qug aMgjc `fstf af pfrt mi mpfi mcl gstfbcu-

lmbglsg bg aMglc qug, scimcacjmif y pcamtmifkgltg, bgsjfrrc g a pfms.

Afs fitmvmbfbgs icknmlfbfs mkpamifrcl f tcbcs acs gog ri mtcs bg

GG WW y bg Umgtlfk bg a Yur, mli aumbfs afs pftruaa fs lckfbfs f 64 afr-

jc bg af icstf vmg tlfkm tf fsm ickc afs fafrkfs gl acs ifkpcs bg fvmf-

imcl kui`c kfs gl ga ml tgrmcr. Gl cifsmclgs, sg scami mtfnf f gs tcs fvmclgs

gl fagrtf qug rgspclbmgrf l f acs jr mtcs bg fyubf bg afs ulmbfbgs tg-

rrgstrgs survmgtlfkmtfs y bg sus fsgscrgs gstfbculmbglsgs. Gstfs fi-

imclgs `fnmfl smbc pa flgfbfs pfrf kcstrfr f acs lcrvmgtlfkmt fs qug ga

sur lc gs tfnf sc ac. Af icltrmnuimcl bg af Kfrmlf f gstfs fii mclgs sg

bglckmlc bg ecrkf ic agi tmvf Rgfk ]fl hgg. Emlfakgltg, sg sg agiimclc

ulf pcsmimcl jgcjrfemif gl ga kfr bg I`mlf kgrmbm clfa, gl afs prcx m-

kmbfbgs bg Umgtlfk bga Yur, ickc pultc bg aflzfkmgltc y sg Mg fpc-

bc ]flhgg Ytftmcl (, Nfsg ]flhgg') .

Afcs yf grf ulf zclf icleamitmvf mkpcrtfltg y eug pftruaa fbf mltgl-

sfkgltg icl km smclgs bg rgiclcimkmgltc ectcjrfemic pcr pfrtg bg acs

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fvmclgs ectcjlm em ics F-9 y Ê-0 bg af Kfrmlf pfrf ifrtcjrfem fr afs zclfs

lc gxpacrfbfs bg afs vfstfs sgavfs bg af zc lf. Afcs rgi mnmc su pfrtg bg ftgl

i mcl gl 6=59 y 6=52, yf qug af Kfrmlf icle mrkc qug acs ickulm stfs gl

trfnfl gl Um gtl fk bg a Yur f trfvgs bg af gs trgi`f erflo f bg Afcs .

Fa prmli mpm c. acs pfo frcs bg rgiclcimkmglac vcafrcl sml gsic atfs , ful

qug afs trmpua fi mclgs bg acs ^F- 9 y bg acs Ê- 0 lc gstfnfl kuy ic ltgl

tfs bg mr sc afs f trfvgs bg acs aMaftcrrf ags bg frtmaa gb f fltmfg rgf amjgrf y

frkfs pcrtftmags. Yml gknfrjc, ga 5 bg oulmc bg 6=52 af smtufi mcl ifknmc

brfs tmif kgltg iuflbc g a RL I`frags Hauskfll, bga UET-59. bgstmlfbc f

ncrbc bg a Hmaty @fwh, eug bgrrmnfbc burfltg ulf pfsfbf ectcjrfE mif gl ga

gstg bg Afcs. Eug af prmkgrf nfof gl icknftg bg acs Irusfbgr y af sgjulbf

vgz gl trgs bmfs qug ga fvmcl bg Hauskfll `fnmf rgsuatfbc j rfvgkgltg f a

if lzfbc. Fa icltrf rmc qug gl g a vug ac prgv mc bg a 9 bg oulmc, iuflbc `f

nmf iclsgj umbc vcavgr fa nuqug, g l gstf cifsmcl tuvc qug sf atfr bg su fvmcl

gl aafkfs. Hauskfll eu g if pturfbc pcr afs eugrzfs ickulmstfs bg Tft`gt

Afc y glifrig afbc burfltg trgs kgsgs fltgs bg qug pubmgrf rgf amzfr ulf

ùmbf brfkftmifkgltg f mrcsf .

Fa bm f smjum gltg, ga : bg oulmc, bgspgjc ctrf gsi ufbrmaaf bg Ê-Y f prm

kgrf `crf bg af kflflf, sgjumbf bg ulf sgjulbf sfambf kfs tfrbg fqug a

kmskc bm f. Af prmlimpf a km smcl bg acs icltmlucs vug acs grf bgkcstrfr af

rgsc auimcl gstfbculmbglsg bgspugs bg af pgrbmbf bg ulc bg sus fvmclgs y

bg ulc bg sus pmactcs. Yml gknfrjc, gstf vgz acs fvmclgs bg rgic lci mk mglrc

mnfl gsic atfbcs pCM' ifzfs Irusfbg r. Af prmkgrf kmsmcl sg glicltrc icl

ulf mltglsf nfrrgrf bg eu gjcs y ulc bg acs gsic atfs suermc bflcs kglcrgs.

Acs prcna gkfs bg kfltglmkmgltc fltgs bg a aflzfkmgltc bg af sgjulbf

kmsmcl prcvcifrcl qug ul ifzf bg gsic atf tu vmgrf qug fnflbclfr af km

smcl, pgrc trgs E-Y B bga UE- MMM , kflbfbcs pcr ga ogeg bg acs Y M/M/(Mcwlgr

Ib,? Bcyag Z. Ayll (if pmtfl bg erfjf tf, IE), pfrtmgrcl emlfakgltg `fi mf

af aaflurf bg Ofrs, gl af zclf lcrtg-igltrc bg Afcs.

Gstg j rupc tfknmgl sg glicltrc icl ulf eu grtg frtmaagb f fltmfg rgf, y ga

fvmcl bga IE Ayll eug ef tfakgltg faiflzfbc. GM sf Mtc, ifyc gl ul ncsqug

y cnsgrvc ickc sus fkmjcs vcafnf l fpgsfbuknrfbcs gl im riua c pcr gl

imkf bg g a.

Ickc prgsfjmc bg 64 qug mnf f vglmr y, prcnf

nagkgltg, tcbfvmf bc ambcs pcr af mlif pfimbfb pfrf

rgsiftfr fa RL Hauskfll ga bm f fltg rmcr, af fj ru

pfi mcl tfi tmif aflzc ul rgsiftg kfs mvc.

Af Kfrmlf `fn mf fprglbmbc kui`c g l trgs bm fs.

Ycnrg tcbc f lc ml erfvf acrfr f acs frtmaagrcs gl tmg

rrf y iufltcs gs eugrzcs tglbbf qug `figr pfrf rgs

if tf r f acs trmpua fltgs bg afs gs pgsfs sg avfs.

Rf knmgl fprglbmc 64 vmtf a qug grf ga iclcimkmgltc

bg gstg tmpc bg fii mclgs bg rgsif tg pfrf acs `ck

nrgs sglt fbcs gl afs ifnmlfs.

Ickc ulf tlmj mif icltmlufi mcl bg gstcs ficl

tgi mkmgltcs. g a IE Ayll sg rmf bgrrmnfbc bg lug

vc g a >: bg kfyc bg 6=57 , pmactflbc ul E-YB bg a

UE-MMM bga pcrtffv mclgs Kmbwfv, burfltg ulf ml

iursmcl scnrg af imubfb lcrvmg tl fkmt f bg Uml` gl

af zclf sur. Gstf vgz sg Mg fif nc af sugrtg y ku-

rmc gl af fii mcl.

0 bg oulmc bg 6=52. GM IE Bcvag

avll mlecllf fa icltrfakmrfltg

Zmaamfk Nrmljag U fa Ifp . Oc`l E.

Nutts (IC bga Hmtty @fwh) scnrg

su bgrrmnc U rgsiftg. GM IC bga

UE-666 eug bgrrmnfbc Ukurm5

fa flc smjumgltg kmgltrfs prgstfnf

sus sgrvmimcs f ncrbc bga WYY

Kmbwfy (IUF-26).



FIIMCL GL GA

JCAEC BG RCLHML

GRmiclbgrcjf aMgjc f ]flhgg Yafamcl gl ouamc. GM cemimfa fa kfl

bc bg ulc bg acs bcs gsiufbrclgs bg E-Y bg a Faf Fg rgf 7 f ncrbc

bga Rmiclbgrcjf grf ga fj rgs mvc y sg rmc IE Ofkgs Nclb Ytcihbf

ag. Ickc ulc bg acs pmactcs kfs vgtgrflcs bga Irusfbgr eu g ga prmkgrc

gl faiflzf r afs 6.444 `crfs icl ga ifkpgcl kulbmfa bg Uc uj`t, ulf `f

zf mmf qug acj rc kmgltrfs prgs tfnf sus sg rvmi mcs icl ga UE-> 6 M f ncrbc bga

Kmbwfy gl 6=7=.

Ytcihbfag `fnmf aMgjfbc f acs Yirgfkmlj Gfjags bg a UE-7 6 gl af nf`mf

bg Yunmi, gl afs ms afs Emampml fs, gl glgrc bg 6=59 ickc g a lugvc sgjul

bc ogeg bg af ulmbfb pfrf bgkcsarfr su ifagjcrmf fltgs bg fsiglbgr f IC

(c emimfa fa kflbc). Af if rrgrf lcrkfa bg ul sgjulbc og eg g rf prgstfr sus

sgrvmi mcs burfltg 6> f MY kgsgs pfrf augjc sgr fsiglbmbc f c em imfa fa kfl

bc. Grf tfltc ul iursc e mlf a pfrf acs eutu rcs o gegs ickc ulf cpcrtulmbfb

pfrf qug ga sgjulbc fa kflbc kcsarfrf su iftgjcrmf fltg g a gsi ufbrcl

qug prcltc mnf f kflbfr.

Tmactfr ga lugvc E-YG grf ul bgsf emc, pgrc icknmlfbc icl afs erustrfltgs

ml struii mclgs bg ul Jcnm gkc gl Zfs`mljtcl ifbf vgz kfs mlbgimsc (pgr

sclmemifbc pcr ga `cknrg qug gl uatmkf mlstflimf sg iclvgrtmrmf g l ga vmaaf

lc pcamtmic bgem lmtmvc bg af jugrrf bg Umgtlfk , ga kmlmstrc bg bgeglsf ^cngrt

Y. KiLf kfrf), ga bgspamgjug bga UE-7 6 sg iclvmrtmc gl ulf g pcif bg prug

nfs pfrf tcbc ga kulbc. Zfs`mljtcl kfltglmf kuy icltrcafbfs f afs eugr-

zfs gl ga Jc aec , gspgi mfakgltg f acs fvmfbcrgs bg acs pcrtffv mclgs, qug

bgsgfnfl bgsgspgrfbfkgltg mr f pcr acs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs s mgkprg qug pcbmfl.

Omk Ytcihbfag lc eug lul if ulc bg gscs qug sg smgltfl f gspgrfr. Kmgl

trfs ga y su gsiufbrcl vcafnfl gl im riuac scnrg ul icknftg tgrrgstrg bu

rfltg g avg rflc bg 6=59 , vmj mafnfl pcr sm fpfrgimfl acs KmJ, ulf km smcl

ul tfltc mllgigsf rm f. Gl fqug aaf ef sg, af Eugrzf Fgrgf bga Tugna c Um gtlf

kmtf (UTFE) gstfnf bgemi mgltgkgltg gqumpfbf y sc ac bmspclmf bg ulc s

iufltcs K mJ- 67 bg af gpcif bg af jugrrf bg Ic rgf.

" ]c vgmf fqug aafs gsifrfkuzfs famm fnfoc y kg bgimf f km kmskc? 's m tu

pg rmcbc ic kc cemimfa fa kflbc ga prcx mkc vgrflc tmglg qu g tglgr fajul

smjlm emifbc pgrkflgltg `fy qug iclsgjumr gqumpfr f a gsi ufbrcl icl prc

ygiamags _ulm '."

GM lugvc cemi mfa fa kflbc, qug rg agvc f a IE C 'Lg ma pcic bgspugs bg

rgjrgsf r f Kmrfkfr gl o uamc bg 6=59, glif rjc f su cemim fa bg c pgrfi mclgs ,

At. Iga!? (ifpmtfl bg ic rngtf, II) Zmaamfk Kcc rg, qug `fnmf rgf amzfbc km

smclgs bg ftfqu g tgrrgstrg icl acs E=E Tflt`gr gl Ic rgf, qug fbmgs trfrf f

acs pmactcs bg a UE-7 6 gl af utmamzfi mcl bg prcygitmags jrflbgs. Kccrg rg

imnmc acs gqumpcs, afs ncknfs y acs prcygitmags y crjflm zc ul prcj rfkf

pfrf g a y pfrf carcs i mlic pmactcs. Tcstgrmcrkgltg, gstcs sg ms fbmg strfrm fl

fa rgstc bga gsi ufbrcl. Iuflbc ga Rmic y su faf fgrgf sg bgspa gjfrcl gl

fnrma bg 6=52, acs fvmfbcrgs bg Ytcihbfag yf gstfnfl prgpfrfbcs pfrf su

trfbmimclfa eulimcl fmrg-fmrg y tfknm gl pfrf acs ftfqugs tgrrgstrgs icl ci`c

_ulm ml stf afbcs gl sus Irusfbgr Gi`c.

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Bgspugs bg ulf gsifaf gl Yfsgnc, Ofpcl, ga Rmic y su fjrupfimcl bg

icknftg aagjfrcl f ]flhgg Ytftmcl. Wlf sgkflf bgspugs, iuflbc ga Rmic

`fimf su vmfog bg vugatf `fimf afs Msafs Emampmlfs, ga IE Ytcihbfag eug bgs

pgrtfbc icl ulf scamimtub urjgltg pfrf vgr fa cemimfa bg cpgrfimclgs. Ga

II Kccrg tglmf ul kglsfog urjgltg bg kfxmkc sgirgtc bga vmigfakmrfl

tg R`ckfs Kccrgr, ogeg bg af Ygptmkf Eactf8 pcstgrmcrkgltg, Kccrgr aag

jfrmf f sgr ogeg bg cpgrfimclgs lfvfags.

Ga vmigfakmrfltg qugrmf qug Ytcihbfag y su ulmbfb (bmgz E-0 y bmgz pm

actcs gl tctfa) vcafrfl `fstf ga Iclstgaaftmcl, pcr gltcligs gl ]flhgg Ytf-

tmcl. Wl bgstruitcr rgicjgrmf fa pgrsclfa bg tmgrrf y acs aagvfrmf `fstf ga

Icllmg. F kgbmf tfrbg ga trfsafbc `fnmf emlfamzfbc. Grf ga 0 bg oulmc bg

6=52 y aagjc af lctmimf bg qug `fnmfl rgsiftfbc fa IE Ayll. Ga Hmtty @f wh

gstfnf rgiupgrflbc f acs fvmclgs, fajulcs bg acs iufags `fnmfl smbc fa

iflzfbcs burfltg ga rgsiftg .

GM fakmrfltg Kccrgr sfnmf qug acs E-0 bg Ytcihbfag grfl ac s ulmics

Irusfbgr bg qu g bmspclmf icl ifpfimbfb pfrf km smclgs bg ftfqug tgrrgs

trg . Burfltg ul kgs, ga UE-76 gsicatc f acs Irusfbgr bg rgiclcimkmgltc

ectcjrfemic, sg glergltc f af frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf y, cifsmclfakgltg, ftfic

naflics tgrrgstrgs. Fa vcavgr fa Rmiclbgrcjf ga 69 bg ouamc, acs YirgfkmljGfjag sfnmfl qug `fnmfl fiukuafbc ulf vf amcsf gxpgrmglimf.

Gl fjcstc bg 6=52, acs mlecrkgs bg mltgamjglimf mlbmifrcl qug acs lcr

vmgtlfkmtfs sg gstfnfl pclmglbc ifbf vgz kfs lgrvmcscs icl afs Tftl/-

amfs BgYctc, qug sg rgfamzfnfl f 64 afrjc bg su icstf , fsm ickc gl af bg af

I`mlf ickulmstf y gl Icrgf bga Lcrtg. Afs Tftruaafs BgYctc grfl gx

iursmclgs lckfbfs qug ickglzfrcl gl 6=5> y qug `fnmfl smbc iclignm

bfs pfrf gxpacrfr afs bgeglsfs y vfacrfr af rgspugstf bg acs pfmsgs cnogtmvc.

Af s Tftruaafs BgYctc prcjrfkfbfs pfrf ickmglzcs bg fjcstc prckgtmfl

ftrfgr fajc kfs qug af `fnmtufa ftglimcl bg acs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs.

Kmgltrfs ga WYY Kfbbcx (44-:96 ) lfvgjfnf pcr afs prcxmkmbfbgs bgaf icstf gl af kfmmflf bga > bg fjcstc bg 6=52, ga rfbfr y ac s vmjmfs bga

bgstruitcr gstfbculmbglsg gstfnagimgrcl icltfitcs agoflcs. F kgbmf tfrbg,

trgs afli`fs tcrpgbgrfs T-2 bg efnrmifimcl scvmgtmif fpfrgimgrcl gl ic

auklf. Ga Kfbbcx fnrm5 eugjc iuflbc afs gknfrifimclgs glgkmjfs sg

figrifrcl y afs afli`fs tcrpgbgrfs ickulmstfs bgvcavmgrcl ga eugjc. GM

mltgrifknmc bg eugjcs bg >4 kmlutcs emlfamz5 icl tcbfs afs T-2 bfmmfbfs,

kmgltrfs qug ga Kfbbcx eug fQiflzfbc pcr ul ulmic prcygitma bg 62 ,7 kk.

Acs E-0 bga Rmiclbgrcjf bga UE-76 y bga UE-79 rgspclbmgrcl f af pg

tmimcl bg fpcyc fgrgc bga bgstruitcr bg GG WW. Ga IE Ytcihbfag y su pul

tc, ga AtCj). (faegrgz bg lfvmc, FL) Bmih @f stmljs, oultc icl ga ogeg bgaUE-79 IE ^cnfmr E. Kc`r`frbt y su pultc, II Gvgrgtt Ycut`wmih, ftf

ifrcl f afs T-2 qug sg rgtmrfnfl. Tcr gltcligs, ga bgstruitcr `fnmf bgsms

tmbc bg pgrsgjumr f afs afli`fs tcrpgbgrfs kfs rfpmbfs.

Yctihbfag y @fstmljs bmspfrfrcl ifbf ulc ul _ulm, pgrc fkncs prcygitmags

efaafrcl. Kc`r`frbt y Ycut`wmih ftfifrcl f afs pgqugmmfs gknfrifimclgs

icl eugjc bg ifmmcl, y bgo frcl ulf afli`f tcrpgbgrf (R-99=) scatflbc `u

kc y emlfakgltg mlkcvmamzfbf gl ga fjuf. F icltmlufim5l, ga cemimfa fa kfl-

bc bga UE-76 sg ulm5 f sus ickpfmmgrcs gl afs pfsfbfs bg ifstmjc.

Bmih @f stmljs `fnmf rgsuatfbc fQiflzfbc gl af jumf bg acs _ulm, y Ytcih

bfag Mg mlbmic qug vcafrf gl imriuac scnrg ga icknftg bgspugs bg ickprcnfr ga E-0 bg su ocvgl pultc. Fulqug lc pfrgimf `fngr lmljulf pgrbmbf bg

amqumbcs pubc cnsgrvfr qug ga ifzf bg @fs tmljs tglmf bfmmfbf af pultf bga



GM ogtg bga Faf Fgrgf 65. Ofkgs

Ytcihbfag. gspgrf pfimgltgkgltg

gl ul Eº0G bga UKE(FZ)º>6>

kmgltrfs ga pgrsclfa

bg kfltglmkmgltc ickprugnf

acs prcygitmags _ulm bga Irusfbgr.

faf bgrgi`f8 lc tglmf sgltmbc f rrmgsjfr

sg gl ulf efsg tfl mlmimf a bg af fii mcl.

"Kg bm iugltf bg qug prcnfnagkgltg

ga `fnm f ecrzfbc ga fvmcl", ickgltc pcs

tg rmcrkgltg Ytcihbfag fmmcs kfs tf rbg.

"G rf su prmkgrf trfvgsmf y fqug aaf grf af

prmkgrf fiimcl rgf a bg af jugrrf. GM ml

tgltc fprcvgi`fr afs fafs bg su I ru sf

bgr. Lc ickgtmc lmljmal grrcr mkpcrtfltg.

Tcbm f `fngr irg mbc qug gstfnf f rbmglbc

y `fngr sf atfbc, pgrc lc 64 `mzc."

Acs E-0 bga Rmic `fnmfl `gi`c su

trfnfoc8 afs trgs afli`fs tcrpgbgrfs rg

suatfrcl bfmmfbfs y af T-2 `ukgfltg e m

lfakgltg sg `ulbmc. Tcr gltcligs, f

ulcs 754 hmackgtrc s bg su pcrtffv mc-

lgs y icl icknustmna g nmljc (g a pultc

gl ga iufa tglmfl qug mltgrrukpmr af fi -

imcl bgnmbc f af gsifsgz bg icknustmnag) , acs iuftrc Irusfbgr sg rgulmg-

rcl. Fa lc bgsgfr frrmgsjfrsg icl af ifpfi mbfb bga fvmcl bfmmfbc bg su

pultc pfrf rgs mstmr afs bm e miuatfbgs bg ulf rgiupgrfimcl f ncrbc bg a nu-

qug, ga IE Ytcihbfag crbglc fa RL @fstmljs qug ftgrrmzfrf gl Bf Lflj8

ga RL Bm ih @fstmljs kcrmrmf pcstgrmcrkgltg iuflbc af pa ftfecrkf bga ce m-

imfa bg Ygjurmbfb bg Ftgrrmzfogs bga Rmic eu g f aif lzfbf pcr ulcs rgs tcs

trfs ul fii mbgltg bg ftgrrmzfog eftfa bg ul E-YG bga ]E-79 g a 94 bg lc

vmgknrg bg 6=57 . @fstmljs , jrfvgkgltg `grmbc gl ga i`cqug, suiuknmc f

sus `grmbfs pcic tmgkpc bgspugs .

Afs bm vgrsfs fi imclgs qug sg igltrfrcl gl tcrlc f afs aflzfs tcrpgbgrfs

eu grcl acs prmkgrcs icknftgs bmrgitcs gltrg afs eugrzfs bg GG WW ] acs

lcrvmgtlfkmtfs, qug `fnmfl aagjfbc f a pultc g l g a qug lc `f rafl ifsc ckm

sc bg 64 qug iclsmbgrfnfl mltrusmclgs gl sus icstfs y gstfnfl prgpfrfbcs

pfrf bgeglbg rsg. Acs gstfbculmbglsgs tfknmgl `fnm fl fbcptfbc ulf pc

smi mcl8 lc ags fkglfzf rmfl pcr g a fpcyc f sus f amfbcs survmgtlfkmt fs y

tfknm gl gstfnf prgpfrfbcs pfrf icknftmr.

Tfsc ul bm f kmgltrfs fkncs nflbcs vf acrfrcl acs ficltgi mkmgltcs bg a

> bg fjcstc. GM WYY Rurlgr Ocy (BB-=7 6) sg ul mc fa Kfbbcx iuflbc gs

tg rgflubc su mltgrrukpmbf pftruaaf bg 20 `crfs bgspugs bg `fngr s mbc bm s

pfrfbc. Afs bcs gknfrifimclgs sg bmrmjmgrcl bg vugatf `fimf g a jc aec bg

Rclhml f prmkgrf `crf bga 2 bg fjcstc y lfvgjfrcl frrmnf y fnfoc pcr af

ics tf lcrvmgtlfkmtf burfltg tcbc fquga bmf sml kui`f ftglimcl bga glg

kmjc. Yml gknfrjc, acs gstfbculmbglsgs sfnm fl qug acs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs sg

gstfnfl prgpfrflbc ulf vgz kfs pfrf g a icknftg.

Fltgs bg kgbm flci`g, acs rfbfrgs bg acs bgstruitcrgs gstfnagi mgrcl icl

tfi tcs qug sg fprcxmkfnfl rfpmbfkgltg, acs vmj mfs mbgltmemifrcl acs na fl-

ics lc mbgltme mifbcs ickc kfs T-2, prcnfna gkgltg bg a kmskc gsiufbrcl

qug `fnm f ftfifbc bcs bmfs fltgs . Afs afli`fs tcrpgbgrfs pfrgimfl bmrm

j mrsg `fimf af fj rupfimcl tfi tm if bga Rmiclbgrcjf. y ga Kfi/bcx y ga Ru r-

lgr Ocy fnrmgrcl eu gjc mlkgbm ftfkgltg icltrf acs vgacigs icltfi tcs, qug

pcr gltcligs pfrgimfl bgsf pfrgig r f pcpf bg acs bgstruitcrgs. Rrgmltf km

lutcs bgspugs kfs icltfitcs f > 6 hmackgtrcs pcr bgtrfs sujmrmgrcl qug grf

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f???~kulmic 64 qug pfrgimf af gs tg af bg ul tcrpgbc. Eu grf 64 qug eugsg . acs

bgstruitcrgs smjumgrcl lfvgjflbc gl fagrtf kfx mkf.

GM IE Ytcihbfag y bcs pmactcs bg acs F- M bga UF -7> aagjfrcl scnrg af

pcsmimclgs ickulmifbfs bg afs gknfrifimclgs glgkmjfs y ickglzfrcl af

fii mcl. fulqug lfbmg pubc vgr lmlju l naflic8 Ytcihbf ag `fn mf bgs pgjf

bc sc ac bgspugs bg qug g a Irusfbgr bg su pultc bgsiglbmgsg pcr iu apf bg

ul ef aac gl ga jglgrfbc r. Ac kgocr qug pubmgrcl cergigr eugrcl fvmstfkm gltcs

bg c afs efltfskfjcrmifs y bgstg aacs bg auz, qug qumzf eugsg l bgstg aacs bg

bm spfrcs. GM euturc fakmrfltg bg iuftrc gstrg aafs, pcr gltcligs IE Zgs agy

KiBclfab, cemim f a fa kflbc bg a UF-75, pmactfnf ulc bg acs F-2 pcr gl

imkf bg Ytci hbfag. GM og eg bga UE-7 6 Mg `fnm f pgbmbc f Ki Bclfab qug

glvmfrf ul kglsfog pcr rfbm c f a Kfbbcx pfrf qug g a nuqug g liglbmgrf sus

auigs bg sglfags y fs m bfrag f Ytcihbfag ulf kgocr mbgf bg su pcsmi mcl.

Bcs `crfs bgspugs bg acs icltfi tcs mlmimf ags , `fnmglbc rgj rgsf bc trfl

qumafkgltg fa Jc aec, acs na flics gl ga rfbfr sg `fnmfl bgsvflgimbc. Yml

gknfrjc, vcavmgrcl kfs y acs nuqugs gkprglbmgrcl ul icknftg bg pgr

sgi ui mcl `fs tf ifs m afs 4 6?44 `crfs bg a 7 bg fjcstc s ml lmlju l bgrrm nc

ic lemrk fbc pcr lmljulc bg acs bcs nflbcs.

Fa julcs, mli aumbc g a IE Ytcihbfag. qug i mgrtfkgltg gstfnf g l ulf nug

lf pcsmimcl pfrf cnsgrvfr af fii mcl, bub frcl bg qug sg `unmgrfl prcbu

i mbc rgf akgltg acs glergltfkmgltcs lci turlcs gl g a Jc aec. Bg `gi `c,

iuflbc ^cngrt Ki fkfrf vmsmtc @flcm gl lcvmgknrg bg 6==7, Mg prg

jultc fa Jgl Uc juygl Jmfp (og eg bg afs eugrzfs kmamtfrgs lcrvmgtlfkm

tfs burfltg af j ugrrf) scnrg g a fs m aafkfbc sgjulbc Mlimbglt g bg a jc aec bg

Rclhml. Jmfp sg rmc y sg glicjmc bg `cknrcs, femrkflbc qug ga ftfq ug

lulif `fnmf tglmbc aujf r.

Iufaqumgrf qug eugsg af vgrbfb scnrg 64 bcs ml imbglt gs bga jc aec bg

Rclhml , ga Jcnm grlc bg Oc`lscl gl Zfs`mljtcl bgi mbmc qug grf lgigsf

rmc ul ftfqug bg rgprgsf amf icltrf afs nfsgs bg afs afli`fs tcrpgbgrfs y

afs ml stfafi mclgs bg icknu stmna g. Iclsmjum gltgkglt g, af cpgrfi mcl Tmgr-

ig Frrcw glvmc ul ' ftfqug bg kfx mkc gseugrzc gl ulf sc af vgz ' icltrf

acs lcrvmgtl fkmtfs g a 7 bg fjcstc bg 6=52. Tfrtmi mpfrcl 57 fv mclgs bga Rm-

iclbgrcjf y bg a Ic lstgaaftmcl.

GM IE Ytcihbfag kflbc g a prmkgr ftfqug, qug ml iauyc f sus sg ms Iru

sfbgr bga UE-7 6 ifrjfbcs icl _ulm. Acs naflics bg acs E-0 eugrc l vfrmfs

pcs mimclgs bg frtmaag rmf fltmfg rgf gl tcrlc f af nfsg bg Uml`. Acs F-2 y

RMk @unnfrb gl ul Irusfbgr. Aagvf

pugstc ul ulmecllg bg vugac

`fnflc, icl ga trfog fltm-J

bg lfmacl vgrbg, ga ftfafog pfrf gatc rsc y afs nctfs bg vugac

kfrrclgs. GM if sic naflic tm glg

iufbrcs rcocs.



acs F-M ftfif rmfl ctrfs pcsmimc

lis sg agiimclfbfs. mliaumbcs acs

bgpcsm tcs bg pgtrcagc y sus gk

pafzfkmgltcs bg frk fs bgeglsm

vfs. Ytcihbfag, aMgvflbc f su

gsiufbrmaaf bg Iru sf bgr `fimf

fnfoc, bmspfrc sus _ulm y sus gf

Maclgs icltrf afs pcsmimclgs fltmfgrgfs. Af s ct rfs gsiufbrmaa fs

tfknmgl faiflzfrcl sus naf lics

y frrfsfrcl af zclf. Gl ga if

kmlc bg sf ambf. ga R Rmk @un

nfrb, vc aflbc ickc pultc bg su

ce mimfa fakflb c, ftfic ul f afl

i`f tcrpgbgrf glgkm jf gl ul rmc .

Fulqug af mliursmcl eug ul

gxm tc y af zclf bga naflic qu g

bc gl aafkf s, af fr tm aMg rm f fltmfgrgf bgrrmnc bcs fv mclgs bg

GG Wu. acs bcs bga Faf Fgrgf

62 bga Icllmg. GMFL ^mi`frb I.

Yft`gr bga UF-627 sg gstrgaac icl su F M-@ , iclvmrtmglbcsg gl ga prmkgr

fv mfbcr lfvf a gstfbculmbglsg qug kurmc gl Umgtlfk, km gltrfs qug ga FL

Gvg rgtt Favfrgz, bga UF- 622, sf Mtc bgsbg su bflfbc F-2I Yh y`fw h. Yf

t`gr kurmc, pgrc Favf rgz eug ifpturfbc y ickglzc ul afrjc pgrmcbc bg

ci `c flcs y kgbmc ickc prm smclgrc bg jugrrf. l gjulbc ftfq ug icl

trf af nfsg bg Vuflj H` g, gl ga qug pfrtmimpfrcl acs E-0 bga UE-79, tfk

nmgl cntuvc ul imgrtc gxm tc .Wl fspgitc icleu sc bg gstf mli ursmcl eug af fagrtf qug rgg mnmgrcl sml

qugrgr acs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs bg ul rgspclsfnag tfl mkpcrtfltg bg GG WW ic

kc ga prcpmc prgsmbgltg. Aylb cl Oc` lscl mlecrk c fa pugnac gstfbcu lm

bglsg scnrg acs ficltg imkm gltcs bg acs trgs uatmkcs bmfs y afs kgbmbfs qug

gs tfnf fbcptflbc pfrf rgspclbgr. Bg sjrfi mfbfkgltg, km gltrfs sg bmrmjmf

fa pfm s pcr af tgagvms mcl lfbmg pfrgimc bfrsg iugltf bg qug af mliursmcl bg

.GG WW lc sg aflzfrmf `fstf bgltrc bg bcs `crfs.

Burfl tg acs smjumglt gs kgsgs `unc fii mclgs gspcrfbmifs gl ga surgs

tg bg Fsmf gl 64 qu g rgspgitf f af fvmfi mcl lfvf a. Ac nuqugs iclt mlu f

rcl sus pftruaafs y burflt g gs tg pgrmcbc bg rgaftm vf mlfitm vmb fb, acs

ickulm stfs fprcvgi`frcl (ickc `frmfl burfltg ctrcs rgigscs gl acs

ick nftgs gl acs smjum gl tgs flcs) af trflqumambfb pfrf icltmlufr trfsaf

bflbc acs suk ml mstRcs pcr ga Yur f trfvg bg Afcs. Gl bmimgknrg, Zfs`ml j

tcl gstfnf ku y erustrfbc icl af efatf bg fvf ligs gl af Mmkmtfi mcl bg

gstf s fi tmvmbfbg s. Tcr 64 tfltc, ga Jcnmgrlc bg Oc`lscl paflgc bcs ifk

pfl fs fgrgfs. ul f sg rmg bg mliursmclgs bg ncknfrbgcs gstrftg jmics icl

trf afs ml stfafimclgs mlbustrmfags bga Lcrtg y kmsmclgs bg rgi clci mkm gltc

frk fbc pfrf icltrcafr ga eauo c bg kftgr mf ag s f trfvgs bg Afcs. Gs tfs

cpgrfi mclgs eugrcl bglckmlfbfs ^caamlj R`aalbgr y Nfrrga ^caa. rgs

pgitmvf kgltg.

Acs gsiufbrclgs bg Irusfbgr bg af Kfrml f y bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrm

lf pfrtmi mpfrmfl kuy fitmvfkgltg gl gstfs bcs cpgrfgmclgs, gspgi mfakglt g

gl ga mlmimc bg 6=57.

GM pgrsclfa bg kfltglmk mgltc

bga UE-79 ifrjf sus fvmclgs

icl prcygitmag s _ulm f kgbmfbcs

bg fjcstc bg 6=52. oustc bcs

sgkflfs bgspugs bga Mlimbgltg

bga jcaec bg Rclhml . GM Irusfbgr

yf gstf sm tu fbc gl af iftfpuatf

lC6 bga Rmic.

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ICKMGL_F GL YG^MC

Gprgs mbgltg Oc`l scl `fnm f kfltglmbc j rfl pfrtg bga Jcnm grlc bg

Oc`l Hgllgby, mliaumbc g a kmlmstrc bg Bgeglsf ^cngrt Y. KiLf

kfrf y su imriuac bg amligs magarfg/cs kmamtfrgs. Tgrc gl af mkfjg l

tgagvmsmvf qug fpfrgimc gl afs sfafs bg gstfr gstfbculmbglsgs fqug aaf tfr

bg f kgbmfbcs bga vgrflc bg 6=52 pfrf gxpamifr 64 qug supclmfl acs ftf

qugs bga jc aec bg Rclhml y 64 qug g a pglsfnf iclsgjumr icl g aacs, Aylbcl

Oc`lscl sg kcstrc ickc ul ogeg bga gogiutmvc ftgkcrmzfbc g ml sgjurc qug

lgigs mtfnf vgrbfbgrfkgltg (y lc bm spclm f bg gaacs) f `cknrgs icl ifpf

imbfb bg ickprglsmcl y icl `clcr f su fargbgbcr.

Iuflbc bmim gknrg bg 6=52 bmc pfsc f glgrc bg 6=57, af icligltrfimcl

gstfbculmbglsg gl Um gtlfk bga Yur y g l ga kfr bg I`mlf kgrmbmclfa icl

tmluc f ul rmtrlc erglgtmic. Gl af ctrf ifrf bg af kclgbf, ac s lcr vmgtlfkm

tfs tfknmgl smjumgrcl kcvmglbc acs ifkmclgs `fi mf ga Yur. Afs km smclgs

bg af cpgrfimcl Nfrrga ^caa scrprglbmgrcl cifsmclfakgltg f acs ifkm clgs

ickulmstfs gl zclfs fnmgrtfs, pgrc mliausc iuflbc acs rgng abgs ftfifrcl

acs fiufrtgafkm gltcs gstfbculmbglsgs gl Yfmjcl gl af ci`gnuglf bg 6=52,

kftfrcl f bcs gstfbculmbglsgs g `mrmgrcl MM ctrfs imgl pgrsclfs bga pfms,

Oc`lscl lc fukgltc af gsifafbf bg a icleamitc. Acs pcrtffvmclgs gl afs prc

xmkmbfbgs bg af icstf (@flicih, Icrfa Ygf y ^fljgr (IUF-5 6¸ lfvgjf

nfl bmamjgltgkgltg gl imriuac gl tcrlc f ]flhgg Ymfamcl gspgrflbc crbglgs.

GM 69 bg glgrc bg 6=57 ga FL Rck Mrw ml , bg a UE->2, rgjrgsc bg ul f

km smcl bg fbmgs trfkmgltc bg mltgrigptfimcl fgrgf bmurlf. Mrwml gljfli`c

ga if na g 2 bg a pcrtffv mclgs y g a gstmrfkm gltc pfrgimf lcrkf a. Gstfnf f

pultc bg `figr rgtrcigbgr ga kfl bc bg jfsgs iuflbc bg rgpgltg sg bmc iugl

tf bg qug lc sg gstfnf bgtglm glbc8 ga E-0I sg bmrmjmf `fi mf ga nc rb g. Mr

w ml tglmf qug icls mbgrfr ga rgtrfsc bg bcs sgjulbcs gltrg af sgagii mcl y

ga glig lbmbc bg a qugkfbc r.

GMocvgl fvmfbcr lc pcbmf sfngr qug su pultc bg gljfli`g sg `fnm f ic r

tfbc pcr af tmof. GM sgagii mclc ga qugkfbcr, pgrc g a Irusfbgr vfi mac scnrg

ga fljuac y af vgaci mbfb mlbmifbf sg kfltuvc pcr bgnfoc bg acs 04 lubcs

lgigsf rmcs pfrf ulf sf ambf icl gxmtc ( acs fs mgltcs aflzfna gs f fatmtub y vg

aci mbfb igrc tcbfvmf lc `fnm fl aM gjfbc f af eactf) . Mrwml tmrc bg af pfaflif bg aflzfkm gltc bg af iupuaf, pgrc fulqug acs gljfli`gs sg sc atfrcl,

lc `unc suemi mgltg eauo c bg fmrg pfrf qug sg sc atfrf af iupuaf y gstf sg

qugbc gl ga iclbglfbc ifzf.

Gl ga gsifsc tmgkpc rgstfltg iclsmbgrc ul f sf ambf icl af ifnmlf igrrf

bf, pgrc bgi mbmc q ugbfrsg bgltrc bga iclbglfbc fvmcl bg rgfiimcl. Mrw ml

tglmf suemimgltg vgaci mbfb mlbmifbf pfrf ul icltrca amkmtfbc bg a kflbc

bg prceulbmbfb, fa kglcs `fstf qug afs rugbfs prmli mpfags sg sf amgsg l pcr

ga ncrb g bg af iunmgrtf. Wtmamzflbc ga tmkcl pfrf kfltglgr afs fafs lmvg

afbfs, eug ifpfz bg gltrfr gl ga fjuf kfs 4 kglcs lmvgafbc, gl aujfr bg

`figrac prmkgrc icl ga kcrrc 4 bg afbc.Iuflbc ga E- 0 i`cic icltrf ga fjuf, ga smstgkf bg pcsicknustmcl sg

gliglbmc prcvciflbc qug ga kctcr gxpa ctfrf. Af gltrfbf gl ga fjuf tfk-

Yg pugbg vgr fa vgtgrflc bg

icknftg bga UE->2 Rck Mrwml bg pmgoultc f su ^E-0J fltgs bg ulf

km smcl bg fbmgstrfk mgltc gl af

Nfsg Fgrclfvfa bg Zfs`mljtcl BI ,

gl 6=:0. Mrwml , icl af jrfbufimcl

bg IE, kflbc ga UET-945 (ulc bg

acs bc s gsiufbrclgs UET bg af

^gsgrvf Fgrclfvf a) f emlfags bg af

bgifbf bg acs femcs sgtglt f y

tfknmmk `fnmf prgst fbc sus

sgrvmimcs ickc cemimf a fa kflbc bga

sgjulbc gsiufbrcl , ga UET->45.

Tcstgrmcrk gltg faiflzc af

jrfbufimcl bg fakmrfltg ickc

rgsgrvmstf. Gl af fitufambfb Mrw ml sg

gliugltrf gl ulf pcsmimcl

gogiutmvf mkpcrtfltg gl af RZF.



nmgl scaa5 af iupuaf y fulqug ga Irusfbgr gltr5 gl ga fjuf grjumbc, ga fjuf

ickglz5 f gltrfr mlkgbmftfkgltg pcr af pfrtg supgrmcr bg af ifnmlf . Mr

wml tmr5 bg af pfaflif bg fpgrturf, qug Mg Mmngr5 bga fsmgltc, y sfam5 tfk

nfagfltg bg af ifnmlf oustc iuflbc ulf caf ify5 scnrg ga.

GM tung bga cxmjglc bgsbg af nfsg bga fsmgltc `fstf af kfsifrf gstfnf gl

jfli`fbc gl af pfaflif bg af iupua f gl af jumf bgrgi`f. Kmgltrfs sg mlul

bfnf y scnrg af jumf, Mrwml sgpfr5 ga iclgitcr fa emlfa bga tu`c bg af kfsifrf

y sfam5 rfpmbfkgltg bg afbg pcr ga aftgrfa bga ifzf. Af pfrtg emlfa bgafltg

rf bg af sgiim5l igltrfa bga faf bg bcs pcsmimclgs bga Irusfbgr y af kfycr

pfrtg bga gstfnmamzfbcr vgrtmifa grf tcbc 64 qug qugbfnf pcr glimkf bga fjuf.

Rrfs `fngr mleafbc ga i`fagic sfavfvmbf , Mrwml sg fago5 lfbflbc kmgl

trfs su Irusfbgr sg `ulbmf emlfa kgltg y bgsfpfrgimf. GM @flicih sg `f

nmf bgtglmbc igrif bg su pcsmim5l y ga `gami5ptgrc @-> bga nuqug Mg sfi5

bga kfr bg I`mlf kgrmbmclfa. Yu fvm5l bg rgfiim5l `fnmf tfrbfbc bcs sg

julbcs gl aMgjfr fa fjuf bgspugs bg sfamrsg bg af iunmgrtf y sg `fnmf tfr

bfbc bcs kmlutcs gl sfifrag bga fjuf y icacifrag sflg y sfavc scnrg af

iunmgrtf bg vugac. GM ickglt5 kfs tfrbg? " ulif `g smbg ifpfz bg bu

pamifr km tmgkpc bg sfambf bg gkgrjglimf bg ulf ifnmlf icl ga jfli`c gl

ul pugstc bg trfnfoc".

Ucuj`t `fnmf mlstfafbc mlmimfakgltg sus prcpmcs fsmgltcs aflzfnags gl

acs E-0, pgrc acs ifknm5 pcr acs Kfrtml-Nfhgr, qug sg `fnmfl jflfbc ulf

nuglf rgputfim5l gl Jrfl Nrgtflf. GM smstgkf Kh 7 bg gstcs uaamkcs lc

tglmf ifpfimbfb igrc-igrc, pgrc emlfakgltg sg mlstfafrcl acs fsmgltcs Kh

E-: igrc-igrc gl ac s uatmkcs kcbgacs bg 64 E-0.

Wl ftfqug ickulmstf icltrf afs mlstfafimclgs gstfbculmbglsgs y sur

vmgtlfkmtfs gl egnrgrc bg 6=57 prcvci5 emlfakgltg ulf rgspugstf kfs

icltulbgltg bg GG WW. GM F Mrwml, bga UE->2, pfrtmimp5 gl ga ftfqug

bga : bg egnrgrc bg 6=57 (bglckmlfbc Eafkmlj Bfrt) icltrf Umgtlfk bga

crtg, sgju mbc iuftrc bmfs bgspugs bg ctrf mliursm5l (Eafkmlj Bfrt /M)

icltrf 64 fiufrtg afkmgltcs bg I`fl @cf, igrif bga ifkpc bg fvmfim5l

bg Bclj @cm.

acs guftrc pmactcs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs

bg acs KmJ -6: bga =>6 ^gjmkmgltc

bg Ifzf qug sg glergltfrcl f acs

Irusfbgr bga UE->66 ga 9 bg fnrma

bg 6=57 y qu g rggafkfrcl bcs E-0,

fulqug tcbcs acs fvmclgs

bg rgfggm5l bg af Kfrmlf

ftgrrmzfrcl. Bg mzqumgrbf f bgrgg`f ,

T`fk ljcg af l , T`fl vfl Rug , @c

vfl Vuy yRrfl kml` T`uclj.

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Wl E-YC bga UE-666 bmspfrf acs

prcygitmags _ulm icltrf afspcsmimclgs bga Umgt Iclj gl ga bgatf

survmgtlfkmtf burfltg ulf kmsm5l

bg icknftg bg 6=57. acs

Yulbcwlgreugrcl ga ulmic

gsiufbrcl bg E-Y qu g ut mamzc

ul f ncif bg t mnurcl fargbgbcr bg af

prckmlgltg gltrfbf bg fmrg

bga Irusfbgr8 pcstgrmcrkgltg , gs t f

ul mbfb fpamifrmf gstg if rfitgrmst mic

bms tmltmvc f su s E-2N gl 6=:>.

Acs bcs gsiufbrclgs bg E-Y bga @flicih (UE->2 y UE-> 66 ) utmamzfnfl

kcbgacs bm eg rgltgs bg Irusfbgr. GM UE->2 gstfnf gqumpfbc ic l acs E-YI ,

qug sg utmamzfnfl gstrmitfkgltg gl afs trfbmimclfags eulimclgs bg gsicatf

y bg pftruaaf bg ifzf amnrg. GM UE-> 66 tfknmgl utmamzfnf sus E-Y ickc gs

icatfs y, bg `gi`c, sg iclvmrtm5 gl ga prmk gr gsi ufbr5l bg ifzf bg GG WW

qug sg glerglt5 f acs KmJ lcrvmgtlfkmtfs ga 9 bg fnrma bg 6=57 iuflbc

acs Km J-6 : mltgrigptfrcl ul ftfqug bg ncknfrbgc. Yml gknfrjc, acs

I`gihkftg bga UE-> 66 , qug `fnmfl rgi mnmbc acs Gi`c gl eg nrgrc bg 6=52,tfknmgl utmamzfnfl sus ifzfs icltrf na flics tgrrgstrgs mjuf ak gltg.

Burfltg af trfvgsmf gl Umgtlfk bg 6=57 bga Icrfa Ygf, ga UE-6 72 pgr

bm 5 i mlic Irusfbgr pcr iuapf bg af fii m5l glgkm jf, trgs bg g aacs gl iuf

trc bmfs. Tcr ga icltrfrmc, ga UE-> 66 lc pgrbm5 lm ul scac fv m5l ergltg fa

mltglsc eu gjc tgrrgstrg y, iclsmjum gltgkgltg, Mg cergim5 su fyubf fa UE-

672. Bg fiugrbc icl af vfacrfim5l bg acs I`gihkftg. acs Nafih Hlmj`t

utmamzfnfl af t?h tmif bg aflzfkm gltc pfrf tmgkpcs bg pfz (YC% bg pctgl

imf, s ml erglcs bg vgacimbfb, f >74 lubcs bg vgacimbfb mlbmifbf). GM UE-

> 66 Mg mlbmi5 fa UE-6 72 qug `mimgrf sus pfsfbfs 64 kfs rfpmbc pcs mnag,

pgrc acs Nafih Hlmj`t lc `mimgrcl ifsc bg gstg iclsgoc.GM cemimfa fa kflbc bg acs Nafih Hlmj`t. IE Zmaamfk Bcllgaay, eug bg

rrmnfbc pcr af frtmaagrmf fltm fg rgf ga >= bg kfrzc km gltrfs pmactfnf ul E

YC. Iclsmjum5 aMgjfr fa kfr fltgs bg sf atfr bg su bfmmfbc ifzf y pfs5 ulfs

tglsfs 27 `crfs gl ulf fjufs mlegstfbfs bg tmnurclgs fltgs bg sgr rgsif

tfbc. Ycac, gl af csiurmbfb, f fpglfs sgms hma5kgtrcs bg af icstf glgkm

jf, Bcllg aay aui`5 pcr kfltglgr su nctg sf avfvmbfs mleafbc, ygsiclb grsg

bg afs afli`fs pftruaa grfs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs qug, gv mbgltgkgltg, Mg nusif

nfl. Wl pmactc bg acs Irusfbgr bga @flicih bgsiunrm5 f Bcll gaay f a bmf

smjumgltg y ul `mbrcfvm5l Fanftrcss @W-6 5 bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf bgspgj5

bgsbg Bf Lflj pfrf rgsiftfr fa gkpfpfbc ogeg.Bcllg aay eu g ulc bg acs trgs og egs bg gsiufbr5l bga IU Z- MY bgrrmnf

bcs burfltg fqugaaf trfvgsmf. GM IE Ofih @frrms bga UF -M YY tfknmgl sf a

t5 bgsbg su F-2G gl ga km skc ftfqug bga >= bg kfrzc, y eug emlfak gltg

rgsiftfbc pcr ul sunkfrmlc gl eulimclgs bg prctgiim5l bg af fvmfim5l. Tcr

uatmkc, ga IE Tgtg Kclj mafrbm bga UF -M 79, f acs kflbcs bg ul F-2I, ku

rm5 gl icknftg iuflbc af f rtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf faiflz5 su Yhy`fwh burfl

tg ulf km sm5l bg rgiclcimkmgltc frkfbc ga >7 bg oulmc bg 6=57.

GM 62 bg citunrg g a eugjc fltmfgrgc tgrrgstrg faiflz5 ga E-YB bga RL O.

F. Rgr`ulg, y fulqug g a fvm5l bg rgfiim5l

pubc sgjumr vcaflbc burfltg g a tmgkpc su

e mimgltg ickc pfrf qug su pmactc aM gjfsg fa

kfr, lc pubc rgj rgsf r f ncrbc bga Icrfa

Ygf. Ofih Rgr`ulg, qug eu g cnsgrvfbc pcr

fa kglcs ctrcs iuftrc pmactcs bga UE-6 72,

sfat5 pgregitfkgltg bgsbg su bfmmfbc ifzf

y eug rfpmbfkgltg sfifbc bg a kfr bg I`m

lf kgrmbmclfa8 su pultc ectcjrfe m5 jrfe m

ifkgltg g a sf mtc.

Fqugaaf afrjf trfvgs mf, qug tctf amz5 ul cs

mlirgmnags 99 6 bmfs, sg iclvmrtm5 gl ga ulm

ic pgrmcbc bg icknftg bga UE- 672 icl acs

E-Y. Gs tg gsiufbr5l rgjrgs5 f ifsf y sg fi

tufamz5 icl acs E-2N gl lcv mgknrg.



GM Ncllmg Bmih sg kcvmf `fimf frrmnf y `fimf fnfoc

pcr af icstf vmgtlfkmtf bgsbg Bmxmg Ytftmcl `fstf ]fl-

hgg Ytftmcl y bg vugatf bg lugvc sgjul sg Mg mnf mlbm

iflbc. F kgbmfbcs bg ouamc, gstg pcrtffvmclgs gstfnf bg

rgjrgsc gl af amlgf bg Bmxmg Ytftmcl icl bcs lugvcs gs

iufbrclgs bg E-0G. GM UE-6=6 ] ga UE -6 =2 utmamzfnfl

sus E-0G tfltc gl eulimclgs bg gsic atf ickc pfrf ftf

qugs tgrrgstrgs. Afs bcs ulmbfbgs pgrbmgrcl fvmclgs bu

rfltg fq ug aaf trfvgs mf , af frtm aagrmf fltmfgrgf bgrrmnc trgs

E-0 bga UE- 6= 6 y ul YFK bgrrmnc f ctrc (fbgkfs bg ul

qumltc fvmcl bg rgfii mcl bgstrumbc gl ul eftfa fii mbgl

tg cpgrftmvc) , kmgltrfs qug ga UE-6=2 pgrbmc trgs pcr

iuapf bg af frtmaagrmf fltmfg rgf y bcs gl pgrifligs cpg-

rftmvcs.

GMCrmshfly tuvc ulf fogtrgfbf trfvg mf bg icknftg bgs-

bg kfyc f lcvmgknrg bg 6=57. Bgltrc bg su Faf Fgrgf 65

`fnmf trg gsiufbrclgs bmegrgltgs bg Irusfbgr? ga Bgstf

ifkgltc J bga UET-59 y ga UE-65> grfl bcs gsiufbrclgs

bg af Kfrmlf, qug utmamzfnfl acs Ê-0F y acs E-0G rgs

pgit mvfkgltg, km gltrfs qug ga UK E(FZ)->6> , ulf ulm

bfb bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf bg af nf`mf bg Hflgc`g,

@fwfm, tfknmgl utmamzfnf acs E-0G trfs `fngrsg fi tufamzfbc f pfrtmr bg acs

F-2 gl 6=59. GM sgjulbc gsiufb rcl bg ifzf crmjmlf a bga Crmshfly. g a

UE-656 , utmamzfnf acs E-9 Bgkcl, qug eugrcl rfpmbfkgltg sustmtumbcs gl af

eactf pcr acs T`fltck MM. Bg gstf ecrkf, pfrf kfltglgr ul fvmcl ickul gl

ga faf pcr iugstmclgs bg kfltglmkmgltc y km smclgs. acs Afligr aMgjfrcl f

ncrbc gl glgrc bg 6=57. Acs pcrtffvmclgs >:I lc pcbmfl icltrcafr acs E-2

kfs jrflbgs fa kmskc tmgkpc qug acs E-0.

Acs Afliga8 kflbfbcs pcr ga Rica I`frags @. Aubbgl, sg iclvmrtmgrcl

gl pfrtg mltgjrf a bga faf fgrgf bga Crmshfly. Gl ul s mljuafr bgvglmr bg acs

ficltgi mkmgltcs , iuflbc ga IE Ytcihbfag, ogeg bga faf, eug bgrrmnfbc g a =

bg sgptmgknrg bg 6=57 gl ul F-2G bg a UF-659 , ga fvmfbcr lfvfa kfs if

rfitgrmzfbc bga faf grf ga Rica Aubbgl. Kgbmfltg ul fiugrbc prgv mc gltrg

Ytcihbfag y ga Ifp Nfrt Icllc aay, cemi mfa fa kflbc bg a Crmshfly, Aubbgl,

qug grf kuy fprgi mfbc y rgspgtfbc pcr sus ickpfmmgrcs, fsukmrmf g a kfl

bc bga IU Z-65 gl ulf imriulstflimf bg gsg tmpc. Bg gstf ecrkf, g a Faf

Fgrgf 65 tuvc f ul kmgknrc bg af Ml efl tgrmf bg Kfrmlf ickc su ogeg `fs

tf ga 2 bg citunrg iuflbc ga IE ^cngrt G. Ypru mt fsukmc ga kflbc.

GA UE- 65>. Acs IF_FBC^GY GL AF JWG^^F

GM ogeg bga faf fgrgf Omk Ytcihbf ag gsiui`c fa gltusmfstf sgjulbc ogrg bga

gsi ufbrcl bg Ml ef ltg rmf bg Kfrmlf, Gb ûtty, qug `fn mf vcafbc icl acs

Naug Fljgas. ga gqumpc bg gx`mnmimcl bg vug ac bg af Kfrmlf- Mlefltgrmf bg

Kfrmlf, gl 6=77.

ûtty Mg gxp amic? "IFJ, gstfkcs pgrbmglbc ul fvmcl pcr sgkflf mltgl

tflbc ùlbmr gsg pugltg bg R`fl` @cf icl ncknfs bg >>0 hj. Ymkpag

kgltg rgncafl icltrfs afs vmjfs ickc pgqugmmcs pfqugtgs bg ifsictgs.

Tcbgkcs `fig rac kgocr". Ytcihbfag gspgrc kmgltrfs ga kfrmlg icltmlufnf?

" @g nfofbc fa pcavcrml bga nuqug y afs ncknfs kfs jrflbgs qug `fy famm

fnfoc scl bg = 6> hj. @g mbgfbc ulf ecrkf bg ifrjfrafs gl acs Irusfbgr.

fsm ickc ulf kflgrf bg frkfrafs y aflzf rafs" .

GM II Ofih Rgrùlg bga UE-672 sfatf

bg su kfatrgi`c E-0B (NuLº

62:0==) bgspugs bg `fngr

rgsuatfbc faiflzfbc gl ul ftfqug

ga 66 bg citunrg' bg 6=578 Rgrùlg

eug rgsift fbc sflf y sfavc. Acs

Nafih Hlmj`t pgrbmgrcl vfrmcs

fvmclgs burfltg fqugaaf trfvgsmf,

mliaumbc ulc pmactfbc pcr ga IC bg

af ulmbfb, IE Z. L. Bcllgaay, qu g

tfknmgl eug rgsiftfbc.

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IA

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Iuflbc ^utty Mg pmbmc pgllmsc f Ytcihbfag pfrf

rgfamzfr ulf kmsmcl icl afs glcrkgs Kh 02 , ga ogeg

bg af Kfrmlf Mg rgspclbmc? "Gstfrg icltmjc gl 64 bg

acs prcygitmags y gl ga aflzfkmgltc. Bgofkg qug `f-

nag icl ga ifpmtfl".

Fulqug ga kflbfnf ul faf fgrgf bg kgbmf bc

iglf bg ulmbfbgs, ga IFJ (ul rgkflgltg bg iufl

bc ga ifrjc grf ga bg ogeg bg Jrupc Fgrgc) grfrgspclsfnag fltg ga ifpmtfl bga nuqug. Tcr gaac, ga

pgrkmsc bg fquga mkpcrtfltg pgrsclfog y su pfr

tmimpfimcl grfl vmtfags gl tcbfs afs frgfs bg afs

cpgrfimclgs, gspgimfakgltg iuflbc sg trftfnf bg

cpgrfimclgs bg vugac.

Ytcihbfag rgiugrbf ickc "ga ifpmtfl Nfrt Icl

lcaay grf ul futglt mic prmlimpg ickc ogeg bg ick

nftg. GM kg bmoc? 'Fbgafltg y vgfkcs sm eulimclf ' ."

Icl fqugaac, Ytcihbfag futcrmzc fa UKE(FZ)-

> 6> f frkfr sus E-0G icl ncknfs bg =6> hj ]paflgfr ul ftfqug icltrf ga pugltg bg R`fl` @cf

kmgltrfs ga kflbfnf ul jrupc bg F-2 pfrf gamk m

lfr af frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf.

"Kg rgm iuflbc vm fqugaacs ci`c Irusfbgr nfafligflbcsg scnrg af iu

nmgrtf pfrf rgimnmr sus prcygitm ags ."

Bgsjrfimfbfkgltg, af smtufimcl iamkftcacjmif scnrg ga pugltg eug igrc

igrc, 64 iuf a aagvc f Ytcihbfag f rgcrmgltfr ga ftfqug `fimf naflics fatgr

lftmvcs . Af egi`f grf ga = bg sgptmgknrg bg 6=57 y scnrg ulc bg fqugaacs

naflics fatgrlftmvcs ga F-2 bga IE Ytcihbfag eug faiflzfbc pcr ga eugjc

fltmfgrgc tgrrgstrg, qug Mg cn amjc f sfa tfr `fimf ci`c fmmcs bg ifutmvgrmc ygspfltcsfs tcrturfs.

"Kg prgjultfnf ickc sg afs gstfrmf frrgjaflbc af eactf icl fqugaaf bms

pcsmimcl bg ncknfs bg =6> hj gl af pfrtg mlegrmcr bg acs Irusfbgr. Bgs

pugs bg km aflzfkmgltc cm qug grf ulf ifrjf pcic ergiugltg, pgrc qut! `fnmf

tglmbc ul nugl fprcvgi`fkmgltc bg vgz gl iuflbc."

GM Faf Fgrgf 7 vcavmc fa jcaec bg Rclhml gl lcvmgknrg bg 6=57 . GM IE

I`frags N. KiBflmga kflbfnf pcr gltcligs f acs Yirgfkmlj Gfjag bga

UE-76 . Gstf ulmbfb pfrtmimp5 gl acs ftfqugs Fap`f, qug sg iclvmrtmgrcl ifsm

gl ulf rutmlf bmfrmf (64 qug fajulcs aafkfnfl af gpcif bga Bcitcr Tgppgr.

icl ftfqugs f afs 64, f afs > y f afs 2, icaciflbc ncknfs y prcygitm6gs gl naflics gl Umgtlfk bga Lcrtg, mliaumbfs afs ncknfs bg `mgrrc Kh 02 bg =6> hj).

GM >> bg bmimgknrg bg 6=57 ga faf fgrgf ftfic af igltrfa tgrkmif bg

Wclj Nm , fa lcrtg bg @fmp`clj. Aflzflbcsg gl pmifbc f trfvgs bg ulf ml

tglsf frtm aagrmf fltmfgrgf, acs ftfifltgs faiflzfrcl zclfs mkpcrtfltgs bg

af mlstfafimcl prmlimpfa. Fa bmf smjumgltg, ga rmic glvmc kfs fvmclgs, ml

iaumbcs acs E-0 bga UE-76 y bga UE-79 , icltrf ga pugltg bg @fm Buclj,

fa sur bg @flcm. Oultc icl ctrfs fafs fgrgfs, ga IUZ-7 kfltuvc ga rmtrlc

`fstf kfyc bg 6=55, iuflbc rgjrgsc f Yfl Bmgjc.

Fulqug acs E-0 lc bmspclmfl bg vmscr bg ncknfrbgc, rgsuatfrcl sgr

ulcs gxigagltgs gamkmlfbcrgs bg af frtm aagrmf fltmfgrgf, fsm ickc gxigagltgs fvmclgs bg ftfqug tgrrgstrg , y acs Irusfbgr trfnfofrcl gl gstfs mkpcr

tfltgs eulimclgs burfltg tcbf af jugrrf. GM f`crf rgtmrfbc icltrffakmrfltg

Eafjj 64 gxpamifnf fs! ?

Acs fvmclgs bga Faf Fgrgf 65

sg famlgfl gl af iunmgrtf bg vugac

bga WYY Crmshfly (IUF-92) fa

ickmglzc bg af jugrrf. Yg

gliugltrfl prgsgltgs acs F-6 @

bga UF-6Y>, acs F-2G bga UF-652,

acs E-YG bga UE-65> y bga

UKE(FZ)->6> y acs ^E-YJ bga

UET-59. Wl F-2 gstam gstfimclfbc

oustfkgltg gl ga fsiglscr igltrfa

bg prcs .



GMRica I`frags Aubbgl grf

ga fvmfbcr kfs ifrfitgrmzfbc

bga IUZ-65 iuflbc ga IE Ytcihbfag

eug bgrrmnfbc. Ygjul ul fiugrbc

prgvmc gltrg Ytcihbfag y ga ifpmtfl

bga Crmshfly, Aubbgl fsukmc

ga kflbc bga faf fgrgf y bg gstf

ecrkf sg iclvmrtmc gl ga prmkgr

mlefltg bg kfrmlf gl kflbfr

ul faf fgrgf bg pcrtffvmclgs bgsbg

af MM Jugrrf Kulbmfa.

Wl kmgknrc bga kfltglmkmgltc

ifrjf acs iflclgs bg ul E-YG

f ncrbc bga Crmshfly. Acs iflclgs

bg >4 kk eugrcl ul frkf bg

ftfqug gemifz, gspgimfakgltg icltrfafs nfrifzfs, acs trglgs

y acs vgèiuacs bg efnrmifimcl amjgrf.

" Trmkgrc aagjfkcs f ]flhgg Ytftmcl f kgbmfbcs bg kfyc bg 6=57. Af fi

imcl faam grf rgfakgltg eugrtg, fulqug sc ac pfsfkcs bcs bmfs gl ]flhgg Ytf-

tmcl y augjc eumrlcs `fimf ga Yur pfrf trfnfofr gl af zclf burfltg bcs kgsgs.

"Wlc bg kms prmkgrcs glergltfkmgltcs eug icl ulf ickpflmf bga Gogr

imtc bg Rmgrrf qug `fnmf qugbfbc mlkcvmamzfbf pcr ga Umgt IcljcAagjf

kcs scnrg fqugaacs `cknrgs (tglmfl ul glergltfrlmgltc fnmgrtc) y yc kflbg

af pftruaaf bg ifzf amnrg icl tcbcs acs ifmmclgs bmspfrflbc. Aagjc ul ml

ecrkg pcstgrmcr bg qug lcsctrcs `fnmfkcs gxpuasfbc f acs ickulmstfs icllu gstrf pctglimf bg eugjcs y ga Gogrimtc gstfnf fjrfbgimbc. Fqugaaf eug

ulf bg afs pcifs cifsmclgs gl afs qug pglsg qug `fnmfkcs `gi`c fajc

kfs qug bmspfrfr icltrf af sgavf."

Gl cifsmclgs, acs iuftrc iflclgs bg acs E-0 rgsuatfnfl prcnagkftmics.

Acs pmactcs ickglzfnfl sgagiimclflbc af pfrgof bg ifmmclgs supgrmcr 4

mlegrmcr bg tfa ecrkf qug sm ulf sg glifsqumaafnf, af ctrf pfrgof qugbfrf

bmspclmnag. GM prcnagkf bga glifsqumaafkmg ltc prcigbmf gl jrfl kgbmbf

bga gegitc bg afs fatfs J's gl afs imltfs bg af kulmimcl. Gl acs vmrfogs bg

kfxmkcs J's af eugrzf `fimf qug af ifbglf sg tcrimgrf y sg glrrgbfrf, irgfl-

bc af pcsmnmambfb bg fajWl prcygitma pgrbmbc 4 glifsqumaafbc. Acs jrfl-bgs prcygitmags _ulm tfknmgl prgsgltfnfl prcnagkfs . Gl ga kckgltc bg

af mjlmimcl scamfl sc`fr pfrtmiuafs `fimf ftrfs, `f imf af icaf bga Irusf-

bgr, qug pcbmfl prcvcifr bflcs.

Burfltg ulf kmsmcl bg RFÎFT gl ouamc, Eafjj y su pultc acifamzfrcl

ul bgstgaac bg auz bga sca qug rgsuatc sgr ulc bg acs lurlgrcscs trglgs pg

quglc s lcrvmgtlfkmtfs. Fa sclmbc bg acs fvmclgs bg rgfiimcl gstfbculm

bglsgs gl fprcxmkfimcl, ga pgrsclfa fnflbclc ga trgl y, iclsmjumgltgkgltg,

acs E-0 ftfifrcl ga bgsvfambc.naflic, aflzflbc sus nfafs `fimf frrmnf y fnf

oc pcr tcbf af acljmtub bga trgl. Wlf gsiufbrmaaf bg F-2 scami mtc qug acs

E-0 sg kfri`frfl y ags bgofrfl f gaacs (acs futgltmics ncknfrbgrcs) aflzfr sus gxpacsmvcs. Eafjj ags bmoc qug gaacs pcbrmfl glifrjfrsg bg 64 qug

qugbfrf bga trgl iuflbc ga y su pultc ùnmgrfl tgrkmlfbc. GM @GM (fatc

gxpacsmvc mliglbmfrmc) bg >4 krl `fnmf rgvgltfbc amtgrfa kgltg acs vfjc

lgs bg ifrjf amjgrcs. F icltmlufimcl , acs F-2 icacifrcl afs ncknfs bg

>>0 hj, icl 64 qug sfifrcl y rgvgltfrcl ickpagtfkgltg f af mlbgeglsf 64-

ickctcrf eugrf bg afs vmfs `fimf ul aftgrfa.

GM F ^mih Fbfks, ul ocvgl pmactc qug eug bgrrmnfbc lc ul f vgz sm

lc bcs vgigs burfltg su pgrmcbc bg sgrvmimc icl ga UE-65> , bmserutc bg

su pugstc ickc pultc bga IE Bmih Ngaamljgr, ga sgjulbc ogeg bg af ulm

bfb, qug pcstgrmcrkgltg sg iclvgrtmrmf gl su IC. GM Ngaay Clg, ickcifrmlcsfkgltg sg Mg aafkfnf , pcbmf sgr burc ickc ulf ofif, pgrc Fbfks

y ga pfrgimfl glifofr ickc gqumpc. GM 7 bg citunrg bg 6=57 Fbfks y ga

ogeg eugrcl f af ifzf bg acs YFK (kmsmags supgremimg-fmrg) ... y acs gl

icltrfrcl .

Ngaamljgr jrmtc? "o Ncknmaaf, sfa mlkgbmftfkgltg bg fqum!". ^gemrmglbc

sg f afs prgkfturfs gltrfbfs gl ga pgac bg Fbfks, ga mltgltfnf fbvgrtmr f

su pultc bg ul kmsma gl fprcxmkfimcl qug fifnfnf bg sgr aflzfbc y qug

pfrgimf bmrmjmrsg `fimf ga E-0 bg Fbfks. Bgsjrfimfbfkgltg, af rfbmc bg

Fbfks sg `fnmf bgsiclgitfbc y ga lc gsiui`c af aafkfbf bg Ngaamljgr. Ac

qug sm vmc eug ul bgstgaac iuflbc ga kms ma pfsc su fvmcl oustc fltgs bg gxpactfr. Fbfks rgfamzc ul nrusic vmrfog `fimf af bgrgi`f, pfrf bmrmjmrsg `f

imf ga kfr bg I` mlf kgrmbmclfa. Fa kglcs gl ul sgltmbc ga tuvc sugrtg, sm

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af comvf bg icknftg bg >>0 hj bga YFK ùnmgrf gstfaafbc ul pcic kfs igr- >6



c4? ?

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c-'~e-f...«u

GM ogeg bg a faf fgrgf Ofkgs

Ytcihbfag. qug aMgvf ga ulmecllg

bg ifkueafog qug `mzc bg ulmecllg

bg vugac pfrf kui`cs fvmfbcrgs

lfvfags burfltg afs prmkgrfs

trfvgsmfs bg icknftg. ickprugnf

su pafl bg vugac ga = bg sgptmgknrg

bg 6=57. Wlfs pcifs `crfs kfs

tfrbg eug bgrrmnfbc y ifpturfbc

kmgltrfs pmactfnf ul F-2.

if `fnrmf bgstrumbc ga E-0, sml bgof rag lmljul f cpcrtulmbfb bg gsifpfr bg

fquga mlemgrlc bg aafkfs qug gltcligs bgvcrfnf fa rgsmstgltg ifzf.

Km gltrfs Ngaamljgr sgjumf aafkflbc f su pultc, rcjflbcag qug sfatfrf,

Fbfks sg bmrmjmc cnstmlfbfkgltg `fi mf ga fjuf. Ickc af kfycrmf bg acs

fvmfbcrgs gstfbculmbglsgs ga lc bgsgfnf ifgr scnrg g a tgrrglc, bclbg prc

nfnagkgltg sgrmf ifpturfbc. GM ocvgl pmactc rgic rbfnf `fngr pfsfbc sc

nrg f ajulcs bgstruitcrgs gl ga ifkmlc bg mbf y f`crf tglmf af gspgrflzf

bg pcbgr glicltrfracs fltgs bg sf a fr.

Emlfakgltg, ga Irusfbgr pfsc f kgocr vmbf y gxpactc. Fbfks sf mtc f trf

ygs bg af ncaf bg eugjc y rgf amzc ul sf mtc kcrtfa gl ga fmrg tcbfv mf ftfbc

fa fs mgltc. Bgspugs bg ulcs pcics sgjulbcs, ga pgquglc pfrfifmbfs ic

lmic sg fnrmc y augjc Mg s mjumc ga pfrfif mbfs prmli mpfa, kfs j rflbg. Fbfks

sg sgpfrc bga fs mgltc y ickglzc ga bgsiglsc `fi mf ga fjuf. Iuflbc aag

jc f g aaf, Fbfks sc atc ga ftfafog y af nfasf sfavfvmbfs. Km gltrfs aagjfnf f

su nfasf mlbmvmbufa kmrc `fimf frrmnf. GM Ngaay Clg vc afnf kcvmglbc afs

fafs gl sglfa bg flmkc. Mnf tfl nfoc qug Fbfks pcbm f vg r ga mltgrmcr bg

af ifnmlf bga ogeg.

GM pmactc bgrrmnfbc sg icacic bgltrc bg af nfasf, ickglzc f vf acrfr af

smtufi mcl, y bmspusc su gqumpc bg supgrvmvgli mf gl tcrlc f ga gl ga pg

quglc rgi mpm gltg bg jckf. Tcr gltcligs, Ngaamljgr `fnmf fagrtfbc f afs eugr

zfs bg rgsiftg y vcafnf gl imriuac scnrg Fbfks gspgrflbc af aagjfbf bg

acs `g amicptgrcs. Rfknmgl gstfnf prgci upfbc pcr fajul mltgltc glgkm jc

bg ifpturfr fa fv mfbcr bgrrmnfbc.

Iuflbc aagjc ul `g amicptgrc, Fbfks sf amc bg af nfasf y sg kgtmc gl ga

fjuf. Yml gknfrjc, ga lc sg `fnmf bfbc iugltf bg 64 qugkfbfs qug tglmf

afs kflcs. Fa mltrcbuimrafs gl ga fjuf sf afbf j rmtc sc rprglbmbc pcr ga bc

acr. GM rgsiftfbcr bga `g amicptgrc sf mtc pfrf fyubfr f Fbfks f suog tfr ga

ifnag bg rgsiftg y bgsp ugs bg lc kui`c tmgkpc ga gkpfpfbc fvmfbcr sg

glic ltrc f ncrbc bga iruigrc WYY Jfavgstcl (IAJ-9), bclbg rgi mnmc ul fgxpacrfi mcl mlm imfa y acs prmkgrcs fuxmamcs pfrf sus qugkfburfs.

Fa vcavg r fa Crmshfly fa bm f smjum gltg, Fbfks eug rgimnmbc icl f anc

rczc pcr sus ickpflgrcs bg gsiufbrcl, qug Mg `fnmfl `gi`c ul jufltg

icl ec rkfs bg acs YFK y bg acs prcygitmags bg af frtmaag rmf fltmfgrgf.

Iuftrc kgsgs bgspugs, ^m ih Fbfks rgf amzc ul f km smcl qug Mg vf amf af

Iruz bg Uugac Bm stmljumbc. Lugvfkgltg tuvc qug glerglt frsg f acs YFK

yf qug ul f nftgrmf bg ci`c bm spfrc acs prcygitmags icltrf su gsiufbrmaaf,

pgrc ga kfltuvc su pcs mimcl f trfvgs bg afs eugrtgs bgeglsfs. Tgrc ga glg

km jc lc `fnm f tgrkmlfbc icl g a.

Gl ouamc bg 6=55, Fbfks sg glicltrfnf gl su sgjulbc pgrmcbc bg sgrvmimc icl ga U E 6 5>, ickc mltgjrfltg bg af gsifsf kgbm f bciglf bg km gk

nrcs bg af trfvgs mf bg 6=57 qug icltmluc gl ga sgjul bc bgspamgjug bg

icknftg. GM 6> bg ouamc sf amc gl ul f km smcl bg RF ^IF T icl su E-0G8 su

naflic fquga b mf sg glicltrfnf igrif bg @fmp`clj, ulf bg afs zclfs kfs

eu grtgkgltg bgeglbmbfs bga Lcrtg. Iuflbc fpfrgltgkgltg su Irusfbgr rg

suatc f aiflzfbc pcr ga eugjc bg afs frkfs pcrtft mags, Fbfks sg glergltc

f ctrc sf mtc. GM eu gjc sg gx tglbmc bgsbg af ic af `fstf af pfrtg bgafltgrf

bg a eusgafog km gltrfs ga E-0 sg mli amlfnf `fi mf af bgrgi`f.

"Lcs vgkcs bgltrc bg ul flc" , bmoc Fbfks (g a `fnmf qugrmbc bgi mr " 64

flcs") y sg aflzc f >. 744 pm gs y 244 lubcs. Km gltrfs su Irusfbgr sg gs

trg aafnf gl ul f kcltflf, ga bgsiglbmc ig rif bg ul pugnac. Gltcligs sg vmc

glvugatc gl ul f tmpmif ifrrgrf bg `umbf y gvfsmcl pcr su vmbf. Acs i`mics



aMMfacs yf gstfnfl nusietlbcag y ga ags pcbm f cm r. GM tfknmgl

sfnmf qug sus fkmjcs yf `fnmfl aafkfbc f afs Eugrzfs bg

Nusqugbf y ^gsiftg (YF ^) y qug, prcnfnagkglt g, ga `gam

icptgrc yf gstfnf gl ifkmlc. Grf ulf iugs tmcl bg qumgl Mg

mnf f icjgr prmkgrc.

Aagjfrcl iuftrc Yhyrf mbgr gsicatflbc fa `gamicptgrc @-9, ml

tgltflbc kfltglgr ga `g amicptgrc amnrg bga eugjc glgkmjc, qug

prcigbmf bg tcbfs afs bmrgii mclgs. Af trmpua fimcl bga `gamicp

tgrc acif amzc f Fbfks gl acs kftcrrf ags y aflzc ga ifnag `f

imf g a. Rrfs ftfrsg f ga, ga p mactc bg a E-0 fsiglbmc icl ga ifnag

f trfvgs bg acs frncags y, e mlfakgltg, gltrc tfknfagflbcsg fa

@-9 , qug sg gstrgkgimf gltrg kfs eu gjc fltmfgrgc tgrrgstrg.

Km gltrfs acs bcs trmpu afltgs utmamzfnfl sus fkgtrf aafbcrfs , ga kfatrgi`c,

y ftgrrcrmzfbc Fbfks kmrfnf f trfvgs bg ulf vgltflmaaf bg af ifnmlf kmgl

trfs ga `g amicptgrc sg bm rmjmf `fi mf ifsf, gsic atfbc lugvfkgltg pcr acs

Ypfb prctgitcrgs, iuycs pm actcs bm spfrfrcl su kulmimcl rgs tfltg icltrf afs

pcs mimclgs bg frtmaag rmf scnrg ga tgrrglc. Iuftrc `crfs bgspugs bg bgspg

jfr bga Crmshfly, ul bgsf ammmfbc ^mih Fbfks gs tfnf f ncrbc bg lugvc , y

eug rgimnmbc ulf vgz kfs pcr ulf `magrf bg pmactcs bga gsiufbrcl." fbm g

gs bgrrmnfbc bcs vgigs", vmtcrgfnfl. Yg gqu mvcifnfl . GM sgj ulbc bgrrm

nc bg ^mih Fbfks susimtc ul frtmiu ac f tcbf pfjmlf gl af rgvm stf Rmk gs

bga >= bg ouamc bg 6=55 . Fbfks, fa qug af Kfrmlf iafs me mic ickc " rgs

trmljmbc pfrf ga icknftg" eu g glvmfbc f ifsf. Uc ac icl acs Naug Fljg as

gl 6=50 y, emlf ak gltg, sg rgtmrc ickc ickkflbgr gl 6=0> .

Acs YFKAf prugnf bg acs kms mags supgre mi mg-fm rg bg efnrmifi mcl scvmgtmif YF->

supgremimg-f mrg gl Umgtl fk bga Lcrtg af rgvg ac pcr vgz prmkgrf ul Ê-0F

bga Icrfa Ygf g a 7 bg fnrma bg 6=57. Af pcs mimcl sg glicltrfnf f >2 hm

ackgtrcs f a surgstg bg @flcm, af if pmtf a lcrvmgtlfkmtf. Y ml gknfrjc, lc

sg futcrmzc ga pgrkmsc pfrf ftfifr gstf lugvf fkglfzf y lc pfsc kui`c

tmgkpc f ltgs bg qug ùnmgrf ulf prceusmcl bg pcsmi mclgs YFK, y sus b ms

pcsmimclgs icl af ec rkf bg af gstrg aaf bg Bfvmb gl sgms pultfs eugrcl ef

imakgltg bm sig rlmnags bgsbg g a fmrg.

Tfsfrmfl iuftrc kgsgs fltgs bg qug sg futcrmzfrf fajul tmpc bg fiimcl icl

trf acs YFK y gltcligs scac bgspugs bg qug sg ùnmgrfl pgrbmbc vfrmcs fvmc

lgs, mliaumbcs bcs F-2 bga UF ->9 bga Kmbwfy, qug eug rcl rgjmstrfbcs ickc

afs prmkgrfs nfofs c emimfags bg af Kfrmlf pcr iuapf bg acs kms mags.

GM FL Rck Mrwml bga UE->2 rgi ugrbf afs prmkgrfs

fii mclgs pfrf icltrfr rgstfr acs YFK?

"Iuflbc afs pcsmimclgs bg acs YFK ickglzfrcl f

kuatmpamifrsg sg iclvmrtmgrcl gl ulf jrfl fkglfzf pf

rf acs E-0 yf qug acs prmkgrcs gqumpcs bg GIK (icl

trfkgbmbfs gagitrclmifs) eu grcl f pfrfr f acs F-2. ]c

rgiugrbc ul gqumpc bg fpfrgocs mlstfafbc gl 6=55 qug

iclsmstmf gl ul rgigptcr famkgltfbc pcr ulf nftg rmf bg

ig auaf B, icl ulf fltglf iclgitfbf f af iupuaf icl vgl

tcsfs. Lc sg pcbmf iclgitfr pfrf prcnfrac fltgs bg gs

tfr gl ga fmrg pcrqug ga rfbfr bga nuqug 64 qugkf rmf

scnrg af iunmgrtf. Af fltglf nfofnf scnrg tm ickc af

rgb bg ulf frfmmf burfltg ga jc apg bg af iftfpuatf."

GM FL ^mih Fbfks rgjrgsf

bg su rgsiftg bgspugs bg `fngr

smbc bgrrmnfbc ga 7 bg citunrg

bg 6=57. Gs rgimnmbc ifaurcsfkgltg

pc r sus ickpflgrcs bg gsiufbrcl,

mliaumbc ga ogeg, IE Bmih Ngaamljgr,

qug suogtf ulfs rgpamifs bg acs

YF-> YFK qug Mg `fnmfl bgrrmnfbc.GM II Nuti` Ugrmi` scst mglg ulf

kfqugtf bg ul iflcl , ul tfltc

prcegtmic pcrqug 64 kgsgs

kfs tfrbg Fbfks sgrmf bgrrmnfbc

bg lugvc, gl gstf cifsmcl pc r

ga eugjc fltmfgrgc tgrrgstrg

ickulmstf, ga 6> bg ouamc bg 6=55.

GM II Ncyb ^gps`gr sg prgpfrf

pfrf ulf kmsmcl bg gamkmlfimcl

bg af frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf gl ga

ifkpc bg fvmfimcl bg acs KmJ

gl Hgp gl 6=55. Gstg ocvgl fvmfbcr,

mlmimfakgltg bgstmlfbc gl ga UE-66

pfrf pmactfr acs F-2, iclsmjumc

qug sg ifknmfrf su bgstmlc y pfsc

f ecllfr pfrtg bga UE-6=2 iuflbc

sfamc `fimf Umgtlfk.

. "

_L

¸. "_

(/ )

. "?l

c

>9



cf?

4 -

«~u

c-'~4 -

l..

«u

Gl gstf gsiglf bg sgptmgknrg

bg 6=55, ga pgrsclfa bg

kfltglmkmgltc trflspcrtf ifrrfs

bg ncknfs scnrg af iunmgrtf

bg vugac bga Crmshfly. Afs frkfs ,

qu g tcbfvmf tmglgl qug sgr

ignfbfs, scl bga tmpc Ylfhgyg

bg rgtfrbc, icl pmflcs bg bgrmvf

qug sg bgspagjfnfl bgspugsbga aflzfkmgltc. Acs E-YG

bg6UE-65> bga eclbf gstfl

prcnfnagkgltg glifrjfbcs

bg eulimclgs bg gsicatf y IFT.

f af vmstf bg su ifrjf ickpagtf

icl iuftrc Ymbgwmlbgr.

Af kfycrmf bg acs pmactcs irgmfl qug pcbmfl gvmtfr acs YFK sm rgi mn mfl

ulf fagrtf bg ul fvm5l icl GIK (Icltrfkgbmbfs Gagitr5lmifs) gl afs prc

xmkmbfbgs bg af icstf y vgmfl ga kms m!. Gstfs fbvgrtglimfs gstfnfl gl ul

imgrtc tmpc bg i5bmjc bg iccrbglfbfs bgsbg acs fvmclgs icl GIK, lcr

kfakgltg acs GF-9.

GM IL (ifpmtfl bg lfv mc) Ncyb ^gps`gr, rgtmrfbc, rgf amz5 97 6 km smclgs

gl ga surgstg fsmftmic ickc kmgknrc bga ]E- 6=2 gl 6=55 y bga ]E-> 66 gl

6=:>. Yu trfvgsmf bg 6=55 gl ga WYY Rmiclbgrcjf Mg bm c ul iclcimkmgl-tc mlrlgbmftc bg afs irgimgltgs bgeglsfs bg acs lcrvmgtlfkm tfs y af lgigs m-

bfb urjgltg bg icltrfkgbmbfs gegitmvfs. Af kmtfb bg acs Irusfbgr bga Faf

Fgrgf 6= lc bm spclmfl bg gqumpcs bg Icltrfkgbmbfs Gagitr5lmifs (GIK),

kmgltrfs qug acs qug afs tglmfl s564 b mspclmfl bg ul rgigptcr bg f agrtf bg

aflzfkmgltcs qug gkmtmf ul tclc iuflbc sg gliglbmf ga rfbfr bg bmrgii m5l

bga YF->. Lc `fnmf mlecrkfim5l bmrgiimclfa, pcr 64 qug ga pmactc lc pcbmf

sfngr b5lbg sg glicltrfnf af fkglfzf gl rg afim5l icl su fvm5l.

Burfltg fqugaaf trfvgsmf, acs E-0 eugrcl glvmfbcs f Ftsujm, Ofp5l, bcl

bg sg rgf amzfrcl fajulfs kcbm emifi mclgs fbm imclfags bg GIK gl af cpg

rfi m5lY`cg`crl .

Gl uatmkf mlstflimf, fa kglcs ul fv m5l bg rgfiim5l bgifbf sgii m5l (`fnmtuf ak gltg bcs E-0) bm spclm f bg GIK fitufamzfbfs.

"]c mltgltfnf iclsgjumr afs kmsmclgs bg RF^IFT-gamkmlfim5l bg af

frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf smgkprg qug pcbm f" , rgiugrbf ^gps`gr. "L ugstrf ku

lmim5l grf bg >4 kk, icl ul rgigptfiuac bg prcygitmags bgsp agjfnags bg

nfoc bg ifbf faf, bcs prcygitmags _ul m y bcs Ymbgwmlbgr gl ifbf feustg

bga eusg afog. GM _ulm grf ul frkf gstupglbf qug sg pcb mf icacifr oustc

faa m fnfoc gl af jfrjfltf bg a glgkm jc."

Acs Irusfbgr y acs Yhy`fwh gstfnagimgrcl ulf ic afncrfim5l ulmif icl

trf acs YFK nfoc af km sm5l jglgrf a icl ga lcknrg iafvg bg Mrcl @faab. Acs

F-2 icl k ms mags FJ K-27F Y`rmhg sc amfl jumfr f sus gsicatfs E0 gl acs ftf

qugs icltrf afs pcsmimclgs. Fqugaacs ftfqugs grfl gxtrgkfbfkgltg pg amjrcscs

yf qug bgspugs bg acs gx mtcs mlmimfags bg af Kfrmlf icl acs km smags sgjum

bcrgs bg `fz, acs ickulmstfs bgsiclgitfrcl sus rfbfrgs bg icltrca bg eug

jc, g mkpmbmgrcl bg gstf ec rkf iufaqumgr tmpc bg crmgltfim5l pfrf acs Y`rmhg.

Iuflbc acs F-2 bm spfrfnfl acs Y`rmhg, acs E-0 sc amfl sgjum r f acs km sm

ags o ustc `fimf fnfoc f afs pc

smimclgs, gspgrfnfl ga mkpfitc

bg acs km sm ags y augjc fnrmfl

eugjc icl sus iflclgs y icl

acs _ulm bg 6>,: gk, irgflbc

ul bgvfstfbcr mkpfitc ulc

bcs. Tgrc kui`cs E-0 suermg

rcl bfmmcs mk pcrtfltgs 4 nfofs

burfltg fqug aacs ftfqugs bg

gamkmlfim5l bg acs YFK. Lc

grf ulf kms m5l pfrf pusmaamlm

kgsc Acs YF-> grfl kms mags

bg 97 pmgs bg acljm tub icl

654 hj bg fatc gxpacs mvc gl

afs co mvfs bg icknftg. Af bg

tclfim5l f ul cs 54 kgtrcs bg

ul fvm5l supclmf lcrkfakgltg

ul bgrrmnc.



AFKMLFY GL ICAC^

E-YG NuL´ 674=>2 LT 649 bga IE @frcab a. Kfrr, IC bga UE->66, WYY @flicih, 6> bg oulmc bg

6=55

GM IE Kfrr utmamzc gstg E-0G pfrf flctfr acs prmkgrcs bg

rrmncs gl icknftg bga Irusfbgr (KmJ-M3) ga 6> bg oulmc bg

6=55. Tcstgrmcrkgltg gstg fv mcl eug bgrrmnfbc pcr af frtm aag-

rmf fltmfgrgf ga 5 bg citunrg bg 6=55 kmgltrfs prgstfnf sus

sgrvmimcs ickc F@->4 6 bga UE-65>8 su pmactc, ga II ^. B.

Agfi`, eug rgsiftfbc.

E-YG NuL´ 674944 LT 642 bga FL T`maamp U. Ufkpftgaaf, UE->66, WYY @flicih, >6 bg oulmc bg

6=55

GM FL Ufkpftgaaf eug ga pultc bg @fa Kfrr burfltg ga `ms

tcrmic icknftg fgrgc bga >6 bg oulmc bg 6=55 y rgjmstrc ga

sgjulbc bgrrmnc bg ul KmJ qug iclsmjumc ul E-0 fquga bmf.

GM fvmcl bg Ufkpftgaaf eug bgrrmnfbc pcr af frtmaagrmf fl-

tmfgrgf pcic bgspugs bg af fiimcl icltrf ga KmJ8 ctrf vgz kmgl

trfs prgstfnf sus sgrvmimcs icl ga UE -65> y aMgvflbc pugstc

ga kcbgx F@ >66 gl fquga kckgltf8 ga pmactc bga fvmcl bg

rgfiimcl, II B. F. Ugrmi`, eug rgsiftfbc. >7



>5

E-YG NuL´ 62=67= F@ >64 bga IE ^mi`frb K. Ngaamljgr, IC bga UE-65>, WYY Crmshfly,

= bg citunrg bg 6=55

Gaagjglbfrmc Bmih Ngaamljgr utmamzc gstg fv mcl bg rgfiimcl pf

rf iclsgjumr ga prmkgr bgrrmnc bg af Kfrmlf bg ul KmJ->6 ga

= bg ci tunrg bg 6=55. Fulqug aMgvfnf acs bm stmltmvcs rgjafkgl-

tfrmcs bga gsiufbrcl, gstg fvmcl lc aMgvfnf ga bmnuoc bg Ylccpy

igrif bg af pfrtg supgrmcr bga paflc bg bgrmvf , ickc sg pubc

fprgimfr gl vfrmcs fv mclgs bga UE-6 5> burfltg af trfvgsmf.

E-YG NuL´ 674556 LT 64> bga FL Ocsgp` K. Y`gf, UE->66, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb,

6= bg kfyc bg 6=5:

GM FL Y`gf, fsmjlfbc lcrkfa kgltg ickc pultc bga IE Tfua

Ypggr, pmactc ga LT 64> gl lukgrcsfs cifsmclgs burfltg af trf

vgsmf bg 6=5: . GM rgiugrbf qug acs pmltcrgs bga gsiufbrcl gs-

tuvmgrcl kuy ciupfbcs trfsafbflbc acs lukgrcs aftgrfags bg

ul afbc f ctrc pfrf fsgjurfrsg bg qug gM IC ]su pultc pmac

tfnfl acs fv mclgs icl kgoc r fspgitc.

E-YI NuL´ 62:46Y LT 22> bga IE Kfrmcl @. ^gb Msffihs, UE->2, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb,

>6 bg ouamc bg 6=5:

GM sgjulbc ogeg bga gsiufbrcl UE->2 IE ^gb Msffihs utm

amzc gstg fvmcl bg rgfiimcl pfrf bgrrmnfr ul KmJ-6 : g a > 6

bg ouamc bg 6=5: . Gstf ulmbfb rgf amzc lugvg bgspamgjugs bg

icknftg burfltg af jugrrf bg Um gtlfk, ci`c gl ga @fl-

icih y ulc gl ga Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb, y pgrbmc smgtg fv mc

lgs gl icknftg. Acs I`gihgr/fma utmamzfrcl acs Irusfbgr `fs

tf citunrg bg 6=:7 , iuflbc sg fitufamzfrcl icl ga E- 62F

Rckif t.



E-YG NuL´ 674Y7= LT 64: bga II ^fy J. Rmk @unnfrb, UE->66, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb,

>6 bg ouamc bg 6=5:

Rmk @unnfrb, ulc bg acs pmactcs bg acs E-Y kfs iclbgicrf

bcs bg af jugrrf bg Umgtlfk, sg gliugltrf gltrg acs pmactcs

bga Irusfbgr qug prcnfnagkgltg iclsmjumgrcl bcs bgrrmncs bg

KmJ, pgrc qug lulif vmgrcl iclemrkfbf af sgjulbf vmitcrmf.

Yu ulmic bgrrmnc cemimfakgltg rgiclcimbc (ul KmJ-6:) 64

iclsmjumc icl gstg fvmcl bg rgfiimcl ga >6 bg ouamc bg 6=5:.

E-YI NuL´ 625==> LT 22: bga II ^cngrt A. Hmrhwccb, UE->2, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb,

>6

bg ouamc bg 6=5:GM II Hmrhwccb utmamz5 gstg fvmcl bg rgfiimcl pfrf iclsg

jumr ga ulmic bgrrmnc iclemrkfbc bg ul KmJ scac icl acs if

lclgs qug sg rgiclcimc f acs E-Y. Gxmstg ulf imgrtf icleusmcl

icl rgafimcl f af mbgltmbfb gxfitf bg gstg Irusfbgr yf qug

ga lcknrg gl ga pfsfkflcs bg af iupuaf gs ga bg Ncnny Agg,

qug iclsmjumc ul bgrrmnc ga 6= bg kfyc bg 6=5: icl ga E

YI 625=YM. Tcr supugstc gs tctfakgltg pcsmnag qug Hmrh

wccb pmactfrf gstg Irusfbgr tfa y ickc gstfnf kfrifbc, icl

ga lcknrg bga rgspclsfnag bga bgrrmnc bg ctrc KmJ bga UE-

>2 icacifbc gl ga pfsfkflcs bg af iupuaf.

E-YG NuL´ 674Y:= F@ >42 bga II ^mi`frb G. Zykfl, UE-65>, WYY Crmshfly, 62 bg bmimgknrg

bg 6=5:

GM II Zykfl utmamzc gstg E-YG pfrf bgrrmnfr ul KmJ-6:

icl ul Ymbgwmlbgr bgspugs bg ulc bg acs glergltfkmgl

tcs fgrgcs kfs prcacljfbcs bg af jugrrf ga 62 bg bmimgk

nrg bg 6=5:. Gstf ulmbfb utmamzfnf ga kctmvc icl af gstrgaaf

fkfrmaaf y af nflbf lgjrf bmsglfbc pcr ga kmgknrc bga gs-

iufbrcl Nub Eafjj gl 6=57. Af fpamifimcl bg ul Ylccpy

bg Tgfluts f ackcs bg ul kmsma oustc pcr bgnfoc bg af pul

tf bga paflc bg bgrmvf sg ic acic icl ga pgrkmsc bga ifrm

ifturmstf I`frag s Yi`uatz, irgfbcr bg gstf pcpuafr tmrf

ickmif. >:



E-0@ NuLJ 620:64 La665 bga II acwgaa ^. Kccsg Kgygrs, UE-76, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb,

>5 bg oulmc bg 6=50

Gstg E-Y@, fulqug utmamzfbc pcr ga II Kccsg Kgygrs pf

rf bgrrmnfr su KmJ->6 ga >5 bg oulmc bg 6=57, aMgvfnf ga

lcknrg bga AROJ . H. KIIC] gl ga pfsfkflcs bg af iu

puaf, gstg uatmkc mlbmvmbuc iclsgjumrmf ul bgrrmnc sgms sg

kflfs bgspugs icl ga NuLº 62:=65 LE 64>. (Ugfsg af

maustrfimcl 62 .) GM bgrrmnc bg Kgygrs ctcrjc vmitcrmfs fa

UE-76 gl af MM Jugrrf Kulbmfa, gl Icrgf y gl Umgtlfk, y

afs trmpuafimclgs bga UE-76 fmmfbmrmfl ctrfs iuftrc vmitcrmfs

(tcbcs KmJ- 6:) pmactflbc acs E-2N bgsbg ga Icrfa Ygf gl

kfyc/oulmc bg 6=:>.

E-0G NuLJ 674=>5 LK 646 bga II Oc`l N. Lmi`cas MMM, UE-6=6, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb, = bgouamc bg 6=50

GM II Lmi`cas MMM utma mzc gstg E-YG ga = bg ouamc bg 6=57 pf

rf bgrrmnfr ul KmJ- 6: qug `fnmf rgfamzfbc ulc bg acs pcics

ftfqugs bmrgitcs bg acs qug sg tmglg iclstflimf icltrf ul ^E

Y burfltg ulf sfambf bg rgiclcimkmgltc gl ga crtg. GM Nu •

674=>5, rgkcbgafbc ickc ul E-Y) trfs af emlfamzfimcl bg af

trfvgsmf bg 6=57, bgsfpfrgimc gl ul pgriflig cpgrftmvc kmgl

trfs prgstfnf sus sgrvmimcs icl ga UE -6=2 f ncrbc bga Crms-

hlly ga >6 bg kfyc bg 6=5=.

E-0G NuLJ 67492= LE >49 bga II Juy Iflg,UE-79, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb, >= bg ouamc bg 6=50

Juy Iflg, fulqug sg Mg rgafimclf f kglubc ickc ick-

kflbgr gl ga kckgltc bga bgrrmnc bg su KmJ ga >= bg ou -

amc bg 6=5 0, fa mjufa qug ga II Kgygrs bga UE-76 , scac `fnmf

smbc sgagiimclfbc pfrf ga fsiglsc8 fa emlfa sg rgtmrc ickc if

pmtfl bg lfvmc. Ac s Mrcl Fljga smjumgrcl utmamzflbc acs Iru

sfbgr `fstf qug eugrcl bgsfrkfbcs gl glgrc bg 6=: 6.



E-0@ NuL´ 62:=65 LE 64> bga II Lcrkfl H. KiIcy, UE-76, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb, 6 bg

fjcstc bg 6=50

Afs mlecrkfimclgs kfs rgimgltgs sujmgrgl qug ga pmactc bga

KmJ->6 bgrrmnfbc pcr Lcrk KiIcy icl gstg E-Y@ ga M bg

fjcstc bg 6=57 grf ul fs lcrvmgtlfkmtf bg ci`c bgrrmncs. Gs

tg uatmkc scnrgvmvmc f su sfmtc pfrf fifnfr kurmglbc gl ick-

nftg gl af kflflf bga aCbg kfyc bg 6=:> iuflbc af trmpu

afimcl bg ul T`fltck MM bga UE-=> (II Iurt Bc sg y II Of

kgs KiBgvmtt icl ga E-2O NuL´ 67:>5= LJ >66), qug `fnmf

bgspgjfbc bga WYY Iclstgaaftmcl. ftfic y bgrrmnc f su KmJ.

E-0I NuL´ 625=56 FH 649 bga IIFlt`cly O. Lfrjm, UE-666, WYY Mltrgpmb, = bg sgptmgknrg bg 6=50

GM II Lfrjm utmamzc gstg fvmcl pfrf iclsgjumr ga uatmkc bgº

rrmnc iclemrkfbc bg acs E Y bg af jugrrf. Bgstfif af pfaf

nrf "R MJG^" (g a bmstmltmvc bg aMfkfbf bga II Ocg

R`ckpscl) pmltfbc gl naflic scnrg af nflbf rcof bg af ic

af y acs ifrfitgrgs rcocs "Ckfr" pcr glimkf bg af nflbf.

Fagx ^uihgr (ga pultc bg Lfrjm) bmsgmmc ga icbmjc bg icaf

FH mliamlfbc qug aMgvfrcl acs E-Y fsmjlfbcs fa Bgstfif

kgltc MM /IUZ 64 gl fqug aaf trfvgsmf. GMUE-MMM utmamzc

acs Irusfbgr kcbgacs I, B, G ] @ gl icknf tg scnrg

Umgtlfk.

E-YO NuL´ 674=44 LT 646 bga II Ogrry Ruihgr, UE->66, WYY @flicih, >9 bg kfyc bg 6=:>

Gstg fvmcl eug ga fpfrftc bg Ogrry Ruihgr (fulqug gstfnf

fsmjlfbc f su IC, IE Omk Bfvms8 vgfsg ga pfsfkflcs bg

af iupuaf) iuflbc ga acjrc ul kuy bmsiutmbc bgrrmnc lc

cemimfa ga >9 bg kfyc bg 6=:>8 su v8itmkf fnflbclc ga

KmJ-6: fltgs bg qug Ruihgr pubmgrf bmspfrfr ul kmsma. Fl-

tgs bg gstf uatmkf trfvgsmf bg af jugrrf, ga NuL´ 674=44

`fnmf gltrfbc gl icknftg tfltc gl 6=57 ickc ga LE >92,

ul kcbgac G icl ga UE-79 f ncrbc bga Rmiclbgrcjf, y pcs

tgrmcrkgltg ickc ga LE >4= f ncrbc bga @flicih bcs fmmcs

bgspugs . >=



E-YG NuL´ 674572 ZB 64: bga UKE(FZ)->6>, WYY Crmshfly, 6=57

Ac s Afligr eugrcl nmglvglmbcs f ncrbc bga Crmshfly iufl

bc sustmtuygrcl fa gsiufbrcl bg E-9 Bgkcl, acs I`frjgr

bga UE-656 , trfs su fituf amzfi mcl icl acs T`fltck MM gl

6=57- 6=55. Gstg gsiufbrcl bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf eug

bg acs prmkgrcs gl utmamzfr af ncknf Kh 02 bg =6> hj icl

ga Irusfbgr (ul frkf bg af gpcif bg af MM Jugrrf Kulbmfa,

qug fqum sg pugbg vgr mlstfafbf gl ga pmacl bga fvmcl bg rg-

fiimcl), bgkcstrflbc bg gstf ecrkf af prcbmjmcsf ifpfim

bfb bg trflspcrtg bga E-0G. Iuflbc ga ogeg bga Faf Fg rgf

65, IE Ofkgs Ytcihbfag, eug bgrrmnfbc gl sgptmgknrg bg

6=57, ga IC bg acs Aflig r. Rica. I`frags Aubbgl, sg icl

vmrtmc gl ga prmkgr fvmfbcr bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf gl kfl

bfr ga faf fgrgf bg ul pcrtffvmclgs bgsbg af MM Jugrrf

Kulbmfa.

E-YG NuL´ 674>=:ZR 9 bga UKE(FZ)->9>, KFJ-6>, Bf Lflj, 6=55

Acs ^gb Bgvma. ulc bg acs gsiufbrclgs kfs vgtgrflcs bg tc

bf af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf, sg iclvmrtmgrcl 'gl ulc bg acs bcs

ulmics UKE icl acs E-0 qug rgjrgsc f Umgtlfk bgspugs bg

fitufamzfrsg icl acs T`fltck MM. Gstf ulmbfb tfknmgl cntu

vc af bubcsf bm stmlimcl bg suermr af ulmif nfof iclemrkfbf

bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf ergltg f ul KmJ lcrvmgtlfkmtf

iuflbc ga E-2O NuL" 677 0 66 (trmpu afbc pcr ga II Y. J. Icr

bcvf -bgsfpfrgimbc gl icknftg- y ga II B. A. Ncrbgrs - rgs

iftfbc- ) eug bgrrmnfbc (prgsultfkgltg pcr ga fs bg sgms

bgrrmncs II Ljuygl Bui Ycft) ga >5 bg fjcstc bg 6=:>.

E-YG NuL´ 62=>42 BN 5 bga UKE(FZ)->97, KFJ-6>, Bf Lflj, 6=5:

GM UKE(FZ)->97 lc sc ac eug ga kfs rgiclcimnag bg tcbcs

acs gsiufbrclgs bg Irusfbgr jrfimfs f af fbcpimcl bg acs

prckmlgltgs bm stmltmvcs rcocs tfi`clfbcs bg gstrgaafs, s mlc

qug tfknmgl eug af ulmbfb bg E-0 kfs fi tmvf bg acs iuga/csbg iugrc (Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf) icl nfsg gl tmgrrf. Acs fvmc

lg s bga UKE(FZ)->97 smgkprg pfrgimfl sgr acs E-0 kfs su

imcs bga tgftrc bg cpgrfimclgs, f ouzjfr pcr af s ectcjrfemfs

gl icacr bg af gpcif tckfbfs gl Bf Lf lj gl 6=5:-6=508

afs ifmmclgrfs y acs eusgafogs gstfnfl Maglcs bg kujrg, 64 qug

mkpamifnf ulf utmamzfimcl iclstfltg. FM emlfa bg su uatmkc

bgspamgjug gl 6=50, acs Irusfbgr bg acs Bgft` Fljga sg `fnmfl jflfbc ul bgsiflsc. Fulqug gstg gsiufbrcl sg fi

tufam zc icl acs E-2O pcstgrmcrkglt g fquga km skc fmmc y

lulif rgjrgsc f Umgtlfk.



CE-04 NuL´ 629:90 WG 6 bga UI-7, Cf Lflj, 6=57

Gstcs Irusfbgr, icl bmstmltmvcs pcic `fnmtufags, frrfstrfrcl

naflics y bmflfs icltrcafbfs bgsbg Bf Lflj y I`u Afm8 ga

Gsiufbrcl Kmxtc 7 bg af eactf utmamzc kcbgacs bg ifsm tcbfs

afs vfrmfltgs bg acs Irusfbgr `fstf 6=:4. Gstf ulmbfb pgr-

kflgimc gl ga Tfimemic ickc g iufbrcl ftfifltg bg zclf,

utmamzflbc acs F-2G bgsbg afs msafs Emampmlfs (fsm ickc `gam

icptgrcs Y@-9B gl eulimcl bg utmamtfrmcs) `fstf qug sg bmscavmc

gl 6==>.

E-04 NuL´ 6205:9 LA 269 bga UE-672, WYY Icrfa Ygf, 6=57

Ac s Nafih Hlmj`t rgfamzfrcl kui`fs bg afs prmkgrfs mliur

smclgs icltrf Umgtlfk bga Lcrtg, y pgbmgrcl sgms fvmclgs gl

trg ga MM bg egnrgrc y ga 62 bg citunrg bg 6=57. GM pgluatmkc

Irusfbgr qug sg iafsmemic ickc pgrbmbc eug gstg Bgatf, qug

sg gstrgaac ga = bg kfyc bg 6=57 y prcvcic af kugrtg bga

pmactc, II B. F. Hfrbg aa. F pgsfr bg fitufamzfrsg rfpmbfkgltg

icl acs E-2N y bg rgfamzfr pcstgrmcrkgltg ctrcs sgms bgs-

pamgjugs bg icknftg, ga UE-672 emlfamzc ga icleamitc ickc

ulc bg acs pcics gsiufbrclgs UE qug lc iclsmjumc ga bgrrm

nc bg lmljul KmJ. Rrfs pfsfrsg f acs E- 62F f emlfags bg

6=09, gstg gsiufbrcl tcbfvmf scnrgvmvg `cy gl bmf ickc af

ulmif ulmbfb bg Rckift fsmjlfbf bg ecrkf pgrrlflgltg f af

zclf fgrgf bga Tfimemic y aagvf gl bgspamgjug fvflzfbc icl

ga IUZ-7 gl Ofpcl bgsbg 6==6.

E-0G NuL´6206:0 LE 646 bga IE Ofkgs Ytcihbfag, IC bgMUE-76, WYY Rmiclbgrcjf, fjcstc bg 6=52

Gstg eug ga Irusfbgr utmamzfbc pcr ga IE Ytcihbfag burfltg

64 prmkgrcs ftfqugs gstfbculmbglsgs icltrf afs nfsgs lcr

vmgtlfkmtfs gl ga vgrflc bg 6=52. Ytcihbfag sg iclvmrtmc gl

ulc bg acs pgrsclfogs agjglbfrmcs bg af jugrrf y suermc ci`c

fmmcs bg ul iclemlfkmg ltc mlegrlfa bgspugs bg sgr ifpturf

bc ga = bg sgptmgknrg bg 6=57. ^gimnmc af Kgbfaaf bg @c-

lcr burfltg fquga tgrrmnag pgrmcbc y, gl uatmkf mlstflimf, sg

rgtmrc ickc vmigfakmrfltg (trgs gstrgaafs). Yml gknfrjc, iufl

bc gstfnf fsmjlfbc fa E-0G LE 64 M, tcbc gstc gstfnf pcr

vglmr kmgltrfs vcafnf f tcbf vg acimbfb scnrg afs mlstfafimc

lgs icstgrfs ickulmstfs pfrf vgljfrsg bg acs ftfqugs bg afs

afli`fs tcrpgbgrfs f acs bgstruitcrgs gstfbculmbglsgs. 96



9>

E-YI NuL´ 625=== F@ 645 bga II Bmih Yi`feegrt, UE-666 , WYY Crmshfly, 62 bg bmimgknrg bg 6=5:

GM II Yi`feegrt aui`5 pcr su vmbf icl gstg E-0I burfltg ul

erglgtmic glergltfkmgltc ga 62 bg bmimgknrg bg 6=5:8 gstg Yul-

bcwlgr rgimnm5 ulf Iruz bg Uugac Bmstmljumbc pcr su bgimbm-

bf bgeglsf bg su gsiufbrmaaf bg F-2 icltrf ul laamlgrc fnru

kfbcrfkgltg supgrmcr. Tcstgrmcrrlgltg pmact5 acs T`fltck lfl-

tgs bg rgtmrfrsg icl af jrfbufim5l bg ifpmtfl bg lfvmc.

E-YO NuL´ 62=>64 LT 66> bga II ^mih Fkngr, UE->66, WYY @flicih, glgrc bg 6=:6

GM II Fkngr aagvfnf af kmtfb bga bgspamgjug bg icknftg

bg 6=:6 bga I]Z->6 iuflbc suerm5 ul bgsfstrcsc jcapg gl

af rfkpf qug Mg bgo5 pfrfamzfbc. F pgsfr bg su mlifpfimbfb,

emsmif ^mih Fkngr bgsfrrc6a5 ulf fitmvf ifrrgrf imvma pcr af

iufa eug ulmvgrsfakgltg fbkmrfbc trfs `fngr smbc bgiafrf

bc lc fptc pcr af Kfrmlf. Kurm5 gl 6==:.

E-YG NuL´ 62=6== LE >66 bga II Ogrry F. Zgngr, UE-79, WYY Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb, 6=5:

Gstg fvm5l , qug eug pmactfbc pcr ga II Zgngr gl kui`fskmsmclgs burfltg af trfvgsmf bg 6=5:. Rfknmgl `fnmf ick

pagtfbc ul pgrmcbc bg sgrvmimc fltgrmcr icl ga UE->66 ic

kc ga LT 644 . Ogrry Zgngr prgst5 sus sgrvmimcs

pcstgrmcrkgltg ickc cemimfa bg RF^ (alstruiim5l, Fbkmlmstrfim5l , ^gsgrvf) icl ga UET-945, fa kflbc bg acs

^E-0J bgsbg af Nfsg Fgrclfvfa bg Zfs`mljtcl gl af bg

ifbf bg acs fmmcs sgtgltf. Yg rgtmr5 ickc ifpmtfl bg lfvmc.



GM FL T`ma Ufkpftgaaf bga UE->66

f ncrbc bga WYY @flicih.

Icl ga gqumpc bg vugac ickpagtc,

gx`mng ga pfri`g bg su gsiufbrcl

y ga kfi`gtg pgrsclfa. Bgstfifl

afs vfrmfs icrrgfs pfrf ga ifnag

bga kmirceclc y af prfitmif

`fnmtufa bg aMgvfr af kfsifrf

bg cxmjglc F-69F gl af imltf

bgrgi`f bga ftf afog. GM ftfafog

supgrmcr bga tcrsc tfknmgl tmglg

bmspcsmtmvcs bg bgsprglbmkmgltc

rfpmbc, qug iclgitfnfl ga ftfafog

fa fsmgltc bg gxpuasmcl y fa

pfrfifmbfs. Aagvfnfl nctclgs gl

acs bcs afbcs, qug tgl fl qug sgr

prgsmclfbcs bg ecrkf smkuatimlgf

pfrf scatfr fa pmact c bgapfrfifmbfs. Bgstfif ga flmaac

gl U pcr bgnfoc bga b m s p c s m t m v ~bg bgsprglbmkmgltc rfpmbc gl ga

`cknrc bgrgi`c bg Ufkpftgaaf.

GM IE Ofkgs N. Ytcihbfag, IC

bga UE-76, qug lfvgjfnf gl ga

WYY Rmiclbgrcjf, kflbc acs

prmkgrcs ftfqugs bg rgprgsfamf

gl fjcstc bg 6=52. Wl flf

bgspugs, eug bgrrmnfbc, ickc ogtg

bga Faf Fgrgf IUZ-65 bga WYY

Crmshfly, icl ul F-2 y ickglzc

ci`c flcs ickc prmsmclgrc bg

jugrrf. Fulqug afs ectcjrfemfs

tckfbfs Mg kugstrfl icl ga

ulmecrkg bg ifkueafog, sg trftfnf

bg su pgrmcbc ickc ogtg bga

IUZ-65 f ncrbc bga Crmshfly.

Ytcihbfag aMgvf pugstc ga

ulmecrkg bg vugac rgjmfkgltfrmc,scnrg ga qug sg `f foustfbc ul

i`fagic sfavfvmbfs YU->, ga ftfafog

bga tcrsc, ga sfavfvmbfs bg imlturf

y ga Kh-> fltm-J.

GM IE Bmih Ngaamljgr, IC bgMUE-65>,

f ncrbc bga WYY Crmshfly

gl citunrg bg 6=55. Ngaamljgr sg

glicltrfnf gltrg acs pmactcs

bg ifzf kfs vgtgrflcs qug

iclsmjumgrcl ga bgrrmnc bg ul KmJ.

Yu vmitcrmf eug af prmkgrf

bg af Kfrmlf icltrf ul KmJ->6 .

Ngaamljgr aMgvfnf pugstfs

lcrkfakgltg afs prglbfs bg

ifkueafog, ulmecrkgs bg bcs

pmgzfs (lc vgrbfbgrcs ulmecrkgs

bg vugac) fscimfbcs f vfrmfs

jglgrfimclgs bg fvmfbcrgs

fltgrmcrgs f af jugrrf. Ycnrg gstfs

prglbfs aMgvf pugstc ga

Kh-> (fltm-J) rgjafkgltfrmc,

ga ftfafog bga tcrsc KF-> y ul

sfavfvmbfs bg imlturf Kh-9I .

Afs nctfs pfrf af sgavf gl bcs

tclcs lc scl rgjafkgltfrmfs.Fulqug icl af ifngzf bgsiunmgrtf,

acs ifsics bg acs pmactcs bg acs

UE-65> tglmfl ul aMfkftmvc bmsglc

icl ulf gstrgaaf fkfrmaaf y lgjrf. 99



92

GM II ^mi`frb Yi`feegrt bg6UE-666,

f ncrbc bga WYY Crmshfly, gl

bmimgknrg bg 6=5:. Gl 64 qug sg

iclvmrtmc gl ulc bg acs

glergltfkmgltcs fgrgcs kfsprcacljfbcs bg af jugrrf

bg Umgtlfk, Yi`feegrt gltfnac

ulf ifsm agjglbfrmf bgeglsf

mlbmvmbufa icltrf ulf gsiufbrmaaf

bg KmJ-6:, pmactfbcs bg ecllf

fjrgsmvf, qug ftfic ul jrupc bg

F-2. Bgstfif af ifkfrf bg 97 kk

bg Yi`feegrt, qug aMgvfnfl acs

fvmfbcrgs lfvfags f pgtmimcl bga

bgpfrtfkgltc bg mltgamjglimf bga

nuqug. Wlcs iufltcs pmactcs sg

tckfrcl gl sgrmc ga glifrjc bgacemimfa bg mltgamjglimf, pgrc ctrcs

bmspfrfnfl ga ifrrgtg iuflbc sg

fnurrmfl.

GM Ifp. Tgtgr BrfxZmammfks bga

UKE(FZ)->97 gl Bf Lflj gl

6=50. Kmgltrfs qug acs pmactcs bg

acs Irusfbgr icl nfsg gl acs

pcrtffvmclgs bg af Kfrmlf

ifzfnfl f acs KmJ, acs E-0 bg afMlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf icl nfsg gl

tmgrrf sg kfltglmfl emgags f sus

`gllflcs bg tmgrrf,

prcpcrimclflbcags fpcyc fgrgc

prcxmkc sgjul sus lgigsmbfbgs

icl acs _ulm bg 6>,: ik y afs

glcllgs ncknfs bg `mgrrc Kh 02 GM II Bubagy Kccrg bgMUE-6=2

bg =6> hj. BrfxZmaamfks, qug

kugstrf ul glcllg nmjctg, grf

kmgknrc bga qug aMgjc f sgr ga

gsiufbrcl bg E-0 bg af Mlefltgrmf

bg Kfrmlf kfs iclcimbc glfjcstc bg 6=5:. Yg rgtmrc ickc

jglgrfa bg bmvmsmcl gl 6==:,

smglbc ulc bg acs uatmkcs

fvmfbcrgs bg jrfbufimcl supgr mcr

bg acs Irusfbgr bg acs iugaacs bg

iugrc tcbfvmf gl sgrvmimc fitmvc.

BrfxZmaamfks, qug aMgvf ul

ulmecllg bg vugac mbgltmic fa bg

sus `gllflcs bg af Kfrmlf

rgprgsgltfbcs gl gstfs

maustrfimclgs bg pgrsclfogs,

tfknmgl bmspclg bg ulf amltgkfgl fljuac rgjafkgltfrmf qug

iugajf bg su i`fagic sfavfvmbfs

YU->.

icl ul ulmecllg bg vugac lfrflof

fltgrmcr fa bgspamgjug gl af Nfsg

Fgrclfvfa bg Kmrfkfr, Ifameckmf,

gltrg trfvgsmf y trfvgsmf f ncrbc

bga WYY Rmiclbgrcjf gl 6=55-6=5:. Bgstfifl afs nctfs fatfs

kfrrclgs bg vugac, af eulbf bg af

pmstcaf fa `cknrc y afs imltfs 4

suogimclgs pfrf afs pmgkfs

(" amjfs"), ul gagkgltc bg acs

fsmgltcs bg Kfrtml-Nfhgr

utmamzfbc gl acs E-2 y gl acs E-0

bga pgrmcbc bg Umgtlfk. GM icacr

fzua 4 naflic smjlmemifnf bclbg

sg icacifnf af imltf mlbmvmbufa.

Bgspugs bg icacifrsg gl ga

fsmgltc aflzfnag, ga pmactc scamfftfr ul ifnag afrjc iunmgrtc bg

tgaf gl af pfrtg mlegrmcr cpugstf

bga fsmgltc bg kgtfa.



9

6

GM UE-666 tuvc ulf fogtrgfbf

trfvgsmf gl 6=55 f ncrbc bga WYY

Crmshfly. Kmgltrfs ga tmrfbcr tcif af

iunmgrtf, gstg Irusfbgr bg acs

Yulbcwlgr gstf prgpfrfbc pfrf mr

vcaflbc f vmsmtfr fa kmlmstrc bg

Bgeglsf ^cngrt KiLfkfrf. Bcs

sgkflfs bgspugs af iunmgrtf bg

vugac qugbfrmf gljuaambf pcr ga`ukc y afs aafkfs bga gspfltcsc

mliglbmc f ncrbc bga nuqug qug

fegitc fa IUF-92 ga >0 bg citunrg.

>

Icl tcbc ga fspgitc bga glcrkg

y burc pmactc bg ifzf qug grf, ga IE

Ngaamljgr sfag bg su E-YG bgspugs

bg ulf kmsmcl gl sgptmgknrg

bg 6=55. FM mjufa qug kui`cs ctrcs

fvmfbcrgs bg fquga pgrmcbc y

fqugaaf zclf, aMgvf ga ulmecrkg

bg ifkueafog bg bcs pmgzfs qugiclsmjumc bga Gogrimtc bg Rmgrrf.

9

Wl E-YG bga UKE(FZ)->97 kugstrf

sus bmstmltmvcs icacrmstfs y ulf

iclsmbgrfnag ifrjf bg kftgrmfa

gxpacsmvc qug mliaumf prcygitmags

_ulm y ncknfs bg `mgrrc.

Gvmbgltgkgltg, gstg fvmcl `f

pfrtmimpfbc gl kui`cs icknftgs,

ickc 64 bgkugstrfl sus ifmmclgrfs

gllgjrgimbfs y af pfrtg mlegrmcr bga

eusgafog suimf. Tcr bgtrfs bg gstg

Irusfbgr sg pugbg cnsgrvfr af

fnfrrctfbf amlgf bg vugac bg Bf

Lflj, icl afs icafs bg acs GE-64

y acs E-2 vmsmnags. Oustc f af bgrgi`f

(gl af ectcjrfemf) `fy ul F-5.

97



2

GM pgrsclfa icacif ul E-YC bg6UE-666 f ncrbc bga WYY Kmbwfy gl ga vgrflc bg 6=57. (LKLF)

7

Gstg E-Y@ bga UE-76 gstf smtufbc gl af zclf aftgrfa prgpfrfbc pfrf ga bgspgjug.

5

Aagjfr f ncrbc. Wl E-YO bga UE->2 sg bmrmjg `fimf af iunmgrtf bg vugac bga @flicih burfltg afs fitmvmbfbgs bg

6=:6 .

95 5



ACY FWRC^GY BG ACY

BG^^MNCY BG ACY KmJ

Tfrf ul pmactc bg ifzf, af prugnf bgemlmtmvf y su cno gtm vc grfl ulc?glerg lt frsg f ctrc pmactc bg ifzf glgkm jc y bgrrmnfrag. Wlf vgz gs

suemimgltg pfrf bgkcstrfr af bgstrgzf y ga tgkpag prcpmcs, km gl

trfs qug kui`cs bgrrmncs smrvgl pfrf fbcrlfr ef efref. Af jugrrf g l ga su

rgstg fsmftmif lc eug ulf jugr rf bg glergltfkm gltcs fgrgcs ickc fajulfs

pfrtgs bg af MM Jugr rf Kulbmfa 4 bg af jugr rf bg Icrgf . Bg `gi`c, lmljul

icleam itc (icl afs pcs mna gs gxigpimclgs bg af jugrrf Frfng-M srfg am bg 6=:9

y af jugrrf bga Wn flc bg 6=0>) sg `fl fprcxmkfbc f fqugaQcs prmkgrcs

icknftgs icl af mltglsmbfb bg sus rgspgi tmvfs jugrrfs gl ga fmrg.

Af jugrrf fgrgf gl Um gtlfk tuvc bcs pgrm cbcs bm eg rglimfbcs bg fitm vm

bfb mltglsf? 6=55- 6=50 y acs prmkgrcs sgms kgsgs bg 6=:>. @unc kui`fs

rfzclgs pfrf gstcs gliugltrcs gspcrfbmics gltrg acs ifzfs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs

y acs gstfbculmbglsgs, pgrc bcs gl pfrtmiua fr iclecrkfrcl acs glergltf

km gltcs fg rgcs qug tu vmgrcl aujfr. Gl prmkgr aujfr, g a prcpm c tfkflc bg

af UTFE lc efvc rgimf acs jrf lbgs glergltfkm gltcs gltrg eu grzfs bg ifzf

fbvg rsfrmfs8 acs lcrv mgtlfkmtfs mltgltfrcl bm spclgr burfltg af prmkgrf km

tfb bg af jugrrf bg fajc kfs bg >4 f 94 ml tgrigptfbcrgs gl ul kckgltc

bfbc pfrf utmamzf racs icltrf acs jrflbgs ftfqugs crjflm zfbcs pcr af Eugr

zf Fgrgf y af Kfrmlf bg GG WW. Yml gknfrjc, gl 6=:4 af eu grzf bg ifzf

bg af UTFE `fnmf irgimbc iclsmbgrfnagkgltg y sukfnf, sgjWl bmvgrsfs eugl

tgs, kfs bg >74 Km J bg bmvg rscs kcbgacs? KmJ-6 :, KmJ-6 = ] Km J-> 6.

Gl sgjulbc aujfr, acs rgiurscs fgrgcs bg GG WW gl ga tgftrc bg cpgrf

imclgs tgl f l qug icknftmr bg fiugrbc icl afs lcrkfs bg mltgrvglimcl fu

tcmkpugstfs y gstfna gi mbfs pcr acs pcamtmics bg Zfs`mljtcl qu g, ickc su

vg rsmcl fltgrmcr bg Icrgf, ftfrcl bg pmgs y kflcs y eru strfrcl f kui`cs

pmactcs gstfbcul mbglsgs qug `fnrmfl pgrsgjumbc glifltfbcs f sus fbvgr

sfrmcs f trfvgs bg afs ercltgrfs y scnrg acs na flics sglsmna gs.

GMifzf E-0 pcb mf prciQfkfr sgr ga uatmkc ifzf kclcpa fzf bga sgrvmimc lf

vf a bg supgrmcrmbf b fgrgf frk fbc icl iflclgs. GM T` fltck E-2 MM , fulqug

bg ku i`c gxmtc, aMgvf nf ul frkfkgltc

gltgrfkgltg ickpugstc bg km smags ic

kc rgsuatfbc bg ulf bgi msmcl gl af

bgifbf bg acs flcs imliugltf bg rgtm

rfr acs iflclgs gl efvcr bg acs km sm

ags fmrg-fmrg kfs sc em stmifbcs. GM

T`fltck 66 , crmj mlf akgltg kclcpa f

zf, flfbm c ctrc trmpuafltg (ga Cemimfa

bg Mltgrigptfimcl bga ^fbfr - ^MC-)

pfrf icltrcafr ga smstgkf bg rfbfr. Gl

uatmkf ml stflimf, af prmlimpfa icltrm

nuimcl bg acs ^MC fa icligptc bga

T` fltck MM rgsuatc sgr smkpagkgltg

ctrc pfr bg cocs `ukflcs pfrf fyubfr

f a pma ctc gl acs gle rg lt fkm gltcs

Acs rgspclsfnags bg acs bgrrmncs

bg acs KmJ bg af Kfrmlf y bg af

Eugrzf Fgrgf sg famlgfl pfrf gstf

ectcjrfemf fa emlfa bg af trfvgsmf

bg 6=5: bga Ncllmg Bmih. rgpagtf

bg gxmtcs pgrc icstcsf. GM gtg.

Ofkgs F. @frjrcvg bg af Eugrzf

Fgrgf bg GG WW eug kmgknrc

bg af paflf kfycr bg glafig trfs

`fngr bgrrmnfbc prgvmfkgltg ul

KmJ-6: kmgltrfs pmactfnf ul

E-2I icl af 955 REZ (Faf Rfitmif

bg Ifzf) ga 62 bg kfyc bg 6=5:8

ga iclsmjumc su bgrrmnc utmamzflbc

ulf ifmmclgrf YWW-65 bg >4 kk

bgspugs bg `fngr bmspfrfbc acs

Ymbgwmlbgr y acs Ypfrrcw icltrf

ctrcs trgs KmJ qug fkglfzfnfl f

ulf pfrgof bg E-64Y . GM IIRgb

Ywfrtz bga UF-:5 bgrrmnC ul KmJ-6:

icl acs _ulm bgsbg su F-2I. ga ulmic

bgrrmnc bg gstg tmpc bg af jugrrf.

Acs rgstfltgs rgspclsfnags bg acs

bgrrmncs bg acs KmJ icl acs E-0 scl .

bg mzqumgrbf f bgrgi`f. Tfua Ypggr.

K . C.Zrmj`t. Ocg Y`gf. Ncnny Agg

y T`ma Zccb .

i -

cI /)

?t<I- mc??MO

rlI /)

crl

i -

cI /)

crl??MO

??MO

CO

cI /)

crl

i

CI /)

9:



cuz

u

c- '?? O

e-f...«u

fgrgcs. Lc eu g `fstf g a bgsfrrc aac bga E-62 Rckift bg Jrukkfl iuflbc acs

pmactcs rgfakgltg lgigsmtfrcl ul trmpuafltg gspgimem ic y gspgimfakgltg fbm gs

trfbc bgtrfs bg gaacs pfrf kflgofr ga rfbfr bga frkfkgltc y aMgvfr f ifnc

icl gxmtc afs km smclgs bg bgeglsf bg af eactf.

Km gltrfs qug acs T`fltck MM bg af Kfrmlf sukfrcl 95 Km J ]bcs fvmc

lgs bg trflspcrtg Fl-> Ic at y af Mlefltgr mf bg Kfrmlf iclsmjumc ul KmJ

ic l ul E-2, f acs E-0 sg ags rgiclci mgrcl cemi mfakgltg 60 bgrrmncs icl

emrkfbcs bg KmJ y ul bgrrmnc iclemrkfbc cifsmclfa gl 6=:>. Gl gstg ua

tmkc mli mbgltg pfrtmimpc ga pm actc bg ul KmJ- 6: qug sfmtc gl pfrfif mbfs

bgsbg su ifzf iuflbc sg fprcx mk frcl bcs E-0.

^gsuatf mltgrgsfltg bgs tfif r qug tcbcs acs bgrrmncs c em imfags bg acs Iru

sfbgr aMgjf rcl gl ul pgrmcbc rg af tmvfkgltg icrtc bg bcs fmmcs yf qug bgs

pugs bg af uatmkf flctfi mcl ga 6= bg sgptmgknrg bg 6=50 , acs pmactcs bg

acs E-0 pfsf rcl acs trgs uatmkcs f mmcs bg af jugrrf rgf amzflbc sfambfs bg

ftfqug tgrrgstrg, icl cifs mclfags vugacs bg gsic atf bg ncknfrbgrcs. Acs

pmactcs bg acs E-0 tgl mfl qug pgrkflgigr mlvfrmfnagkgltg icl acs nck

nf rbgrcs mliMusc iuflbc acs Km J fpfrgi mfl gl su zclf.

GM pcbgrc sc T`fltck MM pcbm f aM gvfr kfs ncknfs qug ga E-0, fbgkfs bg

su ifrjf rgjuafr bg km smags Ymbgw mlbgr y Ypfrrcw, y `fnmf fs ukmbc su aujfr

crmj mlfa ickc prmlimpfa ifzf bg af eactf kmgltrfs af jugrrf icnrfnf ifbf vgz

kfs eugrzf. Bg gs tf ecrkf, acs pmactcs bg acs E-0, fulqug frk fbcs y prgpf

rfbcs pfrf glergltfrsg f acs KmJ lcrvmgtlfkmtfs, sg glicltrfrcl supamiflbc

ulf cpcrtulmbfb pfrf mr f pcr acs KmJ. Tgrc , gl su pgrmcbc, acs pmactcs bg

acs E-0 eugrcl acs prmli mpfags gamkmlfbcrgs bga kftgrmfa fgrgc ickulmstf.

GM Irusfbgr fnrmc su `cof bg flctfi mclgs g a 6> bg oulmc bg 6=55 iufl

bc g a IE @frcab A. Kfr r, cemimfa fa kflbc bga ]E-> 66, bgrrmnc ul KmJ- 6:

km gltrfs rgf amzfnf ulf gsic atf pfrf g a ftfqug bg ul F-2 . Kfrr, su pultc

(F T`ma ]fkpftgaaf) y ctrf sgii mcl bg bcs E-0 bga ]E- >2 kflbfbf pcr

g a II Ergb ^m i`frbscl - ulc bg acs pcics fvmfbcrgs lgj rcs bg af Kfrmlf

gl fqug aaf gpcif- sg kfltglmfl f 6.744 pmgs pcr bgnfoc bg afs lungs kmgl

trfs cnsgrvfnfl ic kc acs Yhy`fwh bga ]F-> 6> y bg a ]F-> 65 rgf amzfnfl

sus pfsfbfs. Iuflbc acs ncknfrbgrcs fnflbclfrcl ga naflic y sg rgulmgrcl

icl sus gsic atfs, ]fkpftg aaf ml ecrkc bg ulcs KmJ qug sg fprcx mkfnfl

pcr bgtrfs, gl af pcs mi mcl bg afs smgtg gl pultc. Acs iuftrc Km J sg gl

icltrfnfl f ulcs >.444 pmgs. GM IE Kfrr bgsi rmnmc fs m ga icknftg?

"Fvf lzfkcs rfpmbfkgltg `fimf g aacs y g a icknftg ickglzc. Bcs KmJ

GM IE @fa Kfrr rgjrgsf bg af kmsm5l

gl af qug bgrrmn5 ul KmJ icl ga

LT 6498 su ku y bgicrfbc ifsic

naflic tmglg iufbrcs rcocs pfrf

`figr `clcr fa fpcbc bga UE->66 ,

acs I`gihkftg.



GM II Jglg I`fliy sg smgltf

gl su E-YG . Fulqug iclsmjumc

ga tgrigr bgrrmnc cemimfa bg ul KmJ

bg af jugrrf, af iclemrrlfimcl

y af firgbmtfimcl tfrbfrcl kui`c

tmgkpc gl aMgjfr.

sg sgpfrfrcl y lcsc trcs pfsf kcs f ac s c trcs bcs bg ergltg. ]c bmspfrg ul f

l'tefjf icrtf bg iflcl icltrf ul Km J, kfs pcr bfrkg vf acr qug pcr ctrf

icsf, sm kpagkgltg pfrf gsiui`fr sclfr km s iuftrc iflclgs .

" mnfkcs f 274 lubcs icl smgtg u ci`c J y bmkcs af vugatf nrusifkgltg

f af bgrgi`f gl ulfs fnruptfs tmog rfs . ]c ic lsgjum ul bm spfrc bg iflcl icl

ul f bgea gii mcl bg =4´, pgrc kms iflclgs ef aafrcl bg lugvc y T`ma eug f

pcr ulc y yc f pcr ga ctrc.

" Gltcligs gstfnf f >. 744 pm gs f afs ci`c gl pultc y ga KmJ sg glicl-

trfnf fnfoc f ul cs 6.744 pm gs, sml lmljul aujfr f bclbg mr. ]c bm spfrg g a prm

kgrc bg km s bcs Ymbgwmlbgr, pgrc ga km s ma lc pubc sgjumrac y ifyc f tmgrrf.

"G M KmJ `fnm f mbc f tcpg burfltg iuftrc 4 imlic kmlutcs y gstfnf kuy

nfoc bg icknustmnag, fsm qug sg nfafli gc y sg bmrmjmc bmrgi tfkgltg `fi mf

su nfsg. ]c kg ic acqug bgtrfs, icl icknustmnag bmspclmnag, y kg figrqug

f 744 lubcs . F 044 kgtrcs bmspfrg km uatmkc Zmlbgr, y gstg igriglc su

ic af y ga faf bgrgi `f. Yg tfknfagc bg afbc f afbc. GM pcnrg pmactc lc tu

vc lm ljul f cpcrtulmbfb bg sf atfr."

Acs bcs KmJ f acs qug sg glergltfrc l Kfrr y Ufkpftg aaf gstfnfl amk

pmcs gxtgrlfkglt g, s ml km smags lm bgpcs mtcs bg icknu stmna g gl afs f afs. Wl

KmJ grf tcbc icacr pa ftf y g a ctrc j rm s8 acs bcs KmJ- 6: aMgvfnfl gstrg aafs

rcofs gl afs pultfs supg rmcrgs bg afs f afs y bmstmltmvcs fkfrmaacs gl ga eu -

sg afo g pcr bgtrfs bg afs fafs .

Kfrr fpultc su eu gjc bg iflcl mlmimf akgltg (fprcx mkfbfkgltg 674

prcygitmags) icltrf ga Km J paftgfbc, qug pfrgimf sgr ga ogeg bg af ulmbfb.

Tu gbg qug g a prmkgr F MK -= B Ymbgwmlbgr sg bmrmjmgrf scnrg ul rgea goc bg

afs lungs fltgs bg ifgr pcr af bgrgi`f. GM bm spfrc rgf a kgltg ga sgjulbc

Ymbgwmlbgr f 2 .744 pmgs, f 044 kgtrcs pcr bgtrfs bga KmJ, qug sg gstrg-

664 gl afs prcxmkmbfbgs bg ulf imubfb pgquglf f af crmaaf bg ul rm c.

GM sgj ulbc KmJ `fn mf smbc g a naflic bga II Ergb ^m i`frbsc l, bga

UE->2, qug `fnmf bmspfrfbc acs bcs Y mbgwmlbgr, pgrc ef aac. Yu pul tc, ga

FL Bglm s I. Bueey Or. , tfknmgl bm spfrc ul Ymb gwmlbgr icltrf g a Km J jrms

qug sg rgtcrimf, pgrc f ulqug gstg km s ma pfrgimf iclvglm gltgkgltg jumfbc,

lc iclsmjum c aM gjfr fa naflic fltgs bg ifg r.

Rrfs `fngr bgrrmnfbc fa ogeg bg acs KmJ, ga IE Kfrr vm c f ctrcs bcs

Km J- 6: vcaflbc gl imriu ac scnrg ga f afs lugvg gl pultc, ul c jrms y g a

ctrc icl ga ifkueafo g kfrrcl vgrbcsc, qug sg vmc cifs mclfakgltg burfltg

af jugrrf. GM fsiglbmc f 5. 444 pm gs y sg glergltc f gstf sgjulbf pfrgof bg

Km J, bm spfrflbc >7-94 prcygitmags bg

iflcl. Umc qug fajulcs erfjkgltcs

sfatfnfl bga faf bgrgi`f bg ulc bg acs

Km J, pgrc sg qugbc rfpmbfkgltg sml

kulmimcl y tu vc qug fagofrsg, pcr 64

qug rgiafkc sc ac ul c prcnfna g.

Ymgkprg `f `fnmbc ulf imgrtf ml

igrtmbuknrg scnrg g a sgjulbc bgrrmnc

prcnfna g bga IE Kfrr. Fulqug fpf

rgltgkgltg gstg rgj mstrc sg iclomrkc

pcic bgspugs , lulif Mg eu g rgic lci m

bc cemimfakgltg bgnmbc f 64 mlsgj urc

bg afs eu gltgs. Y ml gknfrjc, bgspugs

bg kfs bg 94 flcs, a.qug pcbrmf mk-

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bgrrmncs iclemrkfbcs bg acs KmJ y sm gstg eugrf ga ifsc, gsg lukgrc bg

MY bgrrmncs cemimfags bg acs Irusfbgr qug sg `f kfltglmbc burfltg tfltc

tmgkpc tglbrmf ulc bg kglcs , y bcs sm sg iugltf ga bgrrmnc bga qug sf Mtc

gl pfrfifmbfs gl kfyc bg 6=:>. Bg gstf ecrkf, ga rgj mstrc bga E- Y gs fa

kglcs 6=, g mli au sc >4.

Wl guec rmic Kfrr rgiafkc af trfbmimclfa pfsfbf fgrgf bg af vmitcrmf iufl

bc rgjrgsc fa @flicih, oultc ic l su pultc g a FL Ufkpftg aaf. GM E-Y `fnmf

iclsgjumbc su prmkgr bgrrmnc. Bgnmbc f su fatgrfimcl, f Kfrr sg Mg `fnmf

cavmbfbc nfofr ga jfli`c bg icaf, lcrkfakgltg ulf kuatf bg imlic bcafrgs,

y tuvc qug rgf amzfr ulf sgjulbf fprcxmkfimcl. GM IL Omk Bclf abscl, ce

imfa fa kflbc bga @flicih, sg cergimc ifnf aagrcsfkgltg f pfjfr af kuatf.

Acs BG^^MNCY BG I@FLI] ] UFKTFRGAAF

Wlc bg acs glergltfkmgltcs kfs nrmaafltgs gltrg acs Irusfbgr y acs Km J

bg tcbf af jugrrf tuvc aujfr sc ac lugvg bm fs bgspugs bg qug g a IE Kfrr

ùnmgrf iclsgjumbc ga prmkgr bgrrmnc (4 bgrrmncs) y gl g a pfrtmimpc su

pultc bga icknftg bga 6> bg oulmc, T`ma Uf kpftg aaf. GM > 6 bg o ulmc, MM

fvmclgs bga @flicih rgf amzfrcl ul ftfqug icltrf Um gtlfk bga Lcrtg. Acs

mliurscrgs sg bm vmbmgrcl gl bcs j rupcs, ulf gsiufbrmaa f bg bcs fvmclgs bg

rgfiimcl (ul Ê-YF y su E-YG bga UE-> 66 bg gsic atf), qug rgf amzf rmf ulf

pfs fbf bg rgiclci mkmgltc bga egrrcifrrma fa lcrgs tg bg @flcm y sg ms F-2

icl trgs E-YG bga UE-> 66 ick c gsic atfs.

Acs trgs pmactcs bg gsicatf bg a ftfqug, bg acs Irusfbgr bg acs I`gih-

kftg, grfl ga II Icag Nafi h, g a RL Jglg I`fliy y ga FL Ufkpfag aaf.

Kmgltrfs acs F-2 fvflzfnfl `fi mf su naflic aM gjc ulf ml ecrkfi mcl bg qug

ga Ê-YF pmactfbc pcr ga RL A. I. Gfstkfl `fnm f s mbc bgrrmnfbc. Bgs

pugs bg fsgjurfrsg bg qug acs F-2 `fnmfl sf ambc bg sus na flics, acs trgs

pma c tcs bg acs E-Y sg fprgs urfrcl `fi mf af pcs mi mcl bga mkpfi tc bga

Ê-YF, y rgicjmgrcl icrtgs bg rfbmc bg afs trflskmsmclgs bga E-YG bg gsic atf. GM II Na fih y ga RL I`fliy vcafrcl gl imriuac scnrg af pcs mimcl,

km gltrfs qug ga FL Ufkpftg aaf fsukmc af pcs mimcl bg pultc pfrf ga gs

ic atf ec tcjramemic , iuyc pmactc, RL Bm ih Ykmt` , `fnmf fsukmbc af eul imcl

bg ogeg bg a YF ^ (Nusqugbf y ^gsiftg) . Acs iuftrc E-Y bga UE-> 66 pg r

kflgi mgrcl f 6.744- >.444 pmgs pcr glimkf bg af pcs mimcl bg a i`cqug.

Af smtufimcl sg ickpamic iuflbc acs F-2 ickglzfrcl f ickulmifr afl

zfkm gltcs bg YFK y f agrtfs bg Km J. Acs E-Y tfknmgl ickglzfrcl f rgim

nmr frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf, eu gjc bg 9: kk, bg 7: krl y, prcnfnagkgltg, bg

Y7 krl. Ufkpftgaaf smltmc ickc sg gstrgkgimf su fv mcl fa rgimnmr ul mkpfitc,

pgrc sg kfltuvc gl af pcsmimcl burfltg 64-6 > kmlutcs.Ykmt` y Ufkpftg aaf vmgrcl g a pfrfif mbfs bga pmactc bgrrmnfbc y Na fih y

I`fliy fsiglbmgrcl pfrf iclsgjumr ulf kgocr ickulmifi mcl pcr rfbm c icl

acs `g amicptgrcs bg a YF ^, qug gstfnfl gl ifkmlc. Fa aMgjfr f acs 5. 444

pmgs, I`fliy cyc ulf fagrtf bg YFK y ga y su ogeg pgrkflgi mgrcl gl fqug

aM f fatmtub . Na fih prgjultc scnrg af smtufimcl bg a icknustmnag bg acs E-Y y

crbglc f Ykmt` y f Ufkpftg aaf qug glicltrfrfl ul fv mcl imstgrlf. Gstc bg

oc f Nafih y f I`fliy (icl g a E-YG 674= 64) vcaflbc gl imriua c f >. 444

pmgs pcr gli mkf bga E-Y bgrrmnfbc. Acif amzfrcl ulf ngljfaf bg sg mmfags lf

rflof, prgsuk mna gkgltg bm spfrfbf pcr ga pmactc bg rgic lci mkmgltc ec tc

jramemic, fprcxmkfbfkgltg f YCC

kgtrcs bg af pcs mimcl bga mkpfitc.F icltmlufimcl, ga II Na fih vmf f bcs KmJ-6 : (prcnfnagkgltg bg af

=>9f Faf bg Ifzf icl nfsg gl Hgp) vcaflbc sufvgkgltg bgsbg g a Yur, eu g-



rf bg afs lungs y f afs bcs gl pultc bg acs E-Y.

Acs ifzf lcrvmgtlfkmtfs gstfnfl kuy igrif, qum

zf f YCB kgtrcs y f 744 pmgs pcr gli mk f bg acs

Irusfbgr. Nafih lmvgac sus fafs y ickglzc f bms

pfrfr sus iflclgs, pgrc ga KmJ pfsc igrif bg

I`fliy icl sus iflclgs bgstg aagflbc. ^fpmbf

kgltg, I`fliy bmspfrc sus prcpmcs iflclgs sgjul

pfsfnf scnrg su ogeg, bg mzqumgrbf f bgrgi`f. Fpf

rgltgkgltg, acs Km J gs pgrfrcl `fstf qug acs I ru

sfbgr fnflbclfrcl su pcs mimcl gl ic tfs f atfs

burfltg g a ftfqug bg acs F-2 y gs tuvmgrcl vc aflbc

gl imriuac, icl pcic icknustmnag, pcr glimkf bga

Ê-Y scnrg ga tgrrglc. Acs E-Y gstfrmfl gl bgs

vg ltfof gl ul f ictf tfl nfof y tfknmgl pgamj rcsf

kgltg ef atcs bg icknustmn ag.

GM bgsgspgrfbc eugjc bg a II I`fliy faiflzc

fa KmJ bg a pultc iuflbc af sgiimcl pfsc f trfvgs

bg acs Irusfbgr. bgstrczflbc ul faf bga Km J.

I`fliy rgicrbfnf kfs tfrb g ickc? "G M gstfnf

tfl ig rif qug pcbm f `fngr icltfbc sus bmgltgs.

Eu g ul ftfqug kuy g egi tmvc". I`fliy tfknmgl

fbcptc ul f fitmtub fj rgs mvf y bmspfrc ul Y mbg

wmlbgr, pgrc ga km s ma lc iclsmjum c icjgr af bm

rgii mcl.

Tfsc ul imgrtc tmgkpc fltgs bg qug g a rgjmstrc bg Jglg I`fliy sg ifk

nmfrf bg ulc prcnfnag f ulc iclemrkfbc bfbc qug rgfa kgltg lc sg `fnmf

vmstc fa KmJ gstrg aafrsg y ga rgstc bg pfrt mi mpfltgs gl ga icknftg gstfnfl

bgkfs mfbc ciupfbcs 4 bgkfsmfbc agocs ickc pfrf cnsgrvf r af fii mcl.

Y ml gknfrjc, ga IL Bclfab scl Mg bmoc qug eugrf f Yfmjcl pfrf af trfb m

imclfa icleg rgli mf bg prglsf qug sgjumf f tcbcs acs bgrrmncs gstfbculm

bglsgs bg acs KmJ. Kui`cs kgsgs kfs tfrbg, ul rgprgsgltfltg bg Ucuj`t

aM fkc f I`fliy pfrf ickulmif rag qug ga tglmgltg tglmf f su bmspcs mimcl

ga faemagr gspgimfa bg Ucuj`t qug af ickpflm f rgjf afnf f acs futcrgs bg

acs bgrrmncs bg acs Irusfbg r. Af ml smjlm f bg af sc afpf gstfnf ickpugstf

pcr af smaugtf bg ul E-Y icl ul run m rcoc.

Fulqug ga bgrrmnc bg Jglg I`fliy sg `f rgj mstrfbc smgkprg ickc ul

bgrrmnc bg kmsma, ga gstf sgjurc bg qug bgrr mnc fa Km J icl ga eugjc ml m

imfa bg acs iflclgs, gspgi mfa kgltg tglmglbc gl iugltf qug su ulmic 6-

bgwmlbgr lc icjmc af crmgltfi mcl fbgiufbfkgltg. Gstc Mg iclvg rtmrmf gl

ul c bg acs bcs ulmics pmactcs bg acs Irusfbgr qug rgi afkfrc l bgrrmncs

icl acs iflclgs scnrg Umgtlfk.

Bg jrfimfbfkgltg, af guecrmf bg I`fliy pcr su vmitcrmf sg gvfpcrc rf

pmbfkgltg yf qug lc pubc gliclrrfr f su ogeg. GM E-YG bga II Na fih `f

nmf rgs uat fbc f aif lzfbc pcr g a KmJ j umf y g a `fn mf sf atfbc. Tfrf

iclstgrlfimcl bg I`fliy, ga `g amicptgrc bg a YF ^, crmjmlfakgltg glvmfbc

pfrf rgsiftfr f a pmactc bga Ê-Y, sg pgrbmc y lulif aMgjc f fpfrgig r. Rfl

tc Nafih ickc g a pmactc bga Ê-Y, II Gfstkfl, eu grcl ifpturfbcs y pgr

kflgi mgrcl ickc prmsmclgrcs bg jugrrf `fstf 6=:9. I`fliy tuvc qug

fnflb clfr f su ogeg gl tmg rrf y rgj rgsf r fa nuqug.

"Fqug aacs `cknrgs bgkugstrfl bg qug gstfl `gi`cs acs gstfbculmbgl

sgs", femrkc g a rgicrbflbc acs o umimcs bg tcbcs acs prmsmclgrcs bg jugr rf.

GM FL T` ma Ufkpftgaaf (gl ga igltrca

gsiui`f gl ulf rgulmcl cpgrftmvf

prgvmf gl af sfaf bg rgulmclgs

bga UE->66 fltgs bg ulf kmsmcl

gl oulmc bg 6=55. Bgstfif ga jrfl

pfri`g bga gsiufbrcl gl ga `cknrc

bgrgi`c. GM II Ncnny @uasg

sg gliugltrf gl af emaf bg bgtrfs,

icl ulf ifzfbcrf bg vugac vgrbg

bg lfmacl , kmgltrfs qug ga pmactc

kfs ocvgl, Gls ^fy Acrflj,

sg gliugltrf f af mzqumgrbf

bg Ufkpftgaaf. @uasg eug ga pultc

bga II Wlru` burfltg ga

glergltfkmgltc icl acs KmJ ga 9

bg fnrma bg 6=57.

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GM Irusfbgr bg Ufkpftgaaf rgsuat fjrfvgkgltg bflfbc pcr af frtmaagrmf

fl tmfgrgf fltgs bg bfrsg af vugatf

`fimf acs KmJ. Bgstfif ga glcllg

t rczc eugrf bga gstfnmamzfbc r

bgrgi`c y afs sg lfags rgbclbfs

bg af kgtrfaaf bg acs prcygitmags .

Bgspugs bg sgr rgpfrfbc gl Ofpfl

y rgfsmjlfbc fa UE -65>, ga NuLº

674944 eug lugvfkgltg faiflzfbc

pcr ga eugjc glgkmjc ga 65 bg ouamc

bg 6=5: y su p mactc, II Nuti`

Ugrmi`, tuvc qu g sfatfr. GM fpfrftc

rgspclsfnag bga bgrrmnc bga KmJ

bg Ufkpftg aaf sg iclvmrtmf gl ulc

bg acs pcics vgligbcrgs qu g

eugrcl ifzfbcs gl uatmkf mlstflimf .

GM glergltfkmgltc icl acs KmJ lc `fnmf tgrkmlfbc icl ga bgrrmnc bg

I`fliy. FM cmr af aMfkfbf bga II Nafih jrmtflbc " mKmJ6" , Ykmt` y ]fk-

pftg aaf bmgrcl af vugatf f sus fvmclgs bg rgfiim5l y rgj rgsfrcl fa icknf

tg, fulqug g a E- 0 bg ]fkpftgaaf gs tfnf bflfbc. F M fprcx mkfrsg f af fii m5l

vmgrcl ulf sgiim5l bg bcs KmJ f >.444 pm gs gl ul vmrfog f af bgrgi`f gl

pmifbc. Ykmt` kflb5 ulf fbvgrtglimf?

" oE-0, tm glgs ul KmJ gl af ic af! " GM pcbmf vgr acs iflclgs bga KmJ

bmspfrflbc, trfs 64 iufa ga E-0 sg mliglbm5 g lvug atc gl aafkfs. Yg trftfnf

bg Ic ag Nafih, qug if mf.

Gltcligs fpfrgim5 ulf sgjulb f sgii m5l bg KmJ y ga II Ykmt` mltgl

t5 glergltfrsg fa og eg, pgrc sus iflclgs ef aafrc l gl ul vmrfog icl gagvf

bcs J 's. Kmgltrfs tfltc, ]fkpftg aaf `fnmf kmrfbc `fimf ftrfs , y sg `fnmf

glicltrfbc icl ga ctrc KmJ ic acifbc gl su ic af, bgltrc bga faiflig bg

acs iflclgs y bmspfrflbc. ]fkpftgaaf mltglt5 `fig r ulf kflm cnrf gl tm

o grfs ic l ga KmJ pgrc tuvc qug amkmtfr sus vmrfogs f i mlic J 's bgn mbc f

acs fltgrmcrgs bflcs gl icknftg.

GM KmJ pgrkflgim5 icl ga E-0 y fulqug icl pcic icknustmnag, ]fk

pftg aaf iclgit5 ga smstgkf bg pcsicknustm5l, sg amngr5 bga Km J y sg bmrm

jmc `fimf ga Gs tg f 544 lubcs. Fulqug f sfavc bg kckgltc, sg glicltrc iclqug ga Irusfbgr tglmf bmemiuatfbgs pfrf vcafr. GM KmJ gstfnf f kfs bg hm

ackgtrc y kgbmc pcr bgtrfs y pfrgimf qug ga pmactc lcrvmgtlfkmtf sg `fnmf

bfbc af vugatf `fi mf ifsf, prcnfnagkgltg tfknmgl icl pcic icknustmnag.

Tfrf fprcvgi`fr af cpcr tulmbfb, ]fkpftgaaf rgbuoc af vgaci mbfb y bmc

af vug Mtf f pcr ga KmJ qug sg kfri`fnf. F fprcx mkfbf kgltg ul hma5kg

trc bcsimgltcs kgtrcs 64 mltglt5 icl ul Ymbgwmlbgr y au gjc icl g a ctrc.

Emlfakgltg, g a sgj ulbc sf amc bg a pcrtfkmsmags, sg bmrmjmc rgitc `fimf ga

KmJ y gstf aa5 oustc bgtl'ts bga ifzf glgkmjc , qug sg gs trg aac.

Bgspugs bg faiflzfr ga fvmcl imstgrlf icl scac 69: amtrcs bg icknustmnag

rgstfltg, ga II I`fliy gsicatc f ]fkpftgaaf bg vugatf fa @flicih f =5 hmackgtrcs bg bmstflimf. ]fkpftgaaf mltglt5 rgpcstfr, pgrc ga fv mcl imstgrlf

fpglfs Mg pubc bfr ul kmlmkc bg icknustmnag. Lc g rf sgjurc sm pcbrmf vc a

vgr. Yml gknfrjc , ftgrrmzc f sfavc y af mlspgiimcl pcstg rmcr fa vugac rgvgac

qug su fvmcl bg rgfii mcl `fn mf smbc faiflzfbc gl af icaf pcr ga eu gjc bg

9: kk, icl ulcs 04 fjuogrcs pgquglcs sfapmiflbc afs supgremimgs trfsgrfs bga

E-Y. T`ma ]fkpftgaaf rgi mnm 5 af Iruz bg af Kfr mlf pcr su vf acr y bgstrgzf.

Fulqug gstcs trgs glergltfkmgltcs bg oulmc bg 6=55 fnrmgrcl bgi msmvf

kgltg af tfrogtf bg rgsuatfbcs bga Irusfbgr, acs prcnagkfs qug sg acif am

zfrcl gl ga frkfkgltc bga E-Y (gspgi mf akgltg acs prcnagkftmics iflclgs)

prcbuogrcl ul flf am sms glpr

ceulbmb

fb bg acsic kn

ftgs pcr pfrtg bgaogeg suprgkc bg af Eactf bg a Tfimemic bg GG WW.

Gstg gs tubm c mlbmif nf qug `fnmf `fnmbc MM mltgltcs bg b mspfrf r acs Y m

bgwm lbgr gl acs bcs ifzfs. pgrc bcs kmsmags `fnmfl efaafbc ic kpagtf

kgltg y ulc tuvc ul rgtrfsc gl ga bm spfrc. Rrgs mltgltcs bg bmspfrfr acs

if lclgs bg >4 kk fifnfrcl gl efaac, ulc ic kpa gtc y bcs gl glifsq um

aMfkmgltcs bgspugs bg ulcs pcics prcygi tmags. Y564 g a IE Kfrr pubc gk

pagf r ic l gx mtc tcbf su kulmi mcl. GM ml ecrkg ic li aumf ?

" ... 69 bg acs >2 iflclgs suermgrcl fajul efaac. Bcs bg acs sgms fv mclgs

suermgrc l ul ef aac bg eulimclfkmgltc gl ga prmkgr prcygitma. Wl pmactc bg

tuvc vcaultfrmfkgltg g a eu gjc bgspugs bg bmspfrfr ul f i ufrtf pfrtg bg af

kulmi m5l y sc ac ul pmactc iclsmjumc iclsukmr tcbcs acs prcygi tmags.

" Acs iflclgs bg >4 kk bg acs fvmclgs E-Y `fl s mbc iclsmbgrfbcs pcr



64 jg lgrfa ickc ul frkf sgiulbfrmf icl rgs

pgi tc f acs Ymbgw mlbgr pf rf acs g lergltf

km gltcs f mrg -fm rg. Acs rgs uatfbcs bg gstg

gstubmc... bgk ugstrfl qug afs cpcrtulmbfbgs bg

qug acs fv mclgs E-Y bmspf rgl icl acs iflclgs

bg >4 ka66 gl acs glergltfkm gltcs tmpmics gl

ga surgstg bg Fs mf sg pugbgl fprcxmkfr f afs

cpcrtulmbfbgs bg b mspfrfr acs Ymbgwmlbgr."Fqug aaf uatmkf cnsgrvfi mcl rgsuatc sg r ml

eulbfbf. Km gltrfs qug af Eugrzf Fgrgf icl

smjumc kui`cs gx mtcs icl acs iflclgs bg >4

kk , gs pgi mf ak gltg icl acs E- a 47 qug mliau

mfl ul iflcl mltgj rfa gl g a bm sglc crmjmlfa ,

acs bgrrmncs bg af Kfrmlf eu grc l iclsgjumbcs

tcbcs g aacs icl km smags , icl af gxigpimcl bg qumzf bcs 4 Mrgs bgrrmncs bg

acs E-Y. Ga ctrc km sma mkpcrtfltg (g a F6K-: Ypfrrcw), qug lc utmamzfnfl acs

E-Y , eug gkpagfbc ulmifkgltg pcr acs E-2. Fulqug prgsultfkgltg kfs

sc em stmifbc y gl uatmkf ml stflimf kfs ifrc, ga Ypfrrcw bm serutc bg pcic

gx mtc y, pcr iclsmjumgltg, bg pcg f icle mflzf gltrg afs trmpu afi mclgs bg acs

ifzfs bg af Kfrmlf.

^cngrt Hmrhwccb, ul pmactc qug bgrrmnc ul KmJ, ickgltc? " Wlf bg afs

mrc lmfs bg af `m stcrmf bga E-Y eug qug sg Mg aafkc ga amatmkc bg acs if??fs ifl

iflclgs. Tgrc gstfnf gq umpfbc icl ul smstgkf bg iflclgs lfbf emfnag, mk

prgimsc y pcic g emifz".Rfknmgl rgsuatc mrclm ic qug Hmrhwccb eu grf ga ulm

ic pm actc bg acs Irusfbgr fa qug sg Mg rgic lcimc ul bgrrmnc icl acs iflclgs.

Af pgrbmbf bg Ic ag Na fih eu g ulf bg afs trgs ulmifs nfofs iclemrkfbfs

bg acs E-Y ergltg f acs KmJ burflt g tcbf af jugrrf. Tcstg rmcrkglt g, g a 62

bg ouamc bg 6=55 , ul E-YG bga UE-6 5> pm actfbc pcr ga IC bg a gsi ufbrcl

IE Bm ih Ng aa mljgr y g a 7 bg sgptmgknrg, ul E-YG bga UE- a a a , eu grcl bg

rrmnfbcs pcr acs KmJ. Ga Ifp. Z. H. Fnnctt bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf , gl eul

imclgs bg mltgrifknmc, sg iclvmrtmc gl prmsmclgrc bg j ugrrf trfs gstf uatmkf

fii mcl. ^gsuatf mltgrgsfltg sglfafr qug lc sg pgrbmc lmljul ^E-Y ergltg

f acs ifzfs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs, afs >4 nfofs gl icknftg bg a UET-59 eu grcl

rgsuatfbc bg af frt maag rmf fltmfg rgf y bg acs YFK.

NGA AMLJG^ IF_F WL KMJ

Ickc sg `f sglfafbc fltgs nrgvgkgltg, af nfof bga UE-6 5> ergltg f acs

KmJ mkp amic fa pgi uamfr ogeg bga gsi ufbrcl, IE Bm ih Ng aa mljgr. Icl 2>

flcs bg gbfb Ngaamljgr grf ul pcic kfycr qug af kgbm f bg acs ogegs bg if

zf, pgrc pcr gltcligs ga yf `fnm f vcafbc gl af MM Jugrrf Kulbmfa ickc

pm actc bg acs ncknf rbgrcs bg af Fv mfimcl bga Gogri mtc bg Rmgrrf, sg `fnm f

trfs afbfbc f af Kfrmlf bgspugs bg af jugrrf y `fnm f vcafbc g l icknftg g l

Ic rgf. Tcr gltcligs gl su tgrig rf jugrrf, Ng aa mljgr sfnmf qug fqug aaf sg

rmf prcnfnagkgltg su uatmkf cpcrtulmbfb bg iclsgjumr ul bgrrmnc fgrgc.

Ga bgrrmnc bg ou amc aagjc bgspugs bg ulf pgrsgi ui mcl f jrfl vgaci mbfb

pcr acs f argbgbcrgs bg @flc m, icl ul pm actc bg acs @ultgr frrfstrflbc f

ul KmJ qug sg `fnm f gljfli`fbc f su icaf. Ga II I`uih Rmlhgr scac icl

smjumc gsifpfr bg su pgrsgjumbcr gsqumvflbc gbm emimcs f 74 pm gs pcr gl

imkf bg fqug aaf imubfb bglsfkgltg pcna fbf. F R mlhgr lc Mg eulimclfnf

af rfbm c (af gsiufbrmaaf sg bm c iugltf bg gstc fltgs bg aagjfr f af icstf) y

iuflbc vmc f ctrc KmJ gl af ic af bg su IC lc pubc fbvgrtmrag.

GM IE Bmih Ngaamljgr bgsirmng

flmkfbfkgltg ga bgrrmnc bg su

KmJ->6 fa II Bmih Zykfl kmgltrfs

sg fagofl bga Irusfbgr bga prmkgrc,

sgjumbcs pcr ctrcs kmgknrcs

bga gsiufbr5l. Ngaamljgr eug ul

crmjmlfa pmactc y ogeg bg gsiufbr5l,

bga kmskc tmpc qug Tfppy

Ncymljtcl bg af Mlefltgrmf

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GM Km J firmnmaac g a Irusfbgr bg a ogeg y Ngaamljgr sg gsiclbmc gl ul f

lung y sg kfri`c rglqugfltg, mltgltflbc aMgjfr f Bf Lflj fltgs bg qug

bfrsg s ml icknu stmnag. 4 iclsmju mc rgpcstfr g l ul fvmcl imstgrlf qug vc

afnf gl imriua c bgnmbc f acs bflcs gl su fvmcl y sf mtc bg su kfatrgi`c

Irusfbgr f 52 hmackgtrcs bga icltmlgltg.

GM = bg citunrg Ngaamljgr kflbc ctrcs trgs Irusfbgr bg acs @ul tgr gl

eulimclgs bg gsicatf bg ul ftfqug bg acs F-2 bgsbg ga pcrtffvmclgs WYY

Mltrgpmb (IUY-M M). Wl G-M N Rrfig r ic acic kgbmfltg acs vgitcrgs f acs gs

ic atfs `fimf acs KmJ gl fprcxmkfi mcl, qug rgsuatfrcl sgr KmJ-> 68 fif

nfnfl bg gltrfr gl g a sgrvmimc bg af UTF E y rgprgsgltfnfl ul icls mbgrfnag

sf mtc gl tgilcacj mf pfrf af fsgbmfbf eugrzf fg rgf ickulmstf.

Wlc bg acs KmJ icl fafs bgatf sg sf amc bg af ecrkfimcl, `m zc ulf ml

vgrsmcl y Ng aa mljgr Mg smjum c, bmspfrflbc bcs Ym bgwmlbgr. Yg glic ltrfnf

gl ulf ictf pg amjrcsfkgltg nfof y lc pubc cnsgrvfr ga fvflig bg sus km

s mags km gltrfs pfsf nf f tcbf vgaci mbfb scnrg afs tcrrmbfs sg avfs. Tgrc ulc

bg acs Ymbgw mlbgr f aiflzc su cno gtmvc, ga KmJ-> 6 sg gstrg aac gl acs frrc

zfags bg fnfoc y sg iclvmrtmc gl ga prmkgr bgrrmnc bg af Kfrmlf scnrg acs

Km J fvflzfbcs . Bm ih Ngaamljgr rgjrgsc fa Crmshfly icl ul tukuatucsc

rgi mnmkmgltc bg su nuqug y bg su gsiufbrcl.

Acs E-0 lc iclsmjumgrcl kfs vmitcr mfs `fstf kfyc bg 6=5: , kckgl

tc gl ga iufa af ceglsmvf gstfbculmbglsg bg ncknfrbgcs icltrf acs lC"vmgtlfkmtfs gstfnf gl paglc fpcjgc. Acs ftfqugs bmfrmcs pfrgimfl bflfr

af if pfi mbfb bga crtg pfrf icltmlufr af jugrrf, mliausc f pgsfr bg afs

mkpcrtflt gs rgs trmii mclgs mkpugstfs pcr Zfs `mljtcl gl iufltc f acs tm

pcs bg naflics qug sg pcb mfl ftfifr, bclbg y iuflbc. Y ml tglgr gl iugl

tf ga fatc mlbmig bg nfofs y ga bgs tmlc mlimgr tc bg afs trmpuafi mclgs bg

GG WW qug sf atfnfl gl pfrfif mbfs bgsbg sus fvmclgs bflfbcs, acs gs tf

bculmbglsgs sg aflzf rcl `fi mf sus cno gtm vcs.

Kfyc bg 6=5: eu g ul pgrmcbc gspgimfakgltg mltglsc y tcbcs acs gsiufbrclgs bg tcbcs acs nuqugs gl ga erg ltg pfrtmi mpfrcl gl vf rmfs mliursmclgs

mkpcrtfltgs. Acs Km J gstfnfl fi tmvcs y acs glergltfk mgltcs eu grcl mltgl

scs y bm emi mags . Tfrgimf qug iufaqumgr vfi mafi mcl qug acs pmactcs bg acs

KmJ- 6: y Km J-> 6 bg af UTFE pubmgrfl `fngr tglmbc fa prmli mpmc `fnmf smbc

supafltfbf gltcligs pcr af gxpgrmglimf y af bgtgrkmlfimcl fbqumrmbfs f pfr

tmr bg bcs f lcs bg ick nftgs fgrgcs icltrf sus fbvg rsfrm cs gstfbculmbglsgs .

GM Faf Fgrgf > 6 bga Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb sg smtuc gl af bg afltgrf bg afs

vmitcrmfs bg af Kfrmlf, ickglzflbc ga M bg kfyc, af trfbm imclfa igagnrf

imcl ickulmstf. GM II K. C. Kc Zrmj`t bga UE-> 66 bgrrmnc ul c bg acs

trgs Km J- M: ifzfbcs fquga bm f km gltrfs gsicatfnf f acs F-2 bga Mrcl @flb

f 75 hmackgtrcs fa lcrtg bg @flcm icl

ul E-0G. GM sg icacic gl af ic af bga

Km J km gltrfs gstg ftfifnf ul F-2 y

bm spfrc ul Ymbgwmlbgr, qug glvmc fa

fv mcl bg rgfiimcl bflbc tukncs `f

imf ga sugac. GM Ifp. ^cl Acrb bg af

Eu grzf Fgrgf, qug pfsfnf ul pgrm c

bc bg sgrvmimc bg mltgrifknmc icl acs

I`gihkftg, vc afnf icl Zrmj`t.

" Eug ul mkpfitc nclmtc" , ickgl-

tc Acrb kfs tfrbg. @G M KmJ fif nf-

GM LT 664 , ga fpfrftc icl ga qug

KcZrmj`t iclsmjumc ga bgrrmnc bg

ul KmJ, rugbf `fimf af iftfpuatf .



GM pmactc bg mltgrifknmc

bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf bg GG WW Ifp.

^cl acrb (f af mzqumgrbf) y ga

II KcZrmj`t rgpfsfl su

glergltfkmgltc icl acs K mJ.

Yus subcrcscs ulmecllgs bg vugac

bgkugstrfl af mltglsmbfbbga trfnfoc bg fquga bmf.

nf bg vglmrsg fnfoc ." Tcstgrmcrkgltg, ga prcpmc Acrb pgrsmjumc f ul KmJ

gl af s prcxmkmbfbgs bg ctrc F-2 icl sus iflclgs. Ga Irusfbgr bga II

Zrmj`t eug ctrc bg ac s futcrgs bg acs bgrrmncs bg acs KmJ qug gl uatmkf

mlstflimf ga glgkmjc ifzc iuflbc, ickc ul E-0O, eug bgrrmnfbc pcr af fr

tmaagrmf fltm fgrgf ga >4 bg oulmc bg 6= :> scnrg Umgtlfk bga Yur. Ga IC bga

UE->a a , IE Omk Bfvms, sf mtc gl pfrfifmbfs y eug rgsiftfbc.

F icltmlufimcl, aagjfrcl ac s kgocrgs bmfs pfrf ga E-0 ( 6= bg kfyc y 6=

y >6 bg ouamc) iuflbc smgtg pmactcs bgrrmnfrcl smgtg KmJ, sukflbc ifs m af

kmtfb bga tctfa ickpagtc bg acs Irusfbgr burfltg af jugrrf.

Eug ulf trfvgsmf burf 8 ga IUZ-> 6 pgrbmc >9 fvmclgs y 60 pmactcs. Af km

smcl bga 6= bg kfyc mliauyc ftfqugs bg acs F-2/E-0 bga Mrcl @flb icltrf

afs eugrtgs icligltrfimclgs bg YFK y icltrf afs pcsmimclgs bg af frtmaagrmf

fltmfgrgf (9: kk, 7: kk y 07 kk ), bmemiuatfbfs pcr ulf mkpcrtfltg cpc

smimcl bg acs KmJ. Ygms Irusfbgr (trgs bga UE->66 y trgs bga ]E->2) efimam

tfrcl af gsicatf y ul E-0G bga UE->66 (Nu 4 674=94 LT 64=) eug bgrrmnfbc

pcr ul YFK (su pmactc, II Hfy ^ussgaa , eug ifpturfbc). Acs imlic E-0 rgs

tfltgs suermgrcl bflcs bg af frt maagrmf fltmfgrgf y bga eugjc bg ac s iflclgs

bg acs KmJ burfltg fqugaaf kmsmcl.

Gl acs glergltfkmgltcs fmrg-fmrg, ac s bcs gsiufbrclgs bga Ncllmg Bmih

iclsmjumgrcl bcs KmJ-6 : ifbf ulc. Ga II (pcstgrmcrkgltg icltrffakm rfl-

tg) Ncnny Agg bga UE->2, ga II (pcstgrmcrkgltg I ) T`maamp Zccb,ogeg bga

UE->aa , ga IE (pcstgrmcrkgltg icltrffakmrfltg) Tfua Ypggr y ga F Ocsgp`

Y`gf bmspfrfrcl tcbcs sus Ymbgwmlbgr.

Kmgltrfs acs bcs F-2 bga UF ->a> (IE @ckgr Ykmt`, ogeg bga gsiuf

brcl, y AmgutglflrCj) Ytgvg Nrmjjs) aflzfnfl sus Zfaagy icltrf afs pc

smimclgs bg acs YFK , ga IE Ypggr acifam zc ul KmJ y sg bmrmj mc `fimf g a.

Ic l ga smstgkf bg pcsicknustmcl f tcpg , ga ogeg bga UE->a a sg glergltc

fa ifzf lcrvmgtlfkmtf gl ulf sg rm g bg kflmcnrfs `fstf qug ga pm actc bgaKmJ emlfa kgltg cergimc fa pmactc bga Irusfbgr ulf cpcrtulmbfb bg bms

pfrc. GM prmkgr Ymbgwmlbgr bg Ypggr ifyc, pgrc su sgj ulbc km s ma mk

pfitc gl af icaf bga KmJ. Ga fvmcl bg rgfiimcl ickglzc mlkgbmftfkgltg

f mliglbmfrsg, augjc gltrc gl mlvgrtmbc y sg gstrgaac gl ga sugac.

Kmgltrfs tfltc, Ocg Y`gf `fnmf acifamzfbc ctrc ifzf, y fbv mrtmc? " @fy ul

KmJ gltrg lcsctrcs. Vug lfbmg sg pcljf lgrvmcsc". Ga IE Ypggr igbmc f

su pultc af mlmimftmvf y ofyjgg tfknmgl bmspfrc bcs Ymbgwm lbgr 8 acs bcs mk

pfitfrcl gl ga KmJ, y 64 glvmfrcl tfknmgl f acs fargbgbcrgs bg @flcm. Gs

tf sgrmg bg glergltfkmgltcs bga UE->a6 y bga UE->2 bmsiurrmgrcl pcr tcbc

ga ickpagoc bg @flcm-@fmp`clj, cifsmclfakgltg gl ictfs kuy nfof s.Acs bgrrmncs bg Agg y bg Zccb eugrcl acs prmkgrcs bg su gsiufbrcl.

Agg grf ga ogeg bg gsiufbrmaaf bg Zccb gsica

tflbc f acs F-2 gl ul ftfqug icltrf @flcm . Fa

fprcxmkfrsg fa naflic, acifamzfrcl ul KmJ-

6: qug sg fig rifnf f ul F-5 bga Hmaty @fwh,

ga iufa tfknmgl pfrtmimpfnf gl af mliursmcl.

Gl ul vmrfog igrrfbc, ga RL Zccb bmspfrc ul

Ymbgwmlbgr, pgrc ga kmsm a sg pgrbmc sml rgkg

bmc bgnmbc f afs J. Ga pmactc bga KmJ sg afl

zc gl pmifbc mltgltflbc pclgrsg f sfavc. CtrcK mJ-6: aagjc pcr bgtrfs bg Zccb y ickgl

zc f bmspfrfr. Ga `mzc vmrfr su E-0 y bmspfrc

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GM IE Tfua Ypggr iclvgrsf

icl ul trmpuafltg bg af iunmgrtf

bgspugs bg rgjrgsfr bg ulf kmsmcl

ga 2 bg kfyc bg 6=5:.

GM IE Ypggr `fnaf icl su pultc,

FL Ocg Y`gf, scnrg sus bcs

bgrrmncs bg acs KmJ bga 6= bg kfyc

bg 6=5:.

glvmc gl pmifbc `fimf g a sugac. GM pmactc glg

km jc sfmtc, pgrc su pfrfif mbf ickglzc f `f

ig r clbf .

Mlifpfz bg rgj rgsf r f nc rbc bg su pcrtff

vmclgs, f aiflzfbc pcr vfrmcs bm spfrcs y icl

pcic icknustmnag, g a II Zccb icjmc turlc gl

ga imriumtc bg ftgrrmzfog bga Hmtty @fwh y sg bg

tuvc gl ga pcrtffv mclgs bg iunmgrtf j rflbg.

Eu g rgi mnmbc ifaurcsf kgltg pcr af trmpua fimcl

bg a F-5, iuyf ic af `fn mf bgspgofbc bga prmkgr

KmJ8 Zccb rgjrgsc fa Hmata ' @fwh ickc IC

gl 6=07. Yml gknfrjc, su E-0 gstfnf bgstrc

zfbc . @fnm f fjuogrcs bg nfaf f argbgbcr bg af

ifnmlf, ga kctcr y af fv mclmif gstfnfl bgstrc

zfbcs y af Kfrmlf bgi mbmc qug lc kgrgimf af pglf rgpfrfr ga ifzf. qu g eug

nfofbc f af ncbgjf bga `fljfr pfrf augjc sgr bgsgknfrifbc gl Iunm y bgs

jufzfbc. Zccb fprcvgi`c ga vug ac bg ul `g amicp tgrc bg vug atf f su prc

pm f pcrtffvmclgs, bclbg yf `fnmfl ickglzfbc afs ig agnrfi mclgs pcr acs

uatmkcs bgrrmncs bg acs KmJ.

GM II Ncnny Agg y su pultc, ga FL Hmt Ykmt` , `fnmfl mbc f pcr 64 qug

Agg bglckmlc ickc " Mf pcsmimcl bg frtmaagrmf kfs jrflbg qu g ofkfs `g

vmstc". F 9.444 pmgs bm spfrfrcl sus _ulm y faiflzfrcl afs eurjclgtfs bg

rfbfr bg acs YFK . Iuflbc acs bcs pmactcs bg acs E-0 sg rgiupgrfnfl bg

sus pfsfbfs f :44 pm gs. ul KmJ- 6: sg iruzc pcr bgafltg bg sus lfrmigs.

Agg bm spfrc ul Ymbgwmlbgr, qug icrtc ga Km J pcr af kmtfb. " Af sgiimcl

gltgrf bg icaf sf amc bm spfrfbf gl su vmrfog y yc sfnmf qug ga gstfnf kugr

tc", ickgltc Agg pcstgrmcrkgltg. Iuflbc rgjrgsc fa Ncllmg Bmih, ga pgr

sclfa bg af kfgstrflzf bg Agg, qug `fnmf if rjfbc g a Ymbgwmlbgr gl su E- 0,

Mg rgjfac ga icrbcl uknmamifa bga FMK -= ickc rgiugrbc .

Bcs kgsgs bgspugs. ga > 6 bg oWamc. iuftrc pmactcs bga Faf Fgrgf > 6 sg

flctfrcl bgrrmncs. Kmgltrfs fvflzfnfl `fi mf su naflic (ulf mlstfafi mcl

bg fakfig lfk mgltc bg icknustmnags y aunrmifltgs gl Rf Pf, fa lcrcgstg

bg @fmp`clj), acs F-2 bga IUZ-> 6 eugrc l ftfifbcs pcr ulf eu grzf if a

iua fbf gl ul cs 64 Km J- a:. Af gsicatf km xtf bga UE->2 y bga UE-> 66 af

gkprglbmgrcl icl acs mltgrigptfbcrgs. GM rgimgl aMgjfbc sgjulbc og eg bga

UE->2, IE Kfrmcl @. Msffihs, sg icacic pcr glimkf y pcr bgtrfs bg ul

KmJ. Mltgltc bm spfrfr bcs vgigs sus Ymbgwmlbgr, aMgvfnf ul f ifrjf ick

pa gtf bg iuftrc, pgrc g a prmkgr FMK-= lc iclsmjumc icjgr af crmgltfimcl y

ga sgjulbc lc eulimclc icrrgitfkgltg y lc sg b mspfrc. Erustrfbc, 64 ml

tgltc ulf vgz kfs. GM tgrigr km s ma sf amc bg af jumf y icjmc af crmg ltfi mcl

pgregitfkgltg. o ustc `fi mf af tcngrf bg gsifpg bga KmJ. GM ifzf glgkm jc

ifyc glvug atc gl ulf ncaf bg eugjc.

Msffihs, cnsg rvf lbc af ncaf bg eugjc , ifsm sg iclvmrtmc ga km skc gl ga

bgrrmnc bg ctrc iuflbc ulc bg ac s pultcs bga KmJ sg fprcxmkc, bm spf

rflbc gl tcbc kckgltc. Msffihs gkpuoc ga tmkcl `fi mf af bgrgi`f, vm

rflbc pfrf glergltfrsg f su ftfif ltg. Icl ga pfrfnrmsfs aMglc bg acs `ukcs

bga KmJ, ga sgj ulbc ogeg bga UE->2 sg qugbc ftclmtc iuflbc ga pmactc

lcrvmgtlfkm tf g fpfrtc gl ga uat mkc kckgltf g `mzc ul tclgM rfpmbc `f

i mf ga sugac, 64 qug bgoc f Msffihs icl ul Irusfbgr jrfvgkgltg bflfbc.

Yu fvm5l tglmf ul pgquglc eugjc igrif bga fagrcl bgrgi`c, famkgltfbc

pcr gaamqumbc `mbrfuamic . Yml gknfrjc, afs aafkfs sgjumfl iclemlfbfs f ulf



zclf pgquglf bga faf y bgspugs bg qug g aa m

qumbc `mblauamic sg `unmgrf fjctfbc sg fpf

jc pcr sm kmskc km gltrfs Msffihs vcafnf bg

vugatf f a pcrtffvmclgs. GM rgsukmc af jugrrf

fgrgf bg af smjumgltg ec rkf burflt g ulf vm

smtf f Ucuj`t qug rgf amzc pcic bgspugs bg

su bgrrmnc bga KmJ?

"I rgc qug acs KmJ grfl nuglcs pfrf af

kcrfa. @fy kfs glifltc gl bgrrmnfr ul KmJ

qu g gl bm spfrfr ic ltrf ulf pcs mi mcl bg

YFK". Tgrc flfbm c qug afs pcs mimclgs bg

frtmaagrmf y bg kms mags prcvcif nfl kfs prg

ciupfimclgs pfrf acs pmactcs qug acs KmJ gl ga fmrg .

GM II T`ma Bgkpgwcae tfknm gl iclsmju mc ul bgrrmnc prcnfnag ic l ul

Ymbgwmlbgr g a > 6 bg ouamc, fulqug lc sg pubc iclsgj umr ulf iclemrkf

imcl pcs mtmvf pcrqug ctrcs bcs KmJ ftfifrcl bgspugs bg qug g a KmJ bg

Bgkpgwcae ifygrf.

GM II ^cngrt Hmrhwccb sg iclvmrt mc gl ulc bg acs pcsmnagkgltg bcs

pm actcs bg acs Irusfbgr qug rgi afkc, gl fqug aaf egi `f, g a kuy bgsgfbc

bgrrmnc scac icl acs iflclgs, f a bmspfrfr sus iflclgs bg >4 kCa ic ltrf

ul KmJ-6 :.

GM II Rmk @unnfrb `fnm f smbc ga AYC (C em i mfa bg Ygjurmbfb bg Ftg

rrmzfogs) gl g a UE-Y M burfltg fqug aacs fogtrgfbcs bmfs bg ickmglzcs bg

fjcstc bg 6=52 . Tcr gltcligs vcafnf icl ga UE-> 66 y `fnm f rgf am zfbc ku

i`fs fiimclgs fgrgfs y vmstc vfrmcs KmJ . @fnmf f aiflzfbc ul KmJ icl

ga eu gjc bg acs iflclgs y ga Km J `fnmf gsifpfbc, scatflbc `ukc.

GM > 6 bg ouamc su ifrjf scac mli au mf ul Ymbgw mlbgr oultc icl acs _ulm y

utmamzc fkncs tmpcs bg kmsmags y ga eu gjc bg acs iflclgs bg >4 kk pfrf

bgrrmnfr ul KmJ- 6:B. Yu bgrrmnc gagvc ga tctfa bga gsi ufbrcl f smgtg, 64

qug 64 iclvmrtmc gl fquga kckgltc gl af ulmbfb bg af Kfrml f icl kfs

bgrrmncs iclsgjumbcs y, gl uat mkf mlstflimf, gl ga gsiufbrcl bg Irusfbgr

icl kfs vmitcrmfs.

Iuflbc g a KmJ ftfic su sgiimcl, @unnfrb rgf amzg ul vmrfog nrusic

`fi mf af mzqum grbf gl bmrgii mcl f af fkglfzf, bmspfrflbc sus if lclgs.

Acs prcygi tm ags trfzfbcrgs vgrbgs bgsbg bgtrfs Mg mlbmif rcl qug gstfnf

s mglb c ftfifbc y lugvfk glt g rgf amzg ul vm rfo g nru sic, cnam jf lb c

fa sgj ulbc KmJ f pfsf rsg gl ga tmrc . Kmgltrfs sgjum f bmspfrflbc ic l

acs iflclgs, @unnfrb bgi mbmc utm amzf r tcbfs sus frkfs, pgrc su ulmic

Ymbgwmlbgr lc `fnm f smbc vgrmemifbc fltgs bga bgspgj ug fsm qug bmspfrc

acs bcs _ulm 8 pcr ifsufambfb, ga gsicatfnf fa II R. ^.

Ywfrtz bg a UF-:5, qug `fnm f iclsgj umbc ul bgrr mnc

icl acs _ulm scnrg Hgp ga M bg kfyc. Burfltg af rgu

lm cl cpgrftm vf prgvmf, f Rmk @unnfrb Mg `fnmfl icl

tfbc ickc Ywfrtz `fnm f mbc gl fyubf bg ^gb Msffihs,

qug grf fsgbm fbc pcr ul jrupc bg KmJ- 6:. Ywfrtz bm s

pfrc kfs _ulm ic ltrf acs ifzfs glgkmjcs, qug rfpm

bfkgltg sg kfri`frcl.

Acs prcygitmags jrflbgs prgi msfnfl ul jrfl fljuac

bg jumfbc y acs bcs prmkgrcs bm spfrcs ef aafrcl . @un

nfrb bmspfrc s us bcs _ulm rgstfltgs, qug gxpactfrcl 64

suem imgltgkgltg igrif bga KmJ ickc pfrf prcvcifr

T`ma Zccb rgvmsf ulc bg acs

Ymbgwmlbgr bg su Irusfbgr fltgs

bga vugac. Ycac aMgvfnf trgs kmsmags

gl ga glergltfkmgltc icltrf su KmJ

pcrqug ga Ymbgwmlbgr bg af jumf

supgrmcr mzqumgrbf lc pfsc

afs ickprcnfimclgs prgvmfs fa

vugac U lulif sg a Mgjc f ifrjfr.

GM prmkgr kmsma qug Zccb bmspfrc

sg glicltrfnf gl af kmskf

pcsmimcl qug sg pugbg vgr fqum,

af jumf mlegrmcr mzqumgrbf.

GM E-0I bg T`ma Zccb, rgspclsfnag

bga bgrrmnc bg ul KmJ , f ncrbc

bga Hmtty @fwh tfl jrfvgkgltg

bfmmfbc qug eug rgtmrfbc bga

sgrvmimc. Af ectcjrfemf eug tckfbf

pcr ga pmactc (Yfk Yfvgrs) fa qug

ga II Zccb sfavc bg afs ftglimclgs

bg ul KmJ -6:. Yfvgrs emrkc af

ectcjrfemf icl ga kglsfog?

" GM fjrfbgimbc pmactc bg ul F-5

tg bgng ulf icpf '?

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smjumc ul E-YG bga UE-6 5> 8 g a RL ^m i`frb Zykfl `fnmf bgspgjfbc bga

Crmshfly ga 62 bg bmimgknrg ickc rgsgrvf. Yg `fnmf rgtmrfbc f ctrcs trgs

Irusfbgr pcr rfzclgs kgiflmifs y Zykfl y ga IE IFA Ywflscl, qug

`fnm f fsukmbc ga kflbc bg acs @ultgr ga flf fltgrmcr, sg bmrmjmgrcl `f

imf tmgrrf emrkg. GM rfbfr bg Ywf lscl lc eulimclfnf y af jum f rgifyc gl

ga pm actc kfs ocvgl.

Gstf pfrgof acif amzc ul FF bga UF-652 ic l af gsic atf bg ul E-Y bga

UE- MMM . GM pmactc bga FF , FL I`uih Lgascl, ags mlecrkc qug `fnmf vf

rmcs KmJ gl afs prcxmkmbfbgs kmgltrfs acs E-Y sg figrifnfl fa icknftg.Acs KmJ gstfnfl pcr tcbfs pfrtgs fargbgbcr bga scamtfrmc E-YI bg acs 7ul-

bcwlgr, pmactfbc pcr ga II Bmih Yi`feegrt.

Af bgeg lsf gl scamtfr mc bg Yi`feegrt bga FF bga arcaa @flb sg ic lvmr

tmc gl pfrtg bg af kmtcacjmf bg a E-Y. Yi`feegrt sc ac bm spclmf bg trgs bg acs

`fnmtufags iuftrc Ymbgwmlbgr ifrjfbcs yf qug ga iufrtc kmsma lc `fnm f sm

bc vgrmemifbc fltgs bg a aflzfkmgltc y pcr 64 tfltc sg rgtmrc. Gltcligs g a

sg tuvc qug gl ergltfr sc ac f iuftrc fjrgsmvcs KmJ-6: , fulqug Mg aagjfrmf

fyubf fajc bgspugs?

"G l ul kckgltc, kmgltrfs pgrsgjumf f af sgiimcl jumf bg acs KmJ gl

ul vmrfog f af mzqumgrbf bg g agvfbcs J 's , af sgjulbf sgii mcl sg icacic bgalaY bg km. Acs prcygitmags trfzfbcrgs bga ogeg pfsfnfl ickc igltg aafs pcr

gli mkf bg km iupuaf . Af rgfiimcl mlstmltmvf fltg ulf smtufi mcl tfl ick

pamifbf `unmgrf smbg tmrfr f tcpg, pclmglbc kfs J pfrf sfifr fa tmrfbcr eug

rf bg af pcs mi mcl.

"Y ml gknfrjc, yc rgicrb g ul mlimbgltg ulcs pcics kgsgs fltgs iuflbc

acs KmJ-6: `fnmfl scrprglb mbc f bcs pmactcs bga UE- MMM sfamglbc bg gl

trg afs lungs pcr bgtrfs bg acs E-Y . Acs pmactcs bg acs Irusfbgr mltgltfrcl

supgrfr gl acs vmrfogs f acs KmJ, qug bgrrmnfrcl ul E-Y (ga pmactc grf ga

cemimfa bg mltgrifknmc bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf bg GG WW Ifp. Zmaa Fnncft8

eug ifpturfbc y pfsc acs sgms flcs smjumgltgs ickc prmsmclgrc bg jugrrf)."^flby ^mkg rgi mnmc trgs mkpfitcs bg iflcl, ulc f trfvgs bg af iupuaf y

pcstgrmcrkgltg rgfamzc ulf gspgitfiuafr rgiupgrfimcl f ncrbc bga Crmshfly.

"F M bfrkg iugltf bg qug tglmf pcifs cpcrtul mbfbgs bg gsifpfr fpam

iflbc kfs J, gk puog af pfaflif `fimf bgafltg, pfsflbc nrusifkgltg bg

sgms J pcsmtmvfs f bcs J lgjftmvfs , kmgltrfs icacifnf ga tmkcl eugrtg

kgltg `fimf af mzqum grbf pfrf `fig r nfof r ga kcrrc.

"Ac s KmJ lc smjumgrcl fqug aaf grrftmif kflmcnrf y yc rgfamig akf mlvgrsmcl

vgrtmifa pfrf glicltrfrkgacs bg ergltg. Tcstgrmcrkgltg bgsi unrmkcs icl acs

KmJ-6 : ifpturfbcs qug gstcs lc pcbmfl rgf amzfr ul tclga icl J lgjf tmvf

sml sfamr ickc acics. Grf af prmkgrf vgz qug yc 64 mltgltfnf icl ga E-Y."Af gsiufb rmaaf bg acs @Waatgr aagjc y ga IE Ywflscl mltgltc kflmcnrfr

icl ulc bg acs KmJ, pgrc ga pmactc lcrvmgtlfkmtf sg icacic gl su icaf.

Zykfl bm spfrc ulcs iufltcs prcygitmags `fimf ga KmJ gl ul mltgltc bg

sfavfr f su ogeg. Fpfrgltgkgltg, ga KmJ rgi mnmc ga kglsfog y sg fagoc. Yg

gltfnac ul icknftg fgrgc. Ifbf vgz qug ga II Zykfl mltgltfnf bmspf

rfr ul Ymbgwmlbgr, acs Km J sg amnrfnfl bg g a icl ul vmrfog igrrfbc.

Jtrc pmactc bg acs 7ulbcwlgr. ga ogeg bga UE- MMM IE Ncn ^fskussgl,

qug `fnm f gsic atfbc f ul sgjulbc FF gl af kmskf kmsmcl, tfk nm gl gl

trc gl af rgermgjf. GM bmspfrc ul Ymbgwmlbgr icltrf g a KmJ pgrc ef aac. Tcr

gltcligs, ga icknftg `fnm f aagjfbc `fstf af icpf bg acs frncags8 `fnmf ickglzfbc f 65.444 pmgs. Emlfakgltg, Zykfl sg icacic bgtrfs bga KmJ y

bm spfrc ctrc Ymbgwmlbgr. Gs tf vgz g a FMK-= icjmc af cr mgltfimcl pgregi-

Tfrtg bg acs cnogtcs bg ml t grgs

bg ul pmactc bg acs Irusfbgr8 gltrgacs rgjfacs bg Ucuj`t f Rmk

@unnfrb, rgspclsfnag bga bgrrmnc

bg ul KmJ , sg gliugltrfl bc s

faemagrgs bg 6.544 hk / ` U ul

pfsfbcr bg icrnft f b ga E-0. GM faemagr

mlegrmcr gs m ltg rgsflt g pcrqug lgvf

ul pgquglc run m gl ga igltrc,

64 iufa mlbmifnf ga bgrrmnc bg ul

KmJ pcr pfrtg bga fvmfbcr bga E-0.

Gstg uatmkc gs kuU gxiausmvc vf

qug s564 60 `cknrgs 64 rgimn mg rcl .

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GM II Bmih Yi`feegrt mltgrvmlc

gl ulc bg acs agjglbfrmcs

glergltfkmgltcs icl acs KmJ

burfltg af jugrrf, pgrc f af afrjfeug ctrc ga qug iclsmjumc ga bgrrmnc.

Yi`feegrt aMgvf ulf ifkfrf bg

97 kk pfrf rgicjgr mlstfltflgfs

bg cpcrtulmbfb pfrf ga

bgpfrtfkgltc bg mltgamjglimf .

tfkgltg y bgstrc zc g a faf mzqum grbf bga Km J8 ga ifzf glgkmjc ifyc gl pm

ifbc `fimf ga sugac f sc ac 74 pmgs pcr b gnfoc.

GM icknftg `fnmf bgkcstrfbc qug tfknm gl `fnmf nuglcs pmactcs gl ga

ctrc nflbc. @fnmfl tglmbc qug mltgrvglmr iuftrc E0, vmrflbc y aflzflbc

sg gl pmifbc pcr tcbc g a img ac, pfrf bgrrmnfr ul Km J. Zykfl rgiugrbf ga

kckgltc iuakmlfltg bg fquga prcacljfbc icknftg?

"G M faf sg bgsprglbm c. GM eu gjc rcoc sg gx tglbmc rfpmbfkgltg pcr tcbc

ga aftgrf a Mzqum grbc bga fv mcl kmgltrfs if mf `fimf ul frrczf a. .. Fquga gl

ergltfkmgltc eug ulc bg gscs mltglscs y pcic ergi ugltgs kckgltcs bg km

vmbf qu g f ecrtulfbfkgltg iuakmlfrcl bg ecrkf mlirgmnagkgltg supgrmcr."

If a Ywflscl ickgltc? "Fquga eug prcnfna gkgltg ga glergltfkm gltc

kfs prcacljfbc ic l acs Km J burfltg af jugrrf. Fquga pmactc bga Km J grf

ul tm jrg. Gstfnf famm pfrf icknftm r" .

Bmih Yi `feegr rgi mnmc ulf Iruz bg Uugac Bm stmljumbc pcr su mlirgmnag

bg eglsf bg acs F -2, pgrc su ickpflgrc bg gsiufbrcl II Tgtg Tgtgrs (qug

pcstgrm crk gltg sg ic lvgrtmrmf g l g a prmkgr pmactc bg acs E- 0 icl 9.444 `c

rfs bg vugac) ickgltc fkfrjfkgltg? " Kfabmtf sgf, Bmih. Iuftrc bg fqug-

6M4s nfstfrbcs f acs qug bmspfrfr y lc Mg bmstg f lmljulc".

Acs KmJ gsifsgfrcl burfltg acs sg ms kgsgs s mjum gltgs, fa kglcs pfrf

af Kfrmlf. GM smjum gltg bgrrmnc lc aMgjc `fstf oulmc bg 6=50 y, lugvf

kgltg, g a vgligbcr eu g ul E-0. GM II (pcstg rmcrkgltg icltrff akmrfltg)

A. ^. Kygrs, c em i mfa bg cpgrfi mclgs bga UE-7 6, sg glicltrfnf gltcligs

gl su 60>" kmstcl scnrg Umgtlfk iuflbc utmam zc ul Ymbgw mlbgr pfrf rg

vgltfr af ic af bg ul Km J-> 6 ga >5 bg oulmc. GM Km J `fnm f rgf amzfbc ulf

pfsf bf ercltfa icltrf acs trgs ifzfs bga UE- 7 6 y Kygrs (qug `fnmf smbc

sg agiimclfbc pfrf IE) rgvc avmc su Irusfbgr gl ul vmrfog qug Mg smtuc f

afs sg ms gl pultc bga KmJ y bgsbg famm bmspfrc su Ymbgwmlbgr. Eug ga prm

kgrc bg acs bcs bgrrmncs bg a Irusfbgr kcbgac E-0@.

GM >: bg ouamc ga II Juy Iflg, c em i mfa bg cpgrfi mclgs (y sgjulbc og

eg prcvmsmclfa) bga UE- 79 icl ul E-0G gstfnf fa kflbc bg iuftrc E- 0G

qu g sg glicltrfrcl icl ul lukgrc smkmafr bg Km J-6 :. Rrfs glergltfrsg

icl ulf sgiimcl b g bcs fvmclgs bg ergltg, Iflg (`fnm f smbc sg agii mclfbc

pfrf ickkflbgr) y su pultc, FL Bgxtgr Kfla cvg , fif nfrcl `fimglbc v m

rfogs ic l acs ifzfs glgkmjcs `fstf qug Iflg sc atc ul kms ma , qug gxpa ctc

ou stc bgtrfs bg af tcngrf bga KmJ.

" ]c irgmf qu g `fnmf ef aafbc `fstf qug ul trczc bg a faf bgrgi `f sf amc

bgsprglbmbf y g a KmJ gltrc gl ulf gspmrfa icl ga kcrrc `fimf fnfoc", ic

kgltc Iflg kfs tfrbg. Grf su 605" kmstcl bg icknftg y su prmkgr gl

iugltrc icl ul KmJ.

GM uatmkc bgrrmnc c em imf a bg acs Irusfbgr gl Umgtlfk eu g f pfrfr fa II

Flt` cly O. Lfrjm, bg a Bgs tfifkgltc MM bg a UE-MMM , pmactflbc ul E-0I

bgsbg g a vg tgrflc pcrtffv mclgs >:I Mltrgpmb. GM vmgoc nuqug `fnm f su

ermbc ul mkpcrtfltg ftfqu g hfkmhf??g gl 6=27 y pcr gltcligs gs tfnf fif

nflbc sus bmfs ickc pcrtffv mclgs fltm sunkfrml cs (IUY). Burfltg af

ifkpflf bg gsif afbf bg ncknfrbgcs bg 6=55-6 =50 `fnmf s mbc sgagii mc

lfbc pfrf prgs tfr sus sg rvmi mcs ickc pcrtffv mclgs bg ftfqug kcbmemif

bc ic l ulf pgqu glf faf fg rgf.

Lfrj m y su pultc, FL Fagx ^u ihgr, sg glicltrfnfl gl ul f kmsmcl IF T

ga 6= bg sgptmgknrg iuflbc eugrcl fvmsfbcs bg ulcs KmJ qug sg fprcx m

kfnfl y qug sg bmrmjmfl `fi mf af eugrzf bg ftfqu g bg acs F-2. Acs bcs

E-0 fsiglbmgrcl pfrf glergltfrsg f af fkglfzf, qug rgsuatfrcl sgr Km J-> 6.



"Irgc qug g a pmactc bga Km J kg vmc fprcxmkfbfkglt g f ak mskc tmgkpc",

ickglt c Lfrjm. "]c Mg ickulmqug f km pultc qug `fnm f ul Km J-> 6 frrmnf.

GM pma ctc bga Km J ickglzc f fbcptfr kflm cnrfs gvfsmvfs mlkgbmftfkgltg.

GM fsiglbmc y g ltrc gl ul nuiag8 yc pubg ic acif rkg gl pcs mimcl pcr bgtlms

bg ga." Lfrjm bmspfrc ul Y mbgw mlbgr qug bgstrczc af ic af bga Km J y ga ifzf

glgkmjc ifyc ickc ulf ncaf bg eu gjc. GM pmactc lcrvmgtlfkmtf sf mtc y if

yc eactflbc pcr bgnfoc bg ul pfrfif mb fs lfrflo f y naflic.

F ic ltmlufi mcl, Lf rjm y ^uihgr sg glergltfrcl f ul sgjulbc Km J. Acsbcs pmactcs bg acs E-Y bmspfrfrcl kms mags qug gxpactf rcl ig rif bg a KmJ,

pgrc ga fv mcl bg rgfii mcl glgkmjc lc pfrgimf bf rmfbc y sg bm rmj mc l'tpm

bfkglt g f a Lc rtg pfrf gsifpfr bg acs ifzfs bga UE- MMM . Lfrjm `fnmf icl

sgjumbc g a >=´ bgr rm nc bg af Kfrmlf g l af j ugrrf y af MY", y uatmkf, vmitcrm f

iclemrk fbf bg acs E-Y.

Yml gknfrjc, `fy ul amatmkc y icltRcvgrtmbc bgrrmnc bg acs E-Y, fqug a bga

II Ogrry Ru ihgr bga UE-> 66 bga >9 bg kfyc bg 6=:>. Lc sg trftfnf bg qug

acs I`gi /flfag lc tuvmgrf l lfbf qug `figr yf qug `fnmfl gstfbc nfstfltg

ciupfbcs fpcyflbc af mltglsf jugrrf scnrg ga tgrrglc, aflzflbc ncknfs y

prcygitmags ic ltrf afs pcs mi mclgs ickulm stfs fltg ulf cifsmclfakgltg mltglsf frtmaag rm f fltmfg rgf y afs bgeg lsfs bg acs YF K. Rcbfvmf tcbcs acs pm

actcs bg ifzf sC amfnfl icl fa kglcs ulf cpcrtulmbfb ic l acs KmJ.

Tcr glt cligs, g a gsiufbrcl utmam zfnf acs E-YO, ul Gi`c kgoc rfbc qug prg

sglt fnf ulf kgocr fv mclmif y ul icltrca Mkms gegi tm vc f vg aci mb fbgs nfofs

qug kgocrfnf af lctfna g kflm cnrfnmambfb bga Irusfbgr fargbgbcr bga nuqug.

Fquga bm f, Ruihgr y ga II Erflh Nfi`kfl gstfnfl gl ulf RF^IFT pfrf

ul ftfqug F ap`f igrif bga ifkpc bg fvmfimcl bg Uml`. Ucafr gl imriuacs pcr

gli mk f bg af nfsg sg gstfnf `fi mglb c fnurrmbc y iuflb c acs ftfif ltgs rgjrg

sfnfl, bcs bg acs E-2 bga UE-6 56 eugrcl bmrmjmbcs icl vgitcrgs `fimf ul Km J

qug sf amf scnrg g a fjuf ickc rgspugstf f a ftfqug icltrf g a ifkpc bg fv mfimcl.Acs bcs pmactcs bg acs E-Y gsiui`frcl acs ficltgi mkm gltcs kmgltrfs acs

trmpuafltgs bg acs E-2 pgrbm grcl lmpm bf kgltg af naarn aaof y g a Km J. Ru i-

hgr aM fkc f ^gb Ircwl y Mg bmoc qug su sgiimcl gstfnf prgpfrfbf pfrf fi u

bmr. ^gb Ircwl rgtmrc acs T`fltck 66 y g lvmc f acs Irusfbgr `fi mf g a KmJ.

Acs E-Y, qug sg bmrmjmgrcl `fi mf g a Lcrtg, acif amzfrcl fa KmJ -6 : y fig

ag rfrcl f pC ' 64 qug pfrgi mf sg r ul bgrrmnc sgjurc. GM II Ru ihgr fs ukm c

ga kflbc pcrqug tglm f fa ifzf glgkmjc f af vmstf. GM KmJ vcafnf nfoc y

rgf akgltg sg gsifpfnf. GM Ymbgw mlbgr bg Ru ihgr ickglzc f sclfr, mlbm

iflbc qug af if ngzf bga nusifbcr b ga km sma gstfnf acif amzf lbc f su prgsf.

Bg rgpgltg, af iupua f bg a KmJ sf amc bgspgbmbf, sgjumbf bg a pmactc. Ruihgr cnsgrvc icl ml irgbuambfb ic kc su bgrrmnc eactfnf famm fnfoc ic l ul

pfrfif mb fs na flic . GM erustrfbc pmactc bga I rusfbgr rgf amzc bcs pfsfbfs

oultc f a ic kprgls mna gkgltg lgrvmcsc p mactc lcrv mgtlfkmtf, iuyf ifngzf sg

jmrfnf iuflbc ga ifzf gstfbculmbglsg pfsfnf f tcbf vgaci mbfb oultc f g a.

Bgsj rfi mfbfkgltg, af Kfrmlf lc icligbmc g a rgiclci mkmgltc bga bgr rmnc,

64 qug bgoc f acs mkpamifbcs , fs m ic kc f acs `m stc rm fbcrgs , bmsiutmglbc gs

tf iugs tmcl pfrf af pcs tgrmbfb. Wlc bg acs fspgi tcs bg gs tg glXrglafkmgl-

64 `f s mbc burfltg kui`c tmgkpc sm ga pmactc bga Km J sf mtc iuflbc bgsiunrmc

qug sus fbvgrsf rm cs grfl acs E-Y gl au jfr bg acs E-2 . Tcr supugs tc, acs pm

actcs bg acs Irusfbgr fem rkfl qug gs tf rgfii mcl rgsuatfnf ic kprglsmnagbfbf af pcbgrcsf rgputfimcl bga E-Y. Yml gknfrjc , ickc sg mmfaf g a II Rui

hgr, sc ac fq aaga pmac tc bg a Km J 64 sf ng icl ig rtgzf y bgsbg `fig kui`c

sg `f gsiclbmbc gl af sgjurmbfb bga flclmk ftc .

Gt II Bmih Zykfl ickprugnf

ul kmsma Ymbgwmlbgr. Zykfl

bgrrmn5 ul KmJ-6: gl bmimgknrg

bg 6=5: bgspugs bg ulc bg acs

glergltfkmgltcs fgrgcs kfs

prcacljfbcs bg af jugrrf.

GM Ifp. Bflhwcrt` (f af bgrgi`f),

IC bga Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb, egamimtf

fa II Kygrs bgspugs bgt bgrrmnc

bg ul K mJ.

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f...1!?W

AF UFAC^FIMIL

BGA GLGKMJC

Burfltg tcbf af jugrrf acs fv mfbcrgs bg GG WW sg glergltfrcl faf pgquglf UTFE, y f ulqug acs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs `fnmfl glvmfbc f

sus fprglbmigs bg pmactc f af Wlmcl Ycvmgtmif y f af I`mlf ic

kulm stf bgsbg eml fags bg af bgifbf bg acs flcs i mliugltf, su ickpagkgl

tc bg ifzfs bg rgfii mcl kcbgrlcs s mjum c smglbc pgquglc `fstf af bgifbf

bg acs f amcs sgtgltf. Af W^YY glvmc 95 KmJ-6 : pfrf rgecrzfr ga gx mjuc

lukgrc bg c nsc agtcs KmJ-MY gl 6=59 y, iclsmjum gltgkgltg, af UTF E ecr

kc ga => 6 ^gj mkmgltc bg Ifzf. Gl 6=:> tfknm gl fpfrgimgrcl ulcs pcics

K mJ- 6= nmkctcrgs , qug prgs tfrcl sus sgrvmimcs gl ga =>7 ^gj mkmgltc bg

Ifzf8 fqa/ga/cs KmJ grfl rgf akgltg ic pm fs O-5 bg efnrmifi mcl i`mlf.

Acs kcbgrl cs KmJ-> 6 Qagjf rcl gl 6=57 pfrf rggqumpfr fa => 6, iuycsKm J- 6: fyubfrcl f s u vgz f ecrkfr ga lugvc =>9 ^gj mkmgltc bg Ifzf. Yml

gknfrjc, acs KmJ->6 scac gltrfrcl cifsmclfakgltg gl icknftg burfltg acs

bcs flcs s mjumgltgs trfs su fpfrmimcl ga >9 bg f nrma bg 6=55, iuflbc pgrbmg

rcl ul KmJ ergltg f ac s E-2 bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf bg GG WW (WYFE). GM pg

sc prmlimpfa bg afs iclercltfi mclgs icl acs gstfbculmbglsgs rgifyc pcr 64

tfltc gl afs ulmbfbgs bg KmJ-6 :, qug fi tufrcl bgsbg g a ifbf vgz kfycr lu

kgrc bg ifkpcs bg fv mfi mcl pcr tcbf af gxtglsmcl bg Um gtlfk bga crtg.

Gl ga pgrmcbc bga Mlimbgltg bga jc aec bg Rclhml gl fjcstc bg 6=52, af

UTFE sc ac bmspclmf bg ul ifkpc bg fvmfi mcl mkpcrtfltg, gl T`ui ]gl,

fa lcrcgstg bg @flc m. Yml gknfrjc, gl 6=50 ctrcs trgs ifkpcs bg fvmfimcl mkp crtfltg s (Hgp , Jmf Afk -g a prmlimpfa fg rcpugrtc ickgrimfa bga

pfms- y ]gl Nf m) y trgs pm stfs bg gkgrjgli mf f angrjfnfl f acs KmJ.

Acs pmac tcs bg af UTFE grfl, g l su k fycr pfrtg, ocvglgs g mlgxpgrtcs y

ags ef atfnf gl jrfl kgbmb f ga mltglsc fbmgstrfkm gltc bg sus gqumvfagltgs

bg af Kfrmlf, bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf y bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf bg GG WW,

qug sg bfnf pcr supugstc. Gl fajulcs sgltmbcs , af g buifimcl rurfa bg ku

i`cs bg acs pmac tcs bg acs KmJ bg af UTFE tfknmgl euli mclc gl su icl

trf, yf qug ags `fimf rgaftmvfkgltg gxtrflcs f iufaqumgr kfqumlf rmf kfs

ickpamifbf qug ulf nmimiagtf. Y ml gknfrjc, acs pmactcs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs grfl

gltusmfs tfs y tglm fl jflfs bg fprglbgr, fulqug ga fprglbmzfog Qagjf rf icl

g a prgi mc bg af pgrbmbf bg kui`cs bg sus ickpftrmctfs ergltg f acs E-2 y

f acs E- M 47 qug vc afnfl scnrg su pft rmf gl ifbf vgz kfycr luk grc.

Icl rgspgitc fa bgrrmnc bg fvmclgs gstfbculmbglsgs,

ga prgkm c pfrgimf sgr ga E-0. Yc amc ciurrmr qug af UTFE

rgiQfkc fagj rgkgltg ickc bgrrmnfbcs kui`cs Irusf

bgr bg af Kfrml f qug sg rgiupgrfrcl ickpagtfkgltg nmgl

f ncrbc bg su nuqug 4 fa kglcs gl tmgrrf g l Bf Lflj.

Acs ml ecrkgs gstfbculmbglsgs ftrmnuygl af nfof bg

sc ac trgs E-0 bmrgi tfkgltg f acs KmJ (tcbcs gl 6=55)

f 64 afrjc bg acs ci `c flcs bg af jugrrf, fulqug fa

julcs rgs uatfrcl tfl j rfvg maagltg bflfbcs qug fa Qag

jf r f ifsf eugrcl bgsjufzfbcs. TCM' 64 tfltc, pfrf acs

Gl ulf gsiglf qug sg rgpmtmc

kui`fs vgigs gl af jugrrf,

acs fjrmiuatcrgs lcrv mgtlfkmtfs

(fajulcs frkfbcs) mlspgiimclfl

acs rgstcs bga E-0I bga FL I. T.

_u`cshm (NuL" 6250=2) gl ul nfrrmc

bg @flcm. GM ifzf bga UE-666 eug

faiflzfbc pcr ul YFK ga 96

bg ouamc bg 6=5:8 su ocvgl pmactc

sfmtc y eug ifpturfbc.

qug bmserutfl trfnfoflbc icl afs i merfs. af prcpcrimcl



bg 5 f 6 qug sg imtf `fn mtufa kgltg pfrf ga Irusfbgr

icl rgafi mcl f acs bgrrmncs y f afs nfofs (M Y bgrrmncs

cem imfags bg acs Km J pcr acs E-Y ergltg f 9 E-Y pg r

bmbcs fltg acs KmJ) sg pugbg kcbmemif r brfstmifkgltg

f ul 2 ,7 f M, 4 kglcs. Gl uatmkf mlstfli mf sg pgrbmg

rcl smgtg I ru sfbgr ftfif ltgs bg acs KmJ 8 trgs eugrcl

bgrrmnfbcs pcr af frtmaag rmf fltmfg rgf, ulc eug tfl jrf

vgkgltg faif lzfbc qug bgspugs bg su glergltfkmgl

tc icl ga KmJ eug rgtm rf bc bga sgrvmimc y trgs qugbfrc l

mlut mam zfbcs pcr pgrifligs cpgrftmvcs.

Af iugstmcl bg sm acs KmJ bgrrmnfrcl f kfs bg trgs E-Y gstf tcbfvmf fnmgr

tf f af mltgrprgtfimcl. Af ]TFE rgiQfkf `fstf 69 bgrrmncs bg E-Y, ickgl

zflbc g l fnrm a bg 6=57. Yml gknfrjc, gs ul `gi`c qug tcbcs acs E- YG bga

]E-> 66 mkpamifbcs gl fquga glergltfkm gltc aMgjfrcl f nc rb c bga nuqug 4,

gl ul ifsc, f Bf Lflj. Ickc tcbfs afs jglgrfi mclgs bg fvmfbcrgs bg ick

nftg, gl ga Erfjcr bg af fiimcl acs ocvg lgs pm actcs bg acs Km J icleu lbmgrc l

ga `ukc y acs rgstcs bg kgtfa ickc iclemrkfimclgs bg bgrrmncs, gl aujfr

bg bfmmcs kglcrgs qug pgrkmtmfl f acs fv mclgs bg GG WW rgj rgsfr f ifsf.

AIWFLRCY BG^^ MNCY3Rfknmgl `f irgi mbc ulf imgr tf icleusmcl scnrg vfrm cs pcs mnags sgjulbcs

bgrrmncs bg fvmfbcrgs bg acs E- Y (fs m ic kc bg fajulcs bg af WYFE), gl

pfrtg qumzf bgnmbc f qug afs Eugrzfs Frkfbfs bg GG WW lc bgsgfnfl bfr

punamimbfb f fqug aac qug sg gsiui`fnf gl afs ergi uglimfs bg af ]TFE. Gs

prcnfnag qug gl g a ifsc bg a sgjulbc bgrrmnc bg @fa Kfrr (flctfbc ce m

imfakgltg ickc "prcnfnag") acs icltrcafbcrgs bg af Kfrmlf sg gltgrfrfl

bg qug ga Km J `fnm f rgsuatfbc bgrrmnfbc, pcsm na gkglt g iuflbc su pma ctc

sf Mtc, 4 qumzf iuflbc ulc bg acs fs m aMfkfbcs "cnsgrvf bcrgs bg afs icam

lfs" ickulmic af lc tmimf . Ml bgpglbmgltgkgltg bg iuf a eugrf af eu gltg ,

bgspugs bg kfs bg 94 fmmcs sg sfng pgregi tfkgltg qug acs gstfbculmbgl

sgs icltrcafnfl afs trflskmsmclgs bg rfbm c bga glgkmjc (lc `fy lfbf kf

Mc g l gsc, gs pgi mf ak g lt g g l tm gkpcs bg ju g rr f) y qu g ul f rgb bg

cnsgrvfbcrgs scnrg ga tgrrglc Maafltglm fl rgj mstrcs bg qug fvmclgs ifmfl.

Tcr 64 tfltc, `f aMgjf bc ga kckgltc bg icligbgr f @fa Kfrr su o ustf

kgltg kgrgi mbc rgic lci mkmglt c bg ul sgjulbc bgrrmnc . Tcic bgspugs bg

af fiimcl, ul kmgknrc bg af paflf kfycr gl Tgf ra @frncr ickulmic fa

IC bg a ]E->6 6 qug g a bgrr mnc `fnm f s mbc ic lemrkfbc, pgrc qug lc sg rg

iclcig rm f pfrf prctgjg r af eugltg bg af ic le mrkfi mcl, prcnfna gkgltg ul

"cnsgrvfbcr bg afs icamlfs".

Fulq ug gstg prcnagkf lc gs lugvc gl af fv mfi mcl bg icknftg, `fy ctrcs

pmactcs bg acs E-Y qug bgrrmnfrcl KmJ ickc T`ma Zccb y Rmk @unnfrb

qug prcnfna gkglt g tfknmgl tmglgl vmitcrm fs fbm imclfags qug sc ac sg `fl

rgjmstrfbc c emim fakglt g ickc prcnfna gs . GM f`crf rgtmrfbc I Zccb cpm

lf qug "scac acs 'cnsgrvfbcrgs bg afs icamlfs ' 64 sfngl icl sgjurmbfb" .

Ym , ickc gl ga ifsc bg @fa Kfrr, g a iclci mkmgltc gs kfs bge mlmtmvc, gs

tcs `cknrgs kgrgigl ul gs eu grzc fbmimclfa pcr pfrtg bg af Kfrmlf pfrf

rgiclcig rags emlfakgltg sus sgjulbcs bgrrmncs.

]f qug jrfi mfs f Maaui`cs gseugrzcs y f a tm gkpc afs Eugrzfs Frkfbfs

bg GG WW iclbgicrfl cifs mclfakgltg icl af Kgbf aaf bg @clcr f `ck

nrgs qug prgstf rc l sus sg rvmimcs gl af QM Jugrrf Kulbmf a (ic l igrtgzf o us

tfkgltg kgrgimbf mliQusc tfltc tm gkpc bgspugs), sgjurfkglt g lc pfsf rm f

Wl KmJ-6: Ergsic I bgspgjf

gl ulf kmsmcl bg mltgrigptfimcl

gl 6=50, pcsmnagkgltg bgsbg ga

Fgrcpugrtc bg Jmf Afk. GM KmJ-6:,

`grgbgrc bga KmJ-67 bg af jugrrf

bg Icrgf, grf ul nugl ifzf pfrf af

pgquglf UTFE, qug mlmi mfakgltg

scac bmspusc bg ifpfimbfb t gilmif

y fpcyc am kmtfbcs. Afs trmpuafimclgs

bg GG WW rgspgtfnfl af ifpfimbfb

bg vmrfog y acs iflclgs pgsfbcs

bg acs K mJ. Bgstfif af mlsmjl mf

lfimclf!, qug rgiugrbf

lctfnagkgltg f af bg afs Eugrzfs

Frkfbfs bg GG WW .

4 -?z

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79



w(/ )

c-';<M-f..«u

lfbf pcr ulcs iufltcs bmfs pf

rf icrrcncrfr `gi`cs bg `fig 94

flcs. Acs "cnsgrvfbcrgs bg afs

icamlfs" igrif bg @flcm lc pug

bgl sgr acs ulmics qug iclcz

ifl af vgrbfb.

Bga kmskc kcbc, rgsuatf ick

prglsmnag qug acs cemimf ags bg rg

afimclgs punamifs bg af Kfrmlf,

flf amzflbc afs rgulmclgs cpgrf

tmvfs pcstgrmcrgs bg sus fjctfbcs

y f atgrfbcs fvmfbcrgs, lc bgsggl

fbkmtmr kfs qug ulfs iufltfs nfof s bg acs Irusfbgr ergltg f acs KmJ8 sm ul

E-0 lc rgjrgsfnf y af rfzcl lc gstfnf tctfakgltg iafrf, gltcligs af nfof bga

Irusfbgr sg ftrmnuaf `fnmtufakgltg f af frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf 4 f ul YFK, lc

f ul pmactc bg ifzf glgkmjc.

Acs FYGY BG AF UTFEGstf ickglzflbc f punamifrsg imgrtc kftgrmfa scnrg af UTFE y sus kgoc

rgs pmactcs, fYM ickc gltusmfstfs bmfrmcs pgrsclfags. GM prcacljfbc bgnf

tg scnrg sm g a kgocr fs bg af UTFE, Icrclga Rckn. aagjc f gxmstmr rgfakgltg

pugbg qug sg `fyf rgsugatc pcr eml `fstf imgrtc pultc.

@unc vfrmcs pmactcs bmgstrcs gl af UTFE y pfrgig qug fa kglcs ùnc

ulf bciglf bg fsgs qug surjmgrcl pmactflbc acs KmJ icl afs gstrgaafs rc

ofs. Fa kgocr, Ifp. Ljuygl Ufl Ici, sg Mg rgiclcimgrcl lugvg bgrrmncs,

kmgltrfs qug ctrcs pmactcs rgiafkfrcl imlic (gl af fitufambfb Ici kfl

bf af UTFE ickc jglgrfa bg bmvmsmcl). Gl iufltc fa glmjkftmic Icrclga

Rckn. pugbg qug eugrf ul pmactc bg acs KmJ bg lcknrg Rcl, iuyc lck

nrg eug kfa prclulimfbc 4 gsirmtc pcr acs pgrmcbmstfs ciimbgltfags, gspg

imf akgltg acs gstfbcul mbglsgs. Ickc `f fsgjurfbc rgimgltgkgltg ul

icrrgspclsfa, " Rckn grf kui`c kfs brfkftmic". Rcl pfrgig `fngr smbc

ul lcknrg igauAf (f ajc fsm ickc ul bmstmltmvc bg aafkfbf) ctcrjfbc f

Ljuygl @clj L`m, ul fs icl ci`c bgrrmncs (g a fpcbc bga Ifp. Ljuygl

Ufl Ici pcbrmf `fngr smbc NmgA/) .

Fpfrgltgkgltg, Rcl kurmc gl icknftg ga aCbg kfyc bg 6=:>, pgrc lc

gl ga glergltfkmgltc KmJ-6:/E-2 icl acs ulmics fsgs bg af Kfrmlf bg

GG WW II ^flby Iullmlj`fk y FL Zmaamg Brmsicaa. Acs fvmfbcrgs bga

UE-=5 Ya eugrcl icltrf ul bmgstrc pmactc bg acs KmJ-6:, fa qug smkpagkgl

tg sg Mg fifnc af sugrtg y ga icknustmnag, pgrc lc eug Rckn 4 Rcl, qug lcpmactfnf ga kfs fltmjuc bg acs KmJ. Tfrgig qug ga II Iurt Bcsg y ga II

Omk KiBgvmtt bga UE-=> bgrrmnfrcl ga KmJ->6 bg Rcl scnrg ga ifkpc bg

fvmfimcl bg Hgp gl af kflflf bga aCbg kfyc bg 6=:>, oustc iuflbc ga fs

bg af UTFE bgspgjfnf pfrf mltgrigptfr ulf mliursmcl bg GG WW8 iuftrc `c

rfs fltgs bga glergltfkmgltc gl ga qug pfrtmimpfrcl Iullmlj`fk y Brmsicaa.

Fa mjufa qug kui`fs eugrzfs fgrgfs pcic iclcimbfs (gspgimfakgltg afs

bg acs pfmsgs fsmftmics), `f `fnmbc ulf tglbglimf f kglcsprgimfr af ifpf

imbfb bg acs pmactcs bg af UTFE. Tgrc sm ùnc kui`cs pmactcs ocvglgs bg

acs KmJ qug gltrfrcl gl icknftg icl fpglfs 744 `crfs bg tmgkpc tctfa ,

ùnc ul jrupc bg fvmfbcrgs fjrgsmvcs y gxpgrmkgltfbcs qug sg glergltfrcl f acs trmpuafltgs bg acs E-0 y bg acs E-2 scnrg ulf nfsg kfs gqum am-

nrfbf. Fajul bmf su `mstcrmf sg icltfrf pcr ickpagtc.

Wlf mkfjgl tmpmif bg ul ifkpc

bg fvmfim5l ickulmstf gl af qug

fpfrgigl trgs pmactcs bg acs KmJ-

>6 TE bg af UTFE pfsgflbc oultc

f af amlgf bg vugac, ickgltflbc

qumzf su tfitmif bg vugac icltrf acs

gstfbculmbglsgs. Aagvfl pugstcs

trfogs fltm-J, ga ifsic bg gstmac

scv`!tmic icl vmscrgs kcltfbcs

gl ga gxtgrmcr y, supclgkcs, ga

gqumvfagltg scvm,!tmic f af ifzfbcrf

bg vugac. Yus Ems`ngb 4 aMgvfl

kmsmags fmrg-fmrg Ftcaa, icpmfs bg acs

Ymbgwmlbgr pmrftgfbcs.

Ljuygl Ufl Nfy eug ul fs bga

KmJ-6:. Fbgkfs bg pfrtmimpfr gl af

scrprglbgltg sgrmg bg mliursmclgs

bg 6=:> icltrf acs nuqugs bg

GG WW, pugbg qug tfknmgl eugrf gapmactc bgrrmnfbc (`fnmtufakgltg

iclcimbc ickc Ica Rckn, fulqug

bg ecllf gqumvcifbf) pcr af pfrgof

bg fsgs bga UE-=5 ecllfbf pcr

^flby Iullmlj`fk y Zmaamg Brmsicaa

ga 64 bg kfyc bg 6=:> ickc su

tgrigr bgrrmnc bg fquga bmf. Aagvf

pugstfs afs jfefs y ga ifsic

bg pfmmc bg kfrif bg acs pmactcs bg

acs KmJ y tfknmgl kugstrf smgtg

pfri`gs Wliag @c, ulc pcr ifbf

ulf bg sus vmitcrmfs.



, ,

KFY FAAF BG ACY KmJ

Fulqug acs bgrrmncs bg acs Km J smgkprg sg aagvfrcl acs tm tua frgs,

`unc kui`cs fspgitcs rutmlfrmcs gl af ifrrgrf bg icknftg bg acs

pmactcs bg acs E-0, ickc vmvmr gl ul gsiufbrcl y smkpagkgltg sc

nrgvmvmr f ul bgspamgjug bg sgms kgsgs. IFA Ywflscl if aiuac qug ul Km J

fpfrgimf qumzf ulf vgz ifbf >44 km smclgs . " Tfrgimf qug `fnmf ulf gspfl

tcsf ifltmbfb bg gxpcs mimcl fa eugjc fltmfgrgc tgrrgs trg, f af frtmaagrmf fl

tmfgrgf y f acs YFK pfrf lc bflfr kui`c fa glgkmjc" , femrkfnf g a.

GM II Yi`feegrt bga UE- MMM ickgltc? "F M emlfa bg af trfvgs mf bg 6=5: -

6=50 (f ncrbc bga Crmshfly) grfkcs ulf ulmbfb fjugrrmbf. Mli ausc ic l

smgtg o5vglgs, tglm fkcs ulf kgbm f bg kfs bg 044 `crfs pcr pmactc icl ga

Irusfbgr, icl kfs bg 644 kmsmclgs bg icknftg".

@unc kui`cs pgrsclfogs bgltrc bg a Faf Fgrgf 65 bga Crmshfly, pgrc

sg jflfrcl su nrmaafltg rgputfi mcl pcr ga `gi`c bg qug g a IUZ-6 5 suermc

ga kfycr lukgrc bg nfofs bg af jugrrf. GM faf fgrgf bmrmj mc kui`cs ftf

qugs Fap`f ic ltrf af mltglsf cpcsmimcl bga glgkmjc. Icl ulf bctfi mcl `f

nmWafa bg i mlic gsiufbrclgs, :4 pmactcs y 54 fv mclgs, g a IUZ pgrbmc 9:

fvmclgs y >5 pmactcs bgsbg ouamc bg 6=5: `fstf glgrc bg 6=50 . Gl af trf

vgs mf fltgrmcr gl 6=55, ga faf `fnmf pgrbmbc `fstf 99 pmactcs, ml iaumbcs

sgms `cknrgs qug eugrcl bgiafrfbcs bgsf pfrgimbcs gl icknftg.

Jrfl pfrtg bg af bctfi mcl bg 6=55 ickpagtc su gxpgrmglimf gl g a ml

iglbmc qug suermc ga Crmshfly g a >5 bg citunrg bg 6=55, ulf bg afs trgs

ic leafj rfi mclgs qug sg prcbuo grcl gl trgs pcrtffv mclgs bmegrgltgs bu

rfltg af jugrrf. Gltrg afs nfo fs bg a Faf Fgrgf 65 `unc kui`cs pmactcs ,

mliaumbc g a o geg bg a fa f fgrgf8 g a IE Ngaamljgr bga UE-6 5> eug lcknrfbc

pfrf iunrmr g a pugs tc.

IFA Ywflscl , pcr gltcligs sgjulbc og eg bga UE-6 5>, sg sf avc f sm

kmskc y f ctrcs 69 `cknrgs f a aagvfracs fa nuqug mliglbmfbc y glicltrfr

rgeujmc gl ul trclic vgrtmif a gl af sgjulbf iunmgrtf. Bgspugs bg bcs `c

rfs y kgbmf Ywflscl gstfnagi mc icltfitc icl ul gqumpc bg rgpfrfi mcl, qug

rgtmrc f acs `gr mbcs kfs jrfvgs bg a jrupc. F icltmlufimcl, Ywflscl jumc

fa rg stc bg af jgltg `fs tf pclg rmcs f sf avc.

Iuflbc ga Crmshfly gstuvc rgpfrfbc y prgpfrfbc pfrf ctrc bgspamg

jug gl fnrma bg 6=5: , Ywflsc l grf yf ga IC bg acs @ultgr. Gl ul kc

kgltc bfbc lc `fnm f suem i mgltgs E-0G tfltc pfrf g a UE-MMM ickc pfrf

g a UE -65> ] gl ulf bgi ms mcl ul tfltc frnmtrfrmf, ga fakmrfltg bg Kmrf

kfr rgfsmjlc acs Gi`c bm spclmna gs f acs Yulbcwlgr y gltrgjc acs E-0I

f a UE-6 5>, icl jrfl iclstgrlfi mcl pcr pfrtg bg a lugvc ogeg bg acs @ul-

tgr. Ywflscl pafltgc qug su ulmbfb tglmf kui`f kfs gxpgrmgli mf gl acs

ftfqugs tgrrgstrg s y qug, pcr g aac, bgngrm f bm spclgr bg acs E- 0G icl afs

fa fs bg pultfs burfs. GM f akmrfltg 64 rgiclsmbgrc y augjc aflzc ulf kc

lgbf qug ifyc bga afbc bg acs @ultgr.

Gl fquga kckgltc, af ncknf kfs `fnmWafa grf af ncknf bg `mgrrc Kh 0>

bg >>0 hj. Yml gknfrjc, pfrgimf `fngr ul jrfl frsglfa bg ncknfs Kh 54

bg af MM Jugrrf Kulbmfa tcbfvmf fakfiglfbfs y gspgrflbc sgr usfbfs8 gs tf

sgjulbf ncknf sg bm stmljumf pcr su fpfrmglimf kfs rcWmlbf gl ickpfrfimcl

icl af sgrmg kcbgkf Kh 0>. Afs Kh 54, fbfptfbfs icl fafrjfbcrgs pfrf afs

gspcagtfs, rgsuatfrcl sgr nuglfs gamkmlfbcrfs bg af frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf.

s?O< .(e)

O<..O< .

crl.c(e)

77



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O

"Cntu vmkcs rgsuatfbcs b mvgrscs icl afs ncknfs bg rfi mkcs gl iufltc

f af gamkmlfi mcl bg af frtm aag rmf fltm fg rgf", rgiugrb f Ywflsc l. " Grf ic k

p amifbc utmamzf ra fs pc rq ug tglm fs qug gstfr o ustc gl af glvcavgltg bg vug-

64 pfrf ic lsgjumr ulf nuglf pcs mimcl gl ga tgrrglc."

Gl ul f cifsmcl Ywf lsc l y su pul tc, Ncn Tuli`gs , sf amgrcl gl ulf km

smcl bg g amkmlfi mcl bg frtmaag rmf fltmfgrgf icl afs Kh 57 , icrtfrl{a/jfrm-

tfs. Af smtufimcl iamkftc acj mif scnrg g a naflic prmlimpfa grf kfaf, fsm qug

Ywf lscl bmrmjmc su gsiufbrmaaf gl ga rgiclci mkmgltc frkfbc bg ul rmc fa

surcgstg bg @fmp`clj.

Acs pmactcs bg acs bcs E-0, mlifpfigs bg glic ltrfr lmljulf nfrifzf gl

ga rmc, bmrmjmgrcl su ftgli mcl `fi mf ul pugltg. Gl ul sufvg bgsiglsc gl

pm ifbc bg 64 jrfbcs, g a og eg prgpfrc sus iuftrc ncknfs. Tgrc cav mbc fr

kf rafs y afs ncknfs lc ifygrcl. Bm sj ustfbc, bmc af vug Mtf pfrf ctrf pf

sfbf. Fqugaaf vgz , afs ncknfs ifygrcl oultc fa pugltg, y prcvcifrcl ulf

gxpa cs mcl sgi ulb frm f. Bgspugs, su pultc rgf amzc su aflzfkm gltc y ic ls m

jum c mkpfitcs b mrgi tcs gl ga pugltg.

Iuflbc rgj rgsfrcl fa nuqug g ml ecrkfrcl, acs bcs pmactcs bg acs @ul-

tgr bgsiunrmgrcl qu g g a pugltg pgrrglgimf f ul pmactc bg acs F-2 bga

]F -6 59 , qug 64 `fnmf iclvgrtmbc gl su naflic pgrsclfa burfltg vf rmcs bm fs.

GM ]E -6 5> pgrbmc imlic fvmclgs gl ic knftg y bcs gl pgrifligs cpgrf

tm vcs burfltg fqug aaf trfvgsmf8 bcs pmactcs kurmgrcl gl icknftg y ulc eu g

ifpturfbc. Ywf lscl eu g ga ulmic fvmfbcr bg tcbc ga faf qug rgf amzc pg

rmcbcs bg sg rvmimc ic kpagtcs ickc sgjulb c ogeg y ickc IC.

GM 6= bg ou amc bg 6=5: Ywflsc l pgrbmc f su sgjulb c ogeg, @grn @ul

tgr, iuyc E-0 suermc vfrmcs mkpfitcs gl ga faf y gl ga eu sg afog burfltg ulf

kmsmcl. @ultgr, qug mltgltc aMgjf r fa Crmshfly icl afs ncknfs qug lc pc

bmf aflzfr fa kfr, sg fprcxmkc fa Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb. qug gstfnf kfs

ig rif y qug gstfnf rgi mnmglbc fvmclgs . @ultgr bgsiglbmc kui`c kfs rf

pmbc bg 64 lcrkfa y jc apgc af iunmgrtf icl tfltf eugrzf qug afs trgs pftfs

bg a trgl bg f tgrr mzfo g sg bgsprglbmgrcl iuflbc g a jfli`c bg icaf lc acj rc

suogtfrsg fa ifnag bg erglfbc fa qug sg `fnm f gljfli`fbc. GM fvmcl bg @ul

tgr sg bgs amzc eu grf bg af iunmgrtf gl fljuac bga pcrtffv mclgs y ifyc fa

fj uf, aMgvf lbcsg f su pmactc icl g a.

" @grn grf ulc bg acs kgocrgs pmactcs qug ofkfs `g ic lci mbc y tglmf icl

e mflzf gl su ifpfi mbfb pfrf glergltfrsg f acs ifprmi`cs bg a Irusfbgr" , bm

oc Ywflsc l. Ncn Fukfih ciupc ga pugs tc bg @ultgr ickc sgjulbc og eg.

Wlc bg acs pgrsc lfo gs kfs pgi uamfrgs gl ul kulbc Maglc bg gs tg tmpc

bg jg ltg eu g g a II Ocsgp` Yftrfpf . ]caflbc ic l g a Bgstfif kgltc M M bgE-0I bg a ]E- M a a f ncrbc bga alrrgpmb gl 6=50, rgf amzc kmsmclgs bg tcbc

tmpc, tcbfs icl ul gs pgi mfa mkpgtu qug tcbfvmf bgof f af jgltg kcvmglbc

af ifngzf fa kglimclfr su lcknrg. Yu bmstmltmvc bg aMfkfbf c rmjmlfa eu g

^ c f b r u l pgrc pcs tg rmcrkgltg 64 ifknm c pcr @fsgr8 lcknrg fltg ga

iufa tcbfvmf rgspclbg.

GM vgrflc bg 6=50 eug ul pg rmcbc erglgtmic gl ga kfr bg I`mlf kgrm

bm clfa, ickc rgi ugrbf @fsgr Yftrfpf?

" Kg ic lci mfl ic kc ul tmc ul pcic acic y irgmfl qug lgigsmtfnf mr

fic aa6pfm'mfbc bg f ajum gl. Fs m qug g rf ga pultc bg Rcctgr Rgfjug, ga C MLI

(c emimf a f a kflbc) bga bgstfif aa6gltc."F Ytrfpf Mg justfnf vcafr icl ul ifnf aac bg nftfaaf burc ickc Rgfjug,

qug sc amf `fig r iufaqumgr icsf pfrf bm spclgr bg ulf cpcrtulmbfb icl acs

KmJ. ]c aflbc icl ga ]E-7 M, Rgfjug e mlf aaa6gltg iclsmjumc ul KmJ-6 : icl

GM II Oc g Yftrfpf rgfamzf

af mlspgiimcl prgvmf bga fsmgltc

bg gxpuasmcl bg su Irusfbgr fltgs

bg fnrci`frsg pfrf ulf kmsmcl

gl 6=50. Bgstfifl afs imltfs bg afs

pmgkfs oustc pcr bgnfoc bg afs

rcbmaafs ("Mmjf s" )8 ga pmactc flubfnf

ul imlturcl f trfvgs bg afs `gnmaafs

bg afs imltfs iuflbc sg icacifnf

gl ga fs mgltc. F icl tmlufimcl,

iclgitfnf 06 gxtrgkc sugatc

bga imlturcl f af nfsg bga fsmgltc.

Ym tglmf qug sfatfr, ga imlturcl

tmrfnf mlstfltflgfkgltg bg afs

pmgkfs icltrf ga fs mgltc pfrf gvmtfr

afs sfiub mbfs burfltg af gagvfimcl

bga fsmgltc.



Wl E-YO bga UE->66 sg rgfnfstgig

bg icknustmnag bgsbg ul HF-90

burfltg ulf kmsmcl IFT scnrg

ga jcaec bg Rclhml gl 6=:>. GM F-9,

bmsgmmfbc crmjmlfakgltg ickc

ul ncknfrbgrc luiagfr icl nfsg

gl pcrtffvmclgs, glicltrc su

eulimcl kfs prcacljfbf ickc

imstgkf fgrctrflspcrtfbf8 acs HF-9

sfavfrcl amtgrfakgltg f imgltcs bg

fvmclgs bfmmfbcs gl icknftg qug

mltgltfnfl rgjrgsfr pglcsfkgltg

f sus nuqugs .

ul E-2 gl oulmc bg 6=:>.

Yftrfpf icltmluf?

"Gl km 67" kmsmcl vcaf-

nf kuy igrif bg Rcctgr y

rgf am zf kcs ul f IF T bg

KmJ gl tcrlc f Tùi ]gl,

ul gs tfi mclfkm gltc bg if-

kmclgs 4 pultc bg mltg r-

ifknmc bg ifrjfs, ul naflic

lc gsglimf a. Rcbcs sfnmfkcs qug sm pcbmfk cs icrtfr afs Mmlgfs eg rrcvmf

rmfs `fi mf I`mlf y nacqugfr y kmlfr ga pugrtc bg @fmp`clj, af jugrrf sg

tgrkmlfrmf gl sgms sgkflfs. Lc sg pcr qu g lc 64 `mi mkcs .

"Gl fqug aaf kmsmcl IFT bg Km J `fnmf kui`f fi tmvmbfb gagitrclm if, pcr

64 qug sfnmfkcs qug prcnfna gkgltg lc `fnrmf lmljul KmJ. Acs F-2 afl

zfrcl sus ncknfs y acs bga Mrcl @flb faiflzfrcl ul pfr bg pcs mimclgs

bg af frtmaag rmf fltmfg rgf y lcsctrcs rgf amzfkcs ul pfr bg km smclgs bg if

zf Mmnrg bgspugs bg qug sg eug rfl. Kg bm iugltf bg qug gstfnfkcs nfofl

bc nfstfltg . ]c gxpacrg pcr bgafltg, vcafnf gl ga afbc bgrgi`c bg Rcc agM' ,pcr bgtrfs f ulcs >4´ bg su gstgaf, f ulcs 604 kgtrcs. GM kg bmc af sglfa

bg bm spfrc y yc kmrg `fi mf fnfoc y vm fquga ifkpc bg fv mfi mcl. Um ul

KmJ -6 : g l ul rgeu jmc icl jgltg fargbgbcr.

" Augjc vm ickc sf amf ùkc bg af pfrtg supgrmcr bga faf bg Rcctgr pcr

64 qug kg bm iugltf bg qug gstfnf bm spfrflbc sus iflclgs. ]c tfknmgl

ickglig f bmspfrf r. Lc sfnmf f 64 qug Mg gstfnf bflbc, smkpagkgltg vc

afnf bgprmsf. Figagrfkcs `fstf acs 774-544 lubcs. Yf amf gstgaf bg icl

bglsfi mcl bga faf bg Rcctgr.

"^gjrgsfkcs fa nuqug icl ulf gltrfbf f 744 lubcs gl mlmimfa y lcs bg

tuvmkcs .

"Burfltg af ickulmifi mcl pcstgrmcr Mg bmog? ' G`, `fstf bclbg sg, fqug-

664 g rf Tùi ]gl ' . Rcc tgr kg kmrc y pusc ul bgbc sc nrg af ncif? 's```` ' ."

AF MLUFYMCL BG AF YGKFLF YFLRF BG 6=:>Zfs`mljtcl bgtuvc afs km smclgs ^caamlj Rùlbgr f e mlfags bg citunrg bg

6=50. Fulqug af jugrrf fgrgf gltrc gl ul pgrmcbc bg ifakf bg trgs flcs ,

g a icknftg gl tmgrrf ic ltmluc. Emlfakgltg, acs ickulmstfs bgi mbmgrcl rg

f amzfr ul jrfl fvflig y gl ga uatmkc e ml bg sgkflf bg 6=:> sg aflzfrcl

f trfvgs bg af zclf bgskmamtf rmzfbf, `fstf bgo fr f acs survmgtlfkmtfs tfk

nf agfltgs. Af kfycr pfrtg bg af pctglimf fgrgf gstfbculmbglsg `fnmf s mbc

bgvug atf f ifsf, 4 f a kglcs f Ofpcl, y eu g rfpmbfkgltg trfm bf bg rgjrgsc

f afs nfsgs bg Umgtlfk bg a Yur y Rf maflbm f pfrf rgecrzfr f afs fturbmbfs

eugrzfs bga Jcnm grlc bg Yfmjcl.

Km gltrfs icltmlufnf af kfs mvf mlygii mcl bg pctglimf fg rgf bg GG WW,

acs E-0 sg glicltrfrcl ulf vgz kfs bg vug atf gl ga kgc aac bga icknftg,

fulqug lc tglbrmfl cpcrtulmbfb bg fukgltfr su amstf bg bgrrmncs bg acs

KmJ. Km gltrfs acs Ê-0, qug lulif `fnm fl bgofbc g a ergltg, rgf amzfrcl ulf

mltglsf suigsmcl bg kmsmclgs bg rgiclci mkmgltc, acs ifzfs vc afnfl bgs

bg acs pcrtffv mclgs >:I icl iun mg rtfs kfs pgquglfs. Af icligltrfi mcl

bg rgiurscs eug rfpmbf y bglsf, tfltc gl fvmclgs ickc g l `cknrgs. Af ml

tglsmbfb bg af vmcaglimf fgrgf tfknmgl aM gjc pcr scrprgsf.GM II @glry Am vm ljstclg, ickc fv mfbcr gl su prmkgr pgrmcbc bg sgrvm-

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imc bg a UE->6 6, rgic rbfnf ulf vms mtf bg ul jglgrfa bga Gogrimtc bg R mgrrf, 7:



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gljfaflfbc icl pmstc afs icl mlirustfi mclgs bg

pgrafs y icl ul jrfl imlturcl bcrfbc (g a `moc

bg Jgcrjg Tfttcl), qug sun mc f ncrbc bg su

pcr tffv mclgs y gxpamic ga trfnfoc tfl ml irgmnag

qug acs E-0 `fnmfl `gi`c ncknfrbgflbc af i mu

bfb bg Fl Aci , fa lcrtg bg Yf mjcl, ig rif bg af

Ercltgrf ifkncyflf.

^cbgfbcs bg trgs rgj mkmgltcs lcrvmgtlfkm

tfs, bg iflclgs bg 644 kk y bg ifrrcs bg ick

nftg, acs survmgtlfkmtfs `fn mfl bgeglbmbc af

imubfb burfltg kfs bg 54 bmfs, bgsbg ickm gl

zcs bg fnrma `fstf kgbmfbcs bg oulmc. Eug af prmkgrf nftf aaf gl af qug acs

ick ulmstfs utmam zfrcl ifrrcs bg icknftg. Ifbf fvmcl tfi tmic bg af Kfrmlf

`fnmf smbc ic acifbc trgs 4 iuftrc pcsmimclgs kfs f atc k mgltrfs gspgrfnf su

tukc pfrf qug acs icltrcafbcrgs fgrgcs fvflzfbcs Mg `m imgrfl bgsiglbgr y

ncknfrbgfr ga pgrmkgtrc bg af i mubfb.

Tfrf erustrfimcl bg acs pmactcs bg acs Irusfbgr, rfrfkgltg ags bmrmjmgrcl

kgbmfltg vgitcrgs `fimf ul KmJ gl 6=:> . Gaacs irgmfl emrkgkgltg qug acs

lcrvmgtlfkmtfs lc sg glergltfrmfl f acs Irusfbgr y qug gspgrf rmfl f qug

acs E-0 sg eugrfl bg af zclf fltgs bg aflzfrsg f ftfifr ctrcs fvmclgs gstf

bculmbg lsgs, gspgi mfakgltg f afs ecrkfi mclgs bg ifzfncknfrbgrcs E-2 bg

af Eugrzf Fgrgf. Fulqug acs E-0 vcafnfl icl acs jrflbgs jrup cs bg ftf

qug F ap`f, lulif eu grcl ftfifbcs pcr acs KmJ. f pgsf r bg 64 iufa acs ftf

ifltgs bg af WYFE sg glergltfnfl iclstfltgkgltg f acs ifzfs glgkmjcs.

Gl 6=:> acs E-0 ickglzf rcl f bgsf pfrgig r bg acs gsiufbrclgs bg if

zf. Wlfs iufltfs ulmbfbgs sg fituf amzfrcl icl acs T`fltck MM , fajul fs bg

g amfs rgf amzfrcl ga ifknmc 64 sue mimgltgkgltg prcltc ickc pfrf pmactfr acs

E-2 g l icknftg g l 6=:>. Burfltg tcbc g a uatmkc flc bg af jugrrf scac iuf

trc gsiufbrclgs bg ifzf utmamzfrcl acs E-0? ga UE->2, y ga UE-> 66 gl ga

@flicih y g a U E-6 = 6 y g a UE -6 =2 gl g a Crmshfly. Acs iuftrc gsiufbrc

lgs utm amzfrcl acs E-0O. Tcr supugs tc, acs bgs tfifkgltcs bga UE T-59 sm

jum grcl utmamzflbc acs ^E-0J.

Gl fqug aaf gpcif acs pcrtffv mclgs >:I tfknm gl sg `fnmfl rgtmrfbc gl

jrfl kgbmbf, 64 i uf aamkmtc g a gspfi mc bg i unmgrtf bmspclmnag pfrf acs Iru

sfbgr. Icl af kfri`f bg acs nuqugs kfs fltmjucs ickc ga Rmiclbgrcjf,

ga Mltrgpmb, ga Y`fljrm-Af y g a Ncl @ckkg ^mi`frb, sc ac ga @flicih y g a

Crmshf ly pgrkflgi mgrcl gl g a ergltg.

Bg ec rkf ic rrgaftmvf f su prcacljfbc pg rmcbc bg sgrvmi mc y f su mlgs

tmk fna g if rrgrf bg icknftg, gl uatmkf ml stflimf g a Irusfbgr tuvc imlic

pma ctcs qu g f aif lzfrcl kfs bg 9.444 `crfs icl bmvgrscs kcbgacs bga

E-0. GM prmk gr `cknrg gl cntglgr gsi kfjmic lukgrc bg `crfs eu g g a IE

^m i`frb F. Tgtg Tgtgrs, qug aMgjc f sus 9.444 `crfs icl g a E-0 gl lc

vmgknrg bg 6=: 6. Tgtgrs rgf amzc tfknm gl ifs m 044 ftgrrm zfogs gl acs pcr

tffv mclgs icl g a E-0 , kfs qug lml jul ctrc pmactc bg a Irusfbg r. GM I E

(pcs tg rmcrkgltg iclt rff akmrfltg Bfvmb ^. Kcrrm s Mg smjum c gl o uamc bg

6=:>. GM IE Oc`l N. Lmi`cas MMM , ulc bg acs qug ic lsmjumc bgrrmncs bg acs

KmJ, faiflzc sus 9.444 `crfs gl fjcs tc bg 6=:9, kmgltrfs qug ga II

(pcs tg rmcrkgltg vmigf akmrfltg) Ogrry Wlru` aMgjc f g amfs gl sip tmgknrg bg

6=:2. GM IE (pcs tg rmcrkgltg icltrfakmrfltg) Z. E. Ea fjj sg iclvmrtm c gl

g a qumltc pmactc bga Irusfbgr ic l 9.444 `crfs gl 6=:0 y icl 9.>:> tfk-

nmgl jf lc g a pugs tc icl kfs tmgkpc bg tcbcs acs p mactcs bg a E-0.

Gstg E-0G bga UE-Y6 , ickpagtfkgltg

frkfbc icl iuftrc Ymbgwmlbgr,

sg prgpfrf pfrf bgspgjfr bgsbg ga

WYY @flicih gl 6=5: burfltg af

(kmif trfvgsmf bg icknftg bg acs

Yirgfkmlj Gfjag, rgfamzfbf f ncrbc

bga @flbocn.

Ickc IC bga UE-6=6 , ga IE ^mi`frb

F . Tgtg Tgtgrs eug ga prmkgr pmactc

bg acs Irusfbgr gl fiukuafr

9.444 `crfs icl ga E-0.



AFY WLMBFBGY BGI^WYFBG^ BG AF

MLEFLRG^MFBGKF^MLF

Oultc icl acs gsiufbrclgs bg af Kfrmlf, i ml ic ulmbfbgs bg E-0 bg

af Ml ef lt g rmf bg Kfrmlf pfrtmimpfrcl gl kui`cs icknftgs gl Umgt

lfk. Ym l gknfrjc, af kfycr pfrtg bg af fi tmvmbfb bg af Ml ef ltgrmf

bg Kfrmlf prcigbm f bg acs gsiufbrclgs icl nfsg gl tmgr rf qug cpgrfrcl

scnrg tcbc bgsbg bcs nfsgs, Bf flj y af nfsg Mkas pgqugmmf, pgrc mk

pcrtflt g, bg I`u Afm, f 00 hmackgtrcs f a sur bg Bf Lflj.

Km gltrfs af feau glimf bg gsiufbrclgs icltmluc burfltg tcbc 6=57 , acs

I`gihgrncfrb bga UKE(FZ)-9 6> aMgvfrcl us E-0G f Bf Lflj ga 6= bg

bmi mgknrg ickc pfrtg bga Jrupc bg Fvmfi mcl bg af Ml ef ltgrmf bg Kfrmlf

(KFJ) M M nfoc ga kflbc bga Ic a. ^cngrt E. Icla gy, ul gxpgrmkgltfbc fvmf

bcr qug, ickc km gknrc bga UK E(L)-7 69, cpgrc icl acs E9B Yhylmj`t gl

Icrgf, bgrrmnc ul Km J- 67 pcr af lci`g gl glgrc bg 6=798 su `moc kurmc gl

icknftg pm actflbc acs T`fltck QM icl ga UKEF- 66 7 gl sgptmgknrg bg 6=50.

GM UKE(FZ)->97, kflbfbc pcr ga Ric a Jgcrjg F. Jmnscl, acs Bgft`

Fljga. iuyc agkf bg a gsi ufbrcl grf ^mbg Lamli (, ^m gtg f`crf') , sg icl

vmrtmc l'apmbfkgltg gl g a gsi ufbrcl bg Irusfbgr bg af Ml efltgrm f bg Kfrm

lf kfs rgiclcimbc bu rf ltg af jugrrf. A6 gjfrcl f Bf Lflj g a M bg eg nrgrc

bg 6=55, auimglbc acs kcrrcs gl rcoc nrmaafltg icl gstrg aafs naflifs , y rf

pmb fkgltg gltrfrcl gl fig mcl .

GM UKE(FZ)->97 eug rg agvfbc pcr ga UKE(FZ)->9>. GM 67 bg lc

vmgknrg bg 6=55, acs ^gb Bgvma nfoc ga kflbc bg a Ric a. L. K. Rrfplg aa

Or. , fsukmgrcl acs vgtgrflcs E- 0G bga ->97 y ickglzfrcl f rgf amzfr km

smclgs bg icknftg gl bmimgknrg. Yus ncknfs bg = 6> hj eugrcl kuy gem

ifigs icltrf afs icligltrfimclgs bg a glgkmjc gl afs gspgsfs sg avfs bg af

zclf. Acs ^gb Bgvma sg kfri`frcl bg Umgtlfk ga 94 bg oulmc bg 6=5: trfs

`fngr rgf amzfbc 7.:07 sfambfs .

Acs Bgft` Fljga bga UKE (FZ)->97 (g a kfs fitm vc bg acs

trgs gsiufbrc lgs bg ifzf bg af Ml ef ltgrm f bg Kfrmlf gl af zc

lf) rgjrgsc pcstgr mcrkgltg fa icknftg y gl kfyc bg 6=5:

faiflzc ul rgic rb bg 072 sf ambfs gl fpcyc bg afs eu grzfs tg

rrgstrgs bg af Mlef ltgrmf bg Kfrml f. Gl uatmkf ml stflimf, ick

pagtfrcl =. 624 km smclgs bg icknftg bmurlfs y lcitukfs scnrg

Umgtlfk bga Lcrtg y Um gtlfk bga Yur.

GM glt cligs Ifp. Bfvmb I. Ic rngtt rgiug rb f fa ->97 ickc

"ga jrupc kfs sf avfog bg acics icl g a qug `g tglmbc ga pa f

igr bg prgstfr kms sgrvmimcs .. Fquga uatmkc jrupc bg pmactceug gxpuasfbc bg prfi tmifkgltg tcbcs acs I auns 4 bg Crmgl

tg burfltg 6=5:- 6=50 , pgrc ic kc sfnmfl pmactfr acs E-0" .

GM ogtg bga KFJ -66 IE ^cngrt

Iclagy (f af mzqumgrbf) iclsuatf

icl gaRica. Bmih Lgwpcrt. IC bga

UKE(FZ)-96> gl Ftsujm gl 6=52.

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Icrngtt tfknmgl rgiugrbf icl fjrf

bc su pgrmcbc icl ga I ru sfbgr.

" Kg `fnrmf justfbc pmactfr ga E-0

bu rfltg tcbf km if rrgrf, g rf ul

fvmcl pfrf acs pmactcs."

Burfltg ga smtmc bg H`g Yfl`,

gl egnrgrc bg 6=50 , ga ]KE(FZ)-

>97 vcac gl fpcyc bg af cpgrfi mcl

Lmfjfrf, ulf cpgrfi mcl fgrgf kfsmvf qug mliauyc acs fv mclgs bg af Kfrmlf, bg af al ef ltgrmf bg Kfrmlf y

bg af Eugrzf Fgrgf gl ul ftfqug icltmluc icltrf afs pcs mimclgs ick ul ms

tfs. GM f`crf Ic a. Ic rngtt rgiugrbf fquga pgrmcbc?

" Af ceglsmvf Rgt bg 6=50 fifnfnf bg ickglzf r y, f bgi mr vgrbfb, gstf

nfkcs pgrbmglbc lugs trfs pcs mimclgs. Burfltg ul pgrmcbc bg ulfs trgs

sgkflfs, trfnfofkcs gstrgi`fkgltg icl ga pgrsclfa bg tmgrrf qug bg eg l

bmf H`g Yfl`. Yg glicltrfnfl gl ul f s mtufimcl kfaf pcrqug rgsuatfnf bm

eai ma rgfnfs tgigrags . Acs i`mics kf/cs ags ftfifnfl bg tcbfs afs ec rkfs

pcs mnags. GM kgtcbc kfs gemifz iclsmstmf gl gxifvfr ul tWl ga f trfvgs bg

af fafknrfbf bga pgrmkgtrc, sf atfr y ftfif r afs pcs mi mclgs bg af Ml ef ltgrm fbg Kfrmlf. @fnm f qug bgtglgr fqug aac. Fa jum gl bgi mbmc utmamzfr lugstrcs

E-0, acs ulm ics fvmclgs qug pcb mfl aMgvfr afs ncknfs bg = 6> hj .

" ^gf amzfkcs kmsmcl trfs kmsmcl, aflzflbc lugs trfs ncknfs jrflbgs f

sc ac 944 pm gs bg lugstrfs prcpm fs pcs mimclgs, 64 kfs prcx mkc qug `fnmf

kcs mltgltfbc of kfs. Afs ncknfs tglm fl gspc agtfs bg rgtfrbc qug ags pgr

kmtmfl pglgt rfr bcs 4 trgs pm gs gl ga sug ac fltgs bg gxpactfr. Iuflbc

gstf aafnfl sgiimclgs gltgrfs bg acs tWlg ags sg bgrruknfnfl. GM pa fl eul

imclc kgocr bg 64 qug gspgrfnfkcs y af fii mcl bga glgkmjc pfrf tckfr

H`g Yfl` rgsuatc fpa fstfbf. Lc pugbc mkfj mlfr ickc sg sgltmfl acs bg

tmgrrf kmgltrfs aflzf nfkcs afs ncknfs tfl igrif , pgrc fpfrgltgkgltg tglm fl ku i`f iclem flzf gl lcsctrcs y ags kgrgi mc af pglf."

Tg tg r B. Zmaamf ks, ul jg lg rf a bg bm vms mc l rg tm rfbc , g rf if p mtfl

gl g a ]KE(FZ )->97 gl 6=5:. @fnmf pma c tfbc acs Irusfbg r ic l g a

]KE(FZ )-> 6> y fprgi mfnf acs E-0G?

"Fajulcs pfo frcs gxmjmfl ml ecrkfi mcl bg kfltglmkmgltc flt gs bga vug-

64", ickgltfnf. " @fnmf tfknmgl imgrtfs prgif uimclgs qug acs pmactcs tgl m-

fl qug iclsmbgrfr. Iuflbc `fnm f `ukgbfb, ickc gl af gstfimcl bga kclzcl,

acs jufltgs sg kcofnfl icl ga subc r. Fajulcs fvmclgs suermfl pgquglfs sf

iubmbfs bgnmbc f af pf aflif bga t rgl bg ftgrr mzfog iuflbc sunmfkcs 4 nf

o fnfkcs g a trgl. Af sc auimcl grf ic acifr ul iclbcl gl af pfaflif.

"G M E-0 grf ul fvm cl pfrf acs pmactcs. Wlc sg sgltmf ickc sgltfbc gl

ga kcrrc bg ul prcygitma , icl ifsm 54 pmgs bg kctc r, f afs y ic af pcr bg

trfs bg tm . ]c lc kg iflsfnf lul if bg kmrfr g a fvmcl. Ymjug smglbc tcbf

vmf `cy gl bmf ga fvmcl kfs gagjf ltg qug `g vmstc vcafr. Gl tmgrrf, icl afs

fafs agvfltfbfs, pfrgimf pcbgrcsc y fkglfzf ltg. Fulqug f ajulfs vgigs rg

suatfnf bmeai ma ftgrr mzfr icl g a, gspgi mfakgltg f ncrbc bg acs nuqugs , vc

afnf ickc ul suglc y f ulfs ictfs qug grfl mlsupgrfna gs . Rg pgrk mtmf

sgltmr ic kc tg fprcxmkfnfs fa ncrbg bg af supgrem i mg y ickc mlmimfnf ga

vugac bg ecrkf gspgitfiua fr sm lc Mg gsiui`fnfs .

" GM E-0 grf ul jrf l fvmcl pfrf ga ftfqug. Tcbm fs ftfifr iufaqum gr icsf qug

pubmgrfs vgr. Iuftrc rfefjfs bg prcygitmags sc amfl iclvgrjgr f 9.444 pmgs pcr

bgafltg bg tm y, amtgrf ak gltg, sg pcb mfl pclgr 244 prcygitmags f trfvgs bg aMlf

Bcs pmactcs bg acs ^gb Bgvma

sg prgpfrfl pfrf famlgfrsg gl af

pmstf pfrf ulf kmsmcl gl fnrma bg

6=5:. Bgstfifl afs kuy bmegrgltgs

ifrjfs bg ncknfs bg gstcs bcs E-08

ul pcsmnag mlbmifbcr bg af gsifsgz

irclmif bg ncknfs gl fqugaaf

gpcif.



GM Ifp. BrfxZmaamfks sg fpcyf gl

ulf ncknf pgsfbf bg =6> hj fltgs

bg ulf kmsm5l icl ul E-0 bga

UKE(FZM->97 gl fjcstc bg 6=5:.

GM Itg. Hmgay gl ul Irusfbgr qug

prgsgltf bmstmltmvcs bg ncknfs bg

afs kmsmclgs . GM pmactc utmamzfnf af

icrrgf pc r bgtrfs bg M'aa pfrf tmrfr bg

af iupuaf `fimf fnfoc.

pugrtf. Acs ifkmclgs, acs gbmemim cs, acs namlbfbcs Omjgrcs y af kfycr pfrtg

bg acs naflics lc rgecrzfbcs lc tglmfl lm ul f scaf pcsmnmOmbfb."

Bglms 6. Hm gay grf ctrc ocvgl ifpmtfl qug vcac icl ga UKE(FZ)->97.

Yml gknfrjc, yf `fn mf gltrfbc kui`fs vgigs gl ic knftg ickc pmactc bg

rgiclcimkmgltc ectcjrfemic icl ul bgstfifkgltc bga UKIO-M gknfrif

bc f ncrbc bga Hmtty @fwh.

Hm gay, qug sg glicltrfnf gl g a ->97 gl sgptmgknrg bg 6=5: ickc ic

kflbfltg rgimgltgkgltg fsiglbmbc, pgrkflgimc gl ulf ulmbfb qug gstf

nf aM glf bg jgltg ic l jrfbufi mclgs fatfs 8 `fnmf 67 ickflbfltgs gl ul

gsi ufbrcl bg >6 pmactcs . Lcrkfakgltg vcafnf icl Brfx Zmaam fks y icl

Jfry Tcs t.

Ickc ctrcs pmactcs bga gsiufbrcl, Hm gay afkg su pfrtg bg ncknfs pgsf

bfs, mliaumbfs afs Kh 02 y afs Kh 57. GM rgiugrbf vmvmbfkgltg ul f km smcl

burfltg af ce ls mvf Rgt bg 6=50, qug eu g ulc bg acs pgr mcbcs kfs mltglscs

bg icknftg f acs qug sg glergltc af Ml efltgrmf bg Kfrmlf burfltg af jugrrf?

" GM >2 bg egnrgrc g a Ifp. Tcst y yc bgspgjfkcs gl ulf fafrkf pfrf fpc

yfr f af al efltgrmf bg Kfrmlf gl af imubfb bg @ug. Af smtufi mcl iamkftc

acj

mif g rf gspfltcsf, rgf akgltg pcr

bgnfoc bg kmlmkcs pfrf bgspgjf

r, icllungs bglsfs f >4 .444 pm gs . Af smtufi mcl iamkftcacj mif scnrg g a naflic lc

grf kui`c kgoc r y afs kgocrgs iclbmimclgs prckgtmfl ul tgi`c prfitmic

pcr bgnfoc bg ac s 944 pm gs.

"Kmgltrfs Jfry y yc bgsiglbmfkcs pfrf rgfOmzfr lu gstrfs pfsf bfs lcs

sgpfrf kcs f >44 pm gs. Wl 4-6 bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf `fnmf smbc bg

rrmnfbc y af EFI `fnm f kugrtc, pgrc lcsctrcs bgsgfnfkcs mltgltfrac bg

tcbfs ecrkfs pcrqug af jgltg scnrg g a tgrrglc lc `fnmf rgimnmbc fpcyc fg

rgc burfltg vfrmcs bm fs bgnmbc fa kfa tm gkpc y rgsuatfnf bmemi ma kfltglgr

fagofbc fa LUF (Gogri mtc bg Rmgrrf lcrvmgtlfkmtf) eugrf bg af ecrtf agzf.

"G M Mig

-Kfl (Ifp. Tc st) y yc mlmimfkcs lugstrfs pfsfbfs kmgltrfs ulvf amgltg i`mic gl tmgrrf bm spfrfnf ul prcygitma bg 00,= kk icltrf ulf tc

rrg (Mf tcrrg bg Bclj Nf) bclbg g a LUF `fnmf ml stfafbc ulf fkgtrf aaf

bcrf pgsfbf. ]c pcbm f vgr f a tmrfbc r bm spfrflbc icltrf km kmgltrfs yc

bmspfrfnf km s iflclgs. Faiflig af tcrrg, augjc scatg ul _ulm, qug gltrc

oustc f trfvgs bg af tcrrg y gxpa ctc icl ul ruj mb c qug yc cm.

"Kmgltrfs Tc st rgf amzfnf su pfsfbf pfrgimf qug gs tfnf sc nrg ga kurc bg

af ecrtfagzf 4 pcr bgnfoc bg ga, bgsiglbmglbc ifbf vgz kfs y prfi tmifkgltg

aflzflbc icl af kflc bcs aftfs bg lfpfak gl kgbm c bga LUF. ] tcbc fqug-

664 icl aMu vmf, pcr bgnfoc bg acs 944 pm gs y f 274 lubcs."

Emlfakgltg, ulf fiimcl tgrrgstrg icligrtfbf bg af 7" Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf tckg fqug aaf mkpcrtfltg pcsmimcl bga LUF.

Wl kgs bgspugs bg fqugaaf km smcl, ga Itg. Hm gay y g a Ifp. Tcst eu grcl

lu gvfkgltg gl fyubf bg af Ml ef ltgrm f bg Kfrmlf scnrg ga tgrrglc. GM 65

bg kfrzc aflzfrcl lfpfak icltrf afs trcpfs lcrvmgtlfkmtfs, y augjc `m

imgrc l ulfs iufltfs pfsfbfs bg ifstmjc. Kmgltrfs tfltc, sus Irusfbgr rg

imnmgrcl mkpfitcs bga eugjc bg afs frkfs pcrtftmags. Bfbc qug g a fvmcl bg

Tcst (Nu L" 62=>>7) ickglzc f pgrbgr rfpmbfkgltg icknu stmnag sg bmrm

jmgrcl f nusifr af sgjurmbfb bg a fjuf, bclbg gl uatmkf ml stflimf Tcst sf m

tc y eu g rgsiftfbc. GM Itg . Hm gay rgicrbfnf ickc " Kfs tfrb g iclcim f acs

`cknrgs bg af ickpflmf f af qug `fnmfkcs fyubfbc. Iuflbc fajum gl agsbmoc qug yc `fnmf smbg ga ogeg bg af gsi ufbrmaaf bg acs E-0 fquga bm f, ku

i`cs bg g aacs vm lm grcl pfrf gstrgi`frkg af kflc y bfrkg afs jrfimfs. Eug

ul kckgltf bga qug yc smgkprg bmserutfrg" .

i??z?

c)8 <

cgl(/ )

cgl

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i?(/ )

)8 <

cgl?? 4

cgl

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)8 <

cgl

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56



(e )

AW

W

c?z

-AW

f...«

FTGLBMIGY

FTGLBMIG FJACYF^MC

FFF?Frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf.

Ftfqug Fap`f? Wl jrfl ftfqug fgrgc ceglsm'aC Vug ickprglbmf tfbcs acs rgiur

$CY, ifzfs, ftfVug, rgfnfstgimkmgltc, gti., bga faf fgrgf bg ul pcrtffvmclgs.

NFÎFT ? Tftruaaf Krgf bg Icknftg bg Nfrrgrf. Wlf pftruaaf bg ifzf gltrg af

fjrupfimcl afitmif bga pcrtffvmclgs y af fkglfzf bga glgkmjc.

IFJ ? Ogeg bg Jrupc Krgc. Wl tgrkmlf ul tfltc frifmic vf qug Mf bglckmlf

imfl bg faf sg ifknm5 pfr af bg IUZ y, iclsmjumgltgkgltg, ga ogeg grf bgsmj

lfbc ickc IFZ, pgrf IFJ sg kflau'aC ickc pfrtg bga 'MCifnuafrmc .

IFT ? Tftruaaf Krgf bg Icknftg .

IU? Tcrtffvmclgs. Burfltg af jugrrf bg Umgtlfk , ga firclmkc `fnmtufa eug IUF,

Vug bgsmjlfnf ul pcrtffvmclgs bg ftfqug, kmgltrfs Vug IUY sg rgegrmf f ul

pcrtffvmclgs fltmsunkfrmlcs.Gl 6=:7 af Kfrmlf prgsimlbmc bg acs tgrkmlcs IUF

y IUY pfrf utmamzfr IU, qug mlbmifnf Mf eulim5l mltgjrfbf bg acs pcrtffvmclgs.

IUZ ?Faf Krgf bg Tcrtffvmclgs.

CMLI ?Camimfa fa kflbc.

YFK? Kmsma Yupgremimg-Fmrg. Wl tgrkmlf jglgrmic, pgrf qug sg rgegrmf `fnmtufa

kgltg f acs YF-> Jumbgamlg bg efnrmifimcl scvmgtmif .

YF^ ? Nusqugbf y ^gsifag .

RFÎFT ? Tftruaaf Krgf bg Icknftg icltrf Naflics.F cs ifzfs sg ags glifr

jfnf af fpcrtfim5l bg af prctgiim5l bg gsicMtf pfrf af eugrzf bg ftfqug.

Rrfp? Wl ftgrrmzfog icl bgtglim5l f ncrbc bg ul pcrtffvmclgs.

UF ? Gsiufbrfl bg FtfVug Wjgrf bg af Kfrmlf.

UE ? Gsiufbrcl bg Jfaf bg af Kfrmlf.

UET ? Gsiufbrcl Amjgrf Ectcjlmemic bg af Kfrmlf.

UKIO? Gsiufbrfl Kmx64 bg ^giclcimkmgltc bg af Mlefltgrmf bg Kfrmlf.

UKE? Gsiufbrcl bg Jfaf bg af Kfrmlf. Gl 6=5: sg fmmfbmc (FZ) pfrf rgegrmrsg

AYC ? Cemimfa bg Ygmmfags bg Ftgrrmzfog. faf ifpfimbfb gl iufaqumgr smtufimcl iamkftca5jmif, pgrf eug ulf bglckmlfimcl

qug burc pcic tmgkpc y qug eug sustmtumbf pcr UKEF, pfrf ifzf y fafqug.

KmJIFT ? Tftruaaf pgrkflgltg sfnrg af eactf 4 eugrzf bg ftfqug pfrf prctgjgr-

af icltrf iufaVumgr fkglfzf bg af fvmfimfl glgkmjf. UTK ? Eugzf Krgf bga Tugnac Umgtlfkmtf.

FTGLBMIG NE-0 ^GYTCLYFNAGY BG BG^^MNCY BG KMJ

Tmactc Gsiufbrcl Egi`fIE @fa Kfrr UE ->66 6> oulmc 6=55

FL T m̀a Ufkpftgaaf UE->66 >6 oulmc 6=55

II Gujglg I`fliy UE -> 66 >6 oulmc 6=55

IE Bmih Ngaamljgr UE -65> = citunrg 6=55

II K.C.Zrmj`t UE -> 66 6kfyc 6=5:

IE Tfua Ypggr UE ->6 6 6= kfyc 6=5:

FL Ocsgp` Y`gf UE->66 6= kfyc 6=5:

II Ncnny Agg UE->2 6= kfyc 6=5:

II T`ma Zccb UE ->2 6= kfyc 6=5:

IE Kfrmcl Msffihs UE ->2 >6 ouamc 6=5:

II ^cngrt Hmrhwccb UE ->2 >6 ouamc 6=5:

II lk @unnfrb UE ->66 >6 ouamc 6=5:

II ^mi`frb Zykfl UE -65> 62 bmimgknrg 6=5:

II A. .̂ Kygrs UE -76 >5 oulmc 6=50

II Oc`l Lmi`cas UE-6=6 = ouamc 6=50

II Juy iflg UE-79 >= ouamc 6=50

II Lcrk KiIcy UE-76 6fjcstc 6=50

II Rcly Lfrjm UE -666 = sgptmgknrg 6=50

II Ogrry Ruihgr UE->66 >9 kfyc 6=:>

Iafvg

• Tcstgrmcrkgltg pgrbmbc fltg af frtmaagrmf fltmfgrgf glgkajf .

+ Gamkmlfbc pfr mkpcrtfltgs bfmmcs gl icknftg.# Tcstgrmcrkgltg pgrbmbc pcr ifusfs cpgrftmvfs .

Kcbgac Léfnrmifimcl KcbgxE-0G 674=>2" LT 649

E-0G 674944" LT 642

E-0G 674=6466 LT 646k

E-0G 62=67= F@ >64

E-0G 674=>9" LT 664

E-0G 674920 LT 646k

E-0G 674556 LT 64> k

E-0I 625=06 LT 223

E-0I 62:4>=+ LT 229

E-0I 62:460 LT 22>

E-0I 625==> LT 22:

E-0G 67407=# LT 64:

E-0G 6740:= F@ >42

E-0@ 620:64 LA 665

E-0G 674=>5# LK 646

E-0G 67492= LE >49

E-0@ 62:=65 LE 64>

E-0I 625=56 FH 649

E-YO 674=44 LT 646

++ Lc rgiclcimbc cemimfakgltg pcrVug ga pmactc bga KmJ sfmtc fltgs bg qug ga RL Ruihgr pubmgrf bmspfrfr

RMpc bg KmJ

KmJ-6:""

KMJ -6:

KMJ -6:

KmJ->6

KmJ-6:

KmJ-6:

KJ-6:

KmJ-6:

KJ-6:

KmJ-6:

KmJ-6:

KmJ-6:

KmJ-6:

KJ->6

KmJ-6:

KJ-6:

KJ->6

KmJ->6

KmJ-6:++

. . GM IE Kfrr faiflzc ul sgjulbc KmJ-6:, qug eug pcstgrmcrkgltg iclemrkfbc pgrc qug lulif eug rgiclcimbc cemimfakgltg. (Ugfsg ga ifpmtuac sgms.o

(3) Lc `fy mlecrkfimcl bmspclmnag , lm smVumgrf bga pmactc ,Vug iclemrkg ga lukgrc aftgrfa bga E-0.



M



?

A

I

_

AA4-

1t?

Fknfs pgrspgitmvfs scl bg ul E-YG



Iclcimbc pcr sus pmactcs ickc

ga "uatmkc bg acs ifzfs icliflclgs" jrfimfs f su iufrtgtc

bg iflclgs Icat-Nrcwlmlj

Kh 6> bg >4 kk, ga E-0Irusfbgr eug lukgrmifkgltg ga

ifzf kfs pcpuafr bg af Kfrmlf bgGG WW fa ickmglzc bg af

pfrtmimpfim5l gstfbculmbglsg gl gaicleamitc bg Umgtlfk gl 6=528 ulcs 20>

E-0I/B/G gqumpfrcl 6: ulmbfbgs gl ga ergltg .

Bmserut5 bg ul gxmtc glcrkg icltrf acs KmJ-6:y KmJ->6 lcrvmgtlfkmtfs burfltg af ifkpflf

^caamlj R`ulbgr bg 6=57-6=50, pugs bgrrmn5

cemimfakgltg 60 fvmclgs bg rgfiim5l , 64 iufargprgsglt5 ul 79%

bg tcbfs afsrgiafkfimclgs bg acs

KmJ fiukuafbfs pcr acsgsiufbrclgs bg af Kfrmlf

burfltg fquga pgrmcbc. GM

Irusfbgr tfknmgl sg iclvmrtm5

gl ncknfrbgrc gl af jugrrf,tfltc icl afs ulmbfbgs bg af Kfrmlf

bg GG WW icl nfsg gl acs nuqugs ickc

icl acs gsiufbrclgs bg af Mlefltgref bgKfrmlf bg GG WW icl nfsg gl t m g ~ r f qug

kfi`fifrcl f afs eugrzfs ickulmstfstfltc gl Umgtlfk bga Lcrtg ickc glUmgtlfk bga Yur. Tfrf gstg amnrc sg `fgltrgvmstfbc gspgimfa kgltg f ul lukgrc

bg lctfnags pmactcs bga E-0.

(Aviones en Combate: Ases y Leyendas No.45) Unidades del F-8 Crusader en Vietnam

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Transcript of (Aviones en Combate: Ases y Leyendas No.45) Unidades del F-8 Crusader en Vietnam