Bioplastiques : du biodégradable au durable · 2014-03-12 · 26 Biobased and Biodegradable...

Pr. Luc Avérous

BioTeam ICPEES – UMR CNRS 7515

ECPM : École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)

Université de Strasbourg (UniStra)

email : [email protected]

Website : www.BIODEG.NET

Twitter : LucAverous

Bioplastiques : du biodégradable

au durable

Reims le 7 février 2014 -Ne pas reproduire sans autorisation -

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.biodeg.net/

General Topic (BioTeam):

► Biobased and/or Biodegradable Polymers,

for Environmental and Biomedical Applications.

Springer 2012

BioTeam Members (18) :

Staff(4): • Pr. Luc Avérous (BioTeam leader)

• Dr. Eric Pollet (A/Prof.)

• Pr. Jean Marc Jeltsch (Vice-President UniStra)

• Dr. Vincent Phalip (A/Prof.)

Researchers (14):

Post-Doct. (3):

• Dr. Marina Magaton (Funding Brazil, 2013-2014)

• Dr. Dhriti Khandal (Europ. Project, 2013-2016)

• Dr. Alexandru Sarbu (2014/2015)

PhD Students (8):

• Flavie Prévot (Government, 2011-2014)

• Camille Carré (Region + Company, 2011-2014)

• Alice Arbenz (CIFRE, 2011-2014)

• Stéphane Duchiron (Company, 2012-2015)

• Marie Reulier (CIFRE, 2012-2015)

• Thibaud Debuissy (European Project, 2013-2016)

• Amparo Jimenez-Quero (Government, 2013-2016)

• Rogerio Prataviera (Co-Direction w/ Brazil – UFSCar)

> Masters (3)

BioTeam

Biorefinery from Biomass

Seeds

Starch

Ligno-cellulosic

Fibers

Chitin, Chitosan

Mushroom, Crustaceas…

Vegetable Oils

Fractionation

Extraction

Thermoplastic

Starch

Biocomposites

BioMaterials

Biobased

Thermosets &

Thermoplastics

Fermentation

PHAs, PLA

Lignins & Tannins

-based Materials

Clay

Nano-Biocomposites

Fractionation

BioTeam

► Integration, from the biomass to final objects

Chemical

Synthesis

Characterization

Formulation

Process

Biomass: Triglycerides,

Ligno-cellulose,

Tannins, Starch,

Chitin, …

Final Objects: For automotive,

Building, Textile,

Packaging,

Agriculture …

Bio-

Production

Integration « Biochemistry/Chemistry & Process »

Academic international collaborations:

Funding – Cooperation - Partners

Pr. Luc Avérous







Bioplastiques : du biodégradable

au durable

Reims le 7 février 2014 -Ne pas reproduire sans autorisation -



Outline

1. Bioplastics: Some Definitions and the

Market

2. Biobased and durable polymers / Biobased

and biodegradable polymers

9

Pr. Luc Avérous







1- Bioplastics: Some definitions and the

Market



Biomacromolecules : Macromolecules, which are elaborated from

living organisms (proteins, polysaccharides, bacterial polymers …)

[Caracteristics]

Biopolymers : substances based on biomacromolecules

[Applications]

Nota: PLA is not a biopolymer!

Some definitions (IUPAC):

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BIOPLASTICS : “Industrial” term used to qualify biobased and/or

biodegradable (environment) polymers.

(e.g., PLA, PA11, PCL …)

Another definitions:

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Pr. Luc Avérous







Bioplastics : The market



Worlwide Bioplastics – Trends

Some indicators:

- Growth: 10-20 % per year

- Market: 1 Billion $/year

Europe

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Pr. Luc Avérous







2- Biobased and durable polymers /

Biobased and biodegradable polymers



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Biobased polymers

Biobased polymers for Long term

applications (Durable) e.g.,

Automotive, Building …


for Short term applications e.g.,

Packaging, Agriculture, Hygiene …

– Bacterial Polyesters: PolyHydroxyAlkanoates (PHA), …

– Cellulose: Crop and forestry fibres (Composites with “petro-plastics”) -> Bioethanol

– Hemicellulose

– Lignin and Tanins

– Starch: from corn, wheat, potatoes, pea …-> Bioethanol

– Proteins: Gluten, zein, Corn, elastin, collagen, soybean

– Vegetable Oils

Biobased polymers

Sources of agricultural feedstock:

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18

Production of Polyethylene

Biobased and Durable Polymers

19

Production of Polypropylene (Metathesis)


Polyolefins (PE,PP) = 2/3 of plastic market

20

Production of PET, PTT, PBT …


Vegetable oils

O

O

O

O

O

O

1

Vegetable oil = 95% of triglycerides (tri-ester of glycerol and fatty acids)

Glycerol Fatty acid

• Chain length : C6 à C24, hydrophobic

• Low toxicity

• Highly available

• Low price

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Pla

nt

oil p

rod

ucti

on

(M

MT

)Palm oil Rapeseed oil

Soybean oil Sunflower oil


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Structures of main Fatty acids

O

O

O

O

O

O

1

Fatty acid


22

Wide Variety of Functional Polyurethanes By combining green polyols with di-isocyanates, we can produce a wide variety of functional polyurethanes (Foam …) at a competitive cost (e.g., Ford, Biobased Insulation, BioFoam, Dow, Cargill, Merquinsa …)


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Pr. Luc Avérous







2- Biobased and durable polymers /




Applications: Packaging, Agriculture, Leisure, Hygiene, Catering, …

Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers

Polysaccharide: Starch-based materials

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of intracellular

biopolymers synthesized by many bacteria as intracellular carbon and

energy storage granules. PHAs are mainly produced from renewable

resources by fermentation.

A wide variety of prokaryotic organisms accumulate PHA from 30 to

80% of their cellular dry weight.

Only some bacterial strains show satisfactory levels of productivity:

• Cupriavidus necator

(former Ralstonia eutropha)

• Alcaligenes lactus

• Azotobacter vinelandii

• some methylotrophs

• Pseudomonas oleovorans

• Recombinant Escherichia coli

+ Mixed cultures


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PLA: The Last Trends

• PLA = Polymers for durable applications (No

biodegradation)

• New PLA based blends

(e.g., PLA/Plexiglass = Arkema or PLA/PC = Ingeo)

• PLA as a polyol (TPU, PU …)

• PLA with high value (grafted polymers)

___________________________________

• More and more biomedical applications (biocompatibility;

biodegradable in contact with living tissue)

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The future ?

– GMO (e.g., Starch)

– ↓ Some fossil resources with price of some

fractions (???$)

– Evolution of the « society » (« Grenelle de

l’environnement », sustainability ? )

– Evolution of the governmental policy Eco-tax ?

Biobased polymers

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Europe?

Bioplastiques : du biodégradable au durable · 2014-03-12 · 26 Biobased and Biodegradable...

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