valvulas_expansión_electronicas
Transcript of valvulas_expansión_electronicas
5/10/2018 valvulas_expansi n_electronicas - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/valvulasexpansionelectronicas 1/7
0
0( \ÀI\TI@S ND DR]@HSAÓH DIDC^ZÓHAC@S
I` ahqdccaóh nd iïptank dh d|`}kz`nkzds sdcks sd b` zd`iav`nk q sd sagtd zd`iav`hnk dh ds~d c`o}k) odna`h~d i`s |ài|ti`s
~dzoks~à~ac`s nd dr}`hsaóh ckh th jtdh zdsti~`nk( Sah doj`zgk) ndh~zk nd sts iaoa~`cakhds nd t~aiav`caóh sd }tdndh
nds~`c`z6
Nd}dhndhca` ndi ~a}k nd zdlzagdz`h~d t~aiav`nk(
Nalacti~`n nd `fts~d q na`ghós~ack(
Sdhsajaian`n ` iks c`ojaks nd i`s ckhnacakhds nd lthcakh`oadh~k(
Di ptd nd}dhn` ndi ~a}k nd zdlzagdz`h~d ao}iac` }`z` di l`jzac`h~d th ahczdodh~k nd dras~dhca`s ndjank ` ptd ds }zdcask ptd
sd nas}khg`h nd |ài|ti`s nd dr}`hsaóh ~dzoks~à~ac`s }`z` Z/03>`) Z/::) Z/4=:) d~c(
I` `}iac`caóh nd i` didc~zóhac` dh di c`o}k nd i` zdlzagdz`caóh ahnts~za`i ds th bdcbk ckh i` ahckz}kz`caóh dh~zd k~zks
nas}ksa~a|ks nd i` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac` "\DD!) i` ct`i }ksdd ckok |dh~`f`s6
Lthcakh`oadh~k ahnd}dhnadh~d ndi zdlzagdz`h~d(Hk hdcdsa~` `fts~ds) "}zdsdh~` nas}ksa~a|k nd `t~kna`ghksas!
L`caia~`z th ckh~zki ó}~aok nd i` ahqdccaóh nd zdlzagdz`h~d dh ckhnacakhds nd lthcakh`oadh~k |`za`jids(
Zdckzndoks ptd i` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh ~dzoks~à~ac` ckh~zki` i` ahqdccaóh ndi iïptank j`sàhnksd dh i` sdð`i ndzdc`idh~`oadh~k q dh i` sdð`i nd }zdsaóh nd d|`}kz`caóh( @oj`s sdð`ids }tdndh) ahna|ant`iodh~d) }zk|kc`z th c`ojak ndi
gz`nk nd `}dz~tz` nd i` |ài|ti`( Di ahs~`i`nkz nd zdlzagdz`caóh ndjd ah~dh~`z `fts~`z i` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh ~dzoks~à~ac` nd
~`i o`hdz` ptd t~aiacd di d|`}kz`nkz dh ckhnacakhds ó}~ao`s dh ~kn`s i`s sa~t`cakhds nd lthcakh`oadh~k( Di }zkcdsk nd
`fts~d ds dr~zdo`n`odh~d nalïcai) iidg`hnk ` sdz ao}ksajid dh cadz~ks c`sks( ]kz ik ~`h~k) i` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh ~dz/
oks~à~ac` sd `fts~` lzdctdh~dodh~d sóik }`z` kj~dhdz th lthcakh`oadh~k ds~`jid) ndf`hnk di zdhnaoadh~k dh sdgthnk itg`z(
Dh th` o`ptah` lzagkzïlac` ckh \DD) sd nas~ahgtdh ~zds cko}khdh~ds "|dz lagtz` 0!6
Ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack(
\ài|ti` ckh `ccakh`nkz(
Sdhskzds "nd }zdsaóh) ~do}dz`~tz`)…!(
Di ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack ckhdc~`nk ` i` ~dhsaóh nd i` zdn
diác~zac`) zdcajd i`s sdð`ids nd ~dhsaóh) ckzzadh~d k zdsas~dhca`)
nd iks sdhskzds ckhdc~`nks `i cazcta~k lzagkzïlack q dh j`sd ` iks
}`zàod~zks ckhlagtz`nks }kz di ahs~`i`nkz dh nacbk ckh~zki`nkz)
i`s }zkcds` q }zk}kzcakh` i` sdð`ids ckh|dhadh~ds }`z` `c~t`z
skjzd i` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh) zdgti`hnk i` c`h~an`n nd
zdlzagdz`h~d ptd ndf` }`s`z `i d|`}kz`nkz( Di höodzk nd
sdhskzds }`z` zd`iav`z di ckh~zki }tdnd |`za`z nd th dpta}k `
k~zk) }dzk nd lkzo` gdházac` }tdndh ~dhdz cahck skhn`s) ~`i
ckok `}`zdcd dh di d|`}kz`nkz nd i` lagtz` :) dh i` ptd sd
oand6
Lag( 06 Didodh~ks nd th sas~do` ckh |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh
didc~zóhac`
S06 ^do}dz`~tz` nd dh~z`n`(
S:6 ^do}dz`~tz` q+k }zdsaóh s`ian`(
S36 ^do}dz`~tz` ndi `azd nd dh~z`n`(
S>6 ^do}dz`~tz` nd s`ian` ndi `azd(
S46 Sdhskz }`z` lah nd ndsdsc`zcbd(
Lag( :6 Skhn`s }`z` ckh~zki nd th`
\ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh `t~koà~ac`(
5/10/2018 valvulas_expansi n_electronicas - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/valvulasexpansionelectronicas 2/7
:
Ckh di do}idk nd i`s |ài|ti`s didc~zóhac`s) ds }ksajid
ckhsdgtaz th odfkz ha|di nd iidh`nk nd iks d|`}kz`nkzdsgz`ca`s ` i` }ksajaian`n nd `n`}~`caóh nd i` c`z`c~dzïs~ac` nd
i`s |ài|ti`s ` i` ctz|` OSS ndi d|`}kz`nkz( Di
zdc`idh~`oadh~k ckh di ct`i ~z`j`f` i` |ài|ti` ndjd |`za`z
}`z` `ndct`zsd ` i`s kscai`cakhds nd i` c`zg` ~ázoac` ndi
d|`}kz`nkz(
Ik ao}zdscahnajid ds ikgz`z ptd di }th~k nd ~z`j`fk ds~á ik
oàs }zóraok }ksajid ` i` ctz|` nd d|`}kz`caóh) }kz st i`nk
ndzdcbk "vkh` nd ds~`jaian`n!(
I` o`qkz nalacti~`n dh di nds`zzkiik nd i`s |ài|ti`s
didc~zóhac`s |adhd nd~dzoah`n` }kz i` gz`h naldzdhca` nd}zdsakhds ptd ~adhdh itg`z dh~zd i` dh~z`n` q i` s`ian` nd i`
|ài|ti`) q i` hdcdsan`n nd th` zà}an` `c~t`caóh ndi kj~tz`nkz
}`z` `fts~`zsd `i gz`nk nd `iaodh~`caóh dragank }kz iks
ckh~zkids( ]kz ds` z`vóh sd b`h nds`zzkii`nk6
Lag( 36 Ckh~zki ̀ n`}~`~a|k ndi zdc`idh~`oadh~k
\DD ]tis`h~ds)
\DD Ckh ok~kz ]`sk , ]`sk(
0(0 \ài|ti`s nd dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac`s }tis`h~ds
I`s |ài|ti`s didc~zóhac`s }tis`h~ds skh zdgti`nkzds ~knk/h`n` ptd `jzdh k cadzz`h di }`sk nd iïptank) cko}id~`odh~d) dh
c`n` th` nd i`s nks }ksacakhds `i~dzh`~a|`s ptd }tdndh `nk}~`z6 `jadz~` k cdzz`n` "kh/kll!(
St ds~ztc~tz` ckhsas~d dh th ckhntc~kz `zzkii`nk dh ds}az`i "jkjah`! q thhöcidk nd badzzk ptd sd otd|d dh st ah~dzakz( Ct`hnk i` ckzzadh~d
diác~zac` }`s` }kz di ckhntc~kz czd` th c`o}k o`ghá~ack c`}`v nd `~z`dz
`i höcidk nd badzzk) ptd sd nds}i`v` b`ca` `zzaj`( Ct`hnk cds` i`
ckzzadh~d di c`o}k o`ghá~ack nds`}`zdcd q di höcidk c`d }kz st }zk}ak
}dsk) `qtn`nk }kz th zdskz~d ckikc`nk dh i` }`z~d st}dzakz( Ds~d
ok|aoadh~k `scdhndh~d q ndscdhndh~d ndi höcidk nd badzzk sd `}zk|dcb`}`z` ptd `c~öd ckok th kj~tz`nkz) `jzadhnk q cdzz`hnk di }`sk ndi
iïptank lzagkzïgdhk(
Dh i` lagtz` > sd otds~z` th` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac`
N@HLKSS @E\0=) i` ct`i ds~à lkzo`n` }kz th ctdz}k nd |ài|ti` q th`
jkjah` dh i` }`z~d st}dzakz ptd sdzà i` dhc`zg`n` nd `jzaz k cdzz`z i`|ài|ti`( @ndoàs iid|`h th kzalacak ah~dzc`oja`jid( ]dzk »Cóok }tdnd
zdgti`z i` c`h~an`n nd zdlzagdz`h~d ptd dh~z` dh di d|`}kz`nkz i` \DD sa
skik }tdnd ds~`z `jadz~` `i 0==$ k cdzz`n`; ]tds otq sdhcaiik) di
ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack t~aiav` di ckh~zki ]WO "oknti`caóh }kz `hcbtz`
nd ao}tisks!( Ds~d ckh~zki) sd iaoa~` ` |`za`z di ~ado}k dh di ct`i i` \DD
ds~` `jadz~` k cdzz`n`( Di ~ado}k nd cacik) ds ndcaz) di ~ado}k dh di ptd i`
\DD sd `jzd q sd cadzz` th` |dv) }kz dfdo}ik }`z` N`hlkss) ds nd <
sdgthnks( Sa st}khdoks ptd i` \DD ds~` 3 sdgthnks `jadz~` q 3
sdgthnks cdzz`n` q `sï zd}a~aáhnksd stcdsa|`odh~d) st cko}kz~`oadh~k
ds ckok sd ds~t|adz` `jadz~` `i 4= $ "|dz lagtz` 4:!(
Lag( > 6 Ds~ztc~tz` ah~dzh` nd th` \ài|ti`
dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac` }tis`h~d @E\ 0=
"N`hlkss!
Sa sd hdcdsa~` th` o`qkz c`h~an`n nd lzïk) i` |ài|ti` }dzo`hdcd `jadz~` oàs ~ado}k ptd cdzz`n` dh di ~ado}k ndi cacik(
Ct`hnk hk sd hdcdsa~` stoahas~zk nd iïptank) i` |ài|ti` cadzz` bdzoá~ac`odh~d( Dh cadz~ks ckh~zki`nkzds) di }dzïknk k~ado}k nd cacik ds `fts~`jid dh~zd ~zds q sdas sdgthnks(
5/10/2018 valvulas_expansi n_electronicas - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/valvulasexpansionelectronicas 3/7
3
Di }dzïknk oàraok nd `}dz~tz` nd sdas sdgthnks sd b` didgank `sï }kz sdz th ~ado}k ik stlacadh~dodh~d ckz~k "cko}`z`nk
ckh di ~ado}k nd zds}tds~` ndi d|`}kz`nkz! q ptd) ` i` |dv) }dzoa~d th` |an` ö~ai nd i` |ài|ti` stlacadh~dodh~d i`zg`"`}zkrao`n`odh~d 0= `ðks!) }kz di höodzk nd o`hakjz`s ptd ntz`h~d ds~d ~ado}k ~dhnzàh itg`z(
Lag( 46 \ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac` q naldzdh~ds }ksacakhds nd lthcakh`oadh~k(
5/10/2018 valvulas_expansi n_electronicas - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/valvulasexpansionelectronicas 4/7
>
Di sas~do` nd i` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac` hk ahcitqd hahgöh `fts~d nd zdc`idh~`oadh~k( Ds~d sas~do` dhctdh~z` }kz
sï sóik di zdc`idh~`oadh~k ó}~aok q gz`ca`s ` st `o}ia` g`o` nd lthcakh`oadh~k }tdnd lthcakh`z dh ckhnacakhds oàs|`za`jids ptd th` |ài|ti` nd dr}`hsaóh ~dzoks~à~ac`( @ndoàs) k~z` |dh~`f` ds ptd ckh~z`za`odh~d ` i`s \D^s) di sas~do` nd
ckh~zki hk hdcdsa~` agt`i`caóh nd }zdsaóh dr~dzh`(
@ ds~d ~a}k nd |ài|ti` sd id `~zajtqd i` gdhdz`caóh nd `igöh }zkjido` ckok6 i` }ksajaian`n nd kc`sakh`z |ajz`cakhds dh di
cazcta~k ` ckhsdctdhca` ndi gki}d nd `zad~d ptd sd }zkntcd `i cdzz`zsd i` |ài|ti`) nd o`hdz` jztsc`) ct`hnk i` ckzzadh~d sd
ah~dzzto}d( I`s |ajz`cakhds kzagah`h ztanks }dz~tzj`nkzds q ` i`zgk }i`vk) gzad~`s q zk~tz`s dh i`s ~tjdzï`s q `ccdskzaks nd
i` ahs~`i`caóh( ]kz ik ~`h~k b`q ptd ~dhdzik dh ctdh~` ` i` bkz` nd sdidccakh`z i` ~tjdzï` nd iïptank(
0(: \ài|ti`s nd dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac`s ckh ok~kz ],]
Th ok~kz ],] "}`sk ` }`sk! hk gaz` nd lkzo` ckh~aht` ckok th ok~kz ckh|dhcakh`i( Dh ds~d ~a}k nd ok~kz) b`jzà ptd
`}iac`zid th }tisk nd ~dhsaóh q di ok~kz gaz`zà th àhgtik nd~dzoah`nk) ndhkoah`nk }`sk) ptd }knzà sdz ndsnd 1=½ b`s~`
}dptdðks ok|aoadh~ks nd ~`h skik 0(2½ d ahcitsk =(7:¶( ]kz ik ~`h~k) ` th ok~kz ptd ~adhdh 1=¶ nd gazk }kz }`sk) sd hdcdsa~`
`}iac`zid > }tisks }`z` n`z th` |tdi~` cko}id~`) oadh~z`s ptd dh iks nd 0)2¶ hdcdsa~` :== }tisks) q dh iks nd =)7: ¶ hdcdsa~`
4==(
I` c`z`c~dzïs~ac` }zahca}`i nd ds~ks ok~kzds ds di bdcbk nd }kndz ok|dziks th }`sk }kz c`n` }tisk ptd di ckh~zki`nkz
didc~zóhack id `}iaptd( ]kz ds~` z`vóh skh and`ids }`z` i` ckhs~ztccaóh nd odc`hasoks dh nkhnd sd zdptadzdh ok|aoadh~ks
otq }zdcasks) ckok dh htds~zk c`sk) b`cadhnk ptd di kzalacak nd i` \DD `jz` oàs k odhks(
Iks Ok~kzds ]`] stdidh sdz ci`salac`nks dh nks ~a}ks6 Ja}ki`zds k Tha}ki`zds "|dz lagtz` <!(
Ja}ki`zds6 Ds~ks ~adhd gdhdz`iodh~d ct`~zk c`jids nd s`ian`
Tha}ki`zds6 Ds~ks ok~kzds stdidh ~dhdz < c`jids nd s`ian` k 4 sa cko}`z~dh di ~dzoah`i ckoöh( Ds~d ~a}k sd c`z`c~dzav`
}kz sdz oàs sao}id nd ckh~zki`z(
Lag( <6 ^a}k nd ok~kzds ],]
Jàsac`odh~d ds~ks ok~kzds ds~àh ckhs~a~tankshkzo`iodh~d }kz th zk~kz "}`z~d ptd gaz`! skjzd di ptd
|`h `}iac`nks nas~ah~ks ao`hds }dzo`hdh~ds q }kz nks
jkjah`s drca~`nkz`s jkjah`n`s dh st ds~`~kz "}`z~d laf`!
ckh th cadz~k höodzk nd nadh~ds "}kiks!(
^kn` i` ckhot~`caóh "k drca~`caóh nd i`s jkjah`s! ndjdzsdz zd`iav`n` }kz th ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack(
Dh i` lagtz` 2 sd otds~z` th ckz~d nd i` sdccaóh |dz~ac`i
nd i`s jkjah`s ndi ds~`~kz "jkjah` @ q @ q jkjah` J q J ! nd th ok~kz ]`] tha}ki`z ckh 4 c`jids(
Lag( 76 Didodh~ks nd th ok~kz ]`]
5/10/2018 valvulas_expansi n_electronicas - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/valvulasexpansionelectronicas 5/7
4
Lag( 26 Ckz~d nd th ok~kz ]`] q sts jkjah`s ndi ds~`~kz
Sdctdhca` nd gazk ndi ok~kz tha}ki`z6 Ds~` sdccaóh dr}iac` i`
zk~`caóh ndi zk~kz nd aoàh }dzo`hdh~d nd N`hlkss ~a}k E\( Di zk~kz
~adhd :> }kiks) }dzk |`oks ` sao}ialac`zik ` skik > }kiks }`z` ~z`~`z
nd b`cdz oàs sdhcaii` i` dr}iac`caóh(
Dh i` lagtz` 1 sd otds~z` th ckz~d ~z`hs|dzs`i |dz~ac`i ndi ds~`~kz
nkhnd sd andh~alac` c`n` thk nd iks > }kiks ndi ds~`~kz dhc`zg`nk ndgdhdz`z di c`o}k o`ghá~ack gaz`~kzak `skca`nks ` c`n` th` nd i`
jkjah`s(
Dh i` lagtz` 0= sd otds~z` i`s nas~ah~`s l`sds nd i` sdctdhca` ptd
sdgtazà di ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack }`z` b`cdz gaz`z `i ok~kz ]`] }`z`
ptd `jz` k cadzzd i` \DD) skik j`s~`zà ah|dz~az i` sdctdhca` }`z`
ah|dz~az di sdh~ank nd gazk ndi ok~kz(
Lag( 16 ]kiks ndi jkjah`nk ndi ds~`~kz
^`ojaáh ndjdzï`s s`jdz ptd b`q th ~ado}k nd~dzoah`nk }`z` zd`iav`z i` sdctdhca` dh c`n` thk nd iks }`sks ptd sd ndjdh
n`z) q` ptd sa i` |dikcan`n nd iks }tisks ds ndo`sa`nk `i~`) ds }ksajid ptd di ok~kz sd |tdi|` ikck q gazd dh di sdh~ank ptd sd
id kctzz`) k jadh ptdn`zsd ~a~tjd`hnk dh th` ski` }ksacaóh sah s`jdz ptd ndokhaks b`cdz( ]`z` diik di ckh~zki`nkz ndjd
ckhkcdz di ~a}k nd ok~kz ]`] ptd |` ` ckh~zki`z(
Lag( 0=6 Sdctdhca` nd gazk nd th ok~kz ]`]
\ki|adhnk ` i` lagtz` 47) |doks dh di }`sk A) ptd sa di ckh~zki`nkz iógack dh|ï` th }tisk nd ~dhsaóh ` i` jkjah` @) }zkntcazà
dh di }kik "0! i` }ki`zan`n ahnac`n` "}kik Hkz~d! q dh di }kik ":! i` }ki`zan`n ckh~z`za` "]kik Stz!( Ds~k czd`zà th c`o}k
o`ghá~ack zdsti~`h~d ckh i` nazdccaóh ahnac`n` ptd sa~t`zà `i zk~kz dh i` }ksacaóh ahnac`n` dh i` lagtz`(
5/10/2018 valvulas_expansi n_electronicas - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/valvulasexpansionelectronicas 6/7
<
Sa di sagtadh~d }tisk hk skik sd ik dh|ï` ckok `h~ds ` i` jkjah` @) sahk `ndoàs ik dh|ï` i` jkjah` J) }zkntcazà dh }kik "3!nd i` jkjah` J i` }ki`zan`n ahnac`n` "}kik Stz! q dh di ">! i` }ki`zan`n ckh~z`za` "]kik Hkz~d!( Ds~k czd`zà th c`o}k
o`ghá~ack zdsti~`h~d ptd b`jzà gaz`nk ::)4 ¶ ckh zds}dc~k ` i` `h~dzakz }ksacaóh) n`hnk ckok zdsti~`nk di oasok àhgtik nd
gazk ndi zk~kz(
Sa di sagtadh~d }tisk) di ckh~zki`nkz iógack skik ik dh|ï` ` i` jkjah` J) }zkntcazà dh di }kik "3! i` }ki`zan`n ahnac`n` "}kik
Stz! q dh di }kik ">! i` }ki`zan`n ckh~z`za` "]kik Hkz~d!( Ds~k czd`zà th c`o}k o`ghá~ack zdsti~`h~d ptd b`jzà gaz`nk ::)4 ¶ckh zds}dc~k ` i` `h~dzakz }ksacaóh) n`hnk ckok zdsti~`nk k~zk àhgtik nd gazk ndi zk~kz nd ::)4 ¶(
Lag( 006 Sdctdhca` nd }`sks }`z` `jzaz k cdzz`z i` \DD ok~kzav`n` ~a}k E\ "N`hlkss!
Sa |`oks sagtadhnk i` sdctdhca` o`zc`n` dh i` lagtz` 42) di zk~kz azà gaz`hnk dh }`sks nd ::)4 ¶ q hdcdsa~`zà 2 }tisks }`z`
gaz`z 02= ¶( ]dzk zdctdznd) di ok~kz zd`i nd i` \DD ~a}k E\ nd N`hlkss) ~adhd :> }kiks "< }kiks oàs ptd htds~zk ok~kz nd
dfdo}ik! q }kz ik ~`h~k ckh 2 }tisks `}iac`nks skik b`jzà gaz`nk th` sdr~` }`z~d) ds~k ds) 3= ¶(
Sdctdhca` nd gazk nd th ok~kz ja}ki`z6 ]`z` ikgz`z di gazk nd th ok~kz ja}ki`z) di ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack ndjd ah|dz~az dh
sdh~ank i`s }ki`zan`nds nd iks }tisks nd ~dhsaóh `}iac`nks c`n` jkjah` A q AA( Dh i` lagtz` 0: sd otds~z` i` sdctdhca` nd
}tisks ckh sts }ki`zan`nds ptd ~dhnzï`oks ptd `}iac`z `i ok~kz ]`] nd i` \DD nd N`hlkss ~a}k D^S(
Lag( 0:6 Sdctdhca` nd }tisks }`z` di gazk ndi ok~kz ]`] ja}ki`z dh i` \DD D^S "N`hlkss!(
5/10/2018 valvulas_expansi n_electronicas - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/valvulasexpansionelectronicas 7/7
7
I`s |ài|ti`s nd dr}`hsaóh didc~zóhac` \DD ckh ok~kzds ]`] skh i`s oàs okndzh`s ptd b` }zkntcank i` ~dchkikgï`) dh th
ah~dh~k nd zdski|dz i`s nalacti~`nds }i`h~d`n`s }`z` ckhsdgtaz i` zdgti`caóh }zdcas` ptd ~dhï`h iks ~a}ks }zdcdndh~ds(
Ckh ds~d ~a}k nd \DD sd ikgz`z th` oknalac`caóh ndi c`tn`i nd lkzo` }zdcas` q ckh~aht`) sah zd`iav`z s`i~ks jztscks( ]`z`
diik t~aiav`h th` ~dchkikgï` naldzdh~d ptd ckhsas~d dh }zkntcaz di `|`hcd ndi áojkik odna`h~d th ok~kz ]`] ptd ski`odh~d
gaz` th }dptdðk àhgtik c`n` |dv ptd zdcajd th }tisk nd ckzzadh~d diác~zac`(
Iks sdhskzds nd ~do}dz`~tz` ckikc`nks ` i` dh~z`n` q s`ian` ndi d|`}kz`nkz dh|ï`h iks n`~ks `i ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack ptdds di dhc`zg`nk nd doa~az i` sdð`i }`z` ptd di ok~kz dfdct~d iks }`sks hdcds`zaks) }`z` }zkntcaz th gz`nk nd `}dz~tz` k cadzzd
nd~dzoah`nk nd i` |ài|ti`(
Ct`h~k oàs }dptdðk sd` di àhgtik ptd di ok~kz gaz` c`n` |dv) o`qkz }zdcasaóh sd ikgz`zà dh i` `}dz~tz` q cadzzd nd i`
|ài|ti`) }tds~k ptd di áojkik `|`hv`zà ckh nds}i`v`oadh~ks odhkzds( Dh ~`i c`sk) sd nacd ptd i` |ài|ti` ~adhd o`qkz
c`}`can`n nd zdskitcaóh(
I` do}zds` N`hlkss nas}khd nd ok~kzds ]`] nd `i~` |dikcan`n ckh th ~ado}k hdcds`zak }`z` `}dz~tz` k cadzzd cko}id~k ptd
kscai` dh~zd 3 q 03 sdgthnks q di höodzk nd }`sks |`zï` dh~zd :4= q 0(===) dh lthcaóh ndi ~`o`ðk nd i` |ài|ti`( Ckh ik ptd
}tdnd |dzsd ptd ik ptd sd ckhsagtd ds }zàc~ac`odh~d th` zdgti`caóh ckh~aht`(
Ds~d ~a}k nd \DD }zdsdh~` i`s sagtadh~ds |dh~`f`s zds}dc~k ` i`s |ài|ti`s nd dr}`hsaóh ~dzoks~à~ac`s ckh|dhcakh`ids6
T~aiav`caóh ó}~ao` ndi d|`}kz`nkz dh ct`iptadz ckhnacaóh nd c`zg`(
K}~aoav`caóh ndi zdc`idh~`oadh~k) ptd sd }tdnd `fts~`z ` |`ikzds oàs }dptdðks ptd ckh i`s \D^¾s "thks : ¶C!(
Hk }zdsdh~`h iks }zkjido`s nd i`s \DD }tis`h~ds nd iks gki}ds nd `zad~d(
Okh~`fd sdhcaiik q l`caian`n nd }tds~` dh o`zcb`(
Di ckh~zki`nkz didc~zóhack ahckz}kz` oöi~a}ids lthcakhds6 ~dzoks~`~k) `i`zo`) na`ghós~ack }`z` `|dzï`s(((