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Transcript of PhD Candidate: Francisco Montero Advisors: Dr. Pascual González Dra. María Dolores Lozano...
PhD Candidate:Francisco Montero
Advisors:Dr. Pascual González
Dra. María Dolores Lozano
PhD Candidate:Francisco Montero
Advisors:Dr. Pascual González
Dra. María Dolores Lozano
Integración de Integración de calidad y calidad y
experiencia en el experiencia en el desarrollo de desarrollo de interfaces de interfaces de
usuario dirigido usuario dirigido por modelospor modelos
Integración de Integración de calidad y calidad y
experiencia en el experiencia en el desarrollo de desarrollo de interfaces de interfaces de
usuario dirigido usuario dirigido por modelospor modelos
PhD dissertation Universidad de Castilla-La
Mancha
Dep. de Sistemas Informáticos
Albacete, 2005
PhD Candidate:Francisco Montero
Advisors:Dr. Pascual González
Dra. María Dolores Lozano
PhD Candidate:Francisco Montero
Advisors:Dr. Pascual González
Dra. María Dolores Lozano
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
PhD dissertationUniversidad de Castilla-La
Mancha
Dep. de Sistemas Informáticos
Albacete, 2005
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertationTable of Contents
i. Introduction
ii. Literature Review
iii. Quality and Experience
iv. A methodology
v. A tool: IDEALXML
vii. Conclusions and Future Work
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
vi. An Example
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertation
i. Introduction
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
PhD dissertati
on
i. Introduction
Human-Computer Interaction
Software Engineering
• Context• Motivation • Working Hypotheses
PhD dissertati
on
Improper requirements
analysis29%
Improper software design19%
Improper software
specification17%
Improper test on actual machine
7%
Modification of hardware
specification7%
Coding error5% Others
16%
i. Introduction
• Context• Motivation • Working Hypotheses
(Japanese METIA, 2004)
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i. Introduction
Our main goal is to provide support for quality user interface development tasks.
• Context• Motivation •Working Hypotheses
usability experience
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i. Introduction
Coupling UI analysis and design to software design more tightly is desirable to create a complete model of an application prior to implementation, thus to avoid as much errors as possible.
We can think of models as a way to help bridging the gap between business and technology, a pervasive problem in today’s business environment
We strongly believe that the industry will increasingly adopt models as first-class artifacts within an agile software development process
• Context• Motivation • Working Hypotheses
The integration of HCI techniques into SE practice is not an easy endeavour, since both fields speak different languages and they deal with software development from different perspectives.
A pattern is essentially a model with some holes in it, together with some rules about how each hole may be filled in by some or all of another model. An effective technology for describing and applying patterns enables large models to be constructed from small ones, and models of one kind to be assembled from models of other kinds.
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i. Introduction
• Context• Motivation • Working Hypotheses
What is quality?
What is experience and how can we use it?
How is possible to integrate quality with experience?
How can the quality of user interfaces be improved?
Is compatible it with the actual trend of development?
Which benefits can we get from using this possibility?
How does it works?
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertation
ii. Literature Review
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
PhD dissertati
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ii. Literature Review
The history of software development is a history of raising the level of abstraction.
• Introduction • Software Engineering• Human- Computer Interaction• Conclusions
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ii. Literature Review
Software engineering practices and research have led to several methodologies that are highly adequate for development software.
• Introduction • Software Engineering• Human- Computer Interaction• Conclusions
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ii. Literature Review
• Introduction • Software Engineering• Human- Computer Interaction• Conclusions
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ii. Literature Review
• Introduction • Software Engineering• Human- Computer Interaction• Conclusions
models
PhD dissertati
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ii. Literature Review
• Introduction • Software Engineering• Human- Computer Interaction• Conclusions
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertation
iii. Quality and Experience
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
PhD dissertati
on
iii. Quality and Experience
What is quality? / What is usability?
Usability is about human behaviour. It recognizes that humans are lazy, get emotional, are not interested in putting a lot of effort into, say, getting a credit card and generally prefer things that are easy to do vs. those that are hard to do. (McQuillen, 2003).
The ease, speed, and pleasantness with which intended people can use a product.
Usability is the measure of a product's potential to accomplish the goals of the user.
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
on
iii. Quality and Experience
According to international standards, two different definitions for usability are proposed:
– Usability as a high-level quality objective is defined in the ISO 9241-11 standard as: “the extend to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use”
– Usability is defined in this way in ISO/IEC 9126 as “a set of attributes of an interactive system that bear on the effort needed for use and on the individual assessment of such use by a stated or implied set of users”
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
ISO/IEC 9126-1
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
Ergonomic criteria
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
Quality model
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iii. Quality and Experience
We have many sources of experience:
– Principles
– Standards
– Guidelines
– Patterns
- Domain
- Design
- Task
- Interaction / usability
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
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iii. Quality and Experience
Collaboration patterns
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
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iii. Quality and Experience
Design patterns
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
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iii. Quality and Experience
Interaction patterns
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
Pattern Language Markup Language (PLML) (pronounced "PellMell" )
At the "CHI-03 workshop on HCI Patterns: Concepts and Tools", the participants created a first version of a pattern template that can be used to unify the appearance of the different pattern languages that evolved so far.
Connecting the different pattern languages is a challenging task and the translation of the different collections into a unified representation was one first step to solve this problem.
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
Pattern Language Markup Language (PLML)
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
model
domain
task
presentation
uiModel
1
*
mapping
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experience (models)
Quality
factor1 factor2 factori
criterion1 criterion2 criterionj
sub-criterion1 sub-criterion2
...
...
...
metrics
PIM{domain, task, user, absPres}
PSM1-{conPre´, dialog}
code1
factor level
criteria level
sub-criteria level
experience and metric level
Independentmodel
Dependentlevel
Codelevel
top
-do
wn
top
-do
wn
developmentprocess
evaluationprocess
coden
PSMn-{conPre´´, dialog´}
iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
quality model
PhD dissertati
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
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iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
on
iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
on
iii. Quality and Experience
• Quality• Experience• Q&E Integration
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertation
iv. A methodology
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
PhD dissertati
on
iv. A methodology
• Methodology• Language• Road Map
PhD dissertati
on
iv. A methodology
USer Interface eXtensible Markup Language (UsiXML) is a XML-compliant markup language that describes the UI for multiple contexts of use (Limbourg, 2004).
UsiXML consists of a User Interface Description Language (UIDL), that is a declarative language capturing the essence of what a UI is or should be independently of physical characteristics.
UsiXML describes at a high level of abstraction the constituting elements of the UI of an application: widgets, controls, containers, modalities, interaction techniques, ...
• Methodology• Language• Road Map
PhD dissertati
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a&d
task view
[inspect] implementmodel
develop
MDE
domain
maintainanalysis
Interaction patterns
Collaboration patterns
Design patterns
Quality model
iv. A methodology
• Methodology• Language• Road Map
PhD dissertati
on
iv. A methodology
• Methodology• Language• Road Map
(analysis)
a&d
task view
[inspect] implementmodel
develop
MDE
domain
maintainanalysis
Interaction patterns
Collaboration patterns
Design patterns
Quality model
PhD dissertati
on
iv. A methodology
• Methodology• Language• Road Map
(design)
a&d
task view
[inspect] implementmodel
develop
MDE
domain
maintainanalysis
Interaction patterns
Collaboration patterns
Design patterns
Quality model
PhD dissertati
on
iv. A methodology
• Methodology• Language• Road Map
(implement)
a&d
task view
[inspect] implementmodel
develop
MDE
domain
maintainanalysis
Interaction patterns
Collaboration patterns
Design patterns
Quality model
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertation v. A tool: IDEALXML
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
PhD dissertati
on
v. A tool: IDEALXML
Management environment and specification environment
PhD dissertati
on
v. A tool: IDEALXML
PhD dissertati
on
v. A tool: IDEALXML
PhD dissertati
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v. A tool: IDEALXML
Modelos usiXMLtareas y dominio
Modelos usiXMLInterfaz de
usuario abstracta
Modelos usiXMLInterfaz de
usuario concreta
Interfaz deusuario final
Trans. Trans.
IDEALXML
TransformiXMLR
endering
Derivation
Gen
erative
QtkXML
JaviXML
FlashiXML
GrafiXML
VisiXML
SketchiXML
FormiXML
KnowiXML VisualiXMLReversiXML
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertation
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
vi. An Example
PhD dissertati
on
vi. An example
Login
showUI()
remember()
validate()
newUser()
show*
view task
collaction
closeTask
Root
login password submit
help forgot
status
close
submit
Client
nombre: String
apellido: String
email: String
password:String
forgot
new
new
<<control>><<model>>
login pass
Interaction patterns
Collaboration patterns Design patterns
login
CustomerFirst Level of refinement
Second Level of refinement
PhD dissertati
on
vi. An example
showA*
view taskA
collactionA
closeATaskA*
StateA
Client
Context
showUI()
State
show()
StateA
show()
showStatus()
task()
collaction()
close()
StateB
show()
showStatus()
task()
collaction()
close()
state
0..*
0..*state.show()
showB*
view taskB
collactionB
closeBTaskB*
StateB
Design patterns
Interaction patterns
Second Level of refinement
PhD dissertati
on
vi. An example
Client Context
request()
State
show()
StateA
show()
close()
collaction()
StateB
show()
close()
collaction()
state
0..*
0..*
state.event()
close
componentes asociados
a task
close
componentes asociados
a task
Interaction patterns
Design patterns
Second Level of refinement
PhD dissertati
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vi. An example ok
check
edit
info
info
link
edit
info
info
ok
info
ok
edit
ok
info
check
edit
edit
edit
info
edit
edit
ok info
Third levelof refinement
(GUI)
PhD dissertati
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vi. An example info
ok
check
info
info
info
edit
info
edit info
info
Third levelof refinement
(mobile)
PhD dissertati
on
PhD dissertation
vii. Conclusions and Future Work
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
Quality and Quality and experience experience
integration in the integration in the model-driven model-driven
user interfaces user interfaces development development
processprocess
PhD dissertati
on
vii.Conclusions and Future Work
We have explored issues related to integration, management, and use of multi-disciplinary system design knowledge.
We need repositories and other points of exchange for system design knowledge, and conceptual catalysts to support value-added integration of the results from multidisciplinary design research and practice.
This thesis provides a process that guides teams through a complex project. It uses IDEALXML tools to help to manage information. It includes abstraction paths that help the team to understand the whole problem before they divide it.
A method for the early phases of the user-centred design life-cycle is proposed. Experience facilitates the developers to carry out the user-centred activities of a software project.
We presented how different kinds of patterns can assist in bridging the gap between requirements and design in software development, and the research challenges posed by their use.
• Conclusions•Outcomes •Future Work
PhD dissertati
on
vii.Conclusions and Future Work
This thesis extends Tidwell's approach by defining a formal approach to user interface design pattern modeling with implications for use case (task) modelling, UI design, UI implementation, and the teaching of HCI techniques.
This thesis presents an approach that shows how user-centred requirements analysis can be cost effectively integrated to use case-driven requirements engineering.
In summary:
This thesis introduces a framework where quality and experience are defined and integrated.
Patterns from different scopes are successfully used to interactive applications development.
• Conclusions• Outcomes•Future Work
PhD dissertati
on
vii.Conclusions and Future Work
I did a research stay at the Université catholique de Louvain
Relationships with:
- the Belgian Laboratory of Computer-Human Interaction (BCHI) Université catholique de Louvain
- the Software Engineering and Information Systems Research Group (ISSI) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- the Laboratorio de Información y Formación en Informática Avanzada (LIFIA) Universidad Nacional de La Plata
European research activity:
- The SIMILAR Network of Excellence
- COST Action 294
- Spanish CICYT project TIN2004-08000-C03-01
- the PCB-03-003 project from the Consejería de Educación
• Conclusions• Outcomes•Future Work
PhD dissertati
on
vii.Conclusions and Future Work
Papers:
- on patterns:
- on quality models:
- on IDEALXML:
• Conclusions• Outcomes•Future Work
Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Molina, J.P., Lozano, M. Improving e-shops environments by using usability patterns. 2nd workshop on software and usability cross-polination. The role of usability patterns. September, 1-2, 2003, Zürich, Switzerland. 2003
Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P., Ramos, I. Designing web sites by using design patterns. The second latin american conference on pattern languages of Programming. Itaipava- Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 5 a 7 de agosto de 2002. (ISBN: 85-87837-07-9)
Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P., Ramos, I. A first approach for design web sites by using patterns. First Nordic conference on Pattern Languages of Program. Hojstrupgard, Dinamarca. 20 a 22 de septiembre de 2002. (ISBN: 87-7849-769-8)
Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P. Patrones de interacción: Taxonomía y otros problemas. Congreso Internacional de Interacción 2002. Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, 8 a 10 de mayo de 2002.
PhD dissertati
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vii.Conclusions and Future Work
Papers:
- on patterns:
- on quality models:
- on IDEALXML:
• Conclusions• Outcomes•Future Work
Montero, F., González, P., Lozano, M., Vanderdonckt, J. Quality Models for Automated Evaluation of Web Sites Usability and Accessibility. Towards the Maturation of IT Usability Evaluation (MAUSE). Interact 2005 Short Paper. Roma, Italy, September 2005, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag.
Montero, F., Lozano, M., López-Jaquero, V., González, P. A Quality Model For Testing The Usability Of The Web Sites. 10th International Conference on Human - Computer Interaction (HCI, 2003). 22 a 27 de Julio, Creta, Grecia. 2003. Human-Computer Interaction: Theory and Practice (part 1). J. Jacko, C. Stephanidis (Eds.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Londrés, Reino Unido, 2003. (ISBN: 0-8058-4931-9)
Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Lozano, M., González, P. Usability and Web Site Evaluation: Quality Models and User Testing Evaluations. ICEIS (1) 2003: 525-528
Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P. Calidad en interfaces de usuario. Capítulo 5 del libro Calidad en el desarrollo y mantenimiento del software. Coordinadores: Mario G. Piattini, Felix O. García. Editorial Ra-Ma. 2003. (ISBN: 84-7897-544-6).
PhD dissertati
on
vii.Conclusions and Future Work
Papers:
- on patterns:
- on quality models:
- on IDEALXML:
• Conclusions• Outcomes•Future Work
Montero, F., Lozano, M., González, P.: IDEALXML: an Experience-Based Environment for User Interface Design and pattern manipulation. Technical Report DIAB-05-01-4. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (2005)
Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Lozano, M., González, P. A user interfaces development and abstraction mechanisms. Artículo seleccionado en el V Congreso Interacción Persona Ordenador para su publicación en Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005. (to appear)
Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Vanderdonckt, J., Gonzalez, P., Lozano, M.D., Solving the Mapping Problem in User Interface Design by Seamless Integration in IdealXML. 12th International Workshop on Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS’2005), Newcastle upon Tyne, England, July 13-15, 2005. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005 (to appear)
Montero, F., López-Jaquero, V., Ramírez, Y., Lozano, M., González. P. Patrones de Interacción: para usuarios y para diseñadores. VI Congreso de Interacción Persona-Ordenador. 13-16 de septiembre, Granada, España. 2005 (por aparecer).
PhD dissertati
on
vii.Conclusions and Future Work
Future works are related with methodological and operational aspects. Methodological aspects are about:
Traditionally, collaboration tasks are not considered in patterns or task analysis. We want to deal with these subjects and consider what requirements (functional and non-explicitly functional) these considerations demand.
Adaptation, adaptativity and new paradigm of interaction
The contribution of satisfaction to the usability equation is receiving increasing attention. We want to dedicate an research effort in this direction.
• Conclusions• Outcomes• Future Work
PhD dissertati
on
vii.Conclusions and Future Work
Future works are related with methodological and operational aspects. Operational aspects are about IDEALXML.
The definition of precise rules for model transformation
Simulating and prototyping
Other future work is the consideration of the notion of graceful degradation (Florins et al., 2004).
• Conclusions• Outcomes• Future Work
PhD dissertati
on
Acknowledgments
I want to thank everyone who has helped me to reach this goal and in particular my advisors Pascual González and María Lozano. Special thanks to Jean Vanderdonckt for his help and support.
Finally, I would like to dedicate this achievement to my family, my girlfriend Yolanda and my friends.
This work was supported by the Spanish CICYT project TIN2004-08000-C03-01 and the PCB-03-003 project from the Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.
PhD dissertati
on
Questions for Discussion
Quality and experience integration in the model-driven user interfaces development
Quality and experience integration in the model-driven user interfaces development
PhD dissertation
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Dep. de Sistemas Informáticos
Albacete, 2005