Modulo de Porcinos

8/17/2019 Modulo de Porcinos

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MODULO DE CRIANZA YMANEJO TECNIFICADO DEPORCINOS

II Y III DE BACHILLERATO ENEXPLOTACIONES AGROPECUARIAS

HOLMES MACIAS MUÑIZ DOCENTE



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UNIDAD DE TRABAJO Nº 1Clasifcación taxonómica y zootécnica de

los porcinosObjetivo de la Unidad de Trabajo: Describir y clasifcar taxonómica y

zootécnicamente las especies menores.

INTRODUCCIÓN

Los fac o!"s #$" %a& '" "!()&a'o *a "scasa +o,*ac)-& '" c"!'os "& La )&oa(.!)ca so&*a co(+" "&c)a '"* c"!'o co& "* %o(,!" +o! *os /!a&os0 *a " )s "&c)a '" " "&sos +as )2a*"s &a $!a*"s a'"c$a'os +a!a *a " +*o ac)-& '" !"s"s0 3 *a ')f)c$* a' +a!aco&s"!4a! *a ca!&" '" c"!'o5S)& "(,a!/o0 "s )(+o! a& " %ac"! &o a! #$" $& c"!'o !)&'" %as a 67 8 97 : '" ca!&" "&ca&a* 3 #$" "s " !"&')()"& o "s (a3o! #$" "& *os ,o4)&os5 ;Los c"!'os ("?o!a'os 3 a*)("& a'os co& !ac)o&"s ,a*a&c"a'as0 +!o'$c"& $&a ca&a*(a/!a co& ($c%a ca!&"5 A'"(@s0 c$a&'o "* (a&"?o '" *os c"!'os "s a'"c$a'o0 *a)&c)'"&c)a '" "&f"!("'a'"s 3 +a!@s) os "s !"*a )4a("& " ,a?a5

Los c"!'os +$"'"& +!o4""! +!o " &as "& fo!(a a& "f)c)"& " co(o o !os a&)(a*"s U&so*o +o!c)c$* o! +$"'" c!)a! c"!'os '"s'" #$" &ac"& %as a s$ sac!)f)c)o c$a&'o a*ca&2a&$& +!o("')o '" 1== /5 '" +"so 4)4o 'a'o #$" &o s" !"#$)"!"& (@s '" < o 6 ("s"s +a!a '" "!()&a! s$ c)c*o '" +!o'$cc)-& Co& $&a co&4"!s)-& a*)("& )c)a &o (a3o! a 57

/5 D" a*)("& o +o! /5 D" c!"c)()"& o0 "s '"c)! s" !"#$)"!"& s-*o 7= /5 D"a*)("& o +o! a&)(a* +a!a o, "&"! $& ,$"& !"&')()"& o "co&-()co5

1. EL ANIMAL

Pa!a *o/!a! $&a ,$"&a +!o'$cc)-& +o!c)&a "s &"c"sa!)a '" co&oc"! a* c"!'o0 o s"a *os

)+os 3 !a2as0 s$ " "!)o! 3 *as +a! "s (@s )(+o! a& "s '"* c"!'o1.1. ORIGEN

Los c"!'os 'o(.s )cos ac $a*"s s" '"!)4a& '" c$a !o s$,/.&"!os E$s$s0 S !)a os$s0 S$sSc!ofa F"!$s 3 M"') "!!a&"$s5 Co(o fo!(as +!"%)s -!)cas +!"f"!"& "("& " '"*)() a'as0&o so*o "& *o #$" s" !"f)"!" a *os ca!ac "!"s c!a&"a*"s 3 c"f@*)cos "& /"&"!a*0 s)&o

a(,).& "& c$a& o a s$s !"s+"c )4as @!"as '" ')f$s)-& " )&f*$"&c)a5

1.2. CLASIFICACIÓN ZOOLÓGICA



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Los c"!'os '" )+o ca!&" +"! "&"c"& a *as !a2as D$!oc J"!s"30 Ha(+s%)!"0Yo! s%)!"0 3 La&'!ac"5Las +!)&c)+a*"s !a2as ("?o!a'as so&

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+) F* !$"#5 U&)-& "& !" ,oca 3 ca4)'a' &asa*) E'/ *"% T$,o co! o 3 cas) !"c o Co&'$c" "* a*)("& o %as a "* "s -(a/o5

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1.9. CONSTANTES FISIOLÓGICAS

NOM8RE DE LA CONSTANTE 7ALOR

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1.: AUTOE7ALUACION DE LA UNIDAD DE TRA8AJO

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UNIDAD DE TRA8AJO N; 2BNutrición y alimentaciónObjetivo de la Unidad de Trabajo : Determinar laalimentación de los cerdos y elaborar dietas y racionesalimenticias.

INTRODUCCION

E* c"!'o "s $& a&)(a* (o&o/@s !)co o(& 4o!o5 E* fac o! +!)&c)+a* "& *os cos os

'" +!o'$cc)-& '" *os c"!'os "s *a a*)("& ac)-&5 Los cos "s '" a*)("& ac)-&a*ca&2a&0 a+!o )(a'a("& " "* 6 a* 9=: '"* o a* '" *a +!o'$cc)-&5A+!o )(a'a("& " "* 6: co!!"s+o&'" a *a (a&o '" o,!a 3 "* 1 : s" '"s )&a& ac$,!)! *a a(o! )2ac)-& 3 co&s"!4ac)-& '" "')f)c)os 3 "#$)+os0 "* )& "!.s '"* ca+) a*)&4"! )'o0 s"!4)c)os 4" "!)&a!)os 3 o !os cos "s &o +!"4)s os '" *a +!o'$cc)-&5

E& $&a " +*o ac)-& +o!c)&a "s co&4"&)"& " a*(ac"&a! *os )&s$(os +a!a *aa*)("& ac)-& '" c"!'os0 "& )&s a*ac)o&"s a(+*)as 3 4"& )*a'as "& 'o&'" a(,).&'","& "s a! *os "#$)+os +a!a *a +!o'$cc)-& '" a*)("& o5 Las &"c"s)'a'"sa*)("& )c)as '" *os +o!c)&os 4a! a& s"/ & "* +!o+-s) o co& "* #$" s" (a& )"&""s os a& (a*"s 3 a(,).& '" ac$"!'o a *a "'a' '"* a&)(a*5 Las !ac)o&"s +a!a *a

"!()&ac)-& '" *os c"!'os so& ($3 ')s )& as a *a ')" a #$" s" *"s '"," 'a! a *os!"+!o'$c o!"s0 3 *a !ac)-& +a!a *as c"!'as "& /"s ac)-& '"," ')f"!)! '" *asa& "!)o!"s0 &o o,s a& " " )s "& c)"! os !"#$)s) os &$ !) )4os +a!a ca'a )+o '"c"!'os5

• A*)("& o "&"!/. )co +a!a s$ (a& "&)()"& o 3 "!()&ac)-&5• M)&"!a*"s &"c"sa!)os +a!a *a "s !$c $!a co!+o!a* 3 +!oc"sos f)s)o*-/)cos '"*

c$"!+o5• ) a()&as +a!a "* c!"c)()"& o 3 ,)"&"s a! '"* a&)(a*5 A/$a &"c"sa!)a5

2.1. MANEJO DE LA ALIMENTACIÓN.

2.1.1. NUTRIENTES

So& *as s$s a&c)as #$ ()cas 4) a*"s +a!a "* c!"c)()"& o 3 (a& "&)()"& o '"*o!/a&)s(o a* a+o! a!*" "&"!/ a0 (a "!)a*"s '" s$s "s !$c $!as ; "?)'os> 3 fac o!"s&"c"sa!)os +a!a *as !"acc)o&"s #$ ()cas c"*$*a!"s5 Los &$ !)"& "s "s @& co& "&)'os +!)&c)+a*("& " "& *os a*)("& os0 +"!o a*/$&os +$"'"& s)& " )2a!s" "& "* +!o+)oo!/a&)s(o5

Los c"!'os &"c"s) a& 4a!)os "*"("& os &$ !) )4os co(o a/$a0 "&"!/ a0 +!o " &as0()&"!a*"s0 4) a()&as5



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K5K51515A" *.Es $& &$ !)"& " f$&'a("& a* 3a #$" co&s ) $3" "* 3 s$s ( * )+*oskilocalorías ; ca*>5 La "&"!/ a co& "&)'o "& *os a*)("& os s" c*as)f)ca Energíabruta 0 Energía digestible, Energía Metabolizable y Energía Neta.

2.2.1.2.1. E$# "5* 8 * (E8)5 Es *a "&"!/ a *),"!a'a c$a&'o ')c%a s$s a&c)a #$"s" #$"(a "& $&a ,o(,a co*o!)(. !)ca52.2.1.2.2. E$# "5* D!"#' !+ (ED)5 Es *a ca& )'a' '" "&"!/ a #$" "s "* a&)(a* +$"'" a+!o4"c%a! "& s$ +!o+)o ,"&"f)c)o52.2.1.2.3. E$# "5* M# *+%&!0*+ (EM). Es *a ED ("&os *a ca& )'a' '" "&"!/ a#$" s" +)"!'" co& *os /as"s 3 o!)&a52.2.1.2.4. E$# "5* N# * (EN).Es *a ')f"!"&c)a "& !" *a EM 3 "* )&c!"("& o '"ca*o!5

Ta& o $& " c"so co(o $&a '"f)c)"&c)a '" .s a "& *a !ac)-& )"&"& $& "f"c o &"/a )4oso,!" *a f"! )*)'a' '" *os !"+!o'$c o!"s5 A'"(@s0 $&a '"f)c)"&c)a '" "&"!/ a



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')s()&$3" *a co&4"!s)-& a*)("& )c)a0 3 !" a!'a "* c!"c)()"& o5 E& ca(,)o0 $&" c"so '" "&"!/ a +!o'$c" '"(as)a'a /!asa "& *a ca&a* '" *os a&)(a*"s '" "&/o!'a5

2.2.1.3. P % #5$*'5 Es +!)&c)+a* co&s ) $3"& " c"*$*a!0 "s @& fo!(a'as +o! $&as"c$"&c)a '" (@s '" K= a()&o@c)'os "& ')f"!"& "s co(,)&ac)o&"s5

La +!o " &a )&/!"sa co& *os a*)("& os 3 "& "* a+a!a o ')/"s )4o s" f!a/("& a "&a()&o@c)'os #$" so& a,so!,)'os 3 *$"/o fo!(a& &$"4as (o*.c$*as '" +!o " &as5Las &"c"s)'a'"s "& +!o " &as 3 a()&o@c)'os so& +!o+o!c)o&a*("& " (@s "*"4a'as"& "* a&)(a* ?o4"&0 ')s()&$3"&'o +a$*a )&a("& " a ("')'a #$" a$("& a "& "'a'5;M$ os " a* 1 95>

Los aminoácidos esenciales so& *os #$" "* c"!'o &o +$"'" s)& " )2a! o *o %ac" co&

')f)c$* a' s)"&'o *os +!)&c)+a*"s *a L)s)&a0 T!"o&)&a0 T!)+ -fa&o0 M" )o&)&a 3C)s )&a0 '",)"&'o "s os "s a! +!"s"& "s "& *a ')" a5

E& "* c"!'o $&a '"f)c)"&c)a '" a*/ & a()&o@c)'o 'a!@ *$/a! a $&a (a*a asa '"c!"c)()"& o0 co&4"!s)-& o $& (a* !"s$* a'o !"+!o'$c )4o5 ; " )fa!(a K==7>5

E* co&c"+ o '" Proteína Ideal s" !"f)"!" a *a !"*ac)-& '" *os a()&o@c)'os o(a&'oco(o !"f"!"&c)a *a L)s)&a5

D)c%a +!o " &a )'"a* +$"'" '"f)&)!s" co(o a#$"**a "& *a #$" o'os *os a()&o@c)'os#$" *a co(+o&"& ac a& co(o *)() a& "s o0 ')c%o '" o !a (a&"!a0 "s $&a +!o " &a)&("?o!a,*" +o! (@s #$" s" *" a a'a c$a*#$)"! a()&o@c)'o0 3 &)ca("& " co& *aa')c)-& '" o'os *os a()&o@c)'os s)($* @&"a("& " s" +o'!@ ("?o!a! *a !" "&c)-& '"&) !-/"&o +o! +a! " '"* a&)(a*5 ;M$ os " a* 1 95>

La Proteína Bruta "s *a #$" )&/!"sa co& *os a*)("& os5

La Proteína Digestible "s *a #$" )&/!"sa a* o!!"& " c)!c$*a o!)o a !a4.s '" *osa()&o@c)'os5

E*Valor Biol gico '" $&a +!o " &a "s @ 'a'o +o! *a !)#$"2a "& *os a()&o@c)'os"s"&c)a*"s5

Las f$"& "s '" +!o " &as 4"/" a*"s (@s )(+o! a& "s so& *a %a!)&a '" so3a0 /)!aso*0a*fa*fa 3 af!"c%)**o '" !)/o5 Las f$"& "s '" +!o " &a a&)(a* so& *a %a!)&a '" sa&/!"0%a!)&a +"sca'o0 ca!&" 3 %$"sos0 *"c%" "& +o*4o 3 s$"!o '" #$"so5

U&a '"f)c)"&c)a '" +!o " &a0 "& ca& )'a' o "& ca*)'a'0 ca$sa +!o,*"(as '" a+" ) o0c!"c)()"& o0 a&o(a* as "& "* +"*o 3 *a +)"*0 +a! )c$*a!("& " "& *os a&)(a*"s ?-4"&"s5

2.2.1.4. M!$# *'5 Los ()&"!a*"s )"&"& f$&c)o&"s ($3 ')4"!sas "& "* o!/a&)s(oco(o "s !$c $!a*"s "& ($c%os "?)'os co(o $&a a(+*)a 4a!)"'a' '" f$&c)o&"s

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Los micro minerales (@s co($&"s so& "* Z)&c0 Co,!"0 H)"!!o0 Ma&/a&"so0 Yo'o0S"*"&)o0 C!o(o 3 Co,a* o5La f$"& "s (@s co($&"s '" *os ()&"!a*"s so& )&o!/@&)cas ;s" " !a"& '" *a&a $!a*"2a> 3 * )(a("& " s" "s @& +!o'$c)"&'o ($c%os "& fo!(a o!/@&)ca ;a

!a4.s '" *a +!o'$cc)-& +o! +a! " '" ,ac "!)as> #$" co& )"&"& ("?o! as)()*ac)-&0 &o)"&"& o )c)'a' 3 &o co& a()&a& "* ("')o a(,)"& "5 ; " )fa!(a K==7>5

E* ca*c)o 3 "* f-sfo!o so& )(+o! a& "s +a!a "* '"sa!!o**o "s#$"*" o +"!o a(,).&

)"&"& s$ +!"s"&c)a "& *os "?)'os ,*a&'os $&a 4) a* )(+o! a&c)a5 U&a '"f)c)"&c)a '"a(,os o $&a (a*a !"*ac)-& +!o'$c)!@& $&a '"f"c $osa ()&"!a*)2ac)-& +"!o a'"(@s +!o'$c)!@ $&a !"'$cc)-& "& "* c!"c)()"& o o "& *a f$&c)-& !"+!o'$c o!a5

E* f-sfo!o s" "&c$"& !a "& *os c"!"a*"s "& fo!(a '" F) a os0 #$" so& (a* $ )*)2a'os +o! "* c"!'o0 s" co&s)'"!a #$" *a ')s+o&),)*)'a' '"* f-sfo!o "& *os c"!"a*"s "s '"* K=a* = :5 E )s "& $&as "&2)(as **a(a'as F) asas #$" *),"!a& a* f-sfo!o 3 *o '"?a&')s+o&),*" +a!a s$ $ )*)2ac)-& +o! +a! " '"* c"!'o5 ; " )fa!(a K==7>5

Las f$"& "s (@s co($&"s '" f-sfo!o so& *as %a!)&as '" o!)/"& a&)(a* co& *a '"ca!&" 3 %$"sos 3 +"sca'o5 Ta(,).& "s @& *os fosfa os (o&o 3 ,)c@*c)cos5

Las +!)&c)+a*"s f$"& "s '" ca*c)o so& "* Ca!,o&a o '" ca*c)o 3 *a Co&c%)**a '"os !as0 a(,os s" '","& s$()&)s !a (o*)'os f)&os +a!a #$" *os +$"'a $ )*)2a! "*c"!'o5

La f$"& " '" c*o!o 3 so')o "s *a sa*0 s)"&'o )(+o! a& " s$ )&co!+o!ac)-& +a!a "*&o!(a* c!"c)()"& o5

Los c"!'os &"c"s) a& +!)&c)+a*("& " ca*c)o0 f-sfo!o0 c*o!o 3 so')o5 A ("&$'o "s&"c"sa!)o a a')! "& *as !ac)o&"s c)"! as ca& )'a'"s '" ca*c)o 3 f-sfo!o5 A'"(@s s"co*oca $& ,*o#$" '" sa* "& ca'a ?a$*a o co!!a*5 Los '"(@s ()&"!a*"s s" "&c$"& !a&&o!(a*("& " "& ca& )'a'"s s$f)c)"& "s "& *os a*)("& os +a!a +o!c)&os52.2.1.?5 7! * !$*'0 *os c"!'os so& s"&s),*"s a *a '"f)c)"&c)a '" cas) o'as *as4) a()&as52.2.1. . A$ !+!/ ! %'.Fa4o!"c"& "* ,$"& c!"c)()"& o0 "*)()&a&'o ,ac "!)as)&'"s"a,*"s 3 a3$'a&'o "& *a +!"4"&c)-& '" "&f"!("'a'"s a* co!&o *a ')a!!"a '"*os *"c%o&"s5 Po! "s o0 s" a a'"& a& ),)- )cos a *as !ac)o&"s '" c"!'os "& *ass)/$)"& "s ca& )'a'"s

DOSIS (" * %') T%$#&*,* ESTADO DEL ANIMAL



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2.3. RE UERIMIENTOS NUTRITI7OS

So& *as &"c"s)'a'"s '"* a&)(a* "& c$a& o s" !"f)"!" a "&"!/ a0 +!o " &a0 4) a()&as0()&"!a*"s0 " c5 Los !"#$"!)()"& os &$ !) )4os 4a! a& s"/ & *a "'a'0 sa*$'0 3 "s+"c)a*("& "*a " a+a f)s)o*-/)ca '"* a&)(a*5

2.3.1. NECESIDADES NUTRICIONALES POR EDAD ANIMAL

• U& *"c%-& '"," co&s$()! $& ,a*a&c"a'o #$" co& "&/a 1< : '" +!o " &a 3197 ca*5 EM /5 '" a*)("& o co& $& co&s$(o '" =07 /5 +o! ' a0 Es "

'"," s"! '" f@c)* ')/"s ),)*)'a' 3 +a*a a,)*)'a' +o! *o #$" "& ocas)o&"s s" *")&co!+o!a a2 ca! ;("*a2a> 3 *"c%" "& +o*4o5

• Pa!a *os c"!'os '" !"c! a 3 c!"c)()"& o s" '"," +!o+o!c)o&a! $& a*)("& o '"1< : '" +!o " &as 3 K= ca*0 /5 '" a*)("& o co& $& co&s$(o ')a!)o '"109 a K07 /5

• E& c"!'os '" "&/o!'" "s &"c"sa!)o 'a!*"s $& ,a*a&c"a'o #$" co& "&/a 1= a1 : '" +!o " &a 3 17= ca*5 '" EM /5 co& $& co&s$(o '" /5 +o! ' a5 Las c"!'as "& /"s ac)-& co&s$("& K o K57 /5 '" ,a*a&c"a'o +o! ' a0co& 1K56 : '" +!o " &a 3 1K7 ca*5 '" EM /5 '" a*)("& o5

• Las c"!'as "& "* +"! o'o '" *ac a&c)a co&s$("& ,a*a&c"a'o co& $& 1< : '" +!o " &a 3 197 ca*5 '" EM /5 '" a*)("& o0 co&s$()"&'o K /5 '"

a*)("& o ')a!)o 3 =07 /5 (@s +o! ca'a *"c%-& a +a! )! '"* #$)& o'"+"&')"&'o '"* & ("!o '" *"c%o&"s #$" "s a "s . a(a(a& a&'o5 • Las c"!'as '" !"(+*a2o co&s$("& K57 /5 '" a*)("& o ,a*a&c"a'o +o! ' a0

co& 1K : '" +!o " &a 3 7= ca*5 /5 '" a*)("& o5 • Los !"+!o'$c o!"s co&s$("& /5 '" ,a*a&c"a'o +o! ' a co& $& 1K56 : '"

+!o " &a 3 1K7 ca*5 '" EM /5 '" a*)("& o5

2.4. COMPOSICIÓN DE ALIMENTOS PARA CERDOS

Pa!a "*a,o!a! !ac)o&"s co& $&a c)"! a co(+os)c)-&0 s" ("2c*a& 4a!)os a*)("& os')s+o&),*"s5 A* !"s+"c o s" ')s )&/$"&

• a*)("& os !)cos "& "&"!/ a5



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• a*)("& os !)cos "& +!o " &as5• a*)("& os !)cos "& "&"!/ a 3 +!o " &as5• a*)("& os !)cos "& 4) a()&as 3 ()&"!a*"s5

Los a*)("& os !)cos "& "&"!/ a co& )"&"& "& /"&"!a* (@s '" K== ca*5 '""&"!/ a 3 ("&os '" 1 = '" +!o " &as ')/"s ),*"s8 +o! )*o/!a(o '" (a "!)a s"ca5So&0 +o! "?"(+*o0 $,.!c$*os0 !a c"s0 f!$ as 3 /!a&os5Los a*)("& os !)cos "& +!o " &as co& )"&"& (@s '" 1 = / '" +!o " &as ')/"s ),*"s03 ("&os '" K== ca*5 '" "&"!/ a +o! )*o/!a(o '" (a "!)a s"ca5 So&0 +o! "?"(+*o0 *as %a!)&as '" a*/o'-& '" ca!&" 3 %$"sos 3 '" sa&/!"0 as co(o !"s)'$os'" c"!4"c"! a5Los a*)("& os !)cos "& "&"!/ a 3 +!o " &as co& )"&"& (@s '" 1 = / '" +!o " &as

')/"s ),*"s 3 (@s '" K== ca*5 '" "&"!/ a +o! )*o/!a(o '" (a "!)a s"ca5 So&0 "& +a! )c$*a! %as %a!)&as 3 +as as '" !"s)'$os '" *a " !acc)-& '" ac") "s 4"/" a*"s 3*as %a!)&as '" o!)/"& a&)(a*5Los a*)("& os !)cos "& 4) a()&as 3 ()&"!a*"s so& "& +a! )c$*a! *os fo!!a?"s'"s"ca'os a! )f)c)a*("& " 3 *os fo!!a?"s 4"!'"s5 Las %a!)&as '" ca!&" 3 '" %$"soss" co&oc"& +o! s$ a* o co& "&)'o '" ()&"!a*"s5

2.4.1. FORMULACIÓN DE DIETAS

U&a 4"2 co&oc)'os *os !"#$"!)()"& os &$ !)c)o&a*"s '" *os a&)(a*"s 3 *os a+o! "s'" *os !"c$!sos "* +!o,*"(a #$" s)/$" "s fo!($*a! "* a*)("& o "& ,as" a (. o'os'" ($c%a !a+)'"20 +!"c)s)-& 3 co& *a (@ )(a "co&o( a +os),*"5 Co&oc)"&'o *af-!($*a s" !a a '" !"+!o'$c)! a "& *a +*a& a ("')a& " +!oc"sos "c&o*-/)cosa4a&2a'os #$" as"/$!a& a a*)("& os '" *a (@ )(a $&)fo!()'a' '" fo!(a f s)caa+!o+)a'a 3 '" *a ("?o! ca*)'a'52.4.2. CUADRADO DE PEARSON

Es $&o '" *os (. o'os (@s s)(+*"s +a!a "* c@*c$*o '" *as !ac)o&"s ,a*a&c"a'as"s " (. o'o +"!() " %ac"! "* ,a*a&c" E&"!/ a0 P!o " &a0 Ca*c)o0 F-sfo!o0 " c5A co& )&$ac)-& s" +!"s"& a $& "?"(+*o '" fo!($*ac)-& '" ')" as $sa&'o "*

C$a'!a'o '" P"a!so& "& +o!c)&os5

PREPARACIÓN DE RACIONES PARA PORCINOS

Las !ac)o&"s +a!a ')f"!"& "s /!$+os '" c"!'os s" ca*c$*a& co& ,as" "&• La co(+os)c)-& '" *os a*)("& os ')s+o&),*"s5 ;A&" o >• Los !"#$"!)()"& os nutriti!os de los animal "#ne$o %& • Co&s$(o '" a*)("& o "& +o!c)&os ;A&" o

E* c@*c$*o '" *as !ac)o&"s s" ($"s !a co& $& "?"(+*o '" $&a !ac)-& +a!a *a"&/o!'a )&)c)a* '" *"c%o&"s5 Es os a&)(a*"s &"c"s) a& ')a!)a("& " "& !"


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Pa!a "*a,o!a! $&a !ac)-& co& "s a co(+os)c)-& "& *a (a "!)a s"ca0 "* +o!c)c$* o! )"&" ')s+o&),*"s *os s)/$)"& "s a*)("& os

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Z)&cMac!o ()&"!a*"s Fosfo!o

C*o!oPo as)oS"*"&)o

1=5 I&4"s )/$" *as f$&c)o&"s '" *os ()c!o 3 (ac!o ()&"!a*"s0 !"a*)c" $& +a+"*-/!afo +a!a ')s"! a! "* "(a "& /!$+o5

UNIDAD DE TRA8AJO N; 3B+eproducción en porcinos

Objetivo de la Unidad de Trabajo: Manejar ycontrolar la reproducción en los cerdos

INTRODUCCION.

D"& !o '" *os ($c%os " )(+o! a& "s as+"c os #$" %ac"& a *a +!o'$cc)-& 3!"& a,)*)'a' +o!c)&as0 *a !"+!o'$cc)-& co&s ) $3" $&o '" *os (@s )(+o! a& "s a s"! co&s)'"!a'os

Los &')c"s !"+!o'$c )4os co&oc)'os ac $a*("& " '"+"&'"& "& ,$"&a ("')'a '"*co(+o! a()"& o /"&. )co '" *a +)a! a 3 '"* (a&"?o a'o+ a'o0 +"!o o(a&'o "&co&s)'"!ac)-& *as 4a!)ac)o&"s

E& "s os ' as0 3 '"s'" %ac" a*/ & )"(+o0 s" '",a " so,!" *a co&4"&)"&c)a o &o '" *a"*"cc)-& '" s)s "(as )& "&s)4os a* a)!" *),!" 4"!s$s )& "&s)4os ,a?o "c%o 3 s$s4a!)a& "s5 Es a s) $ac)-& "&c)"!!a o'a $&a +!o,*"(@ )ca #$" )&4o*$c!a &o s-*o a *aca!!"!a "c&o*-/)ca "& ,$sca '" co&')c)o&"s #$" **"4a& a *a (@ )(a +!o'$c )4)'a'

3 !"& a,)*)'a'0 s)&o a(,).& a o !os co(+o&"& "s0 "& !" *os c$a*"s s" +$"'"& c) a! a*os "co*-/)cos co& a()&ac)-& a(,)"& a* 3 ,)"&"s a! '" *os a&)(a*"s5 E& a*/$&os +a s"s0 "* )& "!.s +o! ca!&"s +!o4"&)"& "s '" s)s "(as &a $!a*"s0 s" %a 4)s o !"f*"?a'o"& ("?o!"s +!"c)os +a/a'os +o! "* + ,*)co5

3.1. ORGANOS DEL APARATO REPRODUCTOR DEL MACHO

Los -!/a&os '" !"+!o'$cc)-& '" *os +o!c)&os so& *os s)/$)"& "s

3.1.1. ESCROTOBEs $& saco c$ @&"o "& "* #$" "s @& s) $a'os *os "s c$*os 3 *as +a! "s a'3ac"& "s '"* co!'-& "s+"!(@ )co0 "s $& saco ,)*o,$*a'o #$" 4a! a "&



20/78


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3.1.6.3. Glándulas bulbo uretrales So& /"&"!a*("& " "& "!o so& ($3 /!a&'"s ;16 7 c(>5 A+o! a& "* co(+o&"& " /"*a )&oso '"* s"("& '"* c"!'o5 Co& !),$3"& a

fo!(a! *a +o!c)-& +!" "s+"!(@ )ca '"* "3ac$*a'o5Los +!o'$c os '" o'as *as /*@&'$*as )& "!4)"&"& fa4o!a,*"("& " so,!" *a 4) a*)'a'0'$!ac)-& 3 (o4)()"& o '" *os "s+"!(a o2o)'"s5

3.1.9. URETRABS)!4" a* ()s(o )"(+o '" 4 a "s+"!(@ )ca 3 $!)&a!)a0'"&o()&@&'os"canal urogenital.

3.1.:. PENEBE* +"&" $ -!/a&o co+$*a o!)o "s '" fo!(a c)* &'!)ca 3 s" " )"&'"'"s'" "* )s#$)o& %as a c"!ca '"* o(,*)/o5P!"s"& a +o!c)o&"s !a 20 c$"!+o 3 " !"()'a' *),!"5 Pos""& "* +"&" f),!oso '"')@(" !o !"*a )4a("& " +"#$" o 3 ! /)'o c$a&'o &o "s @ "!"c o5 E* +"&" s" 4$"*4"(@s ! /)'o c$a&'o %a3 $&a "!"cc)-& !@+)'a0 s" a/!a&'a +oco0 3 *a ca& )'a' '" "?)'oco& !@c )* "s *)() a'a

3.1.=. PREPUCIOBE& "* c"!'o 'o!sa*("& " a* o!)f)c)o +!"+$c)a* " )s " $&divertículo prepucial 5 E& "s " s" ac$($*a o!)&a0 #$" ("2c*a'a co& c.*$*as"+) "*)a*"s s$"* as 3 co!&)f)ca'as fo!(a $&a s$s a&c)a '" o*o! '"sa/!a'a,*"5

E& ca'a "3ac$*ac)-& $&4"!!aco +!o'$c" "& !" 1== 3

7== (*5 '" s"("&0 #$"co& )"&"&

a+!o )(a'a("& "1==5=== ()**o&"s '""s+"!(a o2o)'"s5

D$!a& " *a "3ac$*ac)-& s" +!o'$c"& f!acc)o&"s $& +!"8"3ac$*a'o '" * #$)'o

c*a!o co& $& 4o*$("& '" 1= a17 (*5 D"s+$.s $&a f!acc)-& !)ca "& "s+"!(a o2o)'"s o

f"c$&'a& "5F)&a*("& " $&a f!acc)-& '" /"*5

3.2. ORGANOS REPRODUCTI7OS DE LA CERDA

E* a+a!a o !"+!o'$c o! f"("&)&o co&s a '" *as s)/$)"& "s +a! "s



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3.2. 1. 7 & *5 Los *a,)os '" *a 4$*4a so&/!$"sos 3 "s @& c$,)"! os +o! $& "/$("& o!$/oso0 *a co()s$!a s$+"!)o! "s !"'o&'a()"& !as #$" *a )&f"!)o! "s +$& )a/$'a5

3.2.2. 7*"!$*5 M)'" '" 1= a 1K c( "& $&ac"!'a '" a(a o ("')a&o5

3.2.3. C #&&% ,#& # % % # !05 Es ($3&o a,*" +o! *o&/) $'0 ()'" $&os 1= c(0 *a +!o3"cc)-& s" ')!)/" %ac)a *a 4a/)&a "s!"'o&'"a'a5

3.2.4. C # % ,#& # %5 M)'" 7 c( '" *a!/o

3.2.?. C # $% ,#& # %.So& ($3 *a!/os0 "& *a %"(,!a &o +!" a'a s" +a!"c"& a*)& "s )&o '"*/a'o5

3.2. . O * !%5 La s$+"!f)c)" +!"s"& a +!o()&"&c)as !"'o&'"a'as5 La f$&c)-& '" *oso4a!)os "s +!o'$c)! %o!(o&as f"("&)&as 3 -4$*os5

GLANDULA MAMARIA.La f$&c)-& '" "s a "s +!o4""! *"c%" a *as c! as5 Lac"!'a )"&" 'os f)*as '" /*@&'$*as '"s"" *a !"/)-& o!@c)ca %as a *a !"/)-& )&/$)&a*5La co(+os)c)-& '" *a *"c%" '" c"!'a "s

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3.4.1. DETECCION DEL CELO.

T)"&" /!a& )(+o! a&c)a '"& !o '" *a " +*o ac)-& +o!c)&a0 3a #$" s)!4" +a!a'" "!()&a! "* (o("& o -+ )(o +a!a "* s"!4)c)o0 +a!a o, "&"! $&a asa '"f"! )*)2ac)-& a* a0 *a (o& a o *a )&s"()&ac)-& a! )f)c)a* ;IA>0 "& "* (o("& oa'"c$a'o5

Las ca!ac "! s )cas '"* c"*o so&

15 S" ($"s !a )$)" aK5 O*fa "a *a 4$*4a '" s$s co(+a "!as

5 T!o(+"a5 E() " a 4"c"s $& /!$ )'o

75 Mo& a 3 s" '"?a (o& a! +o! o !as c"!'as


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3.:.1.2. GLANDULAS MAMARIAS5 Es '" /!a& a(a o 3 "'"(a )2a'as5 Dos' as a& "s '"* +a! o0 s"c!" a& a* s"! +!"s)o&a'as0 $&a s$s a&c)a +a!"c)'a a *a *"c%"0s" co&oc" co(o ca*os !o5

3.:.1.3. 7UL7A5 D" /!a& a(a o a ca$sa '"* "'"(a0 *os *a,)os *$c"& "&!o?"c)'os5

3.:.1.3. RESPIRACION5 La f!"c$"&c)a !"s+)!a o!)a a$("& a "& !" *as 1K a *as K%o!as a& "s '"* +a! o5

3.:.1.4. TEMPERATURA5 A$("& a a* ()s(o )"(+o #$" *a f!"c$"&c)a!"s+)!a o!)a5

3.:.1.?. COMPORTAMIENTO5 E& caso '" #$" +$"'" o +os"" !a a '" ?$& a! (a "!)a*"s +a!a !"a*)2a! *a ca(a 0 a'"(@s /!$ " 3 '"f)"&'" co(o s) "s $4)"!a *aca(a'a5 E& *as (o'"!&as &o +$"'" !"a*)2a! "s a ac )4)'a' *o &)co #$" s" *ao,s"!4a "s )$)" a5A& "s '" !as*a'o a* *$/a! '" +a!)c)-& *a c"!'a s"!@ ,a a'a co& a/$a 3 ?a,-&0 +o&)"&'o .&fas)s "& "* !"& +os "!)o! 3 s)s "(a (a(a!)o0 s" *)(+)a!@ " a*,"!/$" +a!a !"'$c)! *as +os),)*)'a'"s '" )&f"cc)-&0 s" f!o a!@ *as +a!"'"s 3 *os +)sos co& $&'"s)&f"c a& " s$a4"0 so,!" "* +)so s" " )"&'" $&a ca+a '" as"!! & o 4)!$ a +a!a #$""s . *a ca(a *)(+)a 3 c$,!)"&'o "* +)so f! o0 '"s+$.s '" "**o +$"'" !as*a'a!s" a *a(a!!a&a a s$ &$"4a %a,) ac)-&0 &o s)& a& "s o,s"!4a! #$" "s . +!"s"& " "* co("'"!o)&')4)'$a* '" *a %"(,!a0 "* ,","'"!o 3 *a f$"& " '" ca*o!5

3.=. FASES DEL PARTO.S" '" "!()&a fas"s

3.=.1. FASE DE DILATACION5 S" ca!ac "!)2a +o! *a +!"s"&c)a '" co& !acc)o&"s! ()cas '"* "!o0 *o c$a* ocas)o&a #$" *os f*$)'os 3 *as ("(,!a&as f" a*"s %ac)a "*c.!4) 3 "s o %ac"& #$" s" )&)c)" *a !"*a?ac)-& 3 "&sa&c%a()"& o5 A* f)&a* '" "s afas" s" fo!(a $& ca&a* co& *a 4a/)&a5

3.=.2. FASE DE E6PULSION FETAL5 E* f" o c$,)"! o +o! s$s ("(,!a&as "s" +$*sa'o co& s$s ("(,!a&as %ac)a *a ca4)'a' +.*4)ca 3 s" )&)c)a& *asco& !acc)o&"s *o c$a* *os ')!)/" +o! "s " ca&a* %as a #$" sa*/a& *as +a as o *a ca,"2a +o! *a 4$*4a0 s$ '$!ac)-& "s co! a 3a #$" +$"'" (o!)! +o! asf) )a53.=.3. LA E6PULSION DE LA PLACENTA. Es *a * )(a fas" 3 +$"'"!"a*)2a!s" '"s+$.s '" ca'a *"c%-& o f$s)o&a'as c$a&'o +"! "&"c"& a $& ()s(oc$"!&o0 3 f)&a*("& " o'as ?$& as "& $& +"!)o'o a+!o )(a'a "& $&a %o!a '"s+$.s'"* * )(o c"!') o5

U&a 4"2 #$" s" +!"s"& "& "s os )&')c)os '","(os +!"+a!a!&os 3 +!o4""!&os '"*s)/$)"& " (a "!)a*

F!a&"*as o oa**as T)?"!as

P)&2as %"(os @ )cas Ba*'" co& a/$a ),)a ;+a!a *a



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So*$c)-& '"s)&f"c a& " ;3o'o o *)(+)"2a '" *as f!a&"*as 3 a*/ & c)ca !)2a& ">oa**as>

J"!)&/$)**as B@sc$*aR"/)s !os

3.1>. PARTOS DISTOSICOS

E& /"&"!a*0 a& " co(+*)cac)o&"s "& "* +a! o0 &o &os #$"'a o !a0 (@s #$" !"a*)2a! $&a " !acc)-& (a&$a* '" *os *"c%o&"s o !"c$!!)! a *a c"s@!"a5 B@s)ca("& " *aso+"!ac)o&"s '" )+o ("c@&)co a !"a*)2a! so& s)"(+!" *as ()s(as 3 '"+"&'"!@& '"#$" *os *"c%o&"s 4"&/a& co& $&a +!"s"& ac)-& a& "!)o! ;'" ca,"2a> o +os "!)o! ;'"&a*/as>5

3.1>.1 P #'#$ * !/$ #' *$ # !%3 "&"(os #$" !"a*)2a! *a " +$*s)-& (a&$a* '"*

*"c%-&0 +o'"(os %ac"!*o )!a&'o %ac)a &oso !os '"* *"c%-&0 +!"4)a("& " s$?" o +o! "* %oc)co o s$?" o +o! *a ca,"2a5

3.1>.2. &* #'#$ * !/$ #' %' # !%0 )!a!"(os '"* *"c%-& %ac)a af$"!a0 '"s+$.s '"%a,"!*" s$?" o +o! *as " !"()'a'"s +os "!)o!"s a *a a* $!a '" *os co!4"?o&"s5 $.



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+asa s) *a ca&a* '"* +a! o "s ($3 "s !"c%a[ P$"s #$" +a!a s$?" a! a**"c%-& 3 +o'"! !acc)o&a! '","(os '" *)/a!*" '" a*/$&a (a&"!a co& $&

*a2o5

3.11.CRUZAMIENTO

3.11.1. CRUCEGEN TICO Es "* a+a!"a()"& o

"& !" a&)(a*"s c!)o**os co& $&o '" !a2a5 Co(o "?"(+*o c) a!"(os "* c!$c" '" $&ac!)o**a co& $& Yo! s%)!"0P!)("!a /"&"!ac)-& ;7=: C!)o**a 3 7=: Yo! s%)!">

A ("')'a #$" *a sa&/!" +$!a Yo! s%)!" s" 4a a+!o )(a&'o a* 1== : *os a&)(a*"s s"

4a& +a!"c)"&'o (@s a *a !a2a Yo! s%)!"

3.11.2. CRUCE INDUSTRIAL

Es "* c!$c" '" 'os !a2as ')f"!"& "s0 "& "* #$" s" s$+"!+o&"& *as ca!ac "! s )casfa4o!a,*"s 'o()&a& "s '" a(,as +a! "s5

C!$c" '" $&a %"(,!a Yo! s%)!" 3 $& s"("& a* Ha(+s%)!"0 *os % ,!)'os '" "s a/"&"!ac)-& s" $sa& +$!a *a "&/o!'a5



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La %"(,!a !"s$* a& "'" "s " c!$2a()"& o

s" +$"'" $sa! +a!a"&/o!'" o +a!ac!$2a!*a co& $&s"("& a* '" $&a"!c"!a !a2a co(o

+$"'" s"! D$!oc +!o'$c).&'os" % ,!)'os '"

s"/$&'a /"&"!ac)-& #$" *$"/o s" "&/o!'a&5

3.11.3. CONSANGUINIDAD

Es "* a+a!"a()"& o '" 'os a&)(a*"s "(+a!"& a'os "& !" s)E& !" +a'!" " %)?a

E& !" %"!(a&os

Ma'!" " %)?o

3.12. AUTOE7ALUACION DE LA UNIDAD DE TRA8AJO

E& s$ c$a'"!&o '" !a,a?o '"sa!!o**" "* s)/$)"& " c$"s )o&a!)o 3 +!"s.& "*o

15 R"a*)c" $& c$a'!o s)&-+ )co '" *os -!/a&os !"+!o'$c )4os '"* (ac%o 3 *a%"(,!a +o!c)&a5

K5 A #$" s" *o '"&o()&a c)c*o "s !a*5 Co(+*" " E* c"*o "& *as +!)("!)2as '$!a QQQ550 "& *as a'$* as '$!a

QQQ50 *a /"s ac)-& '" *a c"!'a "s '"QQQQ' as o a(,).& s" *o ')c"QQ0 Q50 Q55

5 I&')#$" ,!"4"("& " *a f$&c)-& '" *a /*@&'$*a (a(a!)a 3 !"a*)c" $& c$a'!o'" *a co(+os)c)-& '" *a *"c%" (a "!&a5

75 Esc!),a "* ')a/&os )co '" $&a c"!'a /"s a& " 3 '"sc!),a $&a '" "**as5


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115 A #$. "'a' s" +!o'$c" "* '"sc"&')()"& o "s )c$*a!51K5 I&4"s )/$" so,!" *as Ma*fo!(ac)o&"s "& *os -!/a&os !"+!o'$c )4os '"*

(ac%o 3 *a %"(,!a +a!a !"a*)2a! $& co&4"!sa o!)o "& "* /!$+o5

UNIDAD DE TRA8AJO N; 4BManejo técnico de los cerdos

Objetivo de la Unidad de Trabajo: Realizar el manejotécnico de los cerdos .

MANEJO TECNICO DE LOS CERDOS5

E* . ) o '" $&a /!a&?a +o!c)&a '"(a&'a *a "?"c$c)-& '" ac )4)'a'"s .c&)cas "&fo!(a o!'"&a'a0 s)/$)"&'o $& s)&& ("!o '" +!o oco*os #$" '","& s"! o!)"& a'os a(a )()2a! *os !"c$!sos '" )&f!a"s !$c $!a0 .c&)cos 3 %$(a&os5 Ya s"a +a!a $&a/!a&?a /!a&'" o +"#$" a &"c"s) a(os "s#$"(as +!o oco*)2a'os #$" !"s+a*'"& 3as"/$!"& "* !a,a?o5

Ca'a "(+!"sa +o!c)&a '"," '"sa!!o**a! s$s +!o+)os +!o oco*os '" !a,a?o '" ac$"!'oa s$s ca!ac "! s )cas ; a(a o0 c*)(a0 )&s a*ac)o&"s0 /"&. )ca0 sa&)'a'> " )s "&"s#$"(as ,@s)cos #$" '","& s"! o(a'os "& c$"& a5 Es os "s#$"(as '","& "s a! +o! "sc!) o 3 a* a*ca&c" 3 ')s+os)c)-& '" o'os0 "s os "s#$"(as '","& s"/$)! $&o!/a&)/!a(a +a!a #$" ca'a )& "/!a& " '"* /!$+o '" !a,a?o "&/a +o! "sc!) o s$sf$&c)o&"s0 a!"as 3 !"s+o&sa,)*)'a'"s0 +o! "f"c o '" o+ )()2a! "* !a,a?o5

Las f$&c)o&"s0 a!"as 3 !"s+o&sa,)*)'a'"s '" ca'a !a,a?a'o! )"&"& +o! o,?" o(a )()2a! *os !"c$!sos '" )&f!a"s !$c $!a0 .c&)cos 3 %$(a&os co& *os #$" c$"& a *a/!a&?a5 E* . ) o o f!acaso '" $&a /!a&?a "s +o! *a s$(a o!)a '"* "sf$"!2o '" ca'a$&o '" *os )& "/!a& "s '"* /!$+o '" !a,a?o5



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4.1. SELECCIÓN DE REPRODUCTORERS

4.1.1. M* @%' # %, % #'B*as ca!ac "! s )cas '"* 4"!!aco so& '" " !"(a)(+o! a&c)a0 3a #$" +$"'"& !a&s() )!s" a *a (a3o! a '" s$s '"sc"&')"& "s 3 *a(a3o! +a! " '"* ("?o!a()"& o '" *a +)a!a0 "s '",)'o a $& ,$"& !"+!o'$c o!

#limentaci n 5 No %a3 $&a &o!(a "s a,*"c)'a0 *a (" a '"," '" s"! "* (a& "&)()"& o'" $&a co&')c)-& f s)ca ("')a&a5 G"&"!a*("& " s" *" '"," a')c)o&a! '" K a K06 /')a!)os5 D$!a& " *a "(+o!a'a '" !"+!o'$cc)-&0 s" a$("& a!@ a =07 a 1 /5

*er!icios 5 E* 4"!!aco '"," '" "&"! $& ( &)(o '" 9 ("s"s '" "'a' a& "s '" *a(o& a0 "s ($3 )(+o! a& " "& !"&a!*o #$" &o so*o "* )&s )& o5 E* $so '" ,!" "s '"(o& a c$a&'o %a3 /!a& ')f"!"&c)a '" a(a o 3 "& caso '" #$" a*/$&as so& ($3&"!4)osas5 S) $& 4"!!aco %a s)'o $ )*)2a'o 4a!)os ' as s"/$)'os0 '"," '" +!o+o!c)o&a!*" $& '"sca&so '" K %o!as5

+onsideraciones de salud 5 R"a*)2a! $& !a a()"& o co& !a +)o?os 3 sa!&a0!a a()"& o !"/$*a!("& "5

E* (ac%o !"+!o'$c o! '"," "&"! 1K +"2o&"s !$')("& a!)os ')s !),$)'oss)(. !)ca("& "5

4.1.2. CERDAS DE CRIA5

*elecci n y mane o de las )rimerizas. E )s "& 4a!)as fo!(as '" s"*"cc)o&a! *asc"!'as +!)("!)2as '"s )&a'as a )&)c)a! $&a " +*o ac)-& +o!c)&a o !""(+*a2a! c"!'asa'$* as5 La c"!') as '","& s"! s"*"cc)o&a'as +oco '"s+$.s '"* '"s " " 3 (a&"?a!*a"& fo!(a s"+a!a'a0 'a&'o ,$"&o !ac)-&5 Las c"!') as '","& '" s"! %)?as '" (a'!"s#$" '"& ,$"& & ("!o '" *"c%o&"s ;( &)(o > 3 ,$"&a +!o'$cc)-& '" *"c%" La%"(,!a '"," "&"! $&a $,!" s)(. !)ca co& $& ( &)(o '" 1K +"2o&"s5 C$a&'o *os +"2o&"s '" *as %"(,!as "s @& ')!)/)'os %ac)a a'"& !o &o +$"'" s"c!" a! *"c%"5 Es aca!ac "! s )ca +$"'" s"! %"!"'a,*"5 Es !"co("&'a,*" "*)()&a! a *as %"(,!as #$"

"&/a& "s " '"f"c o 3 a *as #$" "&/a& /*@&'$*as5 A *os o 7 ("s"s s" !"a*)2a!@ *as"*"cc)-& f)&a*0 co& +"so ("')a '" 67 a 97 /5 S" o, )"&" ,$"&os !"s$* a'osa*)("& @&'o*as co& K09 / ')a!)os co& $&a +!o " &a '"* 17: '" +!o " &a5 Esco&4"&)"& " s"*"cc)o&a! $& K7: (@s '" %"(,!as '" *a c)f!a &"c"sa!)a5

Edad )ara monta 5 E* +!)("! c"*o s" +!"s"& a "& !" *os 7 3 7 ("s"s 3 ("')o0 "s o'"+"&'"!@ ($c%o '" *a a*)("& ac)-&5 La co&sa&/$)&)'a' a(,).& *o !" !asa5 E*(. o'o (@s co( & +a!a "s )($*a! *a +$,"! a' "s +o&"!*as "& co& ac o co& $&4"!!aco0 s" *o '"," !"a*)2a! "& (@s o ("&os 1


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#)areamiento. Es "* (o("& o "& #$" *a %"(,!a ac"+ a a* (ac%o5 S" fo!(a!@ *o "s'" %"(,!as '" $&a ()s(a "'a'0 +!oc$!a&'o a(,).& a/!$+a!*as +o! +"so5 E& caso'" *as c"!'as +!)("!)2as s" '","!@ %ac"!s" "* +!)("! s"!4)c)o "& "* +!)("! ' a '"*c"*o 3 "& *as c"!'as a'$* as "* s"/$&'o ' a5 E* s"/$&'o s"!4)c)o K %o!as '"s+$.s'"* +!)("!o5

4.1.3. CERDAS EN GESTACIÓN5

D"s+$.s '" #$" *a %"(,!a "s @ +!" a'a0 3a &o " )s " c"*o s$f!"& ca(,)os &o a,*"ss" 4$"*4" !a$)*a 3 '-c)*0 "&/o!'a f@c)*("& " 3 s" 4a &o a&'o c*a!a("& " "*a$("& o '"* a,'o("& 3 '" *as /*@&'$*as (a(a!)as5

Mane o 5 #gua 5 D"," '" ')s+o&"! "& o'o (o("& o '" a/$a *)(+)a 3 f!"sca +a!a

co&s$(o a 4o*$& a'5 U& co&s$(o +!o("')o ')a!)o "s '" 17 a K= *) !os5 Las c"!'as/"s a& "s +!)("!)2as &o s" !"co()"&'a& a*)("& a! co& *as a'$* as5

#limentaci n. Es &"c"sa!)o s"! ca$ "*osos &o so,!"a*)("& a! +o!#$" +!o4oca! a $&" c"s)4o a$("& o '" +"so5 U&a c"!'a '"," '" co&s$()! K / co& 1 : '" +!o " &a5

Des)arasitaci n. Ta& o )& "!&a co(o " "!&a '" *as c"!'as /"s a& "s s" %ac" 17 ' asa& "s '"* +a! o5

Día del )arto 5 Los *"c%o&"s &ac"& "& +!o("')o "& !" = 3 7 %o!as5 Los *"c%o&"s0&ac"& "& +!o("')o0 ca'a 17 ()&$ os0 "s )(+o! a& " #$" *a "(+"!a $!a '"," "s a! "& !" *os 1 a KKºC 3 "& "* @!"a '" *os *"c%o&"s K º C a KºC5 Ta(,).& *a $,!" '" *ac"!'a '"," '" "s a! *)(+)a0 +a!a "4) a! )&f"cc)o&"s5

4.1.4. LECHON.

Nacimiento del lec- n. La +!)&c)+a* +!"oc$+ac)-& '"* +"!so&a* #$" 4a a "&'"! "* +a! o "s as"/$!a!s" #$" "* *"c%-&respire! "& caso '" #$" &o %ac"!*o s" o(a!@ a**"c%o +o! *os )?a!"s 3 s" +!oc"'" a *)(+)a! *as ($cos)'a'"s '" *a &a!)2 3 *a ,ocac$a&'o "* *"c%-& "s " !"s+)!a&'o s" +!oc"'" a s"ca!*o 3 s" co*oca!@& c"!ca '" *af$"& " '" ca*o! 3 #$" a* +oco )"(+o "* ,$s#$" *a $,!" '" *a (a'!"0 "& caso '" #$"&o *o %)c)"!a "s &"c"sa!)o o!)"& a!*"5

+orte del cord n umbilical 5 L)/a(os 3 co! a(os "* co!'-& $(,)*)ca* co& )?"!as'"s)&f"c a'as a $&os K o c( '"* a,'o("&0 *$"/o '" !"a*)2a'o "* co! " s" *o'"s)&f"c a co& 3o'o $ o !o '"s)&f"c a& "5

+orte de colmillos 5 E* *"c%-& &ac" co& 9 co*()**os a/$'os0 &o )"&"& &)&/$&af$&c)-&0 +o! "* co& !a!)o0 +!o'$c"& *"s)o&"s "& *os +"2o&"s '" *a (a'!"5 S" *os'","& '" co! a!s" a &)4"* '" *a "&c a0 co& )?"!as '"s)&f"c a'as5



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+orte de cola 5 A$$" &o "s &"c"sa!)o0 a*/$&os acos $(,!a& %ac"!*o 3 "& a* casos" '"," )'"& )f)ca! $&a a! )c$*ac)-& )& "!4"! ",!a* +!oc$!a&'o '"?a! $& ($ -& '"$&os K c( '" *a!/o5

Numeraci n )or marcaci n de las ore as. E )s "& ')4"!sos s)s "(as '" (a!ca! oa $a! a *os c"!') os0 co(o *as +*acas &$("!a'as0 co! "s +o! ("')o '" +"#$" as

($"scas5 Ca'a ($"sca )"&" $& 4a*o! "s+"c)a*0 s"/ & "* *$/a! 'o&'" s" %a/a 3 *aco(,)&ac)-& '" 4a!)as ($"scas +"!() " $& & ("!o '"s"a'o5 U&o '" *os s)s "(as$sa'os "s "* 18 875

Pa!a "* caso '" *os & ("!os K0 K= 3 K==0 #$" &o +$"'"& o, "&"!s" +o! *a s$(a '"*as ($"scas #$" +!"s"& a "* '),$?o0 s" %ac" )&("')a a("& " '"s+$.s '" *aco!!"s+o&')"& " a* 1 c$a&'o s" '"s"a o, "&"! "* & ("!o K0 +a!a "* &$("!o K= s"

%ac" o !a ($"sca "&s"/$)'a '" *a co!!"s+o&')"& " a* 1= 3 +a!a "* &$("!o K== s"%ac" *a ($"sca "&s"/$)'a '" *a co!!"s+o&')"& " a* 1==5

Identi icaci n de los cerdos 5 Los *"c%o&"s '" ca'a ca(a'a '","& &$("!a!s" +oco'"s+$.s '" "!()&a'o "* +a! o0 as *a )'"& )f)cac)-& s"!4)!@ '" +a! )'a +a!a *a +!@c )ca '" (a&"?o '" !"/)s !o5 U& "?"(+*o +$"'" s"! "* s)/$)"& " "(+"2a&'o'"s'" c"!o ;&o **"4a& &)&/$&a ($"sca>0 (a!ca! a *as %"(,!as co& & ("!os +a!"s 3a *os (ac%os co& )(+a!"s5

/egistro 5 D"s+$.s '" (a!ca! 3 +"sa! a *os *"c%o&"s s" a&o a& *os 'a os "& "*!"/)s !o5

# uste de camadas 5 S" '"," '" a?$s a!s" c$a&'o "* & ("!o '" +"2o&"s f$&c)o&a*"sc$a&'o $&a %"(,!a "&/a $& & ("!o (a3o! '" *"c%o&"s a* '" *os +"2o&"s o s) "s(a*a +!o'$c o!a '" *"c%"0 "s +!"f"!),*" ')s !),$)!*os0 "& o !a 'o&'" %a3a ("&os*"c%o&"s0 '" +!"f"!"&c)a "& *os K +!)("!os ' as0 )(+!"/&a'os co& c!"o*)&a ;c!"so>5T"!()&a'os "* (a&"?o s" *os '"," '"?a! "& co(+*" o !"+oso0 +a!a *a c$a* "s&"c"sa!)a $&a "(+"!a $!a co&fo! a,*" 3 $&a ca(a a'"c$a'a $ )*)2a&'o casca!)**a '"a!!o20 4)!$ a0 " c5

#)licaci n de -ierro 5 Los *"c%o&"s a* &o "&"! acc"so a )"!!a so& s$sc"+ ),*"s as$f!)! a&"()a +o! ca!"&c)a '" %)"!!o5 Los c$a*"s s" 4$"*4"& '.,)*"s0 co& c!"c)()"& o*"& o0 +.!')'a '"* a+" ) o0 +"*o 3 +)"* @s+"!os5 Es o s" so*$c)o&a co& *aa'()&)s !ac)-& '" K (* ;cc>0 co& $&a ?"!)&/a co& ca*),!" K= - KK +o! 4 a)& !a($sc$*a! +!of$&'a5

*uministro de alimento y agua. S" !"co()"&'a 'a! a*)("& o co&c"& !a'o a *os*"c%o&"s "& !" 6 3 17 ' as '" &ac)'o0 +a!a #$" s" acos $(,!" a* sa,o!0 '","& '"

"&"! K : '" +!o " &a 3


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E& *as +)a! as #$" s" '"')ca& a *a 4"& a '" c"!'os +$!os +a!a !"+!o'$cc)-& s" +$"'"'"(o!a! %as a *os = ("s"s +a!a fac)*) a! *a s"*"cc)-& '" !"+!o'$c o!"s5

La cas !ac)-& s" )&)c)a0 K %o!as a& "s '" *a o+"!ac)-& s" '"?a a* *"c%-& s)& co("!0 3"& "* (o("& o '" *a o+"!ac)-& "* +"!so&a* '"," "s a! ,)"& *a4a'o *as (a&os 3"&?$a/a'o co& '"s)&f"c a& "0 s" '"," *)(+)a! ,)"& "* "sc!o o0 "* "#$)+o a $ )*)2a! '"," '"s)&f"c a!s" co& $&a so*$c)-& '" c!"so a* K: o a*/ & o !o )+o '"'"s)&f"c a& "

15 Fo!(a '" sos "&"! a* a&)(a* '$!a& " *ao+"!ac)-& K5 Fo!(a '"sos "&"! "* "sc!o oa& "s '" %ac"! *a)&c)s)-& 5 Fo!(a '"%ac"! *a )&c)s)-&

5 E !acc)-& '"*"s c$*o 75 S" !as+a "*

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"> $" +!"s"& "& +!o,*"(as '" +"2$ as 3 +a as5f> $" '"& c! as co& a&o!(a*)'a'"sco(o a !"s)a a&a*0 %"!&)as 3c!)+ o!#$)'os5

/> $" s"a& (a*as (a'!"s 3 c"!'as')f c)*"s '" (a&"?a!5

4.1. . CERDO DE LE7ANTE Y CE8A5 E* c"!'o "s $&a a&)(a* #$" "& 7 ("s"s 3("')o +$"'" a*ca&2a! = / '" +"so0 "#$)4a*"& " 67 4"c"s s$ +"so a* &ac"!0

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UE DE8O TENER EN CUENTA PARA SELECCIONAR CERDOSREPRODUCTORES

E& *a s"*"cc)-& '" !"+!o'$c o!"s s"!"#$)"!" o(a! "& c$"& a a& o *asca!ac "! s )cas f"&o +)cas co(o *as!"*ac)o&a'as co& *a +!o'$c )4)'a' +!o+)a'" ca'a )&')4)'$o5E& !" *as ca!ac "! s )cas #$" s" '","&co&s)'"!a! +a!a *a s"*"cc)-& '" *os!"+!o'$c o!"s "s @& *as s)/$)"& "s

ca!ac "! s )cas

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4.2. E UIPO CON EL UE SE DE8E CONTAR EN LA E6PLOTACION

• Co("'"!os0 #$" '"," "&"! $& &)c%o +!o("')o '" 7 c(5 3 $&a *o&/) $'s"/ & "* +"so '"* a&)(a*5

• B","'"!os• Ca*"& a'o!"s•

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T"!(-(" !oM"')c)&as (@s $ )*)2a'as

Es " osco+)oSo/a +a!a )&(o4)*)2a! a* a&)(a*E#$)+o +a!a +o&"! &a!)/$"!as

E#$)+o +a!a '"sco*a! a *os c"!'os'" "&/o!'aE#$)+o '" +!)("!os a$ )*)os +a!a"* +"!so&a*

4.2.1. ALOJAMIENTO PARA PORCINOS

D" ac$"!'o co& "* s)s "(a '" " +*o ac)-& +o!c)&a "(+*"a'o0 s" +$"'"& a/!$+a! *osao?a()"& os +a!a c"!'os co(o s)/$"

4.2.1.1. ALOJAMIENTO PARA ANIMALES REPRODUCTORES

Los a*o?a()"& os +a!a c"!'as 4ac as 3 c"!'as "& /"s ac)-& )&c*$3"& *as s)/$)"& "sa* "!&a )4as

• Co!!a*"s )&')4)'$a*"s• Co!!a*"s +a!a /!$+os '" c"!'as

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4.2.1.2. ALOJAMIENTO PARA ANIMALES DE CR A

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"(+"!a $!a '" a+!o )(a'a("& " 7 \C5 Las ("')'as so& *as ()s(as #$" "& +o !o '" (o& a5

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4.2.1.3. ALOJAMIENTO PARA ANIMALES DE ENGORDAEs os so& (@s s)(+*"s #$" +a!a *os a&)(a*"s '" c! a La ca+ac)'a' 3 *as ("')'as '""s os co!!a*"s so& *as s)/$)"& "s

TIPO DECORRAL

ANIMALES

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15 R"a*)c" /!af)co '" 7 (a "!)a*"s 4" "!)&a!)os #$" '"," "&"! $&a " +*o ac)-& +o!c)&a5

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UNIDAD DE TRA8AJO N; ?B

Nor2as 5 2edidas de 0iose/uridadObjetivo de la Unidad de Trabajo: Aplicar las normas

y medidas de bioseguridad.

INTRODUCCION

E* "s a'o sa&) a!)o '" *os c"!'os "s $&o '" *os +)*a!"s ,@s)cos '" *a " +*o ac)-& +o!c)&a5 Las !"f"!"&c)as ')!"c as so& *a ,$"&a +!of)*a )s 3 $&a co!!"c aa*)("& ac)-&0 s$?" a a co&')c)o&"s '" %)/)"&" 3 ca*)'a'5 To'o "* "sf$"!2o +$"s o "&$& ,$"& (a&"?o0 "& )&s a*ac)o&"s a'"c$a'as 3 f$&c)o&a*"s0 "& "* co!!"c os$()&)s !o '" a*)("& o 3 "& *a s"*"cc)-& c!) "!)os '" !"+!o'$c o!"s )"&"co&')c)o&a'o s$ . ) o +o! *a sa&)'a' '"* c!)a'"!o5

La 4)"?a c!""&c)a '" #$" "* c"!'o '" +o! s "s $& a&)(a* '"sas"a'o &o "s as 5 U&as)(+*" o,s"!4ac)-& "& " +*o ac)o&"s co!!"c a("& " a'()&)s !a'as0 ($"s !a #$"co(o *os c"!'os ,$sca& s)"(+!" *os *$/a!"s s"cos 3 *)(+)os +a!a "c%a!s"0'"+os) a&'o s$s " c!"("& os 3 o!)&a "& $& @!"a ,)"& '"f)&)'a '" *a c"*'a5

I(+*"("& a! $&a ,$"&a %)/)"&" 3 +!"s"!4a! "* "s a'o sa&) a!)o !"#$)"!" '" (a&o '"

o,!a 3 $& ca+) a* #$" )&c)'" ($3 +oco "& "* cos o f)&a* '"* +!o'$c o5 P"!o "*'"sc$)'o '" *a sa*$' '" *os a&)(a*"s +$"'" !"s$* a! ($3 cos oso5 Po! *o a& o s"!@&"c"sa!)o a'o+ a! ("')'as !"s+o&sa,*"s '" %)/)"&" 3 +!"4"&)! o co& !o*a! *as"&f"!("'a'"s co($&"s0 '"!)4a&'o a +"!so&a* co(+" "& " "* ')a/&-s )co 3

!a a()"& o '" +!o,*"(as sa&) a!)os co(+*"?os5

?. ASPECTOS SANITARIOS DE UNA E6PLOTACION PORCINA

?.1. SIGNOS DE 8UENA SALUD

U& c"!'o co& ,$"&a sa*$' "s '"s+)"! o 3 +!"s"& a ,$"& as+"c o0 )"&" %oc)co% ("'o0 o!"?as ca*)"& "s0 3 co*a !)2a'a0 *as ("(,!a&as ($cosas '" *os o?os 3 '"



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*a 4$*4a )"&"& $& co*o! so&!osa'o 3 "& *as !a2as ,*a&cas *as " !"()'a'"s '"*c$"!+o +os""& "s " ()s(o o&o5 U& c"!'o "&f"!(o +!o& o +)"!'" "s a )(a/"& '"sa*$' *a +)"* s" 4$"*4" '" $& co*o! " !a o0 *os o?os s" %$&'"&0 *as o!"?as "s @&f! as0 3 *a co*a c$"*/a f*@c)'a0 *as ("(,!a&as ($cosa +$"'"& "s a! )&3"c a'as '"sa&/!" o a&.()cas 3 +$"'" %a,"! *a +!"s"&c)a '" ')a!!"a o "s !" )()"& o0 *os +!)&c)+a*"s )&')ca'o!"s '" +!o,*"(as co& *a sa*$' '" os c"!'os so& "* a*)("& o 3*as %"c"s0 "s '"c)! c$a*#$)"! ca(,)o ,!$sco "& "* a+" ) o o "& "* " c!"("& o s"!@s" a* '" #$" s" a4"c)&a $& +!o,*"(a5Pa!a !"'$c)! *a +os),)*)'a' '" "&f"!("'a'"s0 "* +!o'$c o! '"," a'o+ a! c)"! as +!@c )cas "& *o !"f"!"& " a* ("')o "& "* #$" s" '"s"&4$"*4"& *os a&)(a*"s0 "*%o(,!" )"&" #$" +!o "/"! a *os a&)(a*"s '" *os +a!@s) os 3 '" *as "&f"!("'a'"s 3 +!o+o!c)o&a!*as )&s a*ac)o&"s %)/).&)cas 3 a'"c$a'as5To'as *as )&s a*ac)o&"s '"s )&a'as a +o!c)&os '","& s"! '"soc$+a'as +o! $& +"! o'o ( &)(o '" K s"(a&as +o! a o0 +a!a +o'"! *)(+)a!*as a fo&'o'"s)&f"c a!*as0 3 s"ca!*as0 "s a a!"a '","!@ s"! !"+" )'a a& "s '" *a )&co!+o!ac)-&'" $&a &$"4a ca!&a'a '" *"c%o&"s5La +!o'$cc)-& +o!c)&a "f)c)"& " " )/" *a a+*)cac)-& '" ("')'as +a!a *a!"+!o'$cc)-&0 *a a*)("& ac)-& 3 "* (a&"?o '" *a +)a!a '"s )&a'a a *a co&s"!4ac)-&'" *a sa*$'0 *a +!"4"&c)-& '" "&f"!("'a'"s 3 "* co& !o* +a!as) a!)o5

?.2. SALUD DE LA PIARA

Pa!a (a& "&"! a *os c"!'os s" '"," co&s)'"!a! *as s)/$)"& "s !"/*as•

Da! a/$a *)(+)a a o'a %o!a a *os a&)(a*"s• Usa! a*)("& o &o co& a()&a'o• Los a&)(a*"s "&f"!(os o !"c).& a'#$)!)'os '","& s"! +$"s os "& c$a!"& "&a• Usa! $& '!"&a?" a+!o+)a'o• Usa! a* "!&a )4a("& " *as @!"as '" +as o!"o• Co(,a )! *os )&s"c os

?.3. HIGIENE DE LA E6PLOTACION• L)(+)a! ()&$c)osa("& " +o!#$"!)2as 3 co!!a*"s #$" oc$+"& *os c"!'os•

As"/$!a!s" #$" "s os "&/a& $& ,$"& '!"&a?"• S) )"&" +)sos '" c"("& o c"+ **"*os ,)"& 3 "&?$@/$"*os +"!f"c a("& "• Es os +)sos '","!@& "&"! $&a +"&')"& " '"* K a* 7 :• La4" 3 '"s)&f"c " co("'"!os0 ,","'"!os 3 '"(@s "#$)+o $ )*)2a'o• La4" 3 !"s !)"/$" a *os c"!'os a& "s '" co*oca'os "& *os co!!a*"s *)(+)os0

+a!a "s o $ )*)c" a/$a0 ?a,-& 3 $& c"+)**o• P!"s " "s+"c)a* a "&c)-& a* *$/a! "& 'o&'" 4a& a +a!)! *as c"!'as

Co(o co&c*$s)-& a "s o +o'"(os '"c)! #$" *a %)/)"&"0 *a 4ac$&ac)-& 3 *a ,$"&aa*)("& ac)-& so& ($3 )(+o! a& "s +a!a *a +!"4"&c)-& '" *as "&f"!("'a'"s +o! *o#$" '","!@ +!"s a!s" ($c%a a "&c)-& a* a*)("& o 3 a *as %"c"s0 3a #$" s) "* c"!'o'"?a '" co("! 3 *a a+a!)"&c)a '" *as %"c"s ca(,)a "* a&)(a* )"&" s & o(as '" )! a"&f"!(a! 3 '","!@ s"! a)s*a'o 3 4)/)*a'o ()&$c)osa("& "5



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ENFERMEDADES EN LOS PORCINOS

?.4. PRINCIPALES ENFERMEDADESPo'"(os '"s aca! a*/$&os )+os '" "&f"!("'a'"s +o! s$ o!)/"& ;,ac "!)a&as04)!a*"s0 " c5>0 (" a,-*)cas 3 ca!"&c)a*"s ;'"f)c)"&c)a '" ()&"!a*"s0 " c5> *as #$" *osc"!'os s$f!"&5 Las +!)&c)+a*"s "&f"!("'a'"s *a '" a**a(os a co& )&$ac)-&5

?.4.1 8RUCELOSISEs $&a "&f"!("'a' )&f"c o co& a/)osa c$3o a/"& " ca$sa* "s *a ,ac "!)a Brucella suis 0 *a c$a* ca$sa /!a&'"s +.!')'as "co&-()cas '",)'o a *os +!o,*"(as!"+!o'$c )4os #$" +!o'$c"0 a'"(@s '" s$ )(+*)cac)-& "& sa*$' + ,*)ca c$a&'o s"

!as() " a* %o(,!"5 La 4 a '" )&f"cc)-& "s "* !ac o /as !o)& "s )&a* 3 "* /"&) a*5Los s & o(as c*@s)cos '" "s a "&f"!("'a' so& "* a,o! o ;/"&"!a*("& " "& "* "!c"! ("s '" *a /"s ac)-&>0 )&f"! )*)'a'0 )&f*a(ac)-& '" *os "s c$*os 3 *"c%o&"s '.,)*"s o($"! os a* &ac)()"& o5 S)& "(,a!/o0 *a (o! a*)'a' "s ,a?a5Las ("')'as '" co& !o* co&s)s "& "& o(a! +"!)-')ca("& " ($"s !as '" sa&/!" "& *a/!a&?a +a!a s$ a&@*)s)s "& "* *a,o!a o!)o 3 +os "!)o! a)s*a()"& o 3 "*)()&ac)-& '"a&)(a*"s sos+"c%osos5 As)()s(o0 '"," "4) a!s" *a )& !o'$cc)-& '" a&)(a*"s +!o4"&)"& "s '" 2o&as )&f"c a'as5

?.4.2. DIARREAS EN LECHONESD$!a& " *as +!)("!as s"(a&as '" 4)'a '" *os *"c%o&"s0 s" +!o'$c"& $&a s"!)" '"

"&f"!("'a'"s c$3a (a&)f"s ac)-& ,@s)ca "s *a ')a!!"a5 E )s "& c$a !o "&f"!("'a'"s#$" s" +!"s"& a& ,a?o "s " s)/&o co*),ac)*os)s0 sa*(o&"*os)s0 c-*"!a +o!c)&o 3 +"s " +o!c)&a af!)ca&a5 Pa!a ')f"!"&c)a!*as "& !" s s" '","& o,s"!4a! o !os s & o(as (@s"s+"c f)cos a*"s co(o )&coo!')&ac)-& ($sc$*a! 3 co&4$*s)o&"s +)cos "& "* c-*"!a +o!c)&o 3 *a +"s " +o!c)&a af!)ca&a5

La co*),ac)*os)s "s *a (@s co( & '" "s as "&f"!("'a'"s 3 *a #$" +!o'$c" (a3o!"s +.!')'as "co&-()cas 3a #$" s" +!"s"& a "& *"c%o&"s '"s'" *as %o!as '" &ac)'os5E* ')a/&-s )co s" !"a*)2a +o! a)s*a()"& o '" *as ,ac "!)as "& *os casos '" *aco*),ac)*os)s 3 sa*(o&"*os)s 3 +o! '" "!()&ac)-& '" *a +!"s"&c)a '" 4)!$s "& *os

"?)'os "& "* c-*"!a 3 +"s " +o!c)&a5

E* !a a()"& o co&s)s " "& "* $so '" a& ),)- )cos "s+"c f)cos o *a a+*)cac)-& '" ,ac "!)as "& "* caso '" *a co*),ac)*os)s5 E& c$a& o a* c-*"!a0 "* co& !o* s" !"a*)2a("')a& " *a 4ac$&ac)-&5

?.4.3. NEUMON ASLa &"$(o& a "s *a "&f"!("'a' #$" (@s af"c a a *os c"!'os '$!a& " s$ c!"c)()"& o 3*os "f"c os a'4"!sos #$" ca$sa so,!" "* '"sa!!o**o 3 co&4"!s)-& a*)("& )c)a '" *osa&)(a*"s0 co&s ) $3"& $& s"!)o +!o,*"(a +a!a *os +!o'$c o!"s5



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D" ac$"!'o a* a/"& " ca$sa*0 *as &"$(o& as s" c*as)f)ca& "& ,ac "!)a&as 4)!a*"s 3 +a!as) a!)as5Los s & o(as c* &)cos '" *as &"$(o& as s" ca!ac "!)2a& +o! fa* a '" a+" ) o0')f)c$* a' '" !"s+)!ac)-&0 co*o!ac)-& a2$* '" *a +)"*0 os0 +.!')'a '" +"so0 +os !ac)-&3 ($"! "5 E* & ("!o '" a&)(a*"s af"c a'os "s a* o +"!o *a (o! a*)'a' "s ,a?a5E* !a a()"& o co&s)s " "& "* $so '" a& ),)- )cos "s+"c f)cos co& !a "* /"!("&a)s*a'o5 E* co& !o* co&s)s " "& ,$"& (a&"?o0 *)(+)"2a '" *as )&s a*ac)o&"s0'"s)&f"cc)-& '" *as ()s(as 3 "* $so '" 'os)s a'"c$a'as '" a& ),)- )cos5

?.4.4. CÓLERA PORCINOEs $&a "&f"!("'a' )&f"c oco& a/)osa +!o'$c)'a +o! $& 4)!$s '" /!a& )(+o! a&c)a"& *a c! a '" c"!'os0 '",)'o a #$" ocas)o&a +.!')'as +o! a* a (o! a*)'a'0 a,o! os 3

!" !aso "& "* c!"c)()"& o5Los s & o(as c*@s)cos so& f)",!"0 )&a+" "&c)a0 !"'$cc)-& '"* & ("!o '" /*-,$*os ,*a&cos0 co&?$& )4) )s0 '"sca!/a &asa*0 '"+!"s)-&0 !"s+)!ac)-& ')f)c$* osa0"&!o?"c)()"& o '" *a +)"*0 co&s )+ac)-& o ')a!!"a0 )&coo!')&ac)-&0 +os !ac)-& 3($"! "5Pa!a !"a*)2a! "* ')a/&-s )co s" '"," o(a! "& c$"& a *a %)s o!)a c* &)ca 3 *oss & o(as5 E* co& !o* s" !"a*)2a +o! 4ac$&ac)-& '" *os *"c%o&"s $ )*)2a&'o 4ac$&a a4)!$s 4)4o a "&$a'o5 Es a 4ac$&a )"&" *a '"s4"& a?a '" +!o'$c)! !"acc)o&"s +os 4ac$&a*"s0 "& ocas)o&"s s"4"!as0 ')f$&').&'os" "* 4)!$s5 E& &)&/ & caso *a.+oca '" a+*)cac)-& '" *a 4ac$&a co& !a "* c-*"!a '"," co)&c)')! co& "* '"s " " o *acas !ac)-&5

?.4.?. NEUMONIA ENZOOTICAEs $&a '" *as "&f"!("'a'"s !"s+)!a o!)a #$" ocas)o&a& /!a&'"s +.!')'as"co&-()cas0 '",)'o a 4a!)os fac o!"s #$" )& "!ac a& "(+"!a $!a0 4"& )*ac)-&0%$("'a'0 co&s !$cc)o&"s0 s$()&)s !o '" a*)("& os +o*4osos0 fac o!"s &$ !)c)o&a*"s5E* a/"& " " )o*-/)co "s Myco)lasma -y)neumoniae 5 Es $&a "&f"!("'a' '" +!"s"& ac)-& c!-&)ca #$" ocas)o&a "*"4a'a (o!,)*)'a' 3 ,a?a (o! a*)'a'0 s" +!"s"& a& co& os s"ca0 "s o!&$'os 3 "& a*/$&as ocas)o&"s ')a!!"as0 %a3 $& !" !aso"& "* c!"c)()"& o5La +!"4"&c)-& 3 "* co& !o* s" *o !"a*)2a "4) a&'o *a "& !a'a '" a&)(a*"s '" o !as/!a&?as co& *a "&f"!("'a'0 )(+"')! *a "& !a'a '" +"!so&as 3 4"% c$*os +o! a'o!"s0'a! *as co&')c)o&"s a'"c$a'as '" a(,)"& "5 U& !a a()"& o &o " )s "0 s) *a +!"4"&c)-&5

?.4. . METASTROGILOSIS Es *a "&f"!("'a' +a!as) a!)a0 s" +!"s"& a (@s f!"c$"& "("& " "& a&)(a*"s ("&o!"sa < ("s"s0 a(,).& s" *a '"&o()&a ,!o&co&"$(o& a 4"!()&osa 5 Pa!a #$" "s a

"&f"!("'a' s" +!o'$2ca "s &"c"sa!)o '" *a +!"s"&c)a '" %$.s+"' )& "!("')a!)o5



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?.4.9. ASCARIASISEs $& +a!as) o /as !o)& "s )&a*0 "s '" /!a& )(+o! a&c)a "co&-()ca5 Es ca$sa'o +o! "* #scaris suum 5 Es " +a!as) o af"c a a c$a*#$)"! "'a'0 "s ($3 $& +oco ')f c)* *ao,s"!4ac)-& '" s)/&os0 +"!o "& ocas)o&"s s" o,s"!4a& ,a?o c!"c)()"& o0 os0 " c5 E*("?o! !a a()"& o "s *os +!o/!a(as '" '"s+a!as) ac)-& s)/$)"&'o "* s)/$)"& " +!o/!a(aa> To'o a&)(a* #$" s" )& !o'$c" a *a /!a&?a0 co(o %"(,!as 3 (ac%os '"

!""(+*a2o ,> A *as c"!'as /"s a& "s a& "s '" +asa!*a a *as +a!)'"!as

c> A *os s"("& a*"s ca'a < ("s"s'> A o'os *os c"!'os '$!a& " *a +!)("!a s"(a&a +os '"s " "5 E* !a a()"& o (@sa'"c$a'o "s "* $so '" a& )+a!as) a!)os5

?.4.:. CISTECERCOSIS S" *oca*)2a& +!)&c)+a*("& " "& *os ( sc$*os0 c"!",!o 3 o?os '" *os c"!'os)&f"s a'os5 Es '" /!a& )(+o! a&c)a +a!a *a sa*$' + ,*)ca 3 *a )&'$s !)a*0 3a #$" +$"'" af"c a! a ,o4)&os 3 o !as "s+"c)"s5 E* a/"& " ca$sa* "s+ystecercus cellulosae#$" co!!"s+o&'" a *a " a+a *a!4a!)a 3 *a0aenia solium '"* %o(,!"5 E* ("?o! s)s "(a +a!a *a +!"4"&c)-& '" "s a "&f"!("'a' "s ("?o!a! *as co&')c)o&"s %)/).&)cas "& *as)&s a*ac)o&"s5

?.4.=. SARNAEs $&a "&f"!("'a' '" *a +)"* ca$sa'o +o! $& aca!o co&oc)'o co(o*arco)tes scabiei 4a!)a& " +o!c)&a5 )4"& "& *as ca+as '" *a +)"*0 s" +!"s"& a co& $&a +)"*!"s"ca a*!"'"'o! '"* %oc)co0 o?os0 o!"?as0 "& !" *as +a as o "& c$a*#$)"! o !o *$/a! 'o&'" %a3a ("&os +"*a?"5E* !a a()"& o s" !"a*)2a co& '"s+a!as) a& "s5

?.?. ADMINISTRACION DE MEDICAMENTOS.E& "* !a a()"& o '" *as ')f"!"& "s "&f"!("'a'"s o "& *a +!"4"&c)-& '" *a ()s(a "s)&')s+"&sa,*" s$()&)s !a! ("')ca("& os ;'!o/as>5

?.?.1. 7IAS DE ADMINISTRACION DE MEDICAMENTOS. Los ("')ca("& os s" *os +$"'" 'a! a *os a&)(a*"s "& ')f"!"& "s fo!(as5 Es as 4 asso& f)?as +a!a *os ')f"!"& "s ("')ca("& os0 a* ca(,)a! +!o'$c"& *"s)o&"s /!a4"s5D)c%as 4 as so&



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?.?.2. 7IA ORALEs *a a'()&)s !ac)-& '" ("')ca("& os +o! *a ,oca0 *os ("')ca("& os #$" s"a'()&)s !"& +o! "s a 4 a &o '","& '" s"! )!!) a& "s +a!a "* $,o ')/"s )4o0 s" +$"'"s$()&)s !a! a& "s '" *a co()'a0 "& *a co()'a5 Es a 4 a +$"'" s"! &a $!a* #$"co&s)s " "& #$" "* a&)(a* o(" *os ("')ca("& os 4o*$& a!)a("& "0 "s " (. o'o "s"* ("?o! +o!#$" "* a&)(a* &o s" (a* !a a 3 &o s" !"#$)"!" '" a3$'a a')c)o&a*5

?.?.3. PARENTERAL5Es a#$"**a #$" $sa "* s)s "(a '" )&3"cc)o&"s0 *o c$a* )(+*)ca !"a*)2a! $&a ,$"&a'"s)&f"cc)-& '"* *$/a! a a+*)ca!s" 3 co&?$& a("& " co& "& "* (a&"?o '" *os)&s !$("& os5 Es os +$"'"& s"!

*) SU8CUTANEA5 S" *o !"a*)2a "& *a +)"* "s *a a 3 co&s)s " "& o(a! "& !"*os '"'os $& +*)"/$" '" *a +)"* 3 s" )& !o'$c" *a a/$?a '",a?o '" *a +)"*5 S"$sa a/$?as ($3 co! as 3 "* *$/a! a a+*)ca!s" "s "& *as a,*as '"* c$"**o5

+) INTRAMUSCULAR 5 Es a 4 a *a a/$?a s" a+*)ca "& *a (asa '"* ($sc$*o%as a *as 'os "!c"!as +a! "s0 *os *$/a!"s $sa'os +a!a "s a 4 a s" $sa "* a&ca0co& a/$?as *a!/as5

) INTRA7ENOSA5 Co&s)s " "& )& !o'$c)! $&a a/$?a "& $&a 4"&a s$+"!f)c)a*0s" '"," !"a*)2a! $&a *)/"!a +!"s)-& a& "!)o! 'o&'" s" !"a*)2a!@ *a a+*)cac)-&0

+a!a #$" s" %a/a 4)s),*"0 "& "* c"!'o s" *o !"a*)2a "& *as 4"&as '" *as o!"?as5Es a 4 a "s ($3 '"*)ca'a 3 &o s" '","!@ a+*)ca! c$a&'o *a ?"!)&/a "&/a a)!"$&a fo!(a '" co(+!o,a! #$" "s @ ,)"& !"a*)2a'a *a )& !o'$cc)-& '" *a a/$?as" '"," %a*a! "* "(,o*o 3 4"! #$" sa*" sa&/!" "& *a ?"!)&/a0 *a a+*)cac)-& s"*o !"a*)2a!@ *"& a("& "5

?. . M TODOS DE DIAGNOSTICO DE LA8ORATORIODE LAS ENFERMEDADES DEL CERDO

E* ')a/&-s )co '" *as "&f"!("'a'"s '"* c"!'o s" f$&'a("& - ,@s)ca("& " "&

?. .1. O8SER7ACIONES CL NICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS

Es as o,s"!4ac)o&"s so& " @("&"s c* &)cos #$" co&s)s "& "& *a a+!"c)ac)-& '" *oss & o(as 3 s)/&os #$" +!"s"& a& *os a&)(a*"s aco(+a a'os '" )&fo!(ac)-&'" a**a'a '" *a %)s o!)a c* &)ca '" *os a&)(a*"s '" *a /!a&?a 'o&'" s" +!"s"& a "* +!o,*"(a5 La %)s o!)a c* &)ca co(+!"&'" *a "'a' '" *os a&)(a*"s "&f"!(os0 & ("!o

'" a&)(a*"s )&f"c a'os0 (o! a*)'a'0 !a a()"& os a+*)ca'os0 co&')c)o&"s %)/).&)cas3 sa&) a!)as '" *a /!a&?a0 " c5



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?. .2. E6AMEN POST-MORTENEs )(+o! a& " !"a*)2a! $& "s $')o a&a o(o+a o*-/)co '" *os a&)(a*"s #$" +!"s"& a!o& *os s & o(as c* &)cos '" *a "&f"!("'a' 3a #$" +"!() " %ac"! $&a"4a*$ac)-& '" *as *"s)o&"s "&co& !a'as "& ')f"!"& "s -!/a&os 3 "?)'os af"c a'os0 s$)& "!+!" ac)-& 3 s$ !"*ac)-& co& *os s & o(as '" *a "&f"!("'a' 3 *os 'a os ca$sa'os +o! *os a/"& "s ac $a& "s5

?. .3. RECOLECCIÓN DE MUESTRASD" ac$"!'o a *as o,s"!4ac)o&"s a &)4"* '" ca(+o0 s & o(as c* &)cos as co(o*"s)o&"s (ac!osc-+)cas '" "c a'as '$!a& " *a &"c!o+s)a0 s" s"*"cc)o&a& *as ($"s !as

a'"c$a'as +a!a s$ "s $')o "& "* *a,o!a o!)o5 Es as ($"s !as co(+!"&'"& ')f"!"& "s)+os '" * #$)'os o!/@&)cos ;" $'a'os0 sa&/!" co(+*" a0 s$"!o sa&/$ &"o0 " c5>0"?)'os 3 -!/a&os af"c a'os5 La !"co*"cc)-& '" *as ()s(as )"&" +o! f)&a*)'a'

!"a*)2a! "s $')os ,ac "!)o*-/)cos0 4)!o*-/)cos0 o )co*-/)cos0 %)s o+a o*-/)cos 3&$ !)c)o&a*"s a !a4.s '" *a $ )*)2ac)-& '" .c&)cas co&4"&c)o&a*"s 3 o "s+"c)a*"s5D" ac$"!'o a *os !"s$* a'os o, "&)'os s" +$"'" )&')ca! $& ')a/&-s )co +!"c)so 3"s a,*"c"! co&c*$s)o&"s 3 !"co("&'ac)o&"s +"! )&"& "s #$" +"!() a& !"so*4"! "* +!o,*"(a5

?.9. Q #' $ &*$ '*$! * !% D"f)&)(os as a $&a s"!)" '" .c&)cas #$"0 a+*)ca'as co& c!) "!)o 3 %a,)*)'a' "& ca'a +aso '"* +!oc"so +!o'$c )4o0 %ac"& a *a "f)c)"&c)a sa&) a!)a '" $& +*a& "* '"a&)(a*"s5D","!@ s"! s)s "(@ )co0 )& "/!a'o 3 +!@c )co5*istemático 0 +$"s *as ')!"c )4as #$" s" +*a&)f)ca& '","& s"! "?"c$ a'as "& fo!(aco& )&$a'a 3 &o s"! )& "!!$(+)'as ,a?o &)&/ & ?$s )f)ca )4o5

Integrado a *os '"(@s +)*a!"s '" *a +!o'$cc)-& co(o so& a*)("& ac)-&0 (a&"?o0)&s a*ac)o&"s0 " c5 No s" +$"'" '"s,a*a&c"a! &)&/$&o '" "s os fac o!"s 3a #$" '"&a'a s)!4" c$(+*)! co& o'as *as &o!(as '" sa&)'a' s)0 +o! "?"(+*o0 s" fa**a "& *aa*)("& ac)-& '"* a&)(a*5

Práctico +a!a #$" s"a '" f@c)* "?"c$c)-&0 as+"c o #$" s" o!&a f$&'a("& a* "& *oss)s "(as '" +!o'$cc)-& a ca(+o5

?.9.1. P* #' ,# $ &*$ '*$! * !% * * # ,%'

1. C%$ %& * *'! * !% Los a&)(a*"s +a!as) a'os ocas)o&a& +.!')'as )(+o! a& "s "& *a +!o'$cc)-& +o!

• D)s()&$c)-& '" *a ca+ac)'a' !"acc)o&a* a *as 4ac$&ac)o&"s5• D)s()&$c)-& '" *a !"s)s "&c)a a *as "&f"!("'a'"s 3 '" *a f"! )*)'a'5• D)s()&$c)-& '"* c!"c)()"& o 3 "* '"sa!!o**o0 #$" +!o*o&/a *os )"(+os '"

"!()&ac)-& '"* +!o'$c o 3 aca!!"a $&a (a*a +!"s"& ac)-& '" .s "0 co& s$co&s"c$"& " +.!')'a '" 4a*o!5



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UNIDAD DE TRA8AJO N;

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Modulo de Porcinos

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