Ivanpah Chemistry Presentation 2015

NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential

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Ivanpah Solar Energy From the Sun! Richard C. Mason Chief Chemist, Indian River Power NRG Energy Laura Sterk Plant Chemist Ivanpah Solar

NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential 2


One of the Nation’s Largest and Most Diverse Generation Portfolios

nuclear oil coal gas wind solar district energy

Guam Haiti, Puerto Rico, St. Croix

St. John, Necker Island

47% 31% 11% 7% 2% 1%

gas

coal

oil Renewables (wind & solar)

nuclear

53,547 MW Total power capacity

Australia Turkey

As of March, 2015; excluding 1,346 MW thermal


One of the Nation’s Largest and Most Diverse Generation Portfolios

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Combined Scale

Gas 25,301 MW 47%

Coal 16,734 MW 31%

Oil 6,008 MW 11%

Renewables 3,579 MW 7%

Nuclear 1,176 MW 2%

International 749 MW 1%

Total 53,547 MW

nuclear oil coal gas wind solar

Diversity of fuel-type, dispatch level, and geographic region help mitigate risk and moderate market demand cycles


Sustainability is the ability to endure into the future.

© 2015, NRG Energy, Inc.

Grow our business while reducing CO2 50% by 2030, on the path to a 90% reduction by 2050

Long-term sustainability goal

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2014 baseline – projected to be 125 million metric tons of CO2

Absolute target

Footprint updated with Annual Report and Annual Sustainability Report

• Deployment of renewable energy resources and services

• NRG Carbon 360

• Coal to Natural Gas Conversions

• Plant Equipment upgrades and efficiency advancements

• Engaging our customers and employees

Steps we are taking

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Our two-fold approach to combat climate change

What we believe

Market forces, economic pressures, and environmental regulations are all moving toward a path of fewer but cleaner traditional central power plants and more distributed energy resources. NRG believes that the future of energy is partnering with like-minded organizations to help them achieve their reliability and clean energy goals.

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NRG’s long-term sustainability vision

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Our vision is to

catalyze the shift

to a sustainable

energy future

“We have a moral imperative to fight climate change” David Crane, CEO NRG

55% of adults said they are more likely to purchase from a company

that is environmentally friendly1

35 US states have adopted climate change action plans, and

25 states have set energy efficiency targets3

Sustainable energy – Why now?

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NRG Sets Unprecedented Sustainability Goals for 2030, 2050

The world of tomorrow will be powered by the choices we make today.

As the largest competitive generator in the US, we are showing that we can grow our business while reducing CO2 emissions.

Our sustainability commitment translates to avoiding the following by 2050:

• 3 billion tons of CO2 emissions • Deforestation of 18,000 square miles of Amazon rain

forest • 7,000,000 homes’ carbon emissions from fuel

and electricity every year between now and 2050

Source: 1) Mintel/Experian Simmons NCS/NHCS: Summer 2011 NHCS Adult Full Year – POP, 2) 2010 UN Global Compact CEO Survey, based on 766 responses 3) White House Climate Action Plan

94% of CEOs think that sustainability issues should be fully

embedded into companies’ strategy and operations2

reducing C02 by

50% by 2030

On the path to

90% C02 reduction by

by 2050


Ivanpah Organization

Solar Partners Holdco, LLC - Equity Investors NRG Google BrightSource

Three Individual Projects Solar Partners II – Ivanpah #1 - ~25 yr PPA with PG&E. Solar Partners I – Ivanpah #2 - ~25 yr PPA with SCE. Solar Partners VIII – Ivanpah #3 - ~25 yr PPA with PG&E.

Southern California Edison Transmission Upgrade Implementing their El Dorado to Ivanpah Transmission

Project (EITP)


Site

Geography and Footprint • Project site is 3500 acres • Each unit about 900

acres • Unit 1 to Unit 3 Tower =

3.2 miles • Edge of U1 SF to edge of

U3 SF = 5 miles

Tower • Total Height is 459’

– ~325 ft steel structure w/ the boiler on top

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Site Layout

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Environmental Considerations

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• Flora and fauna – Protected Species Desert Tortoises Kit foxes Succulent Desert Plants Weed Management • Water - 100 acre-ft/year

2 on-site wells provide all the water

• Air – Emissions Title V GHS/cap and trade

• Avian and Bat - nesting and migratory birds

Mortality surveys Scavenger surveys


Energy from Sun

• Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area and recorded during a given time.

• Direct insolation is the solar irradiance measured at a given location on Earth, excluding atmospheric diffused insolation.

• Solar radiation is absorbed & converted to thermal energy, causing an increase in the object's temperature.

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Basic Overview


Power Block Overview


Power Block Layout

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Power Block Configuration

SOLAR RECEIVER STEAM GENERATOR (RILEY POWER) Concentrated sunlight converts water in a boiler to high-temperature steam.

HELIOSTATS (BRIGHTSOURCE) Software-controlled field of mirrors concentrate sunlight on a boiler mounted on a central tower.

OPTIMIZATION / CONTROL SOFTWARE (BRIGHTSOURCE) Solar Field Integrated Control System is the proprietary optimization software to manage heliostat positioning and optimize concentrated sunlight on the boiler.

TURBINE (SIEMENS) Steam powers turbine to produce electricity – then is converted back to water through an air-cooled condenser.

AIR-COOLED CONDENSER (SPX) Environmentally friendly in design, using 95% less water than competitive technologies.


Water/Steam Overview

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Solar Steam Generator

Boiler • 2646 psig / 1054 F

– Evaporator section – Super Heater – Reheat

Controls • IR Cameras – 2/wall, total 8 • Heat Flux Sensors – 24 pairs of

TCs embedded in SH, RH, and EVA tubes.

• About 1180 loops, 120 MOVs (networked), 17 CVs

• 100% steam bypass, no atmospheric dump valves

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Solar Steam Generator Layout

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Superheat

Evaporator

Reheat

Protection Panels


Steam Turbine Generator

Turbine • Siemens SST-900 • HP and IP Turbine • HP – 7200 RPM • Reduction gear box for HP • IP – 3600 RPM Generator • 135 MVA • 3600 RPM Design • Fast Startup • Daily Cycling

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Air Cooled Condenser

ACC-SPX • Water Consumption limited to

100 acre-ft / year • 3 Streets of 5 fans / Unit • 2 Speed

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Solar Field

Mirror Focal lengths 4 different focal lengths were used in solar field

-250m -450m -750m -1000m

~60,000 heliostats per Unit


System Components: Heliostat

LH-2.2 Heliostat 2 Mirrors/heliostat

Metal support structure Dual-axis drives Heliostat controller Focuses sun on SRSG

Under SFINCS control

System Components: Heliostat


Solar Field Control System (SFINCS)

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Heliostat desired aiming points calculating to: • Flux vs Load balancing • Implement quick flux reduction / defocusing • Measuring SRSG skin temperature • Alert on crossing temperature limits


Weather Station Measurements Radiation Direct Normal Radiation (DNR) - Critical for optimizing performance Global Horizontal (GH) radiation Diffused Horizontal (DH) radiation UV horizontal radiation

Wind Wind speed in different locations - Critical for SF safety during high winds Wind direction

Ambient weather Ambient temperature Relative humidity Barometric pressure Rainfall

General Description


Instrumentation

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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential 2010 NRG Confidential

Operations During Cloud Movement

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U1.01MAA10CS015_AS1.OUT100.01347%U1.01MAA10CS905_AS1.OUT100.02169%U1.1JSRT4011A.RT1021.61194

U1.01MKA10CE001.OUT91.90353MWU1.01MKA01CE074.OUT90.87400

U1.1EMETP0211.JTA4.31510MWU1.01MKA01DE001.OUTConfigureMWU1.01MKA01DE002.OUTConfigureMWU1.1EYENG0252ZSC.ENG1U1.EYTrue

Turbine Speed Ch.C2o3 Voting, Turbine SpeedWS-4010 DIRECT NORMAL RADI..Generator OutputMWUAT REAL POWERActive PowerActive PowerGCB CLOSED

1/27/2014 12:38:25 PM1/27/2014 7:57:49 AM 4.68 hours

TURBINE - GENERATOR-U1

0

10

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40

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60

70

80

90

100

0

100

0

1050

0

150

0

150

0

25

0

150

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150

-1

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Generator Output

Solar Energy


Chemical Feed-AVT (O)

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Ivanpah Chemistry Challenges • Working with OEM’s regarding elevated pH specs for

ACC, and alternate chemical use. • Makeup: mobile demineralizer using well water – ZLD

site – Controlling costs – Alternate technologies • Condensate Polishers – Off-site regeneration –

Operation in Ammonia form • 10 um filtration for suspended iron particulate in front

of polishing • SWAS panel instrumentation – Flow changes and daily

adjustments • Typical cycling chemistry issues • WSAC use and chemical treatment

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Demineralization Trailer

Cost of ultrapure water is 5.5 cents per gallon

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Demineralization SWAS

Monitoring Capabilities

• Silica • Sodium • Conductivities • Specific • Cation • Degassed Cation

• pH

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SWAS Panel

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SWAS Panel

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Prefilters Fil-Trek

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– polypropylene oxide filter

– 10 microns – 40” length – max diff pressure 60 PSID – Typical change out


Condensate Polishers

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Condensate Polisher Operating Parameters

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• Flow=600-900 gpm →4.38-6.56 gpm/ft3 • Pressure= inlet ~145 psig, outlet ~130 psig • Strong cation resin (H+), strong anion resin

(OH-) 2:1 resin ratio – Purolite SGC 550, Purolite SGA 650

• 2 vessels/unit—1 @100% flow; 1@standby – Partial bypass—to avoid high inlet temps during

summer • Offsite regeneration


Ivanpah Chemistry – Next steps . . .

• Increased iron monitoring from ACC and cycle • Consider existing and emerging technologies to

reduce water usage and costs

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Ivanpah Chemistry Challenges

Current State of the Systems

Laura Sterk, MS PLANT CHEMIST - IVANPAH

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Ivanpah Chemistry Challenges • Lowered pH value in blowdown • Makeup: mobile demineralizer using well

water – ZLD site. • Condensate Polishers – Off-site

regeneration • SWAS panel instrumentation – calibration

& maint. • Typical cycling chemistry issues • Potable water system • WSAC use and chemical treatment

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Lowered pH value in Blowdown

• Theoretical loss for pH is ~0.2 as compared to feedwater

• To protect equipment pH range is – Ferrous metallurgy 9.2-9.6 – ACC units 9.8-10.0

• Typical blowdown operation consistent among operators – Ramp up using MASS BD – NOP CONTINUOUS BD ~10%

Regeneration of Condensate Polisher

• Log regeneration data • Quality control to insure performance before

material is transferred • Establish performance specifications based on

water quality • Further develop program

with age of the polisher —if resin is exclusive to your plant usage

Iron Testing

• 10 micron pre-polisher filter • Verify most reliable test • Evaluate/test at different times in the iron cycle • 30-60 data sets for accurate determination of

Fe concentrations • Research comparative data

SWAS Calibration and Maintenance • Probes

– pH, – conductivity (specific, cationic, degassed cationic) – dissolved oxygen

• Analytical instruments – silica analyzer – sodium

• Online devices – sequencer – sample temperature controllers

Other Chemistry Issues

• Consistent sample flow from wet side of panel to analytical side

• SWAS cooling system in desert temperatures • Iron transport • Potable water systems • WSAC cooling systems

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Discussion

54 [Enter Presentation Title in the Footer View menu > Headerand Footer] September 11, 2016

Sustainability is the ability to endure into the future.

Ivanpah Chemistry Presentation 2015

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