Investigación y ciencia 340 - Enero 2005

7/23/2019 Investigacin y ciencia 340 - Enero 2005

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2/99

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3/99

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4/99

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5/99

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6/99

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7/99


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8/99

Ck flxfkl~k df ck cfhtvpk jk pfhg`gdo vlkktflhgl holxgdfpk`cf fl cox ctgaox kox roprkptf df dgyfpxkx dgxhgrcglkx> ck rxghocoek# ckcglextghk# ckx lfvpohgflhgkx w ck gltfcgeflhgkkptgighgkc# fltpf otpkx, Ckx glyfxtgekhgolfx pfk!cg~kdkx jkl hpfkdo vl xcgdo hvfpro df holo!

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Fzgxtfl dox ikagcgkx df atodox df flxfkl~k df ckcfhtvpk {vf xf xvfcfl rpfxfltkp hoao avtvkafltf fz!

hcvwfltfx> cox atodox ilghox# {vf dkl rpgopgdkd kck flxfkl~k dfc rpglhgrgo kcik`tgho# w cox atodoxeco`kcfx w xvx dfpgykdox# {vf dkl rpgopgdkd kc xge!lgighkdo {vf tpklxagtfl cox aflxknfx fxhpgtox, Yfpfaox{vf lo fzgxtf lglel ivldkaflto rkpk khfrtkp fxtk oro!xghgl, Kvl{vf ck holipoltkhgl fltpf dfiflxopfx dfvlo w otpo atodo fx rkptghvckpafltf flholkdk fl fcavldo klecoxknl# rop pk~olfx {vf krkpfhfpl ax kdf!ckltf# cox rckltfkagfltox tka`gl xol xfafnkltfx flckx hoavlgdkdfx df cflevk hkxtfccklk,

Fc atodo ilghoFc atodo ilgho xf rporolf fzrcotkp cox `flfighgoxdfc rpglhgrgo kcik`tgho {vf fxt fl ck `kxf df lvfxtpoxgxtfak df fxhpgtvpk> {vf ckx vlgdkdfx vtgcg~kdkx fl ckfxhpgtvpk# cftpkx w epvrox df cftpkx# dfloaglkdkx epk!ifakx *ck h df hkxk w ck hj df hjkc# rop fnfarco'#pfrpfxfltkl df aklfpk ax o aflox xgxtfatghk ckxvlgdkdfx ioloceghkx df ck cflevk dfloaglkdkx iolf!akx, Fc atodo ilgho df flxfkl~k df ck cfhtvpk hol!xgdfpk {vf fc rpglhgrgo kcik`tgho df`f xfp rpfxfltkdokc krpfldg~ df aklfpk fzrchgtk# xgxtfatghk w tfarpklk,

Fzrchgtk xgelgighk {vf fc akfxtpo df`f kwvdkp kc kcvalok hoarpfldfp ck pfckhgl {vf fzgxtf fltpf epkifakx wiolfakx xgl fxrfpkp {vf xtf dfxhv`pk fxroltlfk!afltf tkc pfckhgl, Xgxtfatghk {vgfpf dfhgp {vf ck fl!xfkl~k df`f opeklg~kpxf xgevgfldo vl opdfl rpfhgxo#dftfpaglkdo rop holxgdfpkhgolfx tfpghkx w rphtghkx{vf toakl fl hvfltk ckx dgighvctkdfx {vf rckltfk fc kgx!ckp hgfptox iolfakx, Cox iolfakx lo xol cox xolgdoxaktfpgkcfx df {vf fxt jfhjk fc jk`ck# xglo fltgdkdfxk`xtpkhtkx, Rop fnfarco# fc iolfak /r/ fx vlk k`xtpkh!hgl> fx co {vf ckx rkck`pkx rkrk# rgrk w rf *fcloa`pf df ck cftpk {vf co pfrpfxfltk' tgflfl fl hoalkc hoagfl~o, Fxtf iolfak lo rvfdf xfp holhpftg~kdo

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Nfxx Kcfepk# Akpgxoc Hkppgcco w Fagcgo Xlhjf~



9/99

aktfpgkcafltf fl vl xolgdo rop{vffx garoxg`cf rpolvlhgkpco xgl vlkyohkc, Rop fxtk pk~l# ck flxfkl~kdf ck hoppfxroldflhgk fltpf epkif!akx w iolfakx xfp ax fzgtoxk xghoagfl~k hol ckx yohkcfx w ckx hol!xolkltfx ipghktgykx {vf rvfdfl xfpkgxckdkx# w xf fxrfpk {vf fxto kwvdfkc lgo k hoarpfldfp fc rpglhgrgo kc!ik`tgho, Rop ctgao# tfarpklk xf pf!igfpf k {vf fc hdgeo kcik`tgho df`frpfxfltkpxf dfxdf fc hoagfl~o dfcrpoepkak df flxfkl~k,

Fc ivldkaflto tfpgho df fxtf a!todo fx {vf fc doaglgo dfc xgxtfakdf hoppfxroldflhgkx rolf k dgxroxg!hgl dfc lgo vlk jfppkagfltk *cffp'{vf cf rfpagtgp hoarpfldfp fc xge!lgighkdo df hvkc{vgfp rkck`pk {vfflhvfltpf, Df kj ck lohgl df rpo!dvhtgygdkd{vf hkpkhtfpg~k kc hdgeokcik`tgho,

Fltpf ckx hptghkx {vf xf jkl iop!avckdo jkhgk fxtf atodo# rpglhg!rkcafltf rop dfiflxopfx df rporvfx!tkx aftodoceghkx kctfplktgykx# hk`fdfxtkhkp tpfx, Ck rpgafpk> pfxvctkroho fxtgavckltf rkpk fc krpfldg~=cf kcfnk df ck dgaflxgl ivlhgolkcdf ck cfhtvpk> fztpkfp xgelgighkdo whoavlghkp, Fl xfevldo cvekp# xvikctk df fighkhgk# rkptghvckpafltffl kcevlkx cflevkx# hoao fc glecx#fl ckx {vf fc hdgeo kcik`tgho fxroho rpodvhtgyo k hkvxk df ck ikc!tk df pfevckpgdkd df ckx pfckhgolfxepkifak!iolfak, Fxtk hptghk fx dfaflox garoptklhgk fl xgxtfakx op!toepighox ax pfevckpfx# hoao fcdfc hkxtfccklo, Rop ctgao# kcevloxkvtopfx kigpakl {vf cox lgox ro!xffl holohgagfltox gltvgtgyox xo!`pf ck fxhpgtvpk *{v pfrpfxfltk# haoco jkhf# rkpk {v xgpyf' {vf fc xgx!tfak df flxfkl~k ilgho gelopk#co {vf rodpk ccfykp kc lgo k loorfpkp hol co {vf wk roxff w k kdor!tkp vlk khtgtvd rkxgyk kltf fc lvfyokrpfldg~knf,

Cox atodox eco`kcfxCox atodox eco`kcfx krkpfhfl hoaovl gltflto df xvrfpkp kcevlkx dffxtkx hptghkx, Ck rporoxghgl rpgl!hgrkc fx {vf ckx vlgdkdfx flxfkdkxxfkl ckx rkck`pkx hoarcftkx, Df fxtkiopak xf fygtkl cox rpo`cfakx df ckikctk df pfevckpgdkd dfc hdgeo w#kdfax# fc krpfldg~knf xf hfltpk flvlgdkdfx {vf tgflfl xgelgighkdo k`kl!dolldoxf ckx {vf lo co tgflfl# coxepkifakx w cox iolfakx,

Fl vl rpoepkak hcxgho df cfh!tvpk eco`kc xf fargf~k flxfkldokc krpfldg~ ykpgkx dfhflkx df rk!ck`pkx jkxtk {vf ckx pfholo~hk dg!pfhtkafltf# fx dfhgp# xgl pfhvppgp kck afdgkhgl ioloceghk *cvlk/cvlk/# xoc/xoc/# fth,', Fc yo!hk`vckpgo ygxvkc kx kd{vgpgdo fxvtgcg~kdo rop cox kcvalox rkpk cffpw hoarolfp ipkxfx# rfpo fxtkx khtg!ygdkdfx fxtl cgagtkdkx rop ck hkl!tgdkd df rkck`pkx afaopg~kdkx, Kltfvlk rkck`pk dfxholohgdk fc krpfl!dg~ fxtk o`cgekdo k kdgyglkp xv xge!lgighkdo= fc akfxtpo co klgakp krpkhtghkp fxtk khtgygdkd w lo k `vx!

hkp ck hoppfxroldflhgk fltpf epkif!akx w iolfakx, Yfpxgolfx afloxpkdghkcfx dfc atodo rckltfkl {vffc hpfhgagflto dfc yohk`vckpgo yg!xvkc pf{vgfpf pfkcg~kp dgxhpgaglk!hgolfx hkdk yf~ ax iglkx {vf rvf!dfl gldvhgp kc kcvalo k pfrkpkp flck iolocoek, Rop fnfarco# rkpk af!aopg~kp fc xgelgighkdo df rkck`pkxhoao cvlk# hvlk# dvlk# tvlk#fth,# glifpgp fc ykcop iolocegho dfck rpgafpk cftpk fx garoptkltf, Dffxtk aklfpk# hk`pk xvrolfp {vf xg

`gfl ckx hoppfxroldflhgkx epkifak!iolfak lo xf flxfkl *kc afloxfzrchgtk w xgxtfatghkafltf'# fckcvalo rvfdk ccfekp k orfpkp holfcckx df kcel aodo,

Lo o`xtkltf# cox dfiflxopfx dffxtk aftodocoek kxvafl fc rpglhg!rgo tfpgho# dfifldgdo rop I, Xagtjfltpf otpox# df {vf ck iolocoek loiopak rkptf df cox rpohfxox {vf gl!tfpygflfl fl ck gdfltgighkhgl dfrkck`pkx fxhpgtkx rop rkptf dfc cfh!top fzrfpto, Ax fxrfhighkafltf#kpevafltkl {vf ck afdgkhgl io!loceghk jkhf ax cflto fc khhfxokc xgelgighkdo w# holxfhvfltfafltf#

df`fpk xfp dfxtfppkdk df ck fl!xfkl~k, Fx garoptkltf kltghgrkp {vffxtkx gdfkx jkl xgdo pfivtkdkx far!pghkafltf dvpkltf cox ctgaox kox#hoao yfpfaox flxfevgdk,

Fl ck clfk df cox atodox eco!`kcfx# ck orhgl dfloaglkdk cfl!evknf gltfepkdo rolf fc likxgx flfc vxo dfc cflevknf fxhpgto fl xg!tvkhgolfx hoavlghktgykx pfkcfx,Xfel fxtk roxghgl# fc rkrfc dfcakfxtpo fx fc df kwvdkp kc kcvalok fzrcopkp w dfxhv`pgp rpoepfxgyk!


;, CK FLXFKL^K DF CK CFHTVPK# df`f `kxkpxf fl ck kxohgkhgl df epkifakxw iolfakx# o jk df farf~kp wk rop ckx rkck`pkx hoarcftkx?

TGLKUFXT


10/99

: GLYFXTGEKHGL W HGFLHGK# flfpo# 0226

afltf ckx holyflhgolfx dfc cflevknffxhpgto k tpkyx df xv vxo fl hol!tfztox lktvpkcfx, Kc cfhtop rpglhg!rgkltf {vf lo holxgevf cffp vl afl!xknf xf cf klgakp rkpk {vf kdgyglfxv xgelgighkdo fzrcotkldo todox coxpfhvpxox dgxrolg`cfx> rkck`pkx {vfpfholohf# xvx rporgox holohgagfl!tox cglextghox f gliopakhgolfx xo!`pf fc tfak# ckx gcvxtpkhgolfx {vfkhoarkkl fc aflxknf# ck hoarpfl!xgl df ckx gltflhgolfx dfc kvtop#fth, Mfllft Eoodakl holdflx fxtklohgl fl vlk ipkxf hcf`pf> Cffpfx rpkhtghkp vl nvfeo df kdgyglkl!~kx rxghocglextghkx, Fxtk kigpak!hgl tgflf hoao holxfhvflhgk {vffc pfholohgagflto df rkck`pkx xfkholxgdfpkdo vl rpohfxo xfhvldk!pgo# vlk orhgl# fl ck hoarpflxgldf ck cflevk fxhpgtk, Rkpk cox df!iflxopfx dfc cflevknf gltfepkdo lo

fx lfhfxkpgo cffp hkdk vlk df ckx rk!ck`pkx df vl tfzto# rvfx fc cfhtop

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Fl fc avldo jgxrklojk`ckltf xfjk dfxkppocckdo otpk aftodocoek ho!avlghktgyk hol pkhfx fl ck tfopkfyocvtgyk holxtpvhtgygxtk df NfklRgkeft, Fc ivldkaflto df fxtk rpo!rvfxtk fx {vf cox lgox {vf dfxdfavw rf{vfox fltpkl fl holtkhtohol ck cflevk fxhpgtk dfxkppoccklfxroltlfkafltf# fxto fx# xgl fl!xfkl~k iopakc# gdfkx xo`pf co {vf

pfrpfxfltk ck fxhpgtvpk fl fc rckloiopakc w ivlhgolkc> {v dgxtglevf

co fxhpgto df otpkx iopakx df pf!rpfxfltkhgl epighk# {v pfrpfxfl!tkl cox xgelox optoepighox# rkpk {vxgpyf ck fxhpgtvpk, Cox holxtpvhtg!ygxtkx jkl rvfxto kc dfxhv`gfpto pf!evckpgdkdfx garoptkltfx fl ck fyo!cvhgl df ckx gdfkx {vf fc lgodfxkppocck xo`pf ck cflevk fxhpgtk,K vlk fdkd tfarpklk# rop fnfarco#dgxtglevf fltpf co {vf fx vl dg`vnow co {vf fx vlk rkck`pk fxhpgtk w#df aklfpk rpoepfxgyk# fxtk`cfhf pf!ckhgolfx fltpf co opkc w co fxhpgtojkxtk ccfekp k iopavckp *garchgtk!afltf' jgrtfxgx ioloceghkx, Ropfnfarco# ck cckakdk jgrtfxgx xgc!`ghk xvrolf {vf ckx xck`kx {vfhoarolfl ckx rkck`pkx df`fl tflfpvlk pfrpfxfltkhgl epighk dgifpfl!hgkdk, Kx /hpgxtglk/ lfhfxgtkp tpfxxgelox epighox w /rfdpo/ dox,

Ck aftodocoek holxtpvhtgygxtk

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Rfpo vlk pfygxgl hptghk df ckxorhgolfx aftodoceghkx rpfxfltkdkxlo rvfdf dfnkp kc akpefl k ckx krop!tkhgolfx `gfl holxocgdkdkx df ck gl!yfxtgekhgl xo`pf cox afhklgxaox orpohfdgagfltox df cfhtvpk df ckx

rkck`pkx# xv kd{vgxghgl w xvx dgig!hvctkdfx,

Hao cffaox ckx rkck`pkx?Fxtk hvfxtgl rvfdf rkpfhfpcf fz!tpkk kc cfhtop fzrfpto, Lvfxtpk ga!rpfxgl fx {vf ck gdfltgighkhgl dfvlk rkck`pk fxhpgtk fx glxtkltlfk wlo dfnk cvekp kc fxtvdgo df rpohf!xox {vf rodpkl toakp tgfaro w hol!xvagp flfpek rop rkptf dfc cfhtop,Xgl fa`kpeo# fc klcgxgx fzrfpgafltkcdf ck cfhtvpk df rkck`pkx dfavfxtpkTGL

KUFXT 0, COX AFTODOX ECO@KCFX toakl hoao vlgdkd df krpfldg~knf ckx rkck`pkx hoarcftkx,

Ck gppfevckpgdkd optoepighk dfc glecx rodp xfp vlk pk~l rkpk ortkp rop fxtf flio{vffl fxk cflevk,


11/99

{vf lo fx kx, Rop fnfarco# ckx rk!ck`pkx ipfhvfltfx xf gdfltgighkl axdfrpgxk {vf ckx aflox ipfhvfltfxw cox fxtvdgox df ckòpktopgo avfx!tpkl {vf fxtf w otpox ikhtopfx# tkcfxhoao ck colegtvd df ck rkck`pk# xvfxtpvhtvpk optoepighk o ck fzgxtfl!hgk df yfhglox optoepighox o io!loceghox *rkck`pkx xgagckpfx op!toepighk o ioloceghkafltf= ropfnfarco# xol yfhglkx df rkto ckxrkck`pkx ekto# rkco# rktk# rgto,,,'# df!tfpaglkl df aklfpk rpfygxg`cf ckdvpkhgl w ck rpfhgxgl dfc rpohfxodf gdfltgighkhgl,

Cox aodfcox fckòpkdox rkpk fz!rcghkp fxtox pfxvctkdox holxgdfpkl{vf gdfltgighkp vlk rkck`pk hol!xgxtf fl fxtk`cfhfp vlk holfzgl fl!tpf xv iopak optoepighk fl fc tfztow cox holohgagfltox {vf fc cfhtoproxff fl xv afaopgk czghk xo`pf

dghjk rkck`pk= holohgagfltox rpgl!hgrkcafltf xfaltghox *xv xgelgig!hkdo'# xglthtghox *tgro epkaktghkc#elfpo# fth,' w ioloceghox *xv rpo!lvlhgkhgl', Fxtk holfzgl xf rvfdfpfkcg~kp df dox iopakx dgifpfltfx,Ck rpgafpk tgflf cvekp df aklfpkdgpfhtk w xf rpodvhf hvkldo ck rk!ck`pk {vf jkw {vf gdfltgighkp iopakrkptf dfc pfrfptopgo df rkck`pkx af!aopg~kdkx {vf roxff fc cfhtop# fcdfloaglkdo czgho optoepigho, Ckxfevldk rpohfdf rop flxka`cknf io!locegho# fxto fx tpkdvhgfldo coxfcfafltox optoepighox df ck rkck!`pk# cftpkx w epvrox df cftpkx# k ckiopak ioloceghk hoppfxroldgfltf,Xf tpktk fl fxtf hkxo df vl pfho!lohgagflto gldgpfhto {vf xf rpodvhfk tpkyx df ck pfrpfxfltkhgl io!loceghk df ck rkck`pk,

Khtgygdkd kvtoaktg~kdkFxtox dox rpohfxox ivlhgolkl df ak!lfpk rkpkcfck w kvtoatghk# co {vf{vgfpf dfhgp {vf cox rpohfxox ga!rcghkdox fl ck cfhtvpk df rkck`pkx

xf rolfl fl akphjk o`cgektopgkafltffl hvklto cox onox dfc cfhtop ignklvlk rkck`pk fxhpgtk, Ck yocvltkddfc cfhtop lo dfxfarfk lglel rk!rfc fl fxtf rpohfxo w# rop fcco# loxf rvfdf fygtkp cffp vlk rkck`pkvlk yf~ {vf jk fltpkdo fl fc hkaroygxvkc# lg tkaroho dfhgdgp xg ck rk!ck`pk xfp rpohfxkdk ioloceghk voptoepighkafltf,

E, Ykl Opdfl w xvx hockòpkdo!pfx jkl dfaoxtpkdo fcfekltfafltfck gltfpyflhgl df ck iolocoek fl

ck cfhtvpk df rkck`pkx rop afdgo dfvlk tkpfk df toak df dfhgxgl xfal!tghk> holtfxtkp prgdkafltf xg vlkrkck`pk fxhpgtk rfptflfhf o lo kvlk hktfeopk rkptghvckp= rop fnfa!rco# dfhgdgp xg xf tpktk o lo df vlkicop, Cox pfxvctkdox avfxtpkl {vfrkck`pkx hoao poux *pfak'# {vfxf rpolvlhgk gevkc {vf poxf *poxk'#rpodvhfl k aflvdo fc fppop df krpf!tkp fc òtl x, Rop xvrvfxto {vffc cfhtop xk`f {vf poux lo fx vlloa`pf df icop# rfpo ck tfldflhgk kpfxroldfp x pfyfck {vf ck iolo!coek df poux# {vf xf khtgyk df aodokvtoatgho fl fc rpohfxo df gdfl!tgighkhgl df ck rkck`pk fxhpgtk# gl!tfpigfpf lfektgykafltf fl ck tkpfkxfaltghk# xgl {vf cox xvnftox rvf!dkl fygtkpco, Fxtf iflaflo# cck!akdo fifhto df joaoiolk# xf o`!xfpyk tka`gl hvkldo xf rpfxfltkl

rxfvdorkck`pkx, Rop fnfarco# fl hkx!tfccklo# ck rxfvdorkck`pk jk`gl#joaiolk df kygl# rpodvhgpk gl!tfpifpflhgkx fl ck tkpfk df dfhgxglxfaltghk o`nfto {vf yvfck eflf!pkldo vlk tfldflhgk fpplfk k pfx!roldfp x,

Hk`f kepfekp {vf cox fxtvdgox ag!lvhgoxox df Pkwlfp w xvx hockò!pkdopfx xo`pf ck aklfpk fl {vf coxonox pfhoppfl vl tfzto pfyfckl kx!rfhtox df fxtk khtgygdkd {vf# dflvfyo# lo hoglhgdfl hol lvfxtpkx

gltvghgolfx df cfhtop, Tflfaox ckgarpfxgl df {vf cox onox xf dfx!cg~kl df aklfpk holtglvk k co ckpeodf ckx clfkx df tfzto# rfpo ck pfk!cgdkd fx avw dgifpfltf, Cox onoxrpohfdfl df aklfpk dgxholtglvk>xf dftgflfl fl ck rkck`pk {vf cffldvpkltf vlox 022!062 agcgxfevldoxhoao rpoafdgo *ignkhgl ohvckp' wxkctkl# cgtfpkcafltf# k ck xgevgfltffl 82 ax *aoygagflto xkhdgho',Cox fxtvdgox xo`pf cox aoygagfl!tox ohvckpfx dfc cfhtop fzrfpto avfx!tpkl {vf xf ignkl hkxg todkx ckx rk!ck`pkx df vl tfzto w {vf ck dvpkhgldf ckx ignkhgolfx dfrfldf dfc tpk!`kno df gdfltgighkhgl {vf fzgnk ckrkck`pk *fx aflop fl ckx rkck`pkxipfhvfltfx {vf fl ckx {vf lo coxol tklto',

Todox fxtox tpk`knox avfxtpkl {vffc rpohfxkagflto df ckx rkck`pkx

fxhpgtkx# kgxckdkx o hoarolgfldovl tfzto# fx vlk khtgygdkd kvtoak!tg~kdk fl fc cfhtop fzrfpto, Xvx hvk!cgdkdfx gltfcfhtvkcfx tgflfl roho olkdk {vf yfp fl tkc rpohfxo, Ropxvrvfxto# fc cfhtop ckx fnfphf fl coxrpohfxox df hoarpflxgl df cox tfz!tox> krcghk xvx holohgagfltox cgl!extghox w holhfrtvkcfx rkpk fz!tpkfp ckx gdfkx# pfckhgolkpckx fltpfx w hol cox holohgagfltox rpfygox#rkpk pfkcg~kp glifpflhgkx# f glhcvxorkpk fcfegp gltfcgefltfafltf dldf


Hoarkpkhgl df atodox df flxfkl~kfl Fxtkdox Vlgdox

Xol lvafpoxkx ckx glyfxtgekhgolfx {vf avfxtpkl ckx yfltknkx df ckflxfkl~k ilghk fl ck cflevk glecfxk, Fl cox FF,VV, jkw vlkckpek tpkdghgl df hoarkpkp cox pfxvctkdox o`tflgdox hol dgifpfltfxatodox df flxfkl~k df ck cfhtvpk, Fltpf cox fxtvdgox pfhgfltfx xfflhvfltpk fc pfkcg~kdo rop ck Khkdfagk Lkhgolkc df Hgflhgkx/ HolxfnoLkhgolkc df Glyfxtgekhgolfx# {vf# `kno fc kvxrghgo dfc Dfrkptkafltodf Fdvhkhgl# pfygx ax df 522 rv`cghkhgolfx, Ccfe k ck holhcvxgldf {vf fc pfholohgagflto df ckx rkck`pkx fxhpgtkx fx avw dgihgc xg loxf dgxrolf dfc holohgagflto df hao ckx cftpkx pfrpfxfltkl df iopakxgxtfatghk k cox xolgdox, Kdfax# xgl tkc holohgagflto lo fx roxg`cffc rpoepfxo fl fc krpfldg~knf, Xg vl lgo lo rvfdf krowkpxf fl fcrpglhgrgo kcik`tgho# fc pfholohgagflto df rkck`pkx xfp cflto w ckò!pgoxo# co {vf dgighvctkp ck hoarpflxgl df cox tfztox,

Kx agxao fc Rklfc Lkhgolkc xo`pf ck Cfhtvpk# opeklg~kdo rop fcGlxtgtvto Lkhgolkc df Xkcvd Glikltgc w Dfxkppocco Jvaklo# df FxtkdoxVlgdox# pfkcg~ vl aftkklcgxgx df vlk xfcfhhgl df 8: fxtvdgox `gflholtpockdox xo`pf glxtpvhhgl ilghk, Cox pfxvctkdox aoxtpkpol {vfck glxtpvhhgl ilghk xgxtfatghk kvafltk fc zgto df cox lgox fl fckrpfldg~knf df ck cfhtvpk w {vf pfxvctk xgelgighktgykafltf ax fifhtgyk

{vf ck glxtpvhhgl {vf glhcvwf rohk# o lglevlk# flxfkl~k ilghk,Otpk garoptkltf rv`cghkhgl kafpghklk# Jou Rxwhjocoeghkc XhgflhfGliopax tjf Tfkhjgle oi Pfkdgle# pfhoef vlk pfygxgl fzhfcfltf df coxdktox ax khtvkcfx w xgelgighktgyox fl fc tfak {vf lox ohvrk,


12/99

cffp fl ivlhgl df xvx gltfpfxfx wlfhfxgdkdfx,

Flxfkp k vl lgo k cffp holxgx!tf# rop lfhfxgdkd# fl kwvdkpco kfck`opkp vl rpohfxkdop df rkck`pkxfxhpgtkx kvtoaktg~kdo# rfpo fx tka!`gl flxfkpcf k flholtpkp ckx hck!yfx {vf rfpagtfl ck hoarpflxgldf cox tfztox w k `vxhkp gliopak!hgl gltfcgefltfafltf fl ivlhgldf xvx lfhfxgdkdfx, Fxtox actgrcfxkxrfhtox {vf fleco`k ck flxfkl~kdf ck cfhtvpk xol dfc todo dgifpfl!tfx w `vflk rkptf dfc df`ktf xo`pfcox atodox rpoygflf df {vf coxdfiflxopfx df vlo v otpo jk`ckl dfflxfkp k cffp jkhgfldo pfifpflhgkk hvfxtgolfx dgifpfltfx> hpfkp w kvto!aktg~kp fc rpohfxkdop df rkck`pkx

fxhpgtkx# rop vlk rkptf# w flxfkpcfkc lgo k xfpygpxf hol gltfcgeflhgkdf c# rop otpk,

Ck holhgflhgk ioloceghkFc rpohfxo df krpfldg~knf {vf ccfykk ck kd{vgxghgl df cox afhklgx!aox df gdfltgighkhgl df rkck`pkxfx vlo df cox afnop dohvafltkdoxdf ck rxghocoek hoelgtgyk, Fl fchkxo dfc cfhtop fzrfpto ygaox {vffzgxtfl dox rpohfdgagfltox rkpk ckgdfltgighkhgl df rkck`pkx fxhpgtkx#

vlo dgpfhto v optoepigho w otpogldgpfhto o iolocegho, Fl fxtf c!tgao hkxo fc xgxtfak ktpg`vwf io!lfakx k ckx cftpkx o epvrox df cf!tpkx# w rkpk krpfldfp k jkhfp fxtkorfpkhgl fc krpfldg~ tgflf {vfhoarpfldfp fc hdgeo kcik`tgho# co{vf cf fzgef jk`fp kgxckdo afltkc!afltf cox iolfakx, Xco kx fc lgoxfp hkrk~ df holhf`gp ckx rkck!`pkx xoc w eoc hoao iopakdkxhkdk vlk rop tpfx iolfakx# df coxhvkcfx fx fc rpgafpo fc {vf dgxtgl!evf vlk df otpk, Xf jk dkdo fc loa!`pf df holhgflhgk ioloceghk k fxtkhkrkhgdkd, Lo xf tpktk xco df ro!dfp dgxhpgaglkp kvdgtgykafltf rk!ck`pkx {vf rpfxfltkl dgifpflhgkx io!loceghkx algakx= fxtk ctgak

hkrkhgdkd iopak rkptf df cox af!hklgxaox df rpohfxkagflto dfc jk!`ck {vf xf dfxkppocckl df iopaklktvpkc w fc lgo ck roxff glhcvxokltfx df farf~kp k jk`ckp, Xg loivfpk kx# lo rodpk dgxtglevgp fl!tpf ckx rkck`pkx {vf owf w fxtk`cf!hfp hoppfxroldflhgkx xgxtfatghkxfltpf hkdk vlk df fcckx w xvx pf!ifpfltfx, Ck holhgflhgk ioloceghkxf dfxkppocck ax tkpdf w pf{vgfpfvl tgro df pficfzgl holxhgfltf {vfrfpagtk kgxckp afltkcafltf ckx vlg!

dkdfx ioloceghkx {vf holxtgtvwflckx rkck`pkx,

Hgfptox kxrfhtox df ck holhgflhgkioloceghk rpfhfdfl fl xv dfxkppo!cco kc krpfldg~knf df ck cfhtvpk, Kxxf jk dfaoxtpkdo {vf cox lgox rpf!cfhtopfx xol hkrkhfx df xfeafltkpvlk rkck`pk fl xck`kx dkldo vl eoc!rfhgto o rkcakdk rop xck`k, Holvlox rohox fnfarcox w kceo df fl!tpflkagflto ck akwopk df cox lgoxdf 4 w 6 kox xol hkrkhfx df jk!hfp fxtk tkpfk, Ck jgrtfxgx xgc!`ghk *hkdk xck`k tgflf {vf xfp pf!rpfxfltkdk rop vl xgelo epigho'#dfxhpgtk rop cox holxtpvhtgygxtkx# xf`kxk fl fxtk jk`gcgdkd, Fx fygdfltf{vf fc lgo lo rodpk dfxkppocckp ckjgrtfxgx xg lo ivfpk hkrk~ df hol!hf`gp fzrchgtkafltf ckx rkck`pkxhoao xfhvflhgkx df xck`kx, Ck hol!hgflhgk df otpox kxrfhtox ioloceg!

hox dfc jk`ck# tkcfx hoao ck pgak#tka`gl xf o`xfpykl kltfx df krpfl!dfp k cffp, Cox lgox rpfcfhtopfx xolhkrkhfx df pfkcg~kp tkpfkx {vf fzg!efl fxtk jk`gcgdkd, Rop fnfarco# xfcfx rpfxfltkl 8 dg`vnox# xoc# eocw akp# w xf cfx rgdf {vf gdfltgig!{vfl fc gltpvxo *akp fl fxtf hkxo'#rkpk co hvkc fc lgo tgflf {vf pf!holohfp {vf ckx rkck`pkx xoc weoc pgakl fltpf fcckx rfpo lo holakp,

Xgl fa`kpeo# ckx tkpfkx {vf fzg!efl ck xfeafltkhgl fl iolfakx xolavhjo ax dgihgcfx, Kx# ck xvrpf!xgl dfc iolfak glghgkc# tkpfk# hc!xghk fl fxtf doaglgo# fl ck {vf xfrporolf kc lgo vlk rkck`pk hoao/xoc/# k co {vf tgflf {vf pfxroldfp/oc/# lo fxt kc kchklhf df cox rpf!cfhtopfx, Fxtk tkpfk garcghk ck hol!hgflhgk iolaghk# {vf fx fc kxrfhtoax fzgefltf df ck holhgflhgk io!loceghk, Ck holhgflhgk iolaghk fxlfhfxkpgk rkpk ck hoarpflxgl dfchdgeo kcik`tgho# wk {vf rkpk fl!tfldfp co {vf pfrpfxfltkl ckx cftpkx

df vlk rkck`pk fxhpgtk fc krpfldg~tgflf {vf xfp hkrk~ df kgxckp afl!tkcafltf cox iolfakx hoppfxrol!dgfltfx fl ck rkck`pk jk`ckdk, Fxtkjk`gcgdkd lo xf dfxkppocck df ak!lfpk fxroltlfk# tkc hoao jkl ro!dgdo dfaoxtpkp fzrfpgafltkcafltfN, Aopkgx w xvx hock`opkdopfx holkdvctox gcftpkdox> ivfpol glhkrkhfxdf pfkcg~kp ck tkpfk df xvrpgagp fciolfak glghgkc, Rop fc holtpkpgo# vlepvro df kdvctox dfc agxao fl!toplo xohgkc {vf jk`kl xgdo kcik!

;2 GLYFXTGEKHGL W HGFLHGK# flfpo# 0226

8, KLTFX DF KRPFLDFP K CFFP cox lgox toakl holtkhto hol cox tfztox fxhpgtox, Xf

ikagcgkpg~kl hol cox pfcktox k tpkyx df cox hvfltox f jgxtopgkx {vf cfx cffl cox kdvctox,Krpfldfl xo`pf ck iopak epighk df ckx rkck`pkx w xv dgxroxghgl fl ckx reglkx# kd{vgf!pfl lvfyo yohk`vckpgo w lvfykx iopakx df fzrpfxgl {vf xol rporgkx dfc cflevknffxhpgto, Fxtox holohgagfltox dfxfarfkl vl rkrfc avw garoptkltf fl {vf ck cfhtvpk xfkvlk fzrfpgflhgk aotgykdopk w rcflk df xgelgighkdo,

NFXVXKCFEPGK#AKPGXOCHKPPGCCOWFAGCGOXKLHJF^


13/99

`ftg~kdox rvdo ccfykpck k hkò, Dfcagxao aodo# Hj, Pfkd w xvx ho!ckòpkdopfx dfaoxtpkpol {vf cox cfh!topfx hjglox {vf xco vtgcg~kl fcxgxtfak coeoepigho rporgo df fxtkcflevk# {vf lo pfrpfxfltk iolfakx#xol glhkrkhfx df pfkcg~kp ck tkpfkdf xvrpfxgl dfxhpgtk,

Fxtox pfxvctkdox tgflfl vlk glhg!dflhgk garoptkltf fl ck flxfkl~kdf ck cfhtvpk rvfxto {vf gldghkl>k' {vf ck holhgflhgk iolaghk lo xfdfxkppocck fxroltlfkafltf# `' {vfck fxtpvhtvpk iolaghk dfc jk`cktgflf {vf xfp fzrchgtkafltf pfyf!ckdk kc krpfldg~ cfhtop w h' {vf fxtolo ohvppf fl eflfpkc xg lo fx fl fcholtfzto dfc krpfldg~knf df ck cfh!tvpk fl vl xgxtfak kcik`tgho, Kdf!ax# glyfxtgekhgolfx hoao ck pfkcg!~kdk rop vlo df cox kvtopfx# NfxxKcfepk# w xvx hockòpkdopfx jkl

aoxtpkdo {vf ck flxfkl~k df ckcfhtvpk hol fc atodo eco`kc dvpkltffc rpgafp ko lo rfpagtf kc lgokd{vgpgp holhgflhgk iolaghk,

Tka`gl @, @wplf pfkcg~ vlk xf!pgf df fzrfpgafltox rop afdgo dfvlk yfpxgl df ckòpktopgo df ck fl!xfkl~k eco`kc df ck cfhtvpk# fl ck{vf flxfk`k k vlox rpffxhockpfx kafaopg~kp rkpfnkx df rkck`pkx tkcfxhoao ikt *eopdo'# kxohgldock holvl dg`vno {vf pfrpfxfltk`k vl lgoeopdo# w `kt *avphgckeo'# kxo!hgkdk kc dg`vno hoppfxroldgfltf, Rkpkyfpgighkp xg df fxtf krpfldg~knf fclgo rodk dfdvhgp fxroltlfkafltf{vf ck cftpk i df ikt hoppfxroldkkc iolfak /i/# rvfxto {vf fx fc xo!lgdo {vf dgxtglevf ikt df `kt# fckvtop rporolk kc lgo vlk lvfykrkck`pk fxhpgtk# ivl *dgyfpxgl'# wcf rpfevltk`k xg kj dfhk /ivl/ o/`vl/ *òhkdgcco' , Cox rpfcfhtopfxivfpol glhkrkhfx df jkhfp fxtk tpklx!ifpflhgk, Kdfax# vlk xfpgf df hol!tpocfx fzrfpgafltkcfx xvrcfafltk!pgox rfpagtgfpol holhcvgp {vf fxtk

glhkrkhgdkd fx df`gdk k ck ikctk dfholhgflhgk iolaghk fl cox krpfl!dghfx# wk {vf fxtox agxaox lgoxfpkl hkrkhfx df pfkcg~kp tkpfkx f{vg!ykcfltfx hol vlgdkdfx {vf pfrpf!xfltk`kl rkck`pkx w lo iolfakx,

Rop otpk rkptf# cox fxtvdgox col!egtvdglkcfx *fx dfhgp# {vf holtglklk co ckpeo dfc tgfaro' dfc fltpflk!agflto aftkiolocegho fl dgxtgltkxcflevkx kcik`tghkx# glhcvgdo fc fx!rkoc# jkl rfpagtgdo dfaoxtpkp {vfck pfckhgl fltpf ck holhgflhgk io!

loceghk w fc krpfldg~knf df ck cfh!tvpk fx df tgro hkvxkc> fc fltpflk!agflto df rpffxhockpfx fl tkpfkx {vfdfxkppocckl ck holhgflhgk ioloceghkikyopfhf ck kd{vgxghgl df ck cfh!tvpk w ck fxhpgtvpk= kx o`tgflfl pf!xvctkdox xvrfpgopfx k cox df vl epvrodf holtpoc {vf pfhg`f vl fltpflk!agflto hvkltgtktgykafltf f{vgyk!cfltf rfpo xgl pfckhgl hol ck io!locoek,

Df khvfpdo hol cox pfxvctkdoxkltfpgopfx# cox atodox ilghox tgf!lfl vlk yfltknk pfxrfhto k cox a!todox df flio{vf eco`kc# fl ck af!dgdk fl {vf fargf~kl tfarpklo kfzrcghgtkp fc hdgeo kcik`tgho#kroptldocf kc krpfldg~ vlk iopakkvtloak df cffp todkx ckx rkck!`pkx {vf flhvfltpf, Fx fygdfltf#xgl fa`kpeo# {vf ck hoarpflxgldfc hdgeo kcik`tgho fx lfhfxkpgk

rfpo lo xvighgfltf rkpk coepkp vlrpohfxkdop df rkck`pkx kvtoaktg!~kdo, Ck kvtoaktg~khgl dfc pfho!lohgagflto df rkck`pkx fxhpgtkx pf!{vgfpf vlk rphtghk rpocolekdk dfck cfhtvpk= cox tpk`knox fzrfpgafl!tkcfx avfxtpkl {vf fx ck rporgk kh!tgygdkd df cffp ck {vf rfpagtf kc!hkl~kp fxtf pfxvctkdo, Kx# fc jfhjodf gdfltgighkp vlk rkck`pk fl fc hvpxodf ck cfhtvpk tgflf vl do`cf fifhto,Rop vl ckdo# kvtoaktg~k fc rpohfxodf flxka`cknf iolocegho w# rop otpo#hpfk roho k roho ckx pfrpfxfltk!hgolfx optoepighkx df ckx rkck`pkxcfdkx# fx dfhgp# flholtpkdkx f gdfl!tgighkdkx, Fxtkx pfrpfxfltkhgolfx op!toepighkx xol ckx {vf rfpagtgpl ckgdfltgighkhgl dgpfhtk df tkcfx rkck!`pkx fl flhvfltpox vctfpgopfx, Fxtffx fc ivldkaflto df ck lohgl dfkvtokrpfldg~knf# vl afhklgxao{vf fzrcghk hao fc krpfldg~ df cfh!top# fl ck afdgdk fl {vf dgxrolekdf cox afhklgxaox ioloceghox df`kxf {vf cf rfpagtkl gdfltgighkp rk!ck`pkx fxhpgtkx# rodp rop x xoco af!

nopkp fc ivlhgolkagflto df xv rpo!hfxkdop df rkck`pkx,

Rfpo fxtk fyocvhgl fx ckpek# w kxvlo df cox kvtopfx# Fagcgo Xlhjf~#hol xvx hockòpkdopfx# jk aoxtpkdofl vl pfhgfltf fxtvdgo {vf ck jk`g!cgdkd df cox lgox rkpk cffp rkck!`pkx kgxckdkx *pkrgdf~ w fzkhtgtvd'kc hkò df xfgx kox df fxhockpgdkdrpfxfltk kl dgifpflhgkx gldgygdvk!cfx garoptkltfx, Tkcfx dgifpflhgkxevkpdkl vlk ivfptf hoppfckhgl holck hoarpflxgl df tfztox rporgox

df fxf lgyfc fxhockp= ck pfckhgl xfakltgflf kvl{vf xf fcgaglf ck gl!icvflhgk df otpkx ykpgk`cfx {vf tka!`gl gltfpygflfl fl ck hoarpflxgldf cox tfztox# tkcfx hoao cox holo!hgagfltox rpfygox xo`pf fc tfak# ckafaopgk df tpk`kno w ck hkrkhgdkdrkpk orfpkp hol akphkdopfx dgxhvp!xgyox, Fxtox pfxvctkdox dfavfxtpkl{vf ck fighkhgk dfc rpohfxkdop dfrkck`pkx lo fx kl rfpifhtk fl kc!evlox kcvalox kc hkò df xfgx koxdf rphtghk w {vf fc lgyfc df fig!hkhgk kchkl~kdo dftfpaglk# fl epklafdgdk# ck jk`gcgdkd df hoarpfl!xgl df tfztox dfc krpfldg~,

Vl kpevaflto hoarcfafltkpgofl ikyop df ck vtgcg~khgl tfarpk!lk dfc hdgeo kcik`tgho fx fc cckak!do fifhto Xkl Aktfo# hol fc {vfM, Xtkloyghj fzrcghk {vf ckx dgif!pflhgkx gldgygdvkcfx kc rpglhgrgo dfc

krpfldg~knf df ck cfhtvpk xf khfltkl#fl yf~ df pfdvhgpxf# hol ck fxhock!pgdkd, Hoao fl ck rkpòck ``cghkdf cox tkcfltox# cox `vflox cfhtopfxrpoepfxkl ax prgdo {vf cox ak!cox xgarcfafltf rop{vf cffl ax,Df fxtk iopak# cox krpfldghfx k cox{vf xf cfx ikhgcgtk ck kd{vgxghgldfc hdgeo kcik`tgho xf holygfptflrpolto fl cfhtopfx kvtloaox# w fxtkyfltknk# {vf cfx rfpagtf cffp afnopwk dfxdf fc glghgo# holxtgtvwf vlkrodfpoxk aotgykhgl rkpk cffp ax,Cox rpoepfxox kx kchkl~kdox cfx ykldgxtklhgkldo hkdk yf~ ax df coxkrpfldghfx {vf lo jkl pfhg`gdo ckkwvdk lfhfxkpgk rkpk doaglkp fchdgeo kcik`tgho,

Dgighvctkdfx rkpk krpfldfp k cffpCk pfckhgl fxtpfhjk fltpf holhgfl!hgk ioloceghk w cfhtvpk xf pficfnkfl {vf ck rpgafpk holxtgtvwf fc af!nop rpfdghtop {vf xf holohf dfc zgtofl ck xfevldk, Kdfax# dgxrolfaoxdf k`vldkltfx dktox farpghox {vfdfavfxtpkl {vf kcevlox lgox gl!

tfcgefltfx# hkrkhfx df pfkcg~kp krpfl!dg~knfx hoarcfnox# df kpgtatghk ropfnfarco# tgflfl dgighvctkdfx xfpgkxrkpk krpfldfp k cffp# co {vf df!avfxtpk {vf ck gltfcgeflhgk lo holx!tgtvwf vlk ekpkltk df zgto fl fckrpfldg~knf df ck cfhtvpk, Fxtox dk!tox xvegfpfl {vf krpfldfp k cffp fxkceo rkptghvckp# {vf pf{vgfpf hkrk!hgdkdfx fxrfhighkx gllfhfxkpgkx rkpkotpox krpfldg~knfx= kdfax# todo rk!pfhf gldghkp {vf fxtkx hkrkhgdkdfxxol df lktvpkcf~k ioloceghk,

GLYFXTGEKHGL W HGFLHGK# flfpo# 0226 ;;


14/99

Ck dfiglghgl hcxghk df ck dgxcf!zgk holxgdfpk fxtk dfighgflhgk hoaovlk dgighvctkd fxrfhighk dfc rpohf!xkagflto df ck cflevk fxhpgtk# fx df!hgp# {vf ohvppf fl kvxflhgk df rpo!`cfakx hol ck cflevk opkc, Fxtklohgl fpk hoarktg`cf# fl rpglhgrgo#hol ck gdfk df {vf cox dgxczghoxflholtpkpkl rpo`cfakx fl ck kd!{vgxghgl df ck holhgflhgk ioloc!eghk# rfpo lo tfldpkl rpo`cfakx io!loceghox df `kxf {vf dgighvctfl ckrfphfrhgl w rpodvhhgl dfc jk`ck,Jow xf khvavckl dktox holyfpefl!tfx {vf avfxtpkl {vf cox dgxczghoxtka`gl tgflfl dfighgflhgkx ioloc!eghkx xvtgcfx fl fc rpohfxkagflto dfcjk`ck# xg gfl fxtkx dfighgflhgkx xcokrkpfhfl fl holdghgolfx fzrfpg!afltkcfx rkptghvckpfx ax fzgefl!tfx {vf ckx lktvpkcfx df kvdghgl,

Tka`gl fx dfighgfltf fl cox dgxc!zghox ck afaopgk df tpk`kno `kxkdkfl ck iolocoek# {vf rfpagtf gltf!epkp ckx rkck`pkx fl ipkxfx, Fxtk df!ighgflhgk xf aklgigfxtk ax k ckx hck!pkx fl fc rpohfxkagflto df ck cflevkfxhpgtk {vf fl fc dfc jk`ck# rop{vfck rpgafpk pfrpfxfltk vlk hkpek dfafaopgk xvrfpgop k ck xfevldk# fx!rfhgkcafltf hvkldo cox rpohfxoxdf gdfltgighkhgl df ckx rkck`pkxfxhpgtkx lo jkl xgdo kvtoaktg~kdox#hoao fx fc hkxo df cox dgxczghox,

Pfxrkcdkl ck fzrcghkhgl df ck dgx!cfzgk fl hvklto dfighgflhgk iolo!ceghk eflfpkc *w lo fzhcvxgykafltfcgekdk k ck cfhtvpk' kcevlkx tkpfkxholhf`gdkx rkpk fykcvkp ck khhfxg!`gcgdkd df ckx pfrpfxfltkhgolfx io!loceghkx dfc jk`ck, Xf jk dfaox!tpkdo# rop fnfarco# {vf cox dgxczghoxxol ax cfltox {vf cox cfhtopfx lop!akcfx fl tkpfkx holxgxtfltfx fl loa!`pkp gaeflfx# kx hoao fl tkpfkxdf icvgdf~ yfp`kc fl ckx {vf xf cfxrgdf {vf dgekl tkltox loa`pfx hoaorvfdkl# rfptflfhgfltfx k vl hkaroxfaltgho dftfpaglkdo *rop fnfa!rco# loa`pfx df klgakcfx'# fl vltgfaro cgagtkdo,

Df holiopagdkd hol fxtk hol!hfrhgl df ck dgxcfzgk# xf jk ro!dgdo dfaoxtpkp kxgagxao {vf fl!tpflkp ck holhgflhgk ioloceghk df

cox lgox {vf rpfxfltkl dgighvctk!dfx df krpfldg~knf df ck cfhtvpk rpo!dvhf `flfighgox krpfhgk`cfx,

Ckx dgighvctkdfx df cox dgxczg!hox pfcktgykx k ck holhgflhgk io!loceghk w# holxfhvfltfafltf# k ckcfhtvpk xfpkl fc pfxvctkdo df fxtkdfighgflhgk ioloceghk ax `xghkhvwk fzgxtflhgk rvfdf o`xfpykpxfgldfrfldgfltfafltf df ck khtgygdkdcfhtopk, Kx# fl vlk xohgfdkd xgl fx!hpgtvpk xf rodpk xfp dgxczghoxgl xk`fpco,

Krpfldfp k cffp fl fxrkoc@vflk rkptf df cox pfxvctkdox fzk!aglkdox jkxtk kjopk xf jkl o`tf!lgdo hol fc glecx# rop co {vf hk`frpfevltkplox xg rvfdfl xfp tpkxck!dkdox# xgl ax# k otpkx cflevkx wfl rkptghvckp kc hkxtfccklo# hvwk fx!hpgtvpk pficfnk df aklfpk ax igfcck iolocoek,

Cox xgxtfakx df fxhpgtvpk hol op!toepkik kcik`tghk rvfdfl hckxgig!hkpxf fl xvrfpighgkcfx w rpoivldox#xfel pfxrftfl fl akwop o aflopepkdo ck holxgxtflhgk df ckx hoppfx!roldflhgkx fltpf epkifakx w iolf!akx# fxto fx# {vf k hkdk iolfak cfhoppfxroldk vl lgho w fxrfhighoepkifak, Fltpf cox rpgafpox# tka!`gl dfloaglkdox tpklxrkpfltfx# xfflhvfltpkl fc fxrkoc# fc kcfal wvlkx hvkltkx cflevkx ax {vf ro!xffl xgxtfakx ioloceghkafltf hol!

xgxtfltfx, Cox xgxtfakx rpoivldox vorkhox rpfxfltkl fl akwop o af!lop afdgdk gppfevckpgdkdfx fl ckxhoppfxroldflhgkx ioloceghkx df`gdofl rkptf k {vf tka`gl pfrpfxfltklvlgdkdfx aopioceghkx= fx fc hkxodfc glecx w fc ipklhx# rop fnfa!rco, Kx# fl glecx# fc rkxkdo dfcox yfp`ox pfevckpfx xf fxhpg`f kepf!ekldo fd kc gliglgtgyo *to ukcm]hkaglkpQ ! ukcmfd ]hkaglk`kQ'# rfpofxtk tfpaglkhgl rvfdf rpolvlhgkpxfdf tpfx iopakx dgifpfltfx> /t/# /d/ f/gd/# co {vf hpfk vlk gppfevckpgdkdfl ck tpkdvhhgl ioloceghk kc akl!tflfpxf ck tfpaglkhgl optoepighkigfc k ck aopiocoek yfp`kc, Hvkldock iolocoek w ck aopiocoek fxtlfl holtpkdghhgl# hoao fl fxtf hkxo#fc glecx tgfldf k xkhpgighkp ck rpg!afpk fl `flfighgo df ck xfevldk,Kx rop fnfarco ck k df lktvpfxf rpolvlhgk /fg/ agfltpkx {vf ckagxak cftpk fl lktvpkc xf rpo!lvlhgk //, Fxtk ikctk df pfevckpg!dkd fl fc rcklo iolocegho *ck agxakcftpk pfrpfxfltkldo iolfakx dgif!

pfltfx' rpfxfpyk fc rkpfltfxho aop!iocegho fltpf ckx rkck`pkx lktvpfw lktvpkc, Fl fxrkoc# rop fc hol!tpkpgo# lox toakaox `kxtkltfx axcg`fptkdfx hol ck aopiocoek rkpkrpfxfpykp ck iolocoek *rop fnfarcofc agxao pkdghkc co fxhpg`gaox hole fl rpotfefp w hol n fl rpo!tfno# hol ~ fl hk~k w hol hfl hkhfpk',

Kdfax# vlk dgifpflhgk lotk`cffltpf ck iolocoek dfc glecx w ckdfc fxrkoc# {vf tgflf holxfhvfl!


TGLKUFXT

4, FL FC AFTODO IOLGHO xf flxfk dgpfhtkafltf k kxohgkp cftpkx w xolgdox, Actgrcfxfxtvdgox rkpfhfl dfaoxtpkp {vf# glhcvxo fl glecx# xtf fx vl rkxo lfhfxkpgo,


15/99

hgkx garoptkltfx fl fc lgyfc op!toepigho# fx ck dgxtgltk pg{vf~k dfcox xgxtfakx yohcghox df fxtkx cfl!evkx, Fc glecx tgflf ax df vlkdfhflk df iolfakx yohcghox w xcovtgcg~k ckx cftpkx k# f# g# o# v hc!xghkafltf dfxtglkdkx k ck pfrpf!xfltkhgl df yohkcfx, Fcco jkhf {vffxtkx cftpkx# xockx o hoa`glkdkx#tflekl {vf hvarcgp ivlhgolfx ac!tgrcfx w# hoao pfxvctkdo# {vf xfrpodv~hkl glholxgxtflhgkx, Rop fcholtpkpgo# fc fxrkoc xco roxffhglho iolfakx yohcghox w fxto cfrfpagtf fxtk`cfhfp vlk pfckhgl`gvlyohk fltpf iolfakx w cftpkx*k fzhfrhgl dfc epkifak w# holfc {vf k yfhfx xf pfrpfxfltk kc io!lfak /g/',

Fx gltfpfxkltf kepfekp {vf fxtk xg!tvkhgl tgflf glhgdflhgk fl ck fl!xfkl~k dfc hdgeo kcik`tgho# dkdo

{vf ckx yohkcfx xf rpfxtkl afnop {vfckx holxolkltfx rkpk kd{vgpgp hol!hgflhgk iolaghk, Fc aotgyo fx {vfckx rpgafpkx tgflfl vlk dvpkhgl ak!wop w rvfdfl rpolvlhgkpxf kgxckdk!afltf *xf cf rvfdf fzrcghkp kc krpfl!dg~ {vf /rkl/ tgflf vlk /kkkkk/ rfpoxfp dgihgc {vf fltgfldk {vf tka!`gl tgflf vlk /r/# garoxg`cf df rpo!lvlhgkp xg lo fx kepfekldo vlk yo!hkc o df aklfpk dgxtopxgolkdk', Kxrvfx# fc fxtk`cfhgagflto df ck pfck!hgl fltpf cox iolfakx w ckx cftpkxhoppfxroldgfltfx xf yf ikhgcgtkdo xgxf hoagfl~k rop ckx yohkcfx# w xfrvfdf fxrfpkp {vf fxtf rpgafp rkxokwvdf kc lgo k ck jopk df eflfpk!cg~kp fc hdgeo k ckx holxolkltfx,Ck xgtvkhgl fx roho ikyopk`cf flglecx rop{vf# xg `gfl ckx yohkcfxrvfdfl xfp kgxckdkx hoao fl fxrkoc#ck pfckhgl `kxtkltf ax hoarcfnk{vf fzgxtf fltpf fcckx w ckx cftpkx{vf ckx pfrpfxfltkl jkhf {vf fc ro!tflhgkc dgdhtgho df ckx yohkcfx df!xkrkpf~hk, Rop otpk rkptf# kvl{vfck optoepkik dfc glecx xfk `kxtkltf

ax hojfpfltf fl co {vf pfxrfhtk kckx holxolkltfx# lo rvfdf fcvdgpxffc rpo`cfak df {vf hvfxtk ax kgx!ckp xtkx,

Ck holhcvxgl df fxtf klcgxgx fx{vf ck kd{vgxghgl dfc hdgeo kc!ik`tgho tgflf {vf xfp ax ihgc flfxrkoc {vf fl glecx rop{vf fl fx!rkoc fx ax holxgxtfltf, Kjopk`gfl# xg fc hdgeo kcik`tgho jk df!aoxtpkdo xv fighgflhgk fl glecx krfxkp df xv pfcktgyk ikctk df rpo!dvhtgygdkd# xf rvfdf fxrfpkp# fl hol!

xfhvflhgk# {vf fl xgxtfakx xvrfpig!hgkcfx o tpklxrkpfltfx hoao fl fc fx!rkoc fxtf hdgeo xfk k ioptgopgax fighgfltf,

Fl fxtk clfk# cox tpk`knox hoa!rkpktgyox fltpf xgxtfakx optoepighoxdgifpfltfx gldghkl {vf ck kd{vgxghgldf ck cfhtvpk fx ax prgdk fl vlxgxtfak tpklxrkpfltf, Rop fnfarco#J, Ugaafp w V, Eoxukag jkl df!aoxtpkdo {vf ck cfhtvpk df cox loa!`pfx df cox lafpox fl glecx *vlkcgxtk hoao tjpff# tuo# fgejt# fth,' fxcfltk w kl rckltfk rpo`cfakx k fx!hockpfx df tfphfp ko, Fl kcfal*xgxtfak tpklxrkpfltf'# rop fc hol!tpkpgo# fxtk jk`gcgdkd fxt `gfl fxtk!`cfhgdk k iglfx dfc rpgafp ko dffxhvfck# fx dfhgp# ax df dox koxkltfx {vf fl glecx, Ck dgifpflhgkfltpf cox dox xgxtfakx fx df`gdk kck dgxtgltk hoarcfngdkd dfc hdgeo w

lo# rop fnfarco# k rpo`cfakx df rpo!lvlhgkhgl {vf glicvwfpkl fl coxpfxvctkdox, Rkpk holtpockp fxtf w#fyfltvkcafltf# otpox ikhtopfx lo rfp!tglfltfx cox lgox {vf rkptghgrkpolfl fc fzrfpgaflto tflkl {vf cffptka`gl ckx hgipkx hoppfxroldgfltfx*8# 0# :# fth,'# co {vf rolk k klec!iolox w efpakliolox fl ckx agx!akx holdghgolfx, Fxtk xgtvkhgl fz!rfpgafltkc lo dgo cvekp k dgifpflhgkxfltpf cflevkx= xf avfxtpk kx {vf ckpkrgdf~ df krpfldg~knf fxt cgekdk kck akwop o aflop tpklxrkpflhgk dfchdgeo iolocegho,

Lvfxtpox rporgox tpk`knox# hoa!rkpkldo ck pkrgdf~ df ck kd{vgxg!hgl df ck optoepkik czghk flipklhx *xgxtfak rpoivldo' w fl fx!rkoc# holigpakl co o`xfpykdo flck cfhtvpk, Dghjox tpk`knox tgflflfl hvfltk fc jfhjo df {vf ck opto!epkik dfc fxrkoc# k rfxkp df xvhkphtfp eco`kcafltf tpklxrkpfltf#tgflf vl lafpo pfcktgykafltf ga!roptkltf df glhojfpflhgkx {vf hkv!xkl dgighvctkdfx fl ck fxhpgtvpk,

Rop fnfarco# ckx xck`kx /zf/!/zg/xf rvfdfl fxhpg`gp hol e o holn= ck j glghgkc fx avdk w ropholxgevgfltf lo rvfdf xfp dfdvhgdkdf ck iolocoek, Fxtkx glhojfpfl!hgkx xol fxtpghtkafltf gdltghkx flckx dox cflevkx hoarkpkdkx> fxhpg!`gp hocfe_go# w jk`gtkhgl fl fx!rkoc w hocce_f o jk`gtktgolfl ipklhx dfrfldf df ck roxfxgldf vlk pfrpfxfltkhgl afaopg~kdkdf fxtkx rkck`pkx fl fc czgho op!toepigho# co {vf k xv yf~ fxt fl

ivlhgl df ck ipfhvflhgk hol ck{vf k{vfcckx rkck`pkx jkwkl xgdoflholtpkdkx fl cox tfztox cfdox ropcox lgox, Cox pfxvctkdox avfxtpkl{vf avhjkx df fxtkx rkck`pkx wkxol ikagcgkpfx# w rop tklto fxhpgtkxhoppfhtkafltf rop cox krpfldghfx#kc hk`o df rohox afxfx df fxhock!pgdkd hol atodox ilghox fl fx!rkoc# w {vf jkw {vf fxrfpkp axdf vl ko rkpk o`xfpykpco fl ipkl!hx, Tkc pfxvctkdo fx fl hgfpto ao!do rkpkdngho# xg xf rgflxk {vf fchdgeo iolocegho fx holxgdfpk!`cfafltf ax fighgfltf fl fxrkoc{vf fl ipklhx# co {vf rodpk ccf!ykp kc cfhtop jgxrklojk`ckltf k `k!xkpxf fzhcvxgykafltf fl fc hdgeow lo dkpcf garoptklhgk k ck fxhpg!tvpk cfzghkc# hvkltgtktgykafltf af!lox garoptkltf {vf fl ipklhx,Rkpfhf# rop tklto# {vf fc czgho op!

toepigho xf dfxkppocck ax prgdofl fxrkoc {vf fl ipklhx w ck yfl!tknk df cox jgxrklojk`ckltfx# hoa!rkpkdox hol cox ipklhiolox# rpo!ygflf rpo`k`cfafltf df {vf coxrpgafpox krpfldfl k cffp ax rpolto{vf cox xfevldox w cox lgox {vf cfflkltfx rvfdfl cffp ax w fc afhk!lgxao df kvtokrpfldg~knf dfxkppo!cck ck cfhtvpk w ck optoepkik cfzg!hkc hol ax pkrgdf~,

Ck holhcvxgl df cox tpk`knox hoa!rkpktgyox gldghk {vf dgxrolfp prg!dkafltf df vl hdgeo ioloceghofighk~ dfxfarfk vl rkrfc roxgtgyofl fc rpohfxo df krpfldg~knf df ckcfhtvpk w ck fxhpgtvpk, Kjopk `gfl#cox tpk`knox pfkcg~kdox rkpk hoark!pkp atodox df flxfkl~k df ck cfh!tvpk fl glecx holhcvwfl {vf fl!xfkp fc hdgeo iolocegho ikyopfhffc krpfldg~knf k rfxkp df {vf fc h!dgeo lo xfk avw rpodvhtgyo, Rkpfhfroho pk~olk`cf rflxkp {vf flxfkpfc hdgeo iolocegho fl xgxtfakx op!toepighox hoao fc dfc fxrkoc o fckcfal# fl cox hvkcfx fx xvakafl!

tf fighgfltf# rvfdk tflfp vl fifhtolfektgyo, Rop fc holtpkpgo# fc pk~olk!agflto `kxkdo fl ck gdfk df kvto!krpfldg~knf *k cffp xf krpfldf cf!wfldo' xvegfpf {vf hvklto kltfx fclgo xfk hkrk~ df cffp df aklfpkkvtloak tfldp akwop yfltknk# w{vf rporophgolkpcf ck hckyf dfc h!dgeo# xo`pf todo hvkldo xtf fx fig!hk~# yk k holtpg`vgp k jkhfp df cvl cfhtop kvtloao w kx xv rporgorpoifxop, Xg xf rvfdf fltfldfp {vfcox rfdkeoeox df ck cfhtvpk fl glecx

GLYFXTGEKHGL W HGFLHGK# flfpo# 0226 ;8


16/99

xf jkwkl rckltfkdo fc rpo!`cfak df dfhgdgp hvldo fz!rolfp kc lgo k vl xgxtfakdf pfeckx hoarcfno w rohorpodvhtgyo# rkpfhf ax dgi!hgc fltfldfp {vf ckx cflevkx{vf roxffl vl xgxtfak tpklx!rkpfltf lo xf krpoyfhjfl dfxv ioptvlk,

Vlk doxgighkhgl kpalghkVlk doxgighkhgl kpalghk dfglepfdgfltfx df opgefl ho!avlghktgyo w df opgefl i!lgho lox rkpfhf gldgxrflxk!`cf rkpk kipoltkp fc rpoepkakegekltfxho df flxfkp k cffpk todox cox lgox, Lglel a!todo fzhcvwfltf rvfdf rpf!tfldfp hv`pgp ck totkcgdkd dfcrpowfhto, Hkdk vlk df ckx ik!agcgkx df atodox xf hfltpk

fl kxrfhtox fxrfhighox f ga!roptkltfx, Ck xfdvhhgl {vffnfphf fc cflevknf gltfepkdofl fc afdgo fdvhktgyo fx hoa!rpflxg`cf w cfetgak, Hoppfx!roldf k vlk igcoxoik df ck flxfkl!~k fl ck hvkc xf cf dk kc krpfldg~vl rkrfc khtgyo w kc akfxtpo vlkxflxg`gcgdkd kevdk k cox xgelox {vfgldghkl dldf xf xgtk fzkhtkafltffc kcvalo,

Fx k yfhfx dgihgc fltfldfp ck o`x!tglkhgl df kcevlox dfiflxopfx dfccflevknf gltfepkdo holtpk ck iolo!coek, Ck iolocoek fx vl kxrfhtodf ck cflevk# hoao ck xgltkzgx w ckxfaltghk# w hoao tkc# iopak rkptfdf ckx kd{vgxghgolfx {vf fc lgo tgflf{vf pfkcg~kp rkpk fck`opkp vlk hol!hfrhgl kdfhvkdk df co fxhpgto, Jkw{vf xfkckp {vf ck iolocoek fx fcfcfaflto fxrfhigho ivldkafltkc dfck cflevk fxhpgtk# rvfxto {vf fxtik`pghkdk hol cftpkx {vf pfrpfxfl!tkl cox iolfakx, Ck kxgagckhgl rpo!epfxgyk df co fxhpgto# k ck {vf fc lgoxf fltpfek fl vl holtfzto fdvhktgyo

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17/99


18/99

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19/99

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20/99

;: GLYFXTGEKHGL W HGFLHGK# flfpo# 0226

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21/99

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xvx rghox df dflxgdkd dgifpkl flkrflkx vlk rkptf fl hgfl agc dfcrpoafdgo hxagho, Rfpo ccfe vlaoaflto fl {vf ck xork fyocvhgoljkhgk vl fxtkdo avw epvaoxo#doldf tgpkx dflxkx df ekckzgkx wekx xvphk`kl ckx ykxtkx fztflxgo!lfx df fxrkhgo, Jow dk# fc pkleodf dflxgdkdfx fx avhjxgao ak!wop> 80 pdflfx df akelgtvd ykldf ck dflxgdkd ktaghk dfc gltf!pgop dfc Xoc k ck dfc fxrkhgo gltfp!ekchtgho,

Xf hpff {vf fxtk tpklxghgl df cojoaoelfo k co epvaoxo xf df`gk ck epkyfdkd, Gakeglfaox vlk hknkhol vlk dgxtpg`vhgl vlgiopaf dfaktfpgk tkc# {vf ck dflxgdkd df ckxrkpthvckx xfk holxtkltf, Xvrolek!aox {vf# fl vl rvlto df ck hknk#ckx rkpthvckx xf kegtkl rop kcevlkpk~l w xf rpodvhf vl cgefpo kvafl!to df dflxgdkd, Fxtk lvfyk holhfl!

tpkhgl df aktfpgk fnfphfp vlk ivfp!~k epkygtktopgk {vf ktpkfp jkhgk xckx rkpthvckx hocgldkltfx, Ck ak!tfpgk rpfhgrgtkdk kvafltkp ck akxkdfc epvao# co {vf k xv yf~ glhpf!afltkp xv ktpkhhgl epkygtktopgk#hkfp ax aktfpgk w kx xvhfxgyk!afltf, Hol tgfaro xvighgfltf# fc rf!{vfo glhpfaflto df dflxgdkd opg!eglkc xf tpklxiopakp fl vl dflxo


4, FC FXRFHTPO GLTPGLXFHO df vl hvxkp *kppg`k' fzjg`f ck hkltgdkd df cv~ {vffagtg k dgifpfltfx colegtvdfx df oldk, Rpodvnfpol fc rgho hfltpkc cox toaox df jgdp!eflo# hol xv fagxgl df iotolfx df vlk colegtvd df oldk df ;0;#6952; lklaftpox,Pfhg`f fc loa`pf df clfk df fagxgl df Cwakl!, K{v krkpfhf fl 692 lklaftpoxrop{vf ck fzrklxgl dfc vlgyfpxo dfxrck~k ck cv~ k akwopfx colegtvdfx df oldk# dfxdffc vctpkygocftk jkhgk fc pono, K afdgdk {vf ck cv~ dfc hvxkp ktpkygfxk fc afdgo gltfp!ekchtgho# xtf yk aopdgfldo fc fxrfhtpo *hfltpo# `ox{vf df pkwkx k ck g~{vgfpdk dfc

rgho'# rop{vf ckx lv`fx df jgdpeflo gltfprvfxtkx k`xop`fl ck cv~ cohkcafltf k ck col!egtvd df oldk df ;0;#6952; lklaftpox= rfpo hoao fxtkx k`xophgolfx ohvppfl k dgif!pfltfx dgxtklhgkx df ck Tgfppk# xf eflfpk fc `ox{vf df Cwakl!, Kcevlox fcfafltoxrfxkdox tka`gl k`xop`fl iotolfx k akwopfx colegtvdfx df oldk# kkdgfldo ckx rohkxclfkx df k`xophgl {vf xf o`xfpykl k ck dfpfhjk dfc rgho, Fl cox ctgaox kox# coxfxrfhtpox df kctk pfxocvhgl *k`kno' jkl rfpagtgdo fxtvdgkp lv`f k lv`f fc afdgo gltfp!

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962

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TOAD



22/99

epvao {vf holtfldp ck akwop rkptfdf ck akxk {vf kltfx xf pfrkptkrop todo fc yocvafl,

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fxf ioldo df aghpooldkx fx# jowrop jow# vlo df cox kxvltox axgaroptkltfx df ck glyfxtgekhgl kx!tpoixghk# wk {vf xvx rf{vfkx rfp!tvp`khgolfx pfrpfxfltkl ckx kltgevkxxfagcckx epkygtktopgkx df ck fxtpvh!tvpk hxaghk,

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pgkhgolfx rpgaopdgkcfx fpkl tkl rf!{vfkx# {vf ;8,522 agccolfx df koxlo `kxtkl rkpk {vf hpfhgfpkl jkxtkhpfkp ckx flxka`ckdvpkx khtvkcfx,Fxtf dgcfak pfhg`g epkl ktflhgldvpkltf cox kox xftfltk# {vg~xkcgafltkdo rop ck roctghk df ckEvfppk Ipk, Fltpkpol fl cg~k doxtfopkx rkpk fzrcghkp ck iopakhgldf ckx fxtpvhtvpkx# vlk holhf`gdkrop Wkmoy ^fcdoyghj# df ck FxhvfckPvxk df Kxtpoixghk df Aoxh# wotpk rop Nkafx Rff`cfx w xv epvro#


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TOAD



23/99

df ck Vlgyfpxgdkd df Rpglhftol, Coxdf`ktfx roxtfpgopfx rvxgfpol df ak!lgigfxto ck ipkegcgdkd df ka`kx tfo!pkx, Ck xocvhgl fzgek vl lvfyoglepfdgfltf fl cox aodfcox hoxao!ceghox# kc {vf xf dfloagl ak!tfpgk oxhvpk, Fx vlo df cox epkldfxdfxhv`pgagfltox df ck hoxaocoekaodfplk,

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Fl pfckhgl k fxtf ctgao rvlto#yocykaox k ck lgf~ dfc vlgyfpxo,Dvpkltf cox rpgafpox 8:2,222 kox#fc hkcop pfxgdvkc df ck epkl fzrco!xgl akltvyo hkcgfltf fc vlgyfpxo*ax df 8222 mfcygl'= rop fxo agxao#cox fcfhtpolfx w rpotolfx df ck xorkrpgaopdgkc lo rodkl hoa`glkpxfrkpk iopakp toaox df jgdpeflolfvtpo, Fxtf tgro df ekx golg~kdo#iopakdo rop fcfhtpolfx dgxohgkdoxw rpotolfx# xf dfloaglk rckxak,Hvkldo ckx rkpthvckx dfc rckxakfxtl cg`pfx# gltfphka`gkl flfpekw aoaflto hol ck cv~, Fl cox rpg!afpox tgfarox dfc vlgyfpxo# fxk dgx!

rfpxgl kvaflt dfltpo df ck xorkhxaghk ck rpfxgl dfc ekx, Rop cotklto# hvkldo ck epkyfdkd gltfltk`khoarpgagp ckx rpgafpkx rfptvp`k!hgolfx df dflxgdkd# ck rpfxgl ek!xfoxk holtpkppfxtk`k xv fifhto# kcgevkc {vf vl eco`o hvkldo xf cofxtpvnk, Agfltpkx cox fcfhtpolfx w

cox rpotolfx rfpaklfhgfpol xfrkpk!dox# fc ekx lo rvdo iopakp fxtpvh!tvpkx akwopfx, Ckx fxtpvhtvpkx ro!tflhgkcfx oxhgck`kl k afdgdk {vf ckivfp~k ktpkhtgyk df ck epkyfdkd cv!hjk`k holtpk ck rpfxgl fzrklxgykdfc ekx,

Rfpo hvkldo fc vlgyfpxo kchkl~ck fdkd df 8:2,222 kox# ohvppgkceo dfhgxgyo, Fl fxf aoaflto# cktfarfpktvpk dfc vlgyfpxo# {vf xf g`kflipgkldo kc fzrkldgpxf# rfpagtg{vf cox fcfhtpolfx w cox rpotolfx xfhoa`glkxfl w hpfkpkl toaox dfjgdpeflo, Fxtox w cox iotolfx xfdfxkhorckpol df pfrfltf ck gl!tfpkhhgl df ckx rkpthvckx aktfpgk!cfx w df ck cv~ dfn df xfp tkl gl!tflxk= rop holxgevgfltf# xf pfdvnoavhjo ck rpfxgl {vf jk`k fxtkdoholtpkppfxtkldo ck epkyfdkd, Holck epkyfdkd cg`pf rkpk khtvkp xo`pf

cox toaox pfhgl iopakdox# ck holx!tgtvhgl df fxtpvhtvpkx farf~ k`vfl pgtao,

[v rkrfc dfxfarf kj ck ak!tfpgk oxhvpk? G`k fxhpg`gfldo xv rpo!rgk jgxtopgk# rkpkcfck k ck df coxrpotolfx# fcfhtpolfx w iotolfx xo!aftgdox k ckx glicvflhgkx df ck epk!

GLYFXTGEKHGL W HGFLHGK# flfpo# 0226 0;


24/99

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Vlk yf~ fl akphjk fc rpohfxo#{vfd kxfltkdk ck glipkfxtpvhtvpk

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25/99

ck pfd df ekx gltfpekchtgho w df ckxakhpofxtpvhtvpkx ekchtghkx,

K afdgdk {vf ckx ekckzgkx xf hol!dflxk`kl fl ck pfd w farf~k`kl k`pgcckp# fc vlgyfpxo xf ivf ccflkldodf ck rpgafpk cv~ tpkx ck epkl fz!rcoxgl> ck fpk oxhvpk jk`k iglkcg!~kdo, W ckx fxtpfcckx farf~kpol holdgcgeflhgk k rpodvhgp fcfafltox rf!xkdox, Hvkldo xf jv`o iopakdo vllafpo lotk`cf df fxtpfcckx# ck rpo!dvhhgl khvavcktgyk df cv~ w rpo!dvhtox {vaghox kctfp ck lktvpkcf~kdfc afdgo gltfpekchtgho, Ck fz!rpfxgl pftpokcgafltkhgl ekch!tghk dfxgelk fc holnvlto df fxtoxfifhtox# rop{vf ckx ekckzgkx khtklxo`pf fc afdgo {vf ckx hpf, K{vtpktkp xco df dox tgrox df pftpo!kcgafltkhgl> ck pkdgkhgl w ck hol!tkaglkhgl {vaghk,

Fc rpgafp kefltf df ck pftpokcg!

afltkhgl ekchtghk ivf ck cv~ fx!tfckp# {vf pfgolg~ fc afdgo gltfp!ekchtgho, Pfhvpdfxf {vf ck aktfpgkhoal farf~ k holxtpvgp epkldfxfxtpvhtvpkx dvpkltf ck fpk df ck pf!hoa`glkhgl# hvkldo ck vlgl dfrpotolfx w fcfhtpolfx hpf cox to!aox df jgdpeflo, Fc ekx dfc vlg!yfpxo xf akltvyo fl vl fxtkdo fch!tpghkafltf lfvtpo dvpkltf kceltgfaro, Ckx tfarfpktvpkx# avw ipkx#krflkx kchkl~k`kl vlkx dfhflkx dfepkdox xo`pf fc hfpo k`xocvto, Hvkl!do cox rpgafpox iotolfx fxtfckpfxfxhkrkpol df ckx ekckzgkx# gltfpkh!hgolkpol hol cox toaox df jgdpef!lo= cfx kppklhkpol fcfhtpolfx {vfjk`kl rfpaklfhgdo cgekdox k fxoxtoaox dfxdf ck pfhoa`glkhgl, Fcekx xf hkcflt jkxtk cox ;2,222 mfc!ygl, Fxk pfgolg~khgl ohvppk fl `vp!`vnkx hfltpkdkx kcpfdfdop df ckx gl!hgrgfltfx ekckzgkx= ck cv~ df ckxfxtpfcckx lo jk`k tflgdo tgfaro dfgltfplkpxf avhjo fl fc fxrkhgo gl!tfpekchtgho, Rfpo xfel

Investigación y ciencia 340 - Enero 2005

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