introduction ninetieth /'mOmW Le/ laurogeita hamargarren · Romania /pH'lMmiL/ Errumania Romanian...

April /'CBUpLo/ apiril

August /'GZLgW/ abuztu

black /VoDY/ beltz

blue /VoI/ urdin

book /VHY/ liburu

brown /VpPm/ marroi; gaztaina-koloreko

December /XB'gClVL/ abendu

eight /CBW/ zortzi

eighteen /CB'WAm/ hamazortzi

eighteenth /CB'WAme/ hamazortzigarren

eighth /CBWe/ zortzigarren

eightieth /'CBWiLe/ laurogeigarren

eighty /'CBWi/ laurogei

eleven /B'oCdm/ hamaika

eleventh /B'oCdme/ hamaikagarren

February /'cCVpILpi/ otsail

fifteen /cBc'WAm/ hamabost

fifteenth /cBc'WAme/ hamabosgarren

fifth /cBce/ bosgarren

fiftieth /'cBcWiLe/ berrogeita hamargarren

fifty /'cBcWi/ berrogeita hamar

first /cKgW/ lehen

five /cOd/ bost

fortieth /'cGWiLe/ berrogeigarren

forty /'cGWi/ berrogei

four /cG/ lau

fourteen /cG'WAm/ hamalau

fourteenth /cG'WAme/ hamalaugarren

fourth /cGe/ laugarren

Friday /'cpOXM/ ostiral

green /ZpAm/ berde

grey /ZpCB/ gris

January /'bDmqHLpi/ urtarril

July /bI'oO/ uztail

June /XjIm/ ekain

March /lEa/ martxo

May /lM/ maiatz

Monday /'lJmXM/ astelehen

nine /mOm/ bederatzi

nineteen /mOm'WAm/ hemeretzi

nineteenth /mOm'WAme/ hemeretzigarren

ninetieth /'mOmWiLe/ laurogeita hamargarren

ninety /'mOmWi/ laurogeita hamar

ninth /mOme/ bederatzigarren

notebook /'mNWVHY/ koaderno

November /mLH'dClVL/ azaro

October /FY'WNVL/ urri

one /rJm/ bat

one hundred /rJm 'kJmXpLX/ ehun

orange /'FpBmb/ laranja

pen /UCm/ boligrafo

pencil /'UCmgo/ arkatz

pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/ arkatz-zorro

pink /UBnY/ arrosa

purple /'UKUo/ more

red /pCX/ gorri

rubber /'pJVL/ goma, borragoma

ruler /'pIoL/ erregela

Saturday /'gDWLXM/ larunbat

schoolbag /'gYIoVDZ/ motxila

second /'gCYLmX/ bigarren

September /gCU'WClVL/ irail

seven /'gCdm/ zazpi

seventeen /gCdm'WAm/ hamazazpi

seventeenth /gCdm'WAme/ hamazazpigarren

seventh /'gCdme/ zazpigarren

seventieth /'gCdmWiLe/ hirurogeita hamargarren

seventy /'gCdmWi/ hirurogeita hamar

six /gBYg/ sei

sixteen /gBYg'WAm/ hamasei

sixteenth /gBYg'WAme/ hamaseigarren

sixth /gBYge/ seigarren

sixtieth /'gBYgWiLe/ hirurogeigarren

sixty /'gBYgWi/ hirurogei

Sunday /'gJmXM/ igande

tablet /'WDVoLW/ tablet

ten /WCm/ hamar

tenth /WCme/ hamargarren

third /eKX/ hirugarren

thirteen /eK'WAm/ hamahiru

thirteenth /eK'WAme/ hamahirugarren

thirtieth /'eKWiLe/ hogeita hamargarren

thirty /'eKWi/ hogeita hamar

three /epA/ hiru

introduction

1Action! ESO 1 Basque © B Burlington Books

Glossary

Thursday /'eKhXM/ ostegun

Tuesday /'WqIhXM/ astearte

twelfth /WrCoce/ hamabigarren

twelve /WrCod/ hamabi

twentieth /'WrCmWiLe/ hogeigarren

twenty /'WrCmWi/ hogei

twenty-eighth /WrCmWi'CBWe/ hogeita zortzigarren

two /WI/ bi

Wednesday /'rCmhXM/ asteazken

white /rOW/ zuri

yellow /'qCoN/ hori

unit 1according to /L'YGXBn WL/ -en arabera

account /L'YPmW/ kontu

age /CBb/ adin

assignment /L'gOmlLmW/ lan, eginbehar

aunt /EmW/ izeba

brother /'VpJfL/ anaia

celebrity /gL'oCVpLWi/ pertsona entzutetsu

children /'WiBoXpLm/ ume(ak); seme-alaba(k)

China /'WiOmL/ Txina

Chinese /WiO'mAh/ txinatar

cousin /'YJhm/ lehengusu / lehengusina

daughter /'XGWL/ alaba

Ecuador /'CYrLXG/ Ekuador

Ecuadorian /CYrL'XGpiLm/ ekuadortar

England /'BnZoLmX/ Ingalaterra

English /'BnZoBi/ ingeles

family name /'cDlLoi mMl/ abizen

family tree /cDlLoi 'WpA/ zuhaitz genealogiko

father /'cEfL/ aita

France /cpEmg/ Frantzia

French /cpCma/ frantses

fun /cJm/ entretenigarri, dibertigarri (have ~: ondo pasa)

grandfather /'ZpDmcEfL/ aitona

grandmother /'ZpDmlJfL/ amona

grandparent /'ZpDmUSpLmW/ aitona-amona

Ireland /'OLoLmX/ Irlanda

Irish /'OpBi/ irlandar

meaning /'lAmBn/ esanahi

middle name /lBXo 'mCBl/ bigarren izen

Moroccan /lL'pFYLm/ marokoar

Morocco /lL'pFYLH/ Maroko

mother /'lJfL/ ama

parent /'UCLpLmW/ aita-ama, guraso

Romania /pH'lMmiL/ Errumania

Romanian /pH'lMmiLm/ errumaniar

Russia /'pJiL/ Errusia

Russian /'pJim/ errusiar

Scotland /'gYFWoLmX/ Eskozia

Scottish /'gYFWBi/ eskoziar

sister /'gBgWL/ ahizpa

son /gJm/ seme

Spain /gUCBm/ Espainia

Spanish /'gUDmBi/ espainiar

surname /'gKmMl/ abizen

survey /'gKdM/ inkesta

teen(ager) /'WAmMbL/ nerabe

uncle /'JnYo/ osaba

Wales /rMoh/ Gales

Welsh /rCoi/ galestar

unit 2busy /'VBhi/ lanpetu; mugimendu handiko; jendetsu

chat online /aDW Fm'oOm/ online / Interneten txateatu

daily /'XMoi/ eguneroko

do homework /XI 'kNlrKY/ etxeko lanak egin

either /'OfL/ ezta ere

get dressed /ZCW 'XpCgW/ jantzi

get up /ZCW 'JU/ jaiki

go home /ZLH 'kNl/ etxera joan

go shopping /ZLH 'iFUBn/ erosketak egitera joan

go swimming /ZLH 'grBlBn/ igeri egitera joan

go to bed /ZLH WL 'VCX/ oheratu, ohera joan

go to school /ZLH WL 'gYIo/ eskolara joan

half past /'kEc UEgW/ eta erdi (erlojua)

have a shower /kDd L 'iPL/ dutxatu

have breakfast /kDd 'VpCYcLgW/ gosaldu

have dinner /kDd 'XBmL/ afaldu

have lunch /kDd 'oJmWi/ bazkaldu

listen to music /oBgm WL 'lqIhBY/ musika entzun

meet friends /lAW 'cpCmXh/ lagunekin gelditu

play computer games /UoM YLl'UqIWL ZMlh/ ordenagailu-jokoetan jolastu

play football /UoM 'cHWVGo/ futbolean jokatu

play the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ gitarra jo

rarely /'pCLoi/ ia inoiz ez, oso gutxitan

Glossary


Glossary

read a book /pAX L 'VHY/ liburu bat irakurri

read e-mails /pAX 'AlCBoh/ posta elektronikoak irakurri

real-life /pALo'oOc/ benetako, benetako bizitza

ride a bike /pOX L 'VOY/ bizikletan ibili

save /gMd/ aurreztu

send text messages /gCmX 'WCYgW lCgBb/ (testu) mezuak bidali

social networking site /gNio 'mCWrKYBn gOW/ sare sozialetako webgune(ak)

task /WEgY/ eginkizun

tidy my room /'WOXi lO pIl/ nire logela jaso / txukundu

watch TV /rFa WA'dA/ telebista ikusi

unit 3amazing /L'lMhBn/ harrigarri, sinestezin

arm /El/ beso

butterfly /'VJWLcoO/ tximeleta

canary /YL'mCLpi/ kanario

catch /YDa/ arrantzatu

costume /'YFgWqIl/ mozorro

designer (clothes) /XB'hOmL (YoNfh)/ diseinuzko (arropa)

die /XO/ hil

dolphin /'XFocim/ izurde

ear /R/ belarri; entzumen

elephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefante

endangered /Bm'XMmbLX/ desagertzeko arriskuan

explanation /CYgUoL'mMim/ azalpen

eye /O/ begi

finger /'cBnZL/ behatz

fisherman /'cBiLlLm/ arrantzale

foot /cHW/ oin; hanka

frog /cpFZ/ igel

fur /cK/ ile; larru

giraffe /bL'pEc/ jirafa

hair /kCL/ ile

hand /kæmX/ esku

head /kCX/ buru

hit /kBW/ jo, kolpatu

horse /kGg/ zaldi

kill /YBo/ erail, hil

leg /oCZ/ hanka

lion /'oOLm/ lehoi

look for /'oHY cG/ bila ibili

lover /'oJdL/ zale, maitale

mermaid /'lKlCBX/ sirena

monkey /'lJnYi/ tximino

mouse /lPg/ arratoi

mouth /lPe/ aho

noise /mQh/ zarata

nose /mNh/ sudur

oxygen tank /'FYgBbLm WDnY/ botila / oxigeno tanke

panda /'UDmXL/ panda

pet /UCW/ maskota, etxabere

rabbit /'pDVBW/ untxi

shark /iEY/ marrazo

snake /gmMY/ suge

stand /gWæmX/ zutik egon

tail /WMo/ buztan, isats

teach /WAa/ irakatsi

teeth /WAe/ hortza(k)

tiger /'WOZL/ tigre

toe /WN/ (hankako) behatz

turtle /'WKWo/ dortoka

unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ arraro, bitxi, ohiz kanpoko

whale /rMo/ bale

wing /rBn/ hego

worry about /'rJpi LVPW/ -gatik kezkatu

zebra /'hCVpL/ zebra

unit 4ancient /'MmiLmW/ zahar, antzinako

bathroom /'VEepIl/ bainugela

bed /VCX/ ohe

bedroom /'VCXpIl/ logela

carpet /'YEUBW/ alfonbra; moketa

chair /aS/ aulki

charity /'WiDpLWi/ ongintzako ekintza(k); ongintzako erakunde

chore /WiG/ zeregin, eginkizun

cook dinner /YHY 'XBmL/ afaria prestatu

cupboard /'YJVLX/ armairu

desk /XCgY/ idazmahai

dining room /'XOmBn pIl/ jangela

do the dishes /XI fL 'XBiBh/ harrikoa egin

do the washing /XI fL 'rFiBn/ arropa garbitu

enter /'CmWL/ -en sartu

exhibition /CYgB'VBim/ erakusketa

feed the dog /cAX fL 'XFZ/ txakurrari jaten eman


first floor /'cKgW coG/ lehen solairu

floor /coG/ lur, zoru

garage /'ZDpEj/ garaje

garden /'ZEXm/ lorategi

Greece /ZpAg/ Grezia

ground floor /'ZpPmX coG/ beheko solairu

hall /kGo/ sarrera, hall (Br. Eng.); korridore (Am. Eng.)

hole /kNo/ zulo, irekigune

hot /kFW/ bero (it´s ~: bero dago)

household /'kPgkLHoX/ etxeko

kitchen /'YBWiBm/ sukalde

lamp /oDlU/ lanpara

living room /'oBdBn pIl/ egongela

make the bed /lCBY fL 'VCX/ ohea egin

mirror /'lBpL/ ispilu

miss /lBg/ galdu

model /'lFXo/ maketa, eskalazko modelo

roof /pIc/ teilatu

shelf /iCoc/ apal

sofa /'gLHcL/ sofa

sponsor /'gUFmgL/ babesle, sponsor

sweep the floor /grAU fL 'coG/ zorua erratzez garbitu

table /'WMVo/ mahai

take out the rubbish /WMY PW fL 'pJVBi/ basura atera

together /WL'ZCfL/ elkarrekin

toilet /'WQoLW/ bainu, komun

Turkey /'WKYi/ Turkia

wall /rGo/ pareta, horma

water the plants /'rGWL fL UoEmWg/ landareak ureztatu

unit 5advice /LX'dOg/ aholku(ak)

angry /'DnZpi/ haserre

apple /'DUo/ sagar

banana /VL'mEmL/ banana

bored /VGX/ aspergarri

bread /VpCX/ ogi

cabbage /'YDVBXj/ aza, azaburu

cake /YMY/ tarta, pastel

carrot /'YDpLW/ azenario

cheese /aAh/ gazta

chemical /'YClBYo/ produktu / gai kimiko

chicken /'aBYBm/ oilasko

chips /aBUg/ patata frijitu

chocolate /'aFYoLW/ txokolate

cucumber /'YqIYJlVL/ luzoker, pepino

egg /CZ/ arrautza

excited /BY'gOWBX/ zirraragarri, ilusioz beteta

fast food /cEgW 'cIX/ otordu laster

fish /cBi/ arrain(ak)

fizzy drink /cBhi 'XpBnY/ edari burbuilatsu, freskagarri

frightened /'cpOWmX/ beldurturik

fruit salad /cpIW 'gDoLX/ fruta-mazedonia

gene /bAm/ gen

goal /ZNo/ helburu, muga

ham /kDl/ urdaiazpiko

happy /'kæUi/ pozik, kontent

hate /kMW/ gorroto izan

healthy /'kCoei/ osasuntsu, osasungarri

hide /kOX/ ezkutatu

hungry /'kJnZpi/ goseti (be ~: gose izan)

ice cream /Og 'YpAl/ izozki

juice /bIg/ zuku

junk food /'bJnY cIX/ zabor-janari

lettuce /'oCWBg/ letxuga

lunchroom /'oJmapIl/ jangela

mark /lEY/ nota, kalifikazio

meal /lAo/ jatordu, janari

meat /lAW/ haragi

milk /lBoY/ esne

mushroom /'lJipHl/ txanpiñoi

olive /'FoBd/ oliba

onion /'JmqLm/ tipula

orange /'FpBmb/ laranja

potato /UL'WMWN/ patata

reader /'pAXL/ irakurle

recipe /'pCgLUi/ errezeta

rice /pOg/ arroz

sad /gDX/ goibel, triste

salad /'gDoLX/ entsalada

sandwich /'gDmrBa/ sandwich

sauce /gGg/ saltsa

sensitive /'gCmgLWBd/ sentikor

soup /gIU/ zopa

spaghetti /gUL'ZCWi/ espageti(ak)

strawberry /'gWpGVLpi/ marrubi

Glossary


sugar /'iHZL/ azukre

surprised /gL'UpOhX/ harriturik

sweet /grAW/ gozo

taste /WMgW/ zapore

tea /WA/ te

thirsty /'eKgWi/ egarrituta (be ~: egarri izan)

tired /'WOLX/ nekaturik

tomato /WL'lEWN/ tomate

try /WpO/ probatu

vegetable /'dCbWLVo/ barazki

unit 6baseball /'VMgVGo/ beisbol

basketball /'VEgYBWVGo/ saskibaloi; saskibaloiko baloi

bounce /VPmg/ punpa egin

carry /'YDpi/ eraman

catch /YDa/ hartu

compete /YLl'UAW/ lehiatu

cycling /'gOYoBn/ txirrindularitza

dance /XEmg/ dantza egin

fast /cEgW/ azkar, bizkor

finish /'cBmBi/ bukatu, amaitu

fit /cBW/ sasoiko

football /'cHWVGo/ futbol

gymnastics /bBl'mægWBYg/ gimnasia

hard /kEX/ gogor, asko; zail; indartsu

hit /kBW/ kolpatu, jo

horse riding /'kGg pOXBn/ zaldian ibili; ekitazio

ice skating /'Og gYMWBn/ izotz gaineko patinaje

judo /'bIXN/ judo

jump /bJlU/ salto egin

Kenyan /'YCmqLm/ kenyar

kick /YBY/ ostikada eman

lose /oIh/ galdu

practice /'UpæYWBg/ ohitura, praktika, jardute

quickly /'YrBYoi/ azkar, agudo

race /pMg/ lasterketa

rollerblading /'pNoLVoMXBn/ lerro-lerroko patinaje

run /pJm/ korrika egin

sailing /'gMoBn/ (nabigazio) bela

score /gYG/ markatu, lortu, sartu

skateboarding /'gYMWVGXBn/ patinetan ibili

skiing /'gYABn/ eski

snowboarding /'gmNVGXBn/ snowboard

spectators /gUCY'WMWLh/ ikusle(ak)

start /gWEW/ hasi

surfing /'gKcBn/ surf

swim /grBl/ igeri egin

tennis /'WCmBg/ tenis

throw /epN/ bota, jaurti

train /WpMm/ entrenatu

volleyball /'dFoiVGo/ boleibol

weigh /rM/ pisatu

win /rBm/ irabazi

young age /qJn 'CBb/ oso gazte / txiki

unit 7airport /'CLUGW/ aireportu

bakery /'VMYLpi/ okindegi

bank /VDnY/ banketxe

behind /VB'kOmX/ atzean

between /VB'WrAm/ (biren) artean

bookshop /'VHYiFU/ liburu-denda

building /'VBoXBn/ eraikin

butcher's /'VHaLh/ harategi

café /'YæcM/ kafetegi

capture /'YæUWiL/ harrapatu, atzeman

chemist's /'YClBgWg/ botika

church /WiKa/ eliza

cinema /'gBmLlL/ zinema

cure /YqHL/ sendaketa, sendabide

ghost /ZNgW/ mamu

goth /ZFe/ gotiko

gothic /'ZFeBY/ gotiko

haunted /'kGmWBX/ sorgindu

hospital /'kFgUBWo/ erietxe

in /Bm/ -n, -n barruan

in front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ (-en) aurrean

library /'oOVpLpi/ liburutegi

museum /lqI'hALl/ museo

next to /'mCYgW WL/ (-en) ondoan

on /Fm/ gainean, -n

opposite /'FULhBW/ (-en) aurrean

over /'NdL/ gainean

Glossary


post office /'UNgW FcBg/ postetxe

restaurant /'pCgWpFmW/ jatetxe

review /pB'dqI/ kritika, iritzi

sailor /'gMoL/ marinel

shopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ merkataritza-gune

show /iLH/ ikuskizun

sports centre /'gUGWg gCmWL/ kiroldegi

stadium /'gWCBXiLl/ estadio

supermarket /'gIULlEYBW/ supermerkatu

sweet shop /'grAW iFU/ goxoki-denda

under /'JmXL/ (-en) azpian

unit 8beautiful /'VqIWBco/ eder, polit

boots /VIWg/ botak

cheap /aAU/ merke

clothing /'YoNfBn/ arropa

club /YoJV/ taberna, klub

colourful /'YJoLco/ koloretsu, kolore biziko

dress /XpCg/ soineko

duchess /'XJWiLg/ dukesa

expensive /BY'gUCmgBd/ garesti

fashion trend /'cæim WpCmX/ moda, joera

fat /cæW/ gizen, potolo

funny /'cJmi/ barregarri

great /ZpCBW/ oso on, bikain (look ~: ikaragarri polita egon)

hairstyle /'kCLgWOo/ orrazkera

hat /kDW/ txapel

influence /'BmcoHLmg/ eragin

jacket /'bDYBW/ jaka

jeans /bAmh/ galtza bakero(ak)

long /oFn/ luze

new /mqI/ berri

old /NoX/ zahar

sandals /'gDmXoh/ sandaliak

scarf /gYEc/ lepoko, bufanda

shirt /iKW/ alkandora

shoes /iIh/ oinetako(ak)

short /iGW/ motz; baxu

shorts /iGWg/ galtza motz(ak)

skirt /gYKW/ gona

socks /gFYg/ galtzerdi(ak)

strange /gWpMmb/ arraro, bitxi

sweater /'grCWL/ jertse

swimsuit /'grBlgIW/ bainujantzi

T-shirt /'WAiKW/ kamiseta

tall /WGo/ altu, garai

thin /eBm/ argal

trainers /'WpMmLh/ kiroletako oinetako(ak)

trousers /'WpPhLh/ galtzak

ugly /'JZoi/ itsusi

unit 9aeroplane /'CLpLUoCBm/ hegazkin

air pollution /'CL ULoIim/ aire / atmosfera kutsadura

battery /'VDWpi/ bateria

beach /VAWi/ hondartza

bicycle /'VOgBYo/ bizikleta

boat /VNW/ itsasontzi; txalupa

bungee-jump /'VJmZA bJlU/ zubi-saltoa egin

bus /VJg/ autobus

canyon /'YæmqLm/ kanoi

car /YE/ auto

cliff /YoBc/ itsaslabar; amildegi

death /XCe/ heriotza

desert /'XChLW/ basamortu

drive /XpOd/ gidatu, autoan joan

fight /cOW/ -en aurka borrokatu

fly /coO/ hegan egin; hegazkinean bidaiatu

forest /'cFpBgW/ baso

free /cpA/ doan, doaneko

green /ZpAm/ ekologiko

helicopter /'kCoBYFUWL/ helikoptero

highlights /'kOoOWg/ nabarmenen

hill /kBo/ mendixka

island /'OoLmX/ uharte

jeep /bAU/ lur orotako ibilgailu

jungle /'bJnZo/ oihan, jungla

lake /oMY/ laku

lorry /'oFpi/ kamioi

machine /lL'iAm/ makina

motorbike /'lNWLVOY/ motozikleta, moto

mountain /'lPmWLm/ mendi

Glossary


ocean /'Nim/ ozeano

reef /pAc/ arrezife

return /pB'WKm/ itzuli (~ ticket: joan-etorri txartela)

ride /pOX / gainean ibili

river /'pBdL/ ibai

sail /gMo/ nabigatu; itsasontzian ibili; itsasoratu, itsasora abiatu

scene /gAm/ eszena

scooter /'gYIWL/ vespa, scooter

ship /iBU/ itsasontzi

side /gOX/ alde, itxura

stream /gWpAl/ erreka

stunt /gWJmW/ eszena / hartualdi arriskutsu

stunt person /'gWJmW UKgm/ arrisku-uneetarako ordezko

take /WMY/ hartu, joan; eraman

taxi /'WæYgi/ taxi

topic /'WFUBY/ gai, afera

tractor /'WpDYWL/ traktore

train /WpMm/ tren

tram /WpDl/ tranbia

underground /'JmXLZpPmX/ metro

valley /'dDoi/ haran

van /dDm/ furgoneta, kamioneta

volcano /dFo'YMmN/ sumendi

wide /rOX/ zabal

Glossary


introduction

Greetings and IntroductionsHello, my name’s (Peter). /kLoLH lO mMlh ('UAWL)/ Kaixo, (Peter) izena dut.

Hi, (Peter). /'kO (UAWL)/ Kaixo, (Peter).

I’m (Susan). /Ol ('gIhm)/ Ni (Susan) naiz.

Nice to meet you. /mOg WL 'lAW qI/ Pozten nau zu ezagutzeak.

Nice to meet you, too. /mOg WL lAW qI 'WI/ Ni ere bai.

Classroom LanguageWhen is the (English) lesson? /rCm Bh fL ('BnZoBi) oCgm/ Noiz da (ingeleseko) klasea?

What’s the homework? /rFWg fL 'kNlrKY/ Zer etxeko lan daude?

Who knows the answer to question (1)? /kI mNh fA 'EmgL WL YrCgWiLm (rJm)/ Nork daki (1) galderaren erantzuna?

Can you spell (notebook)? /YLm qI gUCo ('mNWVHY)/ Badakizu nola idazten den (notebook)?

How do you say this in English? /kP XL qI gM fBg Bm 'BnZoBi/ Nola esaten da hau ingelesez?

What page are we on? /rFW 'UCBb E rA Fm/ Zein orritan gaude?

Please sit down. /UoAh gBW 'XNm/ Eser zaitez / zaitezte, mesedez.

Please read the text. /UoAh pAX fL 'WCsW/ Irakurri testua, mesedez.

Do you understand the question? /XL qI JmXLgWDmX fL 'YrCgWiLm/ Ulertzen duzu galdera?

Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Lagunduko al didazu, mesedez?

Please open your books to page (6). /UoAh 'NULm qG VHYg WL UCBb (gBYg)/ Ireki liburuak (6). orrialdean, mesedez.

Please be quiet. /UoAh VA 'YrOLW/ Isilik egon / Isildu, mesedez.

Listen carefully. /oBgm 'YCLcLoi/ Entzun arretaz.

I’m sorry I’m late. /Ol 'gFpi Ol oCBW/ Sentitzen dut berandu etortzea.

unit 1

Exchanging Personal InformationWhere are you from? /rCL E qI 'cpFl/ Nongoa zara?

I’m from (England). /Ol cpLl ('BnZoLmX)/ (Ingalaterrakoa) naiz.

When is your birthday? /rCm Bh qG 'VKeXM/ Noiz da zure urtebetetzea?

It’s (9th September). /BWg (fL mOme Ld gCU'WClVL)/ (Irailaren 9an) da.

What’s your e-mail address? /rFWg qG 'AlCBo LXpCg/ Zein da zure posta elektronikoaren helbidea?

What’s your name? /rFWg qG 'mMl/ Zer izen duzu?

Have you got a middle name? /kDd qI ZFW L 'lBXo mMl/ Badaukazu bigarren izenik?

What’s your surname? /rFWg qG 'gKmMl/ Zein da zure abizena?

How old are you? /kP 'NoX E qI/ Zenbat urte dituzu?

How many brothers and sisters have you got? /kP lCmi 'VpJfLh LmX 'gBgWLh kDd qI ZFW/ Zenbat anai-arreba dituzu?

Have you got an e-mail address? /kDd qI ZFW Dm 'AlCBo LXpCg/ Posta elektroniko helbiderik baduzu?

unit 2

Talking About Routines and ActivitiesI often go to bed at (eleven o’clock). /O 'Fcm ZLH WL VCX LW (BoCdm LYoFY)/ Askotan joaten naiz ohera / oheratzen naiz

(hamaikak puntuan).

I never go to bed at (eleven o’clock). /O 'mCdL ZLH WL VCX LW (BoCdm LYoFY)/ Inoiz ez naiz oheratzen (hamaikak puntuan).


Speaking Glossary

I sometimes (do homework on Saturdays). /O 'gJlWOlh (XI kNlrKY Fm gDWLXMh)/ Batzuetan (larunbatetan egiten ditut etxeko lanak).

We usually (play football in the afternoon). /rA 'qIhILoi (UoM cHWVGo Bm fL EcWLmIm)/ Normalean (arratsaldetan jokatzen dugu futbolean).

She rarely (watches TV). /iA 'pCLoi (rFaBh WAdA)/ Ia inoiz ez (du ikusten telebista).

He always (rides a bike). /kA 'GorCBh (pOXh L VOY)/ Beti (doa bizikletaz).

unit 3

Talking About PetsHave you got a pet? /kDd qI ZFW L 'UCW/ Maskotarik baduzu?

What colour is it? /rFW 'YJoL Bh BW/ Zer kolore du?

What does it do? /rFW XJh BW 'XI/ Zer egiten du?

It (jumps). /BW ('bJlUg)/ (Salto egiten du).

When does it sleep? /rCm XJh BW 'goAU/ Noiz egiten du lo?

It sleeps (at night and during the day). /BW 'goAUg (LW mOW LmX XqHLpBn fL XM)/ (Gauez eta egunez) egiten du lo.

Describing AnimalsWhat does it look like? /rFW XJh BW 'oHY oOY/ Nolakoa da?, Zer itxura du?

It has got (big ears and a small tail). /BW kLh ZFW (VBZ 'Rh LmX L glGo WMo)/ (Belarri handiak eta buztan txikia) ditu.

Where does it live? /rCL XJh BW 'oBd/ Non bizi da?

It lives in (Africa and Asia). /BW oBdh Bm ('DcpBYL LmX CBjL)/ (Afrikan eta Asian) bizi da.

What does it eat? /rFW XJh BW 'AW/ Zer jaten du?

It eats (plants). /BW AWg ('UoEmWg)/ (Landareak) jaten ditu.

How big is it? /kP 'VBZ Bh BW/ Zer tamaina du? Zenbateko handia da?

It’s (up to four metres tall). /BWg (JU WL 'cG lAWLh WGo)/ (Lau metroko garaiera arte) neurtzen du.

What animal is it? /rFW 'DmBlo Bh BW/ Zein animalia da?

unit 4

Describing a HouseHave you got a house or a flat? /kDd qI ZFW L 'kPg G L 'coDW/ Etxea ala pisua duzu?

How many rooms has your (house) got? /kP lCmi 'pIlh kLh qG (kPg) ZFW/ Zenbat logela ditu zure (etxeak)?

Has it got a (dining room)? /kLh BW ZFW L ('XOmBn pIl)/ (Jangelarik) badu?

What’s in the (living room)? /rFWg Bm fL ('oBdBn pIl)/ Zer dago (egongelan)?

Describing PicturesWho’s in your picture? /'kIh Bm qG UBYaL/ Nor dago / ageri da zure argazkian?

Is (Dan tidying his room) in your picture? /Bh (XDm WOXiBn kBh 'pIl) Bm qG UBYaL/ (Dan bere gela txukuntzen) ari da argazkian?

What’s (Pam) doing? /rFWg ('UDl) XIBn/ Zertan ari da (Pam)?

Where is she? /rCL 'Bh iA/ Non dago bera?

Are (Mike and Charles making the beds) in your picture? /E (lOY LmX aEoh lCBYBn fL 'VCXh) BmqG UBYaL/ (Mike eta Charles oheak egiten) ari dira zure argazkian?

Speaking Glossary


unit 5

Talking About Likes and DislikesLet's have lunch. /oCWg kLd 'oJma/ Goazen bazkaltzera., Bazkal dezagun.

What have you got? /rFW kLd qI 'ZFW/ Zer daukazue?

Do you like (fish)? /XL qI oOY ('cBi)/ (Arraina) gustatzen zaizu?

How about (chicken)? /kP LVPW ('aBYBm)/ Zer iruditzen (oilaskoa)?

I love (spaghetti). /O 'oJd /'oOY (gULZCWi)/ Ikaragarri gustatzen zaizkit (espagetiak).

I don’t mind (chicken). /O 'XLHmW lOmX (aBYBm)/ Ez zait axola / gaizki iruditzen (oilaskoa).

I don’t like / I hate (fish). /O 'XLHmW oOY /O 'kCBW (cBi)/ Ez zait gustatzen / Gorroto dut (arraina).

Ordering FoodWould you like to order? /rHX qI oOY WL 'GXL/ Eskatu nahi duzu?, Eskaria hartuko dizut?

I’d like (the chicken), please. /OX oOY (fL 'aBYBm) UoAh/ (Oilaskoa), nahi dut, mesedez.

(The chicken) comes with (rice or salad). /(fL aBYBm) YJlh rBf ('pOg G gDoLX)/ (Oilaskoa arrozarekin edo entsaladarekin) batera doa.

Which do you prefer? /rBa XL qI UpB'cK/ Zer nahiago duzu?

Are there any (olives in the salad)? /E fCL Cmi ('FoBdh Bm fL gDoLX)/ (Olibarik) badago (entsaladan)?

Do you want anything to drink? /XL qI rFmW CmieBn WL 'XpBnY/ Edateko zerbait nahi duzu?

unit 6

Talking About AbilitiesDo you do sport? /XL qI XI 'gUGW/ Kirolik egiten duzu?

Can you (play volleyball) well? /Yæm qI (UoM 'dFoiVGo) rCo/ Ondo (jokatzen duzu boleibolean)?

How about you? /kP LVPW 'qI/ Eta zuk?

I can’t (play volleyball) well. /O YEmW (UoM 'dFoiVGo) rCo/ Ez dakit ondo (jokatzen boleibolean).

I can (play football). /O Yæm (UoM 'cHWVGo)/ (Futbolean jokatzen) dakit.

Explaining RulesYou must (wear a uniform). /qI 'lJgW (rCL L qImBcGl)/ (Uniformea eraman) behar duzu.

You mustn’t (wear shoes). /qI 'lJgmW (rCL iIh)/ Ezin duzu (zapatarik eraman).

You must do this sport with another person. /qI 'lJgW XL fBg gUGW rBf LmJfL UKgm/ Kirol hau beste pertsona batekin egin behar duzu.

You can (hold your opponent) but you mustn’t (hit him). /qI Yæm (kNoX qG LUNmLmW) VJW qI 'lJgmW (kBW kBl)/

(Aurkariari eutsi) diezaiokezu, baina ezin duzu (jo).

unit 7

Talking About the PastHow was your weekend? /kP rLh qG 'rAYCmX/ Zer moduz joan da aste-bukaera?

It was good, but busy. /BW rLh ZHX VJW 'VBhi/ Ondo joan da, baina mugitua izan da.

Were you at the (cinema) on (Saturday afternoon)? /rK qI LW fL ('gBmLlL) Fm (gDWLXM EcWLmIm)/ (Zineman) egon al zinen (larunbat arratsaldean)?

I was at the (shopping centre). /O rLh LW fL ('iFUBn gCmWL)/ (Merkataritza-gunean) egon / izan nintzen.

Who was with you? /kI rLh 'rBf qI/ Nor izan zen zurekin?

Speaking Glossary


Where were you on (Saturday)? /rCL rK qI Fm ('gDWLXM)/ Non izan / egon zinen (larunbatean)?

Was it fun? /rLh BW 'cJm/ Dibertigarria izan zen?

Was it a big town in (the 1900s)? /rLh BW L 'VBZ WPm Bm (fL mOmWAm kJmXpLXh)/ (XX. mendean) hiri handia zen?

Was there (a cinema)? /rLh fCL (L 'gBmLlL)/ (Zinemarik) bazegoen?

Were there any (shops) in the town? /rK fCL Cmi ('iFUg) Bm fL WPm/ (Dendarik) bazegoen hirian?

What was on (Main Street)? /rFW rLh Fm ('lCBm gWpAW)/ Zer zegoen (Main Street) en?

Where was (the school)? /rCL rLh (fL 'gYIo)/ Non zegoen (eskola)?

unit 8

Buying ClothesExcuse me. / BY'gYqIg lA/ Barkatu.

I’d like to buy a (T-shirt). /OX oOY WL VO L ('WAiKW)/ (Kamiseta bat) erosi nahi nuke.

What size are you? / rFW 'gOh E qI/ Zer neurri behar duzu?

I’m a (medium). /Ol L ('lAXiLl)/ (Ertaina) behar dut.

How about this (T-shirt)? /kP LVPW 'fBg (WAiKW)/ Zer iruditzen (kamiseta hau)?

It’s nice. /BWg 'mOg/ Polita da.

How much is it? /kP 'lJa Bh BW/ Zenbat balio du?

Have you got (any shorts) to match it? /kDd qI ZFW (Cmi 'iGWg) WL læWi BW/ Ondo datozkion (galtza motzik) baduzue?

Do you like these (shorts)? /XL qI oOY fAh ('iGWg)/ (Galtza motz hauek) gustatzen zaizkizu?

I love them. /O 'oJd fCl/ Ikaragarri gustatzen zaizkit.

I’ll take the (T-shirt) and the (shorts). /Oo WMY fL (WAiKW) LmX fL ('iGWg)/ (Kamiseta) eta (galtza motzak) eramango ditut.

Talking About Past ActivitiesHe saw (a jacket). /kA gG (L 'bDYBW)/ (Jaka bat) ikusi zuen hark.

He asked (his mother for money). /kA EgYW (kBh lJfL cL 'lJmi)/ (Amari dirua) eskatu zion.

He went to (the shopping centre). /kA rCmW WL (fL 'iFUBn gCmWL)/ (Merkataritza-gunera) joan zen.

He bought (a jacket). /kA VGW (L 'bDYBW)/ (Jaka bat) erosi zuen.

He went home at (12 o’clock). /kA rCmW kNl LW (WrCod L'YoFY)/ (12ak puntuan) etxera joan zen.

unit 9Buying a Train TicketWhen’s the next train to (Bolton)? /rCmh fL mCYgW WpMm WL ('VLHoWLm)/ Noiz aterako da hurrengo trena (Bolton)era?

It’s in (half an hour). /BWg Bm ('kEc Dm PL)/ (Ordu erdi) barru aterako da.

Where do I get the train? /rCL XL O ZCW fL 'WpMm/ Non hartuko dut trena?

At platform (3). /LW UoDWcGl ('epA)/ (3.) nasan.

How much is a ticket to (Bolton)? /kP lJa Bh L WBYBW WL ('VLHoWLm)/ Zenbat da (Bolton)erako bidaia-txartela?

Do you want a single or return ticket? /XI qI rFmW L gBno G pB'WKm WBYBW/ Joaneko edo joan-etorriko txartela nahi duzu?

Planning a HolidayWhere are you going? /rCL E qI 'ZLHBn/ Nora zoaz?

When are you leaving? /rCm E qI 'oAdBn/ Noiz zoaz?

When are you returning? /rCm E qI pB'WKmBn/ Noiz itzuliko zara?

How are you getting there? /kP E qI 'ZCWBn fCL/ Nola joango zara bertara?

Where are you going to stay? /rCL E qI ZLHBn WL 'gWM/ Non hartuko duzu ostatu? / Non egingo duzu lo?

What are you going to do there? /rFW E qI ZLHBn WL 'XI fCL/ Zer egingo duzu han?

Speaking Glossary



Check Yourself!

introduction

To be aditza orainaldian

Batez ere “izan” eta “egon” esangura du. Gauzak deskribatzeko, gertaera orokorrak azaltzeko eta adina adierazteko erabiltzen da. Hitz egiterakoan, am, is eta are pertsona-izenordain subjektuarekin laburtzen dira.I’m in Year 8. (Zortzigarren mailan nago.)

Ezezkoan not partikula gehitzen zaio to be aditzaren forma guztiei, edo n’t laburtua is eta are formei (isn’t eta aren’t); ez, ordea, am formari.I’m not at school. (Ez nago eskolan.)Laura isn’t in my class. (Laura ez dago nire gelan.)My notebooks aren’t in my schoolbag. (Nire koadernoak ez daude nire motxilan.)

Galderak osatzeko, aldatu egiten da subjetuaren eta aditzaren arteko ordena. Erantzun motzak pertsona-izenordain subjektuarekin eta to be aditzarekin osatzen dira; laburbiltzeke, baiezko erantzunetan, eta not partikularekin laburbilduta, ezezkoetan.Is your teacher in the classroom? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. (Zure irakaslea gelan dago? Bai. / Ez.)

1 Choose the correct answer.

1. The teacher am / is / are in the classroom.

2. We am / is / are at school now.

3. It am / is / are 9.00 in the morning.

4. Mandy and I am / is / are good students.

5. I am / is / are in Year 8.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of to be.

1. My schoolbag green.

2. We (not) friends.

3. I in the football team.

4. Alex and Tom in my class.

5. My teacher (not) Mr Smith.

6. I (not) 15 years old.

3 Complete the questions with the correct form of to be.

1. you at home now?

2. Sam in Year 9?

3. the students in the classroom?

4. I in your class?

5. it Tuesday today?

Choose the correct answer.

1. The pencils am not / isn’t / are on my desk.

2. Jack am / isn’t / are 18 years old.

3. Teachers am / are / aren’t usually children.

4. Am / Is / Are the boys at school today?

5. I am not / is / are not at home now.

6. Am / Is / Are your pencil case blue?

7. Yes, I am / am not / is in the classroom.

8. Monday is / isn’t / are the first day of the week.

Answers, see page 32

Grammar Appendix


Grammar Appendix

Galdetzaileak

Galdetzaileak “bai” edo “ez” batekin erantzun ezin daitezkeen galderetan bakarrik erabiltzen dira.Who is he? He’s my friend. (Nor da? Nire laguna da.)What is that? It’s a tablet. (Zer da hori? Tablet bat da.)Where are your books? They’re on my desk. (Non daude zure liburuak? Nire mahai gainean daude.)When is the first lesson? It’s at 9.00. (Noiz da lehen klasea? 9:00etan.)Why are they at school? Because it’s Monday. (Zergatik daude eskolan? Astelehena delako.)

this, that, these, those erakusleak

This – hauThat – hori, huraThese – hauekThose – horiek, haiek

Erreferentzia egiten dioten izena hiztunarengandik gertu ala urrun dagoen adierazten dute. Bat datoz izenarekin zenbakian (singularra / plurala).

Bakarka joaten badira, izenordainak dira.That is my schoolbag. (Hura nire motxila da.)These are your pens. (Hauek zure boligrafoak dira.)

Izen baten aurrean badoaz, adjektiboak dira.This book is good. (Liburu hau ona da.)Those students are in Year 9. (Ikasle hauek bederatzigarren mailan daude.)

4 Complete the questions with Who, What, Where, When or Why. Then match the questions to the answers.

1. is New York?

2. is your best friend?

3. is Christmas?

4. are the students at home?

5. is this word in English?

a. David.

b. It’s ruler.

c. Because it’s Saturday.

d. In the USA.

e. 25th December.


1. This / These is my book.

2. That / Those students are in Year 7.

3. That / These school is for girls.

4. These / This pens are green.

5. Those / That is my teacher.

6. This / Those are my friends.

Check Yourself!Choose the correct answer.

1. Where / Why is my notebook?

2. When / Who is the maths teacher?

3. Why / What is your name?

4. Where / When is the English room?

5. When / What is the geography lesson?

6. Who / Why is your pencil in your schoolbag?

7. Where / When is your birthday?

8. What / Who is the first lesson?



Grammar Appendix

unit 1

Have got

Have got aditzak “eduki” esan nahi du. Guk duguna adierazten du, edo zerbait deskribatzean, zerbait horrek dituen ezaugarriak.

Have got forma I, you, we eta they pertsonekin erabiltzen da, eta has got, berriz, he, she eta it pertsonekin.We have got Tuenti accounts. (Tuenti kontuak ditugu.) Romania has got a blue, yellow and red flag. (Errumaniak bandera urdina, horia eta gorria du.)

Ezezkoetarako not partikula gehitzen da edo n’t laburbildua (haven’t / hasn’t). Forma laburtuak beti ere gehiago erabiltzen dira.Daniel hasn’t got a middle name. (Danielek ez du bigarren izenik.)

Galderak Have / Has + subjektua + got hurrenkeraz osatzen dira. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua erabiltzen da, eta ondoren have / haven’t edo has / hasn’t, baina got gabe osatzen dira.Have you got friends on Facebook? Yes, I have. (Lagunik baduzu Facebooken? Bai.)Has Ann got a brother? No, she hasn’t. (Annek badu anaiarik? Ez.)


1. Alex haven’t got / hasn’t got a rubber.

2. Dan and Sue has got / have got €2,000.

3. The boys hasn’t got / haven’t got books.

4. She has got / have got my pen.

5. Schools have got / haven’t got teachers.

6. Have / Has we got homework?

7. A week has got / hasn’t got eight days.

8. Have / Has he got an e-mail address?


1 Complete the sentences with have got or has got.

1. Alice a Facebook account.

2. Mark and Sam blue notebooks.

3. We homework tonight.

4. Tom money from China.

5. My friends new mobile phones.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative form of have got.

1. Beth my tablet.

2. I (not) a pencil today.

3. January 31 days.

4. The girls a website.

5. Our school (not) a computer room.

3 Write questions with Have got or Has got and the words below. Then answer the questions.

1. you / a pencil / in your schoolbag

2. your partner / a ruler / on his/her desk

3. your mobile phone / a camera

4. your friends / a website

5. your teacher / your notebook


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!

Jabetza-adjektiboak

my nire

your zure

his haren (gizonezkoaren)

her haren (emakumezkoaren)

its haren (gauza edo animaliaren)

our gure

your zuen

their haien

Zerbait edo norbait norena den adierazten dute.

Jabeak garen elementuaren (izenaren) aurretik doaz beti, honen generoa nola numeroa kontuan izan barik: our car (gure autoa) – our bikes (gure bizikletak).

Hirugarren pertsona singularrean hiru forma guztiz desberdinak daude, jabea gizonezkoa (his), emakumezkoa (her) edo neutroa (its) dela azaltzeko.His father is Chinese. (Haren [gizonezkoa] aita txinatarra da.)Her surname is Green. (Haren [emakumezkoa] abizena Green da.)

Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives.

1. We’ve got a new house. house is big.

2. I’ve got a mobile phone. phone is red.

3. The dog has got a ball. ball is red.

4. Boris is Russian. English isn’t very good.

5. You haven’t got a pen. Is this pen?

6. J ake and Sue have got a new car. car is yellow.

7. Amber is from France. nationality is French.

8. We haven’t got an English lesson today. teacher isn’t here.



1. Ellen has got a friend from China. Her / His / Its friend is nice.

2. Max and Martin are in Class 8B. His / Their / Your teacher is Mr Burton.

3. The USA hasn’t got euros. Its / My / Your money is dollars.

4. We’ve got a new English teacher. Their / His / Our teacher is from Scotland.

5. I’m 13 years old. His / My / Their birthday is in May.


Grammar Appendix

unit 2

Present Simple baiezko eranPresent Simple honako hauek adierazteko erabiltzen da:

ohiko ekintzak eta ordutegiak I have a shower every morning. (Goizero dutxatzen naiz.)gustuak eta iritziak I like my smartphone. (Nire smartphonea gustatzen zait.)egia orokorrak We have dinner in the evening. (Gauetan afaltzen dugu.)

Baiezkoan infinitiboaren forma du, baina to gabe, 3. pertsona singularrean izan ezik, honi -s gehitzen baitiogu. Eta kasu batzuetan, aditzaren bukaeraren arabera, -es gehituko diogu:

• ss, sh, ch edo x batez bukatzen bada. miss ➝ misses finish ➝ finishes watch ➝ watches fix ➝ fixes

• o batez bukatzen bada. do ➝ does go ➝ goes

• Kontsonantea + y bukaera badu, y kendu eta i batez ordezten da, -es gehitu aurretik. study ➝ studies

Present Simple aldiarekin honako denbora-esamoldeak joaten dira, maiz: every day / week / year (egunero / astero / urtero), once / twice a year (urtean behin / bitan), on + asteko eguna pluralean, at night (gauean), in the morning (goizean), in the summer (udan), etab. Esaldiaren hasieran edo bukaeran ager daitezke guztiak; bukaeran, hala ere, sarriago ikusiko ditugu.We go to the theatre on Sundays. (Antzerkira joaten gara igandeetan.)

Honako maiztasun-adberbioak ere ohiz erabiltzen dira Present Simple aldiarekin:always (beti) often (maiz) rarely (gutxitan)usually (normalean) sometimes (batzuetan) never (inoiz ez)

Adberbio hauek ekintzak zenbatetan egiten ditugun adierazten dute. Aditzaren aurrean kokatzen dira, to be aditzaren kasuan izan ezik, honen ondoren joaten baitira.I often play the guitar in the afternoon. (Maiz jotzen dut gitarra arratsaldean.)I am never late for school. (Inoiz ez naiz berandu iristen eskolara.)


1. Tom go / goes to school at a half past eight. 4. My cat sleep / sleeps all day.

2. My parents speak / speaks five languages. 5. We finish / finishes dinner at 8.00.

3. Linda study / studies dance at the Royal Ballet School.

2 Look at the chart. Then write sentences with the words below and the correct adverbs of frequency.

1. Lucy / go / to bed / at 10.00

2. Ryan and Lucy / have / breakfast

3. Ryan / watch / TV / in the morning

4. Ryan / do / homework / at school

5. Ryan and Lucy / read / a book / at night

6. Lucy / watch TV / in the morning

watch TV in the morning

read a book at night

go to bed at 10.00

do homework at school

have breakfast

always

usually

often

sometimes

rarely

never

Key

Ryan

Lucy


Grammar Appendix

Genitibo saxoia

Jabetza adierazten du. Pertsonekin, animaliekin eta lekuekin (hiriak, herrialdeak, etab.) erabiltzen da. Izen bati apostrofoa (’) eta s bat gehitzean datza.Sally’s computer (Sally-ren ordenagailua)the dog’s food (txakurraren jatekoa)London’s weather (Londresko eguraldia)

Izena plurala eta erregularra bada, edo s batez amaitzen bada, apostrofoa gehituko dugu besterik gabe; baina plural irregularra bada, ’s erantsiko diogu.my parents’ room (nire gurasoen logela)the children’s teacher (umeen irakaslea)

Izen berezia s batez bukatzen bada, apostrofoa gehitu diezaiokegu soilik, edo, osterantzean, ’s.Charles’ / Charles’s cat (Charles-en katua)

Gauzekin of preposizioa erabiltzen da, eta ez genitibo saxoia.the door of the car (autoaren atea)


1. She go / goes to school on Mondays.

2. Our teacher usually wear / wears black shoes.

3. I tidy / tidies my room once a week.

4. The school year always / never starts in September.

5. We visit / visits my grandmother every week.

6. Small children usually / rarely read the newspaper.

7. Steve live / lives in London.

8. You always have / has a sandwich for lunch.


3 Complete the sentences with the Saxon Genitive form of the words in brackets.

1. (My father) car is black.

2. (The children) schoolbags are on their chairs.

3. (The boys) rooms are big.

4. (Ben) house is on Mulberry Street.

5. (The girl) dog is black.

Check Yourself!Write sentences with the Saxon Genitive and the words below.

1. the students / books / are / new

2. Mike / brother / is / Harry

3. my sister / best friend / is / American

4. my parents / names / are / Jane and Jack

5. Linda / tablet / is / new

6. the teacher / book / is / on the table

7. I / like / Greg / mobile phone

8. Harriet / lives / in / her grandparents / house



Grammar Appendix

unit 3

Present Simple ezezkoetan eta galderazkoetanEzezkoetan do not (don’t) kokatzen da aditzaren aurrean. 3. pertsona singularrean does not (doesn’t) erabiltzen da.I don’t send text messages. (Ez dut testu mezurik bidaltzen.)Mike doesn’t read magazines. (Mikek ez du aldizkaririk irakurtzen.)

Galderetan Do jartzen da esaldiaren hasieran, eta Does 3. pertsona singularra bada. Era honetara, does partikulak 3. pertsona singularra dela adierazten duenez, ez zaio -s gehituko aditz nagusiari. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua eta do / does erabiltzen dira baiezkoak badira, eta don’t / doesn’t ezezkoak badira.Galderak galdetzaile bat badarama, galdetzailea joango da do / does partikulen aurretik.Does Cathy ride a bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. (Cathy bizikletan ibiltzen al da? Bai. / Ez.)Where do you go on Sundays? (Nora joaten zara igandeetan?)

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the negative form of the Present Simple.

1. My cat (like) dogs.

2. Angela hates animals. She (want) a pet.

3. Elephants eat plants. They (eat) other animals.

4. A Siberian tiger (weigh) 100 kilos. It weighs about 300 kilos.

5. On Sundays, we (go) to school.

6. Blue whales (live) on land.

2 Write sentences with the words below and the Present Simple negative.

1. I / not wear / jeans / at school

2. Andy / not like / dogs

3. the teacher / not use / a tablet

4. they / not watch / TV / every day

5. my grandmother / not understand / the Internet

3 Change the words in bold to make negative sentences. Use the words in brackets.

1. The blue whale lives for 40 years. (60 years)

2. My mother makes pizza on Fridays. (on Sundays)

3. We study English on Wednesdays. (French)

4. Dad goes to work every morning. (every afternoon)

5. I get up at 7.00. (8.00)

The blue whale doesn’t live for 60 years.


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!

1. you (study) French at school?

2. your brother or sister (go) to your school?

3. your teacher (live) on your street?

4. your parents (work) at home?

5. you (like) pop music?

5 Answer the questions in Exercise 4. Make them true for you.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6 Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Simple.

1. who / Mr Green / teach

2. when / the TV programme / start

3. where / you / go / to / school

4. what / elephants / eat

5. how / you / study for tests

6. why / Rachel / need / a new mobile phone

Choose the correct answer.

1. Nigel and George usually ride / rides a bike on Saturdays.

2. Do / Does she want to come to the party?

3. My mum don’t like / doesn’t like snakes.

4. Where do / does you go to school?

5. Fish don’t walk / doesn’t walk.

6. My cat never sleep / sleeps in my bed.

7. Do / Does you sometimes help at the zoo?

8. What do / does your canary eat?


4 Complete the questions with Do or Does and the verbs in brackets.


Grammar Appendix

unit 4

Present Continuous

Present Continuous aldiak hitz egiteko unean nahiz une horren inguruan gertatzen ari dena adierazten du. Sarri ikusiko ditugu aldi honekin honako denbora-esamolde hauek: at the moment (une honetan), now (orain), right now (oraintxe bertan), today (gaur), this week (aste honetan), etab. Esamolde horiek guztiak esaldiaren hasieran nola bukaeran ager daitezke, bukaeran ohikoagoak izan arren.

Baiezkoa osatzen da to be aditzaren orainaldiarekin (am, is, are) + -ing bukaera daraman aditz batekin.Tom is sleeping now. (Tom lotan dago orain.)

Ezezkoan not partikula gehitzen zaie am, is eta are formei, edo n’t laburbildua is nahiz are formei (isn’t / aren’t).The students aren’t studying for the test. (Ikasleak ez dira ari azterketarako ikasten.)

Galderak Am / Is / Are + subjektua + -ing amaieradun aditz batekin eratzen dira. Baiezko erantzun motzetarako pertsona-izenordain subjektua eta am, is edo are erabiltzen dira. Ezezkoetan, berriz, is eta are laburbildu egiten dira not partikularekin.Galdera galdetzaile batekin hasten bada, hori am / is / are aditzen aurretik doa.Is Ben cleaning his room at the moment? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. (Ben bere logela txukuntzen ari al da une honetan? Bai. Ez.)What is Ben doing? (Zer ari da egiten Ben?)

Honako kasu hauetan, -ing bukaera gehitzerakoan, ortografia-arau hauek jarraitu behar dira:

• e mutuaz amaituek e galdu egiten dute. make ➝ making have ➝ having ride ➝ riding• Silaba bakarrekoek, bokal batez + kontsonante batez bukatuek, kontsonante hori bikoizten dute. shop ➝ shopping swim ➝ swimming get ➝ getting


1. I am doing / is doing / are doing my homework right now.

2. They am waiting / is waiting / are waiting for you in the garden.

3. She am swimming / is swimming / are swimming now.

4. We am having / is having / are having dinner right now.

5. Brian am sleeping / is sleeping / are sleeping at the moment.

2 Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous affirmative form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Linda and John (watch) a film at the moment.

2. We (sit) in the garden now.

3. Tom (study) right now.

4. The dog (eat) at the moment.

5. I (tidy) my room right now.

3 Complete the sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous negative.

listen•talk•use•play•visit

1. They football right now.

2. He my tablet at the moment.

3. I to music at the moment.

4. Eleanor on the phone now.

5. My parents friends right now.

4 Complete the questions with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. Dad (make) breakfast today?

2. Where Linda and Sam (meet) Emma?

3. Why Tom (come) with us?

4. I (sit) on your chair?

5. you (send) a text message to Alex?

6. What she (do) with my tablet?


Grammar Appendix

Present Simple / Present Continuous aditz-denboren arteko aldea

Present Simple erabiltzen da ohiko ekintzez hitz egiteko; Present Continuous, kontrara, hitz egiteko unean gertatzen ari dena deskribatzeko.I tidy my room every day. (Egunero txukuntzen dut nire gela.)I am tidying my room now. (Nire gela txukuntzen ari naiz orain.)

Denbora-esamoldeek laguntzen dute aditz-denbora bata bestearengatik bereizten.

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. They (not work) today.

2. I (wear) Mark’s hat?

3. Andy (tidy) the kitchen?

4. We (talk) about your house.

5. Alison (not use) the car today.

6. you (write) an e-mail now?

7. I (not talk) to Angela at the moment.

8. They (put) the baby to bed right now.



1. I am reading a book on Tuesdays / right now.

2. We go to the cinema at the moment / once a week.

3. Lizzie isn’t having lunch at the moment / every day.

4. The boys are doing their homework usually / now.

5. Every year / Right now, we visit my cousins in London.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.

1. Mark and Tom (play) tennis

right now. They (play) every Tuesday.

2. Mum usually (make) pizza on

Saturday nights. Today, she (not make) pizza.

3. you (watch)

TV right now? you always (watch) TV after dinner?

4. I usually

(not have) a big breakfast, but I (have) a big breakfast today.

Check Yourself!


1. We study / are studying music once a week.

2. I don’t read / am not reading this book at the moment.

3. Are they helping / Do they help you right now?

4. My cat always sits / is sitting on my chair.

5. Does Mark play / Is Mark playing with the dog now?

6. You never are using / use your mobile phone at school.

7. We aren’t chatting / don’t chat to our friends now.

8. Susie isn’t watching / doesn’t watch TV in the morning.



Grammar Appendix

unit 5

a, an, some, the

A / an artikulu mugagabea izen zenbakarri singularren aurrean doa, eta izen hori hiztunari ezezaguna zaionean erabiltzen da. Izen hori bokalez hasten bada, orduan, an forma erabiliko dugu.She has got a computer. (Ordenagailua du hark.)I use an umbrella in the rain. (Aterkia erabiltzen dut euritan.)

Some izen zenbakarri pluralekin eta izen zenbakaitzekin erabiltzen da baiezko esaldietan.John is buying some toys. (John jostailu batzuk erosten ari da.)I need some water. (Ur pixka bat behar dut.)

The artikulu mugatua izen zenbakarrien aurrean joaten da, eta zenbakaitzen aurrean, zerbait zehatza aipatzen denean edo lehen ere aipatua izan denean; baina inoiz ez gauzei buruz era orokorrean hitz egiten denean (kasu horretan, berdin dio zenbakarriak nola zenbakaitzak izan).The dog is sleeping. (Txakurra lotan dago. [zehatza])Dogs are great pets. (Txakurrak maskota oso onak dira.[orokorrean])

1 Complete the chart with the words below and a, an or some.

apple•sugar•strawberry•carrot•egg rice•orange•water•oil


1. I want a / an / some egg for breakfast.

2. We need some / a / an sugar for the cake.

3. A / An / The students have got a new teacher.

4. I’ve got a / an / some banana in my bag.

5. Look at a / an / the dog. It’s very big!

6. The girls have got the / some / a chips for lunch.

3 Write sentences with the words below. Add a, an or some.

1. Mark / wants / bike / for his birthday / .

2. have / we / got / tea / .

3. I / always / drink / orange juice / in the morning / .

4. my parents / have got / old / carpet / .

5. Sandra / has got / strawberries / .

6. Lorna / is cooking / big / chicken / for dinner / .

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with a, an, some or the.

1. Jake has got olives in his sandwich.

2. I like Ecuadorian flag.

3. Janice has got message for you.

4. I want sauce on my rice.

5. I’m buying food for dinner.

6. This is excellent book.

7. We’ve got new students in our class.

8. US President is in Italy at the moment.


Countable Nouns

Singular Plural Uncountable Nouns

an apple some apples


Grammar Appendix

There is / There are, any

Baiezkoa

There is (there’s laburtuta) egitura izen zenbakarri singularren edo izen zenbakaitzen aurrean joaten da. Ondoren, a / an edo some formak hartzen ditu. There are egitura, aldiz, izen zenbakarri pluralen aurretik bakarrik joan daiteke, eta some darama ondoren.There is a banana. (Banana bat dago.)There is some water. (Ur pixka bat dago.)There are some cucumbers. (Luzoker batzuk daude.)

Ezezkoa

There is / There are + not partikula (There is not / There are not) hurrenkera erabiliko dugu, edo n’t laburbildua (There isn’t / There aren’t). Izen zenbakarri pluralekin eta izen zenbakaitzekin, ondoren, any erabiltzen da.There isn’t any sugar. (Ez dago [batere] azukrerik.)There aren’t any sandwiches. (Ez dago sandwichik.)

Galderak eta erantzun motzak

Galderek Is / Are daramate there partikularen aurrean. Jarraian any daramate, eta izen zenbakarri bat pluralean edo izen zenbakaitz bat. Erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkerara itzuliko gara, eta ezezkoak badira hauek, forma laburtuak erabiliko ditugu.Is there any juice? Yes, there is. (Zukurik badago? Bai.)Are there any mushrooms in the salad? No, there aren’t. (Txanpiñoirik badago entsaladan? Ez.)

4 Complete the sentences with There is, There isn’t, There are or There aren’t.

1. an apple in my bag. Do you want it?

2. any children in the park.

3. some milk on the table.

4. any lettuce for the salad.

5. some olives on my pizza.

6. I’m sorry. a doctor at the clinic today.

5 Write questions with Is there or Are there and the words below.

1. an / onion / in the salad

2. any / drinks / in the kitchen

3. any / sauce / for the spaghetti

4. any / strawberries / in the fruit salad

5. a / good restaurant / on this street

How much / How manyHow much eta How many galdetzaileak erabiltzen dira zerbaiten kopurua edo zenbakia jakin nahi dugunean.

How many izen zenbakarri pluralez jarraitua ikusiko dugu. How many dogs are there? (Zenbat txakur daude?)

How much izen zenbakaitzen aurrean joaten da. How much milk is there? (Zenbat esne dago?)

How much galdetzailearen ondoren to be aditza doanean, gauza baten prezioa galdetzeko izango da. How much is the car? (Zenbat balio du autoak?)

Complete the questions with How much or How many.

1. water do you drink every day?

2. sandwiches have you got?

3. sugar do you want in your tea?

4. brothers have you got?

5. time have we got before the film?


1. There is / There are / Is there a new ice cream shop in town.

2. There are / Is there / Are there a dining room in your house?

3. There is / There are / There aren’t some mushrooms on the pizza.

4. Is there / Are there / There are any cheese in this cake?

5. Are there / There are / There aren’t any songs on my mobile phone.

6. There isn’t / There aren’t / Is there any milk for my coffee.

7. There aren’t / Is there / Are there any girls in the football team?

8. There is / There isn’t / There are an English lesson now. It’s tomorrow.


EXTRA!


Grammar Appendix

unit 6

can / can’t

Can moduzko aditzak gaitasuna (jakin), posibilitatea (ahal izan) eta zerbait egiteko baimena (ahal izan) adierazten du.He can surf. (Badaki surf egiten.)We can go today. (Gaur joan gaitezke.)You can use my computer. (Nire ordenagailua erabil dezakezu.)

Ezezkoetan cannot (banandu gabe) edo can’t forma laburtua erabiltzen da.I cannot swim. (Ez dakit igeri egiten.)They can’t call me. (Ezin didate deitu.)

Galderak osatzeko hurrenkera aldatzen da, subjektua Can aditzaren ondoren jarriz. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua erabiltzen da, eta gero can edo can’t.Can you do gymnastics? Yes, I can. (Gimnasia egiten badakizu? Bai.)Can I help you? No, you can’t. (Lagun diezazuket? Ez.)

Modu-adberbioak

Modu-adberbioek aditzak aldarazten dituzte, ekintza nola egiten den deskribatzen baitute. How ...? (Nola...?) galdetzaileaz hasitako galderak erantzuten dira beroriekin.

Gehienak erregularrak dira, eta dagokion adjektiboari -ly gehituz osatzen dira. Baina badaude goiko araua jarraitzen ez dutenak, eta, ondorioz, buruz ikasi behar dira (good – well, fast – fast, hard – hard, high – high).I can’t run quickly. (Ezin dut korrika azkar egin.)They can swim well. (Ongi dakite igeri egiten.)

1 Complete the sentences with can or can’t.

1. An elephant jump.

2. I’m sorry. I hear you.

3. My mobile phone has got a great camera. It take beautiful pictures.

4. Linda is four years old. She walk and talk.

5. Alex help you now. He’s working.

6. We go to the park. It’s a nice day.

2 Write questions with the words below and Can. Then match the questions to the answers.

1. Greg / play / baseball

2. the girls / dance / well

3. your mobile phone / work / in water

4. Mrs Sheldon / snowboard

5. you / open / this window

a. No, it can’t.

b. No, I can’t.

c. Yes, she can.

d. Yes, he can.

e. No, they can’t.

3 Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives in brackets.

1. Tom dances (beautiful).

2. She always gets 100% in tests because she works very (hard).

3. Little children can’t sit (quiet).

4. Cathy can swim (fast).

5. These questions aren’t hard. You can answer them (easy).

6. The old man walks very (slow).


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!

must / mustn’t

Must aditzak zerbait egitea komenigarria, beharrezkoa edo nahitaezkoa dela adierazten du (“behar izan” esangura du).You must go to school. (Eskolara joan behar duzu.)

Kontrara, mustn’t ezezkoak (must eta not laburbilduz) debekua adierazten du, zerbait egiterik ez dagoela edo ezin dela, ez delako komeni egitea edo ez delako zuzena.You mustn’t kick the ball. (Ezin diozu baloiari ostikorik eman. [debekatuta dago])We mustn’t be late. (Ezin dugu berandu iritsi. [ez dago ondo])

Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

1. Shh! We be quiet.

2. I tidy my room once a week.

3. You sit there. It’s the teacher’s chair.

4. Dogs eat chocolate. It’s very bad for them.

5. You bounce the ball in basketball.

6. I have any cake. I’m on a diet.

7. We get some money. I’ve only got £5.

8. You write in your Student’s Book. Use your notebook.


4 Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

1. You’re tired. You go to bed.

2. Students eat during the lesson.

3. You feed your dog every day.

4. You talk during the concert.

5. The exam starts at 9.00. We be late.

5 Match the sentences in A to the sentences in B.

A

1. It’s very hot today.

2. Jess doesn’t know about her surprise party.

3. Next week is Dad’s birthday.

4. The children are hungry.

5. The boys have got a test tomorrow.

B

a. They must eat.

b. You must remember to drink.

c. They mustn’t go out tonight.

d. We must buy him a present.

e. We mustn’t tell her.


1. I’ve got a ball. We can / can’t play basketball.

2. She always does good / well in exams.

3. Susan reads fast / slowly. She can read a book in a day.

4. I can / can’t hear the teacher. What is she saying?

5. Luke can’t kick a ball. He plays football badly / well.

6. Tom is only three years old, but he can / can’t ski.

7. She doesn’t understand you. She can / can’t speak English.

8. Johnny sings beautifully / fast. He can be a singer.



Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!


1. Yesterday, Mark and I was / were at the museum.

2. I was / were at the church on Sunday.

3. It was / wasn’t cold yesterday, but today it’s hot.

4. Tom was / wasn’t at school because he was ill.

5. They wasn’t / were at the café ten minutes ago.

6. You were / weren’t at the party on Friday night. Why not?

2 Write questions with was and were and the words below.

1. it / cold / yesterday

2. you / at the bank / on Friday

3. when / your tenth birthday

4. where / your friends / 20 minutes ago

5. your parents / at your school / yesterday

6. who / your English teacher / last year

Complete the sentences with the correct form of was or were.

1. Mike and Sam at the supermarket on Saturday.

2. I (not) at the sports centre last week.

3. it hot yesterday?

4. We (not) at home an hour ago.

5. What the first lesson yesterday?

6. They at the museum on Saturday.

7. you in the football team last year?

8. Why you sad yesterday morning?


To be aditza lehenaldian: was / wereTo be aditzaren lehenaldia iraganeko gertaerak kontatzeko edo deskribatzeko erabiltzen da.

Baiezkoan, was erabiltzen da subjektua I, he, she edo it denean, eta were subjektua we, you eta they denean.

Ekintza gertatu zen unea adierazteko, perpausek honako denbora-esamolde hauetakoren bat eraman ohi dute: yesterday (atzo), last night / month / Monday (bart/ joan den hilean/ joan den astelehenean), the other day (lehengoan), a year ago (orain dela urte bete), etab. Guztiak perpausaren hasieran ala bukaeran joan daitezke; bukaeran, ordea, ohikoagoak dira.Daniel was at the bank yesterday. (Daniel banketxean egon zen atzo.)We were at the museum the other day. (Museoan egon ginen lehengoan.)

Ezezkoan, not partikula edo n’t (wasn’t / weren’t) laburdura gehitzen zaio.He wasn’t at the bookshop. (Ez zegoen liburu-dendan.)

Galderetan, Was / Were hasieran kokatzen dira. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua erabiltzen da, eta, ondoren, was / wasn’t edo were / weren’t.Galderak galdetzailea badarama, hori joango da aurrena, was / were formen aurretik.Were the boys at the stadium? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. (Mutilak estadioan egon / izan al ziren? Bai. / Ez.)When was the party? (Noiz izan zen festa?)

3 Answer the questions in Exercise 2 so they are true for you.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

unit 7


Grammar Appendix


1. There was / There were some famous people at the sports centre yesterday.

2. There was / There were some money on the table 10 minutes ago.

3. Was there / Were there any people at the church this morning?

4. There wasn’t / There weren’t a shop in the hospital last year.

5. There wasn’t / There weren’t any interesting books at the bookshop.

6. Were there / Was there a cinema on your street five years ago?

7. Was there / Were there any good food at the restaurant?


There was / There wereThere is eta There are formen lehenaldiko aldaerak dira; beraz, “zegoen” eta “zeuden” esangura dute.

There was egiturak gauza bat zegoela adierazten du; horregatik, izen zenbakarri singular batek jarraitzen dio edo izen zenbakaitz batek.There was a café in the shopping centre. (Kafetegi bat zegoen merkataritza-gunean.)There was information on the Internet. (Interneten zegoen informazioa.)

There were aldaerak bi gauza edo gehiago zeudela adierazten du, eta, ondorioz, izen zenbakarri pluralekin joaten da.There were sweets on the shelf. (Goxokiak zeuden apalean.)

Ezezkoan not partikula edo n’t (wasn’t / weren’t) laburdura erabiltzen da, eta erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkerara itzuliko gara. Ezezkoak badira, forma laburtuak erabiltzen dira.There weren’t any people at the bank. (Ez zegoen [batere] jenderik bankuan.)

Galderazkoetan, Was / Were jartzen da there erakuslearen aurretik, eta erantzun laburretan hitz-ordena arrunta erabiltzen da berriz ere. Ezezkoak badira, forma laburtuak erabiltzen dira.Were there children at the sports centre? Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. (Umerik bazegoen kiroldegian? Bai. / Ez.)

4 Complete the sentences with There was, There wasn’t, There were or There weren’t.

5. (not) a butcher’s in this town ten years ago.

6. two restaurants on this street in the past.

7. (not) any information on the Internet.

1. a bakery here last year.

2. (not) any computers 200 years ago.

3. three cafés at the shopping centre two years ago.

4. some milk in the fridge yesterday.

5 Complete the questions with Was there or Were there.

1. a restaurant opposite the shops?

2. any good films at the cinema last week?

3. any homework yesterday?

4. any famous people at the football match?

5. a good exhibition at the museum?

6. any apple juice at the supermarket?


Grammar Appendix

unit 8

Past Simple baiezko eranPast Simple aldia erabiltzen da iraganeko une zehatz batean gertatutako ekintzak adierazteko eta istorioak lehenaldian kontatzeko. Ekintza noiz gertatu zen adierazteko, to be aditzaren lehenaldiarekin erabiltzen diren denbora-esamolde berak erabiltzen dira.I bought new trainers last week. (Kiroletako oinetako berri batzuk erosi nituen joan den astean.)

Aditz erregularren Past Simple aldia aditzaren oinarrizko formari -ed gehituz osatzen da. Horregatik, arreta jarri behar zaie honako ortografia-arau hauei:

• e mutuaz amaitzen bada, -d hartuko du soilik. live ➝ lived

• Aditza silaba bakarrekoa bada eta bokal 1 + kontsonante 1 baditu amaieran, kontsonante hori bikoiztu egiten da.

stop ➝ stopped

• Kontsonantea + y amaieraduna bada, y hori i bilakatuko da. carry ➝ carried

Aditz irregularrek ez dute inongo araurik jarraitzen, eta, horrenbestez, buruz ikasi behar dira lehenaldiko formak. 33-34 orrialdeetan duzu zerrenda.

1 Complete the chart with the verbs below in the corrrect Past Simple form.

walk•go•carry•change•do•study•talk have•cry•dance•worry•work•like watch•make•bounce

-ed -d -ied Irregular Verbs

2 Complete the sentences with the Past Simple affirmative form of the verbs below.

hate•walk•stop•talk•watch•open

1. I to school yesterday.

2. On Saturday, we TV all day.

3. The new shop a week ago.

4. The bus outside the stadium.

5. Everyone the film. It was terrible!

6. Carol and I on the phone last night.

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple affirmative.

1. Sally (buy) some jeans at the shopping centre.

2. I (see) that film last week.

3. On Wednesday, we (sell) our house.

4. Liam and I (go) to the museum last week.

5. I (read) a fantastic book last month.

6. Mum (take) me to the doctor yesterday.


Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the Past Simple affirmative form of the verbs below.

start•visit•buy•write•study•see•walk•wear

1. Alison her new sweater at school yesterday.

2. The game five minutes ago.

3. They a new car last week.

4. I an e-mail to Mark last Friday.

5. We for the exam last night.

6. Louis the dog an hour ago.

7. Martin and William a good film on Tuesday.

8. The students a museum a month ago.


4 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences. Use the Past Simple affirmative form of the verbs.

1. she / last night / wear / a pink dress

2. I / yesterday / during the film / cry

3. two minutes ago / arrive / the train

4. become / rock music / popular / in the 60s

5. at 8.00 / the clock / stop

6. sing / last week / in a concert / Mindy

5 Complete the text with the Past Simple affirmative of the verbs in brackets.

Last week, my family and I 1. (visit) Covent Garden in London. We 2. (see) a funny street show. Then, we 3. (go) shopping.

I 4. (buy) a jacket for only £10. There were some musicians in

a restaurant, so we 5. (have) lunch at the restaurant and we 6. (listen) to the music. It was a great day!


Grammar Appendix

unit 9

Etorkizuna be going to egiturarekin

Baiezkoa to be aditzaren orainaldia + going to + aditzoin batekin osatzen da, eta “aditz nagusiaren erroari -go / -ko gehitu + aditz laguntzailea” itzul daiteke. Gure egitasmoei eta erabakiei buruz hitz egiteko erabiltzen denez, ekintzak noiz gertatuko diren adieraziko duten etorkizuneko denbora-esamoldeak aurkituko ditugu maiz: tomorrow (bihar), later (geroago), soon (laster), in an hour (ordu bete barru), next week (datorren astean), etab.I’m going to fly to London tomorrow. (Bihar Londresera noa hegazkinez.)

Ezezko era osatzeko not partikula edo n’t laburtua gehitu behar zaio to be aditzari.She isn’t going to visit her family this summer. (Hark ez du bere familia bisitatuko uda honetan.)

Galderak Am / Is / Are + subjektua + going to + aditzoina kokatuz osatzen dira. Eta erantzun motzak pertsona-izenordain subjektua + to be aditzarekin osatzen dira; laburbiltzeke, baiezkoak badira, edo not partikularekin laburtuta, ezezkoak badira.Are your friends going to go to a party on Saturday? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. (Zure lagunak festa batera doaz larunbatean? Bai. / Ez.)What are you going to do this weekend?(Zer egingo duzu aste bukaera honetan?)

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets and the correct form of be going to.

1. Albert (go) to Italy this summer.

2. Amber (buy) a motorbike?

3. We (not play) football on Saturday.

4. When Sam (call) you?

5. Linda and I (meet) at the café.

6. the boys (come) tomorrow?

7. What you (do) this summer?

8. I (not invite) Rachel to my party. Answers, see page 32

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative form of be going to.

1. Susan and Alice (buy) shoes later.

2. My dad (not work) at home today.

3. I (do) my homework tonight.

4. We (not watch) that TV programme again.

5. Next year, Max (visit) his grandparents in Italy.

6. I (not eat) meat for a week!

2 Write questions with the words below and be going to. Then answer the questions so they are true for you.

1. you / fly / on an aeroplane / next week

2. when / the lesson / end

3. you / ride / a bike / on Saturday

4. your English teacher / teach / you / tomorrow

5. what / your best friend / do / at the weekend

6. how / you / go / home / later


Grammar Appendix

Present Continuous etorkizun zentzuarekinEtorkizun hurbilean gertatuko diren aldez aurretik finkaturiko ekintzak iragartzeko erabiltzen da. Etorkizuneko zentzu hori argi gera dadin, ekintza noiz gertatuko den azaldu behar da, denbora-esamoldeak erabiliz (be going to aldiarekin erabiltzen diren berberak).We are leaving at nine o’clock tomorrow. (Bihar bederatziak puntuan aterako gara.)

Be going to egiturarekin duen aldea zera da: honekin intentzioaz soilik dihardugula, eta etorkizun adiera duen Present Continuous egiturarekin, aldiz, ziurtasun osoz gertatuko den zerbaitez, aldez aurretik finkatua baitago.I am playing tennis next Saturday. (Tenisean jokatzera noa datorren larunbatean.)4. unitatean ikusi zenuen nola osatzen zen Present Continuous denbora, baiezko, ezezko, galdera eta erantzun motz egituretan.I am buying a smartphone tomorrow. (Bihar smartphone bat erostera noa.)My father is not driving to work later. (Nire aita ez doa autoz lanera gero.)Are you taking the bus in an hour? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. (Autobusa hartuko al duzue ordu bete barru? Bai. / Ez.) Who is having a party on Friday? (Nork du festa ostiralean?)

Complete the sentences with the correct object pronouns.

1. I’m talking. Are you listening to ?

2. Jack needs a pen. Please give this pen to .

3. The girls are waiting for you. Can you talk to ?

4. That milk is bad. Don’t drink .

5. We’re going to visit Uncle Peter. Do you want to come with ?

3 Complete the sentences with the correct Present Continuous form of the verbs below.

arrive•notcall•have•play•make•notcome

1. Tom and Guy volleyball on Friday.

2. The plane at half past twelve.

3. Bruce and Martin a party on Saturday night?

4. Ann is ill. She to the café later.

5. I Lynne tonight. I’m busy.

6. When Alexis dinner?

Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets and the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. We (leave) in five minutes.

2. Why you (fly) to France next week?

3. James (play) football tomorrow.

4. you (take) the dog to the park soon?


5. We (not have) an exam on Friday.

6. I (not go) to the party tomorrow.

7. What Jess (do) this evening?

8. Tom (not buy) a scooter later.

Pertsona-izenordain objektuakme ni (niri)you zu (zuri)him hura (hari [gizonezkoari])her hura (hari [emakumezkoari])

Objektu-funtzioa dute esaldian, hots, osagarri zuzenarena, zeharkakoarena edo zirkunstantzialarena.I called him last night. (Atzo gauen deitu nion.)She gave us the books. (Liburuak eman zizkigun.)They came with me. (Nirekin etorri ziren.)

it hura (hari [gauza edo animaliari])us gu (guri)you zuek (zuei)them haiek (haiei)

EXTRA!


Introduction, page 12, To be aditza orainaldian

1. are 3. aren’t 5. am not 7. am2. isn’t 4. Are 6. Is 8. is

Introduction, page 13, Galdetzaileak

1. Where 3. What 5. When 7. When2. Who 4. Where 6. Why 8. What

Unit 1, page 14, Have got

1. hasn’t got 5. have got2. have got 6. Have3. haven’t got 7. hasn’t got4. has got 8. Has

Unit 1, page 15, Jabetza-adjektiboak

1. Our 3. Its 5. your 7. Her2. My 4. His 6. Their 8. Our

Unit 2, page 16, Present Simple baiezko eran

1. goes 3. tidy 5. visit 7. lives2. wears 4. always 6. rarely 8. have

Unit 2, page 17, Genitibo saxoia

1. The students’ books are new.2. Mike’s brother is Harry. 3. My sister’s best friend is American.4. My parents’ names are Jane and Jack.5. Linda’s tablet is new.6. The teacher’s book is on the table.7. I like Greg’s mobile phone.8. Harriet lives in her grandparents’ house.

Unit 3, page 18, Present Simple ezezkoetan, eta galderazkoetan

1. ride 5. don’t walk2. Does 6. sleeps3. doesn’t like 7. Do4. do 8. does

Unit 4, page 20, Present Continuous

1. aren’t working 5. isn’t using2. Am … wearing 6. Are … writing3. Is … tidying 7. am not talking4. are talking 8. are putting

Unit 4, page 21, Present Simple / Present Continuous aditz-denboren arteko aldea

1. study 5. Is Mark playing2. am not reading 6. use3. Are they helping 7. aren’t chatting4. sits 8. doesn’t watch

Unit 5, page 22, a, an, some, the

1. some 3. a 5. some 7. some2. the 4. some 6. an 8. The

Unit 5, page 23, There is / There are, any

1. There is 5. There aren’t 2. Is there 6. There isn’t3. There are 7. Are there 4. Is there 8. There isn’t

Unit 6, page 24, can / can’t; Modu-adberbioak

1. can 3. fast 5. badly 7. can’t2. well 4. can’t 6. can 8. beautifully

Unit 6, page 25, must / mustn’t

1. must 3. mustn’t 5. must 7. must2. must 4. mustn’t 6. mustn’t 8. mustn’t

Unit 7, page 26, To be aditza lehenaldian: was / were

1. were 3. Was 5. was 7. Were2. wasn’t 4. weren’t 6. were 8. were

Unit 7, page 27, There was / There were

1. There were 5. There weren’t2. There was 6. Was there3. Were there 7. Was there4. There wasn’t

Unit 8, page 28, Past Simple baiezko eran

1. wore 3. bought 5. studied 7. saw2. started 4. wrote 6. walked 8. visited

Unit 9, page 30, Etorkizuna be going to egiturarekin

1. is going to go 5. are going to meet2. Is … going to buy 6. Are … going to come3. aren’t going to play 7. are … going to do4. is … going to call 8. am not going to invite

Unit 9, page 31, Present Continuous etorkizun zentzuarekin

1. are leaving 5. aren’t having2. are … flying 6. am not going3. is playing 7. is … doing4. Are … taking 8. isn’t buying

Grammar Appendix check yourself! answer key


BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) EUSKARA

be /VA/ was/were /rFh/rK/ been /VAm/ izan, egonbeat /VAW/ beat /VAW/ beaten /'VAWm/ jobecome /VB'YJl/ became /VB'YMl/ become /VB'YJl/ bihurtu, bilakatubegin /VB'ZBm/ began /VB'Zæm/ begun /VB'ZJm/ hasibend /VCmX/ bent /VCmW/ bent /VCmW/ tolestubet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ apustu eginbite /VOW/ bit /VBW/ bitten /'VBWm/ kosk eginbleed /VoAX/ bled /VoCX/ bled /VoCX/ odola jarioblow /VoLH/ blew /VoI/ blown /VoLHm/ putz eginbreak /VpMY/ broke /VpLHY/ broken /'VpLHYLm/ apurtubring /VpBn/ brought /VpGW/ brought /VpGW/ ekarribuild /VBoX/ built /VBoW/ built /VBoW/ eraikiburn /VKm/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ errebuy /VO/ bought /VGW/ bought /VGW/ erosicatch /Yæa/ caught /YGW/ caught /YGW/ harrapatu, hartuchoose /aIh/ chose /aLHh/ chosen /'aLHhm/ aukeratucome /YJl/ came /YMl/ come /YJl/ etorricost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ kostatucut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ moztudig /XBZ/ dug /XJZ/ dug /XJZ/ aitzurtu, zuloa egindo /XI/ did /XBX/ done /XJm/ egindraw /XpG/ drew /XpI/ drawn /XpGm/ marraztudream /XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ amets egindrink /XpBnY/ drank /XpænY/ drunk /XpJnY/ edandrive /XpOd/ drove /XpLHd/ driven /'XpBdm/ gidatueat /AW/ ate /CBW/ eaten /'AWm/ janfall /cGo/ fell /cCo/ fallen /'cGoLm/ erorifeed /cAX/ fed /cCX/ fed /cCX/ elikatu, jaten emanfeel /cAo/ felt /cCoW/ felt /cCoW/ sentitufight /cOW/ fought /cGW/ fought /cGW/ borrokatufind /cOmX/ found /cPmX/ found /cPmX/ aurkitufly /coO/ flew /coI/ flown /coLHm/ hegan eginforget /cL'ZCW/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ ahaztuforgive /cL'ZBd/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ barkatufreeze /cpAh/ froze /cpLHh/ frozen /'cpLHhm/ izoztuget /ZCW/ got /ZFW/ got /ZFW/ lortu, iritsigive /ZBd/ gave /ZMd/ given /'ZBdm/ emango /ZN/ went /rCmW/ gone /ZFm/ joangrow /ZpN/ grew /ZpI/ grown /ZpNm/ hazihang /kæn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ esekihave /kæd/ had /kæX/ had /kæX/ edukihear /kBL/ heard /kKX/ heard /kKX/ entzunhide /kOX/ hid /kBX/ hidden /'kBXm/ ezkutatuhit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ johold /kNoX/ held /kCoX/ held /kCoX/ eutsihurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ zauritu, min emankeep /YAU/ kept /YCUW/ kept /YCUW/ gorde, mantenduknow /mN/ knew /mqI/ known /mNm/ jakin, ezagutulay /oCB/ laid /oCBX/ laid /oCBX/ jarri, hedatulead /oAX/ led /oCX/ led /oCX/ zuzendu, gidatu

irregular Verb List


Irregular Verb List

BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) EUSKARA

learn /oKm/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ ikasileave /oAd/ left /oCcW/ left /oCcW/ utzi, irtenlend /oCmX/ lent /oCmW/ lent /oCmW/ prestatulet /oCW/ let /oCW/ let /oCW/ baimena eman, utzilie /oO/ lay /oCB/ lain /oCBm/ etzanlie /oO/ (regular verb) lied /oOX/ lied /oOX/ gezurra esanlight /oOW/ lit /oBW/ lit /oBW/ piztulose /oIh/ lost /oFgW/ lost /oFgW/ galdumake /lCBY/ made /lCBX/ made /lCBX/ eginmean /lAm/ meant /lCmW/ meant /lCmW/ esan nahimeet /lAW/ met /lCW/ met /lCW/ elkar ezagutu, bildupay /UM/ paid /UMX/ paid /UMX/ ordainduput /UHW/ put /UHW/ put /UHW/ jarri, ipiniread /pAX/ read /pCX/ read /pCX/ irakurriride /pOX/ rode /pLHX/ ridden /'pBXm/ gainean ibiliring /pBn/ rang /pæn/ rung /pJn/ deitu (telefonotik)rise /pOh/ rose /pLHh/ risen /'pBhm/ jaso, altxaturun /pJm/ ran /pæm/ run /pJm/ korrika eginsay /gM/ said /gCX/ said /gCX/ esansee /gA/ saw /gG/ seen /gAm/ ikusisell /gCo/ sold /gLHoX/ sold /gLHoX/ saldusend /gCmX/ sent /gCmW/ sent /gCmW/ bidaliset /gCW/ set /gCW/ set /gCW/ ezarri, ipinishake /iMY/ shook /iHY/ shaken /'iMYLm/ astindushine /iOm/ shone /iFm/ shone /iFm/ distiratushoot /iIW/ shot /iFW/ shot /iFW/ tiro eginshow /iLH/ showed /iLHX/ shown /iLHm/ erakutsishut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ itxising /gBn/ sang /gæn/ sung /gJn/ abestusink /gBnY/ sank /gænY/ sunk /gJnY/ urperatu, hondoratusit /gBW/ sat /gæW/ sat /gæW/ eserisleep /goAU/ slept /goCUW/ slept /goCUW/ lo eginsmell /glCo/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ usainduspeak /gUAY/ spoke /gULHY/ spoken /'gULHYLm/ hitz eginspell /gUCo/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ letreiatuspend /gUCmX/ spent /gUCmW/ spent /gUCmW/ gastatu, igaro (denbora)stand /gWæmX/ stood /gWHX/ stood /gWHX/ zutik egonsteal /gWAo/ stole /gWLHo/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ lapurtustick /gWBY/ stuck /gWJY/ stuck /gWJY/ itsatsisweep /grAU/ swept /grCUW/ swept /grCUW/ erraztatuswim /grBl/ swam /græl/ swum /grJl/ igeri egintake /WMY/ took /WHY/ taken /'WMYLm/ hartu; eramanteach /WAa/ taught /WGW/ taught /WGW/ irakatsitear /WCL/ tore /WG/ torn /WGm/ urratu, zartatutell /WCo/ told /WLHoX/ told /WLHoX/ esan, kontatuthink /eBnY/ thought /eGW/ thought /eGW/ pentsatuthrow /epN/ threw /epI/ thrown /epNm/ jaurti, botaunderstand /JmXC'gWæmX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ ulertuwake up /rMY 'JU/ woke up /rLHY 'JU/ woken up /rLHYLm 'JU/ esnatuwear /rCL/ wore /rG/ worn /rGm/ jantzita eraman, jantziwin /rBm/ won /rJm/ won /rJm/ irabaziwrite /pOW/ wrote /pLHW/ written /'pBWm/ idatzi


PUNTUAZIOA(Punctuation)

LETRA LARRIA(Capital letters)

DENBORA-PREPOSIZIOAK(Prepositions of time)

Letra larriz idazten dira:

• pertsonaizenak:Keith Simons

• zenbaitleku-izen,esatebaterako,hiri,herrialde,kontinente,eraikinospetsu,museo,etab.: Rome, England, Europe,Tower Bridge,Madame Tussauds

• herritartasunak:Irish, Moroccan

• egunak:Monday, Wednesday, Saturday

• hilabeteak: January, May, September

• esaldibatenlehenhitza:We are at school.

• Ipertsona-izenordaina:I am Welsh.

• hizkuntzak:English, French, Russian

Preposiziodesberdinakerabiltzendiraorduenetafesta-aldienaurrean,egunenetadatenaurrean,hilabeteen,urtaroen,urteenetaegun-zatienaurrean.Garrantzitsuadakasuankasukopreposizioegokiaerabiltzenjakitea.Begiraarretazhonakoadibidehauei:

• at orduak: at twelve o'clock

festa-aldiak: at Easter

• on astekoegunak: on Friday

datak: on 13th March

on Christmas Day

• in hilabeteak: in June

urtaroak: in winter

urteak: in 2018

egunekozatiak: in the afternoon

Salbuespenak: at the weekend

at night

• Puntua(.)baiezkoetaezezkoesaldienbukaeranerabiltzenda. Monkeys like bananas. Pandas don’t eat animals.• Galdera-ikurra(?)galderenamaieranbakarrikkokatzenda. Have you got a rabbit? Do zebras sleep at night?• Harridura-ikurra(!)esaldi-amaieranbakarrikdoabaitaere;emozioaketasentimenduakadieraztekoetazerbait

berezikinabarmentzekoerabiltzenda. Wow! This is great!• Komak(,)hitzakedoideiakbanantzenditu.Normalean,ezdiraandjuntagailuarenaurreanerabiltzen. Cats, dogs and hamsters are popular pets.

Writing Guide

Writing Guide

IH-011-270 36Action! ESO 1 Basque © B Burlington Books

Baiezko eta ezezko esaldi bateko subjektua aditzaren aurrean kokatzen da, eta objektua, berriz, atzean.

Dan cooks dinner. They aren’t feeding the dog. s v o s v o

Galderetan subjektua aditzaren ondoren doa, edo laguntzailearen eta aditz nagusiaren artean. Objektua atzean doa hemen ere.

Where is my desk? Does Laura speak French? v s aux s v o

Normalean, izenen aurrean doaz.

cold chips great rice adj n adj n

Eta to be aditzaren ondoren ere bai.

The chips are cold. The rice is great. v adj v adj

Bi ideia edo gehiago lotzen dituzten hitzak dira.

• and (eta): antzeko bi perpaus edo ideia lotzen ditu.

I can swim and I can dance.

• but (baina): bi ideia kontraesankor lotzen ditu.

I can ski but I can’t skate.

• because (-[ez]lako, zeren...): zerbaiten arrazoia edo zergatia ematen du.

I must run because I’m late.

Gertakari-segida kontatu nahi denean, hitz hauek erabiltzen dira, gertatu ziren ordena adierazteko:

• first (lehenik, lehenik eta behin).

• then (gero, ondoren).

• next (jarraian).

• finally (bukatzeko, azkenean).

Last week, I was in London. First, I met my aunt. Then, we went shopping. Next, we had lunch. Finally, she took me home.

HITZ-ORDENA: SUBJEKTUA – ADITZA - OBJEKTUA(Word order: Subject / Verb / Object)

HITZ-ORDENA: ADJEKTIBOAK(Word order: Adjectives)

SEKUENTZIA-LOKAILUAK(Connectors of sequence)

JUNTAGAILUAK(Linking words)

introduction ninetieth /'mOmW Le/ laurogeita hamargarren · Romania /pH'lMmiL/ Errumania Romanian...

Documents

Transcript of introduction ninetieth /'mOmW Le/ laurogeita hamargarren · Romania /pH'lMmiL/ Errumania Romanian...