HERMENÉUTICA E INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA EN IBEROAMÉRICA

7/27/2019 HERMENÉUTICA E INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA EN IBEROAMÉRICA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hermeneutica-e-investigacion-cualitativa-en-iberoamerica 1/8

ARBOR Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura

Vol. 189-761, mayo-junio 2013, a033 | ISSN-L: 0210-1963

doi: hp://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2013.761n3001

HERMENÉUTICA EINVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA

EN IBEROAMÉRICA

HERMENEUTICS AND

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN

IBERO-AMERICA*

César A. Cisneros PueblaAutonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa (Mexico)

[email protected]

* An earlier version of this arcle was published as On the Roots of Qualitave Research in Josef Zelger, Margit Raich, and PaulSchober (eds) (2008) GABEK III. Organisaonen und ihre Wissensnetze. Austria: Studien Verlag.

RESUMEN: En este ensayo pretendo señalar la experiencia yla prácca de la invesgación cualitava en Iberoamérica. Alcomparar el estado del arte de la invesgación cualitava endiferentes países, este manuscrito es un primer esfuerzo pordifundir el debate al que nos enfrentamos en nuestras socie-dades de habla hispana en el contexto de la globalización de laacademia. ¿Cómo se ve la invesgación cualitava iberoameri-cana a través de la globalización? ¿Cuáles son nuestras princi-

pales preocupaciones acerca de los métodos y enfoques? ¿Estála hermenéuca incluida en nuestra agenda? En parcular, voya tomar en cuenta el contexto iberoamericano para señalar unconjunto determinado de obstáculos y desaos de hacer inves-gación cualitava en estos países.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Hermenéuca; Iberoamérica; globalización;invesgación cualitava; metodología.

ABSTRACT: In this essay, I aim to draw aenon to the experi-ence and pracce of qualitave research conducted in Ibero-America. Comparing the state of the art of qualitave researchin dierent countries this paper is a rst eort to spread thedebate underway in Spanish speaking sociees in the contextof the globalisaon of academia. How does Ibero-Americanqualitave research look from the globalisaon viewpoint?What are our main concerns about methods and approaches?

Is hermeneucs included on our agenda? Parcularly I will takethe Ibero-American context into account to point out a parcu-lar set of obstacles and challenges of doing qualitave researchin these countries.

KEYWORDS: Hermeneucs; Ibero-America; globalisaon;qualitave research; methodology.

Citaon/ Cómo citar este arculo: Cisneros Puebla, C.A. (2013). “Hermeneutics and Qualitative Research inIbero-America”. Arbor , 189 (761): a033. doi: hp://dx.doi.

org/10.3989/arbor.2013.761n3001

Copyright: © 2013 CSIC. This is an open-access arcle distribu-ted under the terms of the Creave Commons Aribuon-NonCommercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.

Recibido: 14 abril 2011. Aceptado: 25 octubre 2012.

LA COMPRENSIÓN DE LO SOCIAL / UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL

http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2013.761n3001

mailto:[email protected]





mailto:[email protected]




ARBOR Vol. 189-761, mayo-junio 2013, a033. ISSN-L: 0210-1963 doi: hp://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2013.761n3001

H e r m e n e u c s a n d q u a l i t a v e r e s e a r c h i n I b e r o A m e r i c a

2

a033

1. INTRODUCTION

Qualitave research has changed some of our prac-ces as sciensts in the last decade. Even though all of us have been acng and doing research in the way welearnt and embracing or advocang the approacheswe prefer to use in the context of the “paradigm war”,we must recognize just how far the current discussionon qualitave method has moved on from the deba-te occurring just 30 years ago, for instance. Recentlythe dialogue between methods, approaches and me-thodology have provided relevant reecons on di-verse disciplines and the inuence of any qualitavetradion is being evaluated or re-valuated in dierentelds.

Methods, approaches and methodology havebeen enhanced thanks to such dialogue, but also asa consequence of the opportunity to know and dis-cuss what people are doing in dierent regions of the world. Knowledge based on dierent tradions,concepts and theories allow us to be aware of bothour unity and diversity. Qualitave research is veryrich and charming because of the various legacies andtreasures gathered in each country.

There are some very well know naonal exampleswhich have been broadly discussed around the world,such as in North American (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994).But the story of qualitave research is also formedby other narraves, authors and approaches. To exa-mine the non-Anglo-Saxon “peripheries” in the eldof qualitave research is the basic goal of this essay.Presenng ideas regarding naonal dierences andexperiences, discussing such diversity and analyzingits unity lead us to explore the conceptual roots of our current pracces and to act in a future globalizedacademia. To compare the current stages of qualita-ve research worldwide, examples and discussions willbe provided about various European countries. I alsointend to draw on the experience and pracce of qua-litave research conducted in Ibero-America (Spain,Portugal, Central and South America, and the coun-tries of the Caribbean). However, the eort could bein vain, because of the lack of sources and data fromPortugal, for instance.

Having Spanish as a rst language, the idea of Ibero-America is to include Brazil and Portugal even though thenave language in both countries is Portuguese, becauseof the common legacy of living in the New World sincethe eenth century. Most Spanish-speaking colleaguesinterested in interpretave and qualitave inquiry livesin developing countries and have to deal with specictroubles of geng trained or acquaring funding. Compa-ring the state of qualitave research in Spain and SouthAmerica, this essay is a rst eort to spread the discus-sion we are facing in our Spanish-speaking sociees inthe context of the globalizaon of academia.

To illustrate some of the methodological issuesthe qualitave researchers from Ibero-America aredealing with, this paper focuses on using qualitavesoware. How does Ibero-American qualitave re-

search look when viewed from such “globalizaon”?What are our main concerns when using qualitavesoware? What about methods and approaches? Par-cularly, I will take the Ibero-American context intoaccount to point out a parcular set of obstacles andchallenges of doing qualitave research in Spanish-speaking countries.

2. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND HERMENEUTICS IN AGLOBALIZED WORLD

It is fair to recognize that qualitave research is di-verse. It has specic faces in each country. Alasuutari(2004) has called our aenon to the Anglo-American

dominance in the social sciences and its impacts onthe path and pracces of qualitave research aroundthe world. He emphasizes two fallacies in the progressnarrave associated with some views of the develop-ment of science, in general, and to the analysis of phases in qualitave research development. The rstis related to how the progress narrave makes it di-cult to think about the parallel developments going onin dierent countries and in dierent disciplines. Thesecond is the way we see the changes of qualitaveresearch pracces as a consequence of the strugglebetween outdated and new modes of thought wherethe beer, valid and more adequate are always the

renew ones.Qualitave research is parcular and variees be-

cause of its roots in naonal experiences. As Atkinson(2005, 1) summarizes, there is “no queson that qua-litave research of many variees has ourished on aglobal scale over the past twenty years.” Even thoughmany experiences are not very well-known due to theabsence of discussion on an internaonal scale. Thereare lots of unknown research that has been publishedonly in the researchers’ nave language, as Corbinsays in the case of Grounded Theory published in Spa-nish (Cisneros-Puebla, 2004).

2.1 North AmericaAs Alasuutari (2004, 601) has commented in his cri-

cal view of the globalizaon of qualitave research“the theories and methodologies formulated from acentre posion are more easily heard and seen” thanothers coming out from the peripheries. Since 1994when the rst edion of the Handbook of QualitaveResearch was published unl the third edion relea-sed two years ago, Denzin & Lincoln (2005) book havebeen very inuenal on the way of thinking aboutthe origin and development of qualitave research.They provided us with a temporal schema based on






C é s a r A . C i s n e r o s P u e b l a

3

a033

moments to think about qualitave research in NorthAmerica. The tradional moment (1900-1950) is as-sociated with Malinowsi and the Chicago School ur-ban ethnography. The modernist or second moment

(1950-1970) was described by Denzin & Lincoln (:8)as “the golden age of rigorous qualitave analysis”.It is related to canonical texts as Becker et al. (1961)and Glaser & Strauss (1967) and it is dominated byrhetoric of posivist and post-posivist discourses.During the “blurred genres” moment –term borrowedfrom Geertz’s books (1973 & 1983)- the naturalisc,post-posivist and construconist movements gainedsome room in the discussion. This third moment ran-ges from 1970 to the second half of the 1980s. Thecrisis of representaon, or the fourth moment, hap-pened in the middle of the 1980s when new modelsof truth, methods and representaon were soughtby the studies of George Marcus, Michael Fischer, Ja-mes Cliord, Victor Turner, Edward Bruner & CliordGeertz. The post-modern or experimental period(1990-1995) corresponded with the work and pracceof new ethnographers such as Carolyn Ellis & ArthurBochner. Because of the confrontaon with qualita-ve researchers developing social theory based oncrical, interpreve, linguisc, feminist and rhetoricalresearch they have dealt with a triple crisis of repre-sentaon, legimaon and praxis. The sixth momentor post-experimental inquiry period (1995-2000) wasa period of great excitement where experiments withnew ways of inquiry were the main goal: literary,poec, autobiographical, mul-voiced, crical per-

formave, and other representaons were construc-ted. The seventh moment (2000-2004) is named “themethodologically contested present” and is the con-uence of diverse approaches such as crical theory,feminism, queer theory, performave ethnography,and others which characterize a period of great ten-sion. The eighth moment (2005-) is associated with“Bush science” and evidence-based social movement.

American pragmasm and symbolic interaconisttradion are relevant contribuons from this part of the world to the internaonal debate, even thoughthis inuence hasn’t been comparavely evaluatedin dierent regions. However, it is possible now to

compare the American way of thinking about qua-litave research to the European case (Knoblauch,Flick and Maeder, 2005a, 2005b; Fikfak, Frane andGarz, 2004 and Flick, Von Kardor and Steinke,2004), for instance.

2.2 Germany

In the German case, Mey & Mruck (2007) disn-guish six phases in the development of qualitave re-search: (1) an inial ourishing followed by a decline;(2) (re)invenon and meta-theorecal foundaons;(3) empirical elaboraon; (4) technical and reexive

elaboraons; (5) consolidaon and establishment;and (6) internaonalizing qualitave research.

The rst period is characterized by the inuenceof hermeneucs and phenomenology. In the speciceld of sociology, Dilthey, Simmel, Mannheim, We-ber and many others, such as Pierce, Dewey, Thomasand Znaniecki, played a crucial role in the early ela-boraon of qualitave approaches. Lewin and Sternfrom the Hamburg Instute had some inuence onpsychology. In the phase of (re)invenon and meta-theorecal foundaons, texts by Lazarsfeld, Merton,Glaser and Strauss, Becker and Geer, Mead, Blumer,Cicourel and many others reached a broader audien-ce, especially in sociology. Thanks to the inuence of interaconist, phenomenological and hermeneucapproaches, some techniques such as objecve her-meneucs (Oevermann) and the narrave interview

(Schütze) were developed. The deep-structure her-meneucs approach also appears in this period, ledby the Bremen group based on the work of Lorenzer.In the third phase, recognized as empirical elabora-on, some other approaches are outlined, includingthe problem-centred interview and the ‘qualitavecontent analysis’, developed by Mayring (2000). Thisphase is characterized by an interest in empirical re-search instead of methodological and meta-theore-cal debates.

During the fourth phase, German researchers wereno longer concerned about data collecon; their inter-est was focused on data analysis. Therefore, the Com-

puter Assisted Qualitave Data Analysis (CAQDAS)Networking Project from the United Kingdom foundexcellent ideas and soware prototypes in Germanyto enhance discussions about technology and me-thodology. AQUAD, ATLAS. and WINMax (very well-known now as MAXqda) are some examples of quali-tave compung developed in this phase that, as Mey& Mruck state (2007, 142) was developed from theend of the 1980s to the beginning of the 1990s. Theconsolidaon of German qualitave research is asso-ciated to the strengthening of some working groupsand associaons as well as to the appearance of va-rious journals and books. Metaphor and conversaonanalysis and biographic approaches are relevant inthis phase. Finally, the years of German qualitave re-search internaonalizaon in the 21st Century is seenas a consequence of the development of some tradi-ons as a whole and the permanent eort of projectssuch as the FQS journal (Mruck, Bergold, Breuer andLegewie, 2000).

It is important to say that Mey & Mruck’s cartogra-phy, as they like to call their contribuon, never men-ons Gerhardt’s analysis (1988) of qualitave sociolo-gy in the Federal Republic of Germany, even thoughher analysis is illustrave of the presence of Weber,







4

a033

Schütz, Simmel and Mannheim at the origins of qua-litave research. Mey & Mruck’s descripon is similarto Flick’s scheme about the trajectory of qualitaveresearch in Germany. Flick (2002, 2005) wrote about

six phases of qualitave research in Germany:(1) Early studies (ending XIX-beginnings XX).

(2) Phase of import (early 1970s).

(3) Beginning of original discussion (late 1970s).

(4) Developing of original methods (1970s-1980s).

(5) Consolidaon and procedural quesons (late1980s & 1990s), and

(6) Research pracce (2000).

Gerhardt (1988) recognized ve divergent posionsin the German sociology of those days -narrave in-

terview, objecve hermeneucs, life cycle, groundedtheory, and construcvism- and two tradions of me-thodology: sociology of language perspecve and thebiographical perspecve.

Even though the “hegemonic posion” of sociolo-gy in qualitave research elds is partly a self-cons-trucon of sociologists and others, as Mruck, Cisnerosand Faux (2005) have outlined when talking aboutthe centers and peripheries of qualitave researchthat it is relevant to see the important role played bythe Qualitave Sociology at the end of the 80s in thediscussion of internaonal perspecves around qua-litave research. Beyond any possible sociological

bias in the evaluaon of qualitave research, for ins-tance, as in the case of Israeli qualitave researchers,Cohen (1988) has recognized them as peripherical inthe context of American and European sociologies.Nowadays we have enough informaon about the Is-raeli naonal experience (Weill, 2005) to know aboutthe absence of an anthropology department in anyIsraeli university or college, which would tradiona-lly foster qualitave methods, although it is visible inthe acvity of the Israeli Center for Qualitave Me-thodologies hp://www.bgu.ac.il/ICQM/ . Going backto the current German Sociology case Hitzler (2005)recognized four main perspecves: methods, biogra-phical research, sociology of knowledge and ObjecveHermeneucs.

2.3 Mexico

Currently, interest in qualitave methodologies isincreasing in Mexico. Not counng the professionalassociaons that gather researchers of this orienta-on nor the specialized journals dedicated exclusivelyto qualitave research, Mexican social sciensts havebeen working on these tradions against the mains-tream paradigm. From previous decades, cultural an-thropology, urban studies, feminist theory and prac-

oners of community work accumulated experiencesthat nowadays make the methodological reeconvery rich. Just with illustrave purposes it is interes-ng to compare Mexican case to the New Zealand

one because Mast (1988), for example, has based heroverview on qualitave research in New Zealand inthree substanve areas: cultural studies, feminist stu-dies and community studies.

From diverse elds of knowledge, researchers havestarted to analyze people’s daily experiences, aimingto overcome the gap created by the convenonal em-pirical paradigm between science and common sen-se. This way, the narrave turn has been enrichingthe Mexican way of performing social research. It isclear now that qualitave inquiry is a crical, herme-neucal and interpreve analysis of the narraves of everyday people in the real world.

Social sciences as a whole have experienced un-equal processes of development both at a naonaland internaonal level. Keeping in mind the big cul-tural dierences, I could say the history of Mexicanqualitave sociology is similar to that which has beendescribed by Kato (1988) for the Japanese case, sin-ce in both countries qualitave tradions were assu-med to have the same origins based on the analysisof the rich cultural inheritance that had accumulatedfor centuries. The two were also similar in the debatebetween Sociology and Marxism in the 60s.

Sociology as a discipline was born in Japan aerthe Meiji Revoluon (1868) and in Mexico before theRevoluon of 1910. Regarding this science, the twocases are dierent at the present me, especially inthe relaonship with the empirical or quantavesociology. In Japan its presence is peripheral whilein Mexico the quantave sociology dominates theinstuonal panorama, marginalizing the interpre-ve paradigm constuted by comprehensive tradion,symbolic interaconism and ethnomethodology.

Our social psychology is also very recent and couldalso be compared to Japanese Psychology (Suzuki,2000). This science dates back to the 80s and theterms of the debate are sll being dened betweenthe objecvisc and the interpreve paradigms. The

rst Department of Psychology was founded in therst half of the 70s, when the Department of Philo-sophy was separated in the Naonal AutonomousUniversity of Mexico. In those years, psychology wasdened in behaviourist backgrounds and social psy-chology was reduced to laboratory research on basicprocesses of minimum group. Recently, however, re-searchers who pracce the interpreve paradigm for-med by symbolic interaconism, phenomenologicaland/or construconist tradions, are gaining ground.

The theorecal homogeneity of the 70s was basedon diverse interpretaons of Marxism as well as on


http://www.bgu.ac.il/ICQM/

http://www.bgu.ac.il/ICQM/






5

a033

the Sociology of Development and in the Theory of Dependence. In the 80s, Mexican sociology was cha-racterized by the crisis of old theories and a frenecsearch for possibilies of empirical invesgaon that

are more related to empirical problems. Theorecalpluralism and a set of disenchantment characterizedthose years.

Although Oomen (1988) saw Indian qualitave so-ciology as a fostered result of three basic orientaonsof Indian sociology: tradionist, naonalist and plura-list, he highlighted (:51) the inuence of some LanAmerican social scienst –as Andre Gunder-Frank,Paulo Freire and Ivan Illich, among others- on the In-dian qualitave sociologists.

Thinking on a Lan American perspecve it could bepossible to explore the pernence of the next periodi-zaon of qualitave research in the Spanish-speakingcountries belonging to American connent. Undoub-tedly there are dierences between Panama and Ve-nezuela or between Nicaragua and Mexico but, frommy analycal view the development of qualitave re-search in the region is understandable if we see it as:

(1) Origin of Social Sciences (rst half XX century),with some specic features of posivism in eachcountry.

(2) Abstracted empiricism and Marxism (1960s &1970s), struggling against some dictatorship inthe most parts of Central and South America.

(3) Theorecal pluralism (1980s), as a consequenceof emergent democracies and some external in-uences in the epistemological and ontologicalrealms.

(4) The dawn of qualitave research (1990s), a pha-se of uncrical import of theories, methods andapproaches.

(5) Assimilaon, use and analysis (2000), with noparcular and relevant contribuons; and,

(6) Desirable and possible scenarios (XXI Century),with the re-evaluaon of some experiences as-sociated by Fals-Borda and Freire, among others.

2.4 Spain

In his goal to provide a pictorial-cartographic repre-sentaon of the case of qualitave research in Spain,Valles (2005) drew six dierent stages of qualitavesocial research in such country. At the beginning of 20th century he found some roots in the social re-form and the novel in the works of authors as PérezGaldós, Baroja, Unamuno, Palacio Valdés or Clarín.The sociological philosophy of Ortega y Gasset (1913-1939) as well as the socioeconomic crisis (1913-1917),the Second Republic (1931-36), and the end of Civil

War (1936-39) are the context of the second periodwhich is dominated by the inuence of German neo-kansm and phenomenology. The post-Spanish CivilWar and exile (1940-1959) outline the next stage. Du-

ring the fourth period the contribuon of Jesús Ibáñezis the main feature. Valles called it “near sociologicalresearch roots” and it goes from 1960 to 1975. The“boom: use and abuse?” period (1975-1993) is theh one. It represents the process of instuona-lizaon of sociology in a post-dictatorship process.Finally, the specializaon and systemazaon stage(1994- today) depicts the coming-of-age period forqualitave applied research and methodology in theSpaniard social sciences eld.

As we can see in the next secon, the dialogue bet-ween qualitave researchers from Spain and collea-gues from other Spanish-speaking countries has been

permanent and very rich. Bolívar & Domingo (2007)meculously review and describe the biographical-narrave research origin, development and variantsin the social sciences of Ibero-American countries,showing the reciprocal enhancement that qualitaveresearchers from both sides of the Atlanc who be-long to the Spanish-speaking world have had for de-cades. It would be interesng to evaluate the English-speaking world to highlight the specic features of Brish and American qualitave research in the waysome authors have done (Henwood & Lang, 2005;Strong, 1988) and compare also to the German case(Flick, 2005).

3. OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES

Visualizing some perspecves for social qualitaveresearch in Mexico, Cisneros-Puebla (2000) idenedeight problem areas to be strengthened in order todevelop the tradions associated with the qualita-ve paradigm. Eight years aer, such idencaon issll valid nor only in Mexico but to the whole Spanish-speaking world. Such areas are polical acon andempowerment, journals, networks, civic journalism,interdisciplinarity, conceptual heritage, assembly andnew topics.

In this nal secon I would like to add some other

problem issues to the pracce of qualitave researchin the Spanish-speaking worlds I am interested in:Lan-America. In doing so, I wanted remember thatSeale, Gobo, Gubrium & Silverman (2004) generateda project to discuss qualitave research pracce, a to-pic relavely neglected in American publicaons, butthey didn’t published a “European” book, as they liketo say. Next, ideas could be appear very “Lan Ameri-can” to some audiences but they are inspired by veryspecic social condions dierent to those describedby Adam & Podmenik (2005) for Slovenia; Bruni &Gobo (2005) and Corradi (1988) for Italy; Wyka (1988)







6

a033

and Konecki, Kacperczyk & Marciniak (2005) for Po-land; Eberle and Elliker (2005) for Switzerland; Schu-botz for Ireland and Eneroth (1988) for Sweden.

What are the main obstacles and challenges to La-n American countries? First is the digital divide andthe speed of technological change. Lan Americancountries are living in a complete technological delay.The illusion of “globalized” internet communicaon is just that, an illusion. Related to that and parcularlyconnected with the previous discussion on qualita-ve compung, the trouble of soware development,markeng and training appears: there are no LanoAmerican soware developers, and geng training istoo hard. The third obstacle is the lack of professionalelds to apply the social and human disciplines: so-ciology and social psychology, just to menon a fewcases, are barely professional in the public eye, in the

society as a whole. In addion, there is a huge needfor local, community, naonal and internaonal net-working to enhance qualitave research pracce.

Cisneros-Puebla, Faux & Mey (2004) wrote a pieceabout the concept of interview society. Their agree-ment about the topic is relevant because of the ob-vious dierence between the social producon of each one’s knowledge. Characteriscs of interviewingin the context of interview society include the fo-llowing:

· The confessional mode of discourse is a form of entertainment.

· The private is a public commodity.· The private self is the real self, interviewers have

access to this self.

· Certain experiences are more authenc thanothers.

· People have access to their own experiences.

· First-person narraves are very valuable.

Interviewing is one the basic techniques of datacollecon. What about that? I would like to call at-tenon to some remarkable and basic dilemmas thatLan American qualitave researchers have to deal

with when they decided using any form of qualitaveinterview as data collecon strategy. The dilemmasare: (1) informed consent is not yet an instuonali-zed interacon between interviewer and interviewee,i.e, there are not a legimated and legal connecons

between real persons doing co-research; (2) there isnot a clear and rigorous understanding of how the self is produced; (3) personalizaon is an incomplete andcontested topic in real daily life; (4) there is a lack of

techniques and methods appropriate to any parci-pant, with the consequent absence of data analysisstrategies; (5) there is an urgent necessity for secon-dary qualitave data archives; (6) future discussionabout work and geng out ‘inner views’ instead of interviews; (7) parcipants recruitment is always a bigissue and there is no ethical regulaon on it.

When considering interviews as a research tool,such dilemmas are crucial for undertaking qualita-ve research in the Spanish-speaking world because,if we decide to compare Spanish qualitave researchpracce to the American one described by Denzin,we will discover a huge “temporal” distance between

our pracces. Most of the research in Spanish-spea-king world is conducted by means of the structured,semi-structured and/or open-ended objecve format.According to Denzin such pracces belong to the tra-dional moment (1900-1950) and to the modernist orsecond moment (1950-1970). There is not much expe-rience in interviewing from the feminist cricisms of these formats (the third moment is 1970s and 1980sin Denzin’s ideas and the forth moment is in the midstof the decade of 1980s). There is no self-ethnographicstyle or post-experimental wrings in Lan Americanqualitave research pracce (Denzin’s periods 5 & 6)and the performave turn (seven moment) doesn’texist in our current pracce.

Is it fair to compare naonal experiences in thisway? Perhaps not. As Cisneros-Puebla, Domínguez Fi-garedo, Faux, Kölbl & Packer (2006) have pointed out,it is urgent that we as qualitave researchers incor-porate into our agenda discussions of how epistemo-logical perspecves are constructed and how socialcondions can shape qualitave inquiry dierently.Gobo (2005) has suggested ve scenarios for the futu-re of qualitave research: (a) the major formalizaonof the methods; (b) the development of data analysis;(c) the marriage between computers and qualitaveresearch; (d) the necessity of qualitave methods ina mulcultural society; and (e) the implicaons forapplied research. It is my hope that Spanish-speakingworld will parcipate in such scenarios in providing itscontribuon.







7

a033

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Adam, Frane & Podmenik, Darka (2005).Qualitave Research in a Changing Epis-

temic Context. The Case of a Small SocialScience Community [41 paragraphs].Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung / Fo-

rum: Qualitave Social Research [On-line

Journal], 6 (3), art. 40, 2005, September,http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-40-e.htm

Alasuutari, Per (2004). The Globalizaonof Qualitave Research. In Seale, Clive,Gobo, Giampietro, Gubrium, Jaber F. &Silverman, David (Eds.). Qualitave Re-

search Pracce. pp. 595-608. London:Sage.

Atkinson, Paul (2005). Qualitave Re-

search—Unity and Diversity [25 pa-ragraphs]. Forum Qualitave Sozial-

forschung / Forum: Qualitave Social

Research [On-line Journal], 6 (3), art.26, 2005, September, hp://www.qua-litave-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-26-e.htm

Becker, H.; Geer, B.; Hughes, E. C. andStrauss, A. (1961). Boys in White: Stu-

dent Culture in Medical School. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

Bolívar, Antonio y Domingo, Jesús (2007).Biographical-narrave Research in Ibe-roamerica: Areas of Development andthe Current Situaon [112 paragraphs].

Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung /

Forum: Qualitave Social Research

[On-line Journal], 7 (4), art. 12, 2007,http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/4-06/06-4-12-e.htm.

Bruni, Ala & Gobo, Giampietro (2005).Qualitave Research in Italy [43 pa-ragraphs]. Forum Qualitave Sozial-


Research [On-line Journal], 6 (3), Art.41, 2005, September, hp://www.qua-litave-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-41-e.htm

Cisneros Puebla, César A. (2000). Qualita-ve social research in Mexico [33 paragra-phs]. Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung

/ Forum: Qualitave Social Research [On-line Journal], 1 (1), 2000, January,http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-00/1-00cisneros-e.htm

Cisneros-Puebla, Cesar A. (2004). To Learnto Think Conceptually. Juliet Corbin inConversaon With Cesar A. Cisneros-Puebla [53 paragraphs]. Forum Quali-

tave Sozialforschung / Forum: Quali-

tave Social Research [On-line Journal],5 (3), art. 32. 2004, September, hp://

www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-04/04-3-32-e.htm

Cisneros-Puebla, Cesar A.; Faux, Robert &Mey, Günter (2004). Qualitave Resear-chers—Stories Told, Stories Shared: TheStoried Nature of Qualitave Research.An Introducon to the Special Issue:FQS Interviews I [35 paragraphs]. Forum

Qualitave Sozialforschung / Forum:

Qualitave Social Research [On-line Jo-

urnal], 5 (3), art. 37. 2004, September,http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-04/04-3-37-e.htm

Cisneros Puebla, César A.; Domínguez Figa-redo, Daniel; Faux, Robert; Kölbl, Car-los & Packer, Marn (2006). Editorial:

About Qualitave Research Epistemo-logies and Peripheries [13 paragraphs ].Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung /

Forum: Qualitave Social Research [On-

line Journal], 7 (4), art. 4. 2006, Septem-ber, hp://www.qualitave-research.net/fqs-texte/4-06/06-4-4-e.htm

Cohen, Erik (1988). Qualitave Sociology inIsrael. A Brief Survey. Qualitave Socio-

logy, 11 (1 & 2), pp. 88-98.

Corradi, Consuelo (1988). Qualitave So-ciology in Italy. Qualitave Sociology, 11(1 & 2), pp. 77-87.

Denzin, Norman K. & Lincoln, Yvonna S.

(Eds.) (1994). Handbook of QualitaveResearch. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Denzin, Norman K. & Lincoln, Yvonna S.(Eds.) (2005). Handbook of Qualitave

Research. Third Edion. Thousand Oaks:Sage.

Eberle, T. S. and Elliker, F. (2005). A Car-tography of Qualitave Research inSwitzerland, Forum Qualitave Sozial-

forschung/Forum: Qualitave Social Re-

search [On-line Journal], 6 (3), Art. 24,2005, www.qualitave-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-24-e.htm

Eneroth, Bo (1988). The Invisibility of Qua-

litave Sociology in Sweden. Qualitave

Sociology 11 (1 & 2), pp. 113-122.

Fikfak, Jurij; Frane, Adam and Garz, Detlef (2004). Qualitave Research. Dierent

Perspecves Emerging Trends. Ljublja-na: Instute of Slovenian Etnology, ZRCPublishing.

Flick, Uwe, von Kardor, E. and Steinke, I.(2004). A Companion to Qualitave Re-

search. London: Sage.

Flick, Uwe (2002). An Introducon to

Qualitave Research. London: Sage.

Flick, U. (2005). Qualitave Research in So-ciology in Germany and the US – State

of the Art, Dierences and Develop-ments. Forum Qualitave Sozialfors-

chung/ Forum: Qualitave Social Re-

search [On-line Journal], 6 (3), art. 23,2005, www.qualitave-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-23-e.htm

Gerhardt, Uta (1988). Qualitave Sociolo-gy in the Federal Repuplic of Germany.

Qualitave Sociology, 11 (1 & 2), pp.29-43.

Glaser, Barney and Strauss, Anselm L.(1967). The Discovery of Grounded

Theory: Strategies for Qualitave Re-

search. Chicago: Aldine.

Gobo, Giampietro (2005). The Renaissanceof Qualitave Methods [22 paragraphs].Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung / Fo-


Journal], 6 (3), Art. 42, 2005, September,http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-42-e.htm

Henwood, Karen & Lang, Iain (2005). Qua-litave Social Science in the UK: A Re-exive Commentary on the “State of theArt” [56 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitave

Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitave

Social Research [On-line Journal], 6 (3),Art. 48, 2005, September, hp://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-48-e.htm

Hitzler, R. (2005). The Reconstrucon of Meaning. Notes on German Interpre-ve Sociology. Forum Qualitave Sozial-

forschung/Forum: Qualitave Social Re-

search [On-line Journal], 6 (3), Art. 45,2005, www.qualitave-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-45-e.htm

Kato, Hidetoshi (1988). Qualitave Sociolo-gy in Japan. Qualitave Sociology 11 (1& 2), pp. 55-62.

Knoblauch, H.; Flick, U. and Maeder, C.,(eds.) (2005a). The State of the Art of

Qualitave Research in Europe, specialissue of Forum Qualitave Sozialfors-

chung/Forum: Qualitave Social Re-

search [On-line Journal], 6 (3), 2005a,www.qualitave-research.net/fqs/fqs-e/inhalt 3-05-e.htm

Knoblauch, Hubert; Flick, Uwe & Maeder,Christoph (2005b). Qualitave Me-thods in Europe: The Variety of SocialResearch [10 paragraphs]. Forum Qua-

litave Sozialforschung / Forum: Quali-

tave Social Research [On-line Journal],6 (3), Art. 34, 2005b, September, hp://


http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-40-e.htm










http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-00/1-00cisneros-e.htm


















http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/fqs-e/inhalt%203-05-e.htm







































8

a033

www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-34-e.htm

Konecki, Krzysztof T.; Kacperczyk, Anna M.& Marciniak, Lukasz T. (2005). Polish

Qualitave Sociology: The General Fea-tures and Development [43 paragraphs].Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung / Fo-


Journal], 6 (3), art. 27, 2005, September,http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-27-e.htm

Mast, Sharon (1988). Qualitave Sociologyin New Zealand. Qualitave Sociology 11 (1 & 2), pp. 99-112.

Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitave ContentAnalysis. Forum Qualitave Sozial-

forschung/ Forum: Qualitave Social

Research, 1 (2), art. 20; 2000, www.

qualitaveresearch.net/ fqs-texte/2-00/2-00mayring-e.html

Mey, Günter and Katja Mruck (2007). Qua-litave Research in Germany. A ShortCartography. Internaonal Sociology, 22(2), pp. 138-154.

Mruck, K.; Bergold, J.; Breuer, F. and Le-gewie, H. (eds.) (2000). QualitaveResearch: Naonal, Disciplinary, Me-thodical and Empirical Examples, spe-cial issue of Forum Qualitave Sozial-

forschung/Forum: Qualitave Social

Research [On-line Journal], 1 (1), 2000,www.qualitave-research.net/fqs/fqs-d/inhalt1-00-e.htm

Mruck, K.; Cisneros Puebla, C. A. and Faux,R. (2005). Editorial: About Qualita-ve Research Centers and Peripheries.

Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung/

Forum: Qualitave Social Research [On-

line Journal], 6 (3), Art. 49, 2005, www.qualitative-research.net/fqstexte/3-05/05-3-49-e.htm

Oomen, T. K. (1988). In Search of Qualita-ve Sociology in India. Qualitave Socio-

logy 11 (1 & 2), pp. 44-54.

Schubotz, Dirk (2005). Beyond the Orangeand the Green. The Diversicaon of the Qualitave Social Research Lands-

cape in Northern Ireland [31 paragra-phs]. Forum Qualitave Sozialforschung

/ Forum: Qualitave Social Research [On-line Journal], 6 (3), art. 29. 2005,September, hp://www.qualitave-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-29-e.htm

Seale, Clive; Gobo, Giampietro; Gubrium,Jaber F. & Silverman, David (eds.)(2004). Qualitave Research Pracce.London: Sage .

Strong, Phil (1988). Qualitave Sociology inthe UK. Qualitave Sociology 11 (1 & 2),pp. 13-28.

Suzuki, Kazuyo (2000). Qualitave social re-

search in Japan [18 paragraphs]. ForumQualitave Sozialforschung / Forum:

Qualitave Social Research [On-line

Journal], 1 (1). 2000, January, hp://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-00/1-00suzuki-e.htm

Valles, Miguel S. & Baer, Alejandro (2005).Qualitave Social Research in Spain:Past, Present, and Future. A Portrait [62paragraphs]. Forum Qualitave Sozial-


Research [On-line Journal], 6 (3), art.18, 2005, September, hp://www.qua-litave-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-18-e.htm

Weil, Shalva (2005). Qualitave Methods inIsrael [22 paragraphs]. Forum Qualita-

ve Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitave

Social Research [On-line Journal], 6 (3),art. 46, 2005, September, hp://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-05/05-3-46-e.htm

Wyka, Anna (1988). Qualitave Sociology inPoland. Qualitave Sociology 11 (1 & 2),pp. 63-76.






http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/fqs-d/inhalt1-00-e.htm


http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqstexte/3-05/05-3-49-e.htm






http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-00/1-00suzuki-e.htm































HERMENÉUTICA E INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA EN IBEROAMÉRICA

Documents

Transcript of HERMENÉUTICA E INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA EN IBEROAMÉRICA