El Proceso de Terceria de Derecho Preferente

8/10/2019 El Proceso de Terceria de Derecho Preferente

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INDICE

INTRODUCCIÓN 4

CAPITULO I: ASPECTOS GENERALES DE LA TERCERIA 61. ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS 72. CONCEPTO 93. FUNDAMENTO 144. COMPETENCIA EN MATERIA DE TERCERÍA 165. CLASES 186. OPORTUNIDAD 327. EFECTOS DE LA TERCERÍA DE PROPIEDAD 34

CAPITULO II: CONCEPTOS FUNDAMENTALES DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHOPREFERENTE 391. GENERALIDADES 402. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO

PREFERENTE 423. NATURALE A !URIDICA DE LA TERCERIA DE PRELACION DA

ORIGEN A UN E"PEDIENTE PROCESAL COMPLE!O# EN ELLA SE COMPRENDE EL E!ERCICIO DE DOS ACCIONES 444. FUNDAMENTO DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE 475. OPORTUNIDAD DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO

PREFERENCIA 496. RE$UISITOS DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO

PREFERENTE 507. LEGITIMACIÓN % EFECTOS DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE 528. IMPROCEDENCIA DE LA RECON&ENCIÓN EN EL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA ' CONNI&ENCIA % MALICIA EN LA TERCERIA 569. SUSPENSIÓN DE MEDIDA CAUTELAR SIN TERCERÍA 58

CAPITULO III: PROCESO DE TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE 611. TERCERÍAS PREFERENTES 622. DERECHOS REALES % DERECHOS PERSONALES 70

3. DERECHOS PREFERENTES 77

2



4. LA SEGURIDAD !URÍDICA 825. PUNTOS IMPORTANTES DEL PROCEDIMIENTO DE TERCERIA POR DERECHO PREFERENTE 846. MODELO GENERICO DE DEMANDA DE TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE 877. !URISPRUDENCIA DE TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE 92

CONCLUSIONES 102

BIBLIOGRAFIA 104

3



INTRODUCCIÓN

L() *+,-+, () )+(/ () + / - () + + , +,+- # )+ -(,(-*+, (/, )+, / /)*, +/* + , *+-- :/ ,+; )*() +/ / +)*, , +/( +/*

, - < = + )+ +/- +/*,(/ ( ) ) - :/ + *+,-+, ) (>+-*( ) , /, -+) + + +- - :/ +/ + = + / ) / (,*+# +, * ?/ +) (-+, ;( +, ) )+,+- ) + /*+,+)+) < +; *(, + +)*( (/+,( ) +>+-* ) /+@(* ; ) + (

+ +- - :/.

E ) -( * 5 + T * II# S+-- :/ = /*( + C: @ P, -+)( C ; ,+@+/*, + ) ( ( ) , -+) ) = + )+ *,( *(/ +/ ( ; ( ( ,+; ( ( ( > @ ,(+ ( *+,-+, (. L( - ( )+ ) )*+/*( +/ + +- , + - ( )+ )-( = + (

+> -(- ( + /( + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/ ,+) +-* + +*+, /( )+/+) = + / + +,*+/+ -(/ ( + +- *( )+( + ( ( ) / +>+-* # = + + (

)+/* ( ( > @ ,( + ( *+,-+, ( + / - /)*, +/* + * * (, ++/ (*+, ( + -(,@( (,( (-+, ;( +, ) ) +,+- ).

L( T+,-+, ( + / ( (,+-+ +/ ) -() ) + + (,@ ,+;+/* ; < +/ +, -+ +/* + + +- - :/ ) ,+ +/+) *+-( ) @/ ,( ).

L( T+,-+, ( + + , +,+- ( (,+-+ +/ ) ) +)* ) +/ ) = + + *+,-+, #( +/ ( , -+) + + +- - :/# (> , ( )+, * * (, + / +,+- + -,? *

,+>+,+/*+ ( ,+)+/*( , + (-,++ , + +- *(/*+ < ) - *( ( + = + )+

, / /- + ) ,+ = ? -,? * +) ,+>+,+/*+# (,( = + ?)*+ )+( )(* )>+- # +/, +, @(,# - / () ) () *+/ () + + (,@ .

A) + (,* - 533B + ( / , ( , -+)( - ; +)*( +-+ = + L( *+,-+, ( )++/* +/ + - / + + (/ (/*+ < + + (/ ( # < ): + + > / (,)+ +/ (

, + ( + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) - ( +/*+ , + ( -( *+ (, (,( (+ +- - :/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- + *( +)

+/+). S / +, - + )+ ( ( # + + > / (,)+ +/ ( , + ( + +/+)

4



(>+-*( ) - / @(,(/* () ,+( +)# - (/ + +,+- + *+,-+, )*( )+ +/- +/*,(/)-, * - / (/*+, , ( ( - ( (>+-*(- :/ .

E/ *( )+/* ,+) *( = + +)*( > @ ,( - /)* * <+ + + ) +) +- > - (,(@/(, /( + ( -( *+ (, (,( ) + +- - :/ , + * * (, ,+( + )

+/+) *,( ( ) / + ( +/*+# +, @(,(/* (, ) +,+- ,+>+,+/*+. S+*,(*(# - +) ?) (/( (,+ )# + / , -+ +/* +) +- ( # + -(, -*+,

/- +/*( # +, - / *,( *(- :/ , (# ) @ +/ ) -( -+) + ( (, -+) +- (,(* ; . S -(, -*+, /- +/*( ,+) *( + ) ; /- (- :/ (, -+ +/* + + +- - :/ / + )+ ( ) +)* + @,(;( +/# +, * +/+ /

+* , # + ,+@ (- :/ +) +- ( # ( (,@+/ + () - +)* /+)/- +/*( +) ,+@ ( () +/ ) (,* - ) 533B < ) @ +/*+) = + )+ (/ +

(/( (, ,+;+ +/*+ , - +)* /+) + * + < +) (- .

5



CAPITULO I: ASPECTOS GENERALES DE LA TERCERIA

6



1. ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS

N )+ (/ +/- /*,( (/*+-+ +/*+) + () *+,-+, () +/ + +,+- , (/ # /

+/ + + +;( # / +/ + -(/:/ - # () +<+) +) ( () +) + + > * , @()*( ( / ; ) ( ,+- (- :/# *( - () ,+@ ( +/*(/# ) +/ ( +< +

+/ - ( +/* +) ( ( + 1855# )+ +/- +/*,(/ ( @ / ) (/*+-+ +/*+) +, +/( +/* , - .

L( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +) (= + ( (-- :/ , ( - ( + , +*(, + / +/#(>+-*( += ; -( ( +/*+ , /( + ( -( *+ (, + + +- - :/ -*( ( +/

*, , -+) (,( (-+, +>+-* ;( /( @(- :/ ( +/( < +/ + - ( / +) (,*+#,+- ,,+ (/*+ + :,@(/ , ) -- /( ( +@(/ = + * +/+ ( , + ( + )

+/+) + (,@( ) ( > / + @,(, ( +)(>+-*(- :/ + +/.

P(,( L( ( 1J# ) +/+) + + , ,+) / +/ , ) ) @(- /+). E)*+, /- # ; @+/*+ +) + ( R ( +, ( # + ( (-,++ , + (*(= + ( )

+/+) = + +,*+/+-+/ ( +,) /() )* /*() ( ) + , + )+ ) )*+/*( +/ (

/(* ,( + ( ,+ (* ;( + ( ,+ (- :/ , -( @(- /( +) +- ,# + +- - +,*= + + ) +* (-* ; + - ( ,+ (- :/ '(-,++ ,' ) + + > , (, +K @+/- (+/ + - +/* + +*+, /( ( ,+)*(- :/ ' + (,# + (-+, + /

(-+,' ( ) +* () ; ' + ,' + ( ) ( ,+ (- :/ + /- +/* + (@(- :/ , + + ,# ( *( ( (-,++ , ( > , (, (/*+ + :,@(/

, ) -- /( ,+*+/) /+) *+/ +/*+) ( @,(, + - +/* , + + , +( @(- :/ () ( ) ( @(- :/ +) + (= + () = + + +/ )+,

( ,+- ( () (*, / ( +/*+# < = + +@( + +/* + - +/* )+,+ -+ ( ( / + /( +*+, /( ( ) ( + /+, # - ,,+) / + ( (-,++ , ) - *(, ( + ( (>+-*(- :/ , -( @,(;( +/ + ) +/+) = + +,*+/+-+/( + , ( +>+-* + = +# + ( -(/ (, )+/*+/- ( > , + ( ) >(; ,# + (/

- ) +/+) )+, +* + ) ()*( ;+/*( -(# - / + +* + ,+-( (,

1J L( ( M ,+# H?-* , E/, = +. A-+,-( + () *+,-+, () + , + ( - /*,( @,(; +/+) = +, ; +/+/ + @(,(/* () ,+( +). E/ ** . ) + . ,@. + + +- ) N010 *+,-+, (). * .

7



+ /+, = + ) ,;( (,( (@(, ( (-,++ ,. T( +) +/+)# - )+ / -(# * +/+/= + )+, /+-+)(, ( +/*+ + + , +/ * -() # + = +/+)# +/ ; ,* + (

+< + - /;+/ # + (/ () , ( ) ( @(- :/ = + + + , /- :.

S + +/ (>+-*( , -( +/*+ , + + - / + ( -( *+ (, (,( )+ +- - :/ ' , + + + (,@ ' / +,*+/+-+ ( + ,# ) / ( /( +,) /(( +/( ( ( ,+ (- :/ , -( ) )*(/* ;( +K )*+/*+ +/*,+ + + (/ (/*+ '(-,++ ,' < + + (/ ( ' + ,' - ,,+) / + ( ?)*( +,) /( (-+, ;( +, ) +,+- + , + ( ( +>+-* + = + + + # = + -*: + @,(;( +/#

+*+/@( ( ) ()*( -(# + + ) / +>+-* *( + ( < + +/*,+@ + + +/ ,+

+ +/- /( @,(;( +/.

L( (-- :/ = + ?)*+ *+,-+, (-+ ;( +, (/*+ + :,@(/ , ) -- /( )+ - / -+- ( *+,-+, ( +K- <+/*+ + , + ( *+,-+, ( + / ( -*, /( <

) ) )*+ () , -+)( +) - /*+ , /+ )# (/ +)*( +- = + + + = ++ + - / -+, + +)*( (-- :/ +) + , + = + -*: + + (,@ + (

-( *+ (, +) +- ,# + + = + - / -+ + , -+) , /- ( .

8



2. CONCEPTO

E (,* - 533B + C: @ P, -+)( C ; ( +)*( +- = + ( *+,-+, ( )+

+/* +/ + - / + + (/ (/*+ < + + (/ ( # < ): + + > / (,)+ +/ (, + ( + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) , + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/

+/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- + *( +) +/+) .

L( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +) ( (-- :/ = + - ,,+) / + ( , +*(, + /+/ = + ,+) *( (>+-*( , /( + ( -( *+ (, + + +- - :/ -*( ( (,(

(-+, +>+-* ;( /( @(- :/ ( +/( <# * +/+ - > /( ( ( +)(>+-*(- :/ +

+/. 2J.

P(,( H / )*, ( ( *+,-+, ( +/ @+/+,( J# +)*, -* )+/) # +) + , -+) , +- ( + *+,-+, = + (-* ( (= - + (/ (/*+J )+ /+ ( ) /*+,+)+) +

) ) +* ) (-* ; < () ; + ( ,+ (- :/ , - , -+)( = + +/- +,,( +/ > , ((--+) , ( ( + ( -( *+ (, = + +, -( ( , +, + ) / ,( )# <()+( (,( +K @ , + +;(/*( +/* + /( + ( ,+-( * , ( / + ( +/*+

*,( ( ( ) ,+ / +/ + ) , + ( (,( ,+- ( (, ) +,+- ( )+, ,+ /*+@,( + ) -,? * + (/+,( ,+>+,+/- ( - / + , -* *+/ +,+ (*+ + ) +/+) + ) + , (>+-*( ) , /( + ( -( *+ (, ( >(; ,

+ *, (-,++ , 3J.

E/ ( ( ,() + E/, = + F( -:/ 4J )+ ( ( *+,-+, ( ( ( ,+*+/) :// + +/ +/*+ + / *+,-+, ( +/ ( , -+) # = + ,+*+/ + + / + )

+/+) + (,@(/*+ ) ,+ - ) +/+) . E/ / :/ + L / P( (- ) +/*?, / ) @+/+,( +)# +/ /()+ *+,-+, ( ( ( ,+*+/) :/ = + + + /*+, /+,

/( +,) /( ( +/( ( () (,*+) = + /*+,; +/+/ +/ / +*+, /( , -+) (> / + = + )+ ) /@( + +;(/*( +/* + / + (,@ +/ +)+ , -+) ) ,+

2J CAS NB 991 98 HUANUCO.3J H / )*, ( M /@ + # A +,* 2008J. P, -+) ) - ; +) ,+ (- /( ) - / ( , + ( < (

)+) :/. L ( G(-+*( ! , -(# . 321.4J F( -:/# E/, = + M. 1978J. D+,+- P, -+)( C ; # C +,- ( < ( ,( . Q). A).#

C +,( ,( + D+,+- < C +/- () S - ( +). . 86.

9



/ , -+) + ) , + ( = + )+ + ,+- / -( ( +,+- ( )+, (@( - /,+>+,+/- ( ( + (,@(/*+ ( , -* + ( ;+/*( = + ( ) +* + - (+ ( .

S / + (,@ # - /) +,( ) = + +) ) + +/- /*,(, ) /* ) + ; )*(+) + ) - ( +) + + )+, +> / ( ( /)* * - :/ ( - +/*(,

2.1. Desde el pu !" de #$s!% sus!% !$#"D+,+- = + + -+ / *+,-+, +/*,+ ) ) * @(/*+)# ,+- ( ( , /

+,+- , . P /* + ; )*( (- @ +/ )+ + -()(* , ( - (/ )+ ,+- )(

= + S+ +/* +/ + , *+,-+, ( + , + ( # (= + +,+- = + + -+ /*+,-+, +/*,+ ) ) * @(/*+)# , ) < , # - ( < ;(/ +/ ) +( @ / + + )# *+/ +/ , +* + ,+- +,(,# , *+,-+,( +,) /(# )

+/+) + (,@( ) = + ( * + + + +- *(,)+ /( + ( + + (,@ +,(/+ ) , + ( 5J.

P +** (/ *( ) @ +/*+ E/ ) (-+ - :/ - /# ( / +/*, + ; -( (,

, - # *+,-+, +) /( +,) /( ( +/( ( /( ,+ (- :/ ( /( - /*, ;+,) () )- *( ( +/*,+ *,().

% + + - / / ) @/ > -( ) ( # = + +) ;+,) + ,+-+ +/*+. E, -+) - / < *( ?/ - /) +,( )*:, -( +/*+ * +/+ ) ) +* ) (-* , <

,+ + (/ ( # = + - / + + - /)* * <+/ ( *, @ ( , (/( = + ( , @+/ (( +( + ( ,+ (- :/ , -(# ) +) - +)*()# ) ) +* ) - ) - ) ) /

) (-* , , )J < + (/ ( )+- / )J. P+, + + /*+,;+/ , ; /*(, ( +/*+ , ( ( ) , () (,*+) , + + # (/*+) +) ?) +*,( ( ( - /* +/ (# *, ) +* *+,* )J = + +/ + + )+, - * )- /) ,*+# - ( < ;(/*+ ) )* * * ) -+) , + (-* ,J D+ (/ ( # +, = ++) ) + ,+ / / +; ) +* )* /* > ) -( +/*+ ( ) (/*+, ,+) < , -( +/*+*( ?/# ( / - (/ )+( ) +/ (* -+) + ) /*+,?).

5J CAS NB 1859 97 LA LIQERTAD 28 12 1999. E P+, (/ 28 12 1999. . 4424.

10



A +)*+ N +; S +* # ( *+,-+, )*( *+,-+, # - / + ) @/ > -( + = + / )+) P,+ ) (-* , , @ /(, J / )+- / ) + (/ ( , @ /(, J. A) (*+,-+, )*( ( ( +/ @(,(/* ( ,+( ,+( +,) /( J + +/ /- ( , > -*

)++ , < * (= + = + , ) /*+,?) , ,+-* , +>+/ +, //*+,?) ( +/ ( > / +>+/ +, + , # )+( +)+ /*+,?) , @ /(, , -+) :/#

) -+) :/ ) )* * - :/# /*+,; +/+ +/ / , -+) +/ +/*+# )+( -* )- /) ,*+ + ) ) +* ) , @ /( +)# +/ @(, + / + ) +/ > , (

/- <+/*+.

E/ ,+) +/# - (/ )*+, , +/*+ ( ( + (/ (# )+( ( + +,- - , +

(-* , + ( >(- *( + + , , *+-- :/ , -( /*+,; +/+ *, ) ) +* ) > +,(+ + (/ ( + (/ ( ) - /*,( = +/+) )+ , @ : ( + (/ (J#

) )* * <+/ - ( < ;(/ - / ) ) +* ) , /- ( +)# ) )*+/@ = + (<TERCERIA. P + + ( +, ,( ( + (-* ,+) + + (/ ( ) / # +

( +, / / +; ) +* >,+/*+ ( (-* , + (/ ( , @ /(, *+,* ) +/ )+/*,+)*, /@ J / . P + + ( +, ;(, ) * ) - /*, ;+,) () 6J.

2.2. Desde el pu !" de #$s!% p&"'es%lP,+*+/) :/ , -( = + )+ *,( *( ; ( , -+) ( ,+; ( , + - ( /( *+,-+,(

+,) /( ,+- ( ( /@,+)(, +/ ( ,+ (- :/ , -( , -+)( +K ,+)(/ /+,+- /- (* + - / + ,+ (*+ / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ . P+,) /(

= + + +- *( /( (-- :/ ( +/( ( / , -+) # /; -(/ ( ) >(; , / +,+-+ *+,-+, (.

P /* + ; )*( = + *( ?/ +) (- @ +/ )+ + - ; - (/ )+ ,+- )( = + L(

*+,-+, ( + , + ( +) ( (-- :/ = + - ,,+) / + ( , +*(, + / +/= + ,+) *( (>+-*( , /( + ( -( *+ (, + + +- - :/ -*( ( (,( (-+, +>+-* ;( /( @(- :/ ( +/( <# * +/+ - > /( ( ( +)(>+-*(- :/ +

+/ 7J.

6J P +** 1949J. T,(*( + *+,-+, (. Q). A). E (, S.A. E * ,+). . 32 34.7J CAS NB 991 98 HUANUCO.

11



S+ ( ( O,*+ ) R( ) = + +) + + /* + ; )*( , -+)( # +)*+ + (,@ +); < +> -( . E)* ) /+ = + , / (- , (,)+ () + () + @(,(/* ()

+ + (,@ *,( ( # = + ) +/+) , / )+, ) +* ) ( )

, -+ +/* ) + ,+( (- :/ > , )( ,+; )* ) +/ ( L+< < = + , / )+, ( -( ) ) ) ). T + ) / = + ( - ,- /)*(/- ( + / +,*+/+-+, )

+/+) ( + +- *( ,+ +,- *(# , ) ) (# +/ ( >( *( + ;( + < +> -(- (, -+)( +) + +)* ) (-* ) + + +- - :/ 8J.

P + ) )+ ( (, = + ( *+,-+, ( ; +/+ ( )+, (= + ( ,+*+/) :/ + - ( , / *+,-+, +/ / , -+) # + - ( / +) (,*+ ) )*(/* ;( / , -+)( # +/ - <(

; ,* ,+- ( ( + +;(/*( +/* + / + (,@ *,( ( ) ,+ / +/ + ), + ( # + (@ ,+>+,+/- ( + ) -,? * - / + , - + ( ;+/*( +

+/ + (,@( . E)* ) ) / ) / - ) ) +)* ) +/ = + ,+) *( ) +(/*+(, /( T+,-+, (# + +/ >+,+/- (,)+ + ) -() ) + I/*+,;+/- :/ +

*+,-+, ) +/ / , -+) # = + > +,(/ +/- /( ) (/*+, , +/*+ < - < ),+) +)* ) ) / - ) ( ) = + ) + () T+,-+, ().

S )+ ( ( ) ( /+-+)(, ( +K )*+/- ( + / + (,@ *,( ( ) ,+ / +/ +, + ( + *+,-+, )*(# + + ) + (, +/ - (, = + + + (,@ + + (-+,)+

+>+-* ; < / ) +-,+*( # +)* = + ,+- ?/ ( (-+,)+ +>+-* ; + + (,@- ,,+ ( (>+-*(- :/ + +/. T( ?/ -( + +/- /(, = + ( ,+>+, ,/ ) ( /

Q +/# /- ) +/ + *?, / ( ) +/+) / + +)# + +)# +,+- )/*+ +-* ( +)# / )*, ( +)# +*-.

EK )*+ -, *+, ) , ) , +/- ( +) +/ ) - ( +) )+ (-+ *( ( ) ( +/*+, /+, ( *+,-+, ( +/ ) , -+) + + +- - :/ + @(,(/* ( *+-(, (# () #

)+ )+ ( ( = + J ( *+,-+, (... ,+) *( >(-* + ) /*+, ) - :/ +/ / , -+)+ + +- - :/ + @(,(/* ( *+-(, ( * ( ;+ = +# ( *+-( +) / (-*

, - ) )*(/* ; # = + -,+( / +,+- ,+( + @(,(/* ( = + )+ - /)* * <+

8J O,*+ ) R( )# M. P, -+) C ; P, -* - . O . C +-* ;( C , . @ +/ )+/ ,(# &.J. M( ,

E . L( L+<# 2002. . 969.

12



; /*(, ( +/*+# (,( ,+) ( (, @(- /+) , () + *+,-+, ). J +/+)*+ -() + +,+- + ) *+,-+, )*()# (,( )+, +)* ) ( +,+- +(-,++ , *+-(, # + ( )+, /)-, * - / (/*+, , ( ( + ?)*+ , = +#

) *,()-+/ +/- ( (,( ,+;( +-+, / ) ,+ ( @(,(/* ( ,+( * +/+ = + +,+-+, (/ ) ) +/ )+/*+/- ( 9J.

9J CAS. N 1162 02 !UNIN. E P+, (/ 03 02 2003. . 9991.

13



(. FUNDAMENTO

(.1. L% !e&'e&)% e !*&+$ "s %+pl$"s

E , -+) # +/ , /- # ; /- ( ) ( + (/ (/*+ < ( + (/ ( # +, #>,+- +/*+ +/*+# )+ +K* +/ + *( ?/ ( *+,-+, ) = + + +/ +/- /*,(,)+(>+-*( ) + ) (/+,()# )+@ / )+ *,(*+ + / , -+) + - / - +/* ++ +- - :/. A) *( ?/ ( +- )( +, / +)*,( C ,*+ S ,+ ( - (/ (

,+- )( = + S+ +/* +/ + , *+,-+, ( + , + ( # (= + +,+- = ++ -+ / *+,-+, +/*,+ ) ) * @(/*+)# , ) < , # - ( < ;(/

+/ + + ( @ / + + )# *+/ +/ , +* + ,+- +,(,# , *+,-+,( +,) /(#

) +/+) + (,@( ) = + ( * + + + +- *(,)+ /( + ( + + (,@+,(/ + ) , + ( 10J.

E/ + , +, -() # + *+,-+, +>+/ +, ) +,+- /*+,; / +/ +/ ( ,+ (- :/, -+)( (,( +; *(, () - /)+- +/- () + /( )+/*+/- ( +)>(; ,( + +/ +

)+@ / # (, - /)+,;(/ ) -( ( + *+,-+, (,( ,+- ( (, + /+ +/ + (,@( # /( ,+>+,+/- ( ) ,+ + , - + ( ;+/*( + (

) ( (,( + (@ + ) -,? * .

(.2. T*&+$ "s % d$,e&e '$%& E/ / +)*, , -+) - ( # + *, *+ )+ ,+( ( +/*,+ ) (,*+) + (/ (/*+< + (/ ( () *( ?/# ( S+/*+/- ( ,+) *(/*+ + * @ ) )+ ,+>+, , (

- ) ) +* )# +, ) + + - ,, , = + ( S+/*+/- ( = + ,+-( @( +/ + , -+)+ ( (>+-*(, ) /*+,+)+) , ) + /!e&'e&"# +/ +)+ *+,-+, # )+@ / ()

/ , () +@( +)# +)+ +)*( +@ * ( (,( + (/ (, )+, + (/ (+/ + , -+) . D - + *,( (/+,(# +)*( +,) /( + + *+/+, / /*+,?)

+@ * +/ + - - ( * ) )+, +- (.

E/ +)*+ ) +)* # ( (,+-+ +/ ( * ) = +/ )+ +/ /( - !e&'e&"$ !e&#$ $e !e# /( +,) /( = + - (,+-+ , / - (* ;( , (# +/ +>+/)( +

10J CAS NB 1859 97 LA LIQERTAD. E P+, (/ 28 12 1999# . 4424.

14



) (*, / +,+- )# +/ / + * / - ( , *, )# - ( = +,( )+( ++)*( < ( /)*(/- ( +/ = + )+ +/- /*,(,+ (= ? .

Te&'e&": +,) /( = + /( ( * +/+ = + ;+, - / ( ,+ (- :/ , -( ) )*(/- ( . E .C /*,(* + - ,( ;+/*(. EK*,( +/ , -+) .Te&'e&)%: +,) /( = + +)* +@ * ( ( (,( /@,+)(, ( /( ,+ (- :/ , -+)( .P,+*+/) :/ , -+)( (-- :/ , -+)( .Te&'e&$s!%: + + (-+ *( (,* - (- :/ + *+,-+,( +,) /( - (,*+ +

, -+) .

L( *+,-+, ( )+ +/* +/ + - / + + (/ (/*+ < + (/ ( < ) + +> / (,)+ +/ ( , + ( + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) , + ( -( *+ (, (,( (+ +- - :/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- + *( +)

+/+). A ,+) +-* FALCON ,+- )( = + ( *+,-+, ( + / +) (= + ( J+/ ( = + + *+,-+, )*( ,+- ( ( ( , + ( + ( - )( + (,@( ( 11J.

O* ,@( /( +@ * (- :/ ( -( )( +/(, ( < ( ( /*+,; / +/*+ + -(, -*+, +

) +* , -+)( , (, . S+ ( - (/ +K )*+ /( ,+ (- :/ + +- , ; -( (, / , -+) ) )- *( +/*,+ *,() +,) /() < + +,+- + *+,-+, )*(.

11J F( -:/# E/, = + 1978J. D+,+- , -+)( C ; # - +,- ( < ( ,( . Q). A). C +,( ,(

+ D+,+- < C +/- () S - ( +)# . 86.

15



-. COMPETENCIA EN MATERIA DE TERCERÍA

L ) , -+) ) + *+,-+, ( )+ *,( *(/ +/ ( ; ( ( ,+; ( (# - /> , + ,+- )( +

(,* - 486B + C: @ P, -+)( C ; . P , *(/* ) +-+) - +*+/*+)(,( ) - / - +/* ) / ) - ; +) < ) + ( +*,( (,* - 488 +

CPCJ.

N )*(/*+# +/ ( + ( + = + ( *+,-+, ( ,+) /+ / , -+) <( / - (+/ + - ( )+ +/- +/*,( +/ +/*+ ( + +- - :/ + / +/ = + / +) +

, + ( + + , , /- ( + ( @(- :/ /- ( + / *+,-+,

,+) /)( +J# ) *, *+ - ,,+) / + = + - / -( + ) + = + - / -++ , -+) <( / - ( # + + = + , +/: ( + ( -( *+ (, = + (>+-*( +

+/ (,* - 100B + CPCJ. P , +)( ,( :/ )+ -+ = + ( /(* ,( + ( + +)*+, -+) +) /- +/*( # +/ *(/* ) *, *+ / + + +) @(,)+ + (

- +*+/- ( + + = + - / -+ + , -+) , /- ( .

C / ,+ (- :/ ( ( / , ( (/*+) )+ ( ( ( +K )*+ / ) - :/ < /*+,+)(/*+ ,

(,*+ + ( P, >+) ,( E @+/ ( ARIANO# (,( = +/ $ ( - (;+ (,(+*+, /(, = +/ +) + ! + - +*+/*+ +)*? )*( +/*+ +/ + (,* - 100B +

CPC# (,* - +/ + = + -(<+/ +/ / ; + += ; - # )+ - /- + ( ( *+,-+, (- /( /*+,;+/- :/ + *+,-+, ) # - )( = + ; ( +/*+ / +) *( +) (*+,-+, ( , +;+ / , -+) +- (,(* ; ( *:/ ( /)*(/- ( + *+,-+, )*(+/ - /*,( + () (,*+) + *, , -+) < / /( /)+,- :/ + / ()*( +)+

+/* J *+,-+, +/ / , -+) +/ +/*+ /*+, ( ). P+, ( = / -(J

;( ( + (,* - 100 + CPC +)* )*( +/*+ +/ = + ( )- ,, , , ( +/*+ + /*+,;+/- :/ / ) +)* / -(/ (/*+ = +/ )+ + +

(/*+(, ( *+,-+, ( - * ( /*+,;+/- :/ (/*+ + + + , -+) 12J.

R+) +-* + ( - +*+/- ( L( ( M ,+ ,+- )( = + + + - +*+/*+ (,(

12J A, (/ D+ # E @+/ (. L( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +/ + CPC + 1993 ) ) , + () <) ) (*( ) . E/ D ( @ - / ( ! , ) , +/- (. C ( +,/ ) , ) , +/- ( +). NB 39#P, +,( + - :/. S+* + ,+ 2004. . 03 17.

16



- / -+, ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + , + ( +) + ) + = + * +/+ (-(,@ + , -+) / + )+ -*: ( + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/. N )+

/- <+ +/ +)*+ ) +)* # + @,(;( +/ , @ /( +/ /( @(,(/* ( ,+( # - +)

+ -() + ( *+-(# +) *( (>+-*(- :/ , -( / * +/+ ) , @+/ +/ /(+- ) :/ , ) -- /( # ) / +/ /( +- ) :/ ; /*(, ( -+ + ,( ( +/*,+ +

(-,++ , < + - /)* * <+/*+ + ( @(,(/* ( +/ * -() +/ /( ) ) - :/+@( ' *+-( +@( '# +) ( / - (/ + *+,-+, (-,+ *+ ( , + ( +

+/ (>+-*( - / *+-(# *( (>+-*(- :/ / , +;(/*(,)+ +/ - , -+)( ,+; ( + *+,-+, (# +) + * * ,+@ )*,( = + ( , @+/ ( @,(;( +/

*+-(, / )+ , @ /( +/ /( +- ) :/ - ( # - +) + -() + + (,@

+ ( -( *+ (, +/ *( -() + /*+,+)( + +, (- , - / /( + (/ ( ')* /*( ( ( + *+,-+, (' / + + +* + , -+) )+( ( /+> -(- (

/;( + + ( @(,(/* ( ,+( /;( ( ( ( @(,(/* ( +- (,( ( ( /+> -(- ( +*( +,+- # ,+- ?/ )+ + + ) /+, + +;(/*( +/* + ( *+-(# = +/ +) ) + , -( +/*+ +/ + , -+) + *+,-+, (.

C <( ( = + ( - (,( +/*+ +)*( +- + + /*+,;+/ , +/ / , -+)

/ *+,-+, +) +- , (= + ( +/ ( ( ,+ (- :/ ) )*(/* ;( = + ( , @ /: < ( (,+ (- :/ , -+)( /)*( ,( (# = +/ ,+*+/ + )+ + ,+- / -( ) +,+- +/

) - :/ ( ) * @(/*+) +/ - , -+) # - - /)+- +/- ( + /( + (-( *+ (, + +- *( ( ,+) +-* + / +/ +/+) + ) , + ( ,+) +-* +- ( * ; +,( / + , +,+- = + + * * (, + ( + ( -( *+ (, - /-+ (. E + + ( ,+*+/) :/ , /- ( ,+) *( - +*+/*+ (,( = + - / -( ( (-- :/

+ *+,-+, ( /*+, +)*(.

17



. CLASES

C /> , + )+ ( ,+- ( + ( / , ( , -+)( < + ( -*, /(# )+ )+ ( ( (

+K )*+/- ( + ) - ()+) + *+,-+, (# ( , +,( ( ( ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +K- <+/*+ + / J < ( )+@ / ( ( ( ( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ J.

.1. A''$/ de Te&'e&)% de P&"p$ed%d " de d"+$ $"

.1.1. C" 'ep!"

L( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +) ( (-- :/ = + - ,,+) / + ( , +*(, + / +/= + ,+) *( (>+-*( , /( + ( -( *+ (, + + +- - :/ -*( ( (,( (-+, +>+-* ;( /( @(- :/ ( +/( <# * +/+ - > /( ( ( +)(>+-*(- :/ + +/.

P(,( H / )*, ( ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +) + , -+) +)* /( ( (-,+ *(, +/ + / +/ ) ,+ + - ( ,+-(+ /( + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/

-*( ( +/ *, , -+) # (,( ) @,(, ) +)(>+-*(- :/ , ( +, ) - (

+ ( / + ( +/*+ ) - *( ( < +-,+*( (. S / + ,(@ ,+- )( ( + )= +# ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( *( ?/ + + )+, , ; ( - / + +* +

@,(, ( -(/-+ (- :/ + () @(,(/* () ,+( +) = + (>+-*(/ + +/ + *+,-+,+, -( # ) + ,+ < - (/ ) +,+- + , + ( )+ +/- +/*,+ /)-, *

- / (/*+, , ( ( ( (>+-*(- :/ ,+( +/ - +)* :/ 13J.

I@ ( +/*+ ( ,+) +-* # L( ( M ,+ )+ ( ( = + )*:, -( +/*+ ( *+,-+, ( +

, + ( +K- <+/*+ + / ( ) +/)( ( - / + +* + = + += + ) ) / + (,@ ' + ( -( *+ (,' ) ,+ / +/ = + / +) +

+ (/ ( # ) /@( ) +;(/*( +/* ' +)(>+-*(- :/' ) + *+,-+, (-,+ *(( , + ( + ,+>+, +/ + ) /+ + -*( + /( + ( , ; ) , (+ ) ) +/) :/ + , -+) ') ,+) +-* + +/ - <( , + ( /; -(

+ *+,-+, '# ( / - (/ ?)*+ )+ +/- +/*,+ +/ ( +*( ( + + +- - :/# - /

13J H / )*, ( M /@ + # A +,* 2010J. P, -+) ) A ,+; ( ). T &III. L ( ! , )*(

E * ,+). . 397.

18



)+/*+/- ( > , + + + - +*+/*+ (,( - / -+, ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +) +) = + -*: ( - *( ( + ( -( *+ (,.

A *,(*(, ( *+,-+, ( + / # ! (/ M /*+, A, -( (/ > +)*( ) @ +/*+#P , + + +)*( *+,-+, ( )+ > , ( , + *+,-+, ) - :/ ( / (-*

- /-,+* + + (,@ # +/ = + )+ +;(/*+ ( (>+-- :/ +-,+*( ( ) ,+ /+/ +*+, /( . P(,( + + *+,-+, * +/+ = + (> , (,# +/ = + +) + +

+)+ +/ < = + / ( ( = , + + +- *( /( ;+ +-,+*( ++ (,@ J# +/ = + +) * * (, + / +,+- = +# , ) ) - :/ +@( # + +

/+,)+ ( + (,@ ( ( ,+( (- :/ > , )( + +/ + (,@( -+,*+/+- +/*+ ( + +- *( . E +* + ( *+,-+, ( )+ ,+ -+ () ( ( ( +/*+ + (,@ # = + +) + , + *+,-+, )*( < = + +) /+@( , + + +- *(/*+

<# +/ ) -() # , + + +- *( # ) - ( +) / + +/ + , - )( )* /*( 14J.

.1.2. Fu d%+e !" A ,+) +-* + + ,+- )(,)+ = + + ) )*+/* + +)*( > @ ,( +)* /* ( +/*+

; /- ( ( - / + +,+- + , + ( # +,+- ,+( ( *,(;?) + - (+*+, /( +/ )+ +/- +/*,( ) +* ( ( (-- :/ < ; /*( + /(+,) /(. P , + H / )*, ( 15J ,+- )( = + + , -+) + *+,-+, ( )+ ()( +/( , *+-- :/ + / -( +,+- ,+( # ) @/ > -(/ + + +,- - + ( (-- :/

,+ ; / -(* , ( - (/ +/ ( @ /( * ) )+ (>+-*+/ ) +,+- ) + * * (,. C( +,+)( *(, = + ) +/ + +/ ) ,+ + - ( ,+-(+ ( + ( ,+-( * , ( (,( (+ +- - :/ > +)+ ) )+ , + ) +* , -+)( = + ( ) >,+ +/ > , (

/ + (*(# )+, + , +*(, = +/ , ,+ ; / -(, (- +/ ) + (*+,-+, ( + , + ( .

P(,( A ) /( E / +) + +,+- ,+( +/ ; ,* + - ( /( - )( )++/- +/*,( ) +* ( ( ( ; /*( < ( ( (-- :/ + /( +,) /(# +) +K- ) ; <

14J M /*+, A, -(# ! (/. 2001J. E N +; P, -+) C ; L+< 1 2000. 2 ( E - :/. &( +/- (E *. T ,(/* L Q (/- # . 763 764.

15J H / )*, ( 2010J. O . C *.# . 400.

19



+ , +*(, + + + , ( *+,-+, ) + ) # @ -+ ) ) - :/ + ( - )(+) +, +* < ) ) )*+ / + +/ +/*+ +/*+ + + +,- - = + )+ + ( (-+, +? . N( + + + )+, , ;( + ) , + ( ) / , -( )( + * ( -(

,+; ( +) )+) :/ < /( )*( / + / (- :/.

P , + )+ ( ( = + C (/ )+ + (,@(/ +/+) +,*+/+- +/*+) ( / *+,-+, #?)*+ + + /+,)+ /; -(/ ) +,+- + / # (,( + - ( )+ +( * , ( , ( +< ( + - , ( (-- :/ + *+,-+, (. P+, +)*( +) /( >(- *( = +)+ + (- +, (# ,= + *,(* / )+ + / + +)# / +, + + / , +

+- + = + )+ +,( ;+/ +/ ( + +- - :/ <( = + , ,+ ; / -(, +

*+,-+, ( = , +/*+ +/*,() ) +,+- / )+ (<( +K* /@ , ,+)-, - :/ 16J.

A) # *( ?/ +/* +/ + ( / , ( , -+)( (,* - 533B + C: @ +/ + - ()+ +)*( +-+ = + ( *+,-+, ( )+ +/* +/ + - / + + (/ (/*+ < + + (/ ( # <) + + > / (,)+ +/ ( , + ( + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) - ( +/*+ ,

+ ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@(

- / + ,+- + *( +) +/+). S / + (,@ # + + > / (,)+ +/ ( , + ( ++/+) (>+-*( ) - / @(,(/* () ,+( +)# - (/ + +,+- + *+,-+, )*( )+

+/- +/*,( /)-, * - / (/*+, , ( ( - ( (>+-*(- :/.

E/ *( )+/* # ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( * +/+ , > /( ( +) +- > -( (+)(>+-*(- :/ + (= + +/ = + ( ) (>+-*( , /( + ( (-( *+ (, + + +- - :/ -*( ( (,( (-+, +>+-* ;( /( @(- :/ ( +/(. E/ +)*+ )+/* #

( *,(;?) + ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( + +@ ) ( , >(- *( ( ;+, ) / ) + /+/ (,( = + + ( +)(>+-*(, < () +; *(, = + ) +/ ,+) / ( , /(

@(- :/ + ( - ( ? / +) + * * (,# - - /)+- +/- ( + / , -+) +- ( *( - +) (,*+.

S +/ - /> , + )+ ( (/ ) (,* - ) 100B < 533B + C: @ P, -+)( C ; #

16J A ) /(# H @ 1963J. T,(*( *+:, - , -* - + D+,+- , -+)( - ; < - +,- ( . T

III. Q). A). C ( ( (,@+/* /( + E * , ( +) S.R.L* (. . 346 347.

20



+ , +*(, + + + , ( *+,-+, ) + ) # @ -+ ) ) - :/ + ( - )( (*+,-+, ( + , + ( * +/+ - > /( ( = + )+ ,+- / -( + +,+- +*+,-+, )*( +/ ) - :/ ( + (= + ) = + * @(/ +/ / , -+) / + / +/

= + )+ (*, <+ + *+,-+, ( ) (>+-*( , + ( -( *+ (, )+ +/- +/*,((,( ( + +- - :/# ) * (- :/ = + - (/ )+ - />, /*( +,+- ) ,+( +) /)-, * )

) + + - ,, , ) )+ +K( /( ( +/( >+ + = +/ /)-, : , +, # () /*= + ,+) *( ( +/ ( + (* + +/ *+,-+, () + , + ( < = + , @ /( /(

(/ > +)*( /- /+K :/ :@ -( +/*,+ ) +- ) < + +* * , . D+ (/ () - / (> / ( +/*(- :/ (/*+( ( (/*+ + />+, , +/ @,( +;(/ / ) * +- +)* /( +/* ( (-* , - - /*+/ +/ + - +/* = + +/- +,,( ( (

@(,(/* ( ,+( , / ( ( ) *( , (/ ( ( J# = + *( - +)(*+, ( + , -+) + *+,-+, ( + , + ( # ,(* > - / )+ - / +)* (,+)+/- (# +/ * -() # + ( ,+- *( ( -( )( + , -+ +/- ( +/ + /- ) 5+ (,* - 427B + C: @ P, -+)( C ; .

.2. C" d$'$" es de l% %''$/ de !e&'e&)% de d"+$ $"

L ) (,* - ) 533B < 535B + C: @ P, -+)( C ; +)*( +-+/ ),+) +)* )# *(/* +* ; ) - ) +* ; )# - <( - /- ,,+/- ( +*+, /( (

*+/- :/ + ( * *+ ( - ( - ,,+) / +/*+ ( ( *+,-+, ( + / . D+/*,+ - ) ,+) +)* ) , ( ) )* /@ , (= + ) ,+ (* ; ) ( (

( ) ( + ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( < (= + ) ,+ (* ; ) ( > / + (,+*+/) :/.

.2.1. P&esupues!"s &el%!$#"s % l% %d+$s$0$l$d%d de l% de+% d%S+ ( ( + (,* - 535B + ( / , ( , -+)( = + L( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( /)+, ( * ( ) / ,+ /+ ) ,+= ) * ) + A,* - 424B <# ( + )# ) +

+ (/ (/*+ / , + ( ) +,+- - / - +/* - , ;( + >+- (- +,*(# +/ ) +>+-* # ) / ( @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ ( -, *+, + ! + (,(,+) / +, , ) ( ) < +, - ) = + ( *+,-+, ( +,( ,, @(,. A) +)#

+ ) )+ ( (, = +# - / -(, -*+, ,+; ( , / /- ( +/* ) ,+ + +,+-

21



+ *+,-+, )*(# < - ,+= ) * ) (,( ( ( ) ( + ( + (/ (# + +/- /- ,, , ) ) @ +/*+)

.2.1.1. U p&$ '$p$" de p&ue0% p"& es'&$!" del ,u d%+e !" de l%p&e!e s$/ del !e&'e&$s!%

S+ *,(*(# +/ +> / * ;(# + = + /* - / ( + (/ ( )+ (- ( + +, (* , ) > - +/*+ - +/* - , ;( )+ ( ( ( / , (J = ++, *(# ) / ,+ @(, + > / + () /* # /+, + (/ > +)* ( (@ )*,( (

* * (, ( + *+,-+, )*( ) ,+ + +/ +,+- + (,@( . C )+ ( (O,*+ ) R( ) / ) ( ( ) (/*+ / +) +- ( ,+= ) * + ( ) :/ + (

+ (/ (# - <( +K @+/- ( +)* )* > -( ( ,= + ( ,+ +,- ) :/ = + (( ) :/ + ( *+,-+, ( * +/+ ) ,+ ( + +- - :/ ') ) +/) :/ + ( (-* ; (+ +- * ;( ) ,+ ) +/+) < +,+- ) ( ) = + )+ ,+> +,(' (-+ (- /)+ ( += + + *+,-+, )*( (-,+ *+ = + ) ,+*+/) :/ - +/*( - / / / +> / ( +/* 17J.D - ,+= ) * + ( ) ( + ( + (/ ( / + + - /> / ,)+ - / (

@(- :/ + ( (,*+ + (- ( (, ( ) +)-, * + + (/ ( * ) (= + )

- +/* ) +/ = + ( ) ( ) )*+/*+ ) ,+*+/) :/# / - / ( +( + = + (( ,*(- :/ - +/*( / - ( )+( + / - + (,( , (, + > / ( +/* +

( ,+*+/) :/.P(,( /+, - / ?K * /( *+,-+, ( +K- <+/*+ ,+) *( ,+)- / + = + )+(-,+ *+ = + ( >+- ( + ( = ) - :/ )+( - +,*( < - /> ( + < = + ,+-+ ( +/ +* + ( ( + + ( -( *+ (,.C /> , + )+ ( ( R , @ + G(,-?) 18J + *+,-+, )*( + + , (, + (- +,

- / () ,+@ () @+/+,( +) ) +,+- + / ) ,+ ) +/+) + (,@( ).

D+ + , (, = + ( - )( + (,@( ( +) ( = + ,+- ( (# < ,+- )(, ( +/* (+ + ( +/ *( > , ( = + +;+ ( - /;+/- +/* + + = + = + )+ ,+- ( (

< + +,*+/+-+ +) ,+- )( +/*+ + +* + (,@( < / *, .

17J O,*+ ) R( )# M. 2002J. P, -+) C ; P, -* - . O . C +-* ;( C , . @ +/ )+/ ,(#&.J. M( , E . L( L+<# . 980.

18 R , @ + G(,-+) 1967J. T,(*( + *+,-+, (). T I. S+@ / ( E - :/. C /-+ - :/L *+- L* (. E * ,+). . 309.

22



A + (/ (/*+ + - ,,+) / + (-,+ *(, +/ ) (-* ) )* (* , ) + ),+*+/) :/ + (/+,( +/( ) +,+- + , + ( . E/ *( )+/* + +

*+/+,)+ +/ - +/*( = + +/ + -() + +/+) + +) + (-- /(/*+ (-,+ *(,

) +,+- - / ( - ,,+) / +/*+ +)-, * ,( -( C ( L *+,( + /+/ ( = + )+ + ( - ,, ,(, - ( (> , (- :/. E/ + -() + +/+) + +)

+ +, ()*(, - / = + )+ + ( +)*( +-+, ( )+) :/ + +/# ( ) (= + +*+/*( ( ( +/* + ( + +- - :/ + ( + ( -( *+ (, ) +)*(.

A ,+) +-* A ) /( 19J ,+- )( = + - (/ + (,@( > +)+ + + +)/+-+)(, (-+, / )* /@ . S + *+,-+, )*( )+ +/- /*,( ( +/ )+) :/ + (

- )( +/ + +/* + + (,@ # , ( ( ( )+) :/ - ,,+) / + (-+, @(, ( ( *+,-+, (# ,= + + )++ , * +/+ ( ) >(; , ( ,+) /- :/ + (

, + ( . A /= + / /@ / + ) - +/* ) ,+)+/*( ) (,( )* > -(, ()+) :/ , + +/ , ) ) ) ( ;+, ( + ( >+- ( +K ,+)( ( +/ + )#

,+) +-* + *+,-+, )# + - / /* + / -(- /+) - /- , (/*+) = + + )) / )*,(/ ( * , ( ( , -+ +/- ( + ( *+,-+, ( + - ( ) / (<(/*+-+ +/*+) + ( )+) :/ (/*+, , + + +- *( .

L( (-,+ *(- :/ + +,+- + , + ( + + +/- /*,()+ + ( +/*+) )*+/*( ( +/ - +/* :/+ +/ + - ( )+ + ( - ,, ,(, + +,+- +*+,-+, )*(# () +/ + -() = + + + (/ (/*+ ,+)+/*+ /( / *( + - ,(;+/*( = + / )+ +/- +/*,+ +@( ( ( -+,* > -( ( , / *(, # / * ,@( +) )*+/* /+-+)(, ( ! + (,( = + ( *( ( *, *+ ( + (/ (# () # +/ )+ +-()(* , ( )+ ( )+ ( ( = + L( *+,-+, )*( ,+*+/ + (-,+ *(, ) +,+- - /

/( / *( ...J# ( = + / )+ +/- +/*,( +@( ( ( -+,* > -( ( / *(, ( +/*+/ ()*(/ ( +K )*+/- ( + / )+ + ( N *(, (# , = + - - +/*/ + + )+, / + ( +,+- + *+,-+, ) 20J.I@ ( +/*+# ,+) *( , -+ +/*+ ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( ) + + (/ (/*+ /(-,+ *( ( , + ( + +/ / + + ( ( >+- ( + > , ( (- :/ + (

+ ( + + (,@ +/ > , ( + /)-, - :/ + ,+>+, / + +.

19J A ) /( 1963J. O . C *.# . 351.

20J CAS. NB. 125 2000 LA LIQERTAD.

23



D+ @ ( > , ( +/ )+ + -()(* , ( )+ ( ,+- )( = + L( +)(>+-*(- :/ + /@,(;( +/ *+-(, / + + @,(,)+ ( *,(;?) + / , -+) + *+,-+, (#) / +/ / + / ( + (-* , - . %( = + ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( # * +/+

- ,+) +)* , -+)( > / ( +/*( = + )+ (-,+ *+ ( , + ( + )+/+) (>+-*( ) +/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- +

*( +) +/+) 21J.

.2.1.2. L% e $s!e '$% del e+0%& " s"0&e 0$e es 3 de&e'4"sP+)+ ( = + ,+) *( +; +/*+ ( +K )*+/- ( + +)*+ ,+= ) * # ( ( - +/*( = +

( > /( ( + ( *+,-+, ( + / +) = + )+ + + ) / +>+-* + + (,@

/ + ( +/*+ *,( ( # - +,* +) = + + (,* - 534B + ( / , ( , -+)(+)*( +-+ / ) *+) *+ ,( +) ( ( /*+, ) - :/ + ( *+,-+, ( + / .S+@ / + ( ( *+,-+, ( + + )+, /*+, +)*( +/ - ( = +, +/* (/*+) + = +)+ / - + + ,+ (*+ + +/# + +/* / - ( + + ) * (,)+ +/ + +/* +/= + )+ (<( + (,@( + +/ +/+) ( = + )+ ,+> +,+# ( /= + + + (,@)+( ,+;+/* ; # +, = + /- ) )+ +/- +/*,+ +/ + +- - :/ < (,( )- ,,+) / +/*+ ,+ (*+. E/ +)*+ )+/* # < (,( (*+/ +, ( +/* - /-,+*

+ + (,@ (< = + (- , ( (,* - 611B + ( / , ( , -+)( = + +)*( +-++ - /*+/ + ( +- ) :/ -( *+ (, () - + (,* - 638 < 641B ,+>+, ( (+ +- - :/ + ( + ( +>+-* ( ( , > /- /(, - ,+( ( ( , )+-,+*(, ,+) +-* ; .

E +/* > /( # - / -( + ( (,*( )+@ / + (,* - 534B +/ ,+ (- :/( ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( + + ,+( (,)+ +/ - ( = +, +/* ()*( (/*+)

+ = + )+ / - + + ,+ (*+ + +/ < (,( + ) +)* + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+()*( (/*+) = + )+ ,+( -+ + (@ ( (-,++ ,.

N )*(/*+# ) ,(/*+ ( ) )*(/- (- :/ + , -+ +/* + *+,-+, (# ++ (,@ +) ( ( + (/*+ ,+) - :/ > , +# / ) +/- /*,(,+ ) (/*+ /(-(,+/- ( ) ,+;+/ ( + +* , = +# + , -+ +/* + *+,-+, (> /( (, ( ( +,)+ ) )*,( ( (*+, (.

21J CAS. NB. 444 2004 LAMQA%E$UE E P+, (/ # 01 06 2006.

24



L / P( (- 22J ( ,+) +-* ( /*( = + ( ( ) ( + () *+,-+, ()- ( = +,( )+( ) - ()+# )+ (<( - / - /( ( ( ( +K )*+/- ( + / + (,@ .E/ -() - /*,(, / +K )* , ( /*+,?) , - = + ( ) )*+/*()+# ,= + ( / +/

( :*+) ) + = + +/ / , -+) +/ +/*+ +/*,+ *,() +,) /() (- /*, ;+,) ( ;+,)(, ) ,+ / , -+) +/ +/*+ +/*,+ *,() +,) /() (- /*, ;+,) ( ;+,)(, ) ,+ + / + / +/ + , + ( + *+,-+, )*(# ) ,+ / -,? * + ?)*+ ,+ (- /( - / ( - )( * @ )(# ( )+/*+/- ( = + +/+)+ , -+) )+ -*(, + )+, ( / / + < -(,+-+, ( , *(/* + * (; ,* ( ( (,( +) (, + +/ + / +,+- ,+>+,+/- ( ) ,+ ? .

N ()*(# , *,( (,*+# = + + + (,@ (<( ) , +/( # A + ) +)/+-+)(, = + (<( ) +>+-* ;( +/*+ *,( ( . C( + )+ ( (, () ) # = +

( , ) , +/- ( ( +K*+/ ( ( ) ( + *+,-+, () >,+/*+ ( (+K )*+/- ( + *,( - ()+ + + () ) * (- /+) , -+)( +) - <()- /)+- +/- () += ;( +/ +)+/- ( +/*+ ( () + + (,@ . D+ ( = + )+ (<(

+- = + ( ,+*+/) :/ + *+,-+, ( + + )+, /*+, +)*( - / * ; +)+- +)*, .

.2.1.(. P&es!%'$/ de '%u'$/E C: @ P, -+)( C ; # +/ ( (,*+ > /( + (,* - 535B +)*( +-+ / *+,-+,

,+) +)* + ( ) ( + ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( = + / +) +K @ + +/* -() # ) / - (/ / )+ (<( (-,+ *( + +,+- , (,*+ +

+ (/ (/*+ - / - +/* , ;( - # , = + ( -, *+, + ++ +, * ,@(, @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+.

S+ *,(*(# +/ +> / * ;(# *( < - )+ ( ( M /*+, A, -( + , *+@+, ((-,++ , >,+/*+ ( () (- /+) , ; -( () , + (/ () ( ) ;() -(,+/*+

+ > / ( +/* < + ()+@ ,(, +# +/ ) -() # / ( +- ( ,+)(,- +/* , ++, - = + + +,+ -() /(, + 23J.

22J P( (- L / 1983J. D+,+- P, -+)( C ; . T III. T+,-+,( ,+ ,+) :/. Q). A).

A + + P+,, *# . 276.23J M /*+, A, -(# ! < O*, 2004J. L( *+,-+, ( + / . &( +/- ( E . T ,(/* Q (/- . .

309.

25



C /) +,( ) +/ +)*+ -() = + ( -, *+, + ! + ( -(/ ) +* , ( +/*+( / , ( ,+ (* ;( ( ( - /*,(-( *+ (# , ) /+, = + )+ ,+)*+ /( +

/(* ,( + ( ,+( +,) /( . E/ +)*+ * -() )+ + + /- , ( ( -( - :/

,(* , (# ( = + , )+, ( * ( ) + ,+ = + +)*( )+( , ,- /( < +> -( .

S )+ ,+)+/*( /( @(,(/* ( + /(* ,( + ( +,) /( +)*( + +, )+, >,+- ( +/+ +)-, * + *+,-+, (# ) +/ ,+= ) * /+-+)(, ( +@( (- :/ + ( > , ( (/*++ )+-,+*(, +) +- ( )*( +@( ,+) +-* ; .

E/ + -() + ( @(,(/* ( + /(* ,( + ( ,+( )+ - /)* * <+ - / + ?, * + (

,+) - :/ = + ( *+ ( *+,-+, ( < ,+-(+ ) ,+ ) +/+) + , + ( += +/ ( >,+-+# / +/ )+, + ) ) ) ) +* + *+,-+, (# +/*( )+/* + ! + ,+ * , + > - ,+) +-* ; (,( ) /)-, - :/ +/ + ,+@ )*,- ,,+) / +/*+.

.2.2. P&esupues!"s &el%!$#"s %l ," d" de l% p&e!e s$/S+ ( ( + (,* - 533B + ( / , ( , -+)( = + L( *+,-+, ( )+ +/* +/ + - /

+ + (/ (/*+ < + + (/ ( # < ): + + > / (,)+ +/ ( , + ( + )+/+) (>+-*( ) - ( +/*+ , + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/ +/ +

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- + *( +) +/+). S / +, - + )+ ( ( # + + > / (,)+ +/ ( , + ( + +/+) (>+-*( ) - / @(,(/* ()

,+( +)# - (/ + +,+- + *+,-+, )*( )+ +/- +/*,( /)-, * - / (/*+, , ( (- ( (>+-*(- :/ .

A *+/ , + ( ,+ (-- :/ + - (,* - )+ + + ( (, + *,+) ,+= ) * )

,+ (* ; ) ( > / + ( ,+*+/) :/

.2.2.1. N" !e e& l% '" d$'$/ de p%&!e e l% e5e'u'$/N ) * +/+/ ( - / - :/ + *+,-+, + ) +* = + +) ( +/ ( , -+ +/*

, /- ( # ) / (= + = + +) +K*,( ( ( + ( = + (/* +/+/ + +- *(/*+ <+ +- *( .

26



T( - )+ ( ( M /*+, A, -(# + (-* , + ( *+,-+, ( ( + *+/+, /+-+)(, ( +/*+ ( - / - :/ + *+,-+, ,+) +-* + , -+) + + +- - :/# = + ) @/ > -( = + / * +/+ +@ * (- :/ = +/ <( +) (,*+ +/ +)+ , -+)

) +* () ; + ( + +- - :/ > , )( 24J.P+, )+, (,*+ +/ ( + +- - :/ / +) +)*(, +,) /( - *( +/ ( ) (#) / - ( )+ ( ( O,*+ ) R( ) / ( +, ) +)* +/ ( ) - :/ +

(,*+) + +- *( () - - /)+- +/- ( + ( (-* ; ( + +- * ;( 25J.

E/ +> / * ;( = + (/ +K- ) / ) (= + ) ) +)* ) +/ = + ( + +- - :/)+ ( +) (- ( >,+/*+ ( /( +,) /( + +- *( J ) / *( ?/ (= + ) = +#

*( < - )+ ( ( ( / , ( , -+)( # )+ (/ ; )* (>+-*( ) , /( +K*+/) :/+ ( ,+) /)( ( +/ ( ; ( + +- * ;(# ( )+, , +*(, ) + ) +/+)

+) +- ( +/*+ (>+-* ) ( (@ + ( + ( +/ - <( ; ,* )+ , -+ + .

.2.2.2. Te e& l% '%l$d%d de p&"p$e!%&$" " !$!ul%& del 0$e " de&e'4"+%!e&$% de e+0%& "

C +)*( +-+ ( / , ( , -+)( ( *+,-+, ( ) ( +/*+ + + > / (,)+ +/ (, + ( + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) - ( +/*+ (,( ( + +- - :/.

A) # +)# ( * *+ ( + ( *+,-+, ( + / / ) + + - /-+ +,)+ ( * * (, + / +,+- + , + ( ) ,+ + +/ + (,@( ) / ( (= + ) *, )

* * (,+) + +,+- )# )* /* ) + + , + ( # +, ) )-+ * +) + )+, +* + / + (,@ / + ;.@,. * * (, ( + - +/*() (/-(, ()# +,+-

+ ) >, -* # +,+- + - , + ( # +*-.J. N )*(/*+ (/*+, ,# - +,* +)= + ( @,(/ (< , ( + ) ) +)* ) = + +/ ( , -* -( , @ /(/ +

(/*+( +/* + /( *+,-+, ( + / * +/+/ - ()+ + +,+- +, + ( .

E/ ,+ (- :/ - / )+ ( ( # +) ,*(/*+ ,+- )(, = + + *+,-+, )*( + +

24J M /*+, A, -(. O . C *.# . 94.

25J O,*+ ). O . C *.# . 975.

27



(-,+ *(, = + +/ ( ( = ) - :/ + ) +,+- (/ - /- ,, * ) ),+= ) * ) +K @ ) , ( +@ ) (- :/ - ; (,( = + *+/@( @(, - ( ( = ) -<# +/ (,* - (,# - (/ )+ *,(*+ + ( = ) - /+) +, ;(* ;()# < , (-* ) /*+,

; ; )# = + (<(/ - /- ,, + * * < + .

E +,+- + )+) :/ *( ?/ + + )+, - /) +,( * * = + (-,+ *+ (, + ( ) )+ * +/+ +/ - +/*( ( ,+) /- :/ +@( + ( ) (# + @ ( > , (

( ,+- )( ( C ,*+ S ,+ ( 26J - (/ )+ ( ( = + E +,+- +, + ( +) + +, , - = + +, *+ )(,# )>, *(,# ) /+, < ,+ ; / -(, / +/ < = + ( + )# ) +/+) + +) )+ *,(/)> +,+/ , *,( - :/ < = +

+K )*+ ,+) /- :/ + , + ( + (= + = ? + +/( >+ < - , +*(,,+- + ( )+) :/ + ( - )( + + .

P(,( R( , P +** # = +/ - +/*(/ + ,+= ) * ) ,+ + - +/* +> , () +@( +) + ( + (/ ( +/ + , -+) + *+,-+, (# +/*,+ / ) *, ) +(,* - 535 + CPC# +K ,+)( ( E * * ( - ( )+ ,+> +,+/ +)*()

) ) - /+) +@( +)# / +) /+-+)(, ( +/*+ + * * *,() (* ; + / #

* ,@( + (- +, - / () ,+)-, - /+) +@( +) ) / + = + , ( >(- +#(-,+ *+ + +,+- + *+,-+, )*( / ; + ) = + +)*( ) *,(*(/ (= )

( ( ) ( + ( + (/ (J 27J.

L( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +) /( ,+*+/) :/ , ( + *+,-+, (>+-*( - /+ ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/# < - *( # / - /)* * <+ /( +* - :/ (/*+, , + +)*+ , -+) . E/ )+ + -()(* , ( )+ ( ,+- ( = + +) / ( (

,+) - :/# = + , / /- / )+ ) ,+ + > / + ( - /*, ;+,) (# +- (,(, -+ +/*+ + (/ ( + (/ (# +)# + + ;+, > -(, ) - + )

,+= ) * ) + (,* - 534B < 535B + C: @ P, -+)( C ; (,( )( ) ( .E/ +>+-* )+ *,(*( + / ,+= ) * + ( ) ( # / ) +/ /+-+)(, = + +

26J CAS. NB 1066 03 UCA%ALI.27J P +** # R( , 2004J. T,(*( + ( *+,-+, (. T+,-+,( + - :/ ( ( ( < (-* ( ( ( ,

& -* , G +,,+, L+- /*+. Q). A). E * , ( E (,# . 80.

28



- +/* (-,+ *+ + (/+,( /- /*, ;+,* + + +,+- /; -( +*+,-+, )*(# +) + + + +,(, ) ,+ +)* +/ ( +*( ( , -+)(- ,,+) / +/*+. R+- , + ) = + + + # ) = + + )* , ( ,# +)*

( ( ( / (@(, ) ,+ ) +- ) + ()( < ( +- (,(, ( ;+, ( + )) ) + + # - + )* , ( ,# )+ -+ *( ?/ = + / + + +;(, (

-( /( ( , + >(/*() (# ) / /( ,( + + +-- :/ < + - /)*, -- :/ ) ,+(* ) ,++K )*+/*+). E/ ( )* , ( < +/ + , -+) )+ ( ( + , + ()# +

- +/* )# + *+)* / )# + > +/*+)# < + ) -, * -( 28J.

.2.2.(. Ad6u$s$'$/ del 0$e " de&e'4" '" % !e&$"&$d%d % l% %,e'!%'$/

del e+0%& "L( +K @+/- ( + +)*+ ,+= ) * +) +; +/*+# * ( ;+ = + ( (/ *(- :/ ++ (,@ / *( () >(- *( +) + ) ) - :/ + * * (, + +/ + (,@( . A ,( +/# + ( = + ( *,(/) ) :/ + +/+) +,+- ) + (,@( ) +)

+,>+-*( +/*+ ) + < ; ( +/ + * + () ,+ (- /+) , -() <# +/; ,* + , /- + )+@ , ( , -(# +)( *,(/) ) :/ / + + +, -(, (+K +-*(* ;() + - , + (-,++ , + +- *(/*+# / ( (,(, ( ) )*,(-- :/ + /

+/ + + , +,)+@ +/ / , -+ +/* + + +- - :/.

P+, / ()*( = + + *+,-+, )*( )+( , +*(, * * (, + +,+- + (,@(+/ + +/* + ( /*+, ) - :/ + ( *+,-+, (# ) / = + - )+ ( ( (/ , ( , -+)( # < - ;+/ ( +K @ +/ ( ! , ) , +/- (# ( + )+, +/ +

+/* (/*+, , ( (= + +/ = + )+ , -( + + (,@ # - / / + +/ +/- (+ +/* +/ = + )+ + + - ( ( ( ) (. E/ +)*+ )+/* # + +

*+/+,)+ +/ - +/*( = + /( ;+ = + )+ (<( + +- *( ( + ( -( *+ (, +K )*+( ) ( + = + + (>+-*( - / ( ) ( + ( /*+, /+, ) ,+*+/) :/.

E/ +> / * ;(# ( ,+;( +/- ( +/*,+ + +,+- + *+,-+, )*( < + + (-,++ , + +- *(/*+# ;+/ , +*+, /( ( , + +/* -, / :@ - +/ = + )+ ,

( ( = ) - :/ + +/ +,+- < (= + +/ = + )+ , + + (,@ <# + #- / / + +/ +/- ( + ( - ( ,+@ )*,( .

28J C( ( (/ + # P +, 1945J. E)* ) ) ,+ + , -+) - ; . T,( -- :/ + S(/* (@ S+/* )

M+ +/ . A,@+/* /( E * , ( Q @, > -(# . 107.

29



N (< = + ; (,# *( < - (/*+) )+ ( - = + ( ( = ) - :/ + (, + ( < + ) +,+- ) +K @+ ( - /- ,,+/- ( + * * < + ( *,( - :/#

+/ - ( = +,( + ) ) ( ( +) (/*+) + = + )+ (<( , - + + (,@ .

E/ )+ + -()(* , ( 29J )+ ( ,+- )( = + + D+,+- + *+,-+, )*( + + )+, /)-, * - / (/*+, , ( ( + (-,++ , *+-(, P(,( /+, + +,+- +

) *+,-+, )*() ( +,+- + (-,++ , *+-(, # + ( )+, /)-, * - /(/*+, , ( ( + ?)*+ , = +# ( *,()-+/ +/- ( + (= ? +,+- (,(

,+;( +-+, / ) ,+ ( @(,(/* ( ,+( * +/+ = + +,+-+, (/ ) ) +/ )+/*+/- (.

D+ @ ( > , ( ) ( ( +,)+ +-,+*( ( + ( + + (,@ < +/- /*,(,)++)*( /)-, *( - / (/*+, , ( ( ( - ,(;+/*( +>+-* ( (# / ,+) *( ( (,( +

( *+,-+, (# * ( ;+ = + (,( +, /+, +,+- ) ,+( +) +) /+-+)(, = ++ +,+- )+ +/- +/*,+ /)-, * - / (/*+, , ( ( + (= + = + )+ /+.

.(. Te&'e&)% de +e5"& de&e'4" " !e&'e&)% de p% "

.(.1. C" 'ep!"L ( ( ( *( ?/ *+,-+, ( + M+ , D+,+- +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# < + @ (

+,+- # ( ( ( *( ?/ - ( < ;(/*+# +) (= + ( +/ ( = + + *+,-+, )*( /( +@( )+, , +*(, + ) +/+) +/ * @ # ) / *+/+, ) ,+ + ) / +,+-

,+>+,+/*+ ( = + ,+*+/ +/ ) * @(/*+). T +/+ , +* @,(, = + +*+,-+, )*( )+( ,+ /*+@,( + ) -,? * - / ) +/+) + (,@( )# < - /

,+>+,+/- ( ( (-,++ , + +- *(/*+.

P(,( ALSINA 30J# ( *+,-+, ( + + , +,+- * +/+ , +* ,+- ( (, +(@ + / -,? * # - / ,+>+,+/- ( ( + + +- *(/*+# /( ;+ ,+( ( ) )

+/+) + (,@( ). L( ,+>+,+/- ( + + ,+) *(,# +/ , +, *?, / +( +K )*+/- ( + / , ; +@ +) +- ( # )+( + ( ) * (- :/ +@( +/ = + /

29J CAS. N 1162 02 !UNIN E P+, (/ # 03 02 2003.

30J A ) /(# H @ 1963J. O . C *. P . 355 356.

30



-,? * )+ +/- +/*,( - / ,+ (- :/ ( *, >,+/*+ ( +*+, /( ) +/+). JP+, # ( + ) + ) , ; +@ )# +K )*+ *,( -( )( + ,+>+,+/- ( = + +) ++ (,@ +)# - + ) ; )* # ( >+- ( + ) ) /)-, - :/ +/ + ,+@ )*, +

( P, + ( *,(* / )+ + / + +) + ( / * > -(- :/ ) > +)+/ -,? * )#+*+, /( ( ,+ (- :/ (,( + (@ .

E/ *( )+/* # +)*( - ()+ + *+,-+, ( +/ /( ( + , +,+- # , ( = + )+,+*+/ + *+/+, / -,? * = + + + )+, (@( - / ,+>+,+/- ( ( +

+ +- *(/*+ - / + , -* + ( ;+/*( + +/ + (,@( . A) *( ?/ )+ (,+- )( +/ ,+ *+,( ( , ) , +/- ( +/ )+ + -()(* , ( ,+) +-* + (@ +

,+ /+,(- /+)P, , ( . E (@ + () ,+ /+,(- /+) < + ) +/+> - ) ) - ( +) +*,( ( ( , * +/+ , , ( ) ,+ - ( = +,( *,( @(- :/ + + +( ,. E(,* - , +, + D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; - - +/* ) - /- +/*( < )+ ) )+ ( (= + - /)* * <+/ -,? * ) ( ,( +)

J () ,+ /+,(- /+)#J ( - +/)(- :/ , * + + )+,; - )#

J () / + / (- /+)#;J +/ @+/+,( # ) +/+> - ) +)*( +- ) , +< = + )+ ( + (/ ( )

*,( ( ( ,+)#;J ) ( ,*+) (@ ) *(/* + S )*+ ( P, ;( + A / )*,(- :/ + F / )

+ P+/) /+) - + S )*+ ( N(- /( + P+/) /+)# < ) /*+,+)+) <@()* ) = + , *( +) - /-+ * ) +,(/ +;+/@(,)+ 31J.

31J CAS NB 752 05 SANTA.

31



7. OPORTUNIDAD

C / (,,+@ ( (,* - 534 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # ( *+,-+, ( + , + (

+ + /*+, /+,)+ +/ - ( = +, +/* (/*+) = + )+ / - + + ,+ (*+ ++/ +) +- ,# + ;+, ( +, , +*(, + +/ + + /*+, /+, ( + (/ (

+ *+,-+, ( + , + ( # ( / - (/ + +/ (>+-*( (<( ) - /; -( (,+ (*+# +, / ( -( # @,(/ + +)*( > , ( ( ) ) +/) :/ + ,+ (*+ <

( - ,,+) / +/*+ +)(>+-*(- :/ + +/.

P(,( P +*, C()*, < F+,, / - *( , H / )*, ( 32J L( + (/ ( +

*+,-+, ( + / J )+ ( + ,+)+/*(, +/*, + * + - /;+/ +/*+ (,( = +)+( * # +)* +)# (/*+) + = + )+ (<( * ,@( ( +)-, * ,( + ;+/*( + )

+/+) + (,@( ) )+ (<( - /) ( ?)*( ( >(; , + ,+ (*(/*+# )+(<( +/*,+@( ( (-,++ , +/ ( -(- :/ (,( (@ . P()( ) +)* )

+/* ) ,+- ) ; ) + *+,-+, ) , (-+, ;( +, ) +,+- ) ,+ )+/+) + (/*+ ( - ,,+) / +/*+ +,)+- - :/ - ; +/( .

E/ )+ + - ; )+ ( ,+- )( = + L( *+,-+, ( + , + ( + +/*+, /+,)+ +/ - ( = +, +/* (/*+) = + )+ / - + + ,+ (*+ + +/#+ +/ +/*+/ +,)+ , / - + ,+ (*+# ( +-* ,( + ( ,+ (- :/ + +/+) (

;+/ +,)+# ( (-* ) + ( ;+/*( < )*+, , ( -(- :/ +/ , + ( (>(; , + ( @ / )* ,# = + )+ , -+/ +/ + ) (-* 33J.

S+ *,(*( + / ,+- ,) + -()(- :/ /*+, +)* , ( -( )( ,+; )*( +/ +

/- ) 3 + (,* - 386 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # ,+ (* ;( ( ( - /*,(;+/- :/+ / , () = + @(,(/* (/ + + , -+) . E)*( +- +/ + ,+- ,,+/*+ = +

) + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( / ( ) ,+)+/*( ( ,,+@ (, +/*+. L ) M(@ )*,( )+ ( C ,*+ S ,+ (# ( ,+) ;+, ( ,+)+/*+ -( )( )+ ( (, /# = + ( *+,-+, (+ , + ( + + /*+, /+,)+ +/ - ( = +, +/* (/*+) = + )+ / - + +

32J H / )*, ( 2010J. O . C *.# . 403.

33J CAS. 181 2002 LAMQA%E$UE# E P+, (/ 30 06 2003.

32



,+ (*+ + +/# + +/ +/*+/ +,)+ , / - + ,+ (*+# ( +-* ,( + (,+ (- :/ + +/+) ( ;+/ +,)+# ( (-* ) + ( ;+/*( < )*+, , ( -(- :/ +/ , + ( ( >(; , + ( @ / )* ,# = + )+ , -+/ +/ +

) (-* . E/ - /)+- +/- (# ( ( +,)+ ,+)+/*( ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, (- / (/*+, , ( ( +)*+ (-* # )+ +/* +/ + = + ?)*( ( ) /*+, +)*(

,* /( +/*+. P , *( ,( :/# ( S( ( +- (,: > / ( + ,+- ,) + -()(- ://*+, +)* , + ,+- ,,+/*+.

I@ ( +/*+# +/ + -() +/ + - ( + +/ )+ +/- +/*,+ ) +* ( + +- - :/ +/,+ (*+J + +/# )+ )+ ( : = + D+ + +/*+/ +,)+ = + ( /*+, ) - :/ + (

*+,-+, ( +K- <+/*+ + / + + +>+-* (,)+ ()*( (/*+) + = + )+ / - + +(-* + ,+ (*+# +)* +)# ()*( (/*+) + = + )+ + +-* ,( + ( ,+ (- :/ +

+/+) < - / - /+) + ,+ (*+# < / ()*( (/*+) + = + )+ ( = + + +/( / + ) )* ,+) 34J. E) +- ,# = + + / - + (-* + ,+ (*+ )+ ( - /

( +-* ,( + ) +/+) < - / - /+) +/ ) = + )+ ;( ( ,+( (, + - *( (-* #, = + ,+) *( +,* /+/*+ (*+(, ( *+,-+, ( ()*( - +/* < / - /)*+, , ( -() - /*,(, / )+, ( (,( ( ,+*+/) :/ + *+,-+, )*(.

34J CAS. NB 1064 2000 P -( ( + 30 + / ; + ,+ + 2000J.

33



8. EFECTOS DE LA TERCERÍA DE PROPIEDAD

T( - )+ ( ;+/ )+ ( ( +/ /+() (/*+, ,+)# ( *+,-+, ( + , + (

- /)* * <+ / , -+) ( *,(;?) + - ( / *+,-+, (> , ( $ + +) * * (, ++,+- + , + ( ) ,+ + +/ + (,@( +/ + +- - :/ +/ *, , -+)

<# = + ) +,+- + , + ( +) / + ( +,+- + (-,++ , + (/ (/*+. E +* - /) )*+ +/ = + + ! + , +/+ ( +)(>+-*(- :/ + +/

= + (> , ( + +,*+/+-+. E/ *( )+/* # , ( )+ ( (,)+ - /(* ,( + (. L(*+,-+, ( +) / , -+) / /( /*+,;+/- :/ + *+,-+, ).

R+) +-* + ) +>+-* ) + ( * = + ( *+ ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( +, + ( # ( / , ( +)*( +-+ ) ) * (- /+)

1. S + *+,-+, )*( (-,+ *( ) +,+- + , + ( - / - +/* - , ;( + >+- ( - +,*(. A * ( ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( # )+

) ) +/ +, + , -+) ) +)* ; +,( +/ ( +*( ( + + +- - :/# ( /= ++)*? - /)+/* ( + +- * , ( ( ( ,+) - :/ = + , +/( ( ;+/*( + )

+/+). E/ ) -() ) = + ) +/+) +)*?/ ) +* ) ( +*+, , # - ,, - :/ +)( (, - :/ = + ) - /)+,;(- :/ ,+) *+ +K-+) ;( +/*+ /+, )(# +, -* + ( ;+/*( = + ( (>+-*( ( ,+) *( + ( *+,-+, (.

2. S + *+,-+, )*( / (-,+ *( ) +,+- + , + ( - / - +/*- , ;( + >+- ( - +,*(# + *+,-+, )*( + + *+/+, (

) ) +/) :/ + ( + ( -( *+ (, + ( + +- - :/ + +/ (>+-*( # )

( @(,(/* ( * ,@( ( +) ) > - +/*+ ( -, *+, + ! + .

P(,( H / )*, (# L( ( ) :/ + ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + , + ( /) ) +/ + ( *,( *(- :/ + - ( +,/ -( *+ (,# ) / + , -+) , /- ( #) + ,+ = + ?)*+ )+ +/- +/*,+ +/ +)* + + +- - :/ > , ( ( < / )+ (<( (

/ - ( ,+ (*+. L( ) ) +/) :/ +,( +/* /-+) ' +/ > , ( ( * * -(. A (,* , + ,+= +, +/* = + (-+ + @( ( + (/ ( (,( = + - ( , +/( +/ ( )+/*+/- ( > , + + / /@ / * +/+ @(, (/*+) + -

34



+/* , -+)( . +)* )+ +K -( ,= + ( *+,-+, ( + / * +/+ , > /( ( , /- ( +; *(, ( ;+/*( > , )( + ) +/+) + *+,-+, )*( < +( ( +/* + ( + ( -( *+ (, / + ( +/*+ *,( ( (# = + / (;( ( (

(- :/ + , -+) , /- ( +/ ,+ (- :/ ( - ( )+ ) - *: < ) ) /(+ ( -( *+ (,.

D+ @ ( > , ( )+ ( ( = +# ( ) ) +/) :/ + ( + ( ( -( *+ (, = + + +*+/+, + *+,-+, )*( +/ -() = + / (-,+ *+ = + ) +/+) ) / + )

, + ( + +-+ / *(/* ( +* + ( *+,-+, (# ) / ) = + * ( (@(,(/* ( = + ,+)*( - / ( > /( ( + ()+@ ,(, + ,+)(,- +/* + ) ( )

= + + ( -( )(, *( ) ) +/) :/. E) +/ ; ,* + +)*( @(,(/* ( = + )+) ) +/ + ( + ( ,+;+/* ;(# ) + ,+ = + )+( ) > - +/*+ (,( - , , (

@(- :/.

A ,+) +-* )+ ,+- )( = + E +, -( , /( + ( -( *+ (, -*( ( +/+ , -+) = + / +) (,*+# + + + , ) ) ) +/) :/ ) / /*+, /+, *+,-+, (#(/+K(/ * * + , + ( ,+@ )*,( .

S () >(-* ,()# @ () < +*() + ;+/*( = + (- ( +/ / (-,+ *(/ + ( @ / ( , + ( ( +@( (# + + + (-- /(/*+ (-+, ;( +, ) +,+- (*,(;?) + ( *+,-+, ( 35J.

S ,+) *(,( > / ( ( ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + , + ( /*+, +)*( , +, +*(, + +/ (>+-*( # + + ( + +-,+*(, + +;(/*( +/* + (

+ ( -( *+ (, ) +)*( < -+)( ( ) ) +/) :/ + , -+) , /- ( # + +/( (,*+ + +- *(/*+ ) - *(, ( (>+-*(- :/ + *, ) +/+) (,( )+@ ,(, , )+@ , - / + + +- - :/ > , ( (.

C() - /*,(, # ) > +)+ +- (,( /> / ( ( ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + , + (

35J EK . NB 464 97# C (,*( S( ( C ; # C ,*+ S +, , + ! )* - (# L+ +) ( N(,; + #

M(, (/+ (# ! , ) , +/- ( A-* ( # T 1# G(-+*( ! , -(# . 502.

35



-+)( + @ ( > , ( ( ) ) +/) :/ + , -+) , /- ( # - /* / / )+ - / (, )+- - :/ + ( + +- - :/ > , ( ( ,+) +-* + ) +/+) = + > +, / +*+ *+,-+, (# ) / +, - + () ,+) /)( ( +) - ; < +/( = + +,+ @(,

, (,*+ + *+,-+, )*(# + (@ + () - *() < - )* ) + , -+) # ( *( <( + ) ( + +- - :/ + ( @(,(/* ( ) - / ( + (/ ( /- ,, : +/ ( ) <

+, - ) (,( + + +- *(/*+.

P(,( S ) )+ + + (@, (, ) +>+-* ) + ( ) @ +/*+ (/+,(

1J E>+-* ) + ( ( ) :/ + ( *+,-+, (. L( ( ) :/ + ( + (/ ( +

*+,-+, ( , -+ ( ) ) +/) :/ + , -+) ) +)* ; +,( +/ ( +*( ( ++ +- - :/# () +)*( +-+ + (,* - 536B + C: @ P, -+)( . E/* ?/ ()++/* /-+) = +# ) + , -+) / +)* ; +,( +/ ( +*( ( + + +- - :/# ( + (/ (

+ *+,-+, ( / , - , ( ) ) +/) :/ + , -+) . I@ ( +/*+# + (,* -598B# /-. 3# + ( L+< + E/ - ( +/* C ; +) ( ( +)*( +-+ - +>+-*

+ ( ( ) :/ + ( *+,-+, (# + *+ ( + ( + ,( + + (,@ # ) * (- :/ = +/ ( ) - /) +,( , / +)*, C: @ P, -+)( C ; # - ( -,++ ) = +

+ +, ( - ,,+@ ,)+# +) ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( /+ +/ + @, ( ;+/*( ++/ <# - /)+- +/*+ +/*+# ( *+/- :/ + /+, - / + - ( + + +- *(/*+

+) +,( ;+, )(* )>+- + (@ + ) (-,++/- (.

2J E>+-* ) + ( +)* (- :/ +/ ( )+/*+/- ( + ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, (. S (+ (/ ( + *+,-+, ( +) +- (,( ( > / ( (# +/* /-+) )+ +;(/*(, + + (,@

< )+- +)*, +-,+*( ) - /*,( ) +/+) + *+,-+, )*(. M /*+, A, -( )+ ( (

= + ) ,*(/*+ + ( )+/*+/- ( = + +- + ( *+,-+, ( +) = + ), / /- ( +/* , /- ( +) + ,+ (* ; ( ( , -+ +/- ( + + (,@ < ( )/ - ) +>+-* ) + ( + +- - :/ +/ - ,) . P(,( +>+-* (, +)+ , / /- ( +/*

+ + )+, /+-+)(, *+/+, = + , / /- (,)+# + :@ -( +/*+ ,+; #) ,+ ( +,*+/+/- ( + +/# +, +)*+ *, , / /- ( +/* / , - ,- )( @( (# , = + +) ) + / , -+) )*+, ,.

36



E/ )+ + - ; )+ ( ,+- )( ( ,+) +-* = + L( S( ( S +, , ( ,+) + *,+; -(, ( )+/*+/- ( ( + ( ( < ,+> , / ( +- (,: > / ( ( ( + (/ ( +*+,-+, ( + , + ( J +/ - /)+- +/- (# ) ) ( ) ) +/) :/ + ,+ (*+ +

/ + + ) * ) J +/ +)+ - /*+K* ( ) ) +/) :/ + ,+ (*+ , +/( ( +/( * ) -( = + +)*+ = + + ) / +>+-* + +> / * ; # <( = + / + )> / ( +/* ) + ( (-- :/ + *+,-+, ( +) + +,+- + , + ( . 36J L()/+@, *() ) / / +)*,().

C <( + ) )+ ( ( ) +>+-* ) + ( *+,-+, ( ) )+ , - , / - (/( + (/ ( )+( ( * (.

A (,* , + ( +K + - :/ + ( * ( ) , )+ ) ) +/ +, + , -+) )+)* ; +,( +/ ( +*( ( + + +- - :/# ( /= + ( ,+) - :/ = + , +/( ( ;+/*(

+ ) +/+) +)*? - /)+/* ( + +- * , ( ( (,* - 536B# , +, ,,(> +C: @ P, -+)( C ; J# +)* +) /( ,+) - :/ ) ,+ ( = + / , -+ ( / /@ /

+ @/(* , ) ,+ ( - ( / +K )*( :,@(/ , ) -- /( ) +, , - +*+/*+ (,( - +)* /(, (.

E/ -() + = + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) +)*?/ ) +* ) ( +*+, , # - ,, - :/ +)( (, - :/ = + ) - /)+,;(- :/ ,+) *+ +K-+) ;( +/*+ /+, )(# + +>+-*+ ( ( ) :/ + ( *+,-+, ( ,+-(+, ) ,+ + , -* + ) ;+/*( < +/ +)(+ ( + /* = + (, - / - /( ( ,+) *( + ( *+,-+, ( (,* -

536B# , +, ,,(> # + C: @ P, -+)( C ; J.

A ,( +/# ) + *+,-+, )*( / ( +@( ( (-,+ *(, + (/+,( >+ (- +/*+ = +) +/+) (>+-*( ) ) / + ) , + ( # + + *+/+, ( ) ) +/) :/ + (

+ ( -( *+ (, + ( + +- - :/ + +/ (>+-*( ) +) = + * ,@( ( ! +/( @(,(/* ( ( - ( +, *+ ,+) ( (, + +,+- + (-,++ , + ;+,

)(* )>+- ) -,? * # +/ ( + ( + = + -( + ( ) ( + = + ( *+,-+, (

36J CAS NB 384 2004 !UNIN E P+, (/ 01 12 2005. . 15107 15108.

37



)+( +- (,( ( /> / ( (J ) + ,+ = +# ( -, *+, + (@ )*,( ,+) *+) > - +/*+ (,* - 536B# )+@ / ,,(> + C: @ P, -+)( C ; J.

P , + # E) /> / ( ( + + + +)(>+-*(- :/ + ) +/+) (*+, ( ++ ( -( *+ (, ) / )+ ( (-,+ *( >+ (- +/*+ +/*+ = + ) +/+)+,*+/+-+/ ( +,) /( )* /*( ( + (/ ( 37J.

C /; +/+ ,+- )(, = + ( ) ) +/) :/ + /( + ( -( *+ (, *( ?/ + +)+, *+/ ( ) / /+-+) ( + / - (, / , -+) + *+,-+, ( , / ) +* = +/ > , ( (,*+ + , -+) # ) + ,+ = + (-,+ *+ ) , + ( - / * *

,+@ )*,( . L( ,+) - :/ = + ) ) +/ ( ( + ( +) ,,+- ,, +# ) / + (,@ #) + , / /- ( +/* + + / +) >(; ,( + (,( + /*+,+)( * (; ( += + ( ( - :/ + /*+, /+, /( *+,-+, ( + (- +, - / ) +)* , ((,* - 533 (,* - 539 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; J.

E/ )+ + - ; # )+ ( )+ ( ( = + E +, -( - / /( + ( -( *+ (, -*( ( +/ , -+) +/ = + / +) (,*+# + + + , ( ) ) +/) :/ ) /

/*+, /+, *+,-+, (# (/+K(/ + * * + , + ( ,+@ )*,( . S+ ,+) + = ++ )++ , +) ,+ *( , +*(, # +/*,() / )+ , + + - /*,(, (/*+ *(

,+) /- :/# - ,,+) / + ( + +- *(/*+ + )*,(, = + + +/ + *+,-+, / ++,*+/+-+ ( +)*+# ) / ( + , 38J.

37J EK . N 2276 95# C (,*( S( ( C ; # L+ +) ( N(,; + # M(, (/+ (# E +- * , ()# T 4#

C - # 1996# . 357 358.38J EK . N 1089 98# S+@ / ( S( ( C ; # L+ +) ( N(,; + # M(, (/+ (# ! , ) , +/- (

A-* ( # T 2# G(-+*( ! , -(# . 511 512.

38



CAPITULO II: CONCEPTOS FUNDAMENTALES DE TERCERÍA DEDERECHO PREFERENTE

39



1. GENERALIDADES

ARIANO DEHO# * ( + +- - :/# +, +/ (,* - (, ( /+,(, (# )+ > / ( +/ /

,+) +)* + , +/ ) )*(/- ( + = + * ) ) +/+) = + /*+@,(/ +(*, / + + , ,+) / +/ , + - +/* + * () ) )

@(- /+).

E)*+ ,+) +)* # ; )* +) + + /@ + ) (-,++ ,+) *+/ , ( / - , (,* ) ) (-,++ ,+) + +/ *+/+, @ ( +,+- ( )+, )(* )>+- ) - / -(,@ (* ) ) +/+) = + /*+@,(/ + (*, / + + ,.

P+, # /(* ,( +/*+# +)*() ,+@ () / ) / ( ) *() ) / = + * +/+/ ) )+K-+ - /+). D+ +- # () - / * ) ) +/+) + + , ,+) / +/

, ) ) () +) (< ( @ / ) = + ) / /+ (,@( +)J# / * ) )(-,++ ,+) * +/+/ ) ) ) +,+- ) ( )+, )(* )>+- ) - / -(,@ ( )

+/+) + + ,# +) (< ( @ / ) = + @ (/ + , , ( >,+/*+ ( )+ ).

RODRÍGUE9 GARC S -+ ) @ +/*+L( ,+ (- :/ + -,? * ) +) + - / /* + ,+@ () = + +*+, /(/ + , +/ < (

> , ( +/ = + + +/ (@(,)+ ) ;+,) ) (-,++ ,+) + / + , .

L( ,+@ ( @+/+,( +) ( @ ( ( + - / - :/ , -( + ) (-,++ ,+) (,(- /- ,, , +/ + (@ - / + , -* + ) +/+) + + , - (/ /

( -(/ (/ ( - , ,)+ /*+@,( +/*+ * ) ) ) -,? * ). L ) (-,++ ,+)# +/ *(-() # )+ (@(/ ( , ,,(*(.

P+, (< - +,*() -( )() + ,+>+,+/- ( = + >(; ,+-+/ +*+, /( ) -,? * )#+/ ; ,* + () - ( +) ( @ / ) (-,++ ,+)# +/ -() + /) ;+/- ( + + ,#) / (@( ) /*+@,( +/*+ +/ ) ) -,? * ) - / ,+>+,+/- ( ( *, ).

40



LINO PALACION (> , ( = + () -( )( +) + ,+>+,+/- ( = + ( * , (/ (

/*+, ) - :/ + +)*( - ()+ + *+,-+, ( - /) )*+/# (/*+ * +/ ) , ; +@ )

+) +- ( +)# +) +- , = + (>+-*+/ +*+, /( ) +/+) + + , <) ) (, ( +/*+# +/ ( , , ( + (@ = + ( +< (- +, + .

41



2. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHOPREFERENTE

L( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + + , +,+- +) (= + ( +/ ( = + +*+,-+, )*( ,+*+/ + *+/+, / -,? * = + + + )+, (@( - / ,+>+,+/- ( ( ++ +- *(/*+# - / , - + ( ;+/*( + +/ + (,@( .

OBANDO BLANCO E) (= + ( = + * +/+ , +* = + + *+,-+, )+ (@((@ + ) -,? * (/*+) = + + + +- *(/*+. L +@ + ,? (*+ )+ + (@ +, +, ( *+,-+, )*(# , *+/+, / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ . L( )- ) :/

@ ,( +/ * ,/ ( +*+, /(, ) + *+,-+, )*( +) * * (, + / + , +,+- +-,? * >,+/*+ ( + +- *(/*+# < - *( # ( * , ( ( )+, (@(

, , *(, ( +/*+ - / + ,+- + ,+ (*+ + +/ @,(;( .

PRIETO;CASTRO C /-+ * ( ( ( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + + , +,+- - ( (-* (- :/ +/ / , -+) + + +- - :/ + / *+,-+, = +

( +@( ) +,+- ( )+, ,+ /*+@,( + -,? * = + )*+/*( - / ,+>+,+/- ( (

(-,++ , + ( + +- - :/ < - / -(,@ ( ) +/+) ,+( ( )

D+ - /> , ( - / ) +)* , + (,* - 533 + -: @ , -+)( - ; # (*+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ )+ +/* +/ + - / + + (/ (,*+ < + + (/ ( #< ) + + > / (,)+ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- +

) +/+) (>+-*( ) - / + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/.

E )+@ / ,,(> + (,* - 100 + -: @ , -+)( - ; *,(*( - /-+,/ +/*+ ( ( /*+,;+/- :/ +/ / , -+) + = +/ ,+*+/ + )+ +,+- / -( +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ,+) +-* + *+/ +/ ( + +- - :/ > , ( (.

C )+ ( ,+- (# ( ,+*+/) :/ + *+,-+, )*( ,+>+,+/*+ +) ( * * -( +/,+ (- :/ ( , -+) = + ( * ;(# , = + / )+ ;+/* ( +/ *, *+ /- +/*() / +/ ; ( + (-- :/.

42



E/ ) /*+) ) ( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +) (= + ( = + * +/+ , > /( (,+- ( (, + (@ ,+>+,+/*+ + /( -,++/- (# /( ;+ ,+( ( ) ) +/+) = +> +, / +* + + ( -( *+ (,.

E)*+ +,+- + ,+>+,+/- ( + + +, ;(, + ( @ /( ) * (- :/ +@( - (+ -(, -*+, +) +- ( = + +*+, /( / -,? * , ; +@ ( +/ - (,(- :/ (*, >,+/*+ ( - +,* ) +/+) + +/ ,+- ( (, - (@ ,+>+,+/- ( ,

+ + # + (-,++ , *+-(, # + ,+/ (, # + , +, + (,@(/*+# +*-.

43



(. NATURALE9A <URIDICA DE LA TERCERIA DE PRELACION DAORIGEN A UN E=PEDIENTE PROCESAL COMPLE<O> EN ELLA SECOMPRENDE EL E<ERCICIO DE DOS ACCIONES.

L() (-- /+) ) / () ) @ +/*+)

A. L( (-- :/ + - , + -,? *Q. L( + ,+>+,+/- ( + (@ .

A () ,+*+/) /+) )+ (/*+(/ +/ ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( < * +/+/ -

+)* /(*(, ) ) +* ) , -+)( +) >+,+/*+. L( , +,( ( + +- *( < ( )+@ / (( + +- *(/*+. L( +)- ) - :/ + +)*+ - + < + (/ ) ) + )+ + +/* ) = + /*+@,(/ +, *( ,+- )(, ) +)+/- ( < +)+/*,( (, )/(* ,( + ( , -(.

1. C( ( /( + () ,+*+/) /+) * +/+ / - /*+/ ;+,)C( + )+,;(, = + -( ( /( + () ,+*+/) /+) = + )+ + -+/ (- ( ()

* +/+/ / +,+- ;+,) # + + - /) +,(, ( - / ( (,( *( +>+-*+) + ,+- )(, ) /(* ,( + ( , -(.L( /*+, ) - :/ + /( *+,-+, ( + ,+ (- :/ ) /+ + + +,- - + )(-- /+) = + * +/+/ - +)* /(*(, ) +* ) () ; ) >+,+/*+)#) * /+( +/*+ >,+/*+ ( ) ) +* ) , -+)( +) = + - (/ ) * (- /+)

, -+)( +) ) / (/*(@:/ -()# ( +/ ) >+,+/*+).

2. S+ *,(*( + /( * *+ ( , -( > / ( +/*( , -+)( .C( + )+,;(, +/ )+@ / @(, = + +/ ( *+,-+, ( ( ,+ (- :/ + * *+ () +/(* ,( + ( > / ( +/*( , -+)( ( /= + ) +> -(- ( / +,+ +K- ) ;( +/*+

+/*, + +)*( , *(.L( (-- :/ = + + *+,-+, )*( , @+ >,+/*+ ( + +- *(/*+ , + -(, -*+, ( +)*(

/*+,;+/- :/. D+ + ( + (/(/ ) ) , /- ( +) (,* - (,+) < + - /)* * <+ +/ - + +)+/- ( + ( *+,-+, ( + + , +,+- .

44



FERNADE9 LOPE9 (,@ +/*( ( >(; , + +)*( *+) )# ( - +/ () ) @ +/*+),( /+)(. S+ *,(*( + /( (-- :/ +)*(* ( , +< , -+)( (,( - , /(

) :/ , -+)( +) +- > -( < +/ / +/* , -+)( +*+, /( .. S+ *,(*( + /( (-- :/ = +# +/ - /) +,(- :/ ( - ,- /)*(/- ()

,( +/*+ , -+)( +)# +)* ) +* ( ( / ,+;+ ( + -( - ( + > , (= + ) / )+ + +,- *( +/*, + +)+ * + # +) (,+-+ - *( ( (-- :/ +*+,-+, ( ( / - (/ = + (,( ( ) * * (, ( (-- :/ @+/?, -(.-. L( * *+ ( = + )+ ) - *( + (/*+ /( *+,-+, ( + + , +,+- )

+ + )+, - /-+ ( , + +)*( + + +- * ,# + (/*+ /( +- (,(- :/ +

; /*( + +)*+# <( = + ( / +/ + ) +)* + = + + + +- *(/*+ + + +- *( ( ) ( ( ;+ = ) +,(/# / , (/ (, )(* )>(-- :/ , ) ) ( + , + *+,-+, )*(

L( *+,-+, ( + ,+ (- :/# - /)* * <+ / + ) -() ) +/ = + ( (-- :/ , -+)(+ +)*,( ( * / ( >,+/*+ ( +,+- ) +* ; (*+, ( # )+ *,(*( + /(

* *+ ( , -( + /(* ,( + ( > / ( +/*( +/*+ , -+)( .L( )+/*+/- ( = + /+ > / ( ( *+,-+, ( *,() ()( + * ,( +/*+ , -+)(

+ , -+) + + +- - :/# *(/ ( ( +- ) :/ + > +, ( + - )( @( ((*+, (

E/ ( *+,-+, ( + ,+ (- :/ +) /+-+)(, +K( /(, +/ * ( - (, )/(* ,( + ( , -(# ) >+,+/*+) + + +/* ) = + - /- ,,+/ +/ + ( < + , , - = + +)* ) +@(/ +/*, + +)*+ , -+) +) +- ( .

(. & /- (- :/ *+,-+, )*( ' + +- *( .

L( ; /- (- :/ = + /+ ( *+,-+, )*( - / + + +- *( +) >+,+/*+ + ( = + /+ ( + +- *(/*+ (/ , @+/ ( /( ,+ (- :/ , - , -+)( - + (# +/

(*+/- :/ ( = + ) (-* (, +/ + , -+) * +/+ /( > / ( +/*(- :/ >+,+/*+(,( -( ( / + + ).

L( (-- :/ = + + *+,-+, )*( + + , +,+- , @+ >,+/*+ ( + +- *( +) +/ ((< , ( + ) -() ) /( (-- :/ +,) /( ()( ( +/ ( +K )*+/- ( + /

-,? * - +,* # = < +K @ +.

45



E/ - /-+ * + FERNANDE LOPE # ( ) - :/ + *+,-+, )*( >,+/*+ ++ , + +- *( / ;(, ( , + +- + ,+- ( (,)+ + -,? * ( *,(;?) + (

*+,-+, ( + + , +,+-

L( ) * (- :/ + - / +/( = + )+ , -+ >,+/*+ ( + +- *( / +) ) + ,+/+-+)(, ( <( = + +)*+ +/ ( @ / ) -() ) <( ; +/+ ( ( +/ ,( :/ + = + +-,? * + *+,-+, )*( )+ > / ( +/*( +/ / * * + +- * ; +/ +)* ) -() ) (

/*+,;+/- :/ + + +- *( *+/ , -(, -*+, + ) - :/ < ) , /+, ()+K-+ - /+) = + )+ ( * , (/ ( * + +- *( .

. & /- (- :/ *+,-+, )*( + +- *(/*+

L( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + ,+ (- :/ - ,+*+/) :/ + + , +,+- +(@ +/ * (,*+ + + +- *(/*+ < +/ +> / * ;( +/+,;(, ( >(- *( , -+)(

= + ( ( +)*+ ( = ,L( (-- :/ = + )+ , @+ >,+/*+ ( + +- *(/*+ +) /( (-- :/ - /)* * * ;( +)*

+)* /( ( ( // ;(, + , +/( +/* , - < ( /> , +- ) ;( +/*+ +/ (, +/(- :/ ,+; ( + ( )*, - :/ + ( ) ( *+/ ( - / ( ;+/*( + )

+/+) + (,@( ).

E/ +)*() *+,-+, () ( )+/*+/- ( +) ) )-+ * + + + +- - :/ * ; , + - ()+ ( (,*(/ + () )+/*+/- () +,( +/*+ +- (,(* ;( - <( -(,(-*+, )* -( ,( -(+/ = + ( ,( +- (,(- :/ (@ *( * + - /*+/ + ( (-- :/.

E + +- *(/*+ - / + + (,@ ( ( = , ( >(- *( , -+)( + (@(,)+ )-,? * - / + , -* + ) +/+) + (,@( ) < () )+, ) / )+ , -+/ /@ /( ( *+,(- :/ ( , +/ / , ( < , /(, + () -( )().

L() )+/*+/- () + *+,-+, ( ; +/+/ , + ( -( (, ( ) * (- :/ , -( +/ = +)+ +/- /*,( ( + + +- *(/*+ < +/+,;(/ ( >(- *( , -+)( = + )+ - /-+ + (+ +- *(/*+ ) /+ ) -,? * ( + *+,-+, )*(.

46



L( *+,-+, ( +) / +-(/ ) + ) - :/ ( ( + +- - :/ , (,*+ + *+,-+, #<( )+( ,= + +)*+ / (-,+ *( *+/+, + +,+- + -,? * ,+>+,+/*+# ( (,*+(-* ;( + +)*+ , -+) +) + *+,-+, )*( ( +,) /( - < +/ * +/+ / +,+-

,+>+,+/*+ + (@ # ( (,*+ () ;( +)* - /> , ( ( , + + / (*+ <+ (/ ( .

48



. OPORTUNIDAD DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHOPREFERENCIA

A>+-*( + +/ - / ( @ /( + ( -( *+ (,# + (-,++ , , ; +@ ( + +/*+, /+, ) + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +/ - ( = +,

+/* ()*( (/*+) = + )+ ,+( ( + (@ ( (-,++ , + (/ (/*+ +/ +, -+) +/ = + )+ *,( ( ( + ( -( *+ (, = + ( @(, ( ( *+,-+, (J. E/ +)+

)+/* )+ , / /- ( ( * ( (,*+ + (,* - 534 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; .

A) +)# - /> , + )+ + + ( ,+- (, + - ,+-+ * +@( # (>+-*( + +/

- / ( @ /( + ( -( *+ (,# + (-,++ , , ; +@ ( + + /*+, /+, )+ (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +/ - ( = +, +/* ()*( (/*+)

= + )+ ,+( -+ + (@ .

S+@ / LINO PALACIO +)*+ * + *+,-+, ( + + /*+, /+,)+ ()*( *(/* ++ (,@(/*+ / (<( ,+- + ,*+ + -,? * ,+- ( # ()( ( (

,* / ( +/- /( ( + *+,-+, *( + + (-+, ;( +, ) ) +,+- ) +/ +

, -+) = + - ,,+) / ( .

L( / , ( +/ + (,* - 534B + CPC ,+@ ( ( ,* / ( +/ = + + ++ (/ (,)+ ( *+,-+, ( + (@ * +/+ / ( -(/-+ ( * +/ *?, / ) +

,* / ( = + ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( . E/ +>+-* # +)*( *+,-+, ( + +/*+, /+,)+ ()*( +) ?) + ,+ (*+ + +/# +, (/*+) + = + )+ ,+( -+ +(@ ( (-,++ , < , + ( *+,-+, ( + (@ +)* ,+>+, ( ( +,+- +

-,? * < / ( ( , + ( + +/.

49



7. RE?UISITOS DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHOPREFERENTE

S+ /> +,+ + ) (,* - ) 533# 534 < 535 + CPC = + ) / ,+= ) * ) + (+ (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+) ) ) @ +/*+)

L( +K )*+/- ( + /( + ( -( *+ (, = + (>+-*+ + +,+- ,+>+,+/- ( +

*+,-+, ( )+, (@( - / + , -* = + )+ *+/@( + ) +/+) ) ,+ = + ,+-(+ (= + (.

$ + )+ /*+, /@( ( + (/ ( ,* /( +/*+.

L ) ,+= ) * ) @+/+,( +) - /*+ ( ) +/ ) (,* - ) 424 < 425 + CPC

$ + )+ (-,+ *+ >+ (- +/*+ +/*+ + +,+- + ,+>+,+/- ( +/ = + )+ > / (

+ *+,-+, *(# <( )+( - / - +/* , ;( , ;( + >+- ( - +,*(.

E >,+- +/* , (,*+ + *+,-+, *( + @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ ( -, *+, + + (,( ,+) / +, , ) ( ) < +, - ) = + ( *+,-+, ( +,(

,, @(,# +/ + -() = + / )+ ( /*()+ ( ( + (/ ( - +/* - , ;( + >+- ( - +,*( = + , + + + +,+- /; -( , + /*+,+)( .

E/ + -() + ( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ LINO PALACIO , ) (,*+) )* +/+ = + *,(* / )+ + /( *+,-+, ( + + , +,+- # + *+,-+, )*( + +

(-,+ *(, , ( >(- +) ( * * (, ( + -,? * = + /; -(# () - (+K )*+/- ( + / , ; +@ +) +- ( /)* * ( ) >(; , + / + (,@

*+/ - / (/*+, , ( . E +/- /( *,(*( )*( (,@+/* / (@,+@( ) @ +/*+

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,+ (- :/ .

50



C( + ( ( , = + -(,+-+ + ,+ +;(/- ( + ,+- / - +/* + / + , +,+-> , ( , + + (,@( # )+( ( >(; , + *+,-+, )*( + + (,@(/*+. N() + ,+- / - +/* + + (,@(/*+ +/ >(; , + *+,-+, )*( = + + +

+;+/* ( +/*+ @(, - /( ,+) /- :/ >(; ,( + ( ?)*+.

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+/* /-+) +)- ( -,? * ,+) +-* + = + )+ / ) (/* - +/ (,+*+/) :/ + +>+-* ; (

C /) @ +/*+ +/*+# ( )* > -(- :/# , + + / * * ( * # + ,+;( +/- ( = + /; -( ).

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- /*+/ +, ) ,+ ( ,+>+,+/- ( + ) ) -,? * ).

51



8. LEGITIMACIÓN @ EFECTOS DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DEDERECHO PREFERENTE

E/ ,( :/ + > / (,)+ ( *+,-+, ( + + , +,+- + ,+ (- :/ +/ + +,+-,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / ( ) ( = + )+ *+/@( +/ + ,+ (*+ + +/+)

(>+-*( ) , ( @ /( + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/# < )+@ / )++) ,+/ + + ) (,* - ) 100 < 533 + CPC# ,+) *( = + ): *+/ ,

L+@ * (- :/ (-* ;( + * * (, + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ < ( +@ * (- :/ () ;(*(/* + + (/ (/*+ - + + (/ ( + , -+) +/ = + )+ ) ) <*,( ( + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/ = + /+ +/ + @, + (@ +

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + *+,-+, )*(.

E/ + (,* - 537 C: @ P, -+)( C ; )+ +)*( +-+ ( * ( ( *+,-+, ( ++,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ?)*( , -+ + ) @ +/*+ +>+-*

(J S ) +/ +, + (@ ( (-,++ , ()*( = + )+ +- ( +/ +> / * ;( ) ,+ (,+>+,+/- (# )( ; = + + *+,-+, )*( * ,@ + @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ -, *+, +

! + (,( ,+) / +, , + -( *( # /*+,+)+)# - )*()# - )* ) < *().J E *+,-+, )*( + + /*+,;+/ , +/ () (-* (- /+) ,+ (- /( () - / + ,+ (*+

+ +/.

EDUARDO PALLARES ()+;+,( = + ( *+,-+, ( + ,+>+,+/- ( , -+ ++>+-* + ) ) +/ +, + (@ + () -(/* ( +) *+/ () , + ,+ (*+ + )

+/+) , *, - /-+ * # +/ + - , /- ( # ()*( = + )+ +- ( (

*+,-+, (.

E (,* - +/- /( ,+@ ( ) +>+-* ) + ( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+#) +/ +,* /+/*+ (-+, () ) @ +/*+) )+,;(- /+)

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+ , -+) , /- ( = + * ;( + / - + , -+) + *+,-+, ( ): ((,* , + +/* , -+)( / + (*( +/*+ (/*+, , ( (@ ( (-,++ ,

52



+ , +, * @ . E) +- ,# / ) ) +/ + + ,+ (*+ - ) ) -+ + - / (*+,-+, ( + , + ( ) / + (@ ( (-,++ , - / + , -* + ?)*+#= + = + (, ,+*+/ .

D+- (,( ( > / ( ( ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# -+)(

( ) ) +/) :/ + (@ ( (-,++ ,# + ) = + + )+, +/*,+@( ( (*+,-+, )*( +/ = + ,+) *( ) > - +/*+ +/*+ (,( ( )(* )>(-- :/ + ) )-,? * + ,+ (/+/*+ )+, ) / )*,( ( , +, + ) / ,( )J

R+- ( ( ( ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + (@ # @ ( +/*+ -+)( (

) ) +/) :/ + (@ ( (-,++ ,# , -+ ?/ )+ ( (-+, +>+-* ; .

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+)*( +-+, ( ,+>+,+/- ( + +,+- + -,? * # () () - )()# +) /(* ,( = + ++/* *+ ,( + ( ) ) +/) :/ ;(, + +/ -( ( -() . E/ ( *+,-+, ( +

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-,? * .E)*( ,+@ ( * +/+ - +K-+ - :/ = + + *+,-+, )*( * ,@ + @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ (

-, *+, + + (,( ,+) / +, , + -( *( # /*+,+)+)# - )*()# - )* ) < *()+ , -+) . S+ )+ ( ( = + +)*( ) - :/ +) ( ) , (# +) ) ( / , ( = )+- , = + - / ( @(,(/* ( + *+,-+, )*( )+ (, , +, - , + ) -,? * # /

)+ * ;+ +/ - +/*( = + +)*+ / , ( ) ) +/ +, + , -+) (,( (-+,)+ - ,+ -,? * ) / ()*( = + ;+/ ( ( (-,++ , < ) )+ +/* +/ + = + ( @(,(/* (+ *+,-+, )*( +; *( ( ) ) +/) :/ + ( + +- - :/# )+ * +/+ /( ) - :/+)-( + ( ( +) )*( +/*+ +) /*+,?) + *+,-+, )*( - /*,(, # +) +- ,#

= + )+ ) ) +/ ( (,( = + / )+ (@ + ( (-,++ ,. E/ * -() # = +/ , (

53



+; *(, ( ) ) +/) :/ +) + + +- *(/*+# ( ,( + (/ ( # * ,@(/ - (@(,(/* (.

L( / , ( (-+ ( ) :/ ( /( @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ ( -, *+, + + # , = + +/* )+, +*+, /( + > , ( )-,+- /( , + @( ,# ( + )# ( /

+)*( +-+,)+ + * + @(,(/* (# +)*( , )+, ,+( +,) /( .

E * ,,(> + +)*+ (,* - +)*( +-+ = + + *+,-+, )*( + + /*+,;+/ , +/() (-* (- /+) ,+ (- /( () - / + ,+ (*+ + +/. L( /*+,;+/- :/ +

*+,-+, )*( + +, )+, +/*+/ ( - ( ,+@ ( ( , (= + ( = + ,+( ( *,

(-,++ , +/ ( + +- - :/ > , ( ( A,*. 726 + CPCJ

L( , ) , +/- ( ( +)*( +- = + + (/*+ ( *+,-+, ( + (@ )+ * *+ (): +,+- ) + -,? * ) +>+-* ; ) < / +,() +K +-*(* ;(). A) # )+ (

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+,+- + -,? * .

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)( ;(@ (, (, ) +,+- ) + , + ( ) ,+ ) +/+) (>+-*( ).

54



E/ ( *+,-+, ( + (@ ,+>+,+/*+ ( ) ) +/) :/ )+ ,+( (, +) ?) + ,+ (*++ +/ +, +; *(/ + (@ ( (-,++ , ()*( = + )+ +- ( ( ,+>+,+/- (

+/ + -,? * .

E)*( ,+@ ( * +/+ - +K-+ - :/ = + + *+,-+, )*( * ,@ + @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ (-, *+, + + (,( ,+) / +, , + -( *( # /*+,?) - )*()# - )* ) < *()

+ , -+) # )+ )+ ( ( = + +)*( ) - :/ +) ( ) , ( +) ) ( / , ( = )+- , = + - / ( @(,(/* ( + *+,-+, )*( )+ (, , +, - , + ) -,? * # /

)+ * ; +/ - +/*( = + +)*+ / , ( ) ) +/ +, + , -+) (,( (-+,)+ - ,+ -,? * ) / ()*( = + ;+/ ( + (-,++ , < ) )+ +/* +/ + = + ( @(,(/* ( +

*+,-+, )*( +; *( ( ) ) +/) :/ + ( + +- - :/# * +/+ /( ) - :/ +)-( + ( (+) )*( +/*+ +) /*+,?) + *+,-+, )*( - /*,(, # +) +- , = + )+ ) ) +/ +

(,( = + / )+ (@ + ( (-,++ ,.

55



. IMPROCEDENCIA DE LA RECON ENCIÓN EN EL PROCESO DETERCERÍA ; CONNI ENCIA @ MALICIA EN LA TERCERIA

.1. I+p&"'ede '$% de l% Re'" #e '$/

P , ) ) - :/ + (,* - 490 + CÓDIGO PROCESAL CI&IL = + ,+ *++/*,+ *, ) ( /- ) 5 + (,* - 486 + ) - +, +@( # +) , -+ +/*+

( ,+- /;+/- :/ +/ + , -+) ( ,+; ( + *+,-+, (.

.2. C" $#e '$% 3 M%l$'$% e l% Te&'e&)%

P + + ) -+ +, = + ( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + ,+ (- :/ )+( * (, - /( > , ( + (*(, + , -+) # >, )*,(/ () +K +-*(* ;() ++ +- *(/*+ , = + + - , (,)+ ( - // ;+/- ( ( - (# + + + + +(-* (, +/ - ( - / -*( - *(.

C /> , + ( = + ,+)-, + + / +,( 538 + CPC# ) )+ , + ( = + +/*,+ +*+,-+, )*( < + + (/ = + ( ) >, ( + ( -( *+ (, +K )*+ - // ;+/- (#)+ / , ( ( ) < ( ) ) ( @( ) ) (, ( +/*+# /( *( / +/ , +5 / (< , + 20 URP# )+ ) / , () ) = + ) (, ( +/*+ / + / -+/

) ( ) < +, - ) -( )( )# )+ +) - / +/(, ( (@ + - )*() < - )* )#( + ) )+ ,+ * , / - () -+,* > -( () + (-* ( ( M / )*+, P - (,(= + + +,- *+ ( (-- :/ +/( - ,,+) / +/*+.

P(,( ENRI?UE FALCON + + )+, = + ( *+,-+, ( )+ )+ - / + +(*(, + , -+) + *+/+, +@ * +/ + + +/ , + *+,-+, )*(#

,+- +, / +/ ,+( ( (,( + + +- *( # >, )*,(/ () +K +-*(* ;() ++ +- *(/*+.

C (/ ,+) *(,+ , ( ( ( - // ;+/- ( + *+,-+, )*( - / + + (,@( # + + , +/(,( ) / ) *, *+ ( ,+ ) :/ + ) (/*+-+ +/*+) ( ( )* - (

56



+/( + / , ( *+,-+, )*(# ) , >+) /( +) = + (<(/ ,+ ,+)+/*( (*, - /( # ( ( )# () )(/- /+) )- /(, () = + - ,,+) / +/.

A) ) , ) /+, ( +*+/- :/ + *+,-+, )*( ()*( + +/* +/ = +- +/-+ ( (-* (, + + + /)*, -- :/...

57



. SUSPENSIÓN DE MEDIDA CAUTELAR SIN TERCERÍA

N ) + ,+ +) /+-+)(, ( ( + -- :/ + /( *+,-+, ( + / (,( *+/+,

+ +;(/*( +/* + / + ,(@ +) - (/ ( , + ( + / + + ()+) :/ + ( - )( + + + + )* > -(,)+ +/ > , ( >+ (- +/*+# ) /

/+-+) ( + ) )*(/- (- :/ + , + (# + + + + ) /+, + / + (*( / - /*,( ( ; /*( + + (,@(/*+.

LINO PALACIO# (-+,-( + +;(/*( +/* + ( + ( -( *+ (, ) / *+,-+, (#+/)+ ( ) @ +/*+

C / (/*+, , ( # ( , ) , +/- ( )+ ( ( +- -(,@ + ( / )* - ( = +,+ ,+)+/*( (# (,( = +/ +)* ; +)+ +/ - / - /+) + (-,+ *(, >+ (- +/*+ +/*+ )+ +,+- + / ) ,+ +/+) + ,(@( ) - +

+,*+/+/- ( + ,+) /* + ,# ( /+-+) ( + /*+, /+, /( ,+*+/) :/ +*+,-+, ( < + , )+@ , ( ) )*(/- (- :/ + * / , -+) . D+ ( = +/ +, ) ) ,+-+ +/*+) - ( +) )+ , / /- (, / +/ + )+/* + = +# +/

*( +) - ,- /)*(/- ()# ,+) *( ( ) + + + + +;(/*( +/* + + ,(@) / , ;+, *+,-+, (. E - ( + ( ,+) ;+,)+ ,+; ( ( +/- ( ++ (,@(/*+ .

OBANDO BLANCO (,* - 539 + CPC +)*( +-+ = + + +, -( , /( + ( -( *+ (, -*( ( +/ , -+) +/ + = + / +) (,*+# + + + , )

) ) +/) :/ ) / /*+, /+, *+,-+, ). A/+K(/ * * + , + ( ,+@ )*,( . E/

- /)+- +/- (# )+ +/- +/*,( ,+)+,;( +)*( ) - * - /*,( () + ()-( *+ (,+) * ,@( () ) ,+ +/+) ) )-+ * +) + ,+@ )*, . L( / , ( , -+)(- *( ( - /*+ ( / +-(/ ) ( - /( (,( +; *(, ) +>+-* ) + ( + (+ +- *( ( ) ,+ + +/ + *+,-+, . EK )*+ / +; +/*+ +,, , + +@ ) ( , (

( (, ) ) +/) :/ + ( + ( -( *+ (, ) / *+,-+, (# , - (/* () ) +/) :/ +) ( @ *+ ,( # ) +/ ) +>+-* + +;(/*( +/* + ( + (-( *+ (, -*( (.

58



L( / -( ;+/*( ( - (,( = + >,+-+ + +;(/*( +/* >,+/*+ ( ( +)(>+-*(- :/ +)= + +/ + , +, -() + ( * = + ,+) + ;+ +) ,,+- ,, +.

D+ - *( *+K* +@( = + ,+@ ( ( :*+) ) + ( + ( -( *+ (, ) / (/*+(,*+,-+, ( +/ -() + (-,+ *(,)+ ( , + ( + +/ (>+-*( - / + ,+) +-* ;* * / -( ,+@ )*,( # )+ + + ( ,+- (, ) @ +/*+

S: , -+ + ( ) ) +/) :/ + + ( -( *+ (, ) / *+,-+, ( *,(* / )+ + (

(>+-*(- :/ + +/+) ,+@ )*,( )# (= + ) +/+) = + / *+/@(/ +)*(-( ( )+, / +* + , -+) + *+,-+, ( + , + ( .

L( +- ) :/ + + ) ) +/ +/ ( + ( -( *+ (, +/ (*+/- :/ ( * *

+ +, -( - / + ( / +) (*+, ( + @/(- :/ / , + + (/ (/*+= + ( +* - /: / , + + (/ ( .

L( ,+) - :/ - ( = + +)+)* ( + + + ) ) +/) :/ + ( + (

-( *+ (, ) / *+,-+, ( / +) +> / * ;( (,( ) /*+,+)+) + +, -( - /

+ (# +) )+ + >(- *( ( > , (, ) ,+*+/) :/ +/ ; ( + (-- :/ ( *,(;?)+ , -+) + *+,-+, ( + , + ( .

L( ,+) - :/ = + ,+-( @( +/ + /- +/*+ ) +) ( + ( + +/ + -() = + )+) /@( + +;(/*( +/* + + (,@ # + - ( )+ /> +,+ = + + ,+- ,) )

)+ + + )+, +;+/* ( +/*+ + - , + + (,@(/*+. E/ + -() = + + + +/+@(,( + + # + /*+,+)( + + + - , ,+-*( +/*+ ( *+,-+, (

+ /

E) ,*(/*+ *+/+, +/ - +/*(# ( + ) )+ ( ( + (,* - 624B + -: @, -+)( - ; # ,+>+, ( ( ,+) /)( ( , (>+-*(- :/ + +/ + *+,-+,

- /> , + ( - (

C (/ )+ (-,+ *+ >+ (- +/*+ +/*+ = + + +/ (>+-*( - / ( + (

+,*+/+-+ ( +,) /( )* /*( + + (/ ( # + + , +/(,( ) +)(>+-*(- :/

59



/ + (*(# /- ) ) ( + ( / )+ +)+ > , ( ( . E +* - /(,*+(@(,( () - )*() < - )* ) + , -+) -( *+ (, +/ (*+/- :/ ( ()

- ,- /)*(/- () +, +, ( - /*,(-( *+ ( ( >(; , + , +*(,

S )+ (-,+ *( ( ( ( >+ + +* - /(,*+# )+ + / , /( *( / (< , +*,+ /*( / ( +) + ,+>+,+/- ( , -+)( # > - / )+ ( / )*+, - (,(

) +>+-* ) + , -+) +/( ( = + +,+ @(,.

A = + - /- +,/+ ( ( +, ( + ( - /*,(-( *+ (# , ( (>+-*(- :/ / + (+ +/+) +,*+/+- +/*+) ( *+,-+, )# + +)* +/ > /- :/ + ) ( ) <

+, - ) +>+-* ;( +/*+ ) >, ) , - /) @ +/*+# = + >,+-+ ( - /*,(-( *+ ( / -( +/*+ +, +, ( >(; , + , +*(, = + ,+) *+ ) > - +/*+ (,(+ (@ + ( / + / (- :/ ( +)*+.

60



CAPITULO III: PROCESO DE TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE

61



1. TERCERÍAS PREFERENTES

C (/ ( @ / + / +)*, ) +,+- ) ( ) (>+-*( - / /( + (

-( *+ (, , /( @(- :/ ( +/(# ,+) +-* + ( - ( / *+/+ ),+) /)( ( ( @ /(# +)* +)# / ) ) + ,+) ) (, ) / > ( ,+)#*+/+ ) ( ) ( + ) - *(, ( +)(>+-*(- :/ + +/ <( )+( + (/*+

/( ) - * + ) ) +/) :/ = + ,+> +, +/ /(, + ) - * ++)(>+-*(- :/J# + - /> , ( - / + (,*. 539 + CPC# > , (/ /(+ (/ ( + *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ + , + ( # (- , + ( () / , () ,+; )*()

+/*,+ ) (,* - ) 533 ( 539 + CPC.

E + +,- - + +)*+ +,+- # +/ , /- # +) +@ * # < )+ + + *(, , /( , *,( ( *+,/(* ;(# ( ) - * + +)(>+-*(- :/ / +) - / - :/ (,( + +,-+, ( (-- :/ + *+,-+, (# - +,,:/+( +/*+ - /- +/ ( @ / ) ! +-+)# >+ +/*+() +- ) /+) -()(* , () +/ +)*+ () +-* +)* / ) +/ / > , ( () 39J.

N , ( ) - /-+ , / ) )*+ ( , - , -+)( / + ( ) *+,-+, )#

( +/ ) ( /( - /*, ;+,) ( - ( # / )+ +) ? () +,,( +/*() +>+-* ;() (,(+,(, ) ) +,+- ) + (>+-*(- /+) ( ;+/+ () + /-: (). G+/+,( +/*+

+)* ) -() ) )+ ,+)+/*(/ - (/ +)* + , + ( , + ( + / +/ ( - /- ,,+/- ( + +K @+/- () -,+ * - () >,+/*+ ( / + , - / 40J.

E/ + , +, ) +)* # + *+,-+, ( +@(, ( ,+>+,+/- ( + +,+- +, + ( ) ,+ / +/ + (,@( ,+) +-* + * * (, = + - /)*( +/ +

39J E/ ( C()(- :/ NB2462 98 L ,+* # + ( S( ( C ; T,(/) * , ( + ( C ,*+ S ,+ (# )++K ,+)( ...J + + + ) ) +/) :/ + ( + ( -( *+ (, ) / /*+, /+, ( *+,-+, ( )+( ( +)(>+-*(- :/ ,+; ( = + ( * , ( + (,* - = / +/* ) *,+ /*( < / +;+ + C: @P, -+)( C ; # +) >(- *(* ;( < / @(* , ( - ,+= ) * + , -+ ( (,(

, ;+, ( *+,-+, ( + , + ( +/ ; ( + (-- :/ ...J.D+ *, ( # *+/+ ) ( C()(- :/NB 464 97# - /> , + ( ( - ( ...J + +, -( - / /( + ( -( *+ (, -*( ( +/

, -+) = + / +) (,*+# + + , ) ) ) +/) :/ ) / /*+, /+, *+,-+, ( .

40J E/ + -() + = + )+ *,(*+ + +>+/ +, + +,+- + , + ( + (>+-*(- /+) , @(- /+) ( +/() , -+ + ) - *(, *(/* ( +)(>+-*(- :/ ,+; )*( +/ + (,*. 539 +

C.P.C. - (/*+(, /( + (/ ( + *+,-+, (. S / + (,@ # +/ + -() = + )+ ,+*+/ (/ (@ ,+>+,+/*+ ): +) , -+ +/*+ , ;+, , -+) + *+,-+, (.

62



, -+) < = + ( ( ;+ +) @( # +) +- ,# / *+/ , , > /( ( = + )++*+, /+ + + , +,+- + , + ( >,+/*+ ( + , * * (,# ) / = + +/

; ,* ( / * * + , + ( + >+- ( - +,*( ,+@ )*,( )+ + ,+- / -( (

-( ( + , +*(, < )+ +)(>+-*+ + +/# +/ + > / / +) (*+, (- /*, ;+,* ( +*+, /(, = ?/ +) + , +*(, # ) + + , + *+,-+, # ) /) + +/*+ (-+, /( ) +,( -( > -(- :/ + * * < * ,@(, + -,+ ( , ) ( (, +/- ( ) - + - / () +K @+/- () > , ( +) + +<. D )- * , + + ,

+,+- + , + ( +) - /*, ;+,) ( + > / # = + + + - (,)+ +/, -+) / + +/ +/*+# () *( ?/ ( = + ( +)- (,+- +/ )

(/*+-+ +/*+) -()(* , ) ...J + + + (,)+ +)*( +- = + / +) +/ +)*+

, -+) +/ = + + + - (,)+ + + , +,+- + , + ( + / +/ +/* @ # , - (/* ( > /( ( + ( *+,-+, ( +) ( +)(>+-*(- :/ + / +/ ,

= +/ (-,+ *+ )+, ) , +*(, ...J 41J.

A /= + R , @ + G(,-?) -+ = + ( *+,-+, ( + / * +/+ / *, ++* ;

(J ,+- / -+, + +,+- + / + *+,-+, )*( ) ,+ ) +/+) + (,@( )

J )+ ( -+ + + (,@ = + +) /( + +,+- + , + ( + +)*+ *+,-+, <-J )+ + +/*,+@ +/ ) +/+) (*+, ( + ( *+,-+, ( - (/ ( - /)+- +/- ( ++ (,@ ( ) , ;( + ( *+/+/- (# ) < @ -+ + + ) 42J.

E +,+- + , + ( + + )+, (-,+ *( - / - ( = +, + + , + (#()*( - / ( ) + +- (,(- :/ + () (,*+)# +)* +/ (, / ( - / + *+/ , +

(,*. 949 + C.C. 43J# - /> , + ( - ( ( ) ( @(- :/ + *,(/)>+, , + +/

- /; +,*+ ( (-,++ , +/ , +*(, # / ,+= +,+ > , ( ( ( @ /(.

41J C()(- :/ NB 1448 98. S( ( 3# C ,*+ S ,+ ( + ! )* - (.

42J RODRÍGUE GARCES# S+,@ . T,(*( + () T+,-+, (). 1967 T I 2 (. E - :/#L , *+- L* (.# C + @. 263.

43J A,*. 949 C.C. L( ) ( @(- :/ + +/( +/(, / / + + +*+, /( (-+ ( (-,++ , , +*(, + ? # )( ; ) ) - :/ +@( >+,+/*+ (-* +/ - /*,(, . L( @(- :/ (

= + (-+ ,+>+,+/- ( ( +< @ (, ( (, / ( - / + (,*. 1352 + ) C: @ # +) +- ,#= + ) - /*,(* ) )+ +,>+-- /(/ , + - /)+/* +/* + () (,*+)# )( ; = + )+ *,(*+

+ ( /+-+) ( + - , - / ( @ /( > , ( ( ( )(/- :/ + / ( .

63



S / ,*(,/ ) , ( ,( - +) + ( -(/-+ + +)*+ ) ) * ; # (,( () - * + +)(>+-*(- :/ , *,(*(,)+ + / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ()*(,(-,+ *(, = + + +,+- + , + ( /; -( ,+;( +-+ ) ,+ + + (>+-*(

- / ( + ( -( *+ (,# +, (,( + -() +/ - /-,+* / )+, ) > - +/*+ ++, - /)+/* +/* # +) /+-+)(, ( - /- ,,+/- ( + >(-* , ( , (* /+ #

+)* +)# + / - +/* - , ;( + >+- ( - +,*( ) * (; (# +/ +-() + ( ) - * + +)(>+-*(- :/ +/*, + ) , -+) # ) / /+-+) (

+ )+, (,*+# + + (-,+ *(,)+ /+-+)(, ( +/*+ + +,+- + , + ( - /* * ,+@ )*,( # + - /*,(, + /; -( +,+- + +, )- * ,)+ +/ /

, -+) + *+,-+, (.

S+ *,(*( +) + + +,- - ,+@ (, + / +,+- # )+ +> +/ + < ,+)-(*( @+/ /( +/*+ , . S /*+* (/ # +/* /-+)# (,( - /)+@ , ( +)(>+-*(- :/

+ / +,+- *+/+ ) ) ( *+,/(* ;()# )+ *( , +)(>+-*(, +/*, +) , -+) ) +/+) + (,@( )# + - /> , ( - / + (,*. 539 +

C.P.C. 44J# (-,+ *(/ + +,+- - / * * ,+@ )*,( # , /*+, /+, /(+ (/ ( + *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ + , + ( 45J.

C <( + ) + ( (- (,( # ( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( / +)* ) +*( ( (- / - :/ + ( +,)+ ,+; ( +/*+ (/*+( ( ,+*+/) :/ ,+; )*( +/ + (,*.539 + C: @ A +* ; # + + ,+)+/*(,)+ ,+-*( +/*+# ) / /+-+) ( +,+- ,, , ( ( *,( - :/. S (, ( +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + , + ( +) +

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ # ): = + +/ +)*+ * -() + +>+-* / +),+- +,(, +)(>+-*(, / +,+- ) / (-+,)+ (@ - / + >, * + (

+ +- - :/ + / +/# +) +- ,# )+ )-( + ,+ (*+ + +/ (,( = + )+ +-(/-+ + +/ > , ( ,+>+,+/*+ ( *+,-+, )*(.

44J A,*. 539 C.P.C.# E +, -( , /( + ( -( *+ (, -*( ( +/ , -+) +/ = + / +)(,*+# + + + , ) ) ) +/) :/ ) / /*+, /+, *+,-+, (# (/+K(/ * * + , + (

,+@ )*,( . D+ + )+ - ,,+ *,() ( ( () (,*+). S )+ ) ) +/ + + + (# (,+) - :/ +) ,,+- ,, +. E/ -() - /*,(, # + /*+,+)( + + /*+, /+, *+,-+, (# +(- +, ( (,* - 533 .

45J A,*. 533 C.P.C. L( *+,-+, ( )+ +/* +/ + - / + + (/ (/*+ < + + (/ ( # < ) + +

> / (,)+ +/ ( , + ( + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) , + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- + *( +) +/+) .

64



L( ,+>+,+/- ( + + +)*(, ()( ( +/ / +,+- /)-, * - / (/*+ (- :/# ) /,*(, ) /(* ,( + (# +/ , ( )+, /( *+-( / + (,@ -

*( ?/ + + (,)+ ( > @ ,( + ( / ( + / +,+- ( ,( 46J#

+)# - /> , + ( / +)*,( C /)* * - :/ P * -( + E)*( ) +,+- )( ,( +) * +/+/ , , ( ) ,+ - ( = +, *,( @(- :/ + + +( ,.

T +)* +, * +/*, + ( +@ * ( < , *(/* + + +,- - ,+@ (, +,+- # () - ( = +,( > +,( ( *+,-+, ( (/*+( ( - /)* * <+ / +,+-+@ * + +,- . S / + (,@ # ) ,@+ / @,(;+ , + ( ( ) - /(, - (/

)* - ( +) /+)-, ) ) )+ ;( +/ + +)*() ( *+,/(* ;() +@( +) (,( , (,

@(- /+)# +) +- ,# (,( +;( , (@ ) >,+/*+ ( ) ) (-,++ ,+).

S / (-,++ , ,+- ,,+ ( P +, ! - ( ) - *(/ * *+ ( , ) -- /( (,(+ +,-+, / - , + /+, (/*+ ) + ,# , +, = + ;( (-+,# ) - +- / () +K @+/- () + +<# +) ) - *(, / + (,@ ) ,+ / +/ / + + +

+ ,# ) /@( ) = + + +- *( / + (,@ +/ > , ( + /)-, - :/# ) ,+/ +/ = + +/ R+@ )*, ) P - ) - /)*( ( / ,+ + @( + +- *( ( (

+ ( / = + ( *,( - )( ) = + )(, + , -+) , /- ( < +) +,(, ++/* (,( , -+ +, ( ( + +- - :/ > , ( ( + (/*+ + ,+ (*+ + +/

+/+) +K )*+ ( ) ( + (-+, +>+-* ; + - , .

P+, # ;(<( ) , ,+)(# +/ - ( = +, +)*( + , -+) # (/*+) + / - ( +,+ (*+# ( (,+-+ / *+,-+, + (/ (/ *+,-+, ( + , + ( # = +/ ( +@( )+, + , +*(, + +/ = + )+ ( (>+-*( - / ( + ( -( *+ (, < (,( +>+-* )

+ , (/ ( (- ( ( /( / *( - / > , () +@( ( () /( E)-, * ,(P -(# +/ ( ) -() ) / + - /)*+ + - /*,(* + - ,(;+/*( +, = + /

( @,( )+, /)-, * + ) +)* +,+- ( = , .

46J E (,* 24# )+@ / ,,(> # + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -( + E)*( ,+;? = + + (@ + (

,+ /+,(- :/ < + ) +/+> - ) ) - ( +) + *,( ( ( , * +/+ , , ( ) ,+ - ( = +, *,( @(- :/ + + +( , . T( ) ) - :/ @ (, ( (, / ( - / + (,*. 23 < 25 + (

D+- (,(- :/ U/ ;+,)( + ) D+,+- ) H (/ )# () - - / + (,*. 7B# /-. (J + P(-*

I/*+,/(- /( + D+,+- ) E- /: - )# S - ( +) < C * ,( +).

65



E) ; = + ) / /)*, +/* ) + >+- ( - +,*(# +/ ( (, +/- (# +, @,(;+ +)= + - / >,+- +/- ( / ) +/- /*,( ) - / - +/* ) (/ > +)*( +/*+>,(@ ( )# < + +- - /)* * <+ (< , @,(;+ ( ) - /) +,( ) = + + /

)+ , ( (, ) / )+ - /*(,( - / ( (,* - (- :/ + ( @ / ) ( )> /- /(, )# - N *(, ) ! +-+) + P( # = + )+ ,+)*(/ (,( +)*()(,* ( () * ,@(/ ) - +/* ) - / () > , ( ( +) ,+= +, ().

C / +) ) /)*, +/* ) >,(@ ( ) + *+,-+, )*( @,( ) , ,+/ +, ( ! + # = +@+/+,( +/*+ ,+> +,+ ( > , ( ( ( / - (/ + ()( *+ ( ,+) :/ + = +)+ *,(*( + /( (,* - (- :/ ;+)* ( + ( - ( < *+ +, ( , -+)( . E ! +

*( , +)(>+-*(, + +/ - / ): / - +/* > , ( # ,+)* / + ;( , ( /+*( + > / ( +/*( # +)* +)# = + + +,+- +)*? / /)-, * +/ R+@ )*, )

P - )# /; -( ( +,+- - / < - / + ( (,*. 949 + C: @ C ; #/ + , , ( ( - /*,(* + - ,(;+/*( +,+- + , + ( J ) ,+ +

+ (,@ /)-, * # , + / - < ) +,> - ( ) )*+/* + = + - - /*,(* +) +>+- ( - +,*( < (/*+, , ( ( + +- - :/ + + (,@ 47J.

E)*+ -, *+, += ; -( # - ;+,+ ) +@ # (*+/*( - /*,( ( )+@ , ( , -(# / /@ /( +,) /( + + *+/+, ( -+,*+ ( + = + ( ,+@ )*,( ( +) ) +,+- ) + (/ ) > - +/*+ @(,(/* (# + ( ( /+-+) ( + *(, , *, )-, *+, ) - () > -(* , ) +/ / +)*, ) )*+ ( , - < - / /( / -( < - (,(>:, ( + , , ( .

L( ( @V+ ( + ( ( +,+- - / -(,+-+ + * ( , -* -( (,( (

) - :/ + +)*+ * + - /> -* )# +/ ;+ + - /)* * , /( ( +- ( (( *+,/(* ;( + ) - :/ + - /*, ;+,) () )+ ( - /;+,* +/ / /)*, +/*@+/+,( , + /-+,* ,+). A @ ) (, - ,,+ - / () *+,-+, () + +,+-

,+>+,+/*+ *+,-+, () ,+>+,+/*+) + (@ . E/ +)*+ -() # ()( ) +/ = + (

47J L( ,+) - :/ -()(* , ( NB 1649 97# ( ,+) +-* ,+ ( () E/ -() + +,+- ) + )* /*(

/(* ,( + (# + + ( -(,)+ () ) ) - /+) + +,+- - /# +)* +) ( ,+>+,+/- ( )++*+, /( ): , ( -+,*+ ( < ( >+- ( +/ = + - /)* * <+, / ) +,+- ) ) / ,+>+,+/- ( (( >+- ( + /)-, - :/ ,+@ )*,( . E P+, (/ # 10 12 1998# @. 2206J.

66



C /)* * - :/ P * -( + E)*( * ,@( ,+>+,+/- ( ( ) +,+- ) ) - ( +) +) *,( ( ( ,+) >,+/*+ ( - ( = +, *,( @(- :/ + + +( ,# ) +* )

-(,+/*+) + ;( ,+) ,+- ,,+/ ( ) > +, ) + *,( ( + (/ (/ (@ +

+/+> - ) ) - ( +)# + ,+ /+,(- /+) - ( = +, *, - /-+ * ( ,( # )*( +/*+ - /*,( + , +*(, + +/ = + ( ) +* + + (,@ +

/- ) +/ -() ) + *+-().

S+ - /)*(*( - / >,+- +/- ( = + /@,+)( ( ( + (/ ( + (/ /- ( *+,-+, )*(+/ )+ + ( ,( # /( ;+ / * > -( ( ( ) +)* + +( ,# ?)*+ - /*+)*( , @+/+,( ( (/ / )+ ( ( ,+*+/) :/# < ) + / - ,,+ () (,*+) *(/ ,

- /- (, , *,(/) @ , +/ ( , +,( ,* / ( = + +) +, *( + , -+) # +> , ( *( = + + *, *+ ,( - (/ ) / ) *,+) +)+)# ( >+,+/- ( +

, -+) + @(- :/ + (, + + +- - :/ + @(,(/* () = + *(, ( +/*,+ / () ( )# < ) () *+,-+, () ) (*(-(/ - (/ +)* / - /- <+/ ) , -+) )/ + )+ ( + (,@( + +/ +) +* + + +- - :/# *+/+ ) = +

( - /(, / ) ( ) ) + *, *+ + , -+) + *+,-+, (.

T / (,@ < (@ *( , *,( /(, (,( + (-,++ , < - / + , ( + , +)@ ++, +, + +/. E) @+/+,( ( ( ( ) - :/ + :,@(/ , ) -- /( +/ )

-() ) + () *+,-+, () + ) *,( ( ( ,+) + * ,@(, + ( ,+>+,+/- ( + (@) / (< , (/ ) ) + ) ( -(/-+) + ( +- ) :/ , ) -- /( + ( )+ +

( ,( < ( ( ) + / (/ ) ) / + ?, * + ) +- ) ( ,+- ( ) +/ ()+/*+/- ( = + ,+- / -+ ) +,+- ) ) - ( +) ) / + ) () +-* ) > , ( +)#)+ ( +@( /- ) ( +K*,+ + (, + ,+>+,+/- ( + (@ ( *,( ( ( ,+)

= + ): ,+)+/*(/ / (-*( + - /- (- :/ +/ ( - ( )+ + ,+- / -+ )+,+- 48J# ) / = + )+ (<( (-,+ *( = + (= ? ( ,+= +, + (@ ( )

+ +( , < +/ ) = + (<( , -+ ( ( + +- - :/ > , ( ( (/*+ ( /+@(* ;(

48J C,+ = + / (< )- ) :/ +/ ( * , = + +/ ( @,(/ (< , ( + ) -() ) / + +, -+) ( ,( *+, /( , /( > , ( +) +- ( + - /- ) :/ + , -+) # )+( ,

*,(/)(-- :/# ( (/( +/* - /- (- :/# +) ( *( +/*+ , ( + = + )+ *,(*( + / , -+)) ( # / + +/ ,+( ( / +K )*+ + ( ) - ( +/ +/*+ + - +/* , (,*+

+ + +( ,# ) / = + )+ +)* (- +/ ( ) + ( +< (,( , (, @(- /+). P+ , ( /# / ): )+ /;+/*( ( +K )*+/- ( + /( @(- :/ +/ +/*+ + (@ # ) / = + )+

/; -( /( ,+ (- :/ ( ,( = + / /-( +K )* :.

67



+ (@ + (,@(/ ) +/+) + + +( ,# = + (,( + -() )+, (/ )) ) = + +)* / ) +/ +* + + +- - :/ +/ )+ + - ; .

T / -( ) < -(,+/*+ + :@ -(. S ) + / :/ = + ( *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*++ (@ ,+ (* ;( ( *,( ( ( ,+) / +) , -+ +/*+ ) / )+ ( ,+= +,,+; ( +/*+ + (@ ( + +( , < (/*+ ( /+@(* ;( + - +/* / )+ (

+ +- *( + (,@ ) ,+ + ) +/ +* + + +- - :/ +/ + , -+) - ; .P , :@ -( + + +/*( # / +) , -+ +/*+ (, + , , ( + (@ ) ,+ / +/ (( @ +/ = + / * +/+ +,+- + (>+-*(- :/ ) ,+ + ) +/.

L( ,+>+,+/- ( + (@ # , + + # +/ + -() + = + ,+) +-* + / )+/ )+ (<(/ - /)* * ) *+-() +)* +/ > /- :/ ( , +/ + ,+ (- :/#

+, ( -(,(-*+, )* -( > / ( +/*( ,( -( +/ = + ( () -(,@() *+-(, ()(>+-*(/ ( ) +/ +* + + +- - :/# ( (,* , + ( ,+- ?/ )+ + +

( (, + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ , +/ ,+>+,+/- ( ) +/ () # +/* /-+) /+K )*+ ,( :/ ; ( (,( = + +/ + -() + () *+,-+, () ,+>+,+/*+) + )

*,( ( ( ,+) )+ +K ( + +)*+ ,+) +)* / ) +/)( + ) = +,+ ) :@ -( <- +,+/- ( +/ ( ( -(- :/ + +,+- +) +- ,# / + + ( (,(,)+ +)*()*+,-+, () ) + *,( ( ( , / ( (>+-*( - / + (,@ +/ > , ( + /)-, - :/ (

) +/.

C(+, +/ @+/+,( (- /+) +) + @, ) +/ (*+, ( , -(# / ()*( /()+/*+/- ( = + ,+- / -( +,+- ) ( ,( +) ( / *,( ( ( , (,( (, +

,+>+,+/- ( >,+/*+ ( ( + +- - :/ + - ( = +, +/# ( ,+>+,+/- ( )+ -( > -( +/> /- :/ ( / +/ < +,+- +*+, /( < / ( (*, / + + +( , +/@+/+,( +/ ( )*,(-* # + ( ( /+-+) ( + = + ,+; ( +/*+ + +,+-

( ,( +- (,( +)*? ()+@ ,( - / /( + ( -( *+ (, ) ,+ + ) +/+ + +( , = + + ; +/+/ + +- *(/ +/ / , -+) +/ )+ + - ; # *(

()+@ ,( +/* + +,+- + *,( ( ( , ; ( +/*+ + + )+, /- ))*+, , ( = + )+ /+# +) , ( /(* ,( + ( + +,+- ( ,+ (- :/ + (

+ )+, + ,+>+,+/*+ > / ( +/*( (,( +*+, /(, ( ,+>+,+/- ( +/ +)* ) -() ).

68



T+ ( ( (,*+ - /)* * <+ + -() + ( ,+>+,+/- ( + ) +,+- ) ( ,( +)) ,+ () *+-() + ( +/*+ - /)* * (). U/ (-,++ , @+/*+ )-(,()+@ ,(, ) -,? * + (/*+ () + ,+) ( *+,/(* ;() = + + ( ( +<# /(

*+-( - /)* * ( ?)*( + +,( *+/+, ( *,(/= ( + -() # ( )+@ , ( += + ) -( *( )+ +/- +/*,( ()+@ ,( .

P+, / ) + ,+ +) () # - / -+ ) ) + / -() / + / (-,++ , *+-(, )+ ( = + ( - / ( *+-( < ( (,+/*+ )+@ , ( +/ ( (/ ) /

( +, ,+- / -?/* + - ( ;+/*( +/ ) ()*(J# * , - (/* + (/ - + ( ( ( (/( ( (,+- : / *+,-+, = + )+, *,( ( ( , + , +*(,

+ +/ = + )+ +)* ,+ (*(/ < = + - *( *+/ ( ,+>+,+/- (. U/ -() )#/ + ( /)+@ , ( , -( ,+ /(.

A / - (/ + + ) ( * , = + ) +,+- ) ( ,( +) + +/ *+/+, ,+>+,+/- (# + :,@(/ , ) -- /( / + + ,+) ;+, - / @+,+ ( +)* )

-() )# ) )+,;( = + +K )*+/ / - ) + ) (- :/ >( )+ ( +/ + +,+-( ,( /; -( +)* +/ ( @(- :/ + /;+)* @(, < +)-(,*(, * ( (.

H( (, + /( *+-( +) ( (, + @(,(/* ( < )+@ , ( # (- , + ( + + ! ++)* +/ ( @(- :/ + ) )*+/+, - / ) (-* (, *( @(,(/* (# ( ,+>+,+/- ( ):)+ ( * , - (/ + +,+- ( ,( )+( / )- * +# + - /*,(, + +

/+,)+ , (/*+/+, ; @+/*+ ( *+-( < (@(, - / + >, * + ( ) ()*( ((-,++ , *+-(, .

T ) +)* ) , + () )+ ,+)+/*(/ - / >,+- +/- (# () *+,-+, () )+ (/

- /;+,* + / +,+- ( / + + + ) :/ + @(- /+) - / + (;( +! + # - / < -() +K-+ - /+).

69



2. DERECHOS REALES @ DERECHOS PERSONALES

S / () = + /( + () ,( /+) (,( ( +K )*+/- ( + () ,+- ) /+) <

( ;( +/- () +/ ) >( ) , ) -- /( +) ,+) +-* ( *+ ( + () *+,-+, (),+>+,+/*+)# +) ( > , ( -: )+ ( - /-+ ( ) +,+- ) ) )*(/* ; ) +/

/ +)*, ) )*+ ( , - # () - ( -, *+, +/-() ( + ( - () > -(- :/ +) +/+).

T ( - () > -(- :/ -( / /*+/* + , +/(, - +,*() -(*+@ , () - ( = +,()+( + -( (*+, ( + +)* # > / ( +/*( +/*+ - / ( > /( ( + (, +

(< , > + < -* -( ( (/+ + *+ (# ) / + (,@ # *( , +/ < > ++/ D+,+- / +) + * )( ( +# /( - () > -(- :/ -+,,( ( / ) +/-() ( /): +/ - /-+ * ) - () ;+-+) +,,( ) ) / = + ()*( +)/(* ,( ( ()

/)* * - /+)# - /; ,* ?/ )+ +/ / , +/ (, *,(, / * + //+-+)(, +/ (, -* -(. S / + (,@ # ;( + ( * , = + () - () > -(- /+) / ) / + *

/+@(* ;()# +, ) + ,+ = + / /@(/ / (* + (, *,(, + ( .

S (/( ( ) / +)*, ) )*+ ( , - - ; (*, / ( +/- /*,( ) = + *( ;+( - () > -(- :/ = + (,-( ( ()+ > / ( +/*( )+( ( = + )* /@ + ( )+,+- ) ,+( +) + ) +,+- ) +,) /( +). E)*+ , +/( +/* = + )+ ; +/+

(,,()*,(/ ( *,(;?) + - () ?-( ()# )+ ( - /;+,* +/ /( +) +- + +* # /( > -- :/ ( +@:, -(# - / ( (, +/- ( + ;( + < * ( # / @ (. E/) + (*+) (,( ( (- :/ + C: @ C ; ; @+/*+ )+ , ) +, / -( )

,*(/*+)# + +, > /( +/*+ )+ ) + -, *+, *,( - /( .

P+, ( = ? ,+( +/*+ + +-+ +)*( - () > -(- :/# * +/+ ) )*+/* *+:, - , -* - W. E/ ,+( ( / +/- /*,( ) /( +K -(- :/ ;( + +,(. P , = ? *(,

, ( (, + ( ( *+-( / +,+- ,+( < ( * / +,) /( # ) ( / )+ * (/*+ * +/+ @(,(/* ( ) +,+- -,+ * - - / /( + ( -( *+ (,

/)-, *(# ) * (- :/ , -( = + +/ - ) -() ) )+ + ,+)*( ,+>+,+/- ( ( /- (/ , + * + < (- , + ( - +,* ) , /- ) , - ) +) / +,+-

,+>+,+/*+. S( + ) = + +/ + D+,+- R (/ )+ ( : + ( (-* / ,+

70



(-- /+) (,( () - )()J < ( (-* / +,) /( (-- /+) (,( () +,) /()J+, *( - () > -(- :/ )+ ,+>+, ( ( ( ) ( + ,+- ,, , ( * - ((- +/ ) + /( *,( (-- :/# () = + )+ +/ /( (/ (-- /+) ,+( +)

(-- /+) +,) /( +)# )+@ / )+( + -() # +, / +/- /*,( ) = + +/ ( @ /+/* )+ (<( * ( +)*( - () > -(- :/ +/ + * + D+,+-

S )*(/* ; .

T( -, *+, - () > -(* , )+ > + @ )(/ +/ -( ( - +, +@ ) (* ; / +; /): +/ / +)*, ( ) ) / +/ ( @,(/ (< , ( + ) C: @ C ; +) = + * +/+

/( /) ,(- :/ )*:, -( , (/(. E/ * ,/ ( +)*( (/+,( + +/*+/ +, +

D+,+- )+ (/ +)-, * // +,( +) - +/*(, )# * / )+ +/ ) @,(/(< , ( ( - +/*(, < +K -(, @+/+,( ( +)# /() ;+-+) ,+> , ?/ )+ ( )

/(* ,( + (# ) / +*+/+,)+ ( )- * , :/ + ,( -( ( ,( :/ + )+, + +)*(- () > -(- :/# ) ,*(/- ( < *,()-+/ +/- ( +/ ( , -* -(. A/*+ +)*( ,+( ( #-( + ,+@ /*(,)+ = ? +) / +,+- ,+( # - +) ) / ) ) ( -(/-+) , - ) +/

( , -* -( < ) ) ) -( ( +) +*+, /(/ , , ( ) ,+ ) + ) +,+- )= ? +) / +,+- +,) /( # + @ ( # -: )+ - /- + ( +)*+ +,+- >,+/*+ (

) +,+- ) ,+( +)# )+@ / / +)*,( / , (* ; ( ; @+/*+.

D + P -( # +> /+ ( +,+- ,+( - / +,+- ) +* ; = + , *+@+ - /-(, -*+, ( ) * + /*+,?) + /( +,) /( ) ,+ /( - )(# * ,@ / + /

+, ,+-* + / + (* ) ,+ + ( < ( ) * + /( +> -(- ( @+/+,( +/,+ (- :/ ( *+,-+, ) 49J. E)*( +> / - :/ - ) -( * +/+ - + - +,* # + /= + + * * (, + + + +,-+, ) ,+ / +,+- ,+( # - +) ( , + ( # +/

, /- +) ,+-* # / + < ()*( - +,* *+ *( ?/ ( ) * # ) / +)*()-( ( +) () = + ( * * (, + +, *+ /+, ( *+,-+, ) ) / ( = +- ) -( +/*+ + (*, * ) )( *(/*+ ( ) ( ( ) *+ ) / + (,@ # +( ) * ) / +) *( +/ - ) () +-* ). C /> , + ( / +)*, ) )*+ ( , - - ; < ( - ( = +, *, # + - /-+ * ( ) * / + ( -(/ ( +/ ) ,+(

49J DÍE PICA O# L ). F / ( +/* ) + D+,+- C ; . E *. T+-/ ) S.A. M( , . 1983. 2 (.

E -. & . I# @. 36.

71



+/) :/ ( * ) ) +,+- ) ,+( +) +K )*+/ +,+- ) ,+( +) *( )# -+ ) >, -* # + ) # ( )+,; ,+# +*-. = + > +,+/ +/ - (/* ( ) - /*+/ #

?)* ) ): * +/+/ / )+ , (,- ( # - ) )* +/+ C + +/*+ + D +@ # /) / ) = + > @ ,() ;(, ( () = + ) ,@+/ < )+ (/ +/ + )+/ + (

, + ( 50J.

P+, # )+, + +,+- + , + ( ,+( +/*+ ( ) * W# - /) +,( ) = +*( - . E) = + (= + = + +) ( ) * / * +/+ *+)# / * +/+,+)*, -- /+)# < + +,+- + , + ( ) +/ +;( - * + +,+- +

)(,# )>, *(,# +,)+@ , < ) /+,# +*-# *( +) +,+- ) (*, * ) )++/- +/*,(/ *( ) , +<# + E)*( )+ ,+)+,;( + +,+- / ): + *(, ) / /- ) + , ;(, + +,+- + , + ( # ) / ()*( ,+ * ,/ ) ( (> @ ,( + ( +K , (- :/ , ,( /+) + )+@ , ( /(- /( /+-+) (

-( 51J.

L ,+- )( / ) +;( ( - /- , = + ) +,+- ) ,+( +) / ) / + *

( ) * )# - ( +/*+/ ( -*, /( - ) -(# / +/ + -( ( )+/* <( -(/-+ + *?, / # - /- ,,+/ - ) (*, * ) ( ) +/* ,/ ( >+,+/- ( +

) +,+- ) +,) /( +)# +, + ) ): ) / -(,(-*+, )* -() = + ) * > -(/- *( +)# () / ) - /; +,*+/ +/ ) +, ,+). L( +/ /(- :/ -

+,+- ) ,+( +) ( ( , + ( # ( ( )+,; ,+# ( ) >, -* # +*-. ( ( () + +/*+ + +@ ) ( ,# +) /( - +)* :/ + ; /*( +@ ) (* ;( < -(- :/#)+ ( ( *( / -, *+, - () > -(* , ) / (< ,+) ,+>+,+/*+) ): ).

50J DIEGO# F+ + C + +/*+ +. I/)* * - /+) + D+,+- C ; E) ( . T. I.# M( , . E * , (

T+-/ ). 3,(. E -.# @. 364.

51J A,*. 70 + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -( + E)*( . E +,+- + , + ( +) /; ( +. EE)*( @(,(/* (. S+ + +,-+ +/ (, / ( - / + +/ - / < +/*, + ) *+) + (

+<. A /( + + + , ;(,)+ + ) , + ( ) / # +K- ) ;( +/*+# , -( )( + )+@ , (/(- /( /+-+) ( -(# +- (,( ( , +<# < ,+; (@ +/ +>+-* ; +

/ + / (- :/ )* ,+- ( ( = + /- <( - +/)(- :/ , + +;+/* ( +, - . H(<(-- :/ (/*+ + P +, ! - ( (,( - /*+)*(, + ;( , + ( , + ( = + + E)*( (<(

)+ ( ( +/ + , -+ +/* +K , (* , .

72



P , ( +> / - :/ < (*, * ) + ) +,+- ) ,+( +)# ( + )# + ( ( ) *+ #= + + ) ; )* / +) + * - +,*(# + +, ,+-* + / + (* () -

( / ( ,+) *(/ )+, ) ) (*, * ) > / ( +/*( +). S +/ () # -:

+K -(, +/* /-+) = + + - /> , ( - / + (,*. 949 + C: @ C ; # - / () ( @(- :/ + *,(/)>+, , + +/ (-+ ( (-,++ , , +*(, + ? # +) +- ,#

()*( = + +K )*( + - /)+/* +/* + () (,*+) +/ ( -+ + ,(- :/ + - /*,(*+ - ,(;+/*( (,( = + + - ,( , )+ - /; +,*( +/ , +*(, + +/# ) /

/+-+) ( + = + +/*,+ +/ )+) :/ / = + /)-, ( ) +,+- +/ R+@ )*, )P - ).

S +/ () # , ( ) ) )*+/+, > / ( +/*( ( +/*+ = + +/ +)*+ -() +K )*+/ +, ,+-* ) ,+ + +/ (*, * > / ( +/*( + ) +,+- ) ,+( +)J

) ( /# + + + - ,( , ( +)() - / - /+) (-+, ) + ) +,+-+ ) - :/ >,+/*+ ( *+,-+, ).

C,+ = + +)*(,+ ) + (- +, +/ = + / +) ) + + +,-+, / +, ,+-*< +K- ) ; ) ,+ () - )() +/*,() / )+ + +, ( ( )+) :/# ( / - * * (,

, +*(, # + +- + , +*(, + / / + +# +/*,() / @ -+ + ()+) :/ / , + +,-+, + (*, * + )(, - *( - /*, - , + ,()

- / +/( +,*( # + ) >, -* ): )+, ) + ) ( )+) :/ + (*( +)+@ * (# - /)+/* (# + - /*,(, *( - )+, /( ,+( ( .

L - , ) < - /*,( -* , +) = + )+@ / / +)*,() / , () /( +,) /( + +- /;+,* ,)+ +/ , +*(, ( + / +/ - / ( ) ( @(- :/ + ;+/ + , +

+/( +/(, +/ ) >(; ,# - / + +, - /)+/* +/* # ) / /+-+) ( + = + )+- ( - / ( @(- :/ + +/*,+@( + +/ = + + +,( ,+@ , (,( +/+)

+ +)# - (/ +/ )J + ( /)-, - :/ + +,+- +/ + ,+@ )*,- ,,+) / +/*+.

T( ;+ +)*( ) - :/ *+:, -( )+( ; (# +, + + ) *+/+, ( - (, ( + = ++)* ) ( -(/-+) ): + +/ (,)+ +/*,+ () (,*+)# / >,+/*+ ( *+,-+, ). L )

+,+- ) ,+( +) @ (/ + - +,*( ,+>+,+/- ( , ) / ( ( ) +,+- )

73



+,) /( +)# *( +) () = + - (/ + (,*. 2022 + C.C. ,+)-, + ) ,+ (/ ( + ) +,+- ) (-+ /( >+,+/- ( +/*,+ +,+- ) +,) /( +) <

,+( +)# + (/ ( +,+- - / ( ) - :/ + ( , , ( +/*,+ +,+- ) +

)* /*( /(* ,( + (# , = + +/ ( -(- :/ + ) (,* - ) 949 < 1321 +C: @ C ; # ( ,+>+,+/- ( + () )*+ ( +,+- ,+( 52J. C / -(,@ ( ,+>+, ,/ )

) ( +*( + +/ + /* - (,* + +)*+ *,( ( # + + ) + (, +)*( +-+) + <( = + *( / ( - />, /*( ( , /- ) ) - ) + D+,+- # ) ,+

( (= + ) = + + +,(/ /+,)+ +/ / ) )*+ ( , - - +,+/*+ < - /+>+-* ) , -* - ) ; ( +).

S+ ( + +- - , ) < - /*,( -* , # +/ / +)*,( / , (* ; ( # = + +/ (, -* -( / +,+- +,) /( - +) + (,,+/ ( +/* )+@ / ( - () > -(- :/+ C: @ C ; J# + + )+, +)* (*, * + / ( J /- ) >,+/*/ +,+- ,+( # ) / ,+ * / ) ( (,*. 1708 + C. C.# = + ,+;? (

@(- :/ + ( = ,+/*+ + ,+) +*(, + - /*,(* + (,,+/ ( +/* /)-, * +/ +,+@ )*, 53J ( /= + +/ +)*+ -() / )+ ,+)+/*(/ , + () (< ,+)#( ,+- ( ) - /*,( -* , + / +)*, ) )*+ (# *+/+ ) ,+ (- /+) , -()

( * ( () - ,+( +) / / +) +/ +)*, -* (,*. 949 C.C.J <# + *, ( #,+ (- /+) , -() +,) /( +) / +). E/ ) (# ( - () > -(- :/ - +/*( (/ * +/+ ) )*+/* *?-/ - < +/ ) )+ - /)* * <+ +/ / /)*, +/* * +/ (

, -* -(. S+ ( /( ) * (- :/ ) (, +/ *,() - () > -(- /+) - +) + -()+ ) +/+)# +/ + +) + / + +)# / + )+ ( ( *( / -, *+,

*( ?/ -+,,( . E ) )*+ ( + / +, ) - ( ) ) *( - +) , -* - / * #)+ ( +@( ( +K*,+ + +/*,(, +/ ( +,*( - /*,( -- :/ - / ( ) (

/(* ,( + ( + ) +/+)# - /*,( * ( :@ -( )+ + +/ /( +/ / + + /

52J A,*. 2022 C.C. P(,( /+, +,+- ) ,+( +) ) ,+ / + +) ( = +/+) *( ?/ * +/+/+,+- ) ,+( +) ) ,+ ) ) )# +) ,+- ) = + + +,+- = + )+ /+ +)*? /)-, *

- / (/*+, , ( ( + (= ? ( = +/ )+ /+.S )+ *,(*( + +,+- ) + >+,+/*+/(* ,( + ( )+ ( -(/ () ) ) - /+) + +,+- - /.

53J A,*. 1708 + C.C. E/ -() + +/( +/(- :/ + +/ (,,+/ ( )+ , -+ +, + ) @ +/*+ 1J ) + (,,+/ ( +/* +)* ; +)+ /)-, * # + ( = ,+/*+ + +, ,+) +*(, + - /*,(* #

= + (/ ) )* * +) + + +/* + ) ( = ) - :/ +/ * ) ) +,+- ) <@(- /+) + (,,+/ ( , ...J .

74



; +J ( / +/ = + * +/+ - -(,(-*+, )* -( ) )*(/- ( ) +/ , +; ( # - +) + -() + /( (+, /(;+. A + ) + ( +,,( ( - /-+ - :/

+ -(, -( , - )( +/*+ ( ( @ / ) +/+) +/*, + / , , = + (*+/*( (

) /(* ,( + (# -( + ,+@ /*(,)+# +) ?) + * # = ? * ( * +/+ +)*(- () > -(- :/# +/ = ? *,()- +/ + +/ () ,+ (- /+) , -() ( (, + +/+)

+ +) + / + +).

C,+ = + ( ) ): *+/ , ( /( * ( -* -( +,( +/*+ *+:, -(J. C /+ *,(*( +/* ( ( ) +,+- ) ,+( +)# + ( ) *+ # + +, ,+-* # ++K- ) ; ( # +*-# ) +,+- ) +,) /( +) )+ - /; +,*+/ +/ / , , + +/ ,

,*(/- (# - ) +)*( - /-+ - :/ ,+) / +,( ( += , = + ) + ,++ + , (, +/ () ,+ (- /+) , -().

EK )*+ (-() ( @ /( )* > -(- :/ (,( (, + *( *,(*( +/* ( ) +,+- )+,) /( +)W# / /@ /( = + - /;+/ ( < = + *,()- +/ ( * ( . S ) + (

/ :/ = + *(/* ) +,+- ) ,+( +) - ) +,) /( +) + +/ *+/+, ) (,+) (*, * ) / ?/* - )J < - / + + ) *,(* , ( +<# ( +/* (

< -(- :/ = + )+ +) ( +/ + C: @ / + + +*+, /(, ) , (- ( + / )) ,+ *, )# (,( +)* -( + ,+- ,, , ( *, ) +-(/ ) ) - / ) > - +/*+ ()+) ,+ + - ( +)-(/)+. N *+/+ ) +) ( +/ , ( = + +)*( - () > -(- :/+,,( ( < ( @ )( ( ( - /*, ( @+/+,(, ( @ / ) + (*+) ) +,> ) +/ +*+ (.

C (,* ) +/( +/*+ ( / :/ + D,. L ) P (,, A.# ,+) +-* (

-, *+, ,+ /(/*+ + ( - () > -(- :/ + ) +/+) 54J# +) + + , (, (

54J PI ARRO ARANGUREN# L ). E D+,+- C ; P+, (/ P+,) +-* ;() < P, + ()

A-* ( +)# 1993# @. 15 16. E +@ ) ( , - ; )*( + > * , / + +, ( ; (, ) (* ) +( ,+( ( = + + / -(/# , / ( # = + +/ () ) - + ( +) +,/() ) +/+)

( ( ) + +) (/ ( = , / ;( , +- /: - - /) +,( +) - ( , )# (, ()#(+, /(;+)# (,-()# (-- /+)# += )# (= /(, ()# +*-J <# , + *, # = + ( ()+ + (),+ (- /+) , -() )+ ()( +/ ) +-(/ ) ) + - ( + ) +,+- )# ) +/ +

) ,*(/*+ + + ) + ) )*+ ( + /)-, - /+) ,+@ )*,( +)# < , *(/* # + -, *+,

> / ( +/*( + - () > -(- :/ + ) +/+) + + )+, ( ,+@ )*,( ( .

75



,+@ )*,( ( # = + ) / ( +/ ( (-* ( ( +) = + / ) ( (< ,+)@(,(/* () + - +,+/- ( < + , +/ :@ - +/ / +)*, ) )*+ (# / * +/+ * (

, -* -( (/*+/+, /( - () > -(- :/ = + /- ) = +( ( - /-+ - :/ - /

+ () - )()# < +) = + ( +< / + + +)*(, + ) + ( ,+( ( ) - ( +,/(#) / ,+) / +, ( + ( < , +/(, ( - +,+/*+ +/*+# () > -- /+) +@( +) ):

+ +/ (,)+ - (/ / = + ( /( ) - :/ ) ; ( +# + +- = + ) //+-+)(, () +/ ( @ / ) -() ) - ( ,+) /- :/ + - / - +/* + ( +<#() - ( ,+) /- :/ + - / - +/* + - /*+/ + () /)-, - /+),+@ )*,( +).

E)*+ -, *+, # + + ( ,+@ )*,( ( # /- ) + +,( ( *(,)+ (,( +)*( +-+, ( , , ( + ) +,+- )# ) +/ + - ) ; ( +# +) @ / / ) +

- /-+ * ) *,( - /( +) = + (/ ) ) +,( ) - / + +;+/ , + ) -( )< (;(/-+) ) - +- /: - ).

76



(. DERECHOS PREFERENTES

A/( ( ,+;+ +/*+ ( *,()-+/ +/- ( + ( - () > -(- :/ + ) +,+- )

,+( +) < +,) /( +) ( ;+,* ) ( -( / ( * ( + *( -, *+, +)*, -* ,() / + (,@ # ( ,+( ( +@( )+ /+ +/ ( , -* -( < *( - () > -(- :/ /): )+ = + ( +/ + * + ( + (@ @ ( ( -* -(# ) / = + *,()- +/ +

(- ( ) /*+,+)+) ) ) + ) )* - ( +)# + () +,) /() = + , +/( ( ( ) +,*+# )+@ / + -() # * +/+/ = + (>, /*(, / +,+- ,+( ( / +,) /(

+/ - /*, ;+,) (.

E/ +)*() - ,- /)*(/- ()# ( / -( ) - :/ = + , @+/+,( +/- /*,( ) +/() +- ) /+) , ) -- /( +) +) ( /; -(- :/ + (,*. 2022 + C.C.# - /> , +

( - ( (,( /+, +,+- ) + )* /*( /(* ,( + (# / +,+- ,+( - / /+,) /( # )+ ( -(/ () ) ) - /+) + +,+- - /. C( + ,+@ /*(,)+

( ,( = ? +) + +,+- - /# = ? /)* * - /+) ) / (,*+ + +,+-- /.

U/( ,+@ /*( > - + ,+) / +, - / - /;+/- +/* # ) ,+ * +/*, +/( - /-+ - :/ + +,+- +,/ -( ( ;+ = + )+ ( -*( /(

,+) - :/ + ! + )+ ( *( ( +/- /(, ( +,+- - / # ) / ) = +,((, / ( -(/-+ + = + +) < - +) ( > / ( ( ,( :/ (,( ) ( -(- :/ -/( - :/ (,( ( ) - :/ + / - /> -* +/ - /-,+* # ) + +/*+ )+ *(/

( *,(/)-, , ( +< < ,+ +* , ) - /+) +)- - ( () = ) +) + () ( ()/ ;+,) *(, () + () +/ ( @ / - +/)( (/*+-+ +/*+ , ) -- /( .

E)*+ *+ (# - *, )# +) *(/ + @, ) = + / +,+- ( (,+/*+ +/*+()+@ ,( , ( ;+/ ,)+ ( ( (/*+ ) ) /-,? ) + )* - ( +#- /> , + ( +)*( ) - :/# + +- *( / + (,@ +/ > , ( + /)-, - :/ ) ,+

/ / + + +; +/*+ +/*+ ,+@ )*,( # (= ? -(+, +,, *( , / +,+-*+-(, /)-, * - / )*+, , ( # , /( *+,-+,( +,) /(# * ,= + +/

+ C: @ C ; )+ ( * : - +,+- ,+( ( ( *+-( < +,) /( (+ (,@ . N /@ / ( -(/-+ - /-+ * ( / ) - /;+/-+ - (,( +)*(, +

77



(- +, - / + +@ ) ( , ,+) +-* + *+/ , + )+@ / ,,(> + (,* -2022 + C.C.# +) +- ,# = + (,( ( ) - :/ + ( / ( +/*,+ +,+- )

+ >+,+/*+ /(* ,( + ( )+ ( -(/ () ) ) - /+) + +,+- - /.

G +, C( (/+ () +> /+ ( D+,+- C / - + D+,+- C ; @+/+,( + / + . T+,, * , ( +/*+ + - /*,( +)* ( , ; /- ( # / - (

-( +) +- ,# + = + )++ ; @+/- ( /(- /( 55J. S +/ () # ) / +,+- )- /+) *(/* ) +,+- ) ,+( +) - ) +,) /( +)# , *(/* # ( *+-(#

( , + ( # + (,,+/ ( +/* # + * # ( * *+ ( , ) -- /( # + + (,@ #+*-. > , (/ (,*+ + +,+- - /# < +/*,+ + ) *+/+ ) +,+- ) ,+( +) <

+,) /( +)# , - /) @ +/*+ / +) ; + -, *+, = + + ( , (- ( ( )+,+- ) ,+( +) ) ,+ ) +,) /( +).

H(< = + (,* , + +- //+@( + = + + - /-+ * +,+- - / +) (@ +,+- ) # < ) / ) ,+ * ) ( ) ) ( -(/-+) - /-+ * ( +) - /- ) +/ = +

)+ *,(*( + /( /)* * - :/ />+ +/ / +)*, ) )*+ ( , - # / - +, :) * * / +>+-* ; / +/ *+ , ( / +/ ( , -* -(. S / + (,@ # +/ )+ +

, ) -- /( )+ (/ -*( - () +- ) /+) /; -(/ ( +,+- - / #*( +) + -() = + - (/ +/*,(/ +/ - /> -* + +,+- + , + ( ( = ,

, + + - +/* + - ,(;+/*( / /)-, * < + +,+- -,+ * -()+@ ,( - / + (,@ /)-, * # ; ( +/*+ ,+) +-* + ) +/# ( /- (/ ( - ,(;+/*( / )+ ( ,+@ )*,( # )+ + ( , , ( ( / +;

, +*(, +/ ; ,* ( +,+- - / - /*+/ +/ + (,*. 949 + C: @C ; # = + +)* ()( +/ ( +> -(- ( + ) (-* ) , - ) - / + +,

- /)+/* +/* 56J. E) +- ,# )+@ / +)*+ -, *+, # ( ) ( @(- :/ +*,(/)>+, , / +/ - /; +,*+ ( (-,++ , +/ , +*(, + ? # +)* +) +,+-

55J CAQANELLAS# G +, . D -- /(, E/- - ? - + D+,+- U) ( . E * , ( H+ ()*(

1998# T. III @. 112.

56J S: - / + (> / + - /)*(*(, - +/*( / ) ,+ * ) ( ( C()(- :/ NB 655 95 L (S +/ +) - +,* = + )+ ,+- / -+ ,+>+,+/- ( (,( + -() + +,+- + , + ( #

( = , - /> , + ( (,* - / ;+- +/* ) - (,+/*( < / +;+ + C: @ C ; # >,+/*+ ( /-,? * = , @,(>(, /)-, * + (/*+ + (,@ # +)*+ ) ,( /( +/* / + + )+,

+ ( -(- :/ ( -() + ( *+-(# ...J.

78



- /# +, / +) +,+- - / + * ()+@ ,( - / + (,@ # + )= + , ( +,)+ /)-, * , +, + + , (, ) ,+ - ( = +, *, +,+-,+ (* ; ( / + + (>+-*( # < = + ) -( +/*+ * +/+ ) )*+/* +/ (

+,)+- - :/ + +/+) + + , = + >(- *( ( (-,++ , + (,*. 1219# /-. 1B#+ *+K* ) )*(/* ; +/- /( 57J.

N + ) +- , ) / = + ,+) *( )+, /( ) - :/ /- /) )*+/*+. S+ (,*+ +/( ()+ += ; -( (# )+ -,++ = + +,+- - / +) ( / , ( ,+@ ( ( +/ +

(,*. 949 + C: @ C ; < = + / +) + , /- ,+- @ +/ + (,* - 201658J + ) - +, / , (* ; . E/ ) > +, ) , ) -- /( +) )+ +)* /

( *(/ ( @ / ) -, *+, ) -(,+/*+) + ) )*+/* *+:, - < ) / ) /* / ( - / (, -* -(# ( / - (/ ,+= +, ) + > -(* , () ,*(/*+)# - / ( ,+( (

/ , (* ;( (-* ( ) + ) *(, , ) - /(, ( ;+,) ( + - /> -* ) +, , ( ,+>+,+/- ( + +,+- ) + ) - +,+/*+ < +> -( #

,+)* / + ) ) -(- ( ( () ,+*+/) /+) *+,-+, )*() ( / .

L( ,+@ )*,( ( + ) +/+) < +/ @+/+,( + ) +,+- ) () +) +

/)-, - :/ +) ( + , ( *+,/(* ;( = + *+/+ ) (,( * ,@(, ,+>+,+/- (. A) #- ( = +, +,) /( = + ( = +,+ ( @ / +,+- + = +/ = + +/ R+@ )*,P - ( (,+-+ - * * (, + ) < , -+ + ( ,+@ )*,(, # *+/ ,

,+>+,+/- ( >,+/*+ ( *+,-+, ) = + (/ ( = , @ ( +) ) (,+) +,+- ) +) * * (, < ,+) +-* + ) +/ , - (/* +)* ) * ) / ,+@ )*,(, /

+ (-* , - - / (/*+, , ( # , @ +/ (,( + -() + , /- , , /

57J A,*. 1219 C.C. E) +>+-* + () @(- /+) ( * , (, ( (-,++ , (,( ) @ +/*+ 1JE +(, () + () +@( +) ( > / + = + + + , + , - ,+ (= + ( = + +)* @( .

58J A,*. 2016 C.C. L( , , ( +/ + * + + ( /)-, - :/ +*+, /( ( ,+>+,+/- ( + )+,+- ) = + * ,@( + ,+@ )*, . E/ (, / ( - / +)*+ , /- ) - +K )*+/

,+) - /+) -()(* , () - ( / +, 689 98# = + )+/*+/- ( L( , , ( +/ + * ++ ( /)-, - :/ +*+, /( ( ,+>+,+/- ( + ) +,+- ) = + * ,@( + ,+@ )*, +/ +>+-* #

+)*+ , /- ,+- @+ ( ,+@ ( @+/+,( , + - ( = +/ +) , +, +/ + * + +) + , +/ + +,+- ...J# , *( ,( :/# ) ( -(- :/ )+ *( ( +)*( +-+, +/ > , ( +* ;( (

, , ( +/ + * + + ( /)-, - :/ < = + ) ) +>+-* ) )+ ,+*, *,(+/ ( ( >+- ( +() +/* + ,+)+/*(- :/ + (-* /)-, + . E P+, (/ 21 + +/+, + 1999J. U,@+ = +

() ,+) - /+) - ( +) +/ @+/+,( )+ ( +,(/ ( +)*+ -, *+, < () )+ @,+ / > , (

+/ ()+ ( , /- ) - /) )*+/*+).

79



*+ ,+ * , / ,+ . E) +- ,# / )+@ / - ,( , + +, )+, - /) +,( + / - , +*(, , ( +, /)-, * ) * * + - ,(;+/*( +/R+@ )*, ) P - )# +/*,() = + + , +, - ,( , )+ *: ( = + (,)+ - /

) - /*,(* +/ / *( +/ E)-, * ,( P -(.

E , +, - ,( , / )+, + , +*(, + +/ ( / - (/ +)* ; +,( +/)+) :/# +)* = + , *,(*(,)+ + / +/ ,+@ )*,( , @+ + , /- + (

- ( ,+@ )*,( < + + ( , , ( >,+/*+ ( ( )+) :/. L( / ( = ++ + ,+@ , (,( ( - ,(;+/*( +) ( -( + ( + ) -(, , /- )*( (,(

- ( = +, *, +,+- # ) / /*+,+)(, ) /(* ,( + ( ,+( +,) /( J.

U/ + (,@ /)-, * ) ,+ / +/ = + +/ + R+@ )*, + P, + ( I/ + +- /)*( ( / ,+ + + ,# ) ,@+ +> -(- ( < +) / + >,+/*+ ( - ( = +, *,

+,+- = + )+ /; = + < = + / - /)*+ +/ + R+@ )*, # +/ +)* ) -() )-(,+-+, + ,*(/- ( ) + * * / /)-, * +) + >+- ( - +,*( < (/*+, , ( (

/)-, - :/ + +,+- = + )+ /+.

R+) *( + ( -(- :/ (,( + -() ) , /- ) + +@ * (- :/# + +/( >+ <+ ,+>+,+/- (# +) - (, # + / ( # + - /*+/ + ( /)-, - :/ )+,+) + - +,* <# + *, ( # ( , , ( +/ + * + + ( /)-, - :/+*+, /( ( ,+>+,+/- ( + ) +,+- ). C / +)*+ / - < - /* / +/*+, /- - /*, , ( ) ( ( )+@ , ( , -( ) ) ! +-+) ( -(,(/ +/

* - /> -* ,+ (* ; ( ( ,+>+,+/- ( + +,+- ). A) # )+ +; *(, ( ( /; *(- :/( ( ( - (# ( ( ( ( >+# ,= + / ,+) *( )+, ) / ( - ( < ( ( >+ (

- / -*( + + , = + )-( ( / *+,-+, (,( ;+/ +, + + +/ = + ( )+* + + (,@ # + (, - /)*(/- ( + >+- ( - +,*( < (/*+, , ( ( + (

-( *+ (,# < @,(, ( +)(>+-*(- :/# /; -(/ ( / ( + +,+- +*+,-+, , )+, ( , + ( / +,+- ,+( < + + (,@ / +,) /( .

L( ) - :/ = + )+ ; +/+ (/ (*+/*( - /*,( ( )+@ , ( , -( (,+@ )*,( ( + + )+, + ,+>+,+/*+ > / ( +/*( - (/ )+ ( + +

/ ( + +,+- ) < () +)-(,*(, ( ( -(- :/ + )+@ / ,,(> +

80



(,*. 2022 + C.C. = + *(/* ) , + () + /-+,* ,+) +)* ) )- *(/ .R+) *( / )- * +# , ( ,(# = + +) ) ; ( + < @(,(/* ( + < - / +- /- ) /( ;+ ) = + + @,( + / ( + () ,+ (- /+)

, -() / + +/ + + ) -(- :/ < +/ /(- :/ +/ / ) )*+ ( / , (* ; #<( - +,+- ) ,+( +) +,) /( +)# ) / , + - /*,(, # + + /(-+, + (

* (- :/ + ( @ / ) +-(/ ) ) = + +/ )+@ , ( < () *+/ + - ((/*+ ) + ).

E ,+@ )*, +) + /)*, +/* + - ( ) +,>+-* # +, *+ ( (@+/+,( ( + - ( (/ ) * (, - / - +/* +/ > , ( ,+-*( + ) (-* )

, - ) < ) * (- :/ + ) +/+) ,+@ )*,( )# + * - ( +) ) +*+/+, -+,*+ ( ,+) +-* + - /*+/ + () ,+ (- /+) , -().

81



-. LA SEGURIDAD <URÍDICA

S ) ) *+)* @ ) + *(/* ) -, *+, ) -+ ) ( @ () + /- +,+/- ()# -

+/ + -() + () *+,-+, () < +,+- ) ,+>+,+/*+)# / /@ / - ( (/ + +- /> (, +/ + , +/( +/* , - < +/ ) +/ () +- ) /+) , ) -- /( +)#+) /+-+)(, +/* /-+) -( (, +)*+ ) , + /+)*( + (/ ,( (.

D+ + ) +/*+/ +, = + + )+, (/ , ) , ( /(* ,( + ( )-(*,(/= ( # > , + ( < -+,* ,+ +/ * ) ) (-* ) = + ,+( (# = +,+ *+/+, )+@ , ( +/ * ,/ ( ) +>+-* ) + ) (-* ) , - ) +/ ) - ( +) )+ ;+

/; -,( # + - /*, <+ / ): ( (, + ( /*+,/(# = + = + ( +/ + */ ; ( # ) / ( /( - /; ;+/- ( ) - ( ) (, :/ -(.

E/ *?, / ) ,+;+) ( +)* )+ + ( ( () ,(- :/ + +/- /*,(, )+@ , ( , -(# /)* * - :/ = + +/ *,() ( ( ,() + ) - /-+ * ( (, ( - +

,+; - / - +/* = + * +/+ + )+, (/ ,+) +-* + () - /)+- +/- () +) ) (-* )# + ) ( -(/-+) < *+) + () / , () , -() = + ) ,+@ (/# +

(/+,( *( = + / , / )+, ( *+,( ) , - ,- /)*(/- () +- ) /,+; )* ) / /* ( ( ) , ( +< +) +- ,# - /> , + ( ) ) ( +* @ (

- < ; -( )+@ , ( ; +/+ + )+- , )# ( +,) /( + + +)*(, +) ,+ - ( (# ) / *+ ,# / >+,+/*+# - /> ( (# + + +)-(,*(, - ( = +,

, +)@ .

L( )+@ , ( , -( +) + ,+) *( + /( ()+ +@( > , + < ,+- )( < + /(

( -(- :/ - +,+/*+ < / > , +# < ): +/- +/*,( ) )*+/* +/ ( - /; ;+/- () - ( # +)* = + + D+,+- +) / +- ) - ( = + /(-+ + () ,+ (- /+)

/*+,) +* ;() < - *( ) ,( :/ + )+, > / ( +/*( +) (, )+@ , ( (,(@,(, /( (- > -( - /; ;+/- (.

E) = + ( - /; ;+/- ( @+/+,( +/ + )+, (/ ( /+-+) ( + )( +, < +)*(, )+@ , -: ( + )+, ) ,+ (- :/ - / ) + )# - +) ) / ) ) ) ( +)

+ (-- :/ < - +) () + ) + ) +/*, + +)= + ( , - ,+; )* # +

82



(/+,( *( = + ,+;+( - / ( ) *( -+,*+ ( ) ( -(/-+) < - /)+- +/- () +-( ( (-* # ) ) < ) < ) ( +/ ). &( + ,+- )(, = +# (,( + -() / / )+)*( ) ,+> , +/ ( ( )+@ , ( , -( +)* * -( / ( = + * ,@( ( +< <

+ ) )*+ ( - / + ) + +- + (*+/ +, / ,+- ( >,+/*+ ( - ( = +, (*, + # +) +- ,# ( (, * *+ ( , ) -- /( ,+) +-* + /( - /*, ;+,) (+) +- > -( / +)*, +/> = + +)* , +/*( ( /( )+@ , ( / -( <

,+; ) ,(# ( (, + *,(/= ( ( (-,++ ,# , + + # ,+) +-* + **+-(, = + * ,@(# = + / *+/@( + +/ , () + ( + ( +>+-* ; (

+ ) - ,(/ ( - / + +/ *+-( +/ -() + /+@(* ;( + (@ , (,*++ + , < , ) (,*+# + + , = + *+/@( ( )+@ , ( + = + (

@(- :/ () ( ( - , +/ ) ) ) *?, / ) (- , ( ) < = + + +/( +/ @(,(/* ( ): ,+) / +, # + )+, + -() # ()*( / + () : -

-(,@(. I@ ( # (= + - ,( , = + - /> ( +/ ) (* ) + +/ ( = , = +( (,+-+/ +/ + ,+@ )*, - / + + +)*(, +K +)* ( ) , ,+)().

E)*( )+@ , ( , ) /( ) +) ;+,)( < - *( ( (# ,+; +/+- ,- /)*(/- () < - ,*( +/* )# @(,(/* (/ -+,*+ (. E)*+ () +-* # = +

(,+-+ - *,()-+/ +/*+ < *+:, - # - /)* * <+ / >(-* , > / ( +/*( (,( /(- /; ;+/- ( ) - ( (- > -( < (, :/ -(# (,( + +)(,, / ): / ; ( ) /- +-* ; + /- ) + /(- /+) +/*+,().

C /)* * <+ , * +)* /( /+-+) ( (/*(, +-(/ ) ) +@( +) ; ( +)#- / ) > - +/*+ ) )*+/* , - < - ,,+) / +/- ( - / ( ,+( ( # - /+>+-* ; ( +/ ( , -* -(# ): () ,+ ) - /)*, , / +,+-

- +*( +/*+ * < +> -( # ( )+,; - + () /+-+) ( +) (/().

83



. PUNTOS IMPORTANTES DEL PROCEDIMIENTO DE TERCERIA PORDERECHO PREFERENTE

.1. P&"'ede '$%L( T+,-+, ( + D+,+- P,+>+,+/*+ )+ *,( *( +/ , -+) ( ,+; ( .

.2. C"+pe!e '$%S / - +*+/*+) (,( - / -+, ) , -+) ) ( ,+; ( ) ) ! +-+) C ; +)# )

+ P( L+*,( )# )( ; +/ (= + ) -() ) +/ = + ( +< (*, <+ )

- / - +/* ( *, ) :,@(/ ) , ) -- /( +). L ) ! @( ) + P( L+*,( )) / - +*+/*+) - (/ ( - (/* ( + ( ,+*+/) :/ +) (< , + - +/ < ()*(= / +/*() U/ ( +) + R+>+,+/- ( P, -+)( - (/ ) +,+ +)*+ /* # )! +-+) C ; +).

.(. Pl% "sL ) ( ) K ) ( -( +) ( +)*+ , -+) ) /

1. T,+) () (,( /*+, /+, *(- () ) - /+) ( ) + ) , (* , )#- /*( ) +) + ( / * > -(- :/ + () ,+) - /+) = + ) * +/+/ ,

>,+- ).2. T,+) () (,( ( ) ;+, () *(- () ) - /+).3. C /- () (,( /*+, /+, +K-+ - /+) +>+/)() ,+; ()# - /*( ) +) +

( / * > -(- :/ + ( + (/ ( + ( ,+- /;+/- :/.4. C /- () (,( ( ) ;+, + *,() ( + () +K-+ - /+) +>+/)() ,+; ().

5. D + () (,( - /*+)*(, ( + (/ ( < ,+- /;+/ ,.6. C /- () (,( >,+-+, + ) , (* , ) ) +/ ( - /*+)*(- :/ )+ /; -(/

+- ) / +K +)* ) +/ ( + (/ ( +/ ( ,+- /;+/- :/# - /> , + ( 440.7. D + () (,( ( ) ;+, + *,() ( + ( ,+- /;+/- :/.8. D + () (,( ( +K + - :/ + ( * + )(/+( +/* - /*( ) +) + +

;+/- +/* + ( (,( - /*+)*(, ( + (/ ( ,+- /;+/ ,.9. &+ /*+ () (,( ( ,+( (- :/ + ( ( +/- ( + , + ()# - /> , + (

)+@ / ,,(> + 471.

84



. . I %d+$s$0$l$d%dL( + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( / )+, ( * ( ) / ,+ /+ ) ,+= ) * ) + 424 <#( + )# ) + + (/ (/*+ / , + ( ) +,+- - / - +/* -

, ;( + >+- ( - +,*(# +/ ) +>+-* # ) / ( @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ ( -, *+, +! + (,( ,+) / +, , ) ( ) < +, - ) = + ( *+,-+, ( +,( ,, @(,.

. . E,e'!"s De L% Te&'e&)% De De&e'4" P&e,e&e !e A * ( ( *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# )+ ) ) +/ + + (@ ( (-,++ ,

()*( = + )+ +- ( +/ +> / * ;( ) ,+ ( ,+>+,+/- (# )( ; = + + *+,-+, )*(* ,@ + @(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ ( -, *+, + ! + (,( ,+) / +, , + -( *( #

/*+,+)+)# - )*()# - )* ) < *().E *+,-+, )*( + + /*+,;+/ , +/ () (-* (- /+) ,+ (- /( () - / + ,+ (*+ +

+/.

.1 . C" $#e '$% 3 M%l$'$%S )+ , + ( ( - // ;+/- ( +/*,+ *+,-+, )*( < + (/ ( # )+ / , (( ) < ( ) ) A @( )# ) (, ( +/*+# /( *( / +/ , + - /- /

(< , + ;+ /*+ U/ ( +) + R+>+,+/- ( P, -+)( # ) ( / + / (- :/ +( ) < +, - )# - )* ) < - )*().

A + )# + ! + ,+ * , ( M / )*+, P - - ( -+,* > -( ( + ) (-* ( )+,* /+/*+)# (,( + + +,- - + ( (-- :/ +/( - ,,+) / +/*+.

L( ) () )(/- /+) )+ + / , ( = +/ (<( ) - *( < + +- *(( - )( +/*+ /( + ( -( *+ (,.

86



7. MODELO GENERICO DE DEMANDA DE TERCERIA DE DERECHOPREFERENTE

Espe'$%l$s!%: ....................E ped$e !e: ....................Cu%de& ": PRINCIPAL.Es'&$!": N&". 1.INTERPONE DEMANDA DETERCERÍA DE DERECHOPREFERENTE

AL <U9GADO CI IL DE .................

# +/* > -( - / D.N.I. N, . # - / ,+-- :/- (, ( +/ .# )+ ( (/ - , -+)( +/

(*+/*( +/*+# @

I. IA PROCEDIMENTAL 3 PETITORIO:$ +# +/ IA DE PROCESO ABRE IADO# /*+, /@ + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( +

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+ - /*,( ..# - / - +/ .# < - /*,(# - ( +/ # ( > / + = + )+ ,+- / -(

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- = + )+ *+/@( + ) @ +/*++/ ..# +/ (>+-*( - / + ( (,( > * ,(

+ +- - :/ > , ( ( +/ + , -+) = + ) ,+ . +) )+@ +/*,+ ()+,) /() / -( () /+() (,, ( , (/*+ + .. ! @( C ; + .#

+K + +/*+ N, . # E) +- ( )*( ..........

II. FUNDAMENTOS DE HECHO:1. $ +# + - + (/ ( # S,. # + (/ : +/ ; ( + +- * ;( (

*, - + (/ ( # S,. # + - +/* + /( @(- :/ + (, ) ( + /+, # (>+-* / )+ + ) @ +/*+ +/ + , + ( + +)*+ *

..# - / ( + ( + .............. (,( > * ,( + +- - :/ > , ( (J

87



, +/( ( +/ + C ( +,/ -( *+ (, + - , -+) # )+@ (/*+ + ..! @( C ; + .# +K + +/*+ N, . ..# E) +- ( )*( ............2. $ +# + +/ +)-, * /+() (,, ( ( ) - /)* * +/ *+-( +/ >(; ,

+ + (/ (/*+# )+@ / - /)*( +/ + - +/* ,+) +-* ; # + >+- ( #+ ( +/*+ /)-, * +/ ) R+@ )*, ) P - ). L( ,+>+, ( @(,(/* (

*+-(, (# - )+( + () # ( ) * ,@( ( + /)-, *( +/ >+- ( (/*+, , (( ) - * -( *+ (, ( ( +/ + /* ,+-+ +/*+ < + - /> +,+# +/ ,+ (- :/ (

+/ @,(;( # / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( + ) + ) (-,++ ,+) + + ,.3. $ +# + ( + +) = + /*+, /@ ( ,+)+/*+ + (/ ( + *+,-+, ( +

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( > / + = + )+ ,+- / -( +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+,

(@( - / + ,+- = + )+ *+/@( + ,+ (*+ + +/ +/ - +)* :/# = + > +,((>+-*( - / + ( -( *+ (, +/ + , -+) ( = + )+ ,+>+,+/- ( +/ +

/* 1 + ) ,+)+/*+) > / ( +/* ) + +- .

I . FUNDAMENTACION <URIDICA:S )*+/* +* * , +/ ,+; )* +/ () ) @ +/*+) / , () +@( +) A,* - 1055 + C: @ C ; # - /> , + ( - ( . - *(, + *+K* +

,+-+ * +@( = + - ,,+) / (# )+@ / )+ ()+ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +/ /(@(,(/* ( *+-(, (J. A,* - 100 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # / +,( + = + )+ +) ,+/ + (J = +

+ + /*+,;+/ , +/ / , -+) = +/ ,+*+/ ( )+ + ,+- / -( +,+-,+>+,+/*+ ,+) +-* + *+/ +/ ( + +- - :/ > , ( ( < J = + ( ( (/*+,;+/- :/ )+ *,( *( + (- +, ( ) +)* +/ + S C( * 5XT+,-+, (XJ + C( * II XD ) ) - /+) +) +- ( +)XJ + T * II XP,

( ,+; ( XJ + ( S+-- :/ $ /*( XP, -+) ) C /*+/- ) )XJ + C: @P, -+)( C ; . A,* - 486 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # +/ - < /- ) 5J )+ +)*( +-+ = + (*+,-+, ( )+ *,( *( +/ , -+) ( ,+; ( . A,* - 533 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # = + ,+)-, + = + ( *+,-+, ( )++/* +/ + - / + + (/ (/*+ < + + (/ ( # < = + + + > / (,)+ +/ +

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( - / + ,+- + ) +/+) (>+-*( ) , + ( -( *+ (, (,( ( + +- - :/.

88



A,* - 537 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # + - ( )+ ( ( (J = + ( * ( (*+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# )+ ) ) +/ + + (@ ( (-,++ , ()*( = + )+

+- ( +/ +> / * ;( ) ,+ ( ,+>+,+/- (# )( ; = + + *+,-+, )*( * ,@ +

@(,(/* ( ) > - +/*+ ( -, *+, + ! + (,( ,+) / +, , + -( *( # /*+,+)+)#- )*()# - )* ) < *() < J = + + *+,-+, )*( + + /*+,;+/ , +/ ()(-* (- /+) ,+ (- /( () - / + ,+ (*+ + +/.

. MEDIOS PROBATORIOS:O>,+ - + ?, * + ) ) @ +/*+) + ) , (* , )1. / -(, + - +/* - , ;( + >+- ( - +, ( + = + )+ *,(*+J

- +/* - / + = + )+ + +)*,( = +# ,+) +-* + +/ / -( +/ +/* 1 + ) > / ( +/* ) + +- + ( ,+)+/*+ + (/ (# )+ (

- /)* * ,+/ ( *+-(J +/ >(; , + + (J + (/ (/*+# + ) = +# ()+, / - +/* - , ;( + >+- ( - +,*(J# - /)* * <+ , + (>+ (- +/*+ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ < > / ( ( ,+)+/*+ + (/ ( + *+,-+, (

, )+, (/*+, , ( +/* +/ = + )+ , ( (>+-*(- :/ + ,+>+, +/.2. C+,* > -( + @,(;( +/# + >+- ( ..# +K + , ( O> - /( R+@ )*,(

+ - / + = + )+ (-,+ *( = + ( *+-( - /)* * ( ) ,+ + +/( +/ + /* 1 + ) > / ( +/* ) + +- + ( + (/ ( ( )

+ ( +/*+ /)-, *( +/ ) R+@ )*, ) P - ).3. C () -+,* > -( () + ( ) - * + + ( -( *+ (, < ) ) (/+K )# +>+- ( .# (/*+( ( +/ + C ( +,/ -( *+ (, + , -+) = + ) ,+

@(- :/ + (, ) ( + /+, +) )+@ (/*+ + ! @( C ; + ..#+K + +/*+ N, . .# E) +- ( )*( . - / () = + )+ (-,+ *( = + )+

( +* - /( /( + ( -( *+ (, +/ > , ( + . S ,+ + +/+)-, * +/ + /* 1 + ) > / ( +/* ) + +- + ( + (/ ( < ,+) +-*+ - ( )+ ( - /)* * @(,(/* ( ,+/ (, ( *+-(, (J +/ >(; , + + (J+ (/ (/*+.

4. C ( -+,* > -( ( + ( ,+) - :/# + >+- (# = + ( *+ ( + ( -( *+ (, ( = + )+ (-+ ,+>+,+/- ( +/ + /* (/*+, , - / ( = + )+ + +)*,(

,+- )( +/*+ = + + ...... ! @( C ; + . ( ( * *( + (

89



,+-( * , ( ) ,+ / +/ @,(;( - / @(,(/* ( *+-(, ( +/ >(; , ++ (/ (/*+.

5. C ( -+,* > -( ( + (-*( + + +- - :/ + ( + ( + / -(, ( - ()+ +

+ ( -( *+ (, + = + )+ *,(*+J ( ( ,+-+ +/*+ +/*+ - / ( = + )+, + ( = + ( ) + +- *( ( - ( + ( - /*,( / +/ @,(;( - /

@(,(/* ( ,+/ (, ( *+-(, (J +/ >(; , + + (J + (/ (/*+.

POR TANTO: A ! @( # ) - * )+ ) ,;( *+/+, , /*+, +)*( ( ,+)+/*+ + (/ ( < (, ++ *, *+ = + ( ) /(* ,( + ( - ,,+) / +# - /> , + ( +,+- < +

(- +, ( +<.

PRIMER OTROSI DIGO: $ +# + - /> , ( - / +)*( +- +/ + , +, ,,(> + (,* - 537 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # ) - * ( ! @( )+ ) ,;(

> - (, ( .. ! @( C ; + ..# ( > / + = + * + - / - +/* +,+)+/*+ , -+) + *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ < , -+ ( ( ) ) +/ +, +(@ ( (-,++ , ()*( = + )+ +- ( +/ +> / * ;( ) ,+ ( ,+>+,+/- (.

SEGUNDO OTROSI DIGO: $ +# + +@ () >(- *( +) @+/+,( +) +,+ ,+)+/*(- :/# ( = + )+ ,+> +,+ + (,* - 80 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # ( A @( = + ( * , ( ( ,+)+/*+ + (/ (# - / R+@. ..# < +- (, +)*(,

/)*, (-+,-( + ) ) ( -(/-+). E/ - (/* ( - + ,+ ,+)+/*( #,+= ) * (,( ( ,+ ,+)+/*(- :/ - ( , ( @( # )+ ( = + )+ +/- +/*,(

/ -( +/ ( (,*+ /*, -* , ( + ( ,+)+/*+ + (/ (.TERCER OTROSI DIGO: $ +# (- ( ) ) @ +/*+) (/+K )

1.A T()( - ( , - /-+ * + >,+- +/* + , + ().1.Q F * - ( + D.N.I. + + (J + (/ (/*+.1.C / -(, + - +/* + = + )+ *,(*+# = + (-,+ *+ ( - /)* * - :/ +@(,(/* ( ,+/ (, ( *+-(, ( )+@ / + -() +/ >(; , + ( (,*+

+ (/ (/*+ < ,+) +-* + / +/ (>+-*( - / + ( -( *+ (,J.1.D C+,* > -( + @,(;( +/# + >+- ( # +K + , ( O> - /( R+@ )*,(

+ ........................

90



1.E C () -+,* > -( () + ( ) - * + + ( -( *+ (, < ) ) (/+K )# +>+- ( ..# (/*+( ( +/ + C ( +,/ -( *+ (, + , -+) = + ) ,+

@(- :/ + (, ) ( + /+, +) )+@ (/*+ + ! @( C ; +

.# +K + +/*+ N, . ..# E) +- ( )*( .......1.F C ( -+,* > -( ( + ( ,+) - :/# + >+- ( .# = + ( *+ ( + (-( *+ (, ( = + )+ (-+ ,+>+,+/- ( +/ + /* (/*+, ,.1.G C ( -+,* > -( ( + (-*( + + +- - :/ + ( + ( -( *+ (, ( (

,+-+ +/*+ +/*+# + >+- ( ...........

C$ud%d> ........................

Sell" 3 ,$&+% del A0" %d" F$&+% del de+% d% !e

91



8. <URISPRUDENCIA DE TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE

8.1. <URISPRUDENCIA 1

PREFERENCIA DE LOS CR DITOS LABORALES SOBRE LASACREENCIAS DE OTRA NATURALE9A.

S+@ / +K +)* # (*+/ +/ ( ( ) ,+ (- ( - /)* * - /( + , /- +, , ( +/ + (@ + ,+ /+,(- /+) < +/+> - ) ) - ( +) ,+- @ +/ +

)+@ / ,,(> + (,* - 24 + / +)*,( C(,*( M(@/(# ,+) *( ( -( + ( )

( * )# +/- /*, / )+ ) +/+) + + , (>+-* ) ( (@ + /*+@, + )-,? * ) ( ,( +)# ( + ( ) /- ) ) ,+ ) +,+- ) + @(,(/* ( = + * +/++ + (/ (/*+. D+ (/+,( = +# - /> , + ( +K +)* # ( ,+- ,,+/*+ * +/+

, , ( +/ + (@ + ) (-,++/- ( ( ,( ) / +, - + = + )+ (/ -( +/ + - /) +,(/ )+K* + +)*( )+/*+/- (# = + > /( +/*+

- /)* * <+ / +-(/ ) + - /*, ( > / + = + +,+ + , /- +,( ( ( /*+, , + , -+)

CAS. N (2( 2 2 LAMBA@E?UE

L (# ;+ /* *,?) + / + ) - (*, .

L( SALA CI&IL PERMANENTE DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE !USTICIA DE LAREPYQLICA# - / + (- ( ( # ; )*( ( -( )( + ( + ( >+- ( <

, - ( ( ; *(- :/ - ,,+) / +/*+ - / (,,+@ + L+<# + *+ () @ +/*+ )+/*+/- ( 1. MATERIA DEL RECURSO E) (*+, ( +

,+)+/*+ ,+- ,) + -()(- :/ /*+, +)* , M+,-+ +) C, C( /- /*,( ( ,+) - :/ + ; )*( + > () - +/* / ;+/* )? )# ) >+- ( / +;+

+ )+* + ,+ + ) )# = + ,+; -(/ ( )+/*+/- ( ( + ( ( +> () - +/* *,+ /* :)# ) >+- ( -+ + / + ) )# = +

+- (,( /> / ( ( ( + (/ ( ,+> , / (# +- (,( > / ( ( (+ (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ /*+, +)*( , (

92



C( ( M / - ( + A ,, ; C,? * + P ,( CMAC PIURA SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA. 2. FUNDAMENTOS POR LOS CUALES SE HADECLARADO PROCEDENTE EL RECURSO. $ +# ( * + ,+- ,)

+ -()(- :/ ( > () )- +/* ) + # > + +- (,( , -+ +/*+ , (-( )( - /*+/ ( +/ + /- ) 2 + (,* - 386 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; #

, (J L( /( -(- :/ + )+@ / ,,(> + (,* - 24 + (C /)* * - :/# ,+>+, ( ( , , ( + (@ + ) +/+> - ) ) - ( +) <,+ /+,(- :/ + *,( ( ( , ) ,+ - ( = +, *,( @(- :/ ++ +( , (,@ +/*( = + - ( , , ( + (@ )+ ,+)+/*( ) + ,+< - (/ )+ = + + /+@ - # - ( ( ) -+ +/ + -() + ( * )#

,+- )(/ ( + ) = + ) +K + +( ,+) M(,- ( D ( H < ) <! (/ *( &(,@() F+,/ / + ,+( ( (/ ) ) (-* ; ( +) - +,) /()/(* ,( +) < / , -() + ?/ )+ /*+, ,+*(, < ( -(, ( / , (- /)* * - /( + (< , +,(,= ( - ( /; -( (# >,+/*+ ( /( +

+/ , +,(,= ( - +) + D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; - - +/* )- /- +/* )? ). J P , ( /( -(- :/ + (,* - 26 /- ) 3 + (C /)* * - :/# ,+>+, ( ( ( /*+, ,+*(- :/ >(; ,( + ( *,( ( ( , +/ -()

+ ( /)( ;( + ) ,+ + )+/* + /( / , ( ( +@( = + + @( , + + /*+, ,+*(, + )+/* + ( / , ( ( -( + ( -() - /-,+* # +/

> , ( ) >(; ,( + ( *,( ( ( , , )+, ( (,*+ ) ? < / -)+ ( ,+( ( +/ + -() + ( * ) ( -(/ ( D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ;

- - +/* ) - /- +/* )? ) (/*+) - *( # / )*(/*+ = + ) +K+ +( ,+) ) -J / )+ ( (/ - /)* * +/ +,) /( , -( (,( = +(= + ( +/*,+ = (- :/ ) -J , = + ,( *,( ,( :/# ) / = + (/

+)(,, ( ) ) -J ) ) (-* ; ( +) - +,) /( /(* ,( ( + ) - *( (E +- * , ( S ,+ ( ) # - (*, - +/* ) )+)+/* - @ :// ;+/* ) +*+# = + +- (,( = + )+ + + ( (,(, ( *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ +

(@ + ) +/+> - ) ) - ( +) + *,( ( ( , ) ,+ - ( = +, @(- :/+ + +( ,. 3. CONSIDERANDOS P, +, . E )+@ / ,,(> +

(,* - 24 + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -( ,+;? ( , , ( + (@ + (),+ /+,(- /+) < +/+> - ) ) - ( +)# / , ( = + ,+) *( ( -( + (-() + ( * )# * ( ;+ = + / ) +/- /*,( ) >,+/*+ ( / -,? * ( ,(

93



= + ( ) ,+- / - - ( +/*+ < = + )-( /+, ) , , ( +/+ (@ ( / -,? * > /(/- +, = + ; +/+ ) +/ )- * - ( +/*+#-,? * = + )+ +/- +/*,( ,+) ( ( , /( @(,(/* ( *+-(, (

,+@ )*,( ( (/*+) = + + + (,@ + ( ,+- ,,+/*+. S+@ / . T(/* +-,? * @(,(/* ( - / *+-( - ( + ( ( ,( ,+) ( ( ( - /

/ + (,@ # ,+-(+/ ) ,+ / / + + +/ , -+) + ,+ (*+ - #, = + + +, )+, (*+, ( + (/ ) ) ) ( ( -( ( + )+@ /,,(> + (,* - 24 + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -( ( + /> , +/ >(

+- ) :/ * ( ( , + ( = + . T+,-+, . L( / , ( - /)* * - /(- *( ( ( ) (*+, ( + +)(,, / , (* ; # +/*,+ () / , () = + (

+)(,, () ) -J +/- /*,( ) ( D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; - - +/* )- /- +/* )? )# ( *,(;?) + - ( )+ ,+- )(/ ) ( -(/-+) < , , ( +) +

) -,? * ) ( ,( +). C (,* . C /> , + )+ ( ; +,*+ + ( + (/ ( +> () ;+ /*+# ( ,+>+,+/- ( +/ + (@ , (,*+ + + (/ (/*+ +)

/*+/*( ( +/ ()+ ( +K )* , / +,+- ,+( + *+-( + ( +/*+/)-, * < ,= + ) ) +)* ) ,+; )* ) +/ + D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ;- - +/* ) - /- +/* )? ) / )+ (/ +/ +)*+ -() # ( / ( +,

,+= +, +/* + )+ ( ( +/* + +/ ,+ , -+) + = (- :/ ++ +( ,. $ /* . A ,+) +-* # ( -(/ + , /- + , , ( +/ +

(@ - /)(@,( - /)* * - /( +/*+# )+ ( ,+- ( = + *( +- ) :/- /)* * - /( + +-+ ( /*+,+)+) + , *+-- :/ ( ) (-,++ ,+)

( ,( +) >,+/*+ ( ) + ) (-,++ ,+) + )* /* , +/# +/*, +(,- + /( +- / ( ) - ( + +,-( . D+ (/+,( = +# -, /- - /)* * - /( + + ( -(,)+ , +/- ( + () ,+>+,+/- () +

+,+- ) = + )+ +/- +/*,(/ ,+; )*() +/ + L , I" + C: @ C ; #,+>+, ( ( ) ,+@ )*, ) - ). S+K* . P(,( +)*( +- ) :/ )+ * +/+ +/- +/*( + - /*+K* +/ = + )+ ,+)+/*(/ ) +- ) (*+, ( + +- ) :/ - ( # ) ,+ * () - ,- /)*(/- () = + + -,? * + + (/ (/*+ +)

(*+, ( + / , -+) - ( + + +- - :/ + @(,(/* ( *+-(, ( <# , *, ( = +# + + (/ (/*+ ( +/ /- ( +/( +/*+ *(/* ( (

,+- ,,+/*+ - ( ) ) +K + +( ,+)# , + + * + +>,( (- :/ <>,( + , -+)( ( > () - (,+/* ) +*+J +/ /- ( = + +/ -() +

94



+- (,(,)+ ( - ( ( *,(+, ( @,(;+) - /)+- +/- () - ; +) < +/( +)(,( ( ,+- ,,+/*+. S?* . E/ *( )+/* # +/ ( -(- :/ + )+@ /

,,(> + (,* - 24 + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -(# )+ ( ,+- ( = + +

D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; - - +/* ) - /- +/* )? ) ,+) *( ) +/ /( / , (+/ ( = +# +)(,, / )+ + , /- - /)* * - /( (/*+) +K +)* # (

( @(, ( = + + ,+-+ * - /)* * - /( )+( /( -( >,+/*+ ( - ( )+ + + *+/+, +/ - +/*( *( ?/ ,+; )* +/ + )+@ / ,,(>

+ (,* - 138 + / +)*,( C(,*( M(@/(# +/ ; ,* ( - ( + , /- +, , ( +/ + (@ - /)(@,( - /)* * - /( +/*+ + + /+,)+ (

,+; )* , + D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; - - +/* ) - /- +/* )? ). O-*(; .

S+@ / +K +)* # (*+/ +/ ( ( ) ,+ (- ( - /)* * - /( +, /- + , , ( +/ + (@ + ,+ /+,(- /+) < +/+> - )

) - ( +) ,+- @ +/ + )+@ / ,,(> + (,* - 24 + / +)*,( C(,*(M(@/(# ,+) *( ( -( + ( ) ( * )# +/- /*, / )+ ) +/+) +

+ , (>+-* ) ( (@ + /*+@, + ) -,? * ) ( ,( +)# ( + ( )/- ) ) ,+ ) +,+- ) + @(,(/* ( = + * +/+ + + (/ (/*+. D+(/+,( = +# - /> , + ( +K +)* # ( ,+- ,,+/*+ * +/+ , , ( +/ +

(@ + ) (-,++/- ( ( ,( ) / +, - + = + )+ ( / -( +/ +- /) +,(/ )+K* + +)*( )+/*+/- (# = + > /( +/*+ - /)* * <+ /

+-(/ ) + - /*, ( > / + = + +,+ + , /- + ,( ( (/*+, , + , -+) . N ;+/ . E (,* - 26 /- ) 3 + ( C /)* * - :/ /

,+) *( ( -( + ( ) ( * )# ( / +)*(, >,+/*+ ( /( / , ( , -( +// + +@ + ( +, ( -( ) )* /* ) ?* ) + /*+, ,+*(- :/

, -(# )+ ,+)+/*( /( ( /)( ;( +. 4. DECISIÓN (J D+- (,(, /

FUNDADO + ,+- ,) + -()(- :/ /*+, +)* , M+,-+ +) C,C( / + (/*+ +)-, * + > () )- +/* ) ) +*+# +/ - /)+- +/- (CASARON ( ,+) - :/ + ; )*( + > () - +/* / ;+/* )? )# ) >+- (/ +;+ + -* ,+ + ) )# = + ,+; -( ( )+/*+/- ( ( + ( ( +> () - +/* *,+ /* :)# ) >+- ( -+ + / + ) )# = +

+- (,( /> / ( ( ( + (/ ( ,+> , / ( +- (,( > / ( ( (+ (/ ( + *+,-+, ( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ /*+, +)*( , (

C( ( M / - ( + A ,, < C,? * + P ,( CMAC PIURA SOCIEDAD

95



ANÓNIMA. J A-* (/ +/ )+ + + /)*(/- ( CONFIRMARON (,+) - :/ ( + ( ( + > () - +/* *,+ /* :)# ) >+- ( -+ + / +

) )# = + +- (,( INFUNDADA ( + (/ (# - / + ) = + (

- /* +/+# -J DISPUSIERON ( -(- :/ + +)*( ,+) - :/ +/ + D (,O> - ( E P+, (/ # ( ,+) /)( ( +/ ) )+@ ) , ( C,C( / M+,-+ +) - /*,( ( C( ( M / - ( + A ,, < C,? * +P ,( CMAC PIURA SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA# ) ,+ *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ +

(@ < ) +; ; +, /.

SS. ALFARO ZL&ARE CARRIÓN LUGO AGUA%O DEL ROSARIO PACHAS

Z&ALOS QALCZ AR ELADA.

8.2. <URISPRUDENCIA 2

LA TERCERÍA PREFERENTE DE PAGO EST REFERIDA AL DERECHODE CR DITO @ NO A LA PROPIEDAD DEL BIEN

L( *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ +)* ,+>+, ( ( +,+- + -,? * < / ( (, + ( + +/. E/ ) (# +/ +)*( *+,-+, ( + ! + + + (/( (, (

/(* ,( + ( + ) -,? * ) - /*,( +)* ) < - + + ) * +/+ ,+>+,+/- ( +(@ ) ,+ + *,

L( (,*+ (-* ,( +/ ) + (/ ( ,+*+/ + )+ + ,+- / -( ) +,+-,+>+,+/*+ + (@ + ) ) ,+ /+,(- /+) < +/+> - ) ) - ( +)# (/*+) = + (

(-,++ ,( *+-(, ( Q(/- # +/ ( ;+/*( - ( + / + + + , + ( +

C +,- ( L( ,+- ,, ( ( - /> , ( ( ( + ( (# = + +- (,( > / ( ( ( + (/ (#

+/ - /)+- +/- (# +- (,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (-* , ( )+, (@( - / +, -* = + )+ *+/@( + ,+ (*+ + / + + ) (*+, (# = + )+ ; +/+

+ +- *(/ +/ + , -+) + E +- - :/ + G(,(/* (# )+@ , ++/- /( Q(/- - /*,( C +,- ( # - < > / ( +/* +) = + + (,* -

24 )+@ / ,,(> + ( C(,*( M(@/( ,+@ ( = + + (@ + (

,+ /+,(- :/ < + ) +/+> - ) ) - ( +) + *,( ( ( , * +/+ , , ( ) ,+

96



- ( = +, *,( @(- :/ + + +( ,# ) +/ + ( -(- :/ > , )( >,+/*+( / , -+ +/* = + +/* , +-+ ) ( -(- :/# - ) / ) (,* - ) 3 < 4

+ D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; / +, 856# = + + +/ (, ,* / ( ( = + / )+

- ( - / + (/ (* - /)* * - /( *( ?/ )+ ( ( = + ) (,* - ) 1 < 2+ +)*+ D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; )+ - +/ ( (= + ( / , ( - /)* * - /(

CAS. N -1( 2 . LA LIBERTAD.L (# ;+ /* *,?) + / + ) / +;+.LA SALA CI IL PERMANENTE DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE <USTICIA- / + (- ( ( ; )*( ( -( )( / +, - (*, - +/* ) *,+-+ [ ) / +;+# +/ + ( + ( >+- ( < , - ( ( ; *(- :/ - / (,,+@ ( L+< + *+

( ,+)+/*+ )+/*+/- (

1. MATERIA DEL RECURSO:S+ *,(*( + ,+- ,) + -()(- ://*+, +)* , + - + (/ ( Q(/- I/*+,/(- /( + P+,

INTERQAN\# - /*,( ( S+/*+/- ( + & )*( + > () )- +/* ) - (,+/*( <*,+)# ) >+- ( +- - + )+* + ,+ + ) - # +K + ( , (P, +,( S( ( C ; + ( C ,*+ S +, , + ! )* - ( + L( L +,*( # = +

- /> , ( ( ( + ( ( + > () - +/* - (,+/*( < )+ )# >+- ( ( + + + / + ) - # = + +- (,( > / ( ( ( + (/ (# +/- /)+- +/- (# +- (, + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (-* , ( )+, (@( - /+ , -* = + )+ *+/@( + ,+ (*+ + / + + ) (*+, (# = + )+; +/+ +- *(/ +/ + , -+) + E +- - :/ + G(,(/* (.

2. FUNDAMENTOS POR LOS CUALES SE HA DECLARADOPROCEDENTE EL RECURSO:M+ (/*+ ( ,+) - :/ + >+- ( ;+ /* / + ( , + ( +/ - ,) #)+ ( +- (,( , -+ +/*+ + ,+- ,) + -()(- :/ , ( -( )( +

/- ) 1B + (,* - 386 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; # )+@ / )) @ +/*+) > / ( +/* ) D+/ /- ( ( /*+, ,+*(- :/ +,,:/+( + )(,* - ) 24 )+@ / ,,(> < 138 + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -(# ( - +/= + +/ + , +, ,+-+ * # ( S( ( ( /*+, ,+*( +,,:/+( +/*+ )

- /*+/ ( +)*( +-+, = + ( ,+ /+,(- :/ < ) +/+> - ) ) - ( +)

97



+ *,( ( ( , * +/+/ , , ( ) ,+ - ( = +, *,( @(- :/ ++ +( ,# +)* = + + (- +, ( ( * , Q+ ( +) Q( +)*+, ) XL(

,+>+,+/- ( +,( ) + ,+# +, +/ (,* - (,# - (/ )+ = ( /

/+@ - < ) (-* ; ) / - ,+/ ) () ; )X# () ) ( , ) , +/- (( +)*( +- = + +/ +)*+ * + - /*, ;+,) () + + + +*+, /(,)+

) + + (/ ( * +/+ / -,? * ( ,( # ) ( ) ,+- / - < ) +)( (,( + +/ ( ; ( + *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ # = + (> , ( / )+

,+)+/*( +/ + -() + ( * )# ,= + +) /- (* + - / ) (,* - ) 3B< 4B + D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; / +, 856. T( ?/ ()+;+,( + -(, -*+,

+,)+- * , + ) -,? * ) ( ,( +) ): )+ ;+, > -( +/ ( @ / + )

) +)* ) + (,* - 3 + D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; +/ ,+>+,+/- (# /)*(/*+# / )+ ( (-,+ *( *( ,+= ) * = + @ ( ,( /( +/*

- ,,+) / + ( (,* - 4 + - +, / , (* ; - *( # + ) = ++)*( +-+ = + XL( ,+>+,+/- ( )+ + +,-+ - (/ +/ / , -+) - ( ++ +( , / /@( ( ) ) - :/ + @( +/ +/+) ,+)) > - +/*+) (,( ,+) / +, , ) -,? * ) ( ,( +) ( + ( )X#

) ) * ; = + @ (, ( ,+ (- :/ - / ) +)* +/ + (,* - 703 +

C: @ P, -+)( C ; .

(. CONSIDERANDOS:P&$+e&":L( *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ +) (= + ( ,+*+/) :/ = +

+, *+ ( / (-,++ , = + ) -,? * )+( (@( - / + , -* +) +/+) (>+-*( )# - / ,+>+,+/- ( ( ( +,) /( = + ( @,( (

(>+-*(- :/. E) , + = + +/ + ( * ( ) , + ( *+,-+, ( +

+,+- ,+>+,+/*+# )+ ) ) +/ + + (@ ( *, (-,++ , ()*( = + )++- ( +/ +> / * ;( ) ,+ ( ,+>+,+/- (. L( *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@

+)* ,+>+, ( ( +,+- + -,? * < / ( ( , + ( + +/. E/) (# +/ +)*( *+,-+, ( + ! + + + (/( (, ( /(* ,( + ( + )-,? * ) - /*,( +)* ) < - + + ) * +/+ ,+>+,+/- ( + (@ ) ,+ +

*, .

Se u d": L( (,*+ (-* ,( +/ ) + (/ ( + > () ;+ /* - #

98



,+*+/ + )+ + ,+- / -( ) +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ + ) ),+ /+,(- /+) < +/+> - ) ) - ( +)# (/*+) = + ( (-,++ ,(

*+-(, ( Q(/- I/*+,/(- /( + P+, # +/ ( ;+/*( - ( + / + +

+ , + ( + C +,- ( & (, E ,+)( I/ ; ( + R+) /)( (L *( (# ) * +/ ( C( + / # M(/ (/( A # *+ -+# P(,= + I/ )*, (

+ D )*, * L( E) +,(/ (# T, # /)-, * +/ ( > - ( / +, 22012 +R+@ )*, + P, + ( I/ + + + L( L +,*( .

Te&'e&": P , ) (,*+# + Q(/- ,+- ,,+/*+ +/ ) - /*+)*(- :/ + (+ (/ ( + > () - (,+/*( < ) +*+# ) )* +/+ = + + (,* - 3 + D+-,+*

L+@ ) (* ; / +, 856 ,+- )( ) ( -(/-+) + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +) -,? * ) ( ,( +). E (,* - 4 + ,+- *( D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ;

,+- )( = + +/ ( *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+# )+ ,+= +,+ = + + + +( , )+ ( + +/+) ,+) (,( - , , + (@ + -,? * ) ( ,( +) (/*+ +! + # ,+; ( ) - * + (,*+ = +# + -,? * + ) (,*+ ,+) ( (- / *+-( +/ + +- - :/ - /* / ( ) +/ ,+>+,+/*+ , ,(/@ <* + . E (,* - 139 /- ) 9B + ( L+< G+/+,( + S )*+ (

F /(/- +, ,+)-, + = + ) ;( ,+)# ,+- ,) ) < + ) +/+) = +@(,(/* (/ @(- /+) - / + ,+)() + )+-* , > /(/- +, - ,+/

,+>+,+/*+ +/*+ ?)*()# () ( / *+/ +/ = + ( L+< / +, 26702#+) +) +- ( < )*+, , ( D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; / +, 856. A + )

/; -( ( ( -(- :/ + () / , () + R++)*, -* ,(- :/ P(*, / ( . E/- (/* ( (,@ +/* = + + + +- (,(,)+ /> / ( ( ( + (/ (#( +@( = + ( + (/ ( +) >,( +/*(# )+@ / ) (,@ +/* ) = + +K /+.

Cu%&!":L( ,+- ,, ( ( - /> , ( ( ( + ( (# = + +- (,( > / ( (( + (/ (# +/ - /)+- +/- (# +- (,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (-* ,

( )+, (@( - / + , -* = + )+ *+/@( + ,+ (*+ + / + +) (*+, (# = + )+ ; +/+ + +- *(/ +/ + , -+) + E +- - :/ +G(,(/* (# )+@ , + +/- /( Q(/- - /*,( C +,- ( & ;(, E ,+)( I/ ; ( + R+) /)( ( L *( (# - < > / ( +/* +)

= + + (,* - 24 )+@ / ,,(> + ( C(,*( M(@/( ,+@ ( = + + (@

99



+ ( ,+ /+,(- :/ < + ) +/+> - ) ) - ( +) + *,( ( ( , * +/+, , ( ) ,+ - ( = +, *,( @(- :/ + + +( ,# ) +/ +

( -(- :/ > , )( >,+/*+ ( / , -+ +/* = + +/* , +-+ )

( -(- :/# - ) / ) (,* - ) 3 < 4 + D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; / +,856# = + + +/ (, ,* / ( ( = + / )+ - ( - / + (/ (*- /)* * - /( *( ?/ )+ ( ( = + ) (,* - ) 1 < 2 + +)*+ D+-,+*L+@ ) (* ; )+ - +/ ( (= + ( / , ( - /)* * - /( .

?u$ !": E ,+- ,) ) +K( +/ (/*+( ( /*+, ,+*(- :/ +,,:/+( +(,* - 24 + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -(# ,= + + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +-,? * ( ,( +)* ) +* ( - +/* + ) (,* - ) 3 < 4 +D+-,+* L+@ ) (* ; / +, 856# ) * (- :/ = + ()+;+,( / )+ - + +/+ ,+)+/*+ -() .

Se !": $ +# ) +/ +)*+ + (,- / , (* ; +/ + = + )+ +)(,, (( *+,-+, ( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ # +, ;( ( + /( @(- :/ ( ,(/- ( , + + +( ,# + + *+/+,)+ ,+)+/*+ = + * (/*+, ,+*(- :/ +@( + /( / , ( + + (,* , + ( (*, + ( ) (#

+)* +)# /( / , ( + +/ , +,(,= (# ( / - (/ )+( ,+@ ( ,( +( ) ) - :/ @+/+,( # / + + (,)+ ( - /*,( -- :/ - / ( / , (

+, ,= -( +/*+ ) +, ,.

S*!$+": $ +# +/ + -() + ( * )# (/( ( + (-* (, + ) +-+)+ ?, * # )+ + + )+ ( (, = + ?)* ) / (/ /*+, ,+*(

+,,:/+( +/*+ ( / , ( +/ /- ( ( +)* = + ( (/ /*+, ,+*( )*( +/*+ +/*, + - /*+K* +/ + = + )+ /*+, ,+*(/ +)*( / , (#+)* +)# - / ( ( -(- :/ + (,* - 24 + ( C /)* * - :/ P * -(#

( +/ (,, ( ( ( - /- ) :/ > -* -(# ( ) ( = + / +)) )-+ * + + )+, ,+; )( ( +/ )+ + -()(* , (# + = + + (-* , / ()(* )>+- + ) +)* - /*+/ +/ ( / , (# ( ?/ )+ -*( /,+= +, +/* + (@ # + ) = + ( ) /- . U/

100



(/*+-+ +/*+ ) (, ( ) +K( /( +/ ) - /) +,(/ ) / ?-< ?- + ( S+/*+/- ( + C()(- :/ / +, 536 2003 S(/*(#

-( ( +/ E P+, (/ # - / >+- ( *,+ /*( < / + (, + )

- (*, # @ /( /-+ )+ )- +/* ) )+*+/*( < )+ ).

O'!%#" P , *, ( # +)*( S( ( + C()(- :/ +)* ( = + ): + >,( + ) (- :/ +/*,+ + +( , < *,( ( ( , / * +/+ * *+ ( - /)* * - /(

- (,( /+, ) ( *, ) +,+- ) + -,? * . E/ + ,+)+/*+ -() # )+/ +) - +,* +/ ( - /*+)*(- :/ + ( + (/ ( (/*+) ,+)+ ( (# )+

(-+ ( ) :/ ( >,( + = + ( , (/ - +* + (-* , - / ( *,(+ (/ ( (# ) +)* = + , + ) / ( ) + )*,( +/

( * )# )+ )+,;( = + +/ ( ( + (- :/ + > () - +/* - /- +/*( < / +;+#+/ ) ) (@,(; ) / )+ /- + +/ +)*+ (,@ +/* . E/ - /)+- +/- (# / )+- ,, ,( + +,, , / -(/ ( +@( , + ,+- ,,+/*+.

-. DECISIÓN: P , () - /) +,(- /+) +K +)*() < + - /> , (- / +)*( +- +/ + (,* - 397 + C: @ P, -+)( C ; (JDe'l%&%&" INFUNDADO+ ,+- ,) + -()(- :/ + > () )- +/* )- /- +/*( < ) +*+# /*+, +)* , + Q(/- I/*+,/(- /( + P+, 'INTERQAN\ +/ - /)+- +/- (# NO CASAR ( S+/*+/- ( + & )*( +> () )- +/* ) - (,+/*( < *,+)# ) >+- ( +- - + )+* + ,+ +

) - # + * ( , ( P, +,( S( ( C ; + ( C ,*+ S +, , + ! )* - ( + L( L +,*( . JCONDENARON( ( (,*+ ,+- ,,+/*+ ((@ + ( *( + ) U/ ( +) + R+>+,+/- ( P, -+)( ) - )*() <

- )* ) + +)*+ ,+- ,) . -JDISPUSIERON ( -(- :/ + ( ,+)+/*+,+) - :/ +/ + D (, O> - ( E P+, (/ # ( ,+) /)( ( +/ ))+@ ) , D / - R+<+) G * ?,,+ # ) ,+ T+,-+, ( P,+>+,+/*+ +P(@ /*+,; / - & -( P /+/*+ + )+ , I , @ D+ @( < )

+; ; +, /.SS. TZ&ARA CÓRDO&A. SOLÍS ESPINO A. PALOMINO GARCIA.CASTA]EDA SERRANO. IDROGO DELGADO.

101



CONCLUSIONES

L( *+,-+, ( ; +/+ ( )+, (= + ( ,+*+/) :/ + - ( , / *+,-+, +/ /, -+) # + - ( / +) (,*+ ) )*(/* ;( / , -+)( # +/ - <( ; ,*

,+- ( ( + +;(/*( +/* + / + (,@ *,( ( ) ,+ / +/ + ), + ( # + (@ ,+>+,+/- ( + ) -,? * - / + , - + (

;+/*( + +/ + (,@( .

E ) )*+/* + +)*( > @ ,( +)* /* ( +/*+ ; /- ( ( - / + +,+- +

, + ( # +,+- ,+( ( *,(;?) + - ( +*+, /( +/ )+ +/- +/*,() +* ( ( (-- :/ < ; /*( + /( +,) /(.

L( *+,-+, ( + , + ( + + /*+, /+,)+ +/ - ( = +, +/*

(/*+) = + )+ / - + + ,+ (*+ + +/# + +/ +/*+/ +,)+ , / - +,+ (*+# ( +-* ,( + ( ,+ (- :/ + +/+) ( ;+/ +,)+# ( (-* ) +

( ;+/*( < )*+, , ( -(- :/ +/ , + ( ( >(; , + ( @ / )* ,#

= + )+ , -+/ +/ + ) (-* .

L() *+,-+, () - /)* * <+/ / /)*, +/* , -+)( /+-+)(, (,( @,(,

+)(>+-*(, / +,+- *+/+, ( ,+>+,+/- ( + (@ - (/,+( +/*+ - /- ,,+ *( - ,- /)*(/- (. S / + (,@ # - / >,+- +/- ( ) /

* ( () - / + (,( , (, @(- /+) + ( +/*+() ().

L( * (- :/ + () *+,-+, () (,( +;( , @(- /+) +@ * ( +/*+

- /*,( ()# +/- +/*,(/ - / >,+- +/- ( ,+) ( +/ () +- ) /+) , ) -- /( +) , /( /- /) )*+/*+ ( -(- :/ + /)* * - /+) - +

+,+- - /# +,+- ) ,+( +) < +,+- ) +,) /( +).

L( - () > -(- :/ + +,+- ) ,+( +) < +,+- ) +,) /( +) - /)* * <+

+ + +/* > / ( +/*( # ( / ;+ , ) -- /( # (,( +- , + +,+-

102



,+>+,+/*+# ) / + (,@ # ( , (- ( + / ) ) ,+ *, ) -(,+-+ +) )*+/* , - *+:, - < ,+) *( / * +/ ( , -* -(.

E +,+- - / *(/*() ;+-+) /; -( , *+:, - ) < , ) :,@(/ )

, ) -- /( +) +) - /-+ + +,,:/+ # )+ * +/+ /( (@( +(+ ) ( -(/-+ - /-+ * ( < , + )+ ( -( /- ,,+-*( +/*+ (,( (

) - :/ + ( / ( + +,+- ).

E +,+- - / - /)* * <+ * + ) )*+ ( , - = + , @+ < / , (

() - / -*() ) - +- /: -() + /( ) - + ( +/ )+/* @+/+,( #(= + = + / )+ +/ (,-( ( * -( ,+@ /( / ( /( (*+, (+) +- ( .

L( , , ( + ) +,+- ) /)-, * ) / )+ +*+, /( , ) -(- :/

+/ / +)*, ) )*+ ( , - - ; # - ,+( +) +,) /( +)# ) / , (,+@ )*,( ( . E R+@ )*, P - - /)* * <+/ + /)*, +/* )

+,>+-* + - ( # , - /) @ +/*+ + = + (< , @(,(/* ( * ,@((,( -( > -(, ( ,+>+,+/- ( + ) +,+- ).

L( )+@ , ( , -( ,+) *( / ) +/)( + +/ * ) ) * ) < ):

+ + @,(,)+ - / ( - /- ,,+/- ( + / ) )*+ ( , - - /) )*+/*+#,+( )*( < - +,+/*+ - / ( , -* -(# < + / - ,*( +/* , ) -- /( > , + < / > , +.

103



BIBLIOGRAFIA

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