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Critical Interpretation of Culture

Annice Lappin and Larissa Boyhan

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This presentation examines the use of cosmeticsurgery and critically examines and evaluates the

cultural influences behind this.

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Cosmetic surgery is concerned with the

correction, restoration or enhancement of thebody. It has a history dating back to the 6thcentury in India.

Which of the following would you agree is cosmetic surgeryusing the above definition.

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Movie of Heide from popular sitcom The

City reflecting on her plastic surgery.

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Use of CosmeticSurgery Misuse ofCosmeticSurgeryAestheticreasons.

Reconstructivereasons.

Genderdysphoria.

Aestheticreasons.

Bodydysphoriadisorder

Unattainable

body image

Industry consumerism

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Healthy Effects ofCosmetic Surgery Unhealthy effects ofmisuse of CosmeticSurgeryIncreased self

esteem

Being able tocontribute positivelyto society.

Being able to live anormal life

Empowering toimprove conditionsof life eg get a job

Debt

Major risks ofsurgery

Surgeons operatingout of desire for

money.

restrictive modelsof femininity.

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A good plastic surgeon walks a fine line between the Hippocratic ideal of doing no harm and givingthe patient what he or she asks for. Obviously, the surgeon should put the health and safety of thepatient first in deciding whether or not to accommodate a patients request for a particular procedure.Ethics dictate that he or she would not perform any procedure with the written consent of the patient.Nor would the surgeon perform surgery on a minor without the consent of his or her legal guardian(s).

Ethical Gray Areas the ideal of full disclosure to patients regarding the scope of the surgeons

experience with a new technique or piece of surgical equipment.

The issues of ethics become even more complex where mental and emotionalstate of the patient is concerned.

How does the surgeon determine when enough is enough, in the case of aperson who displays signs of plastic surgery addiction?

A Judgment Call Ultimately, it is up to each surgeon to call upon his or her experience,

training, and judgment to make the decision.

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appearance-oriented ideology

patriarchal ideology

promises of power, pleasure, and freedom

Body consumption.

beauty ideal -unrealistic conceptions of beauty

desire for self-improvement.

Consumerism

conforming to an acceptable standard of appearance

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Gain losePeople with disfigurements

Females.

Western Culture.

Doctors

Fashion industry

Cosmetic Product Industry

Females

Racial minority groups

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Media - (TV, film, magazines, internet)

The business of Cosmetic surgery

Fashion industry

Stockholders

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Positive Equality of opportunity for all eg Moira Kellys work

Quality of life.

Negative

Societies acceptance of women being judged bytheir appearance more than men inequality andoppression.

Imperialism of a Culture to the detriment ofanother e.g Asian American and Korean

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When aesthetic plastic surgery remains where itcommenced, in the realm of the medical system where it

was intended to seriously benefit patients it is a positive

contribution to society.

But when cosmetic surgery crosses entirely into the

commercial world reinforcing naturally unachievable

stereotypes of beauty and its immediate focus is on

benefiting the business it can have a negative impact onthe social construct of identity and feminism.

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When cosmetic surgery is used address social justice issues such asto enhance the lives of the disadvantaged or marginalised such asthe work with Moira Kelly or with the work of Fred Hollowsfoundation with the Indigenous communities of Australia then it ishaving a positive impact on society.

Cosmetic surgery has a positive impact on the lives of people whenused in a responsible manner such as reconstruction after trauma ordue to disfigurements, as it can enable the recipients to live a betterquality of life.

When cosmetic surgery is marketed to society as a normal way toachieve the unrealistic body images portrayed in the media it

becomes a manipulative and exploitive force that impacts on theidentity formation of some members of society.

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http://www.cosmeticsurgeryaustralia.com.au/accessed on 25.3.10

Rosemary Gillespie. Women, the Body and Brand Extension in Medicine Cosmetic Surgery and the Paradox ofChoice. Accessed at http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a904837204 db=allon 25.3.10 Woo Keong Ja . The Beauty Complex and the Cosmetic Surgery Industry. Accessed at

http://www.ekoreajournal.net/archive/detail.jsp?BACKFLAG=Y&VOLUMENO=44&BOOKNUM=2&PAPERNUM=4&S

EASON=summer&YEAR=2004on 25.3.10

Bryan C. Mendelson. Aesthetic/Cosmetic Surgery and Ethical Challenges. Accessed athttp://www.springerlink.com/content/t1377x2656365447/fulltext.pdf?page=1on 25.3.10 Deborah A. Sullivan. Cosmetic surgery: the cutting edge of commercial medicine in America Accessed at

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=ideology%20of%20cosmetic%20surgery&f=false on 25.3.10

http://www.cosmeticsurgeryaustralia.com.au/http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a904837204&db=allhttp://www.ekoreajournal.net/archive/detail.jsp?BACKFLAG=Y&VOLUMENO=44&BOOKNUM=2&PAPERNUM=4&SEASON=summer&YEAR=2004http://www.ekoreajournal.net/archive/detail.jsp?BACKFLAG=Y&VOLUMENO=44&BOOKNUM=2&PAPERNUM=4&SEASON=summer&YEAR=2004http://www.springerlink.com/content/t1377x2656365447/fulltext.pdf?page=1http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://books.google.com.au/books?id=XgPAzXxGGE4C&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=ideology+of+cosmetic+surgery&source=bl&ots=_PqKyfXpbJ&sig=qmkWsukqMBl7ycy-gNQcDfr2RXY&hl=en&ei=cS6rS82iEZSXkQX_-qDEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAwhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/t1377x2656365447/fulltext.pdf?page=1http://www.ekoreajournal.net/archive/detail.jsp?BACKFLAG=Y&VOLUMENO=44&BOOKNUM=2&PAPERNUM=4&SEASON=summer&YEAR=2004http://www.ekoreajournal.net/archive/detail.jsp?BACKFLAG=Y&VOLUMENO=44&BOOKNUM=2&PAPERNUM=4&SEASON=summer&YEAR=2004http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a904837204&db=allhttp://www.cosmeticsurgeryaustralia.com.au/