Eukaryota

Stramenopiles

Oomycetes

Peronosporales

---------------------------------

P3hytophthora

DIAGNOSTICO:1876 Heinrich Anton De Bary

tans Phytophthora infestans )

1831-1888

Heinrich Anton de Bary

Heinrich Anton de Bary

Nacimiento

26 de enero de 1831. Fráncfort del Meno

Fallecimiento

19 de enero de 1888. Estrasburgo

Nacionalidad Alemán

Ocupación Cirujano, botánico, microbiólogo, algólogo, y micólogo

Padres August Theodor de Bary y de Emilie Meyer

Phytophthora: -causa ahogamiento o -damping-off, -secadera de plantas, árboles -atizonamiento. -enfermedades de raíz en almácigo plántula

y

-Habitad: -en algunas especies-suelo con alto contenido de humedad, acuático

-otras especies-humedad en partes aéreas de la planta (Ej. P. infestans de Bary)

-raro saprofítico.

Sporangium

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MICELIO:

HINCHADO

TORULOSO ·

P. .capsici

P.cinnamomi ...•'• ...... :, ;;.., ·--·-..

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

o

REPRODUCCION ASEXUAL ZOOSPORAS

ESPORANGIOS

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

uroonifonn Obpyrilonn

()boVOid GlobOSe

lnlercalary Pyrilonn E!lipsoid

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xxx

PAPILADO P R O L I F E R A D O S

EXTENDI

DO

ANIDADO

EXTENDIDO

ANIDADO

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

S I M P O D I A L: A, B, C

UMBELADO

COMPUESTO SIMPLE

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

OOGONIO S E X U A L

AMPHIGYNOUS

(anteridio posición) PARAGYNOUS

(anteridio posición) (posiciòn anteridio)

PARAGYNOUS

DICLINOUS Kirk et al., 2008

Pythium

COLONIA

MORFOLOGIA Phytophthora

(oogonio) (oospora plerótica)

Pythium sp. )

Kirk et al., 2008

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

HYPOGYNOUS AMPHIGYNOUS PARAGYNOUS

(oospora aplerótica

Gcmetangrar delimilalion Expons1on

a Ooqoniol woll lhickeninq

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OOPLASMA PERIPLASMA

VA

CUO

LAS OO

PLAS

TO LIPI

DOS

2 3

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

o

o

S

p

H

E

R

E

Erwin and Ribeiro,1996

NUCLEO “2n” 3. OOSPORA

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

\

'' ''\

' \ \ \

'\

Haplopha$C

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Phytophthora infestans

o

ASEXUAL

2n

- MiceBlio en hospedero

o / Ñ

Quiste

" 1

<=XUAL / Meiosis

Esporangio

?ospora

e}" Germinación

- de oospora

- Plasmogamia

V Cariogamia

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ZOOSPoRES

7'

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Tabla 4.2.Asexualchar

acterlstlcs of Phytophthora specles 8

SPECIES NAME

t t ! E ...... ! 1 1

.S ...

i •

i

>4

aaal

6

11

ea e a E tl o

)(

{J. a:¡

.

.

+

1.3 25-40 p +1· Simple sympodlal Ovold-obpyriform 19·55 16-46 38 X 26 + e p 16-66 15·44 41 X 32 1.3 + Ovold·ellipsold·globose 18 1-e 01+ Simple sympodlal

p 31-71 28·40 49 x36 1.4 31 Sphericalto ovold • Lax sympodial

Slrfllle sympodlal

•

Ovokf-elllpsold Irregular . +1· 3o.72 22·51 48x37 1.3 28.7 p 38 • • •

Ovold-obpyri!orm Simple sympodlal 14·56 11·38 39 X 29 1.3 37 p • •

Ovold-obturbinate p Unbranched 35-45 28·35 39 x22 1.2 55 + • •

No data • •

SPORANGIA

:l

o.

....

&!

I

ll

1

.... j!

o.

al

Cll

-

5

3

.....

...

¡:

...

.....

:1.

al Ol

e al > e(

;:

al .:J

.o

='ª

o.

g

o.

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IDENTIFICA

CION

MORFOLO

GICA

IDENTIFICACION

MORFOLOGICA + MOLECULAR (Gallegly and Hong, 2008)

Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996

Table 4.7. Differences between Phytophthora and Pythíuma

Characteristic Phytophthora Pythium

Sporangium shape Usually ovoid or obpyriform; seldom globose. Filamentous, inflated hyphae, sphcrical, occasionally ovoid or pyriform.

Terminal or intcrcalary.

No Always persistent.

Protoplasrn (undifferentiated) flows from thc sporangiurn into a vesicle in which zoospores differentiate.

Fine and flexuous (5-10 J.lm wide). Paragynous or hypogynous. Never amphigynous.

Can be one or rnany and attached to any part of the

oogoniurn. Smooth or spiny. Colorlcss walls.

Sporangium position Sporangium apical thickening (papilla) Sporangium caducity Zoospore differentiation

Always terminal. Yes Caducous (deciduous) or persistcnt. Protoplasm differentiates into zoospores within the

sporangium.

Coarse and stiffly branched (6-14 J.lffi wide).

Amphigynous or paragynous; if paragynous attached only to thc lower hemisphere.

Smooth oc in a few species, omamented. Pigmented

walls. Plerotic or aplerotic. Yes Yes Yes

Oospore Chlamydospores Hyphal swellings Thiamine requirement

Plerotic or aplerotic. Yes

Rare No (cxcept for P vexans, which requires thiarnine

for growth). Soil or aquatic; saprophytic or facultatively para­

sitie. Habitat Soil or aquatic; aerial parts of plants; rarely

saprophytic. Addition of hymexazol (3-hydroxy-5-

methylisoxazole) to isolation medium Host specificity

Sorne species are not inhibited. Spccific or with a wide host rangc, depending on

species.

Many species are inhibited. Nurnerous hosts, rarely host specific.

a Adaptcd from Ribeiro (1978) by pcrmission of AR Gantncr Verlag, Vaduz.

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