Trabajo N_2 Final

7/24/2019 Trabajo N_2 Final

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/trabajo-n2-final 1/23

DOCENTE : Ing. BOCANEGRA JACOME MIGUEL

INTEGRANTES :

Lozano Vega Yobi

Llatas Bautista Junior

Pariahuache Puelles Christian

Simpertigue Loayza Jheyner

Valderrama Monteza Manuel.

Liza Chancafe Segundo

ÍNDICE

EGUNDO

TRABAJO

UNIVERSIDAD

NACIONAL

PEDRO RUIZ

FOTOGRAM

noviembre de 201

INGENIERÍA CIVIL - UNRG



SEGUNDO TRABAJO – RECONOCIMIENTO GPS DIFERENCIALES UNPRGCURSO: !O"OGRAME"RÍA.DOCENTE: Ing. BOCANEGRA JACOME Mig#e$.

I. INTRODUCCIÓN

E$ in%&r#men&'$ &o(ogr)*i+o , geod%i+o #e em($e'n $o% (ro*e%ion'$e% en ingenier/' +ivi$ ('r' $'

re*eren+i'+in de (#n&o% &o(ogr)*i+o% ' ido evo$#+ion'ndo de +on*ormid'd ' $o% &iem(o% ,

de%'rro$$o &e+no$gi+o (ro(io% de $'% di%+i($in'% &o(ogr)*i+'% +'r&ogr)*i+'% , geod%i+'% $ig'd'%'$ )re' de $' men%#r'.

L' evo$#+in ('r&e de%de e$ em($eo de $o% &'#/me&ro% (&i+o-me+)ni+o% ('%'ndo (or $o%

&'#/me&ro% e$e+&rni+o% di%&'n+ime&ro% , e%&'+ione% &o&'$e% '%&' $o% '+&#'$e% %i%&em'%

%'&e$i&'$e% +omo G3.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL2




En e%&e in*orme %e de&'$$'r) $' (r)+&i+' de +'m(o de$ d/' m'r&e% 12 de o+&#bre de$ 2014. A%/

mi%mo $' de%+ri(+in &eri+' de$ e#i(o 5modo de #%o ('r&e% (re+'#+ione% ' &ener en +#en&'6.

3e &om $'% +oorden'd'% de do% e%&'+ione% +er+'n'% ('r' $#ego %er (ro+e%'d'% en g'bine&e

5L'bor'&orio de in*orm)&i+' N746.

II. MARCO TEÓRICO

Sistema de !si"i!#amie#t! $%!&a% 'G%!&a% P!siti!#i#$ S(stem)

G3 o 3i%&em' de o%i+ion'mien&o G$ob'$ 5G$ob'$ o%i&ioning 3,%&em6 e% #n %i%&em' den'veg'+in b'%'do en %'&$i&e% , e%&) in&egr'do (or 28 %'&$i&e% (#e%&o% en rbi&' (or e$9e('r&'men&o de de*en%' de $o% E%&'do% Unido%. Origin'$men&e *#e (en%'do ('r' '($i+'+ione%

mi$i&'re% '#n#e ' ('r&ir de $o% ':o% ;0<% e$ gobierno de U3A (#%o e$ %i%&em' de n'veg'+indi%(onib$e ' $' (ob$'+in +ivi$. E$ G3 *#n+ion' en +#'$#ier +ondi+in +$im'&o$gi+' en+#'$#ier ('r&e de$ m#ndo $'% 28 or'% de$ d/'. No ', ning=n +o%&o de %#%+ri(+in o +'rgo%ini+i'$e% de (re('r'+in ('r' #%'r e$ G3.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL3




GPS DIFERENCIALES

E$ G3 9i*eren+i'$ in&rod#+e #n' m',or e>'+&i&#d en e$ %i%&em'. E%e &i(o de re+e(&or 'dem)% dere+ibir , (ro+e%'r $' in*orm'+in de $o% %'&$i&e% re+ibe , (ro+e%' %im#$&)ne'men&e

INGENIERÍA CIVIL4




O&r' in*orm'+in 'di+ion'$ (ro+eden&e de#n' e%&'+in &erre%&re %i&#'d' en #n $#g'r +er+'no , re+ono+ido (or e$ re+e(&or. E%&'in*orm'+in +om($emen&'ri' (ermi&e

+orregir $'% ine>'+&i&#de% #e %e (#ed'nin&rod#+ir en $'% %e:'$e% #e e$ re+e(&or re+ibe de $o% %'&$i&e%. En e%&e +'%o $'e%&'+in &erre%&re &r'n%mi&e '$ re+e(&or G3$o% '?#%&e% #e %on ne+e%'rio% re'$i@'r en&odo momen&o %&e $o% +on&r'%&' +on %# (ro(i' in*orm'+in , re'$i@' $'% +orre++ione%mo%&r'ndo en %# ('n&'$$' $o% d'&o% +orre+&o%+on #n' gr'n e>'+&i&#d.

E$ m'rgen de error de #n re+e(&or G3norm'$ (#ede e%&'r en&re $o% 0 , $o% 100me&ro% de di*eren+i' +on $' (o%i+in #e

m#e%&r' en %# ('n&'$$'. 'r' #n de%($'@'mien&o norm'$ (or &ierr' 100 me&ro% de di*eren+i' nodebe o+'%ion'r ning=n (rob$em' (ero ('r' re'$i@'r $' m'niobr' de '&erri@'?e de #n 'vin %obre&odo %i $'% +ondi+ione% de vi%ibi$id'd %on b'?'% (#ede $$eg'r ' +onver&ir%e en #n de%'%&re. 3inemb'rgo e$ G3 9i*eren+i'$ red#+e e$ m'rgen de error ' meno% de #n me&ro de di*eren+i' +on$' (o%i+in indi+'d'.

E#i(o% G3 geod%i+o% %on de '$&' (re+i%in +on $o% +#'$e% '($i+'ndo m&odo% di*eren+i'$e% ,e$ '(o,o en g'bine&e de (rogr'm'% e%(e+i'$i@'do% en e$ (ro+e%'mien&o de d'&o% (ermi&en

ob&ener re%#$&'do% (re+i%o%.

E$ G3 9I!ERENCIAL +ono+ido (or %# %ig$' 9G3 &iene m',or (re+i%in #e #n G3geod%i+o.

EL 9G3 'dem)% de re+ibir , (ro+e%'r $' in*orm'+in de $o% %'&$i&e% re+ibe , (ro+e%'%im#$&)ne'men&e o&r' in*orm'+in 'di+ion'$ (ro+eden&e de #n' e%&'+in &erre%&re %i&#'d' en #n$#g'r +er+'no , re+ono+ido (or e$ re+e(&or.

E$ =ni+o in+onvenien&e de$ G3 9i*eren+i'$ e% #e $' %e:'$ #e emi&e $' e%&'+in &erre%&re +#bre%o$'men&e #n r'dio '(ro>im'do de #no% 200 i$me&ro%. No ob%&'n&e e%e r'ngo e% m)% #e

%#*i+ien&e ('r' re'$i@'r #n' m'niobr' de '(ro>im'+in ,

'&erri@'?e de #n 'vin ' #n 'ero(#er&o.

E$ %i%&em' de n'veg'+in G3 ' ido evo$#+ion'ndo +on e$ &iem(o , %e 'n im($emen&'do'($i+'+ione% ' di*eren&e% )re'% #e in+$#%o re#iere de m',ore% (re+i%ione%.

A$g#n'% de $'% )re'% #e re#ieren de m',or (re+i%in %on en $' ingenier/' +ivi$ geo$og/'miner/' n'veg'+in e&+.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL5




9ebido ' e%&o% re#erimien&o% %e ' im($emen&'do $' &+ni+' de G3 di*eren+i'$ o 9G9 #ered#+en %#%&'n+i'$men&e e$ error b'%'do en $' ide' de #e e% (o%ib$e red#+ir e$ error %i %e#&i$i@'n o +orre$'+ion'n $'% di%&in&'% medid'% de do% o m)% re+e(&ore% G3 $o% mi%mo% %'&$i&e%

A(rove+'ndo $' (ro(ied'd de #e do% re+e(&ore% %i&#'do% $o %#*i+ien&emen&e +er+' re+ibir)n $o%mi%mo% errore% %i%&em)&i+o% e$ error de (o%i+ion'mien&o (#ede red#+ir%e de $' %ig#ien&e *orm'

Un re+e(&or G3 %e %i&=' en #n' $o+'$i@'+in e%&)&i+' +#,' (re+i%in %e +ono+e +on 'b%o$#&' (re+i%in. A e%&e re+e(&or $e $$'m' e%&'+in b'%e o de re*eren+i'

En &odo momen&o $' e%&'+in de re*eren+i' +'$+#$' %# (o%i+in ' ('r&ir de G3 (or $o #e %een+#en&r' en +ondi+ione% de ev'$#'r $'% +ondi+ione% ne+e%'ri'%.

L'% medid'% d $o% dem)% re+e(&ore% G3 %e modi*i+'n +on $'% +orre++ione% e*e+&#'d'% (or $'e%&'+in de re*eren+i'

INGENIERÍA CIVIL6




E$ 9G3 59i**eren&i'$ G36 o G3 di*eren+i'$ e% #n %i%&em' #e (ro(or+ion' ' $o%re+e(&ore% de G3 +orre++ione% de $o% d'&o% re+ibido% de $o% %'&$i&e% G3 +on e$ *in de (ro(or+ion'r #n' m',or (re+i%in en $' (o%i+in +'$+#$'d'.

E$ *#nd'men&o r'di+' en e$ e+o de #e $o% errore% (rod#+ido% (or e$ %i%&em' G3 '*e+&'n (or ig#'$ 5o de *orm' m#, %imi$'r6 ' $o% re+e(&ore% %i&#'do% (r>imo% en&re %/. Lo% errore%e%&)n *#er&emen&e +orre$'+ion'do% en $o% re+e(&ore% (r>imo%.

Un re+e(&or G3 *i?o en &ierr' 5re*eren+i'6 #e +ono+e e>'+&'men&e %# (o%i+in b'%)ndo%e eno&r'% &+ni+'% re+ibe $' (o%i+in d'd' (or e$ %i%&em' G3 , (#ede +'$+#$'r $o% errore% (rod#+ido% (or e$ %i%&em' G3 +om('r)ndo$' +on $' %#,' +ono+id' de 'n&em'no. E%&e re+e(&or &r'n%mi&e $' +orre++in de errore% ' $o% re+e(&ore% (r>imo% ' $ , '%/ e%&o% (#eden ' %# ve@+orregir &'mbin $o% errore% (rod#+ido% (or e$ %i%&em' den&ro de$ )re' de +ober&#r' de&r'n%mi%in de %e:'$e% de$ e#i(o G3 de re*eren+i'. En %#m' $' e%&r#+&#r' 9G3 #ed'r/' de$' %ig#ien&e m'ner'

Esta"i*# M!#it!+i,ada '+e-e+e#"ia)

Cono+e %# (o%i+in +on #n' (re+i%in m#, '$&'. E%&' e%&'+in e%&) +om(#e%&' (or

Un re+e(&or G3.

Un mi+ro(ro+e%'dor ('r' +'$+#$'r $o% errore% de$ %i%&em' G3 , ('r' gener'r $'e%&r#+&#r' de$ men%'?e #e %e env/' ' $o% re+e(&ore%.

"r'n%mi%or ('r' e%&'b$e+er #n en$'+e de d'&o% #nidire++ion'$ '+i' $o% re+e(&ore% de $o%#%#'rio% *in'$e%.

E#i(o de #%#'rio +om(#e%&o (or #n re+e(&or 9G3 5G3 D re+e(&or de$ en$'+e ded'&o% de%de $' e%&'+in moni&ori@'d'6.

Lo% errore% #e %e e$imin'n #&i$i@'ndo e$ m&odo di*eren+i'$ %on $o% %ig#ien&e%

9i%(onibi$id'd %e$e+&iv' 53A6

Re&'rdo iono%*ri+o.

Re&'rdo &ro(o%*ri+o.

Error en $' (o%i+in de$ %'&$i&e 5e*emride%6

Errore% (rod#+ido% (or (rob$em'% en e$ re$o? %'&$i&e.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL7




'r' #e $'% +orre++ione% 9G3 %e'n v)$id'% e$ re+e(&or &iene #e e%&'r re$'&iv'men&e +er+'de '$g#n' e%&'+in 9G3 gener'$men&e ' meno% de 1000 m. L'% (re+i%ione% #e m'ne?'n $o%re+e(&ore% di*eren+i'$e% %on +en&im&ri+'% (or $o #e (#eden %er #&i$i@'do% en ingenier/'.

9en&ro de$ m&odo di*eren+i'$ , '&endiendo '$ &i(o de '($i+'+in &endr/'mo% #e '+er #n'n#ev' di%&in+in

M&odo di*eren+i'$ +on Cdigo 5(re+i%ione% de 0F m. ' 4 m.6

E%&)&i+o% en&id'de% (#n&#'$e% , nodo% de en&id'de% $ine'$e% , de )re'%

Cinem)&i+o% $ev'n&'mien&o% de en&id'de% $ine'$e% , de )re' %in nodo% in&en+ion'do% e%de+ir $ev'n&'do% (or &iem(o de m'ner' '#&om)&i+'.

M&odo di*eren+i'$ +on medid'% de *'%e 5(re+i%ione% de 4 mm. ' F0 mm.6

'6 M"O9O E3"H"ICO

Estti"!Lo% re+e(&ore% %e #ed'n *i?o% %obre $'% re%(e+&iv'% e%&'+ione%. E% e$ m&odo de (o%i+ion'mien&o +$)%i+o de ob%erv'+in de medid'% de $/ne'% %#(eriore% ' 14 m +one$ m)>imo de (re+i%in. L' medi+in e%&)&i+' ' %ido d#r'n&e ':o% e$ %o(or&e (rin+i('$de G3. E% $' m)% %en+i$$' (ero $' m)% $en&' (or $o gener'$ %e re#iere de 1 ' 2 or'% demedi+in o m)% %eg=n $' $ongi&#d de $'% $/ne'% b'%e%.

A m',or di%&'n+i' +orre%(onde m',or &iem(o de ob%erv'+in $' re$'+in e% dire+&'men&e

(ro(or+ion'$.

A%i"a"i!#es

Con&ro$ Geod%i+o.

Rede% N'+ion'$e% e in&ern'+ion'$e%.

Con&ro$ de movimien&o% &e+&ni+o%. Con&ro$ de de*orm'+ione% en di#e% , e%&r#+&#r'%.

No e% re+omend'b$e ('r $ev'n&'mien&o% &o(ogr)*i+o%

/e#ta0as

M)% (re+i%o e*i+ien&e , e+onmi+o #e $o% m&odo% &o(ogr)*i+o% &r'di+ion'$e%.

3#%&i&#,e '$ m&odo +$)%i+o de &ri'ng#$'+in.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL8




"endremo% #e re+ord'r #e $'% +oorden'd'% #e %e ob&ienen e%&)n re*erid'% '$e$i(%oide G3- ;8 , +omo re+ord'mo% &endremo% #e in+$#ir en $' medi+in de e%&)&ri'ng#$'+in '$ meno% F (#n&o% de +oorden'd'% +ono+id'% en e$ %i%&em' donde

#er'mo% d'r n#e%&r'% +oorden'd'% #e (or $o gener'$ %er)n U"M.

Estti"! Rid!.

E%&e m&odo e% #n' me?or' de$ 'n&erior. L' ven&'?' m)% im(or&'n&e e% $' red#++inde $'% d#r'+ione% de $'% ob%erv'+ione% 4 ' 10 min ('r' #n' di%&'n+i' de 10m. 3in emb'rgo e%&' &+ni+' %o$o '$+'n@' nive$e% (&imo% ('r' di%&'n+i'%re$'&iv'men&e +or&'% 54 ' 106 , medi'n&e $' #&i$i@'+in de re+e(&ore% bi*re+#en+i'%.

L'% di%&'n+i'% m)>im'% #e (#eden e>i%&ir en&re $' re*eren+i' , e$ mvi$ %on de

20 m. L' m)%+'r' de e$ev'+in #e %e in&rod#+e e% +omo %e ' +omen&'do'n&eriormen&e de 147 de e$ev'+in

E%&'+ion'mien&o de #n' e%&'+in de re*eren+i' &em(or'$ ob%erv' , '$m'+en'd'&o% de &odo% $o% %'&$i&e% ' $' vi%&' +on&in#'men&e.

E$ Re+e(&or mvi$ %e e%&'+ion' en e$ (#n&o #e %e (re&ende $ev'n&'r.

E%&'remo% en e$ (#n&o e$ &iem(o #e no% indi#e $'% &'b$'% en *#n+in de$ NK de%'&$i&e% di%&'n+i' ' $' re*eren+i' G9O. e&+.

Lo% &iem(o% breve% de ob%erv'+in (o%ibi$i&'n #n' (re+i%in de 4 ' 10 mm. 1 ( ( m . 5EMC6

A%i"a"i!#es

Lev'n&'mien&o% de +on&ro$ den%i*i+'+in.

3#%&i&#,e '$ m&odo +$)%i+o de (o$igon)+eo.

9e&ermin'+in de (#n&o% de +on&ro$ ingenier/' +ivi$ b'%e% de re($'n&eo.

Lev'n&'mien&o de de&'$$e% , de%$inde%.

C#'$#ier &r'b'?o #e re#ier' $' de&ermin'+in r)(id' de #n e$ev'do n=mero de (#n&o%.

A(o,o% *o&ogr'm&ri+o%.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL9




/e#ta0as

3en+i$$o r)(ido , e*i+ien&e +om('r'do +on $o% m&odo% +$)%i+o%.

No re#iere m'n&ener e$ +on&'+&o +on $o% %'&$i&e% en&re e%&'+ione%.

3e '('g' , %e $$ev' '$ %ig#ien&e (#n&o.

Red#+ido +on%#mo de energ/'.

Ide'$ ('r' #n +on&ro$ $o+'$.

No e>i%&e &r'n%mi%in de errore% ,' #e +'d' (#n&o %e mide inde(endien&emen&e.

I#"!#1e#ie#tes

No %e (#ede #&i$i@'r en @on'% de (ob$'+in +er+' de edi*i+io% debido '$ e*e+&om#$&i('& , en gener'$ en @on'% #e no% im(id'n re+ibir +#'&ro o m)% %'&$i&e%.

E%&e m&odo de (o%i+ion'mien&o %e (#ede #&i$i@'r %im#$&)ne'men&e +on e$ e%&)&i+o re'$i@'ndo $'&ri'ng#$'+in +on m&odo e%&)&i+o , $' den%i*i+'+in +on e$ e%&)&i+o r)(ido &'$ +omo %e m#e%&r'en $' *ig#r'.

E$ &iem(o de ob%erv'+in de(ende de $o% %ig#ien&e% *'+&ore%

Longi&#d de $' $/ne'- b'%e.

N#mero de %'&$i&e%.

Geome&r/' de $o% %'&$i&e%. G9O.

Iono%*er'. 9e(ende de $o% di%&#rbio% de $' iono%*er' d/'no+e

Me% ':o (o%i+in %obre $' &ierr'

INGENIERÍA CIVIL10




ARHME"RO3 "IMO3 ARA ME9ICIONE3 9E RECI3IN

E$ %i%&em' G3 (re%en&' #n +on?#n&o de &+ni+'% de $o+'$i@'+in +on diver%o% nive$e% de (re+i%in. Lo% (ro+e%o% (re%en&'do% ' +on&in#'+in %e re*ieren e>+$#%iv'men&e ' $' #&i$i@'+in de$'% medid'% de *'%e% en $'% ond'% (or&'dor'% emi&id'% (or $o% %'&$i&e% de$ %i%&em'. E$ &r'&'mien&ode e%&'% ob%erv'+ione% %e e*e+&=' ob$ig'&ori'men&e en modo di*eren+i'$ de m'ner' #e %ee$imine $o% r#ido% %i%&em)&i+o% re$'+ion'do% +on $o% %'&$i&e% , $o% re+e(&ore%.

ro+e%o% Com#ne% ('r' $o% Lev'n&'mien&o% +on G3.

Ca%i&+a"i*#E$ (ro+edimien&o 'bi&#'$ e% e$ de$ in&er+'mbio de 'n&en'% en #n' $/ne' b'%e de '$g#no%me&ro% (re*eren&emen&e +ono+id'. L'% medi+ione% e*e+&#'d'% +on #n' red#nd'n+i'%#*i+ien&e (ermi&en de*inir #n o**%e& (or 'n&en' , (or *re+#en+i' 5L1L26 '%o+i'do '#n' de%vi'+in &/(i+' #e %e in&rod#+e en $o% +)$+#$o% de $'% $/ne'% b'%e.

La I#sta%a"i*#L' e>(erien+i' dem#e%&r' #e $' in%&'$'+in in+orre+&' e% ' men#do e$ (rin+i('$ mo&ivode error en $o% m&odo% de (o%i+ion'mien&o +on G3.

Ce#t+ad!:L'% 'n&en'% %e +en&r'n +on #n %i%&em' de ($omo (&i+o +on&ro$'do +on reg#$'rid'd.

O+ie#ta"i*#:L'% 'n&en'% e%&)n %iem(re orien&'d'% '+i' e$ nor&e geogr)*i+o ob&enido +on #n' br=?#$'.

A%t2+a de a#te#a:3e e*e+&='n &re% medi+ione% de $' di%&'n+i' ob$i+#' m'r+'borde de ($'no de 'b%or+in.9i+' e&'(' (ermi&e +on&ro$'r $' ori@on&'$id'd de$ ($'no de $' 'n&en' '%/ +omo enmenor medid' $' +'$id'd de$ +en&r'do. 3e e?e+#&'n en do% #nid'de% +en&/me&ro% 5+on #n'

INGENIERÍA CIVIL11

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/mapro/mapro.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos37/brujula/brujula.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/marca/marca.shtml


http://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/conge/conge.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos37/brujula/brujula.shtml


http://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/conge/conge.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/mapro/mapro.shtml




(re+i%in mi$im&ri+'6 , (#$g'd' ('r' evi&'r e$ rie%go de #n error gr've 5&/(i+'men&e e$de+/me&ro6.

C'd' #no de e%&o% e$emen&o% men+ion'do% %e +on&ro$' '$ ini+io , '$ *in'$ de $o% (eriodo% de

medi+in. b6 LANI!ICACIN 9E UNA RE9 9E AL"A RECI3IN

Con%ider'+ione% Gener'$e%

L!#$it2d de %as L3#eas BaseE$ re+e(&or G3 mide $' *'%e en&r'n&e de $'% %e:'$e% di*#ndid'% (or e$ %'&$i&e +on (re+i%in de 1 mm (ero $'% %e:'$e% %e (ro('g'n ' &r'v% de $' '&m%*er' +on%ider'd'+omo iono%*er' , &ro(o%*er'. L'% &#rb#$en+i'% '&mo%*ri+'% degr'd'n $' (re+i%in de$'% ob%erv'+ione%.

L' ob%erv'+in G3 e% #n m&odo di*eren+i'$. Un' $/ne' b'%e %e ob%erv' , +'$+#$'en&re do% re+e(&ore%. C#'ndo 'mbo% re+e(&ore% ob%erv'n '$ mi%mo +on?#n&o de%'&$i&e% %im#$&)ne'men&e $' m',or/' de $o% e*e+&o% '&mo%*ri+o% %e +'n+e$'n. C#'n&om)% +or&' %e' $' $/ne' b'%e m)% %e veri*i+'r) e%&o (#e% $' '&m%*er' #e '&r'vie%'n $'%%e:'$e% re+ibid'% (or $o% re+e(&ore% re%(e+&ivo% &ender) ' %er idn&i+'.

Esta"i!#es de Re-e+e#"ia Tem!+a%es3'bemo% #e e$ &iem(o de ob%erv'+in , $' (re+i%in e%&)n en *#n+in (rin+i('$men&ede $' $ongi&#d de $'% $/ne'% b'%e%. or &'n&o %e re+omiend' minimi@'r$'.9e(endiendo de$ )re' , de$ n=mero de (#n&o% ' ob%erv'r ', #e +on%ider'r $' (o%ibi$id'd de e%&'b$e+er e%&'+ione% de re*eren+i' &em(or'$e% de%de $'% +#'$e% %e r'dien (#n&o%.

L'% $/ne'% b'%e% r'di'd'% de%de #n' re*eren+i' &em(or'$ (#eden %er de v'rio% m. (ero&'mbin ', #e &ener en +#en&' $' (remi%' de minimi@'+in de $ongi&#de%En orden ' $' (re+i%in , ' $' (rod#+&ivid'd e% m)% ven&'?o%o medir $/ne'% b'%e% +or&'%54 m6 de%de v'ri'% e%&'+ione% &em(or'$e% #e medir $'rg'% 514 m6 de%de #n' %o$'e%&'+in de re*eren+i'.

C!m+!&a"i*# de %!s P2#t!s O&se+1ad!sP', #e &ener +#id'do e%(e+i'$ '$ *i?'r e%&'+ione% de re*eren+i' , '$ r'di'r de%de e$$'%+on &iem(o% +or&o% de ob%erv'+in.

3i $' geome&r/' de $' +on%&e$'+in e% m'$' 5v'$ore% '$&o% de G9O6 o %i $'%&#rb#$en+i'% iono%*ri+'% %on 'g#d'% (#ede o+#rrir #e e$ %o*&Q're de (o%&-(ro+e%o no

re%#e$v' 'mbiged'de% o %i $'% re%#e$ve #e $o% re%#$&'do% reb'%en $'%e%(e+i*i+'+ione% de (re+i%in e%&'b$e+id'% ' $'% #e %e '?#%&'r/'n $o% re%#$&'do% en+ondi+ione% *'vor'b$e%.

'r' #n' +om(rob'+in inde(endien&e , +om($e&' v'$en $'% %ig#ien&e% %#geren+i'%

INGENIERÍA CIVIL12




Ob%erv'r $o% (#n&o% #n' %eg#nd' ve@ en #n' ven&'n' di*eren&e e%&o (ro(or+ion'r/' #n' %o$#+in '$&ern'&iv' +on +ondi+ione% '&mo%*ri+'% ,geome&r/' di*eren&e%.

Cerr'r #n i&iner'rio +on #n' medi+in de $' $/ne' b'%e de%de e$ =$&imo (#n&oob%erv'do '%&' e$ (#n&o de ini+io.

Medir $/ne'% b'%e% inde(endien&e% de%de v'rio% (#n&o% de #n' red de e%&'+ione%&em(or'$e%.

3e (#ede ob&ener +om(rob'+in ('r+i'$ #%'ndo do% e%&'+ione% de re*eren+i' en $#g'r de #n' '+iendo bi%e++in. A%/ &endremo% *i?'+in dob$e ('r' +'d' (#n&o (ero +'d'#n' e%&'r) b'%'d' en $'% mi%m'% ob%erv'+ione% de$ re+e(&or i&iner'n&e , en $' mi%m'+on*ig#r'+in de $' +on%&e$'+in ob%erv'd'.

O&se+1a"i!#es Di2+#as ( N!"t2+#as – Medida de L3#eas Bases La+$asL' iono%*er' %e '+&iv' (or $' r'di'+in %o$'r. 9e d/' $'% &#rb#$en+i'% %on m',ore%.Como re%#$&'do de e%&o e$ r'ngo de $ongi&#d men%#r'b$e %e d#($i+' en ob%erv'+ione%no+&#rn'% , (or &'n&o de no+e (odemo% re+or&'r e$ &iem(o de ob%erv'+in ' $' mi&'dde$ #e *#er' ne+e%'rio de d/'.

'r' $/ne'% b'%e% de $ongi&#de% m',ore% ' 20 $o '+on%e?'b$e e% '($i+'r e$ ob%erv'b$eLF #e e$imin' en gr'n ('r&e $'% in*$#en+i'% iono%*ri+'% ' (e%'r de de%&r#ir $'n'&#r'$e@' en&er' de $'% 'mbiged'de%.

Me0!+es Tiem!s de O&se+1a"i*#

A$ ($'ni*i+'r #n' +'m(':' +on #n %o*&Q're #e m#e%&re $'% evo$#+ione% de$ G9O , e$n=mero de %'&$i&e% ob%erv'b$e% ' $o $'rgo de $' ?orn'd' de &r'b'?o (odemo% ver ',v'ri'% ven&'n'% b#en'% di%&rib#id'% ' $o $'rgo de #n (er/odo de 28 or'%.

C!#side+a"i!#es a %a T+a#s-!+ma"i*# a C!!+de#adas L!"a%es'r' $' m',or/' de $o% (ro,e+&o% %er) ne+e%'rio &r'n%*orm'r $'% +oorden'd'% ob&enid'%5G3-;86 '$ 3i%&em' Lo+'$ #e &endr) %# E$i(%oide Lo+'$. 'r' (oder +'$+#$'r ,e*e+&#'r e%&' &r'n%*orm'+in %er) ne+e%'rio in+$#ir en $' red de ob%erv'+in (#n&o% de+oorden'd'% +ono+id'% en e$ 3i%&em' Lo+'$. A%/ +om(rob'remo% $' +on%i%&en+i' de$3i%&em' Lo+'$ , +'$+#$'remo% $o% ('r)me&ro% de &r'n%*orm'+in.

E%&o% (#n&o% 'n de e%&'r e%('r+ido% en e$ )re' de$ (ro,e+&o , 'n de %er '$ meno% F

(ero e% '+on%e?'b$e #%'r 8 o m)%.

+6 LANI!ICACIN 9E UNA MI3IN

• G9O

INGENIERÍA CIVIL13




A,#d' ' v'$or'r $' geome&r/' de $' +on%&e$'+in de %'&$i&e%. L' (re+i%in '$+'n@'b$e e%&'n&o m',or +#'n&o menor %e' e$ v'$or de$ G9O.

G9O &iene '$&ib'?o% ' +'d' $'do de #n' b#en' ven&'n' 5or&o , o+'%o de %'&$i&e%6.

P', #e evi&'r em($e'r E%&)&i+o en e%&o% momen&o% en #e e$ G9O +'mbi'r)(id'men&e.

L'% ven&'n'% (obre% %$o 'n de #%'r%e +omo (#en&e% en&re ven&'n'% b#en'%.

P', #e &ener en +#en&' $o% ob%&)+#$o% #e rodeen $o% (#n&o% donde ob%erv'r (#e% (#eden +'#%'r $' (rdid' de $' %e:'$ de '$g=n %'&$i&e en +on+re&o o gener'r e*e+&o% m#$&i+'mino. En +'%o de #e e>i%&' e%&' (o%ibi$id'd &endremo% en +#en&'en $' ($'ni*i+'+in $' (o%ibi$id'd de no re+ibir $' %e:'$ de$ %'&$i&e en +#e%&in.

"iem(o% de Ob%erv'+in , Longi&#d de $'% L/ne'%-B'%e

E$ &iem(o de ob%erv'+in ('r' '$+'n@'r #n re%#$&'do (re+i%o en (o%&-(ro+e%ode(ende *#nd'men&'$men&e de $' $ongi&#d de $' b'%e de$ n=mero de %'&$i&e%ob%erv'do% de$ v'$or de$ G9O , de$ e%&'do de $' iono%*er'.

Como emo% di+o $'% 'nom'$/'% iono%*ri+'% v'r/'n +on $' or' , $' (o%i+in%obre $' %#(er*i+ie &erre%&re. or $' no+e e$ e*e+&o %e red#+e ' $' mi&'d +on $o+#'$ (odr/'mo% red#+ir &'mbin $o% &iem(o% de ob%erv'+in. E%&o (#ede %er ('r&i+#$'rmen&e in&ere%'n&e ('r' medir $/ne'% b'%e% de 10 ' 20 m.

A meno% de %er e>&rem'd'men&e re%&ri+&ivo e% im(o%ib$e '%ign'r &iem(o% de

ob%erv'+in +on g'r'n&/' &o&'$.

L' '+&ivid'd iono%*ri+' &'mbin de(ende de $' (o%i+in %obre $' %#(er*i+ie de $'"ierr'. 3# in*$#en+i' e% menor en $'&i&#de% medi'% #e en @on'% (o$'re%.

L'% $/ne'% de #no% 14 m de d/' o 20 m de no+e 'n de %er ob%erv'd'%d#r'n&e '$ meno% #n' or' +on b#en' +ober&#r'. 'r' b'%e% de F0 m o m)% %edebe ob%erv'r d#r'n&e '$ meno% 2 or'% ('r' '$+'n@'r #n' (re+i%in de 4 mm D 1 ((m.

"'mbin ', #e &ener en +#en&' #e $o% %'&$i&e% #e e%&n ' di%&'n+i'%

ori@on&'$e% b'?'% %# re+e(+in e%&'r) m)% '*e+&'d' (or $o% e*e+&o% '&mo%*ri+o%.'r' e$ m&odo E%&)&i+o R)(ido %er/' in&ere%'n&e '#men&'r $o% &iem(o% deob%erv'+in %i (or e?em($o do% de $o% +#'&ro %'&$i&e% m/nimo% e%&)n (or deb'?ode 24K.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL14




Ob%erv'+ione% de C'm(o

E%&'+in de Re*eren+i'

L' "o(ogr'*/' G3 e% #n' &+ni+' di*eren+i'$ #e im($i+' +)$+#$o de $/ne'%-

b'%e% en&re e$ re+e(&or re*eren+i' , e$ re+e(&or i&iner'n&e. Como 'br) m#+'%$/ne'% b'%e% medid'% de%de +'d' e%&'+in de re*eren+i' $' e$e++in de e%&'%e%&'+ione% e% de ('r&i+#$'r im(or&'n+i'.

Lo% $#g're% ('r' $'% e%&'+ione% 'n de %er e$egido% en orden ' #e %e '?#%&en 'ob%erv'+ione% G3. Un b#en em($'@'mien&o debe +#m($ir $'% %ig#ien&e%+'r'+&er/%&i+'%

No deben e>i%&ir ob%&r#++ione% (or en+im' de 14K %obre e$ ori@on&e. No debe 'ber en $o% '$rededore% %#(er*i+ie% #e (#ed'n re*$e?'r , (rod#+ir

e*e+&o% m#$&i+'mino. 9eben e%&'r '$e?'d'% de $#g're% de &r)n%i&o %i e% ne+e%'rio %e deber/' (oder de?'r

e$ re+e(&or %$o , de%'&endido. No deben en+on&r'r%e en $o% '$rededore% emi%ore% (o&en&e% 5'n&en'% "V r'dio

e&+6. Lo% re%#$&'do% ('r' &odo% $o% (#n&o% i&iner'n&e% de(ender)n de $' +o,#n&#r' en $'

#e %e en+#en&re e$ re+e(&or de re*eren+i'. or &'n&o %&e debe &ener e$*#n+ion'mien&o '%eg#r'do.

A%eg#r'do e$ %#mini%&ro de energ/'. A%eg#r'd' $' +'('+id'd de '$m'+en'mien&o de in*orm'+in. A%eg#r'd' $' (o%i+in de $' 'n&en'. A%eg#r'd' $' +on*ig#r'+in , ('r)me&ro% de re+e(+in de$ re+e(&or +oin+iden&e%

+on $o% de $o% re+e(&ore% i&iner'n&e%.

Ne+e%id'd de Cono+er #n #n&o G3-;8 E$ +)$+#$o de #n' $/ne' b'%e re#iere +ono+er $'% +oorden'd'% de #n (#n&o de

re*eren+i' (er*e+&'men&e. L'% +oorden'd'% de$ o&ro (#n&o 5Rover6 %e +'$+#$'nre$'&iv'% '$ (#n&o *i?'do +omo re*eren+i'.

'r' #e e$ %o*&Q're de (o%&-(ro+e%o (#ed' re%o$ver +orre+&'men&e $'%'mbiged'de% $'% +oorden'd'% G3-;8 de $' re*eren+i' 'n de +ono+er%e +on#n m'rgen de 40 m %i *#er' (o%ib$e +on 20 m ('r' no in&rod#+ir errore% dee%+'$' de 1 ' F ((m.

En +'%o de no %er di%(onib$e% $'% +oorden'd'% G3-;8 de '$g=n o '$g#no% (#n&o% %e (#ede #%'r e$ o%i+ion'mien&o de N'veg'+in (ero ', #e &ener +#id'do (#e% #n'% +ondi+ione% &+ni+'% de*i+ien&e% , $' (o%ibi$id'd de #e e%&'+&iv' $' 9i%(onibi$id'd 3e$e+&iv' (#eden degr'd'r $'% +oorden'd'% ob&enid'%.Un' (o%ibi$id'd (#ede %er #%'r e$ o%i+ion'mien&o de N'veg'+in en in&erv'$o%de 14 min#&o%.

Ob%erv'+in de #n&o% +on e$ Re+e(&or I&iner'n&e

E% de ('r&i+#$'r im(or&'n+i' ('r' E%&)&i+o R)(ido '%eg#r'r +ier&'% +ondi+ione%

INGENIERÍA CIVIL15




A%eg#r'r #e $o% ('r)me&ro% de $' mi%in 'n %ido +orre+&'men&e e%&'b$e+ido% ,+oin+iden +on $o% de$ re+e(&or i&iner'n&e.

Com(rob'r $' '$&#r' de $' 'n&en'.

re%&'r '&en+in '$ G9O +#'ndo %e ob%erve d#r'n&e (o+o &iem(o. 'r' ob&ener (re+i%ione% de 4-10 mm D- 1 ((m %$o ob%erv'r +on G9O menor ;. "'mbin', #e evi&'r ob%erv'r en $'% ven&'n'% en $'% #e G9O +'mbi' r)(id'men&e (#e% indi+'n +or&o% , o+'%o% de %'&$i&e% e im($i+'n (rdid'% de +#en&' de +i+$o%e% me?or e%(er'r ' #e G9O %e e%&'bi$i+e , medir en&on+e%.

E% in&ere%'n&e re$$en'r o?'% de +'m(o de +'d' (#n&o ob%erv'do +on ('r)me&ro%, +omen&'rio% #e *'+i$i&en $' de&e++in e iden&i*i+'+in de (o%ib$e% errore% eng'bine&e.

III. GPS AS4TEC4 LOCUS

• INDICADOR DE POSICIÓN: No% indi+' #e (odemo% &om'r $'% +onden'd'% de$ (#n&o #e no% e%&) d'ndo de '+#erdo' $' $ongi&#d en #e %e en+#en&re.

5 a+ade! 6 7 8m

9 a+ade!s S 10 m a+ade!s S 14 m

i#di"ad!+ 1e+de s!%id! ;asta 9< 8m

INGENIERÍA CIVIL16




• INDICADOR DE REGISTRO DE DATOS: C'd' ve@ #e ('r('de' indi+' #e ' g#'rd'do 5('r('de' +'d' 10 %eg#ndo%6

INDICADOR DE SAT=LITES.9ebe ('r('de'r en verde ('r' indi+'r #e ,' (#ede d'r (o%i+in en $o% +#'$e% debe 'ber +omo m/nimo 4 %'&$i&e%.

INDICADOR DE BATERÍAS:#ede #&i$i@'r +#'$#ier &'m':o de b'&er/'% en ro?o indi+' #e %e deben +'mbi'r.

DATOS NECESARIOS PARA INGRESAR DATOS AL PROGRAMA:

5. Nombre de$ (#n&o

9. N=mero de %erie de$ re+e(&or

. A$&#r' de$ in%&r#men&o

>. !e+' en $' #e %e v' ' &r'b'?'r

7. Por' de en+endido , '('g'do

9ebe 'ber modo di*eren+i'$ ('r' (oder re'$i@'r e$ &r'b'?o e% de+ir &iem(o +om=n de&r'b'?o en&re e$ re+e(&o b'%e , mvi$.

5.? ANCLAJE DEL TRÍPODE 9.? INSTALACIÓN DE LA BASENI/ELANTE

INGENIERÍA CIVIL17




.? INSTALACIÓN DEL TORNILLO >.? INSTALACIÓN DEL GPS

>.? COLOCACIÓN DEL PROTECTOR 7.? FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL GPS

INGENIERÍA CIVIL18




7.? GUARDADO DEL E@UIPO 7.? TRABAJO DE GABINETEI/. DATOS DE LOS GPS:

UBICACIN 9E LA RHC"ICA 9E CAMOL' e%&'+in de $o% (#n&o% %e en+#en&r' den&ro de $' +i#d'd #niver%i&'ri' ' #n' di%&'n+i' +er+'n''(ro>im'd'men&e 10m. Lo% (#n&o% %e de&'$$'n en $' %ig#ien&e im'gen

9A"O3 OB"ENI9O3

• BA3E

N=mero de %erie 1280

!e+' 1F102014

Por' de en+endido 28T(m

Por' de '('g'do F1F(m

A$&#r' 1.84m

INGENIERÍA CIVIL19




• MVIL re+e(&or

N=mero de %erie 122 !e+' 1F102014

Por' de en+endido 28T(m

Por' de '('g'do F1F(m

A$&#r' 1.T4m

/. PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS:

Ingre%'mo% '$ %o*&Q're ('r' e$ (ro+e%'mien&o de $o% d'&o% Lo+#%W

Cre'mo% #n n#evo (ro,e+&o

'r' e%&e (#n&o i+imo% $'% modi*i+'+ione% de $o% ('r)me&ro% #e %o$i+i&' e$ (rogr'm'

INGENIERÍA CIVIL20




3e de%+'rg'ron $o% d'&o% de$ G3 &'n&o de $' B'%e +omo de$ Mvi$ ' &r'v% de %# +'b$ede d'&o%. En e%&e ('%o %e ve $' im(or&'n+i' de &om'r d'&o% de $' %erie de$ in%&r#men&o ,'#e e%o no% ',#d'r) ' iden&i*i+'r +#)$ d'&o e% $' b'%e , +#)$ e% e$ mvi$.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL21




En&orno de$ (rogr'm' e%&'+ione% de +on&ro$ BA3E X MVIL 5d'&o% de%+'rg'do%6 ro+e%'do% $o% d'&o% %e em(ie@'n ' veri*i+'r +'d' #no ' $o% ('r)me&ro% de$ %o*&Q're

5E%&'+ione% e%&'+ione% de +on&ro$ ve+&ore% ve+&ore% re(e&ido% e&+

En e$ en&orno ve+&ore% +om(rob'mo% %i e>i%&en ob%erv'+ione% en $' de&ermin'+in de+oorden'd'% en e%&e +'%o no% %'$e #n error. Lo #e indi+' #e e$ e#i(o no ' e%&'do e$

&iem(o %#*i+ien&e ('r' d'r (o%i+in.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL22




/I. CONCLUSIONES RECOMENDACIONES:

1. E$ %o*&Q're de (ro+e%'mien&o de d'&o% no %e +on%ig#en en in&erne& (or $o #e #n (er%on' '?en' #e no ',' +om(r'do e$ %o*&Q're de$ e#i(o no (odr) +orrobor'r %#% d'&o% *#er' de +om(#&'dor'% #e no &eng'n e%&e %o*&Q're.

2. E$ e$ev'do +o%&o de $o% e#i(o% '+en #e en n#e%&ro ('/% e$ G3 geod%i+o %e' (o+o #&i$i@'do en $ev'n&'mien&o% +om#ne% (rim'ndo $o% m&odo%+onven+ion'$e%.

F. 3e re+omiend' d'r #no% min#&o% m)% '$ e#i(o de%de #e d' $o% ('r('deo% de (o%i+in ,' #e e%&o g'r'n&i@'r) #e e$ e#i(o (#ed' d'r (o%i+in , evi&'r $o#e %#+edi en e%&' (r)+&i+' de +'m(o 5$imi&'do% (or e$ &iem(o de +$'%e%6

8. E$ %i%&em' G3 geod%i+o (re%en&' #n' gr'n ven&'?' *ren&e ' $o% m&odo%&r'di+ion'$e% den&ro de %#% ven&'?'% &enemo% r'(ide@ *i'bi$id'd red#++in de+o%&e% (re+i%in e&+.

INGENIERÍA CIVIL

Trabajo N_2 Final

Documents

Transcript of Trabajo N_2 Final