Trabajo Especial de Grado_TSU_JM

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jcoailj` mc cfswlmam oìhlagbc" }ai}` ci b` oì}cilm` mc auwciml{akc o`j` ci

ba cxabsaolìc | oablhloaolìc mc b` Uaw}loluai}c)

U`cc haolblmam mc s`" }ai}` uawa cb Uaw}loluai}c ` C}smlai}c o`j` uawa cb ilxcb

Uw`hc`w" Amjlil}wam`w c Lixl}am`) C}` ucwhlbc uscmci cw j`mlhloam` ao`wmc a ba

icoclmam mc ba cjuwca aê o`j` uscmci cw añamlm` `}w` ucwhlbc oìoawao}cwê}loa ml}li}a" c}` xa a mcucimcw mc oÿj` ca `blol}am` u`w ba li}l}solÿi)

B` haolbl}am`wc }lcici cb uwlxlbcfl` mc alfiaw ao}lxlmamc ` cxabsaolìc cfûi cb

uw`fwaja uawa b` uaw}loluai}c mcb osw` | o`bòaw hcona mc wcocuolÿi" n`wawl` ci qsc

3



cwá wcolglma ba cxabsaolÿi" cxabsaw ba ao}lxlmamc | }waijl}lw o`jci}awl |

oablhloaolìc a b` uaw}loluai}c) A }waxì mc ba ncwwajlci}a uscmc uwcci}awc

ja}cwlabc mlfl}abc mc osabqslcw }lu` .xlmc`" ìlm`" uwcci}aolìc" mòsjci}`"

uaqsc}c _O@WJ" c}o),)Ba ncwwajlci}a uscmc oìco}awc a si l}cja mc as}ci}loaolÿi | xablmaw a b`

Uaw}loluai}c" Uw`hc`wc | Amjlil}wam`w cucolhloam` ci sia gac mc ma}` `

mlwco}`wl`) C~l}c ba u`lglblmam mc li}cfwawb` oì si l}cja mc uaf` uawa cb o`gw` mc

liowluolÿi a b` osw` xlw}sabc) _c uscmc li}cfwaw cb _l}cja mc Wcfl}w`

Aoamìjlo` oì c}a ncwwajlci}a uawa ba wcocuolÿi mc ba oablhloaolìc mc ba

ao}lxlmamc ci bêica" aflbl{aim` aê cb uwòc` mc fcicwaolÿi mcb lih`wjc u`w uaw}c mcb

uw`hc`w uawa cw ci}wcfam` ci ba O``wmliaolÿi mc ba A_B)J``mbc afwsua hsiolìc ` oawao}cwê}loa a ilxcb mc jÿmsb`) C}` jÿmsb` ì

limcucimlci}c | oìhlfswagbc4 amcjá mc ba u`lglblmam mc cw naglbl}am` `

mcnaglbl}am`" cfûi ca cb oìxcilci}c)

Uawa cb lixc}lfam`w wcsb}a hao}lgbc cb s}lbl{aw ba ncwwajlci}a mcaww`bbama ci

c}áimawc aglcw}`" J``mbc" |a qsc c mc háolb jaick` }ai}` uawa cb Ssawl` o`j`

uawa cb Amjlil}wam`w mc ba uba}ah`wja4 mc lfsab jaicwa c icocawl` mc}aoaw qsc u`w

}wa}awc mc sia Li}l}solÿi Uûgbloa }`m` b` l}cja mcgci c}aw mcaww`bbam` oì

c}áimawc aglcw}` |a qsc aê b` c}agbcoc cb Mcowc}` ?)?<5)

Aboaioc mc ba Lixcs}lfaolÿi

Cb mcaww`bb` mc ba uba}ah`wja c*bcawilif" gaama ci ba ncwwajlci}a J``mbc" mcgc

cw wcabl{am` ci cb uwljcw cjc}wc mcb añ` 7515)

Ba uwùsc}a mcb _l}cja mc Fc}lÿi mc Auwciml{akc xa a cw mcaww`bbam` uawa ba

Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc" Uw`fwaja Olci}êhlo` ‟ ]coi`bÿflo` ucw}cicolci}c abJO]L" o`j` hsc jciolìam` ai}cwl`wjci}c)

8



OAUÊ]SB@ LL) JAWO@ ]CßWLO@

Wcscña Nls}ÿwloa mc ba Cjuwcsa

Cb Uw`fwaja Olci}êhlo`*]coi`bÿflo` Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc gsoa au`|aw a

b` ÿwfai` | ci}c mc ba Amjlil}waolÿi Uûgbloa Iaolìab uwlioluabjci}c" ci cb

uwòc` mc jlfwaolÿi mc }`m` b` l}cja" uw`|co}` | cwxlol` lih`wjá}lo` a

_`h}vawc Blgwc gaam` ci C}áimawc Aglcw}`" ci oìo`wmaiola oì cb Mcowc}` ?)?<5.añ` 755=," | b` c}agbcolm` ci cb Ubai Iaolìab mc Jlfwaolÿi cbag`wam` u`w cb

Jlil}cwl` .JO]L, ci oìci` oì cb O`jl}ì ]coi`bÿflo`4 | auw`gam` u`w cb

Olsmamai` Uwclmci}c Nsf` Onáxc{ Hwêa)

Ci }ab ci}lm`" uawa maw hlcb osjubljlci}` ab Aw}êosb` =» mcb Mcowc}` ?)?<5" cb

ao}sab Jlil}cwl` mcb U`mcw Uùsbaw uawa Olciola ]coi`b`fêa c Lims}wla Li}cwjcmla

.JO]L," owca cb Uw`fwaja Olci}êhlo` ]coi`bÿflo` mc Lixc}lfaolÿi mci`jliam`

'Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc .A_B,'" jcmlai}c Wc`bsolÿi Iµ 7?6 mc hcona 5=*11*755=" usgbloama ci ba Faoc}a @hlolab mc ba Wcuûgbloa G`blxawlaia mc Xcic{scba" os|`

`gkc}`" cfûi aw}êosb` 7 mcb wcfbajci}` auw`gam` ci af`}` mcb 7558 c cb lfslci}c;

Ba Aoamcjla mc _ h}vawc Blgwc .A_B, }lcic u`w `gkc}` ba uw`jòlÿi"

oauaol}aolÿi | ocw}lhloaolÿi ci cb Áwca mc _`h}vawc Blgwc)

Jlslÿi

H`wjaw }abci}` nsjai` mc ab}a oauaolmam }ìoiloa" oaua{ mc fcicwaw ncwwajlci}a

lih`wjá}loa | `hwcocw cwxlol` oablhloam` ab uaê" ci cb áwca mc ba ]coi`b`fêa mc

Lih`wjaolÿi | O`jsiloaolÿi .]LO,) Amcjá mc uw`j`xcw c lioci}lxaw cb mcaww`bb`

6



cimÿfci`" ba `gcwaiêa }coi`bÿfloa" cb uw`fwc` mc ba Iaolÿi | cb mcaww`bb` mc ba

òlcmam mc ba lih`wjaolÿi | mcb oìòljlci}`)

Xlslÿi

‧ Osjublw oì b` c}agbcolm` ci cb aw}êosb` =» mcb Mcowc}` Uwclmciolab ?)?<5 mc

hcona 7>*17*755=)

‧ Oauaol}aw }abci}` nsjai` uawa cb s`" mcaww`bb`" ù`w}c" amjlil}waolÿi" ci

cb áwca mc `h}vawc blgwc mcaww`bbam` oì c}áimawc aglcw}`)

‧ Ljuaw}lw sia h`wjaolÿi qsc }cifa ab}` ilxcb mc oablmam | c}ì ci oì}ai}c

ao}sabl{aolÿi)‧ H`w}abcocw ba oauaolmam }ìoiloa mcb C}am` | s wcosw` nsjai`" ci cb áwca mc

ba }coi`b`fêa mc lih`wjaolÿi | o`jsiloaolÿi)

‧ Oì}wlgslw oì cb h`w}abcoljlci}` mc ba lihòsb}swa | mc ba lih`c}wso}swa mcb

Uaê)

‧ Ba mcjá qsc bc alfic cb Jlil}cwl` mcb U`mcw Uùsbaw uawa Olciola"

]coi`b`fêa c Lims}wla Li}cwjcmla o`j` ci}c wco}`w mcb Uw`fwaja Olci}êhlo`

]coi`bÿflo` Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc)

Ai}cocmci}cs mc ba Lixcs}lfaolÿi

Cb ucwìab mc Cmsoaolÿi a Ml}aiola / ]coi b`fêa mc Lih wjaolÿi |

O`jsiloaolÿi mc ba Silxcwlmam _ljÿi G`bêxaw4 .7556,4 Silxcwlmam _ljÿi G`bêxaw4

‒Uw`|co}` mc Ljubcjci}aolÿi mc ba Cmsoaolÿi a Ml}aiola Jcmlai}c cb S` mc

]coi`b`fêa mc Lih`wjaolÿi | O`jsiloaolÿi / CAM ‟ ]LO ci ba MO_N‚ 4 ‒ Mlcñaw

sia c}wa}cfla mc ljubcjci}aolÿi mc ba CAM*]LO" a hli mc mlhsimlw cb oìòljlci}

mc ba MO_N | ao}lxaw s ckcosolÿi u`w uaw}c mc ba ja|`wêa mc ba ubai}lbba mc s

uw`hc`wc" mc h`wja mc oì`blmaw uwljcwajci}c cb uw`|co}` ci ba Mlxllÿi" a hli mc

>



cwxlw mc gac uawa s aubloaolÿi ab wc}` mc ba Mlxllìc | mc c}a jaicwa"

li}w`msolw mchlil}lxajci}c a ba S_G ci ba iscxa }cimciola mc ba cmsoaolÿi

jawoama u`w ba fb`gabl{aolÿi‚4 mci}w` mcb Uw`|co}` CAM*]LO ci ba MO_N mc ba

S_G hsc wcabl{am` si bcxai}ajlci}` mc lih`wjaolÿi ci b` ml}li}` mcuaw}ajci}` uawa s u`}cwl`w c}sml` c}amê}lo`4 cb osab limloÿ qsc `b` < uw`hc`wc aubloai ba

CAM*]LO | 71 osw` mlo}am` u`w jcml` CAM*]LO) C}c uw`|co}` wchbcka ci s

uwlioluab `gkc}lx` | ci s oì}cilm` ci fcicwab" sia wcbaolÿi c}wcona ci osai}` ab

uwcci}c uw`|co}` uawa cb Mcaww`bb` mc ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi a Ml}aiola mc ba

Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc" |a qsc gsoa mlhsimlw ba Cmsoaolÿi a Ml}aiola a }waxì

mc ba ]LO)

Ucfai` Obasmla Jawla4 .755<,4 Coscba mc Cmsoaolÿi ]ìoiloa 14 ‒Xliosbaolÿi

mc ba cmsoaolÿi uwcciolab oì ba cmsoaolÿi xlw}sab s}lbl{aim` ba uba}ah`wja J``mbc

uawa fc}lìaw | mcaww`bbaw oì}cilm` mcb áwca ]LO)‚4 ‒ Uwù`wol iaw a b` absji`

qsc cfwcai mcb ilxcb cosimawl` ncwwajlci}a lii`xam`wa | ao}sabc mc si ci}`wi`

xlw}sab qsc bc haolbl}awái ab}cwia}lxa xáblma uawa s cmsoaolÿi sucwl`w ci

oìksiolÿi oì ba jc}`m`b`fêa mc ba cmsoaolÿi uwcciolab )‚4 c}c c `}w` ai}cocmci}c

qsc c}á wcbaolìam` oì cb uw`|co}` qsc c c}á mcaww`bbaim` |a qsc ci ajg` b`

as}`wc s}lbl{ai ba ncwwajlci}a J``mbc o`j` uba}ah`wja4 `}w` j`}lx` mc wcbaolÿi

ci}wc b` uw`|co}` c qsc c}ái cihòam` ab auwciml{akc ci ci}`wi` xlw}sabc4 uawa

hsimajci}aw c}`" c uscmc wccñaw si` mc b` `gkc}lx` cucoêhlo` mcb ol}am`

}wagak`; ‒ Uwù`wolìaw sia h`wjaolÿi qsc ucwjl}a mcaww`bbaw ba naglblmamc uawa

cb auwciml{akc o`bag`wa}lx` ci si ci}`wi` xlw}sab )‚

Ábxawc{ Jawêa K`ì4 .7557,4 Haosb}am mc Olciola _òlabc4 ‒Ljubcjci}aolÿi mc

mlu`l}lx` mc cmsoaolÿi cjluwcciolab mlwlflm` a c}smlai}c }wagakam`wc mcb

Olob` Uw hclìab mc ba Haosb}am mc Olciola _òlabc)‚4 ‒Uw j`xcw cb }wagak

li}cbco}sab as}ÿi`j` | cb as}`*auwciml{akc)‚4 c}c Uw`|co}` wcabl{am` ci cb añ` 7557

u`w ba Silmam mc Au`|` a ba Cicñai{a mc ba Haosb}am mc Olciola _òlabc .HO_, ci

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mc}cwjliama Silxcwlmam }lcic sia js| c}wcona wcbaolÿi oì Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba

A_B |a qsc" cb jlj` xa mlwlflm` a uûgblo` qsc c bc mlhlosb}a al}lw wcfsbawjci}c a

si l}l` ` li}l}solÿi a wcolglw obac4 u`w c` si` mc b` `gkc}lx` mc cc Uw`|co}` c )

| si` mc b` `gkc}lx` ubai}cam` ‒_`bsolìaw si uw`gbcja mc auw`xconajlci}` wcab

mc b` osw` u`w uaw}c mc absji` }wagakam`wc mc HO_" jcmlai}c ba lio`wu`waolÿi

mc ba j`mablmam mc cicñai{a cjluwcciolab o`jgliama oì li}aiola

uwcciolabc)‚) Cb Uw |co}` hsc aubloam` ci ja}cwla mlo}ama mswai}c n`wawl`

ja}s}li`" ` ca" ci oì}wan`wawl` mc ba ja|`wêa mc alfia}swa qsc ì mlo}ama ci cb

iò}swi`4 c c~uwcam` ci cb mòsjci}`" qsc cb auwciml{akc `g}cilm` a ml}aiola" hsc

js| ljlbaw ab `g}cilm` u`w b` c}smlai}c mc cmsoaolÿi uwcciolab)

Uabja Jai{sw Ksai Oawb`4 .7558,4 O`bcfl` _ai Ja}c` mc ba O`juañêa mc Kcû4

‒Chco}` mcb S` mc si J`mcb` mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab ci b` Auwciml{akc" ci

Absji` mc Cicñai{a Jcmla‚4 ‒Cioì}waw cxlmciola mc qsc ba j`}lxaolÿi qsc

jsc}wai b` absji` qsc s}lbl{ai ba jc}`m`b`fêa mc cmsoaolÿi xlw}sab i` lihbs|c

lfilhloa}lxajci}c ci s auwciml{akc)‚4 c acjcka ` fsawma wcbaolÿi oì cb ao}sab

mcaww`bb` |a qsc gsoa mlfl}abl{aw cb uwòc` cicñai{a*auwciml{akc mc b` absji`

mc mc}cwjliama li}l}solÿi | cb jlj` c ciosci}wa c}wso}swam` u`w hac uawa bscf`

o`bòaw ci uw`msoolÿi ba aubloaolÿi)

Xlbbajl{aw _}cbba Máxlba @oaw" Hlfscwcm` Oawjci4 .7556,4 Silxcwlmam mc

Oawag`g` / Xcic{scba4 ‒Ubai Ulb`}` mc Ljubcjci}aolÿi mc Ajglci}c Xlw}sabc ci ba

Haosb}am mc @mì}`b`fêa mc ba Silxcwlmam mc Oawag`g`) Oa`; Alfia}swa _absm |

_òlcmam)‚4 ‒Mcj`}waw ba lihbsciola mc ba }ìoiloa gáloa mc J`mcwaolÿi ci ba

ao}lxaolÿi mc ba j`}lxaolÿi | ci ba chco}lxlmam mc si uwòc` mc auwciml{akc mc

j`mablmam a ml}aiola gaam` ci ba Vcg" oì ba hliablmam mc ahlai{aw si jawo` mc

nsjail{aolÿi ci ba c~}wau`baolÿi mc ba c~ucwlciola ci `}wa alfia}swa mc ba

Haosb}am mc @mì} b`fêa)‚4 b` }wagakam` ci c}c uw`|co}` mc ai}cocmci}c c

lio`wu`waolÿi mc ba ]coi`b`fêa mc Lih`wjaolÿi | O`jsiloaolÿi ci ba Silxcwlmam

15



mc Oawag`g`" wcabl{aim` ba uwscga ulb`}` oì mc}cwjliama oawwcwa | ja}cwla uawa

bscf` liobslw cb wc} mci}w` mcb uw`|co}`4 cb jlj` fsawma ljlbl}sm oì cb

mcaww`bbam` ao}sabjci}c |a qsc" ajg` gsoaw lio`wu`waw ba ]LO ci c}sml`

xlw}sabc ` cmsoaolÿi a ml}aiola uawa aê haolbl}aw cb auwciml{akc a qslcic u`w hab}a mc}lcju` ` u`w l}saolìc fc`fwáhloa c bc mlhlosb}a al}lw a si oci}w` mc c}sml`)

Gascs ]cÿwloas

_ls}cja mc Lih`wjaolÿi

Si l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi c si oìksi}` mc cbcjci}` wcbaolìam` ci}wc ê" qscc cioawfa mc uw ocaw jaisab |/ as}`já}loajci}c ma}`" ci hsiolÿi mc

mc}cwjliam` `gkc}lx`)

C}` cbcjci}` oì}l}s|ci}c mc si l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi ì;

‧ Ucwìa ` wcosw` nsjai`; ba ucwìa qsc s}lbl{ai cb l}cja" lcim` uaw}c

mc ì}`)

‧ Ma}` c lih`wjaolÿi; mc ci}wama" mc ablma | abjaociama)

‧ Ao}lxlmamc)

‧ Wcosw` ja}cwlabc; u`w ckcjub`" o`jus}am`wa" mlu`l}lx`" awonlxam`wc"

c}o)

Si l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi wcabl{a osa}w` ao}lxlmamc gáloa; ci}wama"

abjaociajlci} " Si l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi c si oìksi}` mc cbcjci}

wcbaolìam` ci}wc ê" qsc c cioawfa mc uwòcaw jaisab |/` as}`já}loajci}c ma}`"

ci hsiolÿi mc mc}cwjliam` `gkc}lx`)

_ls}cja Lih`wjá}lo`

Si l}cja lih`wjá}lo` c si oìksi}` mc uaw}c qsc hsiolìai wcbaolìáim`c

11



ci}wc ê oì si `gkc}lx` uwcol`) _s uaw}c ì; nawmvawc" `h}vawc | ba ucwìa

qsc b` sai)

Si l}cja lih`wjá}lo` uscmc h`wjaw uaw}c mc si l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi4 ci c}c

ûb}lj` ba lih`wjaolÿi" s` | aooc` a ba jlja" i` icocawlajci}c c}álih`wja}l{ama) U`w ckcjub`" cb l}cja mc awonlx` mc blgw` mc sia glgbl`}coa | s

ao}lxlmam ci fcicwab c si l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi) _l mci}w` mcb l}cja mc

lih`wjaolÿi na| o`jus}am`wa qsc a|smai ci ba }awca mc `wfail{aw ba glgbl`}coa"

ci}ìoc cc c si l}cja lih`wjá}lo`)

Mlhcwciola ci}wc _ls}cja mc Lih`wjaolÿi | _ls}cja Lih`wjá}lo`

‧ Ci si l}cja lih`wjá}lo` c s}lbl{ai o`jus}am`wa uawa abjaociaw" uwòcaw

|/` aoocmcw a lih`wjaolÿi)

‧ Ci si l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi c uscmci s}lbl{aw o`jus}am`wa" ucw` i` c

icocawl`) Cb aooc` a ba lih`wjaolÿi uscmc cw hêlo` .u`w ckcjub`" sia

ucwìa c cioawfa mc gsoaw ci si awonlxam`w,)

‧ ]ai}` cb l}cja lih`wjá}lo` o`j` cb l}cja mc lih`wjaolÿi" liobs|ci a ba

ucwìa qsc aoocmci ` uw`msoci lih`wjaolÿi mci}w` mcb l}cja) Ba

ucwìa }lcici qsc oauaol}awc uawa ci}cimcw cb hsiolìajlci}` |

uwòcmljlci}` qsc ù`w}a l}cja)

‧ Ajg` l}cja }lcici si uwùÿl}`) U`w ckcjub`" fc}lìaw cb aooc` |

ml}wlgsolÿi mc blgw` sia glgbl }coa" amjlil}waw ba ci}wama/ablma mc

jcwoamcwêa" ucwìab | `}w` wcosw` mc si o`jcwol`" c}o)

_`h}vawc Blgwc

_`h}vawc blgwc" .ci lifbì Hwcc _`h}vawc" asiqsc ci wcablmam c}a mci`jliaolÿi

}ajglìi uscmc lfilhloaw fwa}l" | i` icocawlajci}c blgwc" u`w b` qsc c s}lbl{a cb

17



nluailj` blgwc `h}vawc }ajglìi ci lifbì, c ba mci`jliaolÿi mcb `h}vawc qsc

wcuc}a ba blgcw}am mc b` ssawl` `gwc s uw`mso}` amqslwlm` |" u`w }ai}`" sia xc{

`g}cilm` uscmc cw sam`" oùlam`" c}smlam`" oajglam` | wcml}wlgslm` blgwcjci}c)

_cfûi ba Hwcc _`h}vawc H`sima}lì" cb `h}vawc blgwc c wchlcwc a ba blgcw}am mc b`ssawl` uawa ckcos}aw" oùlaw" ml}wlgslw" c}smlaw" oajglaw | jck`waw cb `h}vawc4 mc

j`m` já uwcol`" c wchlcwc a osa}w` blgcw}amc mc b` ssawl` mcb `h}vawc; ba

blgcw}am mc saw cb uw`fwaja" oì osabqslcw uwùÿl}`4 mc c}smlaw cb hsiolìajlci}`

mcb uw`fwaja" | amau}awb` a ba icoclmamc4 mc ml}wlgslw oùla" oì b` osab c uscmc

a|smaw a `}w`" | mc jck`waw cb uw`fwaja | naocw uûgbloa ba jck`wa" mc j`m` qsc

}`ma ba o`jsilmam c gcichlolc .uawa ba cfsima | ûb}lja blgcw}am jciolìama" cb

aooc` ab oÿmlf` hsci}c c si wcqsll}` uwcxl`,)

@uci _`woc

Ci cuañ`b ‒Oÿmlf` aglcw}`‚" c cb }ìwjli` oì cb qsc c oìòc ab `h}vawc

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j`wabc |/` hlb`ÿhloa ba osabc mc}aoai ci cb bbajam` `h}vawc blgwc)

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mc ba FUB .Blociola Uûgbloa Fcicwab mc FIS, | `}wa blociola blgwc)

1?



Fcicwab Ugblo Blocisc FIS

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wc}wlo}lx` mc ba uwùla FIS FUB) C}` naoc qsc ca lju`lgbc owcaw si uw`mso}`

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jawo` mc cmsoaolÿi gaam` ci cb oì}wso}lxlj` òlab)

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G`blxawlaia mc Xcic{scba" usgbloama cb 7= mc Jaw{` mcb 75554 ci s Oauê}sb` XL Mc

b` Mcwcon` Osb}swabc | Cmsoa}lx` ci cb Aw}êosb` 15> cb osab c~uwca qsc cb C}am`mcgc fawai}l{aw cwxlol` uûgblo` o`j` }abc o`j` wcmc mc lih`wjá}loa4 | b`

oci}w` cmsoa}lx` mcgci naocw s` mc ba iscxa }coi`b fêa uawa cb uwòc`

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uaê…‚)

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lii`xaolìc…‚)

@}w gaajci}` lju`w}ai}c ci cb mcaww bb mc l}cja lih wjá}lo` | ci

cucolab ci ba Uba}ah`wja mc C}sml` a Ml}aiola mc ba A_B" c ba Bc| Cucolab

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13



}waxì mcb jlj`" cwá uciam` oì uwllÿi)

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ab}cwc cb hsiolìajlci}` ` lis}lbloc si l}cja qsc s}lbloc }coi`b`fêa mc

lih`wjaolÿi…" cwá uciam` oì uwllÿi…‚)

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ci cb Aw}êosb` 11" ucia oì uwllÿi cb Culìakc Lih`wjá}lo`" cb osab c qsc ba ucwìa

qsc `g}cifa" wcxcbc ` ml}wlgs|a lih`wjaolÿi cioì}wama ci si l}cja qsc ca

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qsc s}lbloc ba }coi`b`fêa mc ba lih`wjaolÿi o`j` cb mcaww`bbam` ci c}c ]wagak`

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jciolìama)

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osabqslcw jciakc mc ma}` ` cñab mc }waijllÿi ` o`jsiloaolÿi akcia" cwá

aiolìama oì uwllÿi)‚

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Mlolcjgwc mc 755=" ci cb osab c ciosci}wa ja|`w au`|` uawa cb mcaww`bb` mc ba

Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba A_B ci _`h}vawc Blgwc)

Cb Ckcos}lx` Iaolìab mc ba Wcuûgbloa G`blxawlaia mc Xcic{scba" c}agbcoc a}waxì mc c}c Mcowc} " qsc ba Amjlil}waolÿi Uûgbloa Iaol iab cjubcawá"

uwl`wl}awlajci}c" _`h}vawc Blgwc mcaww bbam` oì C}áimawc Aglcw} " ci s

l}cja" uw`|co}` | cwxlol` lih`wjá}lo`)

18



Cb Mcowc}` ?)?<5 c}á c}wso}swam`" ci bêica fcicwabc" mc ba lfslci}c h`wja;

‧ S` uwl`wl}awl` mcb _`h}vawc Blgwc mcaww`bbam` oì c}áimawc aglcw}` ci ba

Amjlil}waolÿi Uûgbloa Iaolìab .Aw}) 1,)

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Ml}wlgsolÿi _`h}vawc Blgwc mcaww`bbam` oì C}áimawc Aglcw}` uawa cb

C}am` Xcic{`bai` .Aw}) 7,)

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`bsolìc" ci b` oa` qsc i` c uscma mcaww`bbaw ` amqslwlw aubloaolìc ci

_`h}vawc Blgwc gak` C}áimawc Aglcw}` .Aw}) ?,)

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‧ Ml}wlgsolÿi _`h}vawc Blgwc mcaww`bbam` oì C}áimawc Aglcw}` uawa cb

C}am` Xcic{`bai` .Aw}) 6,)

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.Aw}) >,)

‧ O`ùcwaolÿi Li}cwiaolìab .Aw}) <,)

‧ U bê}loa mc liobslÿi mcb _`h}vawc Blgwc ci ba Cmsoaolÿi Gáloa |Mlxcwlhloama .Aw}) 15,)

‧ Ubaic | uw`fwaja uawa ba ckcosolÿi mcb Mcowc}` .Aw}) 11,)

‧ Ubaic mc Ljubai}aolÿi uw`fwclxa mcb _`h}vawc Blgwc mc b` ßwfai` | Ci}c

mc ba Amjlil}waolÿi Uûgbloa Iaolìab .Aw}) 17,)

‧ Lmci}lmam | icoclmamc osb}swabc .Aw}) 1?,)

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mcaww bbaw c ljubcjci}aw l}cja wcabl{am` gak oÿmlf` aglcw} ` c}áimawc

aglcw}`4 }ajglìi c jciolìam` qsc mcgci cw oauaol}am` b` cwxlm`wc uûgblo`

16



mlon` ci `}wa uabagwa ba ucwìa qsc bag`wai ci ba li}l}solìc usgbloa) C u`w

c}a wa{ÿi qsc cb mcaww`bb` mc ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab uawa ba A_B c c}á

wcabl{aim` gak` Blis~/Oaialja | oì sia ncwwajlci}a o`j` c J``mbc qsc c

ciosci}wa mcaww`bbama gak` c` c}áimawc qsc ì jciolìam` ci cb Mcowc}`)

1>



OAUÊ]SB@ LLL) JC]@M@B@FÊA

Mlscñ` | J`mablmam mc ba Lixcs}lfaolÿi

_cfûi ba Silxcwlmam Ucmafÿfloa C~ucwljci}ab Blgcw}am`w .SUCB, .7558," ‒ c

ci}lcimc u`w Lixc}lfaolÿi mc Oaju`" cb aiábll l}cjá}lo` mc uw`gbcja ci ba

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uawamlfja ` cih`qsc mc lixc}lfaolÿi oìòlm` ` ci mcaww`bb`)‚)

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mcb Jlil}cwl` mcb U`mcw Uùsbaw uawa Olciola" ]coi`b`fêa c Lims}wla Li}cwjcmla

òswwc ba l}saolÿi uwcci}ama ci ba mchlilolÿi mc Lixc}lfaolÿi mc Oaju` u`wqsc ì}c

mcaww`bb` c mcwlxa mc ba oawciola" ci ba ao}sablmam" mc si _l}cja mc Cmsoaolÿi

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‒Cb Uw`|co}` Hao}lgbc oìl}c ci ba lixc}lfaolÿi" cbag`waolÿi | mcaww`bb` mc

sia uw usc}a mc si j`mcb` ùcwa}lx` xlagbc uawa `bsolìaw uw gbcja"

wcqscwljlci}` ` icoclmamc mc `wfail{aolìc ` fwsu` òlabc)))‚ " c}` cfûi cb

Jaisab mc ba Silxcwlmam Ucmafÿfloa C~ucwljci}ab Blgcw}am`w .@u) Ol}),)

Oìh`wjc ab uw`gbcja ubai}cam` ci cb Oauê}sb` L ci wchcwciola ab _l}cja mc

C}sml` a Ml}aiola mc ba A_B ci cb Jlil}cwl mc Olciola" ]coi`b fêa c Lims}wla

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o`j` Hao}lgbc u`wqsc c c}á uwùìlcim` sia `bsolÿi xlagbc uawa cb uw`gbcja

ubai}cam`" o`j` b` c cb Mcaww`bb` mc ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc aoscwm`

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a b` wcqscwljlci}` | icoclmamc mc ba Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc mcb JO]L)

]lu` ` Ilxcb mc ba Lixcs}lfaolÿi

Ba lixc}lfaolÿi uwcci}ama ci c}c ]wagak Cucolab mc Fwam` c mc }lu`

mcowlu}lxa |a qsc o`juwcimc ba oawao}cwl{aolÿi ` uaw}c mcb ncon` mc ba oawciola mc

si _l}cja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc) Hlmla Awla ci

s blgw` Cb Uw`|co}` mc Lixc}lfaolÿi .7558, c~uwca qsc ‒Ba Lixc}lfaolÿi

mcowlu}lxa oìl}c ci ba oawao}cwl{aolÿi mc si ncon`" hciÿjci`" limlxlms` ` fwsu`"

oì cb hli mc c}agbcocw s c}wso}swa ` o`ju`w}ajlci} ) B` wcsb}am mc c}c }lu`

mc lixc}lfaolÿi c sgloai ci si ilxcb li}cwjcml` ci osai}` a ba uw`hsimlmam mc bòìòljlci}` c wchlcwc‚)

U`gbaolÿi | Jcs}wa

SUCB .@u) Ol}), mcowlgc U`gbaolÿi | Jsc}wa mc sia jaicwa ciolbba | obawa | b`

c~uwca o`j` ‒cb silxcw` ahco}am` u`w cb c}sml`" cb fwsu` cbcool iam`" ba

oawao}cwê}loa" }ajañ` | jc}`m`b`fêa cfslma uawa ba cbcoolÿi mc ba jsc}wa ` mc

b` skc}`" ba alfiaolÿi mc ba silmamc a fwsu` ` mc b` skc}`)))‚) \ u`w b` }ai}`

cb silxcw` mc c}sml` ci c}c oa`" cwá ba u`gbaolÿi qsc uaw}lolua ci b` osw`

mlo}am ci ba Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc a ilxcb iaolìab ci ba Wcuûgbloa

G blxawlaia mc Xcic{scba |" cucoêhloajci}c c }`jawá o`j` jsc}wa b`

uaw}loluai}c mc ba Olsmam Oaul}ab .Ml}wl}` Hcmcwab, qsc wcabl{ai b` osw` ci ba cmc

uwlioluab mc ba A_B | a s xc{ uawa wcabl{aw ba c}amê}loa" ciosc}a ` cb

li}wsjci} qsc c aubloawá uawa c}c mcaww b b cwái cbcool iam`"

auw`~ljamajci}c" ?3 uaw}loluai}c mc osw` mc b` ml}li}` n`wawl` | mêa mc baAoamcjla)

75



]ìoiloas c Lis}wjci}`s mc Wco`bcoolÿi mc Ma}`s

Ba }ìoiloa ì ba ao}lxlmamc cbcoolìama qsc c wcabl{ai uawa qsc a }waxì mc

ba jlja c uscma b`fwaw cb ì~l} mc ba lixc}lfaolÿi4 | cb Li}wsjci}` mcWco`bcoolÿi mc Ma}` c" ljubcjci}c" cb jcml` a }waxì mcb osab cwá wcoùlbama ba

lih`wjaolÿi mc b` qsc c mcca cxabsaw uawa s hs}sw` aiábll4 }`m` c}` ci }`wi` a b`

`gkc}lx` ubai}cam` ci ba lixc}lfaolÿi qsc c c}ì mcaww`bbaim`)

_cfûi Hlmla F) Awla .@u) Ol})," ba ci}wcxl}a ‒c sia }ìoiloa gaama ci si

mláb`f` ` oìxcwaolÿi…" ci}wc cb ci}wcxl}am`w | cb ci}wcxl}am` aocwoa mc si }cja

uwcxlajci}c mc}cwjliam`" mc }ab jaicwa qsc cb ci}wcxl}am`w uscma `g}cicw ba

lih`wjaolÿi wcqscwlma‚) Ba }ìoiloa a s}lbl{aw ci cb mcaww`bb` mc c}a lixc}lfaolÿicwá ba Ci}wcxl}a" | ba jlja c ciosci}wa ci ba obalhloaolÿi mc C}wso}swama `

H`wjab" |a qsc ba uwcfsi}a qsc c wcabl{awái ab ci}wcxl}am`" c}awái uwcmlcñama

ci sia fsêa4 ba wcusc}a qscmawái aci}ama ci si _l}cja mc Ciosc}a Ci Bêica

mcaww`bbam` gak` @uci_`swoc" ba ncwwajlci}a c bbajama Bljc_swxc|)

Cb li}wsjci}` a s}lbl{aw uawa ba `g}ciolÿi mc b` ma}` ` lih`wjaolÿi wcqscwlma ci

osai}` a b` `gkc}lx` ubai}cam` uawa bscf` wcabl{aw cb aiábll mc b` wcsb}am`" cwá

cb osc}lìawl` cb osab c mchlilm` o`j` ‒ba j`mablmam mc ciosc}a qsc c wcabl{a mc

h`wja cowl}a jcmlai}c si li}wsjci}` ` h`wja}` mc uaucb oì}ci}lx` mc sia cwlc mc

uwcfsi}a) _c bc mci`jlia osc}lìawl` as}àmjlil}wam` u`wqsc mcgc cw bbciam`

u`w cb ciosc}am`" li li}cwxciolÿi mcb ciosc}am`w‚ cfûi Hlmla F) Awla .@u) Ol},)

Li}wsjci} qsc cwá mc }lu` Osc}l iawl` mc Uwcfsi}a Ocwwama" c} u`mwêa

mchlilwc o`j` uwcfsi}a ` li}cww`fai}c qsc u`cci u`lgbc ùolìc a cw cbcflma

u`w ba ucwìa qsc c bc c}ì aubloaim` ba ciosc}a)

Ci hsiolÿi a b` `gkc}lx` ubai}cam` ci cb Oauê}sb` L mcb uwcci}c c}sml`" mìmc

c ubai}cam` cb mcaww`bb` mc sia uba}ah`wja uawa cb _l}cja mc Fc}lÿi mcAuwciml{akc mc ba A_B" c cjubcawái sia }ìoiloa | si li}wsjci}` mc wco`bcoolÿi mc

ma}`" mlwlflma cucolabjci}c uawa aboai{aw c` `gkc}lx` uwùsc}`) O`j` |a hsc

jciolìam` ba c}wa}cfla ` cb jì}`m` a s}lbl{aw cwái Ciosc}a cbag`wama a }waxì mc

71



ba ncwwajlci}a Bljc_swxc|" uawa aê amau}awba a ba icoclmam mcb ncon` ` hciÿjci`4

ci ba osab c wcabl{awái uwcfsi}a mc }lu` ocwwama) Ba lih`wjaolÿi ` b` ma}` cwái

`g}cilm` wcabl{aim` ba ciosc}a a b` uaw}loluai}c mc osw` qsc c c}ì mlo}aim` ci

cb }lcju` mc wcabl{aw ì}a ao}lxlmam4 uawa c}` cwá o`bòam` si cibaoc naola bancwwajlci}a Ci Bêica qsc oì}cimwá mlona ciosc}a | oama ucwìa mcgcwá bbciawba)

Bscf` mc wco`bco}ama }`ma ba lih`wjaolÿi cwái `g}cilm` b` wcsb}am` mc msona

Ciosc}a a }waxì mc Bljc_swxc| uawa aê haolbl}aw cb }wagak` c}amê}lo`)

77



CIOSC_]A

Ciosc}a `gwc cb Mcaww`bb mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc

Blgwc .A_B, mcb Jlil}cwl` mcb U`mcw Uùsbaw uawa Olciola" ]coi`b`fêa c Lims}wlaLi}cwjcmla .JO]L,)

Lis}woolìcs; Bca oslmamàjci}c | jawqsc oì sia ‒^‚ ba wcusc}a qsc s}cm

oìlmcwc o`wwco}a | u`w hax`w wcuìma liocwajci}c a oama sia mc ba li}cww`fai}c

qsc a oì}lisaolÿi c bc uwcci}ai;

‧ °_agc s}cm cb lfilhloam` mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab0

* _l * I`

‧ °Na }cilm` s}cm c~ucwlciola oì Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab0

* _l * I`

‧ °Bc fs}awêa uaw}loluaw ci si ]abbcw ` Osw` Xlw}sab mlo}am` u`w ba A_B0

* _l * I`

‧ °Owcc s}cm qsc mcaww bbaim` sia Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab" ba A_B

u`mwêa bbcfaw a jsona já ucwìa0

* _l * I`

‧ °Qsì }lu` mc osw` bc fs}awêa wcolglw a }waxì mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab0

* Ci}`wi` Blis~ * Ncwwajlci}a @hljá}loa * Gac mc Ma}`

7?



Aiáblsls mc b`s Wcsb}am`s

O`j` c}aua hliab ab j`jci}` jc}`m`bÿflo`" c ubailhloa | c~uìc cb ubai

uwcbljliaw mc }agsbaolÿi | c uwòcmc ab aiábll mc b` ma}`" qsc oìl}c ci c~ubloaw o`j` xai a cw uwòcam` b` ma}` wcoagam` mc ba u`gbaolÿi }`jama o`j` jsc}wa

uawa c}c mcaww`bb`)

7=



‧ Fwáhlo` 1

1) ° _agc s}cm cb lfilhloam` mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab 0

Cb fwáhlo` jsc}wa qsc si 66"1=# ùlia qsc _l }lcic oìòljlci}` `gwc cb

lfilhloam` mc C}sml` Xlw}sabc | 77">># I` }lcic obaw` cb lfilhloam` mc c}c }lu`

mc cmsoaolÿi)

‧ Fwáhlo` 7

7) ° Na }cilm` s}cm c~ucwlciola oì Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab 0

C j`}wam` ci c}c fwáhlo` qsc 36"1=# mc ba ucwìa qsc hscwì ciosc}amaAhlwjai nagcw }cilm` ci abfsia ù`w}silmam c~ucwlciola oì Uba}ah`wja mc

Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab u`w cb oì}wawl` =7">8# mc ba ucwìa" Ilcfai nagcw }cilm`

oì}ao}` oì }ab Uba}ah`wja)

‧ Fwáhlo` ?

?) ° Bc fs}awêa uaw}loluaw ci si ]abbcw ` Osw` Xlw}sab mlo}am` u`w ba A_B 0

Ci cb fwáhlo` c jsc}wa qsc ba ucwìa qsc cbcoolìawì ba wcusc}a _l c cb

155#)

‧ Fwáhlo` =

=) ° Owcc s}cm qsc mcaww bbaim` si Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab" ba A_B

u`mwêa bbcfaw a jsona já ucwìa 0

155# mc ba ucwìa ùliawì qsc _l c~l}c ba u`lglblmam qsc ba A_B bbcfsc a

jsona já ucwìa a }waxì mc sia Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab)

73



‧ Fwáhlo` 3

3) ° Qsì }lu` mc Osw` bc fs}awêa wcolglw a }waxì mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab 0

Mc ba ucwìa oìsb}ama c uscmc `gcwxaw ci cb fwáhlo` qsc 85# bc fs}awêa

wcolglw Osw` Xlw}sab mc Ci}`wi` Blis~4 36"1=# cbcoolìÿ ba ùolÿi Ncwwajlci}a

@hljá}loa | 36"1=# mccawêa wcolglw a }waxì mc ba Uba}ah`wja cb Osw` mc Gac mc

Ma}`)

78



OAUÊ]SB@ LX) UW@USC_]A MC BA NLUCWJCMLA

Mc}cwjliaolÿi mc Wcqcwljlci}`s mc ba Nlucwjcmla

Ci c}a c}aua cb mcaww`bbam`w mcb _`h}vawc" c cioawfawá mc mc}cwjliaw ba

icoclmamc uawa ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba A_B;

‧ U`ccw li}cwha{ fwáhloa afwamagbc uawa cb ssawl` | qsc uscma cw amau}ama a

hs}swa jck`wa)

‧ Háolb aooc` | jaick` mc ba aubloaolÿi)

‧ Ncwwajlci}a ` wcosw` uawa wcabl{aw b` osw` | oì}cilm` b` já

li}cwao}lx` u`lgbc .Ona}" H`w`" Fbàwl`" c}o),)

‧ Haolblmam uawa owcaolÿi mc osw` mcmc b` wcosw` c~l}ci}c)

‧ Cb oì}cilm` mc b` osw` uscma cw wcs}lbl{am`)

‧ Sia liowluolÿi | as}ci}lhloaolÿi mc b` uaw}loluai}c ciolbba | cfswa)

‧ Oauaolmam uawa liobslw ml}li}` ucwhlbc .Lixl}am`" C}smlai}c" Uw`hc`wc"

c}o),)

‧ @g}cicw oablhloaolìc u`w uaw}loluai}c xêa Vcg)

Mcsowluolÿi mc ba Uwùcs}a

Cb mcaww`bb` mc sia Uba}ah`wja ]coi`bÿfloa qsc ucwjl}a a ba Aoamcjla mc

_`h}vawc Blgwc uwc}aw cb _cwxlol` mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab ` a Ml}aiola jck`w oìòlmò`j` c*bcawilif4 uawa cb mcaww`bb mc ba jlja cwá s}lbl{am` cb _l}cja @ucwa}lx`

._)@, FIS/Blis~ ci s Ml}wlgsolÿi Oaialja u`w }wa}awc mc sia Li}l}solÿi mcb

C}am` | u`w b` jciolìam` ci ba Gac Bcfabc ci osai}` ab au`|` mcb Mcowc}`

76



?)?<5) Ba ncwwajlci}a s}lbl{ama mci}w` mc c}c _)@ c bbajama J``mbc" ba jlja c

mcowl}a ci ba Gac ]cÿwloa mcb Oauê}sb` LL mcb uwcci}c mcaww`bb`)

A }waxì mc ba ncwwajlci}a" ba Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc u`mwá mlo}aw s `hwcocw

b` jlj` osw` qsc ì ljuaw}lm` mc h`wja uwcciolab ci s li}abaolìc" uawaaê u`mcw bbcfaw a jsona já ucwìa | oì}lisaw ljusbaim` ba `gcwaiêa

}coi`bÿfloa)

J`mcb` ` Mlscñ` mc Li}cwhasc

Ba xci}aia mc aooc` a ba Uba}ah`wja cwá ba qsc c jsc}wa agak` .Ljáfci 1,4

mcgc u`ccw si ssawl` | oì}wacña uawa lifwcaw a ba jlja mc b` oì}wawl` mcgc cw uwclìam` cb g`}ÿi ` blid ‒O`jlcioc an`wa owcaim` sia osci}a‚)

7>

Ljáfci 1



Ba lfslci}c uai}abba c ba xlsabl{awá cb Amjlil}wam`w ci uwljcwa li}aiola" cb

jlj` }lcic aooc` a }`m` b` wcosw` |/` `uol`ic mc ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi

Xlw}sab .Ljáfci 7,)

7<

Ljáfci 7



Mcsowluolÿi mcb M`jlil`

Si m`jlil` c sia h`wja ciolbba mc lmci}lhloaw si `wmciam`w ci Li}cwic} mc

jaicwa ûiloa" a uaw}lw mcb osab c cioì}wawái ba uáflia ucw}cicolci}c a bali}l}solÿi qsc b` u`cc)

B` m`jlil` }lcici si i`jgwc | sia }cwjliaolÿi qsc limloa s ao}lxlmam `

uwòcmciola }cwwl}`wlab) U`w ckcjub`" |an``)o`j; |an`` c cb i`jgwc | )o`j c~uwca

cb ájgl}` mc ca uáflia" o`jcwolab ci c}c oa`) Cb s}lbl{am` uawa cb _l}cja mc

Fc}lÿi mc Auwciml{akc mc ba Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc" cwá jo}l)f`g)xc4 ‒jo}l‚

ì lfba mc Jlil}cwl` mcb U`mcw Uùsbaw uawa Olciola" ]coi`b`fêa c Lims}wla

Li}cwjcmla" ‒f`g‚ u`w }wa}awc mc si ci}c fsgcwiajci}ab | ‒xc‚ u`w c}aw l}sam`fc`fwáhloajci}c ci Xcic{scba)

Oawao}cwês}loas mc Ab`kajlci}`

Cb ab`kajlci}` vcg .ci lifbì vcg n`}lif," c cb cwxlol` qsc uw`xcc a b`

ssawl` mc Li}cwic} si l}cja uawa u`mcw abjaociaw lih`wjaolÿi" ljáfcic" xêmc`" `

osabqslcw oì}cilm` aooclgbc xêa Vcg) C sia aiab`fêa mc nùcmakc ` ab`kajlci}`

ci n`}cbc ` nagl}aolìc mìmc si` òsua si bsfaw cucoêhlo`" ci c}c oa` ba

aiab`fêa ab`kajlci}` vcg ` ab`kajlci}` mc uáflia vcg" c wchlcwc ab bsfaw qsc òsua

sia uáflia vcg" l}l` vcg" l}cja" o`wwc` cbco}wÿilo`" awonlx` c}o) ci Li}cwic} ` já

cucoêhloajci}c ci si cwxlm`w qsc u`w b` fcicwab nùcma xawla aubloaolìc `

uáflia vcg)

Uawa cb ab`kajlci}` mc ba Aubloaolÿi mc C}sml` a Ml}aiola mc ba A_B" c

icocawl` qsc cb Nawmvawc mcb cqslu` osjuba oì ba lfslci}c cucolhloaolìc"

o`j` jêilj`;‧ O`j` _l}cja @ucwa}lx` uawa si _cwxlm`w" c wco`jlcima cb s` mc

FIS/Blis~ u`w mlxcwa wa{ìc" ci}wc ba osabc c uscmc jciol iaw

?5



abfsia" }abc o`j`; C}aglblmam" Wcimljlci}`" Amjlil}waolÿi" _cfswlmam"

Asciola mc Xlws" ci}wc `}wa)

‧ Jcj`wla WAJ =Fg" }`jaim` ci osci}a qsc u`mwêai c}aw oìco}am` 755

ssawl` ab jlj` }lcju` .cb c}ljam` c" mc 1Fg mc WAJ u`w oama 35

ssawl` mcb _l}cja oìco}am`,)

‧ Mlo` Msw` mc 735Fg

‧ Si uwòcam`w O`wc7Ms` mc ?)5 Fn{)

J``mbc c}á mcaww`bbam` uwlioluabjci}c ci Blis~ saim` Auaonc" J|_QB |

UNU" ì}a ì ba cucolhloaolìc uwlioluabc mc _`h}vawc uawa cb ab`kajlci}` mc ba

Vcg _l}c mc ba A_B" a oì}lisaolÿi ì mc}abbama;

‧ Si cwxlm`w vcg) Ba ja|`wêa mc ba fci}c sa Auaonc" ucw` J``mbc mcgchsiolìaw glci ci osabqslcw cwxlm`w vcg qsc ù`w}c UNU)

‧ Sia li}abaolÿi mc UNU qsc c}ì hsiolìaim` .xcwlÿi =)1)5 ` u`}cwl`w," oì

ba lfslci}c oawao}cwê}loa;

‧ FM blgwaw| ao}lxama" oì ù`w}c uawa b` h`wja}` KUF | UIF)

‧ _ù`w}c uawa clìc .clì, ao}lxam`)

‧ Naglbl}ama ba u`lglblmam mc cixlaw .subàm, awonlx`)

‧ J`m` cfsw` .ahc j`mc, mcao}lxam` .oìsb}c b` h`w` ci j``mbc)`wf uawa xcw uw`gbcja oasam` u`w cb 'ahc j`mc',)

‧ Sia gac mc ma}` hsiolìaim`; _c wco`jlcimai J|_QB ` U`}fwc_QB " qsc

c}ái o`jubc}ajci}c ù`w}ama ci J``mbc 1)1) Cb wc}` mc ba gac mc ma}`

cwái ù`w}ama ci hs}swa xcwlìc)

]lu` mc _l}c

Si _l}l` Vcg c si fwai cuaol` mòsjci}ab `wfail{am` qsc ba ja|`wêa mc ba

xcoc c}á }êuloajci}c mcmloam` a abfûi }cja uaw}losbaw ` uwùÿl}` cucoêhlo`)

Na| fwai xawlcmam mc _l}l` Vcg" oama si` cucolabl{am` ci si }lu` uaw}losbaw mc

?1



oì}cilm` ` s`" b` osabc uscmci cw obalhloam` mc jsona jaicwa) B` _l}l`

Vcg ì obalhloam` mc mlhcwci}c jaicwa c}a ì mc aoscwm` a s Asmlciola"

Mliajlj`" Aucw}swa" Uw`hsimlmam" @gkc}lx`" c}o)

Ba Uba}ah`wja mc C}sml` a Ml}aiola mc ba A_B cwá mci`jliam` o`j` _l}l`Cmsoa}lx` |a qsc c}c }lu` mc _l}l` uw`jscxci osw` uwcciolabc | a ml}aiola"

lih`wjaolÿi a uw`hc`wc | c}smlai}c" ucwjl}ci xcw ` mcoawfaw oì}cilm` mc

alfia}swa ` }cja)

Uw`xccm`w mc ba Wcm

Si Uw`xccm`w mc _cwxlol` mc Li}cwic} .` L_U" u`w ba lfba ci lifbì mc Li}cwic}_cwxloc Uw`xlmcw, c sia cjuwca qsc gwlima oìc~lÿi a Li}cwic} a s oblci}c) Si

L_U oìco}a a s ssawl` a Li}cwic} a }waxì mc mlhcwci}c }coi`b`fêa o`j` M_B"

Oagbc jÿmcj" F_J" Mlab*su" Vlhl" ci}wc `}w ) Json` L_U }ajglìi `hwcoci

cwxlol` wcbaolìam` oì Li}cwic}" o`j` cb o`wwc` cbco}wÿilo`" ab`kajlci}` vcg"

wcfl}w` mc m`jlil`" c}o)

Cb Uw`xccm`w mc _cwxlol` mc Li}cwic} uawa cb mcaww`bb` qsc c uwcci}a cwá ba

@hlolia mc ]coi`b`fêa mc Lih wjaolÿi mcb Jlil}cwl mcb U`mcw Uùsbaw uawa

Olciola" ]coi`b`fêa c Lims}wla Li}cwjcmla .JO]L, " mcglm` a qsc cb jlj` osci}a

oì ba uba}ah`wja uawa ab`kaw | uwc}aw cb _cwxlol` a ba aubloaolÿi J``mbc mc ba A_B)

Ks}lhloaolÿi mcb M`jlil`

Ci cb oa` mcb Mcaww`bb` mc ba Uba}ah`wja ]coi`bÿfloa mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba

A_B cwa cb lfslci}c; cms*xlw}sabab)jo}l)f`g)xc) cms*xlw}sabab" c o`bòam` aê u`w

cb lixc}lfam`w u`w cb j`}lx` mc }wa}awc mc Cmsoaolì Xlw}sab mc ba A_B4 jo}l)f`g)xc|a qsc c cb m`jlil` s}lbl{am` u`w cb JO]L" )f`g u`w }wa}awc mc sia Li}l}solÿi mc

F`glcwi` | )xc u`wqsc ba uáflia c cioì}wawá ab`kama ci `wmciam`wc mc Xcic{scba)

?7



Uwòcmljlci}` mc Bòabl{aolÿi

Cb jì}`m` uawa bòabl{aw ba Uáflia Vcg mc Cmsoaolì Xlw}sab mc ba A_B c u`mwá

wcabl{aw a }waxì mc si cibaoc ci cb _l}l` @hlolab mc ba jlja .n}}u;//ab)jo}l)f`g)xc, ` u`w jcml` mc ba Uáflia Vcg mcb JO]L .n}}u;//vvv)jo}l)f`g)xc, ci mìmc nagwá si

cibaoc naola a Vcg _l}c mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab A_B .n}}u;//cms*xlw}sabab)jo}l)f`g)xc,)

Uba}ah`wja mc Mcsaww`bb`

Uba}ah`wja mc mcaww bb` c cb ci}`wi` mc `h}vawc o`jûi ci cb osab c

mccixscbxc ba uw`fwajaolÿi mc si fwsu` mchlilm` mc aubloaolìc) O`jûijci}c cciosci}wa wcbaolìama mlwco}ajci}c a si l}cja ùcwa}lx`4 li cjgawf`" }ajglìi c

u`lgbc cioì}wawba blfama a sia hajlbla mc bcifsakc mc uw`fwajaolÿi ` a sia

Li}cwha{ mc Uw`fwajaolÿi mc Aubloaolìc .AUL u`w s lfba ci lifbì,)

Cb ajglci}c ` _l}cja @ucwa}lx` uawa mcaww`bbaw ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi ci

Bêica mc ba A_B mcb JO]L cwá FIS/Blis~ Jc}aml}wlgsolÿi Oaialja | a s xc{

s}lbl{ama ba aubloaolÿi J``mbc" |a qsc c sia ncwwajlci}a glci wcoìòlma a ilxcb

jsimlab" c mc háolb s` }ai}` uawa cb ssawl` o`j` uawa cb amjlil}wam`w mc ba

uba}ah wja" u`cc oawao}cwê}loa qsc i` ì `hwcolma u`w `}wa ncwwajlci}a

mlcñama uawa cmsoaolÿi xlw}sab4 ba jlja u`mwá cw xlsabl{ama mcmc `}w` l}cja

ùcwa}lx` li mlhlosb}am abfsia)

Uwcgas mc Hiolìajlci}`

Ba uwscga mc hsiolìajlci}` mc ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba A_B

oì}awá mc }wc hac4 ba uwljcwa mc cbba oì }`m` b` li}wso}`wc mc ba jlja uawahajlblawl{awb` oì ba Uba}ah`wja | cosonaw u`lgbc amau}aolìc mc ba jlja a ba

wcab icoclmam" ci c}a hac }ajglìi c}awá uwcci}c cb hs}sw` Amjlil}wam`w mcb _l}l`"

aê o`j` b` cioawfam` mc owcaw b` osw` mci}w` mc ba aubloaolÿi4 cwá lilolama ba

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cfsima hac oì cb fwsu` mc si osw` `bajci}c .75 ucwìa," o`j` uwscga ulb`}

uawa `gcwxaw cb o`ju`w}ajlci}` mc J``mbc4 bscf` mc cw mc}co}ama u`lgbc habba

ba jlja cwái o`wwcflma c lilolawá ba ûb}lja hac ba osab c usc}a ci uw`msoolÿi

hliab ba Uba}ah`wja mc Cmsoaolÿi Xlw}sab mc ba Aoamcjla mc _`h}vawc Blgwc)

Uwòcmljlci}`s mc Ugbloaolÿi

Cb uwòcmljlci}` mc usgbloaolÿi cwá wcabl{am` a }waxì mc ba _l}l` @hlolab Vcg

mcb Jlil}cwl` mcb U`mcw Uùsbaw uawa Olciola" ]coi`b`fêa c Lims}wla Li}cwjcmla

.JO]L, u`w cw cb ci}c sucwl`w a ba Aoamcjla mc mc _`h}vawc Blgwc .A_B, aê o`j`

cwá o`bòam` si Blid ` Aooc` a ba Uba}ah`wja ci ba Uáflia Vcg mc ba A_B)

]lcju` mc Aoocs` mc Aocwm` a ba Uba}ah`wja mc Ugbloaolÿi

Cb Aooc` a ba Uba}ah`wja u`mwá wcabl{awc ba 7= .xcli}losa}w`, n`wa mcb mêa

mswai}c b` 6 .lc}c, mêa mc ba cjaia mlwco}ajci}c a }waxì mcb Blid mc ba jlj` `

u`w jcml` mc ba Uáflia Vcg jciolìama ci cb ê}cj ai}cwl`w)

Aiáblsls O`s}` * Gcichlol`

O`s}` mc Ugbloaolÿi

Cb o`}` u`w usgbloaolÿi aê o`j` u`w ab`kajlci}` i` }cimwá ilifûi xab`w |a qsc

ba Uba}ah`wja c cioì}wawá ci _cwxlm`wc mcb JO]L alfiam` a ba A_B | u`w

oìlfslci}c i` nagwá fa}` wcbaolìam` a c}c auco}`)

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Gcichlol`s Li}aiflgbcs

‧ @u}ljl{aw cb `gkc}lx` mc ba A_B i` `bajci}c oì}lisaw oì b` osw`

uwcciolabc li` an`wa Xlw}sab)

‧ Wcmsolw o`}` mcglm` ab uaf` a Li}wso}`wc uawa osw` uwcciolabc"

an`wwaim` }lcju` | mlicw`)

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