Textos de Psicología Inglés I

8/18/2019 Textos de Psicología Inglés I

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CUADERNILLO DE

TEXTOS ESPECÍFICOSDEPSICOLOGÍA

INGLÉS I

2014


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TEXT 1

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGISTS AND CODE OF CONDUCT

This Ethics Code applies only to psychologists' activities that are part of their scientific,educational, or professional roles as psychologists. Areas covered include but are not

limited to the clinical, counseling, and school practice of psychology; research;

teaching; supervision of trainees; public service; policy development; social

intervention; development of assessment instruments; conducting assessments;

educational counseling; organizational consulting; forensic activities; program design

and evaluation; and administration. This Ethics Code applies to these activities across a

variety of contexts, such as in person, postal, telephone, internet, and other electronic

transmissions. These activities are distinguished from the purely private conduct of

psychologists, hich is not ithin the purvie of the Ethics Code.

Complete te !ollo"#$% &e$te$'e&(

!" This Ethics code applies to ##############################################

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$" The areas covered are ##################################################

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%" The purely private conduct of psychologists is not ###########################

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GENERAL PRINCIPLES

This section consists of &eneral rinciples. &eneral rinciples, as opposed to Ethical

(tandards, are aspirational in nature. Their intent is to guide and inspire psychologists

toard the very highest ethical ideals of the profession.

rinciple A) *eneficence and +onmaleficence

rinciple *) idelity and -esponsibility

rinciple C) ntegrity

rinciple /) 0ustice

rinciple E) -espect for eople's -ights and /ignity


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TEXT 2

Te &)*&t+$'e o! pe$ome$olo%,

henomenology ta1es its start in the fundamental problem of describing accurately and

completely the essential features of everyday lived experience. *y 2everyday livedexperience3 e mean the 1ind of active, engaged experience e have of the orld

throughout the course of our everyday life) hearing the toll of a campus bell, seeing the

smile of a friendly face, grasping a coffee mug by the handle and bringing it to one4s

mouth to sip. These experiences present the orld to us; they do not 5 at least not in the

first instance 5 present our experience of it. *y the 2essential features3 of everyday

lived experience e mean those features that are necessary and sufficient for them to be

experiences, and in particular for them to be the very experiences that they are.

henomenology4s most basic premise is that it is more difficult to capture the essence of

everyday lived experience completely and accurately than one might have thought.

Anser the folloing 6uestions.

!" 7hat is the meaning of 8everyday lived experience49

$" rovide examples of 8everyday lived experiences.

%" 7hat do these experiences not present to us9

:" 7hat do these experiences present to us9

"7hat is the meaning of 8essential features49

TEXT -Te P&,'op+t#' Pe.&o$+l#t,

The psychopath is one of the most fascinating and distressing problems of human

experience. or the most part, a psychopath never remains attached to anyone or

anything. They live a .

A psychopath can have high verbal intelligence, but they typically lac1


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• superficial charm • grandiose sense of self orth

• need for stimulation?prone to

boredom• pathological lying

• manipulative • lac1 of remorse or guilt

•

shallo emotional response•

callous?lac1 of empathy• parasitic lifestyle • poor behavioural controls

• promiscuous sexual behaviour • early behavioural problems

• lac1 of realistic long term

goals• impulsivity

• irresponsibility• failure to accept responsibility for

their on actions

• many short term relationships • @uvenile delin6uency

• revocation of conditional

release

• criminal versatility

There is no actual diagnosis of sychopathy in the /iagnostic and (tatistical anual of

ental /isorders =/("B>, but it is a highly studied area. A psychopath is not the

same as an antisocial personality. Antisocial personalities may or may not be

psychopathic. The antisocial personality is primarily a problem involving a failure to

respect the right of individuals, the la and rules of society. sychopathy involves

poor emotional intelligence, the lac1 of conscience, and an inability to feel attached to

people except in terms of their value as a source of stimulation or ne possessions.

There are many expressions and forms of psychopathy. or instance, a sexual psychopath is one form of a psychopath.

There is a significant amount of evidence to suggest that)

• there may be a genetic influence that creates a psychopathic personality

• adult psychopaths do not benefit from traditional counseling therapy and may in

fact offend again and sooner because of it

• the brain of a psychopath may function and process information differently from

those of non"psychopaths

• less intelligent psychopaths end up in prisons =highly intelligent psychopaths can

run companies>

• psychopathic behaviour may have once had a strong genetic


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A$&"e. te&e /)e&t#o$&(

!" Explain the general characteristics of a psychopath.

$" 7hat are the to signs you may deal ith a psychopath9

%" 7hat is the difference beteen a psychopath and an antisocial personality9

:" 7hat is, in general, the result ta1en ith traditional counseling therapy in adult

psychopaths9

" 7hat is the difference beteen less intelligent psychopaths and highly intelligent

psychopaths9

" Are psychopathic personalities common9

TEXT 4

Psychosis

Definition

sychosis is a symptom or feature of mental illness typically characterized by radical

changes in personality, impaired functioning, and a distorted or non"existent sense of

ob@ective reality.

Description

atients suffering from psychosis have impaired reality testing; that is, they are unable

to distinguish personal, sub@ective experience from the reality of the external orld.

They experience hallucinations and?or delusions that they believe are real, and may

behave and communicate in an inappropriate and incoherent fashion. sychosis may

appear as a symptom of a number of mental disorders, including mood and personality

disorders. t is also the defining feature of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder,

schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, and the psychotic disorders =i.e., brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder due to a general

medical condition, and substance"induced psychotic disorder>.

Causes & symptoms

sychosis may be caused by the interaction of biological and psychosocial factors

depending on the disorder it presents in; psychosis can also be caused by purely social

factors, ith no biological component.


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Schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffectivedisorder

sychosis in schizophrenia and perhaps schizophreniform disorder appears to be related

to abnormalities in the structure and chemistry of the brain, and appears to have strong

genetic lin1s; but its course and severity can be altered by social factors such as stress or

a lac1 of support ithin the family. The cause of schizoaffective disorder is less clear cut, but biological factors are also suspected.

Delusional disorder

The exact cause of delusional disorder has not been conclusively determined, but

potential causes include heredity, neurological abnormalities, and changes in brain

chemistry. (ome studies have indicated that delusions are generated by abnormalities in

the limbic system, the portion of the brain on the inner edge of the cerebral cortex that is

believed to regulate emotions.

Brief psychotic disorder

Trauma and stress can cause a short"term psychosis =less than a month's duration>

1non as brief psychotic disorder. a@or life"changing events such as the death of a

family member or a natural disaster have been 1non to stimulate brief psychotic

disorder in patients ith no prior history of mental illness.

Psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition

sychosis may also be triggered by an organic cause, termed a psychotic disorder due to

a general medical condition. Drganic sources of psychosis include neurological

conditions =for example, epilepsy and cerebrovascular disease>, metabolic conditions

=for example, porphyria>, endocrine conditions =for example, hyper" or

hypothyroidism>, renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, or autoimmune disorders.

Complete te&e &e$te$'e&

!" sychosis can be defined as #########################

$" atients suffering from psychosis sho ######################

%" sychosis may appear as a symptom of ################################

:" Examples of psychotic disorders are ########################


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" sychosis may be caused by ########################

" The potential causes of delusional disorders are #######################

" A brief psychotic disorder is #######################

F" Drganic sources of psychosis include #######################

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