Statistical Annex - OECD · 2016. 3. 29. · international trade over the reference period (200307)...
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Part Four Statistical Annex
Transcript of Statistical Annex - OECD · 2016. 3. 29. · international trade over the reference period (200307)...
Part FourStatistical Annex
List of Tables
Methodology
Table 1 Basic Indicators, 2009
Table 2 Real GDP Growth Rates, 2001-11
Table 3 Demand Composition, 2008-11
Table 4 Public Finances, 2008-11
Table 5 Monetary Indicators
Table 6 Balance of Payments Indicators, 2008-11
Table 7 Exports, 2008
Table 8 Diversi�cation and Competitiveness
Table 9 International Prices of Exports, 2002-09
Table10 Foreign Direct Investment, 2003-08
Table 11 Aid Flows, 2003-08
Table 12 External Debt Indicators
Table 13 Demographic Indicators
Table 14 Poverty and Income Distribution Indicators
Table 15 Access to Services
Table 16 Basic Health Indicators
Table 17 Major Diseases
Table 18 Basic Education Indicators
Table 19 School Enrolment
Table 20 Employment and Remittances
Table 21 Corruption Perception Index
Table 22 Civil Tensions
Table 23 Softening of the Political Regime
Table 24 Hardening of the Political Regime
AfDB/OECD 2010 227
Methodology
!e aggregate �gure for Africa, when reported, does not
include countries whose data are unavailable.
When used, the oil-exporting countries group refers to Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo Dem. Rep., Congo Rep., Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya,
Nigeria and Sudan.
Tables 1 to 6.
Where indicated, the �gures are reported on a �scal-year basis. Figures for Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritius, Tanzania and Uganda are from July to June in the reference year. For South Africa, Namibia and Botswana, �scal year 2009 is from April 2008 to March 2009.
Table 4. Public Finances 2008-11- Tax Effort
Tax e#ort is an index measure of how well a country is doing in terms of tax collection, relative to what it could be reasonably expected given its economic potential. It is a ratio that, by construction, is always positive and either below or above 1. Tax e#ort is calculated by dividing collected taxes by an estimate of how much tax the country should be able to collect given the structural characteristics of its economy. Studies identify the general level of economic development of a country, its openness to trade and the relative importance of agriculture in domestic production as the key characteristics bearing on a developing country’s ability to collect taxes. Empirically, these characteristics are captured respectively by per capita income, the ratio of trade to GDP, and the share of agriculture to GDP.
Table 7. Exports, 2008
!e table is based on exports disaggregated at 6 digit level (following the Harmonised System, rev.1).
Table 8. Diversification and Competitiveness
!e diversi�cation indicator measures the extent to which exports are diversi�ed. It is constructed as the inverse of a Her�ndahl index, using disaggregated exports at 4 digits (following the Harmonised System, rev.1). A higher index indicates more export diversi�cation. !e competitiveness indicator has two aspects: the sectoral e#ect and the global competitivity e#ect. In order to compute both competitiveness indicators, we decompose the growth of exports into three components: the growth rate of total international trade over the reference period (2003-07)
(not reported); the contribution to a country’s export growth of the dynamics of the sectoral markets where the country sells its products, assuming that its sectoral market shares are constant (a weighted average of the di#erences between the sectoral export growth rates – measured at the world level – and total international trade growth, the weights being the shares of the corresponding products in the country’s total exports); the competitiveness e#ect, or the balance (export growth minus world growth and sector e#ect), measuring the contribution of changes in sectoral market shares to a country’s export growth.
Table 10. Foreign Direct Investment, 2003-08
!e UNCTAD Inward Potential Index is based on 12 economic and structural variables measured by their respective scores on a range of 0-1 (raw data are available on: www.unctad.org/wir). It is the unweighted average of scores of: GDP per capita, the rate of growth of GDP, the share of exports in GDP, telecom infrastructure (the average number of telephone lines per 1 000 inhabitants, and number of mobile phones per 1 000 inhabitants), commercial energy use per capita, share of R&D expenditures in gross national income, share of tertiary students in the population, country risk, exports of natural resources as a percentage of the world total, imports of parts and components of electronics and automobiles as a percentage of the world total, and inward FDI stock as a percentage of the world total (Source: UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2009).
Table 11. Aid Flows, 2003-08
!e DAC countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States and the Commission of the European Communities.
Table 13. Demographic Indicators
Infant mortality rate: under one-year-old child deaths per live birth per year.
Total fertility rate: average number of children per woman.
Mortality under age 5: probability that a newborn infant would die before the age of 5.
Table 14. Poverty and Income Distribution Indicators
National poverty line: absolute poverty line corresponding to the value of consumption necessary to satisfy minimum
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subsistence needs. International poverty line: absolute poverty line corresponding to a level of income or consumption of USD1 or USD2 a day.
Gini index: index measuring the intensity of inequality in income or consumption expenditure distribution. Perfect equality leads to a Gini index of zero and maximum inequality to a Gini index of 100. Share of consumption: share of total consumption for a decile of the population ranked by level of consumption.
Table 15. Access to Services
!e Sanitation coverage is the percentage of the population with access to improved sanitation technologies (connection to a public sewer, connection to septic system, pour-%ush latrine, simple pit latrine or ventilated improved pit latrine). !e water supply coverage is the percentage of the population with access to improved water supply (household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected dug well and protected spring or rainwater collection).
Table 16. Basic Health Indicators
Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant would live under the hypothesis that, during its life, the conditions of mortality remain the same as observed at its birth. Life expectancy at birth with AIDS is the estimated average number of years a newborn infant would live under the hypothesis that, during its life, the conditions of mortality remain the same as observed at its birth in particular the characteristics of AIDS epidemic. Life expectancy at birth without AIDS is the estimated number of years a newborn infant would live under the hypothesis of absence of AIDS during its life. Undernourishment prevalence is the proportion of the population that is su#ering insu*cient food intake to meet dietary energy requirements continuously. Food availability is the available nutritious food for human consumption expressed in kilo-calories per person per day (note that the recommended daily caloric intake for an active healthy life is 2 100 calories). Public share of total health expenditure is calculated by de�ning public health expenditure as current and capital outlays of government, compulsory social security schemes, extra-budgetary funds dedicated to health services delivery or �nancing and grants and loans provided by international agencies, other national authorities and commercial banks. Private share of total health expenditure is calculated by de�ning private expenditure as private insurance schemes and prepaid medical care plans, services delivered or �nanced by enterprises, outlays by non-governmental organisations and non-pro�t institutions serving mainly households, out-of-pocket payments, and other privately funded schemes not elsewhere classi�ed, including investment outlays.
Table 17. Major Diseases
Healthy life expectancy at birth is the average equivalent number of years in full health a newborn infant would live under the hypothesis that, during its life, the conditions of mortality and ill-health remain the same as observed at its birth.
People living with HIV/AIDS is estimated whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. HIV/AIDS adult prevalence is the estimate of the adult population (15-49) living with HIV/AIDS. Malaria noti�ed cases are cases of malaria reported from the di#erent local case detection and reporting systems. !ese �gures should be considered with caution because of the diversity of sources and probable underestimation. !e Measles incidence is the number of new cases of measles reported during the reference year.
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Table 19. School Enrolment
Gross enrolment ratio: population enrolled in a speci�c level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the o*cial school-age pupils enrolled in that level. Net enrolment ratio: o*cial school-age population enrolled in a speci�c level of education expressed as a percentage of the total population enrolled in that level.
Table 20. Employment and Remittances
Participation rate: measure of the proportion of a country’s working-age population that engages actively in the labour market, either by working or looking for work. It provides an indication of the relative size of the supply of labour available to engage in the production of goods and services.
Total unemployment: proportion of the labour force that does not have a job and is actively looking for work.
Inactivity rate: percentage of the population that is neither working nor seeking work (that is, not in the labour force).
Table 21. Corruption Perception Index, 2003-09
!e Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is a composite indicator based on surveys of business people and assessments of country analysts. A background paper presenting the methodology and validity of the CPI is available on the Transparency International website: http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/methodology.
AfDB/OECD 2010 229
Table 22 to 24. Political Indicators
!e political indicators were built on information taken from the weekly newspaper Marchés Tropicaux et Méditerranéens according to a methodology �rst proposed by Dessus, Lafay and Morrisson1. Since 2008, the source used to calculate the indicators has changed, now being Agence France Presse. !is introduces a break in the series and comparison of 2008 indicator with past values must be done with caution. !e qualitative information is either computed as 0-1 variables with 0 being the non-occurrence of the event and 1 its occurrence or as 4-value indicators (with 0: non-occurrence, 1: occurrence but weak intensity, 2: medium intensity and 3: strong intensity). From these indicators, three main political indexes are constructed: an index of con%icts, a measure of the softening of the political regime and one of its hardening. !e annual aggregation method has been improved in 2008 and 2009, and applied to all the series. !e average value across quarters is now taken and computed according to the
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maximum quarterly value, constant across countries and years.
In the 2008/09 AEO report, the name of the political troubles indicator was changed to Civil Tensions indicator.
Table 22. Civil Tensions
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Table 23. Softening of the Political Regime
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Table 24. Hardening of the Political Regime
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230 AfDB/OECD 2010
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AfDB/OECD 2010 231
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! http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/855314603046
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