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SOCIOLOGYANTHROPOLOGYSO-AN)Erl d. melitante, MAN, RN

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ociologyDerived from:

Socius: associates

Logus:science or the study

Socius + Logus= science of associates(scientific study of human society)

Define as:

is the scientific study of humansocial relationship with specialemphasis upon groups andinstitution

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This simply means:

it is a study of social interaction

taking place among individual ina social group

it focuses on all kinds of social

interactions (social acts, socialrelationships, socialorganization, and social

processes)

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it does not only describe the

social behavior but it alsoconcerned on the explanation ofsuch social behavior

it also scientifically study socialproblems like race relation,crime, divorce, etc

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Concerns of Sociology:

Social Organization involves the study of family, social

groups, economy, social

stratification, laws, politics, andeducation

Social Psychology

studies human nature andpersonality as the product of grouplife, social attitudes, and collective

behavior

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Social Change and Disorganization

concerned with change in cultureand social relations and theattendant disruption that mayoccur

Population

analyzes population number,composition, change, and qualityas they influence and areinfluenced by the social, economic

and political order

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Human Ecology

deals with the human behavior ofa given population in relation toits environment and theemergence of the spatial

relations between the people andenvironment

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Sociological Theory and Methods

includes theory building and

testing the applicability of theprinciples of group life as thebases for the prediction and

control of the individuals socialenvironment

Applied Sociology

use and application of the findingsof pure sociological research onthe various aspects and problemsof daily life

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The Sociological

Imagination

it is a quality of mind, a capacity tounderstand the interplay of man

and society, of biography andhistory, of self and the world

this is the ability to understand therelationship between ones life asan individual and the social forcesthat influence it

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This will also enables the personto understand and seek solutionsto the confusion and problem in

society

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Anthropology

Derived from:Anthropos: human

Logia: discourse/study

Anthropos+logia= the study ofhumanity

Define as:

a scientific study of humanity, thesimilarities and diversity ofcultures , and attempts to present

an integrated picture of mankind

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Unifying Theme ofAnthropology

Universalism

- all people arefully and

equally humanwhether theybelong to

indigenousgroups orurbanized class

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all the people on earth belong toone species, Homo Sapiens

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Integration

views at all societies as an

integrated part of a large worldsystem

kinship and family, economy, art,

politics, religion areinterwoven to form a socialwhole

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Adaptation

- study how humans are affected bythe surrounding and environmentand what adjustment they make

Holism- this means getting the whole

picture of a phenomenon and the

application of knowledge fromdifferent fields in order tounderstand an aspect of behavior

C d Fi ld f

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Concerns and Fields ofAnthropology

Biological or Physical Anthropology

Evolutionary

-seeks to understand how and why

humans evolve

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BiologicalVariation

-describe andexplains the

pattern of

human diversityand to explainwhy differenceexist as well asthe mechanicsof growth anddevelopment

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SocioculturalAnthropology

-focus on the

social andcultural

inheritance ofhumankind, itsorigin and

history(societies andculture)

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anthropologists

explore society

through itsculture andlifeways in

order to explainculturaldifferences andsimilaritiesbased on thedata gathered

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Archaeology

has the same concerned withsociocultural anthropology,however, archeology is focused

on extinct societies whilesociocultural anthropologyfocused on the existing societies

it tries to reconstruct the culturalevents of the past through thematerial remains

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Archaeology

Prehistoric

Archaeology- study remains

of societies

that did notleave writtenrecords

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Historical Archaeology

- studies remains of societies with

written recordsEthnology

- concentrates on the diverse

cultures of the present throughethnography

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- analyze thestructure and

function ofhumans, therole of theindividual insociety, andthedevelopment of

personality asrelated tocultural

traditions

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Ethnography:

a fieldworkthroughdirect

interactionwith thepeopleconcerned(immersion)

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Linguistics

- the study of human language, itscomplex system of symbols, and itsdevelopment

Descriptive Linguistics- concerned with how language are

constructed and how its parts(sounds and grammar) areinterrelated to form systems ofcommunication

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Historical Linguistics

- focuses on how language growsand change

Sociolinguistics

- centers on the relationshipbetween language and socialfactors (age, class, gender, and

ethnicity)

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Psycholinguistics

-analyzes the ways in which thelanguage affects our behavior,beliefs, values, and thinking, and

in turn how these factors affectour linguistic pattern

Applied Anthropology

-application of the findings

C i f F B t

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Comparison of Focus BetweenSociology and Anthropology

Sociology AnthropologySocial Organization Biological/Physical Anthropology

Social Psychology Socio-cultural

Anthropology

Social Change and

Disorganization

Archaeology

Population Ethnology

Human Ecology Applied Anthropology

Sociological Theory and

Methods

Applied Sociology

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The Relationship Between

Sociology and Anthropology

Similarities:

study everyday occurrences in thesociety (social issues)

interested in the and generaluniformities in social behavior andsocial relationships

attempts to understand the way oflife of various cultural groups

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both exchanges data from theirresearches and studies toconfirm each others results

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Differences:

Sociology Anthropology

Interested in the wider,

complex and changeable

modern societies

Interested on ancient &

simple tribe (connecting the

past to present)

Concerned with socialplanning

Does not give anysuggestion for the future

society

Methods:

Quantitative: statistics,

survey, poll, interviews,

etc

Methods:

Qualitative: in-depth

interview, participatory

observation

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Relation of Sociology andAnthropology to the Other

Social Sciences:

History:

the study of past events and whichattempts to establish the socialcontext that influence people

Soc/Anthro:

seek to show the interrelationshipbetween events and note theregularities or social pattern in

them

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Psychology:

The study of mind, of mentalprocesses, and of individualbehavior

Soc/Anthro:personality can beviewed as influenced not only byones heredity but also by his

socio-cultural environment

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Economics:

The study of production,

distribution and consumptions, aswell as the allocation of thematerial goods and services

Soc:seek to show the effect ofsocio-cultural factors on economicactivities and the consequences for

human lifeAnthro: concerned with the

relationship of economics activities

to society

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Political Science:

Focused on power as embodied informal and informal organizationsand processes within thegovernment

Soc:interested in political behavior,voting behavior, political issues,and the process of decision-making

Anthro:seeks to find theinterrelationship of the polity withother social organization

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