Shah Jahan Presentation

8/13/2019 Shah Jahan Presentation

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WELCOME


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Shah Jahan


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Peacock Throne


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He is considered to be one of the

greatest Mughals and his reign has been

called the Golden Age of Mughals.

Like Akbar, he was eager to expand his

empire. The chief events of his reign werethe destruction of thekingdom of

Ahmadnagar (1636), the loss of Kandahar to

the Persians (1653), and a second waragainst the Deccan princes (1655).


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The name S J ncomes fromPersian meaning "king of the world." Hewas the fifth Mughal ruler

after Babur, Humayun, Akbar,

and Jahangir. While young, he was a

favourite of Akbar. Even while very young, he could be

pointed out to be the successor to

the Mughal throne after the death ofJahangir. He succeeded to the throne upon

his father's death in 1627.


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The name comes from the shape of a

throne, having the figures oftwo peacocks standing behind it, their tails

being expanded and the whole so inlaid with

sapphires, rubies, emeralds, pearls and other

precious stones of appropriate colors as to

represent life, created for the

Mughal Badshah Shah Jahan of India in the

17th century, which was in his imperialcapitalDelhi's Public audience hall,

the Diwan-i-Am. Shah Jahan had the

famous Koh-i-noor diamond placed in this

throne.


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The French jeweller Tavernier, who saw Delhi in

1665, described the throne as of the shape of a bed

(a "takhteh" or platform), 6 ft. by 4 ft., supported by

four golden feet, 20 to 25 in. high, from the barsabove which rose twelve columns to support the

canopy; the bars were decorated with crosses

of rubies and emeralds, and also

with diamonds and pearls.

In all there were 108 large rubies on the throne,

and 116 emeralds, but many of the latter had flaws.

The twelve columns supporting the canopy were

decorated with rows of splendid pearls, and Tavernier

considered these to be the most valuable part of the

throne. Estimates of its value varied between Rs. 40

million (Bernier) and Rs. 100 million (Tavernier).


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Nader Shah invaded the Mughal Empire in

1738, and returned to Persia in 1739 with

the original Peacock Throne as well as manyother treasures taken from the Mughal

emperor Muhammad Shah.


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Mumtaz Mahal

Mumtz Mahal(April, 1593 - 17 June 1631) meaning"beloved ornament of the palace" is the commonnickname of rjumand Banu Begum, an Empressof India during the Mughal Dynasty.

She was born in Agra, India. Her father wasthe Persian noble Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, the brother

of Empress Nur Jehan (who subsequently became the

wife of the emperor Jahangir).

She was religiously a Shi'aMuslim. She was married at

the age of 19, on 10 May 1612, to Prince Khurram,

who would later ascend the Peacock

Throne as Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan I.


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She was his third wife, and became his favorite.

She died in Burhanpur in the Deccan (now

in Madhya Pradesh) during the birth of their

fourteenth child, a daughter named Gauhara

Begum. Her body remained at Burhanpur for

23 years until the Taj was completed. Only thenwas her coffin shifted to Agra. Her body was

then buried in the TajMahal in Agra.


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Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal (also " the Taj" ) isconsidered the f inest example of Mughal

architectu re, a sty le that comb ines elements

from Persian, Indian,and Islam ic arch itectu ral sty les.

In 1983, the Taj Mahal became

a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was

ci ted as " the jewel of Musl im art in Ind ia and

one of the un iversally adm ired masterpieces

of the world 's her i tage.


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hahjahanabadDelhi went into something of an eclipse from the

time of Humayun's Delhi to the accession of

Shahjahan, the great Mughal builder who in 1648built Shahjahanabad, the seventh city of Delhi.

Shahjahan's Delhi, is today more visible than all the

Delhi's built before it.

The scale on which he built was also more heroic, as

can be seen from the Red Fort and the Jama Masjid.

The celebrated poet Mirza Galib, maintained the

same fervour and wrote: "If the world is body, Delhi

is the soul". There can be no better attributes for a

city.


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Shahjahanabad was a walled city, and some of its

gates and parts of the wall still stand. The romance

of the bazaars of Delhi can be experienced at its

best in and around Chandni Chowk and its by lanes.

Shahjahanabad was secured and enclosed by about

ten kilometer long well. Ten gates connected the city

with the surrounding region. Lahore gate was the

main entrance for the Red Port besides Delhi Gate.The Kashmere Gate, Calcutta Gate, Mori Gate, Kabul

Gate, Faresh Khana Gate, Ajmere Gate and the

Turkman Gate were the other major links of the city

with the highways.


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A system of Mohallas and Katras was developed

to suit the homogenous community structure.

Shahjahanabad who furnishes a fine example of

secularism which distinguishes it from the bazars

of many historic buildings and temples: The LalJain Mandir from the time of Shahjahan, Appa

Gangadhar Mandir (Gauri Shankar mandir), the

only temple built during Marathi dominion, Arya

Samaj mandir (Dewan Hall), Baptist Chruch,Gurudwara Sisganj, Sunehri Masjid and west end

terminus, the Fateh Puri Masjid. On 9th March,

1739 Nadir Shah defeated Mohammad Shah at

Panipat and entered Delhi.


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He massacred the inhabitants and took

over almost the entire wealth

Shahjahanbad, accumulated by theMughals in India. The Peacock throne,

priceless stones such as Koh-i-Nur and

Darya-i-Nur, fine pieces of art,thousand of horses, camels, and

elephants, and numerous books and

manuscripts was carried among asbooty.


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Till the time the British moved the capital of their

Indian Empire from Calcutta to Delhi, the city

continued to be battered by invading armies, of the

Marathas from the South and Nadirshah, the PersianEmperor, and Ahmad Shah Abdali, the Afghan from

the north. All this, of course, was in addition to the

bitter rivalries and intrigue which destroyed Delhi

from within.

However, immediately after attaining the freedom,

Shahjahanabad revived its old pomp and splendourwhen the first President of free and Democratic

India, Dr.Rajendra Prasad drove in State procession

in Chandini Chowk on 5.2.1950.


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Shah ahan MosqueThe Shah Jahan Mosque was built in the reign

of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is locatedin Thatta, Sindh province, Pakistan. It is included

in the UNESCO World Heritageand has been to

preserved since its entry.

In the town of Thatta (100 km / 60 miles from

Karachi) itself, there is famous Shahjahani

Mosque with its beautiful architecture. This

mosque was built in 1647 during the reign ofMughal King Shah Jahan, also known as the

builder King.


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The mosque is built with red bricks with

blue coloured glaze tiles probably importedfrom another Sindh's town of Hala. The

mosque has overall 100 domes and it is

world's largest mosque having suchnumber of domes. It has been built keeping

acoustics in mind. A person speaking

inside one end of the dome can be heard at

the other end.


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End Of Shah Jahan Reign

SHAH JAHAN, Mogul emperor of Delhi, the fifth of

the dynasty. After revolting against his fatherJahangir, as the latter had revolted against Akbar,

he succeeded to the throne on his fathersdeath in

1627.

It was during his reign that the Mogul power

attained its greatest prosperity. The chief events of

his reign were the destruction of the kingdom of

Ahmadnagar (1636), the loss of Kandahar to the

Persians (1653), and a second war against the

Deccan princes (1655). In 1658 he fell ill, and was

confined by his son Aurangzeb in the citadel ofA ra until his death in 1666.


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Shah Jahanslife, which began in 1592 with

happy ceremonies, wouldnt have ended ina more tragic way. He spent the last eight

years of his life sequestered in a part of the

Agra fort; only Jahanara, his sincere

daughter was allowed to visit him. Yet His

only consolation was that from his prison

window, he could see his unique

architectural work Taj Mahal, though hecouldntvisit.

D i th i ht Sh h J h l h d


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During those eight years, Shah Jahans soul had

always yearned for visiting Taj Mahal where his

beloved wife lay buried and it only rested when he

followed her and was at last buried beside her.The period of his reign was the golden age of

Indian architecture. Shah Jahan erected many

splendid monuments, the most famous of which is

the Taj Mahal at Agra, built as a tomb for his wifeMumtaz Mahal; while the Pearl Mosque at Agra and

the palace and great mosque at Delhi also

commemorate him. The celebrated Peacock

Throne, said to have been worth 6,000,000 also

dates from his reign; and he was the founder of

the modern city of Delhi, the native name of which

is Shahjahanabad.


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