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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

INTEGRANTES:

• ORTIZ LUJAN MARIO• PAREDES PUERTA ALEXANDRA• PEREA ALVA PERCY• PELAEZ RAMOS GIANNINA

PROFESOR:

• Dra. MIRIAM GUTIÉRREZ RAMOS

CICLO:

• VI

BIOQUIMICAII

SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LANUTRICION

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICIÓN

MACRONUTRIENTES

METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO

El balanc nr!"#$c% &' r('l#a )l &'$l$br$% n#r l% !a(#a)% * la $n!(#anr!"#$ca+ #$n 'n $,-%r#an# -a-l n l c%n#r%l )l -(% * )l c%n#n$)% ) !ra(ac%r-%ral. Para n#n)r c%,% (# balanc ( ral$a+ ( nc(ar$% $n/(#$!ar la$n!(#a+ %0$)ac$1n * al,acna,$n#% ) l%( ,acr%n'#r$n#(+ &' 2'n#%( $n3l'*n nl !a(#% nr!"#$c% * n l balanc nr!"#$c%. A(4+ la (#ab$l$)a) ) la c%,-%($c$1nc%r-%ral c%n ,an#n$,$n#% ,#ab1l$c% ,)$a)a -%r la $n('l$na+ 0$! &' 5a*a 'na

$n!(#a a)c'a)a ) cal%r4a(. La !ananc$a ) -(% -') %r$!$nar( -%r 'n balancnr!"#$c% -%($#$/% *6% )(&'$l$br$% n#r l%( ,acr%n'#r$n#( $n!r$)%( n la )$#a.7

Carbohidratos

La $n!(#a ) carb%5$)ra#%( rc%,n)a)a ( ) a-r%0$,a)a,n# 'n 889 )la( cal%r4a( #%#al( )$ar$a(. La !l'c%(a r('l#an# ) la )$!(#$1n ) ( carb%5$)ra#%( al,acna)a n l 54!a)% * ,(c'l%( c%,% -%l4,r% ra,$3$ca)% !l'c1!n%. El!l'c1!n% 5-;#$c% c%rr(-%n) a a-r%0$,a)a,n# al <9 ) la ,a(a 5-;#$ca * la,a(a ,'(c'lar al 79. S$n ,bar!%+ la( r(r/a( ) !l'c1!n% ,'(c'lar (%n = % >

/c( ,a*%r( &' l 5-;#$c%+ -%r l 5c5% &' l #2$)% ,'(c'lar -r(n#a 'na,a(a #%#al n l %r!an$(,% ,a*%r &' l 54!a)%. El !l'c1!n% al,acna)% n l54!a)% #$n la 3'nc$1n ) ,an#n$,$n#% ) la !l$c,$a. E(# )-1($#% ( ('3$c$n# -ara ,an#nr la !l$c,$a ) 7? a 7@ 5%ra( n a*'n%. C%,% l %r!an$(,% (#;($,-r '#$l$an)% !l'c%(a c%,% nr!4a+ l !l'c1!n% 5-;#$c% nc($#a (r c%n(#an#,n# r-'(#% -%r ,)$% ) la al$,n#ac$1n+ *a &' #al )-1($#% ( -&'%. En $n)$/$)'%( n% )$ab"#$c%(+ la l/ac$1n !l$c",$ca r('l#a ) 'n a',n#%) la -r%)'cc$1n ) $n('l$na+ 3a/%rc$n)% &' la #a(a ) %0$)ac$1n ) la !l'c%(a (aal#a * la %0$)ac$1n ) l4-$)%( ( ('-r$,a. A(4+ la( r(r/a( ) carb%5$)ra#%( -')n3l%#ar al#a,n#+ c'an)% ( c%,-aran a %#r%( ,acr%n'#r$n#(.7

E(#')$%( /r$3$car%n 'na al#a c%rrlac$1n -%($#$/a n#r (ac$)a) * l ;ra ba2% lac'r/a ) la( r(-'(#a( !l$c",$ca( $n('l$n",$ca(+ 3c#% #"r,$c% ) la )$#a *%0$)ac$1n ) carb%5$)ra#%(. A(4+ )(-'"( ) 'na c%,$)a 5$-r!l'c4)$ca n &' la#a(a ) %0$)ac$1n ) la !l'c%(a ( al#a+ la (n(ac$1n ) (ac$)a) #a,b$"n ( al#a. P%r %#r% la)%+ n ($#'ac$%n( n &' 5a* )-lc$1n ) la( r(r/a( ) !l'c1!n%+ la #a(a) %0$)ac$1n ) la !l'c%(a )$(,$n'* * la (n(ac$1n ) 5a,br ,-$a a a',n#ar.

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

A(4+ l c%n(',% ) )$#a( r$ca( n carb%5$)ra#%(+ )an c%,% r('l#a)% ,a*%r(n$/l( ) $n('l$na+ * c%,% c%n(c'nc$a+ 'na r)'cc$1n ) l%( -'n#a2(rlac$%na)%( al 5a,br * al )(% -r%(-c#$/% ) c%n(',$r al$,n#%( * 'n a',n#%n l !a(#% nr!"#$c% -%r l 3c#% #"r,$c% )l al$,n#% .7

D ac'r)% c%n al!'n%( a'#%r(+ la( r(-'(#a( 3$($%l1!$ca( &' r!'lan la $n!(#aal$,n#ar$a -')n /ar$ar ) ac'r)% c%n l #$-% ) carb%5$)ra#% $n!r$)%. A(4+carb%5$)ra#%( )$(#$n#%( -')n /ar$ar la #a(a ) )$!(#$1n * ab(%rc$1n ) l%( ,$(,%(* l ('b($!'$n# 3c#% n l%( n$/l( -la(,;#$c%( ) !l'c%(a $n('l$na. La -r(nc$a ) al#% c%n#n$)% ) a,$l%(a n rlac$1n al c%n#n$)% ) a,$l%-c#$na nla ,%l"c'la )l al,$)1n -') )ar c%,% r('l#a)% 'n ,a*%r c%n#r%l (%br la(ac$)a) * l a-#$#%. Tal 5c5% ( a(%c$a a la )$3rnc$a n#r la ,%l"c'la ) laa,$l%(a * ) la a,$l%-c#$na. M$n#ra( la a,$la(a -r(n#a 'na ca)na l$nal+)$3$c'l#an)% (' 5$)r1l$($( n$,;#$ca+ la a,$l%-c#$na -r(n#a (#r'c#'ra(

ra,$3$ca)a(+ ($n)% 3;c$l,n# 5$)r%l$a)a -%r la( a,$la(( $n#(#$nal(.7

P%r %#ra -ar# la 3r'c#%(a -r%/%ca ,a*%r (ac$)a) &' la !l'c%(a. En#r l%(,can$(,%( c%,-r%,#$)%( n (# 3c#%+ ( -') c$#ar (' r)'c$)a #a(a )/ac$a,$n#% !;(#r$c%+ r('l#an)% n ,n%r( l/ac$%n( ) la !l$c,$a $n('l$n,$a.7

Proteínas

P%r r!la !nral+ la( r(r/a( %r!;n$ca( ) -r%#4na( -')n alcanar alr))%r )'n #rc$% )l #%#al ) c%,b'(#$bl( al,acna)%( n l %r!an$(,%. E(#%( )-1($#%(a',n#an ) #a,a% n r(-'(#a al (#4,'l% ) crc$,$n#%+ !ananc$a ) -(%+5$-r#r%3$a n r(-'(#a al 2rc$c$% 34($c%+ -r% n% a',n#a (nc$lla,n# -%r la',n#% )l c%n(',% -r%#$c%. La -r$/ac$1n nr!"#$ca -') ll/ar a 'na)$(,$n'c$1n ) la( r(r/a( ) !l'c1!n% 5-;#$c%+ 5$-%!l'c,$a * a',n#% )la-#$#%. En a'(nc$a ) $n!(#a al$,n#ar$a+ la 5$-r!l'ca!%n,$a 5$-%$n('l$n,$a%r$!$na)a( -r%,'/n l aba(#c$,$n#% )l (&'l#% carb1n$c% ) la( -r%#4na( -ara la r-%($c$1n )l !l'c1!n%+ -r%c(% (# )n%,$na)% !l$c%!"n($(. P%r %#r%la)%+ #ra( la $n!(#a ) 'na )$#a n%r,%cal1r$ca 5$-r-r%#$ca 5a* %0$)ac$1n )(#a -r%#4na $n!r$)a n 0c(%+ &' (1l% (r;n al,acna)a( n 3%r,a ) l4-$)%(

c'an)% la( cal%r4a( 0c)an la( nc($)a)( )l $n)$/$)'%

El 3c#% ) la $n!(#a ) #r( #$-%( ) )$#a( c%n#n$n)% -r%#4na % !l'c%(a+ % 'na,cla c%,-'(#a ) -r%#4na ,;( !l'c%(a+ n l%( n$/l( ) !l$c,$a $n('l$n,$a3' (#')$a)% n /%l'n#ar$%( (al')abl(+ ) -(% n%r,al. La -r$,ra )$#a c%n#n4a8B ! ) -r%#4na * la (!'n)a )$#a c%n#n4a 8B ! ) !l'c%(a. La #rcra )$#a )$#a,$0#a c%n#n4a 7B+ =B % 8B ! ) -r%#4na aa)$)a( la( 8B ! ) !l'c%(a. En (#(#')$%+ la $n!(#a ) 8B ! ) -r%#4na (%la n% ,%)$3$c1 l%( n$/l( -la(,;#$c%( )

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

!l'c%(a. La( )$/r(a( can#$)a)( ) -r%#4na $n!r$)a( c%n 8B! ) !l'c%(a #a,-%c%,%)$3$car%n la r(-'(#a !l$c",$ca. El a',n#% !ra)'al ) la $n!(#a -r%#$ca 5a(#a8B !+ n% r('l#1 ,;( ($!n$3$ca#$/% &' la r(-'(#a $n('l4n$ca. La (',a#%r$a )l ;ra ba2% la c'r/a ) $n('l$na -ara la( c%,$)a( c%n#n$n)% 8B ! ) -r%#4na ,;( 8B ! )

!l'c%(a+ 3' ,a*%r c%,-ara)% c%n l ) -ar#$c$-an#( &' $n!$r$r%n (%la,n# 8B !) !l'c%(a % (%la,n# 8B ! ) -r%#4na. A(4+ (#a r(-'(#a $n('l4n$ca 3' a)$c$%nal+($n ,bar!% n% ($!n$3$ca#$/a. E(#a( r(-'(#a( n% ($!n$3$ca#$/a( -')n 5abr %c'rr$)% )b$)% a la nc($)a) ) 'na can#$)a) ,4n$,a nr!"#$ca -ara (#$,'lar la(crc$1n ) $n('l$na.

Líidos

Al c%n#rar$% ) l% &' %c'rr c%n l%( carb%5$)ra#%(+ la %0$)ac$1n ) l%( l4-$)%( ( ba2a * (' )-1($#% ( $l$,$#a)%+ $!'al &' c'an)% la $n!(#$1n )l ,$(,% ( l/a)a.

En c%n#ra(# c%n l%( %#r%( n'#r$n#(+ la( r(r/a( ) !ra(a c%r-%ral (%n !ran)( * lacan#$)a) ) l4-$)% $n!r$)% -r;c#$ca,n# n% #$n $n3l'nc$a n la %0$)ac$1n )l,$(,%. A(4+ c'an)% ( c%n($)ra l balanc ) nr!4a ba2% c%n)$c$%n( 3$($%l1!$ca(+l l4-$)% ( l n$c% ,acr%n'#r$n# &' -') ,an#nr 'n )(&'$l$br$% cr1n$c%n#r la $n!(#a * la %0$)ac$1n+ l% &' c%n#r$b'* )$rc#a,n# al a',n#% n lacan#$)a) ) #2$)% a)$-%(% al,acna)%.

E(#')$%( )(cr$bn l -a-l -ara)12$c% ) l%( l4-$)%( $n3l'nc$an)% #an#% la(ac$)a)+ c%,% l (-r c%n(',% * la !ananc$a ) -(%. S!n #al( a'#%r(+ la$n3'($1n ) l4-$)%( -%r /4a n#ral -r%,'/ la )$(,$n'c$1n ) la $n!(#a

al$,n#ar$a+ -%r la )$(,$n'c$1n )l 5a,br * a',n#% ) la (ac$)a). S$n ,bar!%+c'an)% (#a $n3'($1n ( 5c5a -%r /4a -arn#ral+ n% 5a* 3c#%( n la r)'cc$1n )l/ac$a,$n#% !;(#r$c% % n la /al'ac$1n ('b2#$/a )l a-#$#%. E(#%( r('l#a)%(r3l2an la $,-%r#anc$a ) l%( 3c#%( -rab(%r#$/%( $n5$b$#%r$%( ) la $n!(#aal$,n#ar$a+ c%n#ra l%( ,can$(,%( -%(# ab(%r#$/%( &' (#$,'lan l a-#$#% -%r l%(l4-$)%(.

S )b c%n($)rar &' l%( al$,n#%( 5$-rl$-4)$c%( -r(n#an 'na al#a )n($)a)cal1r$ca+ 3a/%rc$n)% 'n al#% c%n(',% ) cal%r4a( -%r -(% )l al$,n#% $n!r$)%.A(4+ )'ran# la $n!(#a ) l%( ,$(,%( ( !nran (al( ) (ac$)a) * la c%,$)a

#r,$na. S$n ,bar!%+ -r(n#an 'na al#a )n($)a) nr!"#$ca ) l%( l4-$)%(+ (#a((al( n% (%n ('3$c$n#,n# 3'r#( -ara -r/n$r la $n!(#a r;-$)a ) !rancan#$)a) ) nr!4a. A(4+ n 3'nc$1n )l 3c#% ln#$3$ca)%r ) l%( l4-$)%( n l/ac$a,$n#% !;(#r$c%+ la( (al( ) (ac$)a) !nra)a( n l $n#(#$n% )l!a)%%c'rrn (%la,n# #ra( 'na !ran $n!(#a ) nr!4a. A(4+ a'n&' 5a*a 'na r)'cc$1n)l #a,a% ) la -%rc$1n ) al$,n#%( 5$-rl$-4)$c%( $n!r$)a+ (#a c%n)'c#a -%r r!la !nral n% ( ('3$c$n# -ara -r/n$r l ('-rc%n(',% ) nr!4a. S )b

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

r(al#ar &' l%( al$,n#%( 5$-rl$-4)$c%( (%n al#a,n# -ala#abl( * -%r ll% -')n3a/%rcr la r;-$)a $n!(#a ) !ran) can#$)a) ) nr!4a -%r la (#$,'lac$1n %ral.

El c%n(',% ) )$#a( r$ca( n l4-$)%( -') c%nll/ar ,n%r( n$/l( ("r$c%( )

$n('l$na+ c%n 'n c%n(c'n# a',n#% n l%( -'n#a2( -ara la (n(ac$1n ) 5a,br *)(% -r%(-c#$/% -ara $n!(#a ) al$,n#%(+ c%n#r$b'*n)% al a',n#% ) la5$-r3a!$a. D l%( ,acr%n'#r$n#(+ l%( l4-$)%( -arcn #nr l ,a*%r -%#nc$al -ara3a/%rcr la !ananc$a ) -(%+ -'( a),;( ) (r ,;( -ala#abl(+ ) ,;( 3;c$l (',a(#$cac$1n+ 2rcn 'n ,n%r 3c#% (%br la (ac$)a)+ ll/an)% al a',n#% )lc%n(',% ) cal%r4a( #%#al( * r)'cc$1n )l !a(#% nr!"#$c%. Al!'n%( a'#%r($n)$can &' la $n!(#a ) )$#a( r$ca( n l4-$)%( -r%,'/ 'n ,a*%r )(% ) c%,r c%,-ara)a c%n la( )$#a( r$ca( n (acar%(a. S$n ,bar!%+ )$#a( r$ca( n l4-$)%( ,;((acar%(a al#a )n($)a) nr!"#$ca ( rlac$%na c%n 'n a',n#% ) la !ra(a c%r-%ral#%#al. E(# 3c#% r('l#a )l ,n%r (#4,'l% 2rc$)% -%r l%( l4-$)%( (%br la

(crc$1n $n('l4n$ca c'an)% ( c%,-ara al 2rc$)% -%r la (acar%(a+ %ca($%nan)% 'na,n%r (ac$)a) * 'n a',n#% )l 5a,br. T%)a/4a+ l ('-rc%n(',% -a($/%cal1r$c%+ 3a/%rc l a',n#% ) la )-%($c$1n ) #2$)% a)$-%(% * la !ananc$a ) -(% c%r-%ral. El 3c#% ($n"r!$c% ) la al#a -ala#ab$l$)a) )l l4-$)% * l (#4,'l% a la -r%)'cc$1n ) $n('l$na -%r la (acar%(a+ -r%,'/ l anab%l$(,% * la )-%($c$1n )#r$!l$c"r$)%( n l a)$-%c$#%.

L%( $n)$/$)'%( %b(%(+ n rlac$1n a l%( n% %b(%(+ #$n)n a c%n(',$r ,a*%r can#$)a) ) al$,n#%( c%n al#% c%n#n$)% l$-4)$c%+ n rlac$1n a l%( al$,n#%( ) ba2a )n($)a) nr!"#$ca al#% c%n#n$)% )l a!'a+ 3a/%rc$n)% l a',n#% )l

c%n#n$)% ) !ra(a c%r-%ral #%#al. A(4+ la $n!(#a 0c($/a ) l4-$)%( 3a/%rc la!ananc$a ) -(%+ c%n#r$b'*n)% a 'n a',n#% ) la $nc$)nc$a ) n3r,)a)(car)$%/a(c'lar(+ )$ab#( * c;ncr. Al!'n%( a'#%r( %b(r/ar%n &' la $n!(#a )'na )$#a c%n 'n c%n#n$)% r)'c$)% ) l4-$)%( n% a3c#a l%( n$/l( -la(,;#$c%( )l-#$na % $n('l$na+ c'an)% l -(% c%r-%ral ( ,an#$n (#abl. En %#r% (#')$%+ (%b(r/1 &' /ar$ac$%n( ) l%( n$/l( -la(,;#$c%( ) l-#$na ( c%rrlac$%nar%n c%nal#rac$%n( n l%( n$/l( -la(,;#$c%( ) $n('l$na n a*'n%+ $n)-n)$n# ) l%(ca,b$%( )l 4n)$c ) ,a(a c%r-%ral * )l -%rcn#a2 ) !ra(a. La )$(,$n'c$1n )l -%rcn#a2 l$-4)$c%+ a(%c$a)% al a',n#% )l -%rcn#a2 !l'c4)$c% -ara )$#a( )

,an#n$,$n#% ) -(% c%r-%ral+ )a c%,% r('l#a)% 'na ,n%r c%ncn#rac$1n );c$)%( !ra(%( c$rc'lan#( * ,a*%r( ) !l'c%(a+ ac#$/an)% !l'c%rc-#%r( ) acc$1n5$-%#al;,$ca -r%)'c$n)% (ac$)a)+ ($n 3c#% c%,-n(a#%r$% n l a-#$#%.7

Para l a)c'a)% ,an#n$,$n#% ) la( 3'nc$%n( %r!;n$ca( * ) la (#r'c#'rac%r-%ral ( nc(ar$% 'n c%n(#an# a-%r# ) nr!4a n 3%r,a ) al$,n#%(. Lanr!4a )$(-%n$bl )'ran# la )!ra)ac$1n ) la( ('b(#anc$a( n'#r$#$/a( (1l% (c%n/$r# -arc$al,n# n #raba2%+ n #an#% &' %#ra -ar# ( #ran(3%r,a

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

$n/$#abl,n# n cal%r+ ) ac'r)% c%n la (!'n)a l* ) la #r,%)$n;,$ca. Larlac$1n ) la nr!4a )$(-%n$bl -ara (' '#$l$ac$1n n #raba2% c%n r(-c#% a lanr!4a #%#al #ran(3%r,a)a+ ( )($!na c%,% rn)$,$n#% % 3c#% #$l. En l ca(% )la ,'(c'la#'ra (&'l"#$ca 5',ana l rn)$,$n#% alcana l ?B=8 9. A),;( )l

#raba2% * )l cal%r -r%)'c$)% 5a* &' c%n#ar #a,b$"n n l ,#ab%l$(,% nr!"#$c%#%#al la nr!4a &' ( ac','la n 3%r,a ) )-1($#%( n'#r$#$/%( * la ,-la)a n l,#ab%l$(,% (#r'c#'ral.7

E( -%($bl )#r,$nar la #ran(3%r,ac$1n nr!"#$ca -%r la -r%)'cc$1n ) cal%r+ -'(n r-%(% c%r-%ral * a #,-ra#'ra c%r-%ral c%n(#an# ( c%n/$r# n cal%r ca($ la#%#al$)a) ) la nr!4a #ran(3%r,a)a. La ,)$c$1n )l ca,b$% nr!"#$c% ,)$an##al -r%c)$,$n#% ( )n%,$na cal%r$,#r4a )$rc#a. La cal%r$,#r4a )$rc#a ( 'n,"#%)% '#$l$a)%+ (-c$al,n#+ c'an)% ( )(a a/r$!'ar c'an#$#a#$/a,n# la',n#% ) la c($1n ) cal%r &' ( -r%)'c ($,'l#;na,n# )'ran# l #raba2%

c%r-%ral. C%n ,a*%r (nc$ll -') ,)$r( l ca,b$% nr!"#$c% c%n l ,"#%)% )la cal%r$,#r4a $n)$rc#a. Para ll%+ ( rc'rr al c%n(',% ) O? c%,% ,)$)a ) la#ran(3%r,ac$1n nr!"#$ca. L1!$ca,n#+ (#% ( -%($bl -%r&'+ n &'$l$br$%,#ab1l$c%+ l %r!an$(,% %b#$n -r;c#$ca,n# (' nr!4a ,rc) a -r%c(%( b$%l1!$c%( ) %0$)ac$1n. M)$an# c;lc'l%( * ,)$c$%n( ( 5a ll!a)% a lac%ncl'($1n ) &' 7 L$#r% ) %0$!n% c%n(',$)% &'$/al+ a-r%0$,a)a,n#+ a 'na#ran(3%r,ac$1n  nr!"#$ca ) >+@ cal ?B J. E(#a rlac$1n ( )($!na c%,%&'$/aln# cal1r$c% )l %04!n%. Para la )#r,$nac$1n 0ac#a )l ,#ab%l$(,%nr!"#$c% 5a* &' #nr n c'n#a &'+ n ral$)a)+ l &'$/aln# cal1r$c%

)-n)+ 5a(#a c$r#% -'n#%+ )l #$-% ) al$,n#% ,#ab%l$a)%. Una ,)$)a &' ('#$l$a c%n (# 3$n ( l c%c$n# r(-$ra#%r$% CR+ ( )c$r+ la rlac$1n 0$(#n#n#r la c($1n ) CO? * l c%n(',% ) O?+ -%r l %r!an$(,%.?

Ma!nit"des #etab$%i&as de% or!anis#o tota%'

Metabo%is#o basa%' La( ,)$c$%n( 3c#'a)a( 5an ,%(#ra)% &' l ,#ab%l$(,%nr!"#$c% n% (1l% a',n#a )'ran# l #raba2% ,'(c'lar ($n% #a,b$"n a c%n#$n'ac$1n ) la$n!(#$1n ) al$,n#% * n l%( ca(%( ) al#rac$%n( ) la #,-ra#'ra a,b$n#+(-c$al,n# a #,-ra#'ra( ba2a(. C%n (# 3'n)a,n#% ( 5a 3%r,'la)% la ($!'$n#n%r,al$ac$1n -ara la )#r,$nac$1n )l ,#ab%l$(,% nr!"#$c%: la ,)$c$1n )br; (r 

3c#'a)a -%r la ,aana+ #ra( 'na carnc$a ) al$,n#% Hn a*'na( ) 7? 5%ra(+ nr-%(% c%r-%ral * ,n#al * a 'na #,-ra#'ra a,b$n# ) ?B??C c%n r%-a l$!ra. El,#ab%l$(,% a(4 ,)$)% rc$b l n%,br ) ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al. El ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al )'na -r(%na )-n) ) (' c%r-'lnc$a (#a#'ra * -(% a(4 c%,% ) la )a) * )l (0%. S5an r(',$)% n #abla( ) /al%r( )l ,#ab%l$(,% #1r$c% ) la( -r(%na( (ana( c%,%3'nc$1n ) (%( c'a#r% -ar;,#r%(. C%,% %r$n#ac$1n+ -')(r/$r l )a#% ) &' l,#ab%l$(,% ba(al )l /ar1n a)'l#% alcana 7 cal >+? J -%r !) -(% c%r-%ral * 5%raK a

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

'n -(% ) B ! c%rr(-%n)rla+ a-r%0$,a)a,n#+ 'n /al%r) 7BB cal6)4a 7BB l6)4a.La( ,'2r( )l ,$(,% -(% #$nn 'n ,#ab%l$(,% ba(alcrca )l lB ,n%r+ l% c'al ()b$)%+ -r%babl,n#+ a la ,a*%r 3%r,ac$1n ) #2$)%a)$-%(%. M'c5a( /c( ( rlac$%na#a,b$"n l /al%r )l ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al c%n r(-c#% a la ('-r3$c$ c%r-%ral+ la c'al -')

(r calc'la)a a -ar#$r ) la (#a#'ra * l -(%. U#$l$an)% (#a ,a!n$#') ) r3rnc$a

(a&tores )"e in*%"+en en e% #etabo%is#o' La r!'lac$1n )l ,#ab%l$(,% #%#al *+ -%r #an#%+ )l ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al+ ( ll/a a cab% c%n la c%%-rac$1n ) la( 5%r,%na( #$r%$)a(#$r%0$na * #r$*%)%#$r%n$na. P%r (#a ca'(a+ n ca(%( ) #ra(#%rn%( )la 3'nc$1n #$r%$)a (nc'n#ran /al%r( al#ra)%( )l ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al+ a l%( &' c%n 3rc'nc$a ( rc'rr4aan#$!'a,n# -ara (' /al'ac$1n )$a!n1(#$ca. En l ca(% )l 5$-r#$r%$)$(,% l ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al -') (#ar a',n#a)% 5a(#a l )%bl )l /al%r #1r$c%+ * n l 5$-%#$r%$)$(,%)(cn)$)% 5a(#a la ,$#a) )l /al%r n%r,al. P%r (' -ar#+ la a)rnal$na+ la (%,a#%#r%-$na *La( 5%r,%na( (0'al( #$nn ac#$/$)a) $ncr,n#a)%ra )l ,#ab%l$(,%. La ac#$/ac$1n

!nral )l ($,-;#$c% )a l'!ar a 'n a',n#% ) la ,a!n$#') )l ,#ab%l$(,% * laac#$/ac$1n )l -ara($,-;#$c% a 'n )(cn(% )l ,$(,%. P%r l#$,%+ n )$/r(a(n3r,)a)( ( -r%)'c 'n a',n#% )l ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al+ c%,% %c'rr+ -%r 2,-l%+ nla $n('3$c$nc$a car)$aca+ a(4 c%,% n l%( ca(%( ) an,$a(+ l'c,$a( * n3r,)a)(#',%ral(+ n #an#% &' ( %b(r/a 'n )(cn(% )l ,#ab%l$(,% ba(al n la( n3r%($(. En la3$br La ,a!n$#') )l ,#ab%l$(,% a',n#a+ -%r !ra)% ) #,-ra#'ra+ alr))%r )l7=9.,

METABOLISMO PROTEICO-./.0

La( -r%#4na( ( ,-lan -r$nc$-al,n# -ara la (4n#($( ) ba(( n$#r%!na)a(+ ) -r%#4na(+ * ) 'ra &' ( 0cr#a)a n la %r$na. S' ,#ab%l$(,% (#; ac#$/% n a,b%((#a)%( 3$($%l1!$c%(+ *a &' n la ($#'ac$1n -%(#-ran)$al+ l%( a,$n%;c$)%( ( %b#$nn ) la( -r%#4na( $n!r$)a( n la )$#a+ ,$n#ra( &' n l a*'n%+ -r%/$nn ) la -r%#1l$($(,'(c'lar.=

En l -r4%)% -%(#-ran)$al+ l%( a,$n%;c$)%( -r%/n$n#( ) la( -r%#4na( ) la )$#a (%nab(%rb$)%( -%r l $n#(#$n%+ &' l%( n/4a -%r la c$rc'lac$1n -%r#al al 54!a)%+ )() )%n) -')n -a(ar a %#r%( #2$)%( -%r /4a (an!'4na+ ($n)% ,-la)%( -ara la (4n#($( ) -r%#4na( * ba(( n$#r%!na)a(+ -r$nc$-al,n#. La( c"l'la( ) la ,'c%(a $n#(#$nal -')n

%b#nr nr!4a -%r la %0$)ac$1n ) a,$n%;c$)%( c%,% la !l'#a,$na+ la c'al ( $nc%r-%ra)a -%r (#a( c"l'la( #an#% n ($#'ac$1n ) a*'n% c%,% -%(#-ran)$al. E(#a %0$)ac$1n -r%)'cc$#r'l$na * N>+ &' ( ,-lan n l c$cl% ) la 'ra 5-;#$c%.

E(# c$cl% ( $n$c$a c%n la -r%)'cc$1n ) carba,$l3%(3a#% a -ar#$r ) CO? * N>+ n 'naracc$1n ,$#%c%n)r$al ca#al$a)a -%r la Carba,$l3%(3a#%($n##a(aI+ &' ( la n$,ar!'la)%ra )l -r%c(% * ( (#$,'la)a al%(#"r$ca,n# -%r l Nac#$l!l'#a,a#%+ 3%r,a)%a -ar#$r ) !l'#a,a#% * ac#$lC%AK -%r (#%+ c'an)% $ncr,n#a la $nc%r-%rac$1n )

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

a,$n%;c$)%( n l 54!a)%+ *a (an ) la )$#a n l -r$%)% -%(#-ran)$al+ % ) la -r%#1l$($(,'(c'lar n a*'n%+ ( a',n#a la (4n#($( ) Nac#$l!l'#a,a#% * la ac#$/$)a) ) lacarba,$l3%(3a#%($n##a(a I * )l c$cl%.

La( racc$%n( ,$#%c%n)r$al( ) (# c$cl%+ c'l,$nan c%n la 3%r,ac$1n ) c$#r'l$na -%r lac%n)n(ac$1n ) carba,$l3%(3a#% * %rn$#$na. La c$#r'l$na (al al c$#%(%l * ( c%n)n(a c%na(-ar#a#%+ 3%r,an)% ar!$n$n%('cc$na#%+ &' -r%)'c 3',ara#% * ar!$n$na+ la &' (5$)r%l$a)a+ -r%)'c$n)% 'ra &' (r; 0cr#a)a * %rn$#$na &' $n!r(a a la ,$#%c%n)r$a -ara rc%,nar l c$cl%. P%r (' -ar#+ l 3',ara#%+ -') )ar %r$!n a %0alac#a#%+ &'$n!r(a a la n%!l'c%!"n($(+ al c$cl% ) rb( % r!nra a(-ar#a#% -ara (# c$cl%. La/l%c$)a) ) la (4n#($( ) 'ra )-n) ) la )$(-%n$b$l$)a) ) N> * a(-ar#a#%+ * ) laac#$/$)a) ) la carba,$l3%(3a#%($n##a(a.

E( ) 5acr n%#ar+ &' ($ 5a* 'n c%n(',% 0c($/% ) -r%#4na( n la )$#a+ l%( a,$n%;c$)%(

n l 54!a)% -')n $n!r(ar a la /4a l$-%!"n$ca+ )b$)% a (' #ran(a,$nac$1n a 'n c#%;c$)%&' -')a 3%r,ar ac#$lC%A. La #ran(a,$nac$1n /a l$!a)a a 'na )(a,$nac$1n %0$)a#$/a&' -r%)'c !r'-%( a,$n%+ &' -')n n#rar al c$cl% ) la 'ra -ara (r 0cr#a)%( -%r la%r$na.

En l ($!'$n# (&',a ( r-r(n#a l ,#ab%l$(,% ) l%( a,$n%;c$)%( n ($#'ac$1n -%(#-ran)$al:

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

ALTERACIONES EN MALNUTRICIÓN

La ,aln'#r$c$1n ( -r(n#a c'an)% la -r(%na n% $n!$r % $n!$r n 0c(% al!'n%( ) l%(al$,n#%( &' l a-%r#an la( ('(#anc$a( n'#r$#$/a(. Tan#% la 3al#a c%,% l 0c(% )

n'#r$n#( -r%)'cn )$3rn#( al#rac$%n( &' ( -r(n#an a c%n#$n'ac$1n:

Fal#a ) n'#r$n#(:

7. FORMAS LEVES O MODERADAS:

DEFICIT DE PESO PARA LA TALLA O ENFLAUECIEMIENTO:

C%rr(-%n) a la ,aln'#r$c$1n a!')aK ( )(arr%lla n 'n br/ -la% * ,2%rar;-$)a,n# c%n l #ra#a,$n#% n'#r$c$%nal. En l%( -a4(( )%n) (# #$-% ),aln'#r$c$1n ( 3rc'n# ('l ,-ar ) l%( )%( a c'a#r% ,(( * alcana la

,;0$,a $n#n($)a) * -r/$a,n# 5ac$a l%( 7? * ?> ,((.

RETRASO DE CRECIENTO EN TALLA DE ORIGEN NUTRICIONAL:

T$n 'na cl4n$ca * /%l'c$1n )$3rn#. P') c%,nar $ncl'(% $n#ra'#r$n%+c%n )$(,$n'c$1n ) la /l%c$)a) ) crc$,$n#% ) -(% * #alla.E(#a 3%r,a c%n#$n'a )'ran# la )a) -r(c%lar * n% ( alcana la /l%c$)a)n%r,al 5a(#a l%( 8 a%(. A -ar#$r ) ( ,%,n#%+ la c'r/a ) crc$,$n#% (5ac -aralla a la( n%r,al(+ a'n&' n% 5a* 'n /r)a)r% crc$,$n#% )rc'-rac$1n. S$ b$n l -(% -ara la #alla ( n%r,al$a * a /c( (%br-a(a la

rlac$1n n%r,al+ (#%( n$%( #r,$nan (' crc$,$n#% c%n 'na #alla ba2a * (%na)'l#%( ba2%(.E(# c'a)r% ( -r%)'c c'an)% l -r$%)% ) ,aln'#r$c$1n ( -r%l%n!a)%)(n'#r$c$1n cr1n$ca.<

?. FORMAS GRAVES:

• MARASMO: E( ca'(a)% -%r 'na )3$c$nc$a -r%l%n!a)a ) nr!4a *

 -r%#4na(. S -r(n#a n l -r$,r a% ) /$)a+ )(-'"( ) &' l n$% ()(##a * n% %b#$n 'na can#$)a) a)c'a)a ) al$,n#%(. S' -$l ( (ca+ (arr'!a+ (' c'r-% ( a)l!aa * l%( 5'(%( ( (al#an. L%( n$%( ( %b(r/anc%,% /$2$#%( * #$nn r#ra(% n l crc$,$n#%+ -$r)n l a-#$#%+ (,'(#ran ll%r%n(+ )ca4)%(+ can(a)%( $n)$3rn#( a #%)% l% &' l( r%)a.El cabll% ( /'l/ (c%+ )l!a)%+ )(c%l%r$)%+ ral% * ( ca 3;c$l,n#.

• ASIOROR: E( -%c% 3rc'n# n (' 3%r,a -'ra. La )a) )l

c%,$n% ( !nral,n# a -ar#$r )l a%. El ra(!% carac#r4(#$c% ( laa3c#ac$1n ) la #alla * ) la ,a)'rac$1n 1(a+ &' c%n#ra(#a c%n la (ca(a

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

 -"r)$)a ) -a(+ )b$)% n -ar# a la -r(nc$a ) ),a(+ &' c%n(#$#'*n l($!n% cl4n$c% 3'n)a,n#al+ a),;( ) al#rac$%n( n la -$l * ('( an2%(+&' ( 0-r(a n 3%r,a ) &'$l$#$(+ )r,a#$#$( ) nal!a( * n %ca($%n( -r$%r$3$c$al+ ) 3%r,a ($,$lar a la acr%)r,a#$#$( n#r%-;#$ca. S%n #a,b$"n

,'* lla,a#$/a( la( ,%)$3$cac$%n( )l #r%3$(,% )l cabll%+ &' a-arc(c%+ &'bra)$% * )(-$!,n#a)%. En#r la( al#rac$%n( 3'nc$%nal()(#acan la 5$-%#%n4a+ $rr$#ab$l$)a) $n)$3rnc$a+ * la a3c#ac$1n -rc% )l3'nc$%nal$(,% 5-;#$c%+ &' ( #ra)'c n 5-a#%,!al$a * al#rac$%n(/ar$abl( ) la( n$,a(+ * &' (%n )b$)a( a !ra)%( /ar$abl( ) (#a#%($(.

CARACTERÍSTICAS

KWASHIORKOR

MARASMO

Pérdida depeso Apare!e"e!e "eos de#$%&

M's de $%&

Edad "'s(re)*e!e

Pri)ipa#"e!e +do, - .er,a/o de 0ida

I(a)iapri)ipa#"e!e a!es de#+do, a/o

Ede"a Prese!e A*se!e

Der"a!osis2a#!era)ioese pie# -"*)osas3

4re)*e!e Rara

Ca"5ios e e#

)a5e##o

M*- (re)*e!e 4re)*e!e

A#!era)ioes"e!a#es

M*- )o"62irri!a5i#idad3

Po)o )o"62apa!7a3

• ANEMIA: M'c5a( -r(%na(+ n n'(#r% -a4(+ (-c$al,n# l%( n$%(

 -r(c%lar(+ la( ,baraa)a( * la( ,a)r( lac#an#(+ -a)cn ) an,$a -%r 

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

)3$c$n# c%n(',% ) al$,n#%( c%n 5$rr% % -%r ,ala ab(%rc$1n ) (#,$nral -%r l %r!an$(,%. A (#a ( l c%n%c c%,% an,$a 3rr%-"n$ca.O#r%( #$-%( ) an,$a n'#r$c$%nal( ( -r(n#an -%r )3$c$nc$a ) ;c$)%31l$c% % ) /$#a,$na A

La An,$a Frr%-"n$ca+ ( -r%)'c -%r 'na )$(,$n'c$1n ) la 5,%!l%b$na.Al!'na( -r(%na( c%n an,$a ( %b(r/an -;l$)a(+ #$nn -r%bl,a( )r(-$rac$1n * ( can(an a ral$ar 'n 2rc$c$% l$!r%+ ($n#n ,ar%(+ l()'l la caba * -$r)n l a-#$#%.

A),;( ) la An,$a 3rr%-"n$ca+ -r%/%ca)a -%r (ca( ) 5$rr%+ 0$(#n)%( #$-%( ,;(:

An,$a -%r 3al#a ) Qc$)% F1l$c% % an,$a M!al%bl;(#$ca. An,$a -%r 3al#a ) V$#a,$na 7? % An,$a Prn$c$%(a

E1CESO DE NUTRIENTES

La (%brn'#r$c$1n+ (#a)% &' r('l#a ) 'na $n!(#a 0c($/a ) nr!4a &' )al'!ar al (%br -(% * la %b($)a). En %ca($%n(+ (# #"r,$n% #a,b$"n 5acr3rnc$a al c%n(',% ) ,$cr%n'#r$n#( n 0c(%+ &' r('l#a n 'n$n#%0$cac$1n -%r ,$cr%n'#r$n#(. T%)% (#% -r%)'c n3r,)a)( c%,%

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

%b($)a)+ )$ab#(+ 5$-r#n($1n+ 5$-rl$-$),$a( * ar#r$%(clr%($(+ &' a3c#anla (al') ) la -%blac$1n * (%n )$rc#a( $n)$rc#a,n# la ca'(a ) ,'r# na)'l#%( ) n'(#r% -a4( -%r $n3ar#%+ n3r,)a)( car)$%/a(c'lar( * c;ncr )la-ara#% )$!(#$/%.@

LA OESIDAD: E( 'na n3r,)a) carac#r$a)a -%r 'na can#$)a)

0c($/a ) !ra(a c%r-%ral % #2$)% a)$-%(%+ n rlac$1n a la ,a(a c%r-%ral.E( ca'(a)a -%r 'n c%n(',% ) nr!4a cal%r4a( ('-r$%r al !a(#%nr!"#$c%+ l% &' ll/a a )-%($#ar (# 0c(% n 3%r,a ) !ra(a n l #2$)%a)$-%(%.El ,n%r !a(#% nr!"#$c% ( )b a la )$(,$n'c$1n ) la ac#$/$)a) 34($ca &'carac#r$a la /$)a ac#'al+ (-c$al,n# n la( c$')a)(+ )%n) la( -r(%na( -a(an !ran -ar# )l )$a ral$an)% ac#$/$)a)( ()n#ar$a(+ #al( c%,% /r TV * ral$ar #raba2% n %3$c$na.

P%r %#ra -ar# l )(balanc #a,b$"n ( -r%)'c -%r l al#% c%n(',% )al$,n#%( -r%c(a)%( r$c%( n !ra(a( -a-a( 3r$#a(+ ,a*%n(a+ c5%c%la#(+c%n al#a c%ncn#rac$1n ) al,$)1n #%r#$lla % a'car( !%l%($na(+ )'lc(+#%r#a(+ 5la)%(. b$)a( a'cara)a( * %#r%( )'lc(.

ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES: S -r%)'cn -%r la

ac','lac$1n ) !ra(a n la( -ar)( $n#rna( ) l%( /a(%( (an!'4n%( &'al$,n#an al c%ra1n * al crbr%+ %ca($%nan)% a#r%(clr%($(+ $n3ar#% alc%ra1n % al crbr%. P') r('l#ar n )$(ca-ac$)a) % ,'r#. O#ra ca'(a(r$a l n$/l ) c%l(#r%l (an!'4n% -%r (%br l /al%r n%r,al ?BB ,!6)l+

al 5;b$#% ) 3',ar * la -%ca ac#$/$)a) 34($ca.

IPERTENSIN: E( l a',n#% ) la -r($1n (an!'4na &' ( ,an#$n n

l #$,-%. E(#% ( )b al c%n(',% 3rc'n# ) al$,n#%( (ala)%( * r$c%( n!ra(a+ al ba2% c%n(',% ) al$,n#%( r$c%( n Calc$% * /$#a,$na( * #a,b$"n ala -%ca ac#$/$)a) 34($ca.

DIAETES: El 0c(% ) al$,n#%( -%c% (al')abl + r$c%( n carb%5$)ra#%(

($,-l( * !ra(a( %ca($%na)% D$ab#( T$-% II.

ULIMIA: E( 'n #ra(#%rn% &' -r%)'c 'na (n(ac$1n an%r,al,n#$n#n(a ) 5a,br. E(#% 5ac &' la -r(%na a3c#a)a c%,a ($n ,)$)a+ -ara -%(#r$%r,n# (n#$r na'(a( &' l -r%)'cn l /1,$#%.@

GLUCIDOS 2

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

L%( !lc$)%( (%n b$%,%l"c'la( %r!;n$ca(. E(#;n 3%r,a)%( -%r Carb%n%+ $)r1!n% *O04!n%+ a'n&' a),;(+ n al!'n%( c%,-'(#%( #a,b$"n -%),%( nc%n#rar N$#r1!n% *F1(3%r%.

Rc$bn #a,b$"n l n%,br ) acar(+ carb%5$)ra#%( % 5$)ra#%( ) carb%n%. La$,-%r#anc$a b$%l1!$ca -r$nc$-al ) (# #$-% ) ,%l"c'la( ( &' ac#an c%,% r(r/a )nr!4a % -')n c%n3r$r (#r'c#'ra+ #an#% a n$/l ,%lc'lar 3%r,an n'cl1#$)%(+ c%,% an$/l cl'lar -ar) /!#al % #$('lar #2$)%( /!#al( ) (%(#"n+ c%n cl'l%(a.

D-n)$n)% ) la ,%l"c'la &' ( #ra#+ l%( Glc$)%( -')n (r/$r c%,%:

• C%,b'(#$bl: l%( ,%n%(ac;r$)%( ( -')n %0$)ar #%#al,n#+ %b#n$n)% 'na( >

Cal6!.

• R(r/a nr!"#$ca: l al,$)1n * l !l'c1!n% (%n -%l$(ac;r$)%( &' ac','lan !rancan#$)a) ) nr!4a n (' (#r'c#'ra+ -%r l% &' ($r/n -ara !'ar)ar nr!4a0c)n# * '#$l$arla n ,%,n#%( ) nc($)a).

• F%r,a)%r( ) (#r'c#'ra(: la cl'l%(a % la &'$#$na (%n 2,-l%( ) -%l$(ac;r$)%(

&' %#%r!an (#r'c#'ra r($(#n# al %r!an$(,% &' la( -%(.

  CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS GLÚCIDOS

Monosacáridos

osas

 TriosasA#dosas

Ce!osas

 Te!rosasPe!osasHe8osasHep!osas

Ósidos Ho#9sidos

O#i:osa)'ridos

Disa)'ridos!risa)'ridos,,,

Po#isa)'ridos

Ho"opo#isa)'ridos

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

He!eropo#isa)'ridos

He!er9sidos

GRASAS

2

La( !ra(a(+ #a,b$"n lla,a)a( l4-$)%(+ c%n2'n#a,n# c%n l%( carb%5$)ra#%( r-r(n#an la,a*%r 3'n# ) nr!4a -ara l %r!an$(,%.

La( (nc$al( (%n a&'lla( &' l %r!an$(,% n% -') ($n##$ar+ * (%n: l ;c$)% l$n%l"$c% *l l$n%l"n$c%+ a'n&' n%r,al,n# n% ( nc'n#ran a'(n#( )l %r!an$(,% *a &' (#;nc%n#n$)%( n carn(+ 3$a,br(+ -(ca)%(+ 5'/%(+ #c.

$%&'4,$ca,n#+ la( !ra(a( (%n ('(#anc$a( a-%lar( * -%r ll% (%n $n(%l'bl( n a!'a. E(#aa-%lar$)a) ( )b a &' ('( ,%l"c'la( #$nn ,'c5%( ;#%,%( ) carb%n% 5$)r1!n%

'n$)%( ) ,%)% c%/aln# -'r% * -%r l% #an#% n% 3%r,an )$-%l%( &' $n#rac#n c%n la!'a. P%),%( c%ncl'$r &' l%( l4-$)%( (%n 0cln#( a$(lan#( * (-ara)%r(. La( !ra(a((#;n 3%r,a)a( -%r ;c$)%( !ra(%(.

Tios de !rasas

En 3'nc$1n )l #$-% ) ;c$)%( !ra(%( &' 3%r,n -r)%,$nan#,n# la( !ra(a(+ * n -ar#$c'lar -%r l !ra)% ) $n(a#'rac$1n n,r% ) nlac( )%bl( % #r$-l( ) l%( ;c$)%(!ra(%(+ -%),%( )$(#$n!'$r:

Grasas sat"radas'  3%r,a)a( ,a*%r$#ar$a,n# -%r ;c$)%( !ra(%( (a#'ra)%(.A-arcn -%r 2,-l% n l #%c$n%+ n l (b%+ n la( ,an#ca( ) caca% % )caca5'#+ #c. E(# #$-% ) !ra(a( ( (1l$)a a #,-ra#'ra a,b$n#. La( !ra(a(3%r,a)a( -%r ;c$)%( !ra(%( ) ca)na lar!a ,;( ) @ ;#%,%( ) carb%n%+ c%,% l%(;c$)%( l;'r$c%+  ,$r4(#$c%  *  -al,4#$c%+   ( c%n($)ran &' l/an l%( n$/l( -la(,;#$c%( ) c%l(#r%l a(%c$a)% a la( l$-%-r%#4na( LDL. S$n ,bar!%+ la( !ra(a((a#'ra)a( ba(a)a( n l (#;r$c% #$nn 'n 3c#% n'#r%.

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

Grasas insat"radas' 3%r,a)a( -r$nc$-al,n# -%r ;c$)%( !ra(%( $n(a#'ra)%( c%,%

l %l$c% % l -al,$#%l$c%. S%n l4&'$)a( a #,-ra#'ra a,b$n# * c%,n,n# (l( c%n%c c%,% ac$#(. P')n (r -%r 2,-l% l ac$# ) %l$/a+ ) !$ra(%l+ )

,a4. S%n la( ,;( bn3$c$%(a( -ara l c'r-% 5',an% -%r ('( 3c#%( (%br l%(l4-$)%( -la(,;#$c%( * al!'na( c%n#$nn ;c$)%( !ra(%( &' (%n n"trientesesen&ia%es+ *a &' l %r!an$(,% n% -') 3abr$carl%( * l n$c% ,%)% )c%n(!'$rl%( ( ,)$an# $n!(#$1n )$rc#a.

Grasas trans' S %b#$nn a -ar#$r ) la 5$)r%!nac$1n ) l%( ac$#( /!#al(+ -%r 

l% c'al -a(an ) (r $n(a#'ra)a( a (a#'ra)a(+ * a -%(r la 3%r,a (-ac$al ) #ran(+ -%r (% ( lla,an ;c$)%( !ra(%( #ran(. S%n ,'c5% ,;( -r2')$c$al( &' la((a#'ra)a( -r(n#( n la na#'rala c%n 3%r,a c$(+ *a &' (%n al#a,n#a#r%!"n$ca( * -')n c%n#r$b'$r a l/ar l%( n$/l( ) l$-%-r%#4na( LDL * l%(#r$!l$c"r$)%(+ 5ac$n)% )(cn)r -l$!r%(a,n# l%( n$/l( ) l$-%-r%#4na( DL.

La( !ra(a( c',-ln /ar$a( 3'nc$%n(:

• Enr!"#$ca,n#+ la( !ra(a( c%n(#$#'*n 'na /r)a)ra r(r/a nr!"#$ca+ *a &'

 br$n)an Cal $l%cal%r4a( -%r !ra,%.

• Pl;(#$ca,n#+ #$nn 'na 3'nc$1n )a)% &' 3%r,an -ar# ) #%)a( la( ,,brana(

cl'lar( * ) la /a$na ) ,$l$na ) l%( nr/$%(+ -%r l% &' -%),%( )c$r &' (nc'n#ra n #%)%( l%( 1r!an%( * #2$)%(. A$(lan#+ ac#an c%,% 0cln# (-ara)%r )a)a (' a-%lar$)a).

• Tran(-%r#an  -r%#4na( l$-%(%l'bl(.

• Dan (ab%r * #0#'ra a l%( al$,n#%(.

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

(IBRAS 2

La 3$bra al$,n#ar$a ( -') )3$n$r c%,% la -ar# ) la( -lan#a( c%,(#$bl( &' r($(# la)$!(#$1n * ab(%rc$1n n l $n#(#$n% )l!a)% 5',an% * &' 0-r$,n#a 'na 3r,n#ac$1n -arc$al % #%#al n l $n#(#$n% !r'(%. E(#a -ar# /!#al (#; 3%r,a)a -%r 'n c%n2'n#% )c%,-'(#%( &'4,$c%( ) na#'rala 5#r%!"na  -%l$(ac;r$)%(+ %l$!%(ac;r$)%(+  l$!n$na  *('(#anc$a( an;l%!a(

La 3$bra $n(%l'bl

• Pr(n# n l -an+ cral( $n#!ral( * ('( )r$/a)%(+ a(4 c%,% n 3r'#%( (c%(. E(

la r(-%n(abl )l b'n #r;n($#% $n#(#$nal+ )$(,$n'*n)% l (#r$,$n#%+ )b$)% a&' l #rac#% )$!(#$/% ca($ n% c%n#$n bac#r$a( $n#(#$nal( ca-ac( ) )!ra)arla.

La 3$bra (%l'bl

• E( ca-a ) ab(%rbr l a!'a c%n !ran 3ac$l$)a)+ c%n#r$b'*n)% a la )$(,$n'c$1n )

ab(%rc$1n ) acar+ c%l(#r%l * #r$!l$c"r$)%( n l a-ara#% )$!(#$/%+ r)'c$n)% a(4la -%($bl -r(nc$a ) n3r,)a)( car)$%/a(c'lar(+ /$#an)% la a-ar$c$1n )

(#r$,$n#%+ 5,%rr%$)(  * )$ab#(. E0$(#n  n$,a( )$!(#$/a( ca-ac( ))$!r$rla. E(#;n -r(n#( n la( 3r'#a(+ /r)'ra( * l!',br(.

F'n#( ) 3$bra al$,n#ar$a

La( -%),%( nc%n#rar n )$/r(%( al$,n#%(+ ($n)% #%)%( ll%( 0cl'($/a,n# ) %r$!n/!#al c%,%:

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

• Cral(.

• ar$na( $n#!ral( a/na+ #r$!%+ cba)a+ cn#n%+ ,a4 * arr% $n#!ral.

• L!',br(.

• Fr'#a(.

• Fr'#%( (c%(.

• Vr)'ra( * 5%r#al$a(.

COMPOSICIÓN DE MARCO NUTRIENTES EN LA DIETA34

Una )$#a c'an#$#a#$/a,n# ( c%rrc#a c'an)% a-%r#a la nr!4a a)c'a)a+ -r,$# l,an#n$,$n#% % c%n(c'c$1n )l -(% $)al * a-%r#a #%)a( la( /$#a,$na( * ,$nral( ncan#$)a)( n% $n3r$%r( a ?6= ) la( a-%r#( )$#"#$c%( rc%,n)a)%( RDA. La( )$#a(5$-%cal1r$ca( -%r )ba2% ) 78BB cal%r4a( n% l% !aran#$an.

L%( n'#r$n#( (%n la( ('(#anc$a( &' c%,-%nn l%( al$,n#%(. N'#r$n#( (nc$al( (%na&'ll%( &' l %r!an$(,% n% -') ($n##$ar a -ar#$r ) %#r%( *+ -%r #an#%+ )-n)ab(%l'#a,n# ) (' $n!(#a n l%( al$,n#%(.

L%( n'#r$n#( &' a-%r#an nr!4a (%n lla,a)%( n'#r$n#( nr!"#$c%( % ,acr%n'#r$n#(:

• Pr%#4na(.• Gra(a(.• Carb%5$)ra#%(

E0-r(a)a n #"r,$n%( ) $l%cal%r4a( (#%( #r( n'#r$n#( a-%r#an la ($!'$n# nr!4a:

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

• 7 ! ) -r%#4na(+ > cal.

• 7! ) !ra(a+ cal.

• 7! ) 5$)ra#%( ) carb%n%+ =+8 cal.

• 7 ! ) alc%5%l+ cal

La )$(#r$b'c$1n -%rcn#'al ) l%( ,acr%n'#r$n#( n la )$#a &'$l$bra)a ( la ($!'$n#:

• 8B 88 9 ) carb%5$)ra#%(.

• =B=89 ) !ra(a( 78?B 9 ,%n%$n(a#'ra)a(.

• 7B78 9 ) -r%#4na(.

En l ,an2% ) la %b($)a) (#%( -%rcn#a2( ( ,an#$nn n la ,$(,a -r%-%rc$1n. S%l%n al!'na( %ca($%n( ( ,%)$3$can (#%( -%rcn#a2( c'an)% -%r 2,-l% 5a*c%,%rb$l$)a)( a(%c$a)a( a la %b($)a) (4n)r%, ,#ab1l$c%+ )$ab#(+ )$(l$-,$a. En(# ca(% ( ,%)$3$can n 3'nc$1n ) a&'lla -a#%l%!4a &' -r)%,$n. P%r 2,-l% n lca(% ) )$ab#( ( )$(,$n'*n l%( 5$)ra#%( ) carb%n% * ( a',n#an la( -r%#4na(+a'n&' ($,-r c%n ,%)rac$1n n -r/$($1n ) la -%($bl n3r%-a#4a )$ab"#$ca. En l ca(%) )$(l$-,$a )$(,$n'*n)% l%( l4-$)%(+ #c

Macronutrints

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% so&r !ca"tota"s

 Prot'nas $ %;<1:=>:=d7a

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 Grasas @ 1 :=>:=d7a .%<.? & Car&o(idratos

$ .<?:=>:=d7a

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PRINCIPIOS DE NUTRICIN7B

7. La $,-%r#anc$a )  bbr  a!'a. N'(#r% c'r-% nc($#a ca)a )4a n#r 7+8 * ? l$#r%() a!'a. El a!'a $n#r/$n n l%( -r%c(%( ,#ab1l$c%( * ( #a,b$"n nc(ar$a -ara

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

3ac$l$#ar l -r%c(% ) &',a ) !ra(a(. Ta,b$"n a*')a a ,an#nr ac#$/% n'(#r%,#ab%l$(,%.

?. In#n#a bbr ('3$c$n# a!'a ca)a )4a * n% %l/$)( &' ($ -rac#$ca( )-%r# % /$/(

n 'n l'!ar )%n) l cl$,a ( ,'* cal'r%(%+ )br;( a',n#ar #' $n!(#a ) a!'a.

=. S$ n% # !'(#a l a!'a -')( #%,ar $n3'($%n( % ',%( ) 3r'#a na#'ral ($n acar +l% &' (4 &' c%n/$n l$,$#ar ba(#an# ( l c%n(',% ) r3r(c%(.

>. N'nca ($!a( 'na )$#a 0#r,a -%r #' c'n#a. Una )$#a ),a($a)% r(#r$c#$/a -')&' (#" $n)$ca)a (1l% n ($#'ac$%n( ,'* c%ncr#a(+ -r% n (# ca(% )br; (#ar  -r(cr$#a * ('-r/$(a)a -%r 'n ,")$c%.

8. La 3$bra #a,b$"n #$n 'n -a-l 3'n)a,n#al )n#r% )l c%n#0#% ) 'na n'#r$c$1n(al')abl. P%r ll%+ )br;( $n#r%)'c$r n #' )$#a al$,n#%( $n#!ral(+   3r'#a */r)'ra.

<. L$,$#a l c%n(',% ) (al: Un 0c(% ) (al n #' )$#a n% (1l% a',n#ar; lar#nc$1n ) l4&'$)%(+ ($n% &' -') 5acr &' ('ba #' #n($1n ar#r$al.

. N'nca %l/$)( &' n$n!n al$,n#% -') a-%r#ar -%r (4 (1l% #%)%( l%( n'#r$n#(nc(ar$%(+ -ara ll%+ )br,%( c%n(',$r )$ar$a,n# al$,n#%( /ar$a)%( &'

c%n#n!an 5$)ra#%( ) carb%n%+ -r%#4na(+ !ra(a(+ /$#a,$na( * ,$nral(.

@. N% # %b(($%n( c%n alcanar 'na c$3ra c%ncr#a n la b;(c'la: '(ca ,an#nr# n#' -(% $)al &' ( a&'l n l &' -%)r;( ,an#nr# 3;c$l,n# ($n (acr$3$c$%(+($,-l,n# c%n al$,n#ar# ) 3%r,a &'$l$bra)a.

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

RE(ERENCIAS BIBLIOGR5(ICAS

7. PINEIRO V ANA CAROLINA+ CANAAN R FAIANE APARECIDA+

GONZALES A RITA DE CQSSIA. INSULINEMIA+ FOOD INTAE AND

ENERGY METAOLISM. R/. c5$l. n'#r. r/$(#a n la In#rn#. ?BB@ Mar 

c$#a)% ?B7= S- B@ K =87: 7@?>. D$(-%n$bl n:5##-:66)0.)%$.%r!67B.>B<6SB787@?BB@BBB7BBBB=

?. TES G+ MUTSCLER E+ VAUPEL P. 7@=. Ana#%,4a+ 3$($%l%!4a *

 -a#%3$($%l%!4a )l 5%,br: ,an'al -ara 3ar,ac"'#$c%( * b$1l%!%(. E)$#%r$al R/r#".

arcl%na: E(-aa. --: >8@><7=. $%&'4,$ca n l %(-$#al P;!$na n In#rn#. Vn'la: D/$ Car%l$naK c?BB

c$#a)% B S#$,br ?B7=. D$(-%n$bl n:5##-:66b$%&'$,$canl5%(-$#aln7.W$$3%'n)r*.c%,6-a!6M#ab%l$(,%)Pr%#4na(

>. UNIVERSIDAD DE CRDOVA P;!$na n In#rn# E(-aa: Ma#a$0 J+ S;nc5 FK

Pr%#4na(: c?BB c$#a)% n B S#$,br ?B7=. D$(-%n$bl n:5##-:66WWW.'c%.(6,a(#rn'#r$c$%n6nb6Ma#a$06-r%#$na(.-)3 

8. GONZQLEZ MUOZ M. J.+ MESEGUER I.+ MARTNEZ PARA M. C.+

AGUILAR M. V.+ ERNAO A..R-rc'($%n( )l -$c%l$na#% ) cr%,% n l

,#ab%l$(,% -r%#$c% n 3'nc$1n ) la )a). N'#r. %(-. r/$(#a n la In#rn#.

?BB< D$c c$#a)% ?B7= S- B@K ?7<: B7>. D$(-%n$bl n:

5##-:66(c$l%.$(c$$$.(6(c$l%.-5-[(cr$-#\(c$ar##0#]-$)\SB?7?

7<77?BB<BBBBBB7=]ln!\(<. ERNANDEZ M+ SASTRE A. Tra#a)% ) n'#r$c$1n. E(-aa: E)$#%r$al D4a )

San#%(. ?BBB. P-: 7@.. GOMEZ O. E)'cac$1n -ara la (al'). ? E). C%(#a R$ca: EUNED. ?BB. P-: 7

?B?

@. ORGANIZACIN PARA LAS NACIONES UNIDAS FAO. Un$)a) N?:

Al$,n#ac$1n * V$)a (al')abl. a( ) )a#%( ) In#rn#C%n('l#a)% l )4a )

S#$,br )l ?B7=K @:> -,: PDF

D$(-%n$bl n : 5##-:66WWW.3a%.%r!6)%cr-6B7=6a,?@(6a,?@(B?a.-)3 . ARMSTRONG+F. 7@? $%&'4,$ca 7+). E(-aa :E)$#%r$al R/#".S.A.--:

78878.

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SEMINARIO 1PRINCIPIOS DE LA NUTRICION

7B. ARIO+Ar#'r%. ?BB= Al$,n#ac$1n * N'#r$c$1n n la -rac#$ca (an$#ar$a.7+).

E(-aa: E)$c$%n( D$a ) San#%(. P;!.: =@