REVISTA PRODUCTIVA - N 6 - ABRIL 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

7/21/2019 REVISTA PRODUCTIVA - N 6 - ABRIL 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

1/96Prfmuitcvb | 2

Obnbmkrb sfjrk dulkmbmks kn prfiksf mk

]ZBNYEFZLBICN

Prfmuitcvb

Zkvcstb

#5 Bjrca :02;

Zkvcstb kspkicbaczbmb kn Borfnkoficfs


2/96: | Prfmuitcvb


3/96Prfmuitcvb | 9


4/96= | Prfmuitcvb

ksmk pfibs lcaknbrcbs kabrrfz euk ka baclkntf lsmklbnmbmf pfr ab sfickmbm,nf sfaf pfrquk sbtcsebik kadbljrk, scnf pfr ka vbafrbiikscjak quk pfskk.

Kn ab pfib lfmkrnbluidf sk db dbjabmf mk

quk kstk rujrf ks ka ls ifnsulcmf kn rkocfnkspfjrks mk Bscb, kn mfnmk biikmkr b ab prftknbbnclba (ibrnk) ks pritciblkntk cnbaibnzbjak fclpfscjak.

Kn Pbrbouby, pfr mibmbs, lkmcbntk pri-tcibs trbmcicfnbaks, sk mksbrrfaa ka brrfz skibnf.Nukstrfs bntkpbsbmfs vckrfn b kstk rujrf iflfunf mk butfifnsulf8 scn kljbrof, dfy ks lsquk ksf. Dfy nf sfaf ks butfsuickntk ka pbs,

scnf quk sk kxpfrtb b ls mk unb mkiknb mk mks-tcnfs orbnmks vfalknks mk brrfz mk knfrlk

ibacmbm, ibpbz mk iflpktcr ifn iubaquckr prf-vkkmfr mka lunmf.

Dbstb dbik un pfif ls mk unb mibmb,

Pbrbouby nf krb butfsuickntk kn brrfz. Dfy,

b unb mibmb mka cnorksf mk ab tkincibicn kn

kstk rujrf, mkjklfs mkstbibr quk ka ikrkba bmk-ls mk skr un baclkntf vctba kn abs mcktbs mk afspbrboubyfs, tbljcn sk db ifnvkrtcmf kn un lf-tfr kifnlcif ibpbz mk ibljcbr abs ifnmcicfnksmk vcmb mk afs prfmuitfrks, mk abs icumbmks k cn-iausf, mk un pbs.

Ifn ab tkinfafob mcspfncjak, dfy sk prf-muik brrfz kn iblpfs kn mfnmk unf nunib skdujckrb clbocnbmf, ibrbitkrczbmfs pfr sctcfs ks-pksfs mk ebnof.

]bn sfaf bmlcrbicn mkjkrblfs skntcr pfrab ibpbicmbm mk afs prfmuitfrks brrfikrfs mk ok-nkrbr prftknb vkoktba mk batb ibacmbm kn tkrrk-nfs bnkobmfs.

Pkrf baounfs, kn auobr mk bpfybr y rkspktbrka kseukrzf mk lcaks mk prfmuitfrks, btbibn b unskitfr quk vb ibljcbnmf ab clbokn mk icumbmks

pfr ab cnykiicn kifnlcib quk oknkrb y ab orbnmklbnmb mk klpakfs quk irkb kn su bnmbr. Nfks gustf quk un pubmf mk okntk quckrb pfnkr

pbafs b ab rukmb mk un skolkntf quk sk db mk-sbrrfaabmf orbicbs b ab cnnfvbicn, ab pugbnzb, abvfauntbm y ab pkrskvkrbnicb.

Bitubalkntk, ka cntkrs pfr ab sckljrb mkbrrfz lcor b ftrbs rkocfnks iflf kkljui,Ikntrba, Ifrmcaakrb, Ifnikpicn y dbstb ba JbgfIdbif. Kspkrklfs quk kstfs cntrpcmfs prfmui-tfrks scobn mkgbnmf su clprfntb kn ab dcstfrcb mkPbrbouby iflf un prfvkkmfr nktf mk baclkntfs.

Ka brrfz ks ls quk un rujrf borifab, ksunb dkrrblckntb mk auidb ifntrb ab pfjrkzb.

Aci. Mbvcm Ofnzakz

M

Nukstrbpfsturb

Ka brrfz nf sfaf sbtcsebik ka dbljrk,tbljcn rkmuik ab pfjrkzb


5/96Prfmuitcvb | ;


6/965 | Prfmuitcvb

Ytbee

Mcrkiicn PkrcfmstcibAci. Mbvcm Ofnzbakz Lknicb

Ika.7 0349 :: =3 ?3

Mcrkiicn IflkricbaEkrnbnmf Ksifjbr Bmfrnf

Ika.7 0342 :29 [email protected]

Mcskf y mcborblbicnGubn Ibrafs Ubn Ytrbtk

Ifabjfrbicn/ZkmbiicnKmubrmf Ucaabajb

Ifrrkiicn PkrcfmstcibAci. Bnbd Ifrfnka

Kgkiutcvfs mk Ukntbs

Lbrikaf LbrtcnkzIka.7 034: =3? 3?3

Lbrikaf LbrtcnkzIka.7 03?2 9;; 92=

Clprkscn

BOZ Y.B. Ykrvcicfs Orecifs

Oulkrscnmf Yfsb =3;i/ Lfcsks Jkrtfnc

J Dkrrkrb - Bsunicn

www.prfmuitcvbsb.ifl.py

25Kntrkvcstb

:0Borciuaturb Prfmuitcvb

:4 Obnbmkrb Prfmuitcvb

==]incib Borifab

=5]incib Obnbmkrb

;:Bitcvcmbm

;4Bitcvcmbm

?4Bitcvcmbm

Gfs Jkrkb Ebitfrks quk batkrbn ab prfmuiicn

mk lbz pbrb knscabmf y su vbafr

iflf pcknsf.

Zftbicn mk pbrikabs y obnbmkrbrkmuikn prkscn mk lbakzbs kn

brrfz.

Ks nkiksbrcf tknkr ls vbibs pbrb

mcspfnkr mk ls tkrnkrfs6

Ubrcbjcacmbm mk nutrckntks pfiflvcaks kn un sukaf jbgf sckljrb

mcrkitb.

Yklcnbrcf7 Iblcnf pbrb unbobnbmkrb prfmuitcvb.

Borfsdfw kn su lxclb

kxprkscn.

Brrfz skibnf vukavk b ksiknb.

25

:0 ;4

Ifntkncmf

9=Nftb mk tbpbNutrcicn pkiubrcb lbrib

cncicf mk ab trbnsefrlbicn

pkiubrcb kn dulkmbaks.


7/96


8/964 | Prfmuitcvb

CnefBorf

Kxpfrtbicfnks mk trcof irkickrfn :;5%

Ab sbacmb mk trcof sk rkiupkr iflpbrbtcvblkn-tk b ab iblpbb bntkrcfr. Kn ka :02=, sc jcknkxcstc luidf vfaulkn mka ikrkba, ab ibacmbm nfbiflpb, mkjcmf b abs atclbs aauvcbs rkocstrb-mbs kn ab ktbpb mk ifskidb.

Ycn kljbrof, kn af quk vb mk kstk bf :02;

ka trcof tuvf unb sbacmb mk :;5% supkrcfr b abtklpfrbmb bntkrcfr. Kn kstfs lksks mka prkskn-tk bf ka mksbacgf mk trcof euk mk 92; 5?4 tfnk-abmbs, erkntk b abs 44 54? tfnkabmbs knvcbmbsmurbntk ka lcslf pkrcfmf mk ab tklpfrbmb bn-

tkrcfr, skon ka cnefrlk mk ab Ilbrb Pbrboubybmk Kxpfrtbmfrks y Iflkricbaczbmfrks mk Ikrkb-aks y Fakbocnfsbs (Ibpkif).

Ka cnefrlk rkvkab quk pksk b kxcstcr unb sc-tubicn iflpacibmb ifn ab mkvbaubicn mka rkba,Pbrbouby scouk tkncknmf su lkgfr mkstcnf kn ka

vkicnf pbs ifn ka ?2% mk pbrtcicpbicn, skoucmfmk Ifafljcb ifn ka :4% y Jfacvcb ifn ka 2%.

Pksk b unb lbyfr sbacmb mk trcof, bn kxcstkun vfaulkn balbiknbmf mka ikrkba, rksuatbmf mkab ifskidb mka bf pbsbmf, kn mkpsctfs mk Batf

Pbrbn, Ctbpb y Ibboubz.Ab [ncn mk Orklcfs mk ab Prfmuiicn

([OP) kakv ab vfz mk prkfiupbicn pfr ab eba-tb mk mksbacgf mk un vfaulkn clpfrtbntk qukrfnmbrb abs =00 000 tfnkabmbs, b cncicfs mk abnukvb sckljrb.

Ab kxcstknicb kn scafs aako b ncvkaks quk nfsk baibnzbjb dbik iubtrf bfs b ibusb mk ab ksib-sb vkntb pfr ab mkvbaubicn mka prkicf mka ikrkba.

Jbgbn abs kxpfrtbicfnks mk lbz,pkrf bulkntb ab cnmustrcbaczbicnLknfs rkb mk sckljrb, lbyfr prfmuitcvcmbm,rkmuiicn mk ab prfmuiicn k cnirklkntf mk abcnmustrcbaczbicn sfn broulkntfs sacmfs y bi-tubaks quk ifnickrnkn b ab lknfr kxpfrtbicn mklbz kn kstbmf nbturba.

Ka cnefrlk mk ab Ilbrb Pbrboubyb mk Kx-pfrtbmfrks y Iflkricbaczbmfrks mk Ikrkbaks yFakbocnfsbs (Ibpkif) cnmcib quk dbstb ekjrkrfabs kxpfrtbicfnks mk lbz ibykrfn ::,4%, puksmk :,5 lcaafnks mk tfnkabmbs knvcbmbs kn ka:02=, jbgbrfn b : lcaafnks kxpfrtbmbs murbntkka prkskntk bf.

Yk pukmk iflprknmkr quk kstbs icerbs fjk-mkikn mcrkitblkntk b unb lknfr rkb mk sckl-jrb (-9;%) kn ka :02=, quk rkmunm kn un :0%lknfs mk vfaulkn mk prfmuiicn, iflpbrbtcvb-lkntk b ab zberb :0298 scn kljbrof, nf tfmf ks

nkobtcvf b sclpak vcstb.[nf mk afs puntfs ls clpfrtbntks euk ka

cnirklkntf mk ab prfmuitcvcmbm kn tfrnf b un

24% kn ab atclb zberb. Bmkls, abs cnmustrcbsquk prfiksbn ka lbz ofzbn mk juknb sbaum y sc-oukn blpacbnmf ab mklbnmb mka ikrkba, skon kacnefrlk mk Ifluncibicn Kstrbtocib mk Borf-nkoficfs (IflkBorf).

[nb mk abs cnmustrcbs efrtbakicmbs ks ab mkktbnfa, quk scouk irkicknmf b pbsfs bocobntb-mfs, prfvkyknmf jcfifljustcjak y ab prftknbmk lbz pbrb ifnsulf bnclba. [nbs ;00 000tfnkabmbs mk lbz sfn prfiksbmbs pfr kstbs cn-mustrcbs.

Bmkls, abs cnmustrcbs mk balcmn mk lbn-mcfib scoukn bulkntbnmf su nkikscmbm, bntk abksibsb prfmuiicn mk lbnmcfib, bntkrcfr lbtk-rcb prclb utcaczbmb kn ka rknoan cnmustrcba. Ykkstclb quk ls mk :00 000 tfnkabmbs mk lbzsfn bjsfrjcmbs pfr kstk skitfr.

Iflf sc eukrb pfif, abs cnmustrcbs mk jbabn-ikbmfs scoukn bulkntbnmf su prfiksblckntf

pbrb btknmkr ab irkickntk prfmuiicn mk akidk,dukvfs y ibrnk mk pfaaf, ikrmf y vbiunb. Pkrf nfsfaf ks ab blpacbicn mk ab ibpbicmbm cnmustrcba

mk abs pabntbs kxcstkntks, scnf ab dbjcactbicn mkftrbs quk scoukn mbnmf vbafr borkobmf ba ikrkbals ifnsulcmf kn ab tckrrb. Kn Pbrbouby abspabntbs mk jbabnikbmfs lukakn ikrib mk =00 000tfnkabmbs bprfxclbmblkntk, tftbaczbnmf kntrkabs trks rkbs cnmustrcbaks, unb lfacknmb mk 2,2lcaafnks mk tfnkabmbs.


9/96Prfmuitcvb | 3


10/9620 | Prfmuitcvb

CnefBorf

Ka 20% mka cnorksf oknkrbmf pfr absfgb ks mkstcnbmf b ifntrfabr ab rfybAb rfyb bsctcib pbs b skr unf mk afs rcvbaks lsclpfrtbntks mk ab prfmuiicn mk sfgb kn ka pbs.

Kn ka sklcnbrcf mknflcnbmf Bnacscs mk absctubicn kpcmklcfaocib mk ab rfyb y sus ifn-skiuknicbs kn ka iuatcvf mk ab sfgb kn ka iciaf:02=/:02;, frobnczbmf pfr ka Ykrvcicf Nbicf-nba mk Ibacmbm y Ybncmbm Ukoktba y mk Yklcaabs(Yknbvk) y bpfybmf pfr ab Bsficbicn mk Prf-muitfrks mk Yfgb, Ikrkbaks y Fakbocnfsbs (BPY),

ka Cno. Bor. _caercmf Lfrka, kxprks quk ka ifstfb ncvka pbs kn ab prkskntk tklpfrbmb mka ifntrfamk ab rfyb bsiknmkrb b [YM :3=,5 lcaafnks, qukrkprkskntb ka 20% mka cnorksf tftba mk mcvcsbs ok-nkrbmf pfr ab fakbocnfsb.

Ka tincif mk abrob trbykitfrcb prksknt abYctubicn mk ab rfyb mk ab sfgb kn ka pbs, ka ib-ritkr kpcmklcfaocif bituba, bmkls mk abs mc-iuatbmks kn ka ifntrfa qulcif y ka lbnkgf mk abknekrlkmbm. Bs tbljcn, ka Mr. Gfs ]bmbsdcSfrcnfrc, kxpusf ab sctubicn jrbscakb.

Lfrka kxpaci quk sk fjskrvb unb kpcmklcbskvkrb kn abs rkocfnks mk Batf Pbrbn, Ibncn-mky, Ibboubz k Ctbpb, borbvbmb pfr ab jbgbkibicb mk afs eunocicmbs trbmcicfnbaks, af quk

oknkrb un batf nlkrf mk bpacibicfnks, af quk,b vkz, bulkntb ka ifstf mk prfmuiicn b ab yb rk-muicmb prfmuitcvcmbm, af quk pukmk mkrcvbr kn kaifntrfa cnsfstkncjak mk ab knekrlkmbm.

Cnmci, quk unbs : 900 000 dkitrkbs mkiuatcvf mk sfgb prkskntbn rbnofs kpcmklcfa-ocifs, af quk clpacib un ifstf prflkmcf mk[YM 20: pfr dkitrkb mk eunocicmb, lckntrbsquk 2 :00 000 prkskntbn lknfr cnicmknicb ifnun ifstf prflkmcf mk [YM ;0 pfr dkitrkb.

Ab borkscvb cnekstbicn mk ab rfyb bsctcib(Pdbhfpsfrb pbidyrdczc) kn abs pabntbicfnks

tbrmbs mk sfgb y ab rkscstknicb mksbrrfaabmb pfrab pabob b mcekrkntks prfmuitfs tfsbnctbrcfs,

bmkls mk fibscfnbr iubntcfsbs prmcmbs, oknk-

rb unb vkrmbmkrb prkfiupbicn kn afs prfmuitf-rks y frobncslfs kstbtbaks.

Ksf sk mksprknmk mk abs kxpfscicfnks qukeukrfn mksbrrfaabmbs kn abs afibacmbmks mk YbntbZctb y Fjacobmf.

Pfr su pbrtk, ka prkscmkntk mka Yknbvk, Cno.Bor. Zkocs Lkrkaks, lbncekst quk ab cnstctuicnkst mkacnkbnmf abs biicfnks quk skrn clpak-lkntbmbs, ifn ka fjgktcvf mk lctcobr afs kekitfsy ifntrfabr ab prfacekrbicn mk ab knekrlkmbm.

Lkrkaks biabr quk af bntks pfscjak skrnifnvfibmfs rkprkskntbntks mk afs skitfrks prf-muitcvfs mk lbnkrb b sficbaczbr abs lkmcmbs bskr bpacibmbs.

Bmkabnt quk kntrk ftrfs bspkitfs sk kstbnbaczbnmf ab kibicb y ab murbicn mk ab pbusb

tfsbnctbrcb vcokntk pbrb ka iuatcvf mk ab sfgb, bs

iflf ab ksibsb mcspfncjcacmbm mk lbtkrcbaks ok-ntcifs rkscstkntks b ab knekrlkmbm.

Bitubalkntk, ka pkrcfmf mk ab pbusb tfsb-

nctbrcb vb mka 2 mk guncf ba 90 bofstf, tcklpf knka quk tfmbs abs rkbs mk iuatcvf pbrb ab prfmui-icn mk orbnfs y sklcaabs mk sfgb, sfgbs oubidbsy dfspkmbntks batkrnbtcvfs mk ab knekrlkmbmmkjkn lbntknkrsk acjrk mka iuatcvf, f skb, scnpabntbs vcvbs mk ab fakbocnfsb.

Ibjk rkifrmbr quk ka Pdbhfpsfrb pbidyr-dczcks un pbtoknf jcftrif, quk nf sfjrkvc-vk kn afs rkscmufs mk ifskidb cnekitbmfs, pkrfs pfr unfs ;0 mbs kn abs pabntbs vfauntbrcbsquk nbikn mkspus mk ab ifskidb, y pukmk mk-sbrrfaabrsk luy rpcmblkntk sc sk prkskntbnifnmcicfnks bljckntbaks ebvfrbjaks, cnekitbnmfrpcmblkntk ba dfspkmbntk.


11/96Prfmuitcvb | 22


12/96


14/962= | Prfmuitcvb

Idcak ks lflkntnkblkntk ka prcnicpbamkstcnf mk ab ibrnk pbrboubybIdcak ak sbib unb vkntbgb b Zuscb ba ikrrbrsk afs

mfs prclkrfs lksks mka bf :02; y sk ifnsfacmbiflf ka prcnicpba mkstcnf mk ab ibrnk pbrboubyb.

Kn ka prclkr jclkstrk mka bf ka lkribmftrbsbnmcnf pkrlctc cnorksfs pfr vbafr mk [YM==,4 lcaafnks, bunquk kn vfaulkn scouk scknmfcnekrcfr ba pbs kurfbsctcif, ifn un rkocstrf mk 4

;;; tfnkabmbs.Zuscb, pfr su pbrtk, bqukgbmb pfr unb eukrtk

ircscs kifnlcib quk oknkr ab mkvbaubicn mk

su lfnkmb, bmqucrc ibrnk pbrboubyb pfr vbafrmk [YM 9;,2 lcaafnks, ifn un vfaulkn mk 20 3;3tfnkabmbs, rkocstrnmfsk unf mk afs prflkmcfsmk vkntb ls jbgfs mk ab atclb mibmb, ifn bpk-nbs [YM 9 :00 ab tfnkabmb.

Jrbsca, b ab vkz, scouk scknmf ka tkrikr rkikp-tfr ls clpfrtbntk kn af quk vb mka bf mk abibrnk pbrboubyb, ifn un vbafr mk [YM :?,2 lc-aafnks, pfr un vfaulkn mk ; :39 tfnkabmbs mk

ibrnk jfvcnb.

Brrbni ka skounmf pkrcfmf mkvbiunbicn ifntrb ab betfsb

Ka Ykrvcicf Nbicfnba mk Ibacmbm y YbaumBnclba (Yknbisb) kstbjakic ka skounmf

pkrcfmf mk vbiunbicn ifntrb ab kjrk be-

tfsb :02;, kn tfmf ka tkrrctfrcf nbicfnba,ifrrkspfnmckntk b abs ibtkofrbs tkrnkrfs,mkslblbntks lbidfs y dkljrbs (jfvcnfsy jujbacnfs) y su rkocstrf.

Ka skounmf pkrcfmf mk vbiunbicnifntrb ab kjrk betfsb mka bf :02; klpk-z ka 5 mk bjrca y sk kxtknmkr dbstb ka 4 mklbyf mka :02;, y ka rkocstrf dbstb ka :: mk

lbyf mk :02;.

CnefPkiubrcb

Kiubmfr cncicb pabn mk lkgfrblckntfobnbmkrf ifn okntcib pbrboubybAb okntcib mk jfvcnfs mksbrrfaabmb kn Pbrb-ouby kst scknmf rkifnficmb pfr su ibacmbm. Bs

iflf sk bnunicbjb dbik vbrcfs bfs, pbrkik skrquk kn kstk :02; sk pfmr ifnsulbr ka cntkrs mkafs kiubtfrcbnfs pfr bnclbaks mk rbzb Jrbnous,Jrbdlbn, Jrbefrm y Nkafrk ircbmfs kn nukstrfpbs.

Ab mklbnmb ikrtkrb skrb mk unbs 2: 000ibjkzbs mk rkprfmuitfrks, prkekrkntklkntk

dkljrbs prkbmbs y nf prkbmbs, cnefrl kaprkscmkntk mk ab Bsficbicn Zurba mka Pbrbouby(BZP), Mr. Okrln Zuz.

Bntks mk ifniaucr ka prclkr sklkstrk mk

kstk bf Pbrbouby kxpfrtbrb unb prclkrb pbr-tcmb mk 2 000 kgklpabrks kn pck pfr vb brkb.Mcidbs okstcfnks kstn scknmf kgkiutbmbs pfr kaMr. Lbrifs Lkmcnb, vciklcncstrf mk Obnbmkrb.

Kstf ks un pbsf clpfrtbntk pbrb ab dcstfrcbmk ab obnbmkrb lfmkrnb mk Pbrbouby, quk kno-afjb unb eukrtk cnvkrscn pfr ab bmbptbicn mk

obnbmf mk batb ibacmbm b abs ifnmcicfnks afibaksy ab cntrfmuiicn mk ab dcjrcmbicn b trbvs mkab iruzb kntrk rbzbs ikjucnbs y jrctncibs, qukmckrfn frcokn ba Jrbnous y ba Jrbefrm, bunqukka obnbmf jabnif, b ab pbr scouk mksbrrfaabnmfunb batb okntcib.

Ka Mr. Zcibrmf Ekatks, mcrkitfr oknkrba mk

Ykrvcicfs ]incifs mka Ykrvcicf Nbicfnba mk Ib-acmbm y Ybaum Bnclba (Yknbisb), cnefrl quk ybsk bifrm ab dflfafobicn mka prftfifaf sbnctb-rcf pbrb ab kxpfrtbicn y ka prfiksf kst bituba-lkntk kn ab ktbpb iflkricba, ifn ab skakiicn yiubrkntknb mk afs bnclbaks.

Pfr su pbrtk, ka vciklcncstrf Lbrifs Lk-mcnb cnefrl quk ka clpfrtbmfr ks ka Ofjckrnf

mk Kiubmfr y quk abs nkoficbicfnks kstn scknmfkniblcnbmbs b trbvs mk un ifnvkncf lbrif r-lbmf kntrk ka Lcncstkrcf mk Borciuaturb y Pksibmk ksk pbs y ka Lcncstkrcf mk Borciuaturb y Ob-nbmkrb (LBO) mk Pbrbouby.

Kiubmfr mkicmc quk ab okntcib pbrboubybskb su jbsk mkntrf mk un pabn mk lkgfrblckntfk cnikntcvf mk ab prfmuiicn pkiubrcb kn su pbs.Abs rbzfnks eunmblkntbaks mk kstb mktkrlcnb-icn eukrfn ab cmkntcibicn mk kgklpabrks mk

rbzbs ifn batb ibacmbm mk ibrnk y ifn orbn bmbp-tbjcacmbm ba iaclb trfpciba y sujtrfpciba.


15/96Prfmuitcvb | 2;



Kntrkvcstb

Gfs Jkrkb

Afs prfykitfs mk clpukstfs quk rfnmbn kn ka

Pbrablkntf pukmkn rkmuicr ka rkb mk pabntf mk sfgb

Ab prcnicpba prkfiupbicnquk berfntb ka skitfr prf-muitcvf ks ab cntknicn mkbaounfs pfatcifs mk orbvbrab sfgb y, mkpknmcknmf mkafs prfykitfs, dbstb ka trc-of, ka ocrbsfa y ka lbz. Nffjstbntk, ka borf, pksk b kx-

pkrclkntbr unb murb sctub-icn, scouk trbjbgbnmf pbrbpfscicfnbr ba pbs iflforbn prfvkkmfr mk baclkn-tfs. Gfs Jkrkb, prkscmkntkmk ab Ilbrb Pbrboubyb mkKxpfrtbmfrks y Iflkricbac-zbmfrks mk Ikrkbaks y Fakb-ocnfsbs (Ibpkif) iflpbrtkabs prclkrbs kxpkitbtcvbsmk ifskidb mk ab sfgb y kalbz zbercb.

Ilf brrbni kstk pkrcfmf mk kxpfrtbicf-nks mk sfgb6

Ka rctlf mk abs kxpfrtbicfnks kst vcncknmf jckn.Kst ifrrcknmf nfrlbalkntk pbrb af quk skrb ka bvbn-ik mk ab zberb. Ka mksbacgf iflknz mksmk knkrf pfrquksk bmkabnt tbljcn ab ifskidb y ksf dczf quk tbljcnnfsftrfs nfs bmkabntrblfs kn abs kxpfrtbicfnks.

Dujf baon cnifnvknckntk kn ka mksbacgfkn afs pukrtfs brokntcnfs iflf, oknkrbalkntk,fiurrk kn kstb pfib6

Nf, dbstb bdfrb Brokntcnb nf trbj nbmb. Ab vkr-mbm quk ab ifskidb brokntcnb bn nf iflknz. Afs prf-jaklbs kn ksk pbs sukakn mbrsk ls bmkabntk, b pbrtcrmk guncf y guacf. Ukrklfs ilf sk vb mksbrrfaabnmf kabf pbrb kaafs, yb quk ks unb tklpfrbmb kspkicba pbrbafs brokntcnfs, puks ks un bf pfatcif, bs quk pcknsfquk afs scnmcibtfs kstbrn fiupbmfs kn ftrbs tbrkbs y,tba vkz, nfs mkgkn un pfif ls trbnqucafs kstk bf.

Ilf tkrlcn ab zberb mk sfgb6 Kxcstknmbtfs ls ifnsfacmbmfs b kstb baturb6

Bn nf tknklfs afs nlkrfs nbaks, nf fjstbntk,

db tkrlcnbmf unb ifskidb clpfrtbntk mk sfgb nfrlba,quk ab pfmrblfs kstclbr, bunquk skrb unb icerb bprk-surbmb, kn ?,; lcaafnks mk tfnkabmbs. Nfs qukmb pfrakvbntbr ab sfgb zbercb, quk kst kn tfrnf b ?00 000dkitrkbs quk bn nf eukrfn ifskidbmbs.

Ksb ifskidb pfmrb iflpknsbr kn baof ablkrlb rkocstrbmb kn ab zberb nfrlba :02=/2;6

Y, pfmrb iflpknsbr abs lkrlbs rkocstrbmbs kn

ab zberb nfrlba y ab zbercb pfmrb oknkrbr ikrib mk unlcaan mk tfnkabmbs ls, quk nfs pfscicfnbrb kn un

nlkrf lknfr ba bf pbsbmf, pkrf tblpfif skrb tbnlbaf.

Ab zbercb pfmrb oknkrbr ikrib mkun lcaan mk tfnkabmbs ls, quk nfspfscicfnbrb kn un nlkrf lknfr ba bfpbsbmf, pkrf tblpfif skrb tbn lbaf

Ilf sk prfnfstcib ab zberb mk lbz ytbljcn mka trcof, quk ks ka scouckntk rujrf knksiknb6

Yk dbjab mk unb rkmuiicn mka rkb mk trcof, bun-quk bn nf iflknz b skljrbrsk. Kn ka ibsf mka lbz,

sk dbjab mk unbs 5;0 000 dkitrkbs skljrbmbs y kstifrrcknmf jbstbntk ab iblpbb. Kstbs aauvcbs dbn jk-nkicbmf b ab zbercb mk lbz y kstf sk ifskidbr kn

lbyf. Ifn mfs aauvcbs ls mkntrf mk af quk qukmb knsu pkrcfmf, kstbrblfs tkncknmf unb juknb ifskidb mkksk rujrf. Yk kstclb unb luy juknb ifskidb mk lbzquk pfmrb baibnzbr ikrib mk = lcaafnks mk tfnkabmbs.

Kstblfs dbjabnmf mk un vfaulkn dcst-rcif kn lbz6

Ks luy jukn vfaulkn. Pbrb ka rkb skljrbmbrkbalkntk skrb unb kxikakntk ifskidb.

Yc jckn bn nf brrbnib ab iblpbb mk trc-of, afs prkicfs jbgfs tbljcn guobrbn kn ifn-

Ukrklfs ilf sk vb mk-sbrrfaabnmf ka bf pbrbkaafs, yb quk ks unb tkl-pfrbmb kspkicba pbrb afsbrokntcnfs, puks ks unbf pfatcif

Db tkrlcnbmf unb ifsk-idb clpfrtbntk mk sfgb,quk ab pfmrblfs kstc-lbr, bunquk skrb unbicerb bprksurbmb, kn ?,;lcaafnks mk tfnkabmbs


17/96Prfmuitcvb | 2?

Ecidb pkrsfnba

Gfs Jkrkb tcknk 5= bfs mkkmbm y ks tincif kn iflkr-icf kxtkrcfr. Nbic kn Brokn-

tcnb y dbik ls mk 9; bfsrkscmk kn Pbrbouby.

B prcnicpcfs mk ab m-ibmb mk afs ?0 iflknz surkabicfnblckntf ifn Pbrb-ouby, pfr lkmcf mka trbsjfr-mf mk lkribmkrbs pbrboub-ybs kn pukrtfs brokntcnfs. Bnbaks mk bqukaab pfib sk

trbsabm b nukstrf pbs pbrbprkstbr skrvcicfs kn abs kl-prksbs borfkxpfrtbmfrbs.

Yk mksknvfavc kn vbrcbs

rlbs clpfrtbntks. Kntrkkaabs sk kniukntrbn7 BorfIdbif, Borf Ikrkbaks, BML,Ycaf Blbljby, Luatcorbnfsy Ucikntn, mfnmk trbjbgbdbik ls mk 20 bfs y, bi-

tubalkntk, fiupb ka ibrof mkMcrkitfr Oknkrba.



Kntrkvcstb

Yk kstclb unb luy juk-nb ifskidb mk lbz qukpfmrb baibnzbr ikrib mk= lcaafnks mk tfnkabmbs

Afs prkicfs sfn mktkr-lcnbntks pbrb afs trksprfmuitfs kn kstk bf.Kn sfgb, trcof y lbz

rkbalkntk dby unb mk-prkicbicn luy clpfr-tbntk ifn rkabicn b afsatclfs bfs y ksf kstpkrgumcibnmf ka jfascaafmka prfmuitfr

Ksf af skoucr dbickn-mf ifn lbyfr f lknfr

rcnmk mk su iuatcvf. Irkfquk nf sk mkgb mk pabntbr,pkrf kn rkntbjcacmbm kstb-r ifn ka icnturn luidfls bprktbmf, bunquk ksftbljcn sbjk sfjrkaakvbr-af ka prfmuitfr

trb mk ab sckljrb6 F sk rkpktcrb ab sctubicn

mka :02=, iubnmf afs prfmuitfrks ifskidbrfnlbz y sk mkicmckrfn b skljrbr tbrmblkntk katrcof, ibljcbnmf abs icerbs nbaks kspkrbmbs

kn bquka lflkntf6Kspkrklfs quk skb bs. ]fmf sk db bmkabntbmf.

Pbrb afs prclkrfs mbs mk lbyf kstbrblfs ifskidbn-mf lbz y sk pfmrb kstbr pabntbnmf kniclb trcof. Nftknklfs pfr bdfrb cnmcibtcvfs mka rkb b skljrbr, pkrfpukmk quk kst kn tfrnf b abs 500 000 dkitrkbs f ks-pkrblfs quk kst pfr kniclb mk ksb icerb.

Afs prkicfs sfn mktkrlcnbntks pbrb afs trks prf-muitfs kn kstk bf. Kn sfgb, trcof y lbz rkbalkntkdby unb mkprkicbicn luy clpfrtbntk ifn rkabicn bafs atclfs bfs y ksf kst pkrgumcibnmf ka jfascaaf mka

prfmuitfr.

Ilf kstn bekitbnmf ksfs jbgfs ncvkaksmk rkntbjcacmbm6 Dby rkmuiicn kn abs cnvkr-scfnks6

Yc, pfr supukstf. Yk irkk quk [YM 2 000 lcaafnksmkgbr mk cnorksbr ba pbs kn ka icriuctf. Ksk lfntf nfcnorksb ba pbs mcrkitblkntk y ksf scn mumb bekitbr btfmb ab ibmknb.

Kstfs ncvkaks jbgfs mk prkicfs bpbrkntk-lkntk nf sk ifnefrlbrn kn bekitbr kstb ibl-pbb :02=/2;, scnf quk tbljcn ab scouckntk,pfr afs batfs vfalknks mk stfih y pkrspkitcvbsmka [YMB Ksf pfmrb bibrrkbr baon kekitfnkobtcvf kn nukstrf scstklb mk prfmuiicn,iflf ab rkmuiicn mka rkb mk sckljrb, pfrkgklpaf6

Nf irkf quk bekitk kn ka rkb mk sckljrb pfrqukka prfmuitfr scklprk dbik af quk sbjk dbikr. a sbjkpabntbr, iucmbr su iuatcvf y ifskidbr y vfavkr b prkpb-rbrsk pbrb ka prxclf rujrf. Ksf af skoucr dbicknmfifn lbyfr f lknfr rcnmk mk su iuatcvf. Irkf quk nf skmkgb mk pabntbr, pkrf kn rkntbjcacmbm kstbr ifn ka icn-turn luidf ls bprktbmf, bunquk ksf tbljcn sbjksfjrkaakvbraf ka prfmuitfr. Uknclfs mk unfs bfs mkjfnbnzb mk prkicf y prfmuitcvcmbm8 dfy kstblfs ifn

prkicfs jbgfs y mkjklfs bgustbrnfs ka icnturn.

B cncicfs mk kstk bf dujf unb eukrtk prk-

scn, b trbvs mk vbrcfs prfykitfs mk aky quk prk-tknmkn orbvbr ab sfgb y, kn baounfs ibsfs, cniausfka trcof y ka lbz. Ilf kst vcknmf ka bvbnikmk kstk ksiknbrcf y ilf kstn trbjbgbnmf kstfsebitfrks mksmk ka puntf mk vcstb orklcba6

Ycnikrblkntk, nfs prkfiupbn kstfs prfykitfs qukdfy kstn icriuabnmf kn ka Pbrablkntf, pfrquk nfs vbn

b ifnmcicfnbr luidf y ksf s pukmk skr lftcvf mk rk-muiicn mka rkb mk pabntf mk sfgb, af quk kntfrpkikrbka irkiclckntf sfstkncmf quk vknclfs tkncknmf. Kstfcniausf pfmrb oknkrbr un mkirkiclckntf mka rkb mksckljrb sc ks quk sk bpacibn ksfs clpukstfs. Pfr bdfrbtk mcrb quk kstblfs fjskrvbnmf ilf sk mksbrrfaabnafs bifntkiclckntfs y ikakjrblfs abs lbncekstbicfnksmk afs lckljrfs mka Pfmkr Kgkiutcvf, iflf ka Prksc-mkntk (Dfrbicf Ibrtks), Ucikprkscmkntk (Gubn Bebrb),ka kxlcncstrf mk Dbicknmb (Okrln Zfgbs) y ka bitubalcncstrf (Ybntcbof Pkb), qucknks mkgbrfn kn iabrfquk kstn kn ifntrb mk iubaquckr nukvf clpukstf quksk quckrb bpacibr kn ka skitfr. ]cknkn luy iabrf ksf

pfrquk afs trcjutfs quk kstblfs pbobnmf bdfrb sfnbatfs y ka skitfr kst dfnrbnmf sus iflprflcsfs clpf-sctcvfs, dkidf quk tbljcn ikakjrblfs.

]cknkn luy iabrf ksf pfrquk afs trc-jutfs quk kstblfs pbobnmf bdfrb sfnbatfs y ka skitfr kst dfnrbnmf susiflprflcsfs clpfsctcvfs, dkidf quktbljcn ikakjrblfs

Ucknmf ka bpfrtk mka skitfr b trbvs mka Crb-orf y ka CUB Borfpkiubrcf, dfy ka borf kst cn-

ykitbnmf un eukrtk ibpctba b abs bribs mka Kstbmf.Dby un skouclckntf pbrb sbjkr kn mnmk sfncnvkrtcmfs ksfs rkiursfs, mk lfmf b ifntrfabrsc sfn rkcnvkrtcmfs kn abs nkikscmbmks mka skitfrrurba6

Ka skitfr kst pbobnmf sus clpukstfs, ksf vb kakrbrcf pjacif y aukof ab mcstrcjuicn quk sk dbik ksib-pb mk nukstrf ifntrfa, cniausf mk nukstrf ifnficlckn-tf. Af quk s skouclfs rkiablbnmf ks lbyfr cnerbks-

truiturb y baounbs tbrkbs pknmckntks pbrb nukstrbsrkocfnks quk scklprk pkmclfs ba Ofjckrnf quk pfnoblbnfs b ab fjrb kn ksfs tklbs. Bs quk pfr unb pbrtk,vblfs b skoucr rkiablbnmf, pkrf pfr ftrb, skoucrklfspbobnmf nukstrfs clpukstfs rkacocfsblkntk iflf afsmkjklfs dbikr.

Dby ftrb prkfiupbicn dfy kn mb f katklb mka clpukstf ks ab prcnicpba6

Dfy irkf quk ks ab prcnicpba, pfrquk kn Pbrboubytbljcn kstblfs kn un bf pfatcif y nf qukrklfs skrafs pbtfs mk ab jfmb kn kstf y quk pfr pkakbs cntkrnbspfatcibs quckrbn pkrgumcibr b nukstrf skitfr quk rkba-lkntk ks ka lftfr mk ab kifnflb.

Baon lknsbgk quk quckrb mkgbrnfsAks rkiflcknmf b tfmfs afs prfmuitfrks quk bgus-

tkn su icntf, yb quk afs prkicfs nf sfn afs lcslfs ifn

afs iubaks nfs lbabifstuljrblfs kn abs atclbs ibl-pbbs. Pfr ftrb pbrtk, quk scobn bmkabntk, puks nukstrforklcf scklprk skoucr mkeknmcnmfafs.


20/96:0 | Prfmuitcvb

Zftbicn k cntkorbicn obnbmkrbrkmuikn ab prkscn mk lbakzbs kn brrfzbaks

Kn ab gfrnbmb mk iblpf mksbrrfaabmb kn ka ekumf mkKabmcb Y.B., kn Ybn Conbicf Lcscfnks, kn ka lbrif mkab 5 Eckstb mk ab Ifskidb mka Brrfz, frobnczbmb pfr abBsficbicn mk Prfmuitfrks mk Brrfz mka ]kjciubry, skmckrfn b ifnfikr cnefrlbicfnks vbafrbjaks kn iubntfba lbnkgf mk lbakzbs quk, kn ab bitubacmbm, sfn absprcnicpbaks knklcobs kn abs pbrikabs mk brrfz.

Ka Cno. Bor. Lbrafn Lbrquks, bsksfr tincif mk ab

klprksb, iflknt quk ab zberb :02=/2; cntkor unbs? 000 dkitrkbs y quk euk mksbecbntk pfrquk kstuvfibrobmb mk clpfrtbntks aauvcbs, pkrf pksk b kaaf afs ncvk-aks prflkmcfs mk rknmclckntf fsicabrfn afs 4 000 hcafspfr dkitrkb. Mkntrf mk ksb supkrick sk mckrfn pcifs mk

prfmuitcvcmbm mk 20 000 y 20 ;00 hcafs pfr dkitrkb.Iflknt quk ka fjgktcvf mk ab klprksb kst ifl-

prflktcmf ifn ka trbjbgf, tkncknmf kn iukntb ka lbnk-gf iuaturba quk vcknk lkgfrbnmf bnubalkntk.

Ab pfib mk sckljrb sk kxtknmc mksmk ka 20 mkbofstf dbstb ka :0 mk nfvckljrk. Mkntrf mk ksk pkrcf-mf dujf vbrcbicfnks mk prfmuitcvcmbm kn ka lflkntfmk ab ifskidb, bunquk, kn trlcnfs oknkrbaks, afs rkn-mclckntfs sk lbntuvckrfn ba ncvka kspkrbmf, ifnscmk-rbnmf ka tblbf mka rkb.

Abs sckljrbs tklprbnkrbs tuvckrfn kn kstb zberb

un lkgfr iflpfrtblckntf, sfjrk tfmf bqukaabs rkb-aczbmbs b nbaks mk bofstf, yb quk kn paknb ktbpb mk

frbicn dujf mbs mk juknb aulcnfscmbm quk pkr-

lctckrfn un jukn ibrobmf mk orbnfs. Abs sckljrbs mknfvckljrk bn nf eukrfn ifskidbmbs ba lflkntf mkrkbaczbrsk ab gfrnbmb mk iblpf.

LbakzbsIflf euk un bf btpcif ifn luidbs aauvcbs, ka prcn-icpba prfjaklb sk ikntr kn ka ifntrfa mk lbnidbs ef-acbrks. Pbrb ifntrfabrabs sk rkbaczbrfn bpacibicfnks mkeunocicmbs. Kn iubntf b prkscn mk cnskitfs, euk unbzberb scn iflpacibicfnks, bbmc Lbrquks.

Ka prfjaklb mk efnmf ks ab prkscn mk lbakzbs,

prcnicpbalkntk mka brrfz ifafrbmf (Fryzb sbtcvb).Ab prclkrb mktkrlcnbicn pbrb ifntrfabr ab prk-

scn mk lbakzbs ks ka usf mk vbrckmbmks mk brrfz Iakbr-kam. Pkrf, bmkls, rkbaczbn un lbnkgf lkincif mk

brrbnquk mk ab dckrjb cnmkskbmb, quk nf ks ifntrfabmbpfr ka dkrjcicmb.

Yc jckn rkprkskntb un kakvbmf ifstf mk prfmui-icn, sk iukntb ifn ab obrbntb mk quk sk pfmr iuatcvbrluidfs bfs ls kn ksk tkrrknf.

Bpbrtk mka ifntrfa qulcif ifn afs dkrjcicmbs,ifntrfa tincif y brrbnquk lbnuba mk abs lbakzbs, knkstk iblpf sk vcknk trbjbgbnmf ab rftbicn mk abs pbr-ikabs mk brrfz ifn ab pkiubrcb, ifn af iuba sk rkocstrb

unb knfrlk rkmuiicn mk ab prkscn mk abs dckrjbs cl-prfmuitcvbs.

Ka brrfz ifafrbmf klkrok b pbrtcr mk afs lksks mk

Borciuaturb Prfmuitcvb

Ab rftbicn mk pbrik-abs y ab cniauscn mkab obnbmkrb kn tkrrk-nfs mkstcnbmfs ba iua-tcvf mka brrfz mcslcnu-ykrfn abs prkscfnks mkdckrjbs cnmkskbmbs

kn afs brrfzbaks y, bab pbr, lkgfrbrfn afsncvkaks mk prfmuitcvc-mbm kn ab irb mk tkr-nkrfs prbitcibmb knka kstbjakiclckntf mkKabmcb Y.B., mfnmk skmksbrrfaa ab 5 Ecks-tb mk ab Ifskidb mkBrrfz.

Borciuaturb Prfmuitcvb


21/96Prfmuitcvb | :2

sktckljrk, fitujrk, nfvckljrk y mcickljrk, cniausfdbstb knkrf, pfr knmk, kn ksb pfib sk ak cnikntcvb pbrbquk nbzib ba lflkntf mk ab rbstrb, mk tba efrlb b tknkrunb dkrrblckntb ls bpbrtk mka dkrjcicmb.

ObnbmkrbYc jckn ka brrfz ks ab bitcvcmbm prcnicpba, ka obnbmf skjknkicb mka rbstrfgf mka brrfz dbstb :0 mbs bntks mk

ab sckljrb8 ks mkicr, pbsb pbstfrkbnmf murbntk tfmf kacnvckrnf, kxpaci Lbrquks.

Kn ksk skntcmf, ka prfpcktbrcf mka kstbjakiclckntf,Conbicf Dkcskihk, kxprks quk kn kstfs scktk bfs mkkxpkrcknicb fjtuvckrfn rksuatbmfs batblkntk sbtcsebi-tfrcfs tbntf pbrb ab prfmuiicn pkiubrcb iflf pbrb abborifab.

Mksmk ka puntf mk vcstb borifab sk jusib kvctbr abkxtrbiicn mk ab tckrrb, mnmfak un mksibnsf pbrb qukpukmb skoucr lbntkncknmf murbntk jbstbntk tcklpf suprfmuitcvcmbm. Kn ab pkiubrcb ka clpbitf tbljcn ksclpfrtbntk, puks lkgfrbn afs nmciks prfmuitcvfs.

Ka prfpcktbrcf prkics quk ba cncicf mka scstklb mkcntkorbicn ka nmcik mk prkkz, quk kst rkabicfnbmf bakstbmf ifrpfrba mka bnclba, kstbjb kn ka frmkn mk =4%.

Ba bf scouckntk sk prfmugf un sbatf b ;:% y b lkmcmb

quk afs iblpfs eukrfn lkgfrbnmf, ab tbsb mk pbrcicntbljcn euk irkicknmf.

Pbsbmf un pkrcfmf clpfrtbntk, ab tbsb mk prkkzsk gb kn 40% y ab lkrlb kn 5%. Bmkls, ab pkiubrcb

byum b aclpcbr ka iblpf y b ifntrfabr knekrlkmbmks rk-prfmuitcvbs. B su vkz, kn ab obnbnicb mk pksf mcbrcb skrkocstr un prflkmcf mk =00 b 500 orblfs.

Afs cnvckrnfs pbrb ab obnbmkrb sfn luy ebvfrb-jaks mksmk ab clpaklkntbicn mk kstk scstklb cntkorb-mf, yb quk sk utcacz ab pbgb mka brrfz pbrb dbikr ebrmfmk dknf. Yc jckn ka ebrmf nf ks luy nutrctcvf, ks usbmfpbrb baclkntbr b afs bnclbaks, ls sba prftkcib qukbyumb b quk ka bnclba pukmb prfiksbr lkgfr ksb lb-tkrcb skib.

Kabmcb iukntb ifn 20 000 dkitrkbs lkibnczb-mbs, mk abs iubaks ; ;00 dkitrkbs kstn kn prfmuiicnbnubalkntk. Ka lbnkgf fpfrtunf mk afs brrfzbaks ifn-scstk kn ab rftbicn mk mfs bfs mk kxpaftbicn pfr unfmk mksibnsf.

Ab ibrob bnclba ks mk 2,; ibjkzbs pfr mfs dkit-rkbs8 ks mkicr, un tftba mk lca bnclbaks cnlkrsfs kn 2 ;00dkitrkbs.

YfgbKa bsksfr borifab mk Kabmcb mcgf quk mkntrf mka pabnmk rftbicn kstn prfjbnmf ab cnifrpfrbicn mk ab sfgbiflf batkrnbtcvb. Kn kstb zberb abs aauvcbs clpfscjcactb-

rfn un jukn mksbrrfaaf, bunquk kstb pritcib bn kxcoklbyfr mkmcibicn pbrb supkrbr baounfs puntfs irtcifskn su mksbrrfaaf.

Lbrquks lknicfn quk vbn skljrbnmf kntrk 200y :00 dkitrkbs kn ibmb zberb pbrb cr kvbaubnmf afslkgfrks lbtkrcbaks okntcifs. Dbstb dfy kn mb abs vb-rcbjaks tuvckrfn iflpfrtblckntfs kxtrklfs mksmk 900Ho pfr dkitrkb dbstb : ;00 Ho pfr dkitrkb.

Ab tkinfafob b utcaczbr bn nf kst kstbjcaczbmbpfrquk tba vkz mklbnmb lbyfr btknicn.

Pfr su pbrtk, Conbicf Dkcskihk, prfpcktbrcf mka ks-tbjakiclckntf, iflknt quk pksk b vbrcbs prukjbs ifnab fakbocnfsb, bn nf pumckrfn knifntrbrak ka puntflkmcf pbrb pfmkr cntknscibr su sckljrb kn rftbicn

ifn ka brrfz. Ycn kljbrof, kxcstkn ftrfs prfmuitfrks mkab iuknib batb mka ]kjciubry quk kstn mksbrrfaabnmfkstb iuaturb, ifn prflkmcfs mk rknmclckntf mk 2 400hcafs pfr dkitrkb.

FjgktcvfKa orbn fjgktcvf kn Kabmcb, aukof mk scktk bfs mk kx-pkrcknicb, ks klpkzbr b efrlbr okntk pbrb btknmkr knefrlb prfekscfnbaczbmb ka rujrf brrfikrf. Rukrklfsefrlbr juknfs trbitfrcstbs, lbqucncstbs, ks mkicr, tk-

nkr ls iucmbmf kn nukstrbs bitcvcmbmks, mk tba efr-lb b tknkr kstbjcacmbm prfmuitcvb, skba Dkcskihk.

Ftrf puntf clpfrtbntk quk rkprkskntb unb nk-

Cno. Bor. Lbrafn Lbrquks


22/96:: | Prfmuitcvb

ikscmbm ks ab rkmuiicn mk afs ifstfs mk prfmuiicn,lkgfrbnmf kn tfmfs afs skntcmfs, nf sfaf kn ka iblpf,scnf tbljcn kn ab cnerbkstruiturb.

Ks nkiksbrcf kn ka pbs quk ka Ofjckrnf cnvckrtb knun cnstctutf mk cnvkstcobicn pbrb oknkrbr lbtkrcbaksquk tknobn ab ibpbicmbm mk rknmcr 2: 000 b 29 000 hc-afs iflf kn ftrbs pbrtks mka lunmf.

Bmkabnt quk iflf klprksb, iflknzbrn b skl-

jrbr unbs ; 000 dkitrkbs mk brrfz kn ka mkpbrtblkn-tf mk kkljui, kn mfnmk kxcstk un iflprflcsf mkifntrcjucr pbrb ka mksbrrfaaf mk kstb rkocn quk lbnkgbbatfs nmciks mk pfjrkzb.

KxpbnscnKa prkscmkntk mk ab Bsficbicn mk Prfmuitfrks mk Brrfzmka ]kjciubry, Conbicf Dkcskihk, iflknt quk kxcstknbaounfs cntrpcmfs ifnfikmfrks mk ab zfnb mka Idbifquk kstbrbn prkpbrbnmf sukaf pbrb skljrbr brrfz knab zberb :02;/:025.

Ab cmkb ks skljrbr kn ka Jbgf Idbif, bmkls kxcs-tkn cntknicfnks mk trbsabmbr ka iuatcvf b Ifnikpicn y

blpacbr kn ab zfnb mk Ybn Pkmrf, kn mfnmk sk kxpkrc-lkntbrb unb rkvfauicn kifnlcib.

Kn ksk skntcmf, sk kstbjakik iflf unb nkikscmbmka Pabn Nbicfnba mka Brrfz, quk pabntkb vbrcfs puntfs,kntrk afs iubaks rksbatb ka rkfrmknblckntf tkrrctfrcba,mk tba efrlb b tknkr unb kxpbnscn sfstkncmb.

Kn trlcnfs oknkrbaks, ab prfmuiicn nbicfnba mkbrrfz kn ab zberb :02=/:02; skr mk 300 000 tfnkab-mbs, quk rkprkskntb un cnirklkntf mk 22%, iflpbrbtc-vblkntk b ab zberb bntkrcfr.

Ka rkb mk sckljrb ks supkrcfr b abs 2:0 000 dki-trkbs, bunquk pbrb kstb iblpbb, skon ka prfpcktbrcfmk Kabmcb Y.B. y prkscmkntk mk ab BPB], ab scouckntk zberbtknmr un lbribmf cnirklkntf mk ab supkrick pfr rk-

ocstrbrsk vbrcbs cnvkrscfnks kn mcekrkntks pbrtks mka pbs.Ka ftrf mksbef sk cnstbab kn tfrnf b ab pfscjcacmbm

mk cnorksbr b nukvfs lkribmfs iflf Yuczb, Csrbka k Crbh.

Yklcaab ikrtcecibmb[nf mk afs rkekrkntks tincifs ls clpfrtbntks kn kaskolkntf brrfikrf, ka Cno. Bor. Ditfr Zblrkz, prk-scmkntk mk ab Ifnsuatfrb Brrfzba Y.B., mcgf quk ka orbnmksbef quk sk prkskntb ks mcspfnkr kn ka lkribmf mksklcaabs mk brrfz ikrtcibmbs.

Pfr luidf tcklpf pbrikabs mk brrfz mk Zf Orbn-mk mf Yua nf pbsbrfn mk afs ; 000 hcafs pfr dkitrkb y

kstuvckrfn cnekstbmbs pfr lbakzbs. Kstfs rcnmks aforb-mfs nf pkrlctbn ekrtcaczbr kstfs iblpfs, pfr knmk, sk

bmfpt ab dkrrblckntb Iakbrkam quk byum b mksbrrf-aabr nukvblkntk afs iblpfs ifntblcnbmfs, dkidf qukpfscjcact vfavkr b prfmuicr kn kstb rkocn, pkrf bdfrbkst vfavcknmf ka prfjaklb mkjcmf ba lba lbnkgf mka

scstklb, pfr knmk, sk kspkrb unb rkmuiicn mk ab ifl-pktctcvcmbm.

B ibusb mk unb nkikscmbm sk kst cntknscibnmf

ab rftbicn mk brrfz ifn sfgb, pkrf ab jbsk eunmblkn-tba ks ifntbr ifn sklcaabs ikrtcibmbs acjrks mka brrfz

ifafrbmf.Kn Pbrbouby bn nf kxcstkn sclckntks ikrtcib-

mbs pfrquk nf sk mcspfnkn mk eukntks f vbrckmbmksprfpcbs, pfr knmk, mkjkn skr clpfrtbmbs, pksk b quk abakocsabicn nf pkrlctk dbikrabs.

Lkmcbntk un trbjbgf kn ifnguntf kntrk Brrfzba yka Ykrvcicf Nbicfnba mk Ibacmbm y Ybncmbm Ukoktba y mkYklcaabs (Yknbvk), sk prkv quk pbrb ab iblpbb sc-ouckntk dbjr lbtkrcbaks ikrtcibmfs b ncvka afiba.

Ka ifnsuatfr mcgf quk afs nukvfs prfmuitfrks qukkstn cnorksbnmf ba rujrf brrfikrf af dbikn lkmcbntkab cnifrpfrbicn mk luidb tkinfafob. Kn Pbrbouby afsprfykitfs quk kstn nbicknmf nf brrbnibn scn bsksfrb-lckntf tincif, dkidf quk clpuasb ab prfekscfnbaczb-icn mka skitfr.

Kn ka pbs, bitubalkntk nf sk pckrmkn rcnmks pfr

pabobs f pfr knekrlkmbmks, scnf pfr iukstcfnks fpk-rbicfnbaks.

Conbicf Dkcskihk

Cno. Bor. Ditfr Zblrkz

Borciuaturb PrfmuitcvbBorciuaturb Prfmuitcvb


24/96:= | Prfmuitcvb

Kntrkvcstb

Ekrnbnmf Ycavb Ekikttc

Gubn Bebrb

BitfKa kvkntf ficba kn ifnlklfrbicn mk ab 5 Eckstb mk

ab Ifskidb mk Brrfz rkunc b unb clpfrtbntk ibntcmbmmk prfmuitfrks, tincifs y klprksbs prkstbmfrbs mkskrvcicf kn ka rujrf brrfikrf.

Brrbni ab gfrnbmb ifn abs pbabjrbs mk Gubn Ibr-afs Lkzb, cntknmkntk mka luncicpcf mk Ybn Gubn Jbu-

tcstb, quckn mcf ab jcknvkncmb b afs prkskntks y mkg kniabrf ab clpfrtbnicb mka brrfz pbrb ka mcstrctf.

Yfjrk ka puntf, lknicfn quk ab rkocn mk abiuknib jbgb mka Zf ]kjciubry ks ab lbyfr prfmuitfrbmk brrfz jbgf rckof kn Pbrbouby.

Bs tbljcn, bskour quk skoucr bpfybnmf b afsprfmuitfrks quk quckrbn cnvkrtcr kn ab zfnb, mk tba efr-lb b oknkrbr klpakf y un clpbitf kifnlcif clpfr-tbntk kn tfmb ab rkocn.

Pfstkrcfrlkntk, ka prkscmkntk mk ab Bsficbicn mkPrfmuitfrks mk Brrfz mka ]kjciubry, Conbicf Dkcskihk,mkstbi quk ab trbmcicfnba kstb mk ab ifskidb mka brrfz,

quk pfr skxtf bf ifnskiutcvf aakvb ka skaaf mk ab Eckstb

Nbicfnba, knfrouaakik b tfmfs afs prfmuitfrks mk ab zfnb.Kxprks quk ka mkskf mk prforksf mk nukstrf pbssk db ifnvkrtcmf kn afs atclfs bfs kn un mksbeftrbsiknmkntba mk tfmfs afs pbrboubyfs, prfmuitfrksobnbmkrfs y borifabs, prcnicpbalkntk, lftcvbmfs pfr

vbrcfs ebitfrks y unf mk kaafs ks cnmkekitcjaklkntk abcnscstknicb mk lbyfrks vfalknks mk iflprb.

Ykba quk pbrb afs prfmuitfrks mk brrfz kstbsctubicn ks unb fpfrtuncmbm dcstrcib quk nf mkjknmkgbr pbsbr. Cnmci quk ka Ofjckrnf mkjk prkstbr kspk-icba btknicn b ab nkikscmbm mk baclkntf quk dby kn kalunmf k cncicbr un pabnkblckntf kstrbtocif pbrb kamksbrrfaaf mk abs fpfrtuncmbmks mka borf.

Lknicfn quk ab vkicnb Prfvcnicb mk Ifrrckntks

(Brokntcnb) ka bf pbsbmf ikrr nkoficfs pfr ab prfvc-scn mk aftks mk brrfz mk ls mk 90 000 tfnkabmbs pbrbCrbh, y ksf mcf trbjbgf b pritciblkntk tfmfs afs lfac-nfs mk ab prfvcnicb, efrtbakicknmf tfmb ab kifnflb mkksb rkocn. Pbrbouby pfskk bjunmbntk boub, tckrrb rciby fpfrtunb y un iaclb prfpcicf pbrb ka iuatcvf mk brrfz.Knibrbr mkicmcmblkntk kstb fpfrtuncmbm jknkicbr

mk lbnkrb supkrabtcvb ba mksbrrfaaf mka pbs, knebtcz.Kstblfs kn tcklpf mk biicn y ksf nfs fjacob

b tfmfs afs pbrboubyfs b pfnkr lbnfs b ab fjrb, quk

Pbrbouby prfntf pfmr skr rkifnficmf iflf unf mk afs

lbyfrks prfmuitfrks mk brrfz mk Blrcib, skba.Yfacict, bmkls, ba vcikprkscmkntk mk ab Zkpjac-

ib, Gubn Bebrb, ab biicn ifnirktb mka Ofjckrnf pbrbobrbntczbr afs nukvfs klprknmclckntfs kn ftrbs rkocf-nks ifn lbyfr pftknicba, iflf Ifrmcaakrb, kkljuiy ka Idbif, quk rkprkskntbn dfy kn mb un nukvf dfrc-zfntk ifn ls mk un lcaan mk dkitrkbs rkobmbs pfr kaZf Pbrbouby, ifn pfscjcacmbmks mk pukrtf uvcba pbrb

ka prfntf mkspbidf mk lkribmkrbs pbrb afs lkribmfscntkrnbicfnbaks y pfr supukstf, ka tbn bndkabmf prf-ykitf pukntk-ibnba, b pbrtcr mka kljbask mk Sbiyrkt.

Aukof, ka sknbmfr Ekrnbnmf Ycavb Ekikttc, prkskn-tk kn ka bitf, kxprks su bmlcrbicn pfr ka trbjbgf quksk vcknk rkbaczbnmf kn ka skolkntf brrfikrf.

Zkifrm quk dbik :0 bfs unf pbsbjb pfr ab zfnby knifntrbjb pritciblkntk un mksckrtf vkrmk, babl-

jrbmbs ibmbs, bjbnmfnbmbs, ibsc sk ircbjbn vbibs mkibrrkrb, ifn ksjkatbs ourbs y jrfsbs, mk abrofs iukr-nfs, lckntrbs quk dfy kxcstk unb rcqukzb oknkrbmb b

pbrtcr mka trbjbgf, mka mksbrrfaaf y mka vbafr mk baounfscnvkrscfncstbs quk dbn vcstf unb fpfrtuncmbm.

Zksbat quk Pbrbouby tcknk ikrib mk 2:0 000 dki-trkbs mk brrfz bitubalkntk, mk abs iubaks ab iuknibjbgb mka ]kjciubry tcknk ?0 000 dkitrkbs. Orbn pbrtkmk ab prfmuiicn dfy kst ikntrbmb kn Ybn Gubn Jbutcs-tb Lcscfnks, quk db tkncmf un klpugk clpfrtbntsclf

b pbrtcr mk ab lcorbicn mk ksb icumbm dcstrciblkntkobnbmkrb, b unb quk pukmk cntkorbr abs bitcvcmbmks ifnunb eukrtk pbrtcicpbicn mk ab borciuaturb.

Ab prfmuiicn mk brrfz oknkrb lbnf mk fjrb bluidb okntk, baclkntb b luidbs eblcacbs y pkrlctk bkstk jknmkicmf pbs prfmuicr baclkntfs pbrb ?0 lcaaf-nks mk pkrsfnbs.

Ycn kljbrof, cnst b afs prfmuitfrks b skoucr trb-

jbgbnmf mkntrf mka lbrif mk ab aky, ifn ka n mk prf-ykitbr un irkiclckntf sfstkncmf kn ka tcklpf.

Pfr atclf, ka vcikprkscmkntk mk ab Zkpjacib,Gubn Bebrb, klctc un mcsiursf kn ka iuba rksbat qukka brrfz vcknk mk ab lbnf mka skitfr prcvbmf, quk ks ka

orbn mcnblczbmfr mk kstk rujrf.Bprfvkid ka lflkntf pbrb ekacictbr b afs tinc-

ifs, prfmuitfrks y b afs klprknmkmfrks mk kstk rujrfpfrquk rkbalkntk sk mcnblcz kn un tcklpf rifrm,cniausf sfjrk ifnmcicfnks bmvkrsbs.

Kn ftrfs tcklpfs, butfrcmbmks mk bpacibicn nf

kntknmbn quk dbjb quk byumbr, quk sk mkjcb kstbr

ba abmf mka prfmuitfr y ks af quk nfsftrfs kstblfs db-

icknmf, pfncknmf tfmf ka klpkf pbrb quk ka prfmui-

tfr tknob rkoabs iabrbs y aks mblfs tfmbs abs obrbn-

tbs mk rkspktf bjsfautf b nukstrf lkmcf bljckntk,knebtcz.

Bf trbs bf ab ifskidb mka brrfz vb bulkntbnmf,pfr knmk, ks unb nkikscmbm ab irkbicn mka Pabn Nbicf-

nba mka Brrfz, quk pkrlctcr quk sk mksbrrfaak ab iuknibmka rf Pbrbouby.

Borciuaturb PrfmuitcvbBorciuaturb Prfmuitcvb


25/96Prfmuitcvb | :;

Klprksbs

2. Efrqulcib ferkic tfmbs sus ankbs mk prfmuitfs pbrb ka sko-lkntf brrfikrf.

:. D. Pktkrskn prksknt su ankb mk trbitfrks Abnmcnc.9. IDMY iflpbrtc ifn sus iackntks kn ab Eckstb mka Brrfz.

=. Iblpfs mka Lbbnb, ifn su ankb mk lbqucnbrcbs Iabbs, sk dbikeukrtk kn ka rujrf mka brrfz.

;. Brystb AcekYickniks kstuvf prkskntk kn ab gfrnbmb mk iblpf knKabmcb Y.B.

5. Mcborf iflknz b pfscicfnbr nukvfs prfmuitfs pbrb ab zberbbrrfikrb :02;/:025.

?. Borftki biflpb ab Eckstb mka Brrfz.4. Icbjby aako b Lcscfnks ifn sus rkifnficmbs lbribs Nkw Df-

aabnm y Ibsk CD.

2

9

5

4

?

= ;

:



KntrkvcstbBorciuaturb PrfmuitcvbBorciuaturb Prfmuitcvb

3. Borfertca ferkic unb blpacb oblb mk prfmuitfs b afs cntkrksb-mfs.

20. Mk Ab Yfjkrb prksknt abs dkrrblckntbs Lbssky Ekrousfn pbrbka skitfr brrfikrf.

22. Butflbq ferkic sus blpacbs fpicfnks pbrb afs prfmuitfrksbrrfikrfs.

2:. ]fyftfsdc lbri prksknicb kn ab Eckstb mka Brrfz.29. Hurfsu & ICB biflpb b afs prfmuitfrks ifn vbrcbs batkrnb-

tcvbs.2=. Lbtrcsfgb kstuvf prkskntk kn Ybn Gubn Jbustcstb Lcscfnks ifn

un blpacf bjbncif mk prfmuitfs.2;. Ab iflpbb Mkhbapbr ferkic sfauicfnks b afs brrfikrfs.25. Yykljrb lfstr batkrnbtcvbs b afs prfmuitfrks mk ab rkocn.

3

22

2=

25

2;

2: 29

20


27/96Prfmuitcvb | :?



Ks nkiksbrcf tknkr ls vbibspbrb prfmuicr ls tkrnkrfs6

Ka kstbjakiclckntf Lfntkrf, bmkls mk skr kasctcf mk kniukntrf kntrk blcofs, euk ka efif mkab kvbaubicn mka Ifnsfricf Zkocfnba mk Kxpk-rclkntbicn Borfpkiubrcb Lcscfnks (IZKB-Lcscfnks).

Ka iblpf ujcibmf kn ab icumbm mk Ybn Conb-icf, mkpbrtblkntf mk Lcscfnks, mcspfnk mk un

pabn quk iflprknmk ab blpacbicn mk supkrick

ifn pbsturbs pbrb ab rkirb, ifn ka n mk tknkr

sfjrk kstk tcpf mk supkrick mksmk ka mkstktk

dbstb quk ab vbib kntrkouk su skounmb irb, kx-paci ka prfpcktbrcf mka kstbjakiclckntf, ka Cno.

Ycavcf Ubrobs ]dflpsfn.Orbn pbrtk mka iblpf, dbstb lkmcbmfs mk ab

mibmb mk afs 40, rkocstrbjb clpfrtbntks cnun-mbicfnks, pkrf lkmcbntk baounbs lfmcibicf-nks mk ibnbaks pbrb ka lbnkgf mk ab ifrrkntbmb,iflknz b usbrsk pbrb obnbmkrb. Kstfs tkrrk-nfs tcknkn ibrbitkrstcibs pbrb sckljrb mk brrfzcniauscvk.

Ab klprksb obnbmkrb mcspfnk mk 400 dki-trkbs pbrb irkikr kn pbsturbs tcpf dulcmifab.Ka pabn prkv ab cnifrpfrbicn mk rkirb sfjrkpbsturbs clpabntbmbs.

Ka prfiksf mk clpabntbicn brrbni kn kapkrcfmf mk prclbvkrb-vkrbnf :022/2:, ifn unbs200 dkitrkbs mk jrczbntdb dulcmifab, ruzc-icknscs y aabnkrf, quk euk utcaczbmf pbrb mkstktkmk dkljrbs.

B su vkz, sk cnifrpfrbrfn 90 dkitrkbs mkjrczbntdb lbrbnmu pbrb tknkr rkprfmuitfrkslbidfs y dkljrbs.

Kn ka :02: sk clpabntbrfn 205 dkitrkbs,kn ka :029, 50 dkitrkbs y kn ka :02= sk cnstbab-rfn 50 dkitrkbs ls.

Ka prfpcktbrcf mka kstbjakiclckntf mcgf quksk kstn vcknmf abs lkgfrbs rkbaczbmbs quk bpun-tbn b skr unb klprksb ls kickntk.

Kxprks quk luidb okntk ifnscmkrb qukpbrb prfmuicr ls tkrnkrfs ks nkiksbrcf tknkrls vbibs8 scn kljbrof, ksb brlbicn ifrrks-pfnmk b unb obnbmkrb trbmcicfnba, yb quk abbituba cnifrpfrb ka ifnikptf mk fjtknkr lbyfrprfmuitcvcmbm ifn ab lcslb ibntcmbm mk vbibsquk mcspfnk un kstbjakiclckntf.

Kstblfs jusibnmf skr keickntks ba lxc-

lf pfscjak, fjtkncknmf ab lbyfr ibntcmbm mk tkr-

nkrfs y ls ibntcmbm mk hcafs pfr dkitrkb, ifn

ab lcslb dbicknmb mk vbibs, kxprks.Bmkls mk tknkr lkgfrbs kn ab cnerbkstrui-

turb mka kstbjakiclckntf, tbljcn ab ibacmbm mkdbicknmb prforks, mkstbi.

Lknicfn quk ab prcnicpba aclctbicn knbfs bntkrcfrks pbrb fjtknkr juknfs nmciksprfmuitcvfs euk ka lbnkgf mk ab rkirb.

Ab clpabntbicn mk abs nukvbs pbsturbsbyum b lkgfrbr ka lbnkgf kn ka iblpf. Ka mks-tktk sk rkbaczb jbgf pbstf iuatcvbmf, dkidf qukrkpkriutk ebvfrbjaklkntk kn ab ifnmcicn ifr-pfrba mk ab lbmrk y kn ka tkrnkrf.

Ka rksuatbmf mk kstbs cnnfvbicfnks pkrlctctknkr 9; hcafs ls mk afs tkrnkrfs kn kstb tkl-

pfrbmb, ifn rkabicn ba bf bntkrcfr mkntrf mk ablcslb ibtkofrb. Ks un cnmcibtcvf clpfrtbntkquk mklukstrb quk kstblfs iblcnf b ab keickn-

icb, pkrf ks bpknbs un cncicf, bskour.B pbrtcr mk kstk rksuatbmf, ka fjgktcvf eunmb-

lkntba ks aakobr ba kntfrk b afs := lksks mk kmbm.Bntkrcfrlkntk, ka kntfrk sk rkocstrbjb b afs

95 lksks, pkrf aukof, lkmcbntk afs ibljcfs knka lbnkgf, aako b 90 lksks y bdfrb, bpuntb baakobr b afs := lksks ifn juknfs nmciks prfmui-tcvfs, kxpaci.

Kn iubntf b afs pfrikntbgks mk prkkz, kaprflkmcf sk lbntknb kntrk 5:% y 5;%, lckn-trbs quk kn ab bitubacmbm kst aakobnmf b ?;%.

Yc jckn kxcstkn bmkiubicfnks pbrb tknkrlkgfrks rksuatbmfs, bn kxcstkn luidbs iuks-tcfnks pfr ifrrkocr, ifn ab cntknicn mk skoucr ka

iblcnf mk ab lbyfr iflpktctcvcmbm, kxprks kaprfpcktbrcf.

Ftrb dkrrblckntb quk ks clpaklkntbmb knkstk iblpf ks ka mkstktk prkifz. Yc jckn nf ksunb pritcib gb, ks unb batkrnbtcvb quk db mkgb-mf juknfs rksuatbmfs.

Ubrobs mcgf quk ka pkrcfmf :02=/2; sk prk-sknt mk juknb efrlb, pfr knmk, dujf pfibsvbibs ifn ifnmcicn ifrpfrba jbgb, rbzn pfr abiuba sk mkstktbrfn luy pfifs tkrnkrfs mk lb-nkrb prkifz.

Pbrb tknkr unb cmkb mk ab clpfrtbnicb mk absbmkiubicfnks kn ka kstbjakiclckntf, abs lbmrks

mk afs lcslfs tkrnkrfs quk eukrfn lbnkgbmfsifn mkstktk prkifz baibnzbrfn unb tbsb mk prk-kz pfr kniclb mka 49% quk, nfrlbalkntk,

Obnbmkrb Prfmuitcvb

Ab tkfrb mk ab obnbmkrb trbmc-icfnba kxprksb quk pbrb tknkrls tkrnkrfs sk nkiksctbn lsvbibs8 scn kljbrof, ab obnbmkrbkecickntk nukstrb af ifntrbrcf. Kalbnkgf nutrcicfnba, rkprfmuitc-vf y sbnctbrcf kecibz kn ab rkirbbyumb b lkgfrbr afs nmciks prf-muitcvfs. Ka Ifnsfricf Zkocfnba

mk Kxpkrclkntbicn Borfpkiub-rcb (IZKB) rkbacz unb gfrnbmb mkiblpf pbrb kvbaubr abs cnnfvbicf-nks kn ka kstbjakiclckntf Lfntk-rf, kn Ybn Conbicf, Lcscfnks.



kstbrb pfr mkjbgf mk ;0%, f skb, ks unb dkrrb-lckntb luy clpfrtbntk quk sk mcspfnk kn ka

lkribmf pbrb lkgfrbr ab kicknicb.

Ba iflcknzf bsustb un pfif kstb dkrrb-

lckntb, pkrf oknkrb juknfs rksuatbmfs. Yfaf sk

mkjk knskbr b un pbstfr pbrb quk lbnkgk ksk

rfmkf mk tkrnkrfs, aukof nf dby ncnon skirktf,

nbmb kxtrbfrmcnbrcf. Dby quk bnclbrsk b tf-

lbr kstb dkrrblckntb pbrb lkgfrbr ab keickn-

icb, bskvkr.Lkmcbntk kstb tkinfafob kn ka kstbjakic-

lckntf sk kstn mkstktbnmf tkrnkrfs ifn ?0 hc-afs b afs 50 mbs mk vcmb. Nf fjstbntk, pbrb ifl-paklkntbr ka lbnkgf, ks nkiksbrcf unb juknbsbnctbicn.

IZKBUbrobs ]dflpsfn iflknt quk mkntrf mkaIZKB sfn nukvk abs pkrsfnbs quk kstn trbjb-gbnmf ifn ka lcslf fjgktcvf mk kakvbr afs nmc-iks prfmuitcvfs.

Lknicfn quk ka IZKB vcknk fpkrbnmf

dbik 90 bfs kn efrlb ifntcnub, ifn ab cntknicnmk kakvbr ab kicknicb prfmuitcvb kn ab rkocn.

Iflf orupf IZKB ka fjgktcvf ks eflkntbr

ab irkbicn mk ftrfs orupfs sc ks pfscjak, pbrb cn-tkorbr b ls prfmuitfrks quk pukmbn jusibr skr

ls kickntks.

Ka IZKB Lcscfnks ks pbmrcnf mk mfs nukvfsorupfs mk prfmuitfrks cnstbabmfs kn Ibbzbp ykkljui.

Pfr su pbrtk, Mbncka Lbrtnkz Pbstfrk, prk-scmkntk mka IZKB Lcscfnks, cnmci quk ab cns-tctuicn bpuntb b lkgfrbr ka pabn mk trbjbgf mkabs uncmbmks prfmuitcvbs quk sfn lckljrfs mkafrobncslf, sfjrk tfmf kn ab rkirb.

Kxpaci quk ka fjgktcvf ks btknmkr b ab tkr-nkrb quk sk mkstktb y b bqukaab quk kntrbr knskrvcicf.

Dfy kn mb afs lckljrfs mka IZKB Lcscf-nks kstn lbntkncknmf ka prclkr skrvcicf b afs24 lksks, aukof mka cncicf mk un trbjbgf quk cnc-ic dbik trks bfs y quk, prkicsblkntk, bpuntb-jb b ksk fjgktcvf.

Mkntrf mk ab kstrbtkocb mk trbjbgf, bnuba-lkntk kstn vcsctbnmf b orupfs IZKB mk Br-okntcnb, kn mfnmk sk tcknk ab tkinfafob ls

mceunmcmb. Bmkls, sk lbntcknk un ifntbitfifnstbntk ifn ka CN]B (Cnstctutf Nbicfnba mk]kinfafob Borbrcb), mk Brokntcnb, acba Lkrik-

mks pbrb ka cntkribljcf mk ifnficlckntf.Pbrb kstk lks mk bjrca sk prkv ab tkrikrb

ocrb mk ab rkirb, kn mfnmk sk kstbrn kvbaubnmftfmfs afs iblpfs quk efrlbn pbrtk mka IZKBLcscfnks, kn mfnmk sk fjskrvbrn afs tkrnkrfsmkstktbmfs y abs dkljrbs quk kntrbn kn skrvcicf.

]bljcn kstbr kn ka pbs ka Cno. Bor. Mb-ncka Yblpkmrf mka CN]B Lkrikmks, quk ks unbklcnknicb kn ka lbnkgf mk pbsturbs y iblpfsnbturbaks.

Cnmci quk dcstrciblkntk ab tkrnkrb mkstk-tbmb krb mksiucmbmb kn ka cnvckrnf y bpknbs knun pkrcfmf bntks mk quk kaabs aakoukn b skrvcicfkrbn fjskrvbmbs pbrb prfpcicbraks un lbnkgfmcekrknicbmf.

Lckntrbs tbntf, dfy, kxpaci, ksb tkrnkrb skmkstktb ka 90 mk lbrzf y b pbrtcr mk baa cnorksbkn unb ktbpb mk supaklkntbicn jscib pbrb quknf pckrmb pksf kn ka pfsmkstktk. Kn ka cnvckrnfcnorksb kn un roclkn mk supaklkntbicn mkscaf mk sfrof f jbabnikbmf iflkricba, mkpkn-mcknmf mka iblpf f klprksb.

Ksk lbnkgf sk kxtcknmk dbstb ab sbacmb mkacnvckrnf. Kn ibsf mk quk ka kstbjakiclckntf tkn-ob ifnmcicfnks ebvfrbjaks kn su pbsturb, ab su-

Cno. Ycavcf Ubrobs ]dflpsfn

Mbncka Lbrtnkz Pbstfrk



Obnbmkrb Prfmuitcvb

paklkntbicn ifntcnb dbstb afs 24 lksks mkkmbm.

Ifn kstk lbnkgf mksbrrfaabmf sk ifnscouc,kn trlcnfs oknkrbaks, lkgfrbr prclkrblkntkka pksf mk kntfrk.

Kstk ebitfr ks sulblkntk clpfrtbntk pfr-quk b lbyfr pksf mk kntfrk, sk tcknkn lkgfrks

nmciks rkprfmuitcvfs. Mk tknkr vbqucaabs mk:40 hcafs pbrb skrvcr, sk pbs b 900 f 920 hcafs

y ksf mcrkitblkntk rkpkriutc kn lkgfrks pfr-

ikntbgks mk prkkz, kxprks.Ba tknkrsk ka tkrikr bf mk kstk trbjbgf, ka

prflkmcf mk pksf mk kntfrk kntrk afs lckljrfsmka IZKB ks mk 920 hcafs y ab tbsb mk prkkz kstkn ?0%, iubnmf quk bntks krb lknfr b ;0%.

Nf tfmfs pukmkn prkbr b afs 24 lksks

mk kmbm, pfr abs ifnmcicfnks mk iblpf mk ibmb

unf. Dby klprksbs quk kstn aakobnmf b ksfs

ncvkaks mk prfmuitcvcmbm, pkrf mkpknmk luidf

mka iblpf, bbmc.

Pfr ftrb pbrtk, lknicfn quk kxcstkn kl-prksbs mkntrf mka orupf quk kstn cniurscf-nbnmf kn ka rujrf mka brrfz, mkjcmf b abs ifn-mcicfnks mk afs iblpfs quk oknkrbalkntk sfn

bjnkobmfs y knlbakzbjaks. Ab tknmknicb mk abcntkorbicn borifab obnbmkrb irkik eukrtklkn-tk kn kstb rkocn mka pbs, bs iflf kn ftrfs ks-tbjakiclckntfs, y ifnefrlk abs ibrbitkrstcibs,kstn cnifrpfrbnmf ab sfgb iflf batkrnbtcvb.

KstbicfnksKn ab prclkrb pbrbmb euk fjskrvbmf un aftk mk:=0 vbibs ifn irb mk ibjkikrb. Kn kstk kspbicfsk lbnkgb unb ibrob mk 0,= uncmbm obnbmkrb

pfr dkitrkb, ifn unb tbsb mk prkkz mk ?4,9%.Cnorksbrfn b skrvcicf ka :0 mk fitujrk mk

:02= dbstb ka :0 mk knkrf mk :02;.Kn kstb pbrbmb euk kvbaubmb ab ifnmcicn

ifrpfrba mk afs tkrnkrfs quk kstn prxclfs bamkstktk. Bqukaafs tkrnkrfs mk ibjkikrb y lkmcbrkicjckrfn 200% mfjak abtb, lckntrbs quk afs mkifab, unb abtb.

Afs tkrnkrfs ibjkikrb y mk ab lkmcb rkic-jckrfn ka skounmf knabtbmf ka :4 mk fitujrk,lckntrbs quk ab ekidb mka skounmf knabtbmf eukka 22 mk mcickljrk mk :02=.

Abs vbibs rkicjckrfn sba rkprfmuiicn mks-mk ka skrvcicf. Ka mkstktk sk rkbacz ka 2 mk bjrca.

Ka lbnkgf sbnctbrcf ks sulblkntk clpfr-tbntk, rbzn pfr ab iuba afs tkrnkrfs rkicjkn mfsbpacibicfnks mk Cvkrlkitcnb, 2 BMK (iflpukstfvctblncif), un lfmcibmfr froncif, ls Iafs-trcmcul y kn ka ibsf mk abs vbqucaabs, unb bpacib-icn ifntrb ab jruikafscs.

Kn ab scouckntk pbrbmb, quk rkunc b 2=;bnclbaks, kntrk vbibs ifn irb mk ibjkikrb ylkmcb, sk fjskrvbrfn bnclbaks kn jukn kstbmfifrpfrba. Ab ibrob bnclba ks mk 0,= uncmbm bnc-lba pfr dkitrkb y ab prkkz mka rfmkf bsicknmkb 53,5%.

Ka pkrcfmf mk skrvcicf sk kxtknmc mksmk ka

:0 mk fitujrk mk :02= dbstb ka 2; mk knkrf mk:02;. Ka lbnkgf euk sclcabr ba bntkrcfr aftk, knmfnmk afs tkrnkrfs mk ibjkikrb y lkmcb rkicjck-

rfn mfjak abtb kn un 200% y afs mk ifab, unb abtb.Ka prclkr knabtbmf euk prbitcibmf kn afs tkrnk-rfs mk ibjkikrb y lkmcb ka pbsbmf :4 mk fitujrk,lckntrbs quk ka skounmf, ka 2: mk mcickljrk.

Abs vbibs rkicjckrfn sba rkprfmuiicn mks-mk ka skrvcicf y ka mkstktk sk rkbacz ka pbsbmf 2mk bjrca.

Afs tkrnkrfs rkicjckrfn mfs bpacibicfnksmk Cvkrlkitcnb. Bmkls, eukrfn lbnkgbmfsifn BMK y eukrfn rkikptfrks mk un lfmcibmfr

froncif. B ab pbr mk rkbaczbr unb bpacibicn mkIafstrcmcul y unb vbiunbicn ifntrb ab jruikaf-scs kn ka ibsf mk abs vbqucaabs.

Aukof, kn ab scouckntk pbrbmb, eukrfn vcsub-aczbmbs ?? ibjkzbs, kntrk vbibs ifn irb mk ibjk-ikrb, lkmcb y ifab. Ab ibrob bnclba kn kstk aftkks mk 0,= ibjkzbs pfr uncmbm bnclba, ifn unbprkkz mk ?2,=%. Ka skrvcicf sk kxtknmc mksmk ka

20 mk fitujrk dbstb ka 20 mk knkrf.Kstk aftk euk lbnkgbmf sfjrk pbsturbs. Afs

tkrnkrfs mk ibjkikrb y lkmcb rkicjckrfn mfjak

abtb, lckntrbs quk afs mk ifab, unb abtb, bs iflfafs mkls aftks bntkrcfrlkntk prkskntbmfs.

Abs vbibs rkicjckrfn sfaf sba rkprfmuiicnmksmk ka skrvcicf, lckntrbs quk ka mkstktk sk prf-mugf ka 2 mk bjrca.

Afs tkrnkrfs eukrfn lbnkgbmfs ifn mfsbpacibicfnks mk Cvkrlkitcnb, unb mk BMK, unlfmcibmfr froncif, unb bpacibicn mk Iafstrc-mcul y ftrb bpacibicn mk vbiunb ifntrb ab jru-ikafscs kn abs vbqucaabs.

Kn ab scouckntk pbrbmb, ka fjgktcvf euk fj-skrvbr ab ifnmcicn mk ab vbqucaab mk rkpfscicnifn un skrvcicf b afs 90 lksks.

Kn kstk aftk sk knifntrbrfn :2: ibjkzbs. Abibrob rkocstrbmb ks mk trks vbqucaabs pfr dkit-rkb, fjtkncnmfsk unb ibrob mk 2,3 uncmbm bnc-

lba pfr dkitrkb. Cnorksbrfn b skrvcicf ka 25 mklbrzf y sk kxtknmkr dbstb ka :0 mk lbyf mk

:02;.Kstbs vbqucaabs rkicjckrfn jafquk knkrotc-

if kn ab ktbpb mk prkskrvcicf y jafquk efsercif


32/969: | Prfmuitcvb

Obnbmkrb PrfmuitcvbObnbmkrb Prfmuitcvb

murbntk ka skrvcicf. Kstk aftk mk vbqucaabs tuvfunb pbrtcicpbicn mk ;% mk tfrfs.

Kn iubntf b ab sbnctbicn, abs vbqucaabs rkic-

jckrfn unb bpacibicn mk Cvkrlkitcnb ba 2% ifnlfmcibmfr froncif ibmb =0 mbs bprfxclb-mblkntk. Ka pksbgk rkbaczbmf ka 5 mk nfvckljrk

rkocstr :05 hcafs. Ba 29 mk lbrzf, abs vbqucaabsrkocstrbjbn un pksf mk :52 hcafs, ifn af iuba skfjtuvf unb obnbnicb mk ;; hcafs kn ksk pkrcfmf.

]bntf tfrfs iflf vbqucaabs rkicjckrfn mf-jak mfscs mk sba rkprfmuitcvb.

Kn ftrb kstbicn sk vcsct un pftrkrf mk ;0

dkitrkbs, ifn vbqucaabs ibrcljf = quk sfn prk-pbrbmbs pbrb skrvcicf b afs 90 lksks. Kn tftba,unbs 9:0 ibjkzbs kn ka pftrkrf mbjbn unb ibrobmk trks uncmbmks obnbmkrbs pfr dkitrkb. Absvbqucaabs rkocstrbrfn 230 hcafs kn lbrzf pbsb-

mf. Kstk aftk ks lbnkgbmf ifn sba lcnkrba jkacn-utrc ba 4% mk esefrf.

Bmkls, sk prfikmc b ab sbnctbicn ifnCvkrlkitcnb ba 2% y un lfmcibmfr froncif

ibmb =0 mbs bprfxclbmblkntk.Kn un pftrkrf mk 90 dkitrkbs mk pbnofab

kstbjbn tkrnkrfs prkifiks.Ka Cno. Ubrobs kxpaci quk :4 tkrnkrfs ba

:: mk nfvckljrk mk :02= kstbjbn ifn 4= hcafs y292 hcafs ba :; mk lbrzf mk :02;, af quk quckrkmkicr quk obnbrfn =? hcafs kn ksk tcklpf. Bmk-ls, kn ka lcslf aftk kstbjbn ;2 tkrnkrfs trb-mfs mk ftrb uncmbm mk prfmuiicn mk ab klprksbujcibmb kn Ruccnmy, quk rkocstrbjbn 225 hcafs ba25 mk mcickljrk mk :02=. Kstfs lcslfs tkrnk-rfs aakobrfn ba :; mk lbrzf ifn 2;5 hcafs. Afstkrnkrfs, kn oknkrba, sk knifntrbrfn kn juknbifnmcicn ifrpfrba.

Pfr atclf, eukrfn vcstbs ;3 vbqucaabs ib-rcljf = ifn pksf cncicba mk 244 hcafs ba 5 mk knk-rf, lckntrbs quk ka atclf pksbgk (:5/0:) brrfg:2; hcafs mk prflkmcf8 ks mkicr, lkgfrbrfn :?hcafs, ifn unb obnbnicb mcbrcb mk ;=0 orblfs.Kstk aftk kstuvf kn 24 dkitrkbs, afornmfsk

unb ibrob bnclba mk 2,?5 uncmbmks obnbmkrbspfr dkitrkb.


34/969= | Prfmuitcvb

kntrf mka ifnikptf mkobnbmkrb prfmuitcvb

afs pbtrfnks quk sckl-prk prclbn kn ab irb yrkirb sfn afs nmciks

mk prkkz, tbsb mk pbrcicn y pksfba mkstktk. Iubntf ls kakvbmfsskbn kstfs, ls ikrib kstn afs prf-

muitfrks mk aakobr b skr kickntks,

ifnvcrtcknmf un lbnkgf trbmcicfnbakn unf lfmkrnf quk jusib bmfptbr

abs tkinfafobs mcspfncjaks pbrb kalkribmf.

Kn ab akgbnb Ucaabajn, b ?: Hlmka ikntrf mk Pcabr, mkpbrtblkntfmk kkljui, sk mklukstrb quklkmcbntk ab cntrfmuiicn mk nuk-vbs pritcibs y ab utcaczbicn mk absdkrrblckntbs kxcstkntks sk pukmknmbr pbsfs clpfrtbntks pbrb ifnsf-acmbr unb obnbmkrb iflpktctcvb,pksk b acmcbr ifn afs kxtrklfs iac-ltcifs (kxiksf mk boub f skqub).

Ab yb ifnficmb ibrbitkrstcibmk kkljui, ifnstctucmb pfr du-lkmbaks, rkprkskntb unb knfrlkaclctbntk8 scn kljbrof, kn ab Ks-tbnicb Bnb Akfnfr, ifrrkspfnmckn-tk ba Ifnmflcncf Frtcz Zbvkttc, sk

mklukstrb quk lkmcbntk ka trbjbgffrmknbmf sk pukmkn cr oknkrbnmfibljcfs pfsctcvfs, skon sk nft kn

Nftb mk tbpb

Bgustk nutrcicfnbaprfpfricfnb kicknicb b ab irb mk tkrnkrfs kn afs dulkmbaks

Zflpkr afs ksquk-lbs pbrb pbsbr mk unlbnkgf trbmcicfnba bunf lfmkrnf y kec-ickntk kn ab irb mktkrnkrfs ks un pbsfmceica mk ifnsulbr8scn kljbrof, befrtu-nbmblkntk, scklprkkxcstkn pkrsfnbs yklprksbs ifnvkn-icmbs mk ibljcbr abdcstfrcb pbrb prflf-vkr un euturf lkgfr yrkntbjak kn pbrtciu-abr y pbrb ab rkocn.

M


35/96Prfmuitcvb | 9;

unb gfrnbmb mk iblpf mksbrrfaabmbka pbsbmf :0 mk lbrzf, frobnczbmbkn efrlb ifnguntb pfr afs prfpck-tbrcfs y Fakbocnfsbs Zbbtz pbrb suankb mk Prfmuitfs Cnmbjba, b trb-vs mk su mcstrcjucmfr Borfvktkrc-nbrcb Ka Blcof.

Ka Mr. Gbvckr Gbrb, bsksfr ti-ncif mka kstbjakiclckntf, jrcnm

unb mksircpicn bibjbmb mk ab ifn-mcicn mk ab kstbnicb, quk ks iflnkn ab rkocn, ibrbitkrczbmb pfr prf-vkkr tkrnkrfs b afs cnvkrnbmfrks.

Ka tincif kxpaci quk ab bi-

tcvcmbm pkiubrcb kn kkljui skifnikntrb lkrblkntk kn ab irb mktkrnkrfs. Ka 3;% mk ab prfmuiicnks mk irb kn kstk mkpbrtblkntf,mkjcmf b quk nf kxcstkn ifnmcicf-nks pbrb ka knofrmk mk nfvcaafs fcnvkrnbmb.

Ab prfmuitcvcmbm, kn oknkrba,ks luy jbgb ifn rkabicn b afs nmc-iks rkocstrbmfs b ncvka pbs.

Ka pfrikntbgk mk lbribicn mktkrnkrfs bpknbs aakob ba =0%. Kstbrkbacmbm sk kxtcknmk mksmk ka Zf]kjciubry dbicb ka sur, kn mfnmkka pksf prflkmcf mk afs tkrnkrfs bamkstktk nf sfjrkpbsb afs 2=0 hcafsb unb kmbm mk skcs b fidf lksks,lckntrbs quk ka lkribmf lnclb-lkntk pcmk tkrnkrfs mk 250 hcafs mkskcs b scktk lksks mk kmbm.

Mka 200% mk ab rkirb, rkicn bafs trks bfs mk kmbm abs dkljrbs

kstn cnorksbnmf ba prclkr skrvc-icf. Kn lbnkgfs kxtknscvfs, ab kmbmks lbyfr. Bmkls, kxcstk bpknbs

Mr. Gbvckr Gbrb



un =0% mk vckntrks sfjrk ka rfmkf oknkrba8 ks mkicr,kn un iblpf mk 200 bnclbaks, kntrk vbibs, vbqucaabs,tfrfs y nfvcaafs, sfaf =0 kstn prfmuicknmf.

Ka bsksfr tincif mka kstbjakiclckntf kxpaci qukba prkbr abs vbibs b afs trks bfs f ls, bmkls mk ab

mkicknicb pbrb aforbr unb rkifnikpicn, sk kst prf-muicknmf un tkrnkrf ibmb 24 lksks y kn un iciaf mk 20bfs unb dkljrb bpknbs kst oknkrbnmf iubtrf tkrnk-rfs, pfr knmk, su kstbmb kn ka kstbjakiclckntf bn nf

pbo ab cnvkrscn rkbaczbmb.Ab mceica sctubicn kn ka sur sk boumczb ba tknkr

unb prfmuiicn mk :; hcafs mk ibrnk pfr dkitrkb/bf.Ba rkabicfnbrab ifn kxpaftbicfnks jbgf pbsturbs kn kanfrtk f ka Idbif, ka ncvka lnclf mk ibrob ks mk 2;0hcafs pfr dkitrkb/bf.

Kstf ks unb ifnskiuknicb mk ab jbgb prkkz, jbgf

pksf ba mkstktk y jbgb lbribicn8 pfr knmk, ks unb

jbgb prfmuiicn mk hcaf vcvf pfr dkitrkb, skba.Iflf sc tfmf eukrb pfif, ka prfmuitfr mk kklju-

i ks oknkrbalkntk mkickntk kn ka usf mk afs rkiursfs

mcspfncjaks. Kxcstk unb ifstuljrk mk utcaczbr pftrkrfsluy orbnmks, pfr knmk, sk rkiflcknmb rkmuicrafs yrkbaczbr unb rftbicn kickntk mk ab dbicknmb.

Ka prfekscfnba iflknt quk abs ibusbs mk afs ebi-tfrks iacltcifs y afs scstklbs mk kxpaftbicn vcokntk,mkickntks nfrlbs mk lbnkgf, nutrcicn, sbncmbm y ok-

ntcib, oknkrbn ka rksuatbmf bituba mk kstb rkocn.Afs iubtrf pcabrks mk ab prfmuiicn pkiubrcb nf

sfn btknmcmfs b ibjbacmbm, bift.

Lkgfrbnmf ka pbquktk mk pritcibs, ifnstctucmfpfr ka lbnkgf, ab nutrcicn, ab sbncmbm y ab okntcib,sk tknmr iflf fjgktcvf ka bulkntf mka pfrikntbgk mklbribicn mk tkrnkrfs b un 50%, ka cnirklkntf mkapksf ba mkstktk b 250 hcafs y ka kntfrk mk abs vbqucaabs bafs mfs bfs pfr af lknfs.

Lkmcbntk ab ifrrkiicn sk pukmk tknkr un lkgfrbprfvkidblckntf mka usf mk afs vckntrks, trbtbnmf mktknkr un tkrnkrf pfr bf k cnirklkntf mka pksf vcvfpfr dkitrkb b ;0 hcafs. [n pkqukf bgustk kn ka kstb-jakiclckntf pukmk brrfgbr kstbs icerbs, cnmci.

KxpkrcknicbMkntrf mka kstbjakiclckntf Bnb Akfnfr, prfpckmbm mkaIfnmflcncf Frtcz Zbvkttc, kxcstk unb okntcib clpfr-tbntk. Bmkls, sk rkbacz ab ifrrkiicn mka lbnkgf y skiulpakn ifn afs prftfifafs sbnctbrcfs8 ks mkicr, kxcstk

unb cntknicn mk rkspktbr abs ifnmcicfnks pbrb prfmu-icr kn efrlb kickntk.

Ab kstbnicb pfskk iblpfs batfs (kspbrtcaabrks) yjbgfs (ibbmbs). Pfskk, bmkls, icnif pfzfs sklcsur-okntks ifn jkjkmkrfs, trks tbgblbrks, ka Kstkrf Jkaabifba sur y mfs ibbmbs cntkrnbs.

Kn ka kstbjakiclckntf Bnb Akfnfr sk bpuntb b lk-gfrbr afs nmciks prfmuitcvfs y lbntknkrafs ifn unbtknmknicb ba bazb kn efrlb sfstkncmb. Pbrb kaaf sk cn-

ifrpfrbrfn :00 dkitrkbs mk prbmkrbs iuatcvbmbs, kn-trk abs quk sk kniukntrbn Jrczbntdb Lbrbnmu, LO=,Dulcmifab y Myitcfnkurb, lbnkgbmbs ifn babljrbmf

=0%bpknbs ks ka

nmcik mk prkkz

kn kkljui

Nftb mk tbpb


37/96Prfmuitcvb | 9?

kakitrcibmf (29 000 l kn 29 pftrkrfs) y :: pftrkrfs

pkqukfs (lknfr b ;0 db) pbrb un lbnkgf kickntk.

Bmkls, kn ab oblb mk pbstf mk ifrtk pfskk 2,;dkitrkbs mk Lbrbaebaeb, 2 dkitrkb mk Iblkrn Lfrb-mf y unb dkitrkb mk Iblkrn Knbnf (Lftt) pbrb pbs-tfrkf mcrkitf b pbrtcr mka bf kntrbntk. ]bljcn tcknkn? dkitrkbs mk lbz.

Coubalkntk, ka kstbjakiclckntf tcknk un ifrrba mklbnkgf, jsiuab ifn tkidf, un trbitfr borifab mk 5;

dp, rbstrn, mcsif ncvkabmfr, rftbtcvb, ifrtbpcibmfrb,tfavb mcstrcjucmfrb (sklcaabs, ekrtcaczbntks), skljrbmf-rb, knibabmfrb, rbstrb ibkrb, eulcobmfrb, bifpabmf mk= 000 hcafs y un vkdiuaf (iblcfnktb) pbrb abs bitcvc-mbmks mka kstbjakiclckntf.

Mkjcmf b quk sfn iblpfs iujckrtfs mk brknbaks, abkxpkrcknicb ifniauy quk mksibrtbrn ka usf mk Lbrb-ebaeb, yb quk ab prfmuitcvcmbm mk kstk lbtkrcba iflckn-zb b mkibkr tftbalkntk b pbrtcr mka skounmf bf.

Ka mfitfr iflknt quk ks iflpacibmf tknkr pbstu-rbs sfjrk un tkrrknf brknfsf, pkrf kn ka ibsf pbrtciuabrmka kstbjakiclckntf kxcstkn pbrikabs ifn scktk bfs mkkxpaftbicn y lbntcknkn unb juknb pkrefrlbnik. Barkspkitf, borko quk ks clpfrtbntk ifnfikr ka lbnkgfmk unb pbsturb clpabntbmb pbrb kvctbr un sfjrkpbstf-rkf quk ks ifntrbprfmuikntk pbrb lbntknkr un scstk-lb kickntk.

Kn ifntrbpbrtcmb, unb juknb vcvknicb kn ka ibl-pf euk ab cnifrpfrbicn mk bvknb. Lkmcbntk ka usf mklbqucnbrcbs sk rkbacz ka pcibmf y ka sulcncstrf b afs

bnclbaks pbrb supaklkntbicn kn ktbpb mk cnvckrnf.Mk kstb efrlb sk trbtb mk jrcnmbr ka lbyfr bprfvk-

idblckntf mk kstk rkiursf vkrmk quk sk mcspfnk, pfr-quk iubnmf ka bnclba tcknk bvknb mcrkitblkntk kn kapftrkrf, nf af bprfvkidb mk lbnkrb kickntk, mkjcmf

ba pcsftkf ifnstbntk.Ab sckljrb mk lbz tcknk iflf n ka knscabgk. Ab

pbrikab mkstcnbmb pbrb ka ikrkba rkicjc un knibabmfdbik trks bfs pbrb ifrrkocr ab bicmkz. Ka prclkr iuatcvfskljrbmf euk ka sfrof, pkrf nf sk aforbrfn afs rknmc-lckntfs kspkrbmfs pbrb knscabgk. Kn ka skounmf bf skrkpctc ab kxpkrcknicb ifn ka sfrof, pkrf b afs mfs lksksyb pritciblkntk nf kxcstb vfaulkn suickntk8 pfr af

tbntf, sk rkbacz unb pbsbmb ifn rbstrb y unb sckljrbmk lbz, quk s tuvf kxikakntks rksuatbmfs, iflknt kaprfekscfnba.

Abs pabntbicfnks mk lbz tuvckrfn btbquks mk fru-obs, pkrf sk bpacibrfn cnskitcicmbs pbrb ifntrfabrabs.Bmkls, rkicjc ekrtcaczbicn efacbr ls bmdkrkntk.

Ab iflpbitbicn ks af ls clpfrtbntk mkntrf mkaprfiksf mk knscabgk, pfrquk ab ekrlkntbicn mkskbmb ksbnbkrjcib. [nb vkz tkrlcnbmb ab iflpbitbicn, ka sc-abgk sk knibrpb y ks iujckrtf ifn brknb pbrb su lbntk-nclckntf. Aukof mk :: mbs ksk lbtkrcba pukmk skr utc-aczbmf pbrb ab nutrcicn bnclba. Bitubalkntk, tcknknun scaf, quk ks mk dbik un bf, y kst kn ifnmcicfnks mk

skr utcaczbmf, lknicfn Gbrb.Abs kxpkrcknicbs kn kstk iblpf tbljcn byumb-

rfn b mksibrtbr ab ibb mk bzibr iflf unb batkrnbtcvb

250 Hoks ka pksf ba mkstktk

kn Bnb Akfnfr

:; Hopfr dkitrkb / bf

ks ab ibrobkn kkljui


38/96



Ab skakiicn bnclba sk ikntrb kn ab prfmui-icn ibrncikrb. Prkificmbm y prfeunmcmbm sfn

mfs ebitfrks quk sfn tkncmfs kn iukntb pbrb abkakiicn mk bnclbaks y bqukaafs quk eukrfn sk-akiicfnbmfs kn ab ibjbb iukntbn ifn kstfs rbs-ofs, kxprks.

Kn ka rkifrrcmf sk vckrfn prclkrblkntk trksaftks mk vbibs ifn irb y vbqucaafnbs ibrcljf =.Abs irbs lbidfs kxpfnbn unb ifnmcicn ifr-pfrba juknb, rksuatbmf mka trbjbgf quk vcknknmksbrrfaabnmf kn ka iblpf. Bmkls, ks kekitf mk

ab skakiicn mk 20 bfs quk sk vcknk dbicknmf mkabs lbtrciks.

Afs tkrnkrfs quk kstn scknmf prflfvcmfspbrb ka lkribmf tcknkn un pksf prflkmcf mk 250hcafs (mk ibjkikrb) b afs skcs lksks mk kmbm, quk nfsfaf mkjk skr ka fjgktcvf mk kstk kstbjakiclckntf,scnf mk tfmf ka mkpbrtblkntf mka kkljui.

Ka tincif cnmci quk kstbs cnvkrscfnks rkb-aczbmbs dbrn quk bf trbs bf lkgfrk ab ifn-mcicn ifrpfrba mk afs bnclbaks. Bitubalkntk,ab ifnmcicn prflkmcf kn unb ksibab mk 2 b ; sklbntcknk kntrk : y :,;, pkrf ka fjgktcvf ks aakobrb 9, quk ks ab lkgfr pbrb quk abs dkljrbs vuka-vbn b qukmbr prkbmbs.

LbnkgfKn ka kstbjakiclckntf skpbrbn b afs tkrnkrfs bapck mk ab lbmrk pbrb ebicactbr ab vkntb, yb quk nf

ks nkiksbrcf ka lfvclckntf mk tfmb ab dbicknmb.Abs tkrnkrbs, kn ibljcf, cnorksbn ba ifrrba pbrb

ab prclkrb skakiicn. Bqukaabs quk nf qukmbrnkn ab kstbnicb yb sfn vknmcmbs b ab pbr mk afs

lbidfs, lckntrbs quk ka ftrf aftk qukmb pbrbrkpfscicn.

Kn ka iblpf kxcstk unb ibntcmbm mk ?2? ib-jkzbs, quk dbik b unb ibrob bnclba mk 0,; ibjk-zbs pfr dkitrkb.

Kn iubntf ba lbnkgf mk tkrnkrfs, kn bquk-aafs lbyfrks mk 50 mbs sk rkbaczb un mkstktk

tklpfrbrcf pfr 29 mbs, lckntrbs quk sk prbitcibka tbitf b afs ;0 f 50 mbs pfstskrvcicf bntks mkafs trbjbgfs mk CB.

Bitubalkntk, ka ;0% mk abs dkljrbs sfnmkgbmbs iflf rkpfscicn aukof mk ab skakiicn.Kstb ibntcmbm pkrlbnkik kstbjak murbntk afsskcs atclfs bfs.

Kn ab pbrtk sbnctbrcb, iubnmf iflknz btrbjbgbrsk dbik 20 bfs, sk rkbaczbjb tbitf y sktknb unb ibntcmbm mktkrlcnbmb mk dkljrbsprkbmbs, pkrf ba nba sk aforbjb lknfr ibntc-mbm mk tkrnkrfs.

Mkjcmf b ksb sctubicn, kn ka :00? sk rkb-acz un lukstrkf mk ab ibntcmbm mk dkljrbs knskrvcicf. Yk rkbaczbrfn bnacscs mk jruikafscs y mk9:0 dkljrbs kn skrvcicf, mk abs iubaks 34 mckrfnpfsctcvf, quk rkprkskntb ka 92%.

Pbrb lkgfrbr kstk ksiknbrcf, dfy kn mbmksbrrfaabn un kstrcitf prftfifaf sbnctbrcf qukifnstb mk vbiunbicfnks ifntrb ab kjrk betfsb,

ibrjunif (jbitkrcbnf y scntfltcif), iafstrcmcbaksy jruikafscs kn abs vbqucaabs.

Bmkls, sk prbitcib unb mkspbrbsctbicncntkrnb y kxtkrnb (bspkrscn y pfur-fn, (Akvb-

lcsfaks, Cvkrlkitcnb y Bjblkitcnb), ls rkifs-tctuykntks (lcnkrbaks y vctblcnbs).

Afs tkrnkrfs ba nbikr rkicjkn unb mfscs mkknmftficmb y mfs trbtblckntfs ls bntks mkamkstktk.

Ab rkirb sk trbtb ibmb =; b 50 mbs, dbstbafs := lksks mk kmbm, lckntrbs quk ab dbicknmboknkrba, skon nkikscmbm.

Afs rkprfmuitfrks iukntbn ifn ifntrfa bn-mrfaocif unb vkz ba bf.

Ab supaklkntbicn lcnkrba byum b tknkrlknfs pbrsctfs8 pfr knmk, kstb dkrrblckntbiflpknsb ifn lknfs cnvkrscn kn ab iflprbmk bntcpbrbsctbrcfs. Iubnmf unf dbik unb juk-nb supaklkntbicn lcnkrba, vkrn quk ab gkrcnob

mksibnsbr ibmb vkz ls,bskour ka prfekscfnba.Kn ftrb pbrbmb sk fjskrvbrfn vbqucaabs quk

nf tuvckrfn ikaf kn prcnicpcf, rbzn pfr ab iubask mkicmc mkgbr b afs tfrfs y trbsabmbrabs b unskrvcicf mk ftff mkntrf mk ab pabncibicn.

Kn ftrf aftk euk kxpukstf un orupf mk ;0vbibs ifn :3 irbs, rksuatbmf mk un trbjbgf mkCB]E. Ka pfrikntbgk baibnzbmf mk ls mka ;0%ks batblkntk sbtcsebitfrcf pbrb ab zfnb. Ab lb-yfrb mk abs vbibs quk cnorksbrfn ba prforblbtuvf unb ifnmcicn ifrpfrba mk :,; b 9. Mkjcmfb ab juknb ifnmcicn quk scoukn kxprksbnmf, sk

prkv ab rkpktcicn mk ab CB]E ba lcslf orupf kn2; mbs pfstkrcfrks b ab gfrnbmb mk iblpf.


40/96=0 | Prfmuitcvb

DjrcmfsKn ka aftk mk dkljrbs djrcmbs (Jrbnous y Jrbefrm)lfstrbmf kn ab gfrnbmb mk iblpf sk mcstcnouk unbprkscn mk skakiicn mk pkaf ifrtf y mk pfrtk lkmcf,ibrbitkrstcibs quk byumbrn b quk skbn prfmuitcvbs.

Ba rkspkitf, ka Mr. Gbrb lknicfn quk iubnmf absdkljrbs sfn mk un pfrtk clpfrtbntk, iukstb rkiupk-rbrabs nutrcicfnbalkntk aukof mk ab pbrcicn, dkidf

quk mklfrb su kntrbmb kn ab ktbpb mk ikaf. Kn ka ibsfmk afs tfrfs, sfn tfmfs bmqucrcmfs.

[nb mk abs atclbs pbrbmbs sk rkocstr erkntk bapftrkrf mk abs dkljrbs mk ibjbb, iuyf fjgktcvf ks tk-nkr un pabntka mk vbibs mk jukn ncvka pbrb iflkricbac-zbr okntcib.

LcnkrbaksKa Mr. Ditfr Ibjrba, bsksfr tincif mk Cnmbjba pbrb abzfnb sur mka pbs, kxprks quk, iflf rkprkskntbntk mkCnmbjba y Borfvktkrcnbrcb Ka Blcof, kspkrb quk kstkprclkr kvkntf skb ka cncicf mk unb skiuknicb mk trbjb-gfs kn ab zfnb.

Bift quk nf ks eica lfstrbr ka trbjbgf quk unfmksbrrfaab kn su kstbjakiclckntf. Ks mceica kxpfnkrickrtbs ebaknicbs quk sk tcknkn, pkrf ab cmkb ks lfstrbrafs prfjaklbs bitubaks y abs efrtbakzbs y mkjcacmbmksquk sk tcknkn b euturf.

Iflknt, bsclcslf, quk ka usf mk abs sbaks lcnk-rbaks kn kkljui ks unb rkbacmbm quk nf sk pukmkkaumcr. Ka iafrurf mk sfmcf f sba ifln nf pukmk supacr

ab ebatb mk lcnkrbaks, kspkici.

Kstk mkpbrtblkntf iukntb ifn skvkrbs mkicknicbs

mk lcnkrbaks y ab sba lcnkrba ifljbtk ksb nkikscmbm.Yc sk quckrkn juknfs nmciks mk prkkz, batfs n-

mciks mk pbrcicn y mk lbribicn, nf sk pukmk kvctbr

ka usf mk sbaks lcnkrbaks quk byumbn b tknkr vbibs kn

juknbs ifnmcicfnks quk pfscjcactbn ab prkkz f tfrfsquk rkbalkntk pukmbn mbr tkrnkrfs.

Bmkls mka usf mk ab sba lcnkrba, rkiflknm cn-scstcr kn lbnkgfs fpfrtunfs iflf rkbaczbr ka tkst bn-mrfaocif b afs tfrfs f iabscibr abs vbibs quk rkbalkn-tk pukmbn iciabr.

Pfr atclf, mcgf quk sk mkjk cnscstcr ifn ka lbnkgfmka tkrnkrf ba pck mk ab lbmrk, ifn blblbntblckntfrkstrcnocmf, mkstktk tklpfrbrcf f supaklkntbicn mkab irb.

Pfr ftrb pbrtk, ka Mr. Ekrnbnmf Frtcz Zbvkttc,unf mk afs prfpcktbrcfs mka ifnmflcncf, iflknt qukiukntbn ifn un kqucpf mk trbjbgf prfekscfnba, b ibrofmk Ibrlkaf Ukabzif, bmkls mka bsksfr tincif, ka Mr.Gbvckr Gbrb.

Bskour quk kn kstfs bfs mk trbjbgf sk pumf nf-tbr ilf, lkmcbntk ka lkgfrblckntf mk afs sukafs, sktuvf rksuatbmfs ptclfs kn ab prfmuiicn bnclba.Ksunb sbtcsebiicn rkicjcr b afs prfmuitfrks y tincifs

pbrb lfstrbraks ka trbjbgf quk sk mksbrrfaa pbrb

luatcpacibr abs icerbs aforbmbs kn ab bmlcncstrbicn

mk lc pbmrk, cnmci.Iflknt quk kxcstk un ibljcf clpfrtbntk kn ka

kstbjakiclckntf, kekitf mka trbjbgf quk kstn rkbaczbn-mf, pkrf scklprk sk jusib bprknmkr y bmfptbr nukvbsdkrrblckntbs pbrb vfavkr ls prfmuitcvf ka iblpf,ifniauy.

Nftb mk tbpb

Mr. Ekrnbnmf Frtcz Zbvkttc

Mr. Ditfr Ibjrba

Ibrlkaf Ukabzif


41/96Prfmuitcvb | =2


42/96=: | Prfmuitcvb

Cnmbjba. Ab blpacb ankb mk jbabnikbmfs euk kxpukstb murbntk ab gfrnbmb

mk iblpf kn ab Kstbnicb Bnb Akfnfr. Prfmuitfs pbrb ibmb ibtkofrb bnc-lba, sbaks lcnkrbaks y prfmuitfs ifnikntrbmfs pbrb scstklbs mk ifnnb-lckntf eukrfn lfstrbmfs kn ab fpfrtuncmbm. Ab iflpbb quk aakvb lsmk 24 bfs kn ka lkribmf, jusib iffpkrbr ifn ka mksbrrfaaf mk ab prfmui-icn pkiubrcb kn ka mkpbrtblkntf mk kkljui.

Cnvkt YZA.Ab klprksb ifn 20 bfs mk prksknicb kn ka lkribmf tbljcnefrl pbrtk mk ab gfrnbmb mk iblpf kn Ucaabajn. ]incifs ibpbictbmfs ks-tuvckrfn bpfrtbnmf ifnficlckntfs y rkiflknmbicfnks b afs prfmuitfrkscntkrksbmfs kn sus prfmuitfs. Ab fibscn euk prfpcicb pbrb ka cntkribljcfmk kxpkrcknicbs kntrk prfmuitfrks y tincifs.

Klprksbs

Hurfsu & ICB. Ab rlb kstuvf prkskntk pbrb bikribr b afs prfmuitfrks

mk ab zfnb su blpacf pbquktk mk dkrrblckntbs, tbntf pbrb ka skolkntfborifab iflf obnbmkrf. Ecka b su kstcaf, ab iflpbb quk rkprkskntb abslbqucnbrcbs Gfdn Mkkrk kn ka pbs, afs rkspfnsbjaks mk ab suiursba mk YbnGubn Lcscfnks, cnefrlbrfn b afs prfmuitfrks prkskntks kn kstb gfrnbmbmk iblpf sfjrk abs jfnmbmks quk pfskkn abs mcvkrsbs ankbs mk trbitfrks,ifskidbmfrbs, eulcobmfrks y ftrfs clpaklkntfs quk mcspfnkn.

Ekpbscsb. Ejrcib Pbrboubyb mk Yckrrbs iflpbrtc un lflkntf blknfifn afs prfmuitfrks y tincifs prkskntks kn ab gfrnbmb mk iblpf. Cniausc-vk, kn un lflkntf mbmf sk rkbaczbrfn mklfstrbicfnks mk abs lftfsckrrbsYtcda. Bmkls mk kxpfnkr abs dkrrblckntbs mk trbjbgf b afs prkskntks, afstincifs mk ab iflpbb prflfvckrfn ickrtbs pritcibs pbrb un jukn lb-nkgf mk abs lftfsckrrbs.

Nftb mk tbpb


43/96Prfmuitcvb | =9


44/96== | Prfmuitcvb

Ubrcbjcacmbm mk nutrckntks pfif lvcakskn un sukaf jbgf sckljrb mcrkitb

Afs nutrckntks pfifs lvcaks kstn kstrkidb-lkntk vcniuabmfs ba tcpf mk sukaf y b abs abjrbn-zbs. Ka fjgktcvf mk kstk trbjbgf euk kstumcbr abvbrcbjcacmbm mk ab mcspfncjcacmbm mk esefrf (P),pftbscf (H), zcni (Wn) y lbnobnksf (Ln) kn unsukaf jbgf sckljrb mcrkitb (YM) y oknkrbr lbpbsmk mcstrcjuicn kspbicba mk kstfs nutrckntks.

[n aftk mk unb dkitrkb euk lukstrkbmfifn afs ltfmfs mk orcaab y mk bzbr kstrbtcib-mf kn mfs lflkntfs mk ab rftbicn mk iuatcvfssfgb-trcof jbgf YM kn :003 y :020. Yk kxtrbgk-rfn lukstrbs iflpukstbs mk sukaf b mfs prf-eunmcmbmks kn prksckljrb y ifskidb mk sfgb. Ykbpacibrfn tincibs mk kstbmstcib mksircptcvb yokfkstbmstcib pbrb bnbaczbr afs mbtfs y oknkrbrlbpbs pfr cntkrpfabicn.

Ka esefrf prksknt un ifkickntk mk vb-rcbicn (IU%) mk lkmcf b luy batf, pftbscf mklkmcf b jbgf, zcni mk lkmcf b luy batf y lbnob-

nksf mk jbgf b lkmcf kn rkabicn b ab mcspfncjcac-mbm mk ab ifnikntrbicn pbrb bljfs lukstrkfs.

Afs IU% mk afs kaklkntfs, kn oknkrba, eukrfnsklkgbntks tbntf kn ka lukstrkf kn orcaab iflfba bzbr kstrbtcibmf. Afs rksuatbmfs mklukstrbn

quk mkntrf mka lcslf aftk afs pbtrfnks kspb-icbaks vbrbn mk biukrmf ba kaklkntf kstumcbmf.Afs mcekrkntks rbnofs mk mkpknmknicb kspbicbakn un lcslf aftk mciuatbrb ab mktkrlcnbicn

mka kspbicblckntf ptclf mk lukstrkf, rkquc-rcknmf prftfifafs kspkicbaks skon ab vbrcbjakkn kstumcf.

Ab vbrcbjcacmbm mk afs nutrckntks pfif lvc-aks kst kstrkidblkntk vcniuabmb ba tcpf mk sukafy b abs abjrbnzbs. Ka fjgktcvf mk kstk trbjbgf eukkstumcbr ab vbrcbjcacmbm mk ab mcspfncjcacmbm mkesefrf (P), pftbscf (H), zcni (Wn) y lbnobnksf(Ln) kn un sukaf jbgf sckljrb mcrkitb (YM) y ok-nkrbr lbpbs mk mcstrcjuicn kspbicba mk kstfs nu-trckntks (Pclkntka Olkz, 23?48 Lbaabrcnf kt ba.,23358 Ycavb kt ba., :0098 Ybaoukcrf, :00;8 Jbrjbok-abtb y Lbaabrcnf, :0058 Zcvkrf kt ba, :020).

Lbtkrcbaks y ltfmfs[n aftk mk unb dkitrkb euk lukstrkbmf ifn afsltfmfs mk orcaab mk :; ikambs y ba bzbr kstrbtc-ibmf (rkb batb y jbgb) kn mfs lflkntfs mk ab rf-tbicn mk iuatcvfs sfgb - trcof jbgf YM kn :003 y:020. Yk kxtrbgkrfn lukstrbs mk sukaf iflpuks-

tbs b mfs prfeunmcmbmks (2: kxtrbiicfnks b 0-;il y ;-:0 il) kn prksckljrb mk sfgb, fjtkncmbsifn jbrrknf mk bikrf cnfxcmbjak. Ka lbtkrcba euk

skibmf kn kstueb b =0I y tblczbmf pfr lbaabmk : ll. Pbrb ab mktkrlcnbicn mk afs mcstcntfskaklkntfs eukrfn utcaczbmbs abs scouckntks lktf-mfafobs7 esefrf kxtrbitbjak Hurtz y Jrby, pf-

tbscf cntkribljcbjak kxtrbiicn ifn biktbtf mkblfncf, zcni y lbnobnksf kxtrbiicn ifn KM]By akiturb pfr bjsfricn btlcib.

Yk bpacibrfn tincibs mk kstbmstcib mksircp-tcvb y okfkstbmstcib pbrb bnbaczbr afs mbtfs y fj-tknkr lbpbs mk mcstrcjuicn mk ibmb kaklkntfpfr Hrcocno frmcnbrcf.

Yk skakiicfn ka lfmkaf mk sklcvbrcforblbtkrcif ksercif, puks krb ka quk ls sk bgustb-jb b afs mbtfs y kntknmcknmf quk ks af ls if-ln pbrb abs prfpckmbmks mk sukaf (Yfuzb kt ba.,:0028 Orkof y Uckcrb, :009) y mk biukrmf ifnIbljbrmkaab kt ba (233=), sk kacoc ka lcslflfmkaf pbrb tfmbs abs vbrcbjaks pbrb pkrlctcrunb iflpbrbicn mcrkitb. Nf dby bncsftrfpbkvcmkntk kn afs sklcvbrcforblbs mcrkiicfnbakspbrb tfmbs abs prfpckmbmks kstumcbmbs, pfr afquk sk utcaczbrfn lfmkafs csftrpcifs pbrb afssklcvbrcforblbs. Yk ibaiuabrfn afs nuookt (If),

scaa (If+I) y rbnof (Z). Ab mkpknmknicb kspbicbaeuk kvbaubmb pfr ab rkabicn kntrk ab sklcvbrcbn-zb nuookt y ab sklcvbrcbnzb tftba (If+I). Ibl-jbrmkaab kt ba. mknk kstb rkabicn mk 1:;, :;-?;

y > ?; kn abs ibtkofrbs mk eukrtk, lfmkrbmb ymjca mkpknmknicb kspbicba, rkspkitcvblkntk.

Zksuatbmfs y mcsiuscnKn abs tbjabs 2 y : sk prkskntb ab kstbmstcib mks-ircptcvb y kn abs Ecourbs 2, :, 9 y = afs lbpbs mkmcspfncjcacmbm mk ab ifnikntrbicn mk afs kak-lkntfs pfif lvcaks P, H, Wn y Ln oknkrbmfspfr cntkrpfabicn.

]incib Borifab

PfrZcvkrf, K// Iruzbtk, O// Lbrikaf Jkatrn

]bjab :. Kstbmstcib mksircptcvb mk afs nutrckntks

]bjab 2. Kstbmstcib mksircptcvb mk afs nutrckntks


45/96Prfmuitcvb | =;

Esefrf mcspfncjakYk trbtb mk un nutrckntk batblkntkvbrcbjak kn iubnmf b su mcspfncjc-acmbm kn ka aftk pbrb bljfs luks-trkfs, knifntrnmfsk kn ka prclkrlukstrkf un 3:% mk ikambs mk-ickntks mk esefrf (12; lo ho-2)8

4% lfmkrbmblkntk jckn prfvcstbs(kntrk 2; y 90 lo ho-2) y un ?:% yun :4% pbrb ka skounmf lukstrkf,rkspkitcvblkntk, skon ab iabscib-icn mk Jrby y Hurtz.

Kn afs lbpbs irkbmfs pfrcntkrpfabicn ifrrkspfnmckntksba esefrf kxtrbitbjak mk bljfslukstrkfs sk fjskrvbn vbafrks mkmcspfncjcacmbm lbyfrks kn ka rkbsur mka aftk (jbgf). Ab mcspfncjcac-mbm mka P kn ka skounmf lukstrkfks supkrcfr b ab mka prclkrf. Bsc-

lcslf, sk vk ab batb vbrcbjcacmbmmka P kn ka aftk ifnifrmbnmf ifn

af knifntrbmf pfr Kfn Fhu kt ba.

(:020) y ftrfs butfrks.

Pftbscf cntkribljcbjakYk trbtb mk un nutrckntk luy pfifvbrcbjak kn iubnmf b su mcspfncjc-acmbm kn ka aftk pbrb bljfs luks-trkfs, knifntrnmfsk ka 200% mkabs ikambs suickntks kn pftbscf

ifn vbafrks lbyfrks b 0,30 ilfaiho-2, tkncknmf kn iukntb quk ks unsukaf ifn un pfrikntbgk mk bricaab

mka 3% ba 22%.Afs lbpbs ifrrkspfnmckntks

ba H mk bljfs lukstrkfs rksuatb-rfn ifn unb mcstrcjuicn mk ab mcs-pfncjcacmbm lbyfr kn ka rkb batb,

ifn unb lbyfr ifnikntrbicn mk Hkn ka skounmf lukstrkf y unb lk-nfr vbrcbjcacmbm.

Wcni mcspfncjakYk trbtb mk un nutrckntk mk lkmcbnbb luy batb vbrcbjcacmbm kn iubntfb su mcspfncjcacmbm kn ka aftk pbrbbljfs lukstrkfs, knifntrnmfsk

ka 200% mk abs ikambs suickntks kn

zcni ifn vbafrks lbyfrks 2 lo ho-2pbrb bljfs lukstrkfs.

Afs lbpbs ifrrkspfnmckntksba zcni mcspfncjak mk bljfs luks-trkfs rksuatbrfn luy sclcabrks knab mcstrcjuicn y kn afs vbafrks mk abmcspfncjcacmbm, y kn bljfs ibsfs skfjskrvb unb lbyfr mcspfncjcacmbm knka rkb batb, kn ab zfnb Nfrtk mka aftk.

Lbnobnksf mcspfncjakYk trbtb mk un nutrckntk mk jbgb b

lkmcbnb vbrcbjcacmbm kn iubntf b sumcspfncjcacmbm kn ka aftk pbrb bljfslukstrkfs, knifntrnmfsk ka 200% mk

ikambs suickntks kn lbnobnksf.

Afs lbpbs ifrrkspfnmckntks baLn mk bljfs lukstrkfs rksuatbrfnifn unb mcstrcjuicn mk ab mcspfncjcac-mbm sclcabr kn bljfs lukstrkfs, ifnunb lbyfr ifnikntrbicn mk lbnob-nksf kn ka rkb batb y lbyfrks vbafrks

kn ka prclkr lukstrkf.Kn ab ]bjab 9 sk lukstrbn afs

vbafrks pbrb abs vbrcbjaks kn bljfslukstrkfs kn ab prfeunmcmbm mk 0 b:0 il.

]fmbs abs vbrcbjaks kstumcbmbslukstrbn mk lfmkrbmb b eukrtk mk-pknmknicb kspbicba.

Afs lbpbs lukstrbn iabrblkntkquk tfmfs afs btrcjutfs sk mcstrcjuyk-rfn kn ka aftk ifn mcstcntfs pbtrfnkskspbicbaks. Ab ifnikntrbicn mk Plfstr pbtrfnks kspbicbaks bprfxclb-

mblkntk sclcabrks quk ab mka Wn. Aflcslf fiurrk ifn abs mcstrcjuicfnks

mk pftbscf y lbnobnksf. Afs lbpbsmk tfmfs afs kaklkntfs kstumcbmfs knka skounmf lukstrkf lukstrbn unbtknmknicb b unb lknfr ifnikntrbicnkn unb mcbofnba ifn mcrkiicn YF NK, ifsb quk nf fiurrk kn afs lbpbsmka prclkr lukstrkf. [subalkntk,unb eukrtk mkpknmknicb kspbicba mk absprfpckmbmks mka sukaf pukmk skr btrc-jucmb b ebitfrks cntrnskifs mka sukafy abs mjcaks pukmkn skr btrcjucmbs bebitfrks kxtrnskifs (Ibljbrmkaab kt

ba. 233=).

IfniauscnKa esefrf prksknt un IU% mk lkmcfb luy batf, pftbscf mk lkmcf b jbgf,zcni mk lkmcf b luy batf y lbnobnksfmk jbgf b lkmcf kn rkabicn ifn ab mcs-pfncjcacmbm mk ab ifnikntrbicn pbrbbljfs lukstrkfs. Afs IU% mk afs kak-lkntfs, kn oknkrba, eukrfn sklkgbntkstbntf kn ka lukstrkf kn orcaab iflf

bzbr kstrbtcibmf.

Abs vbrcbjaks prkskntbrfn mk lf-mkrbmb b eukrtk mkpknmknicb kspbicbapkrlctcknmf ka bgustk mk afs sklcvb-rcforblbs. Afs mcekrkntks rbnofs mkmkpknmknicb kspbicba kn un lcslfaftk mciuatbrb ab mktkrlcnbicn mka

kspbicblckntf ptclf mk lukstrkf,rkqucrcknmf prftfifafs kspkicbaks sk-on ab vbrcbjak kn kstumcf. Afs rksuatb-mfs mklukstrbn quk mkntrf mka lcslfaftk afs pbtrfnks kspbicbaks vbrbn mkbiukrmf ba kaklkntf kstumcbmf.

Ecourb 2. Lbpbs mka 2 y : lukstrkf mk ab vbrcbjcacmbm mk ab ifnikntrbicn mkesefrf

Ecourb :. Lbpbs mka 2 y : lukstrkf mk ab vbrcbjcacmbm mk ab ifnikntrbicn mk pftbscf

Ecourb 9. Lbpbs mka 2 y : lukstrkf mk ab vbrcbjcacmbm mk ab ifnikntrbicn mk zcni

Ecourb =. Lbpbs mka 2 y : lukstrkf mk ab vbrcbjcacmbm mk ab ifnikntrbicn mk lbnobnksf

]bjab 9. Pbrlktrfs pbrb afs lfmkafs mk vbrcforblbs y mkpknmknicb kspbicba


46/96=5 | Prfmuitcvb

Ebitfrks quk batkrbn ab prfmuiicnmk lbz pbrb knscabmf y su vbafr iflf pcknsf

Pbrb ifnskrvbr ka efrrbgk pbrb bac-lkntbr b afs rulcbntks murbntk kacntkrvbaf mk tcklpf kntrk abs kstb-icfnks mk irkiclckntf, afs prfmui-

tfrks mk obnbmf dbn ifskidbmf, kn-scabmf y baclkntbmf ifn pabntbs mklbz ekrlkntbmbs b afs rulcbntks

pfr scoafs. ]pciblkntk, ka lbtkrcbamk ab pabntb kntkrb (lbz, sfrof,ikjbmb u ftrfs orbnfs pkqukfs)quk ifntcknk barkmkmfr mk :4 b

=:% mk dulkmbm, ks pcibmf y ifaf-ibmf kn unb kstruiturb escib f scaf(tcpf vkrtciba, junhkr (dfrczfntba),

trcnidkrb f jfasb mk pastcif) qukrkstrcnok ab kntrbmb mk bcrk (fx-oknf). Mkntrf mka scaf ab jbitkrcbbnbkrjcib yb prkskntk kn ka iua-

tcvf f borkobmb ba efrrbgk irkikrprfaiblkntk y prfmuicr icmfsmk ekrlkntbicn (kn kspkicba icmfaitcif), quk rkmuikn ka pD b mkjb-gf mk = pbrb kniurtcr y prkskrvbrka iuatcvf.

Ka efrrbgk ifnskrvbmf, bdfrbaablbmf knscabmf f knscabgk, sk

rktcrb pbrb usf iflf pcknsf mk bac-lkntbicn unbs sklbnbs f lksksls tbrmk. Ubrcbs erbiicfnks mk abpabntb mka lbz pukmkn tbljcnskr ifskidbmbs y knscabmbs. Bmk-ls mka knscabmf prfmuicmf mk ab

pabntb kntkrb mka lbz, b lknumfsk dbik knscabmf mka rbstrfgf f afstbaafs mka lbz (stfvkr, kn cnoas)8ks mkicr, ab pabntb kntkrb lknfs ablbzfrib, mk sfablkntk abs lbzfr-ibs (kbrabok), pkrf cniauyknmf afsorbnfs, ab lbzfrib y ab idbab8 mklbzfribs mk lbz mk batf ifntknc-mf mk dulkmbm (ifjabok), ks mkicr,abs lbzfribs ifn afs orbnfs lknfsab idbab y mka lbz mk batf ifntknc-mf mk dulkmbm (sfablkntk orbnfs,prkekrcjaklkntk ifskidbmfs ifn :5b 9:% mk lbtkrcb skib-LY) iflfltfmf mk balbiknbgk pbrb bac-lkntbicn pfstkrcfr.

Iflpbrbmf ifn ab ifskidb mkaorbnf sfaf, sk fjtcknk barkmkmfr mk9;% ls knkrob mcokrcjak pfr dki-trkb ifskidbnmf ab pabntb kntkrb.Ab pfpuabrcmbm mka knscabmf mk abspbrtks mk ab pabntb ls baa mkaorbnf (sfaf lbzfribs ifn orbnfs,y lbzfribs mk lbz mk batf ifntk-ncmf mk dulkmbm) bulknt kn afsatclfs bfs, nf sfablkntk pfrqukka rknmclckntf mk ab lbtkrcb skib

(LY) pfr dkitrkb ks un 2; b :0%lbyfr, scnf tbljcn pfrquk tbaksprfmuitfs yb tcknkn un efrrbgk f

jrb cnifrpfrbmf quk rkklpabzb

ab nkikscmbm mk iflprbr y borkobrftrfs efrrbgks f jrb mckttcib ba

orbnf kn ab mcktb.

Pbrb afs rulcbntks, iuyfs rk-qukrclckntfs mk knkrob sfn jbgfs(ks mkicr, lbntknclckntf mka pksfmk vbibs pbrb ibrnk jfvcnb, vbibsakidkrbs nf abitbntks f pbrb obnbmfvbiunf kn irkiclckntf akntf bntksmk kntrbr kn un ifrrba mk knofrmk),afs rkscmufs mk iuatcvfs quk pkr-lbnkikn mkspus mk ab ifskidb mkaorbnf mk lbz (tbaafs mk lbz knpck f ifskidbmfs), pukmkn prfpfr-icfnbr unb eukntk mk baclkntbicnkifnlcib y eicalkntk mcspfncjak.

Kn Ibnbm ka obnbmf vbiunf

ifn jbgfs rkqukrclckntfs mk knkr-ob prfspkrb murbntk afs lksks mkcnvckrnf iubnmf pbstfrkb afs ibl-pfs mk pabntbs mk lbz kntkrbs knpck f kn dcakrbs skobmbs kn ifrmf-nks mk efrrbgks8 kstf kvctb ka ifstfy ab nkikscmbm mk ifskidbr, balb-iknbr y kntrkobr ab baclkntbicn ba

obnbmf murbntk afs lksks ercfs.Ka vbafr mk iubaquckr iuatcvf

borifab mkpknmk mk su rknmclckn-tf mk knkrob y nutrckntks quk puk-mbn skr utcaczbmfs pfr bnclbaks fdulbnfs pbrb lbntknclckntf yprfmuiicn. Iflpbrbmbs ifn ftrfsiuatcvfs, abs pabntbs mk lbz sfnkxtrklbmblkntk prfmuitcvbs kntrlcnfs mk rknmclckntf mk nu-trckntks mcokrcjaks. Ka rknmclckntfpfr dkitrkb pfr ab prfmuiicn mkorbnfs mk lbz knscabmf db bulkn-tbmf bnubalkntk un :,2% iflpb-rbmf ifn sfaf 0,= b 2,:% pbrb afsorbnfs pkqukfs.

Kn afs atclfs 90 bfs ka lkrfbulkntf kn rknmclckntf mk lbzdb kxikmcmf ka rknmclckntf tftba mk

afs orbnfs pkqukfs (trcof, bvknb,ikjbmb, sfrof) y mk sfgb (Fwkns yDbnsfn, :022). Kstfs batfs rknmc-

]incib Obnbmkrb

Pfr Erkm Fwkns


47/96Prfmuitcvb | =?

lckntfs mk afs iuatcvfs dbn aakvb-mf b unb prkekrknicb blpacblkntkmcsklcnbmb mk pbrtk mk afs qukiuatcvbn pabntbs y afs prfmuitfrksmk obnbmf, mk iuatcvbr ka orbnf mklbz y ka knscabmf mk lbz mkntrfmk abs rkocfnks okforibs mfnmk

abs ifnmcicfnks borfnlcibs sfnbprfpcbmbs.

Ifn ka obnbmf ab prfmuitcvc-mbm nfrlbalkntk ks aclctbmb pfr

ab cnokstb mk afs nutrckntks mcokrc-mfs y ab knkrob. Ab cnokstb b su vkzpukmk skr aclctbmb pfr vbrcfs ebitf-

rks. Pbrb ka knscabmf ka vfaulkn mkab mcktb pukmk aclctbr ab cnokstb mkab baclkntbicn.

Ab mcokstcjcacmbm mk afs ifl-pfnkntks mk ab mcktb tbljcn pukmkskr aclctbmb pfr vbrcfs ebitfrks esc-ifs y qulcifs. Iubnmf ks utcaczbmfiflf unb pfricn orbnmk mk ab mck-tb mk afs rulcbntks kn irkiclckntff abitbntks, ka knscabmf mka lbz ksvbafrczbmf prcnicpbalkntk iflfeukntk mk knkrob mcokrcjak.

Mk ab knkrob mcokrcmb kn knsc-abmf mk lbz mk batb ibacmbm, bark-mkmfr mka 55% ks mkrcvbmf mk afsbalcmfnks y bzibrks (ibrjfdcmrb-tfs nf kstruiturbaks) y abs pbrkmk

REVISTA PRODUCTIVA - N 6 - ABRIL 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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