Revista Izquierda, no 27, octubre de 2012

7/30/2019 Revista Izquierda, no 27, octubre de 2012

1/76

Lioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}hle Qew f~qsf|| i e|e`cbfe

lio|}h}vxfo}f9 Be qew" be kvfsse x bi| ofkilhi|7 Vo eobh|h| mf|mffb sfebh|ì qib}hli Mf Eo}kioe eb qsilf|i mf qew Bvlne |ilheb x

qiqvbes fo bi| mhbiki| mf qew Nh|}ishe x `fìshe Geh`f QesmiBfeb Ofibhcfsebh|ì se`qeo}f Be `h}ibike mf be libiohwelhoofibhcfseb mf be |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi| Be lese qsimvl}hth|}e mf bi|

qsixfl}i| qshishwemi| mfb |h|}fè kfofseb mf sfkebe| Skh`foqib}hli x mh|lvs|i Mfbh}i x qib}hle fo fb Tebbf mfb Levle7 Be|

fbfllhiof| mfb 5 mf gvbhi Ovf|}se E`shle Fbfllhiof| fo Tfofwvfbe7Ecshfomi csflne e be homfqfomfolhe mf E`shle Be}hoe Bvlne|qiqvbesf| Be hse `v|vbèoe Fmh}isheb Nelhe fb sfeksvqe`hfo}i mfbe hwuvhfsme voh}eshe

IL]VCSF ) 3153

3;

H\\O- 3356->


2/76

]imi fb lio}fohmi mf

f|}e qvcbhlelho qvfmfsfqsimvlhs|f bhcsf`fo}f"lio|fsteomi |v| lsmh}i|/

Gehsi F|}seme btesfw Mhsfl}isGf|| Kvebmso \eomite bGfdf mf sfmellho

btesi T|uvfw mfb Sfeb" Meohfb Bhcsfsi| Lehlfmi" L|es Khsebmi Khsebmi"Dseoj @ibeoi Le`eski" Giskf Keo}hte \hbte" @ese ]fsf|e Lhdvfo}f| ]se|bethe"

Ofb|io Degesmi @esvbeome" Qe}shlhe Eshwe" Shlesmi \olnfw okfb"\fskhi Mf Wvchse \e`qfs" Tl}is @eovfb @iolexi Lsvw Lio|fgi fmh}isheb

Be| iqhohiof| f`h}hme| qis bi| ev}isf| oi li`qsi`f}fo

eb Lio|fgi Fmh}isheb mf be Sfth|}e/

]e}heooe Le|}hbbi Sfxf| Mh|fi x mhekse`elho

F|qelhi Ls}hli Fmhlhiof|Qvcbhlelho ev|qhlheme qis F|qelhi Ls}hli Lfo}si mf F|}vmhi|{{{/f|qelhilsh} hli/li`

H\\O-3356->


3/76

QewF~QsF||ie|e`cbfelio|}h}vxfo}f9Gehsi F|}seme btesfwbeqew" bekvfssexbi|ofkilhi|7 voeobh|h|mf|mffbsfebh|ìqib}hli\eo}i| Ebio|i Cfb}so Cfb}somf eo}kioeebqsilf|imfqew/ eqvo}f|qesevoemh|lv|ho|icsf}hlexqib}hle Kfsesmi Eomsemfbvlne|ilhebxqiqvbesfobi|mhbiki|mfqew\eomse Lesibhoe Cev}h|}e

Geh`f qesmi bfeb Gf|| Kvebmso

be`h}ibikemfbelibiohwelhoofibhcfsebmfbe|ebvmmfbi|qvfcbi|Emsheoe Esmhbe \hfssebeleseqsimvl}hth|}emfbi|qsixfl}i|qshishwemi|mfb|h|}fèkfofsebmfsfkebe|Lesibhoe Ghòfw @/

mfbh}ixqib}hlefofb tebbfmfb levle7

be|fbfllhiof|mfb 5 mfGvbhi@eshoi Leohwebf| Q/

fbfllhiof|fo tfofwvfbe7 ecshfomicsflneebehomfqfomfolhemfe`shle be}hoeGi| Nioishi@es}ofw

behse`v|vbèoeI|lesEoms| F|qh}he Bi`ci"Shlesmi \olnfw okfb

nelhefbsfeksvqe`hfo}imfbehwuvhfsmevoh}eshe

Geh`f Lexlfmi]vssheki

Lio

ffihl}ix|ibvl

hoqib}hle

Nh|}ishex`fìshe

Ofi

bhcfsebh|ìse`qeo}f

Skh`foqib}

hlixmh|lvs|i

Ovf|}seE`shle

Bvlne|qiqvbesf

|

Fmh}isheb

1=51

54

3=

44

;3
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


4/76

Y=

Lioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib} hle

Qsidf|is mfbMfqes}e`fo}i mf

Lhfolhe Qib}hleVohtfs|hmem Oelhioeb

mf Libi`che

GehsiF|}seme btesfw

Fb eovolhi mfb hohlhi mf mhbiki| fo}sf be|kvfsshbbe| mf be| DESLFQ x fb kichfsoi li

bi`cheoi qese ecismes fb Elvfsmi kfofseb qese be}fs`hoelho mfb liodhl}i x be lio|}svllho mf voe qewmvsemfse x f|}ecbfsfqsf|fo}e qese uvhfof| neo }fohmix }hfofo be f|qfseowe mf thths fo qew lio gv|}hlhe |ilhebfb nflni qib}hli mf èxis sfbfteolhe }se| be svq}vsemf bi| mhbiki| mfb Lekvo nelf voe mleme/

Mf qsi|qfses be qi|hchbhmem mf voe |ibvlho qib}hleeb liohl}i |ilheb x esèmi libi`cheoi" f| homh|lv}hcbf uvf qimseo ecshs|f liomhlhiof| oi |ibi qese vofgfslhlhi mf be qib}hle uvf mf|h|}e mfb sflvs|i mfb ebwe`hfo}i esèmi lio}se fb F|}emi" |hoi qese eteowes`| mflhmhme`fo}f nelhe be| }seo|isèlhiof| flio`hle|" qib}hle|" |ilhebf| x lvb}vsebf| uvf sfuvhfsf fbqe|/ E qf|es mf }ime| be| ls}hle| uvf |f bf neo nflni ebElvfsmi" voe| chfo ho}folhioeme|" i}se| fole`hoeme|

e fo}isqflfsbi" oi qvfmf lio|hmfses|f voe le|vebhmem uvf e`qbhi| |fl}isf| mf be |ilhfmem libi`cheoe"

Qew f~qsf||i

E|e`cbfe lio|}h}vxfo}f9

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


5/76

O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Lioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le

qes}hlvbes`fo}f mf be| lbe|f| |vceb}fsoe|" mfèomfo lio sewo ilvqes vof|qelhi fo be `f|e/ ]ebf| mfèome| |io voe mfì|}selho mf be qsf|folhe .f|}svl}vseb( mf e|qhselhiof| mf vgfsf|" le`qf|hoi|" f|}vmheo}f|" icsfsi|" homkfoe|"esimf|lfomhfo}f|" fo kfofseb" mf kfo}f| mfb liò" oi sf|vfb}e| qis fb skh`foh`qfseo}f fo fb èsli mf be ho|}h}vlhioebhmem f~h|}fo}f/ Eb `h|ì }hf`qi" |f }se}emf vo fo}fomh`hfo}i h`qblh}i mf be `f|e mf mhbiki| liì i}si f|qelhi qsicecbfmf be iskeohwelho mfb qimfs |icsf qsf|vqvf|}i| uvf mfo lvfo}e gv|}e`fo}f mf |v|bfk}hè| e|qhselhiof|/

@| ebb mf be bf}se mfb Elvfsmi" f| homh|lv}hcbf uvf fb mf|essibbi mf bi| mhbiki|qvfmf lio}shcvhs e mf|e}es e }set| mf mhtfs|e| isè| x `fmheo}f mhtfs|i| `fleoh|ì| f|e qi}folhe fo ile|hiof| h`qfslfq}hcbf mfb qimfs lio|}h}vxfo}f/ Fo fbmf|qbhfkvf mf f|f qimfs |f folvfo}seo be| tfsmemfse| qi|hchbhmemf| mf Be Neceoe/Be h`qis}eolhe mfb Elvfsmi fo}sf be kvfsshbbe x fb kichfsoi semhle qsflh|e`fo}f fonecfs echfs}i fb li`q|/ Uv }eo}i |f mf|qbhfke x lì |f mh|qiof fb le`qi" mfqfomfs gv|}e`fo}f mf be leqelhmem f hohlhe}hte uvf qvfme ì|}ses fb ìth`hfo}i|ilheb x qiqvbes/

Fb nflni mf uvf bi| mhbiki| |f qsf}fomeo emfbeo}es fo `fmhi mf be liosio}e

lho esème x uvf |bi sfo}f e be ftfo}vebhmem mf vo elvfsmi |f lio}f`qbf fb lf|fchbe}fseb eb vfki" f| mflhs" eb doeb mfb qsilf|i" liì bi ne |febemi f~qsf|e`fo}f

Fb 3> mf èswi mf 58>=" fb kichfsoi mf Cfbh|eshi Cf}eolvs x be| DESL .Dvfswe| Esème|Sftibvlhioeshe| mf Libi`che( sèo bi| Elvfsmi| mf be Vshcf" bi| lvebf| qsftfeo vo lf|f eb vfkix be }sfkve fo be| ellhiof| esème|/ Vo qsh`fs qe|i fo be c|uvfme mf be qew qese Libi`che/Hèkfo7 n}}q7)){{{/fblibi`cheoi/li )ceoli`fmhi|)kebfshe|)libi`cheY3153)5/gqk

Lio}fohmi


6/76

Y4

fb kichfsoi" oi |bi nelf qfbhksi|e`fo}f thmshi|i| bi| folvfo}si| mf BeNeceoe" |hoi homhle be e|qhselho mfb kichfsoi el}veb mf sf|ibtfs e|vo}i|mf be `f|e fo fb le`qi mf ce}ebbe/ Fo bi| eb}i| lslvbi| kvcfsoe`fo}ebf|nelf lessfse be }f|h| mf uvf be mho`hle mf be liosio}elho qsimvlhs besfomhlho/ Be qew f| be thl}ishe" |f edsè sfh}fseme`fo}f/

Be kseo mhdlvb}em mfb qsilf|i uvf |f f|} mf|e}eomi semhle qsflh|e`fo}ffo uvf be| lbe|f| mi`hoeo}f| mfb qe| x |v kichfsoi" fb mf \eo}i|" f|}otfomhfomi be hmfe mf voeqew f~qsf|| ce|eme fo be mf|ìthbhwelho mf be

ho|vskfolhe/ Bi| mhbiki| |fseo voe f|qflhf mf iskeohwelho qsikseèmemf be sfomhlho/ Emf`| mf be| `b}hqbf| èohf|}elhiof| fo f|f |fo}hmi"holbvhme| be| qsf|hmfolhebf|" fo sflhfo}f fo}sfth|}e fb f~qsf|hmfo}f L|es Kethshe |ho}f}hw f|e `hseme e|7

\hf`qsf be| Desl neo qsiqvf|}i uvf nex uvf sf|ibtfs bi| qsicbf-

è| oelhioebf| qis lvfo}e mfb qsilf|i mf qew/ F|i f| h`qi|hcbf/ Uvf

oi |f qvfmfo mf|ìthbhwes qisuvf nex qicsfwe" `h|fshe/// Bi uvf fb

qsf|hmfo}f \eo}i| f|} elismeomi lio be| Desl enise f| uvf |f teo e

mf|ìthbhwes" qfsi oi uvf teo e nelfs elvfsmi| qib}hli|/ F| voe li|emf vo ebleolf `vlni `| bh`h}emi .(/ .Fb ]hf`qi" 15/51/3153(/

Vo fo}fomh`hfo}i mf f|e| lesel}fs|}hle| qes}f mf mi| qsf`h|e| eb|e|7Qsh`fse" }se| |v mfssi}e `hbh}es" e be ho|vskfolhe oi bf uvfme `| le`hoiuvf be fo}sfke: |fkvome" fo qebecse| mfb teshiqho}i @hoh|}si Lio|fgfsiKeswo" xe oi nex i~kfoi qese ohokvoe bvlne esème/ Oi ic|}eo}f" |h|f |v|lshcf vo elvfsmi qese be }fs`hoelho mfb liohl}i `fmheo}f fb mhbiki" f| qisuvf |f sflioilf be h`qi|hchbhmem mf |v |ibvlho qis be te `hbh}es/Be dsè mfb elvfsmi liobbfte fb sflioilh`hfo}i mf be ho|vskfolhe liìvfswe qib}hli`hbh}es: qis }eo}i" be elfq}elho mf nflni mf be f~h|}folhe mflev|e| uvf f~qbhleo fb ebwe`hfo}i esèmi" uvf }fomseo uvf |fs sf|vfb}e|/

Be mfdohlho mf be Ekfome h`qbhle fb lio|fo}h`hfo}i `v}vi mf be oflf|hmem mf bbfkes eelvfsmi| qib}hli| uvf kfofsfo liomhlhiof| qese eteowesnelhe be |vqfselho mf bi| ì}hti| mfb liohl}i/ Be c|uvfme mf elvfsmi|h`qbhle |h}ves|f fo f|lfoeshi| mf }seo|ellho qese lio|}svhs fb mhlhb cebeolf fo}sf be| }seo|isèlhiof| sfuvfshme| qese mfges e}s| be| lev|e| mfbliohl}i x bi| fleoh|ì| x te| qese biksesbe|/ \f }se}e mf be li`qbfge sfbelho fo}sf dof| x fmhi|" mfdohmi| fo imi| x }hf`qi|/ Lì |f qsimvlfo

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


7/76

O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che

f|e| mfdohlhiof|" |h e fbbi |f bbfkesf" mfqfomfs fo kseo`fmhme mf be mho`hle x mf bi| ebleolf| mf be bvlne|ilheb x qiqvbes/

\h oi |f bikse elfq}es be hmfe mf uvf }ime |ibvlhoqib}hle uvf cv|uvf eteowes nelhe vo qsilf|i mf qewmvsemfsi x f|}ecbf h`qbhle liolf|hiof| mf be| qes}f|"qfsi |icsf }imi mf uvhfof| neo mf}fo}emi x mf}fo}eofb qimfs" |fs `vx mhlhb qfo|es fo voe }fs`hoelho

mfb liohl}i/ Fb sf}i uvf |f bf qbeo}fe eb ìth`hfo}i|ilheb x qiqvbes lio|h|}f gv|}e`fo}f fo li`qsfomfsx e|v`hs uvf fb Elvfsmi fo}sf be ho|vskfolhe x fb kichfsoi kfofse ovfte| liomhlhiof| mf qi|hchbhmem qeseqfo|es fb qimfs x |v| el}vebf| isè| mf iskeohwelhof ho|}h}vlhioebhwelho/ Mf qes}f mf be| lbe|f| mi`hoeo}f|" |f }se}e mf voe iqis}vohmem qese ho}fo}es besfli`qi|hlho mf |v qimfs mf lbe|f x vo `fgis folvemse`hfo}i mfb ìmfbi mf sfqshèshwelho doeolhesh

weme mf be flioiè" uvf `vf|}se b`h}f| qis be| sf|h|}folhe| x bvlne| qis fb }fssh}ishi x be qsiqhe }fomfolhemf be elv`vbelho }seo|oelhioeb fo fb èsli mf be lsh|h| leqh}ebh|}e/

\h |f eoebhwe fb lio}fohmi mfb Elvfsmi liì vo }imi" fo bi uvf b ebleowee f~qsf|es" }eo}i fo fb qsf`cvbi liì fo bi| |fh| qvo}i|" |f qvfmf edsèsuvf b f| lio}fo}hti mf qsfilvqelhiof| lfo}sebf| mf be |ilhfmem libi`cheoe"fo kfofseb" x mf be| lbe|f| |vceb}fsoe| x mf be| kfo}f| mfb liò" fo qes}hlvbes"`| ebb mf bi| fovolhemi| x elqh}f| f|qfldli|" uvf qvfmfo |isqsfomfs fobi isèb x mes bvkes e `b}hqbf| ho}fsqsf}elhiof|" holbv|i qisuvf ebkvoi| mffbbi| qsithfofo mf bfokvegf| ho|}h}vlhioebf| i mf iskeoh|ì| `vb}hbe}fsebf|/

Bi| lslvbi| mfb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i uvf f|}o qfo|eomi fo beqew f~qsf|| x bfneo mfdohmi mf eo}fèoi vo nishwio}f mf }hf`qi e bi| mhbiki|" lio|hmfseoe qes}hs mf voe th|ho f|}sflne mfb liohl}i |ilheb x esèmi" uvf fo be|qib}hle| kvcfsoe`fo}ebf| el}vebf| x fo ebkvoi| mf |v| mf|essibbi| bfkebf| |ffolvfo}seo |fo}eme| be| ce|f| mf vo elvfsmi doeb x uvf |bi be ho}seo|hkfolhemf be| DESLFQ x |v mf|liof~ho lio be sfebhmem oi bi nese qi|hcbf/ Foqes}hlvbes |f f|}hè uvf be| qsholhqebf| lvi}e| mfb qsilf|i xe |f neo qekemi7be Bfx mf tl}hè| x mf sf|}h}vlho mf }hfsse| x fb bbeèmi @esli gvsmhliqese be qew/ \f folio}sese qfomhfo}f" be xe lilhoeme bfx kfofseb ekseshe x

\h fo tfsmem |f uvhfsf eteo-wes nelhe be |vqfselho mfbe kvfsse x be sfliolhbhelho"fo liomhlhiof| elfq}ecbf|qese be| qes}f| x qese be|ilhfmem libi`cheoe fo |vliogvo}i" mfcfse lio}f`-qbes|f sflissfs fb le`hoi

mf voe E|e`cbfe oelhioeblio|}h}vxfo}f liì`fleoh|ì mf sfsfomelhomf vo ftfo}veb elvfsmioeb" |h e fbbi |f bbfkesf/Bi| }s`hoi| mf be Ekfomeqfs`h}fo bbfkes e voelio|hmfselho mf f|f }hqi/

Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le


8/76

Y>

mf mf|essibbi svseb" lvxi qsixfl}i oh |huvhfse|f ne qimhmi qsf|fo}es eb Lioksf|i qis bi|h`qfmh`fo}i| kfofsemi| qis be sfkvbelho mfb`fleoh|ì mf be lio|vb}e qsfthe" x be sfkbe`fo}elho mfb esli gvsmhli qese be qew" lvxiqsixfl}i |f ne eovolhemi" |fs qsf|fo}emi fof|}f f| mf il}vcsf eb Lioksf|i/ Mf f|e isèuvfmeseo sf|vfb}i| bi| qvo}i| lesmhoebf| mfb

Elvfsmi7 be lvf|}ho ekseshe x be qes}hlhqelhoqib}hle mf be ho|vskfolhe mf|ìthbhweme/ Bimf`| |fse lvf|}ho mf lesqho}fse/ Be| mh|lv|hiof| mf ebleolf f|}svl}vseb elfsle mf be|lev|e| uvf ishkhoeo x f~qbhleo fb ebwe`hfo}ifo esè|" mf be isèlho |ilhiflio`hleuvf qsimvlf x sfqsimvlf be| isè| mf qimfsf~h|}fo}f|" }fomseo uvf |fs sf|vfb}e| fo beli`qf}folhe fbfl}iseb/ \h ho}fsqsf}i chfo x f|i|

vfseo bi| }s`hoi| mf uvhfof| hèkhoeo voeqew f|qsf||" lsfi uvf be qi|hchbhmem mf vo elvfsmi doeb |f folvfo}se `vx bfgeoe/

\ho bvkes e mvme" be Ekfome mf mhbiki|lio}hfof" fo voe ho}fsqsf}elho e`qbhe" mi|}fè| `fmvbesf| mf be el}veb qsicbf`}hlelibi`cheoe7 Fo qsh`fs bvkes" be lvf|}ho mfbe }hfsse x fb }fssh}ishi" uvf fo |fo}hmi f|}shl}iliobbfte e be mh|lv|ho |icsf fb ìmfbi flio`hli" x" fo voe `hseme `| e`qbhe" |icsf fbìmi mf thme x mf qsimvllho/ Fo |fkvomibvkes" be iskeohwelho ho|}h}vlhioeb mfb fgfslhlhimf be qib}hle" uvf li`qsfomf be mh|lv|ho elfsle mf be| liodkvselhiof| mfb skh`fo qib}hlix" fo qes}hlvbes" mfb |h|}fè qib}hli" f| mflhs" belvf|}ho mf be mfìlselhe/

F|}e ho}fsqsf}elho e`qbhe qvfmf qiofs|f

fo |ho}ioe lio e|qhselhiof| x fbeciselhiof|mfb ìth`hfo}i |ilheb x qiqvbes/ Be| Ekfome

Bi| Elvfsmi| mf Lisho}i"Levle" vfsio |v|lsh}i| fb3= mf eki|}i mf 58>= fo}sffb kichfsoi mf Cf}eolvs x fb@ith`hfo}i 58 mf Ecshb .@-58(/\f bbfk e elvfsmi| |h`hbesf|lio fb Fgslh}i Qiqvbes mfBhcfselho .@fmfbbo" 3< mfeki|}i mf 58>=( x Ev}imffo|eIcsfse/ Fb qsilf|i mf qew |fis}ebfle/Hèkfo7 n}}q7)){{{/xiv}vcf/li`){e}ln9t0}T}>VmcOY|

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


9/76


mfcf |fs eqsiqheme |ilheb`fo}f x mi}eme lio bi| lio}fohmi| uvf bf uvhfseo xbf qvfmeo h`qsh`hs be| lbe|f| |vceb}fsoe|" be| kfo}f| mfb liò/ Be| `b}hqbf| mfèome| mf qes}hlhqelho fo bi|mhbiki| mf Be Neceoe homhleo uvf oi|f f|}es fo qsf|folhe |h`qbf`fo}f mfvoe| liotfs|elhiof| fo}sf be kvfsshbbe

x fb kichfsoi/ \fl}isf| èxish}eshi| mfbe |ilhfmem libi`cheoe tfo fo fbbe|"lio }ime be sewo" voe iqis}vohmemqese eteowes ffl}hte`fo}f nelhe voe|ibvlho qib}hle mfb liohl}i |ilheb xesèmi/

\h fo tfsmem |f uvhfsf eteowes nelhebe |vqfselho mf be kvfsse x be sfliolhbhelho" fo liomhlhiof| elfq}ecbf| qese

be| qes}f| x qese be |ilhfmem libi`cheoefo |v liogvo}i" mfcfse lio}f`qbes|f sflissfs fb le`hoi mf voe E|e`cbfe oelhioeblio|}h}vxfo}f liì `fleoh|ì mf sfsfomelho mf vo ftfo}veb elvfsmi doeb" |h efbbi |f bbfkesf/ Bi| }s`hoi| mf be Ekfome qfs`h}fo bbfkes e voe lio|hmfselho mf f|f}hqi/ @foi| qsicecbf f| be hmfe mf uvf elvfsmi| fo}sf be| qes}f| uvfmfo |vqfmh}emi|e be tibvo}em mfb Lioksf|i" ho|}h}vlho lvf|}hioeme x lesfo}f mf bfkh}h`hmem" x eblio}sib mf lio|}h}vlhioebhmem uvf fgfslf be Lis}f Lio|}h}vlhioeb/

\h chfo f| lhfs}i uvf vo liolfq}i mf |ibvlho qib}hle oi h`qbhle be e}fshebhwelhoho`fmhe}e mf }seo|isèlhiof| f|}svl}vsebf|" uvf fo |fo}hmi f|}shl}i bbfteo }hf`qix sf|qiomfo `| e be bkhle mf qsilf|i|" }eb qsiq|h}i | mfèome be mfdohlho mfqsholhqhi|" qsiq|h}i|" te| x `fleoh|ì|" uvf liobbftfo voe sfiskeohwelho mfbqimfs x voe sfmfdohlho mfb F|}emi x mf be |ilhfmem |icsf bi| qsf|vqvf|}i| mf voovfti lio|fo|i" liì bi f~hkf nix fb ìth`hfo}i |ilheb x qiqvbes fo ovf|}si qe|"x bi `vf|}se be qsiqhe f~qfshfolhe lio|}h}vxfo}f be}hoie`fshleoe mf bi| b}hì|bv|}si|/ \h fbbi f| qi|hcbf" mfqfomfs fo kseo `fmhe mf be leqelhmem mf mf|qbhfkvfe }set| mf be iskeohwelho x be ìthbhwelho" mf be ellho qib}hle iskeohweme mfbe qi}folhe lio|}h}vxfo}f mf be| lbe|f| |vceb}fsoe| x mf be| kfo}f| mfb liò/



10/76

Y51

Qibh}bikiEm`hoh|}semis Qcbhli

Hokfohfsi Homv|}sheb@ek|}fs fo

F|}vmhi| Qib}hli|Leomhme}i e Mil}isfo F|}vmhi| Qib}hli|

x Sfbelhiof|Ho}fsoelhioebf|

\eo}i| Ebio|iCfb}so Cfb}so

Be qew f|" qis |vqvf|}i" vo mfsflni uvf mfcfse keseo}hwes|f e }imi| bi| lhvmemeoi|" x |vc|uvfme" vo mfcfs mf }imi| bi| kichfsoi|/ Be qew f|be liomhlho |ilheb fo be uvf bi| homhthmvi| qvfmfomf|essibbes|f mf èofse ho}fkseb: fo be uvf fb lsflh`hfo}i flio`hli sfqis}e `fgisf| liomhlhiof| mf

thme qese }imi|" `fmheo}f be sf|ibvlho mf be| oflf|hmemf| x mf|fi| mf be |ilhfmem e }set| mfb v|i selhioebmf bi| sflvs|i| e mh|qi|hlho: fo be uvf be qib}hle |fliothfs}f fo fb f|qelhi lhthbhwemi mf liosio}elhomf be| }fomfolhe| hmfibkhle| |icsf fb mf|}hoi mf bi|sflvs|i| qcbhli| x be qes}hlhqelho mf }imi| fo beem`hoh|}selho mf bi| e|vo}i| li`vof|: be qew f| beliomhlho |ilheb fo be uvf be thme nvèoe ic}hfof fb`~hì ksemi mf tebhmfw fo voe e}`|fse mf sf|qf}i"|ibhmeshmem x }ibfseolhe el}hte mf be| mhfsfolhe|/ Mfèofse }eb uvf sf|vb}ese ec|ibv}e`fo}f mf|lecfbbemiiqiofs|f e be c|uvfme mf be qew" | fo voe |ilhfmemliì be libi`cheoe uvf ne tfomhmi |iqis}eomi be`| lsvfo}e thibfolhe mf vo liohl}i cbhli qsibiokemi x mfksememi" fo fb uvf `hbbiof| mf libi`cheoi||f neo th|}i efl}emi| mf `b}hqbf| isè|" xe qis fbe|f|hoe}i mf |v| |fsf| uvfshmi|" qis fb mf|qbewe`hfo}i

iswemi" qis be qfsmhme mf |v| chfof| x fo|fsf| i qis fb|febe`hfo}i x fb i|}selh|ì qib}hli eb uvf neo |hmi

Be qew" be kvfsse xbi| ofkilhi|7Vo eobh|h|mf|mf fb sfebh|ì qib}hli

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


11/76


liomfoemi|: fo do" qis be| lio|flvfolhe| ofe|}e mf be kvfsse" uvf |vsfo mf èofse è| mf|lesoeme be| lbe|f| qiqvbesf|" fo vb}hè| bi| `hf`csi| mf bi| lvfsqi|esèmi|" fgslh}i x kvfsshbbe|" x }e`cho bi| ho}fkseo}f| mfb lio}f~}i |ilheb miomf |fmf|essibbeo be| ellhiof| mf kvfsse" be qfshfshe mf be| kseomf| lhvmemf|" be Libi`chesvseb fo be uvf |f `vftfo bi| el}isf| esèmi|" be| wioe| mf sio}fse ekslibe miomfle`qfeo be qicsfwe" fb mf|lvhmi f|}e}eb x bi| lvb}hti| hblh}i|/ Be qew mfcfse |hkohdles qese f|}i| libi`cheoi| oi |bi fb lf|f mf be thibfolhe" |hoi be }seo|isèlhosfeb mf |v| liomhlhiof| è}fshebf| mf f~h|}folhe/

Qfsi be qew qvfmf qfslhchs|f }e`cho liì fb lio}f~}i |ilheb qi|h}hti fo fb uvf|f qvfmfo mf|fotibtfs" |ho lio}se}hf`qi|" bi| ofkilhi|" be| lveo}hi|e| hotfs|hiof|mf leqh}eb fo be f~qbi}elho eksiqflveshe x `hofsifofsk}hle x fb mh|sv}f mf beqsiqhfmem |ho }s`hoi qis qes}f mf bi| qi|ffmisf| mf leqh}eb/ Be qew" fo f|}f |fo}hmi" sfmvlf mf èofse sfeb bi| li|}i| mfshtemi| mf be holfs}hmv`csf" vo |icsfli|}iuvf icbhke eb kseo leqh}eb e sfebhwes qsith|hiof| f~}se| mf mhofsi qese lvcshs bi|qi|hcbf| e}fo}emi| lio}se be hosef|}svl}vse uvf mfcf lsfes" e sfmvlhs be e`foewe mfthibfolhe uvf qfomf |icsf be lecfwe mf bi| uvf" fo voe |ilhfmem }eo mf|hkveb liìbe ovf|}se" uvhfsfo nelfs kebe mf be i|}fo}elho x fb mfssilnf fo be qsiqhfmem x fb

lio|vì/ Be qew f|" fo f|}f |fo}hmi" }eo}i voe liomhlho qese be hotfs|ho liìvo keseo}f mfb ev`fo}i mf be| keoeolhe| mfb leqh}eb/ Fo voe |ilhfmem miomf be

Fo |fq}hf`csf mf 58>;" be| DESL" fb FBO" fb @-58" fb FQB" fb QS] x fb @ith`hfo}i Uvho}o Be`flsfesio be Liismhoemise Oelhioeb Kvfsshbbfse \hò Cibtes" |fkvomi ho}fo}i qis vohles be|iskeohwelhiof| kvfsshbbfse| x qsixfl}es fb qsilf|i mf qew/ Be ovfte f|}svl}vse" |ho f`ceski" oibiks |v| icgf}hti|/ Hèkfo mf7 n}}q7)){{{/fbqeh|/li`/li)fbqeh|)hoiksede|)lsioibikheqew)homf~/n}`b

Lio}fohmi


12/76

Y53

f~qeo|ho flio`hle f|}e lhseme fo be f~qbi}elho qshèshe mf sflvs|i|qis qes}f mf kseomf| hotfs|hioh|}e| qshtemi|" fo f|qelhi| kfiksdli| miomf fb liohl}i esèmi |f sflsvmflf" |fbbes vo elvfsmi mf qew f| be `fgisèofse mf keseo}hwes be |fkvshmem mf be hotfs|ho x be keoeolhe" x f|f f| fble|i mf Libi`che/

Be kvfsse ho}fsoe x be| biliì}ise| mfb mf|essibbi7 ]}vbi| `hofsi|"f~qbi}elho qf}sibfse x thibfolhe esème

Be sfbelho fo}sf flioiè x kvfsse hssfkvbes te | ebb mfb eobh|h| flioi`hlh|}e uvf bhke be leq}vse mf sfo}e| hbfkebf| lio fb is}ebflh`hfo}i mf bi|ksvqi| ho|vskfo}f|/ F|}e qi|hlho mf|qibh}hwe be| liosio}elhiof| esème|ho}fsoe| sfmvlhomibe| |h`qbf`fo}f e voe ellho mf ceomhmegf emfbeo}eme qis ksvqi| esèmi| hbfkebf|" uvf" eo}f voe mho`hle flio`hle mflhb f~}is|ho ce|eme fo be f~qbi}elho mf qsimvl}i| qshèshi|" `f}ebf|qsflhi|i| i li`cv|}hcbf|" fo vo F|}emi |ho leqelhmem mf h`qiofs|f fo fb}fssh}ishi x lio voe qicbelho mh|qfs|e" ebfgeme mf bi| lfo}si| mf qimfs xlio cegi ohtfb mf linf|ho |ilheb |f liothfs}fo fo ède| uvf leq}vseo be

qsimvllho bileb x |f qsixfl}eo e be hovfolhe oelhioeb qese |e}h|elfs |veo mf elv`vbelho hbfkeb/ Be mf|qibh}hwelho |f liolsf}e lio be mfoi`hoelho mf f|}e| eksvqelhiof| liì |h`qbf| ksvqi| }fssish|}e|" `hfo}se| |fbf| lfslfoe |v lesl}fs qib}hli liì sfqsf|fo}eo}f| mf mho`hle| |ilhebf|mf sf|h|}folhe fo bi }fssh}ishi|" x |f bf| sfmvlf e eksvqelhiof| ebfgeme| mfb|fo}hs qiqvbes x e |h`qbf| ho|}sv`fo}i| mf lecflhbbe| chfo qi|hlhioemi|fo fb mh|sv}f mf be| sfo}e| hbfkebf|" uvf v|eo be thibfolhe qese e`fmsfo}ese be qicbelho" ebfges e be| ev}ishmemf| x ofv}sebhwes e |v| fof`hki| fo fbofkilhi hbfkeb/

Fo Libi`che" f|}e ishfo}elho eoeb}hle ne nflni lessfse x fb eobh|h|qib}hli mfb liohl}i esèmi ne |hmi mf|qbewemi qis be fmhlho flioi`}shle mf be| sfo}e| mf bi| hbfkebf| x be f|}hèlho mf be| keoeolhe| mfgeme| mfqfslhchs qis bi| hotfs|hioh|}e| qshtemi| fo be| sfkhiof|/ Be kfisffsfolhelho mf|essibbeme qis f|}i| eobh|h| mf|lvcsf tfsmemf| mf Qfsiksvbbi7 uvf bekvfsse ho}fsoe |f ho}fo|hdle fo bi| }fssh}ishi| miomf be| flioiè| hbfkebf|}hfofo qsf|folhe" miomf |f qsixfl}eo be| kseomf| hotfs|hiof| fo icse| mfhosef|}svl}vse i mf f~qbi}elho hofsifofsk}hle" i miomf fb kseo leqh}eb

vchle be `hseme qese kfofses mho`hle| mf mf|essibbi ìo}eme| |icsf bekseo f~qbi}elho eksiqflveshe/ Be ekvmfwe mfb eobh|h| lef qvf| fo fb bvkes

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


13/76


liò mf |febes uvf qese uvf voe kvfsse hssfkvbes |fmf|essibbf f| oflf|eshi uvf f~h|}eo sflvs|i| lveo}hi|i|x voe qsf|folhe ho|}h}vlhioeb lissvq}e" mchb i" qis bi`foi|" hof~h|}fo}f/ Be liolbv|ho mfb eobh|h| }fs`hoeictheomi be mho`hle `| h`qis}eo}f" e |ecfs" uvfbe liohl}hthmem |ilheb mfshteme mf be| flioiè| mfmh|qise |f qibh}hwe eo}f vo F|}emi uvf `| uvf |fs fbkeseo}f mf bi| mfsflni| mf be qicbelhiof| tvbofseme|"

|f liothfs}f fo ekfo}f mf bi| ho}fsf|f| mf be| kseomf|li`qee| mf f~qbi}elho" fo fb l`qbhlf bileb mf be|ède| uvf |flvf|}seo fb qimfs qib}hli x fo be }siqemf ilvqelho qese sfoes bi| sflbeì| mf be| li`vohmemf| efl}eme|/

Ovfte`fo}f f| Libi`che fb fgf`qbi qis eo}ioiè|he mf f|}e |h}velho7 be li`qbfghmem }fssh}isheb mfb qe|" |v sfbhftf ecsvq}iuvf qbeo}fe voe mhlhb liof~ho ho}fsoe" be lio|}svllho mf }fssh}ishebhmemf|fo miomf be ev|folhe f|}e}eb ne kfofsemi qese be qicbelho be oflf|hmem mf

iskeohwes|f mf èofse homfqfomhfo}f e be| bkhle| fèoeme| mf|mf fb lfo}si f~lbvxfo}f| x thibfo}e| x" qis |vqvf|}i" be qi}folhebhmem mf shuvfweflio`hle uvf fb }fssh}ishi f| leqew mf kfofses" xe qis bi| lvb}hti| hblh}i|"be f~}sellho mf sflvs|i| oe}vsebf| i be f~qbi}elho ekslibe" qfs`h}h fbmf|essibbi mf eksvqelhiof| ho|vskfo}f| uvf mf|mf bi| ei| |f|fo}e f`qfwesio e mh|qv}es lio fb F|}emi be lio|}svllho mf sffsfo}f| qib}hli| x beiskeohwelho |ilheb fo be| sfkhiof|/

Be sf|qvf|}e thibfo}e mfb F|}emi e f|}e| iskeohwelhiof| x be lio|}svllhomf }fghmi |ilheb ebsfmfmis mf fbbe|" qis be ho`hkselho le`qf|hoe e be| sfkhiof| mf mi`hohi ho|vskfo}f" |ibi sflsvmflh be kvfsse" be qsibiok x kfofsbe mfksemelho mfb liohl}i esèmi qis }imi| bi| el}isf| hotibvlsemi|/ Fof|}f ì`fo}i be| qfs|qfl}hte| mf lsflh`hfo}i flio`hli f|}o e}eme|" fof|e| sfkhiof|" eb mf|essibbi mf qsixfl}i| mf f~}sellho `hofse x qf}sibfse" ebe f~qbi}elho mf f}ebf| liohl}hti| x e be kfofselho mf kseomf| qsixfl}i|mf mf|essibbi ekslibe7 ebleowes be qew |f liothfs}f fo voe oflf|hmem qeseelbhè}es be| hotfs|hiof|" qese sfmvlhs bi| shf|ki| mfshtemi| mf be liohl}hthmem |ilheb x qese lio fbbi kfofses bi| qvo}i| emhlhioebf| mf lsflh`hfo}i

uvf |f neo mfgemi mf qfslhchs" qfsi uvf oi keseo}hweo be sfmh|}shcvlho mfbhoksf|i x" qis fbbi" }e`qili fb mf|essibbi lio gv|}hlhe |ilheb/

Voe qi|hlho mf hwuvhfsmemfcf ho|h|}hs fo uvf be bbetfmf be qew oi f|} fo èoi||bi mf bi| lio}fomhfo}f|"|hoi uvf mf|leo|e mfèofse sfeb fo be |ilhfmemthl}h`hweme qis fb }fssish|-ì mf F|}emi x ne|}heme mf

be f~qbi}elho flio`hle"be f~lbv|ho qib}hle x bemi`hoelho ho}fsoelhioeb/



14/76

Y5=

Be qew x be kvfsse7 Voe lvf|}ho mf li|}i|9

Fo sfqf}hme| ile|hiof| |f ne edsèmi qis ebkvoi|eoebh|}e|" x qis volhioeshi| mfb `h|ì kichfsoi" uvfbe kvfsse ho}fsoe uvf thtf fb qe| ne lev|emi vo sf}se|ifo fb lsflh`hfo}i flio`hli/ Eqvo}eo bi| eoebh|}e|flio`hli| uvf |f qimse kfofses vo ebwe mf mi| e}sf| qvo}i| qislfo}vebf| fo be lhse mf lsflh`hfo}i mfbe flioiè oelhioeb" qfsi uvf bi| li|}i| e|ilhemi|

e be thibfolhe honhcfo fb mf|fotibth`hfo}i emflvemimf be flioiè7 fb shf|ki mf mf|essibbes hotfs|hiof| fobe| sfkhiof| euvfgeme| qis fb liohl}i" bi| sflvs|i|mf|}hoemi| e be kvfsse" be mf|}svllho mf hosef|}svl}vse qis bi| ebwemi| fo esè| x" fo kfofseb" beholfs}hmv`csf qese fb leqh}eb hotfs|hioh|}e" lev|eseof|}f sfweki fo fb lsflh`hfo}i/ E|" voe |ilhfmem foqew |fse vo e`chfo}f qsitflni|i qese be hotfs|hof~}seogfse x" lio fbbi" qese fb lsflh`hfo}i mf be fli

oiè/ \ho f`ceski" oi f| lbesi uvf fb lsflh`hfo}iflio`hli mfshtf mf èofse lhb fo fuvhmem |ilheb"x }eb tfw f|}i| flioi`h|}e| |hkeo qfo|eomi fo uvf be}fise ofibhcfseb mfb ki}fi cfofdlhes qis eemhmvse ebi| `| qicsf|7 be shuvfwe sfci|eo}f mf bi| qi|ffmisf|mf leqh}eb hsshkes be| lbe|f| qiqvbesf| lio cfofdlhi|liì f`qbfi f hoksf|i/

Fb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i f|}" qvf|" mh|qvf|}i e qekes bi|li|}i| qese ic}fofs voe qew uvf qfs`h}e fb lsflh`hfo}iflio`hli/ Fo be `fo}ebhmem mfb }fomfsi" be| |vè| xbe| sf|}e| bf qbeo}feo vo cebeolf qi|h}hti7 }fomso uvfholvsshs fo ebkvoi| li|}i| d|lebf|" }fomso uvf ìmhdles bftf`fo}f fb sh}ì mf be| hotfs|hiof|" qfsi ebeski qbewi qimso elfbfses fb sh}ì mf be| keoeolhe|/Fo f|}f ì`fo}i `| uvf vo qsf|hmfo}f li`qsi`f}hmi lio be qew" bi uvf }fofì| f| e vo f|}ecbflh`hfo}ine|}hemi mf bi| li|}i| flio`hli| mf be kvfsse" vo f|

}ecbflh`hfo}i uvf |f `f}h be èoi eb cib|hbbi qesekeseo}hwes fb doeolhe`hfo}i mf mhfw ei| mf be kvfsse

Voho Qe}sh}hle7 @ith`hfo}iqib}hli |vskhmi fo 58>6 esew mf be| Elvfsmi| mf BeVshcf lio be| DESL/ \fse

mf|mf |v lsfelho cbeoli mfb`hbh}esh|ì" uvf qsel}hl vo

kfoilhmhi qib}hli lio}se fbbe/Hèkfo7 n}}q7))f|/{hjhqfmhe/isk){hjh)

Voh&L


15/76


`| lsvfo}e x li|}i|e mf be nh|}ishe mfb qe|" xuvf oi li|flni bi sv}i| uvf f|qfsece/ Enise"eo}f fb cii` `hofsi" eo}f be qi|hchbhmem mff~qbi}elho è|hte mfb eksi" eo}f be qfs|qfl}htemf ho|fslho ho}fsoelhioeb `fmheo}f bi| ]BL"bi| el}isf| sfebf| mf qimfs qsf|hioeo qese uvffb kichfsoi mf }vsoi tvfbte e be `f|e mf ofkilhelho" evouvf oi f|}o mh|qvf|}i| e qfs`h}hs

bi| svhmi| mf voe |ilhfmem lhthb uvf uvhfsee`qbhes be qfs|qfl}hte mf be ofkilhelho" uvf be|euvf mfb |h`qbf icgf}hti mf be mf|ìthbhwelhomf bi| ebwemi| fo esè| x be qsixfl}f nelhe voe}seo|isèlho mf be flioiè" mfb fgfslhlhi mfbqimfs qib}hli" mf be iskeohwelho mfb }fssh}ishi"mfb |fo}hmi mf be| sfbelhiof| ho}fsoelhioebf|7 be|lis}e| hse| mfb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i |iqis}eseo bi|li|}i| mf be ofkilhelho" qfsi |hf`qsf uvf f|}i|

|feo bh`h}emi|" }eo}i fo fb }hf`qi liì fo be ìmhdlelho mf be| f|}svl}vse| mf qimfs: |h |f f~}sebh`h}eo |f bfteo}eso mf be ofkilhelho" hotfo}eomilvebuvhfs f~lv|e" x bvfki bi nes fb kichfsoi qese mes be h`qsf|ho mf uvf |iobi| ebwemi| fo esè| bi| uvf |hf`qsf cihli}feo fb qsilf|i/

Fo fb qsilf|i mf qew uvf |f hohlhe" be |ilhfmem libi`cheoe mfcf }fofslbesi uvf be hoth}elho mfb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i e folio}ses |ebhme| eb liohl}iesèmi cv|le fo cvfoe `fmhme lio|}svhs vo e`chfo}f mf |fkvshmem qib}hle x gvsmhle qese be| hotfs|hiof|7 be kvfsse ho}fsoe f| vo h`qvf|}i `vxeb}i uvf be| lbe|f| mi`hoeo}f| oi f|}o mh|qvf|}e| e |fkvhs qekeomi/ Beqi|hlho mf voe |ilhfmem lio|lhfo}f mf be qi}folhebhmem }seo|isèmise mfbi| elfsle`hfo}i| mf qew" mfcf iswes e be e`qbhelho mf be `f|e mf mhbikix e be holbv|ho mf |fl}isf| |ilhebf|" è| ebb mf bi| lb|hli| el}isf| mf qimfs fb kichfsoi" bi| ksf`hi| flio`hli|" bi| `hbh}esf| f" holbv|i" be qsiqhekvfsshbbe: voe qi|hlho mf hwuvhfsme mfcf ho|h|}hs fo uvf be bbetf mf be qewoi f|} fo èoi| |bi mf bi| lio}fomhfo}f|" |hoi uvf mf|leo|e mf èofsesfeb fo be |ilhfmem thl}h`hweme qis fb }fssish|ì mf F|}emi x ne|}heme mf bef~qbi}elho flio`hle" be f~lbv|ho qib}hle x be mi`hoelho ho}fsoelhioeb/

Fo fb qsilf|i mf qew uvf |fhohlhe" be |ilhfmem libi`-

cheoe mfcf }fofs lbesi uvfbe hoth}elho mfb f|}ecbflh-`hfo}i e folio}ses |ebhme|eb liodhl}i esèmi cv|le

fo cvfoe `fmhme lio|}svhsvo e`chfo}f mf |fkvshmem

qib}hle x gvsmhle qesebe| hotfs|hiof|7 be kvfsse

ho}fsoe f| vo h`qvf|}i `vxeb}i uvf be| lbe|f| mi`h-

oeo}f| oi f|}o mh|qvf|}e|e |fkvhs qekeomi/



16/76

Y54

Dhb|idiQsidf|is mfb Ho|}h}v}i

Ebcfs}i @fseoh

Kfsesmi Eomsemf

Fo be nh|}ishe nvèoe" be }hle x be qib}hle neoeqesflhmi e `fovmi eo}ekohle|/ Fo be bh}fse

}vse" qis fgf`qbi" @isho .3114( }sef e lvfo}i be iqi|hlho mf Eo}kioe e Lsfio}f/ Fbbe sfhthomhle bi| tebisf|sfbhkhi|i| x se}fsoi|" fo oi`csf mf bi| lvebf| edsè fbmfsflni mf |v nfsèoi e |fs fo}fssemi" `hfo}se| uvf bsfqsf|fo}e be |icfseoe mfb F|}emi x ne qsinhchmi uvf |fbf m |fqvb}vse e Qibhohlf5/ Be iqi|hlho mf Eo}kioe

5 Eo}kioe fse nfsèoe mf F}filbf| x Qibhohlf/ E be

`vfs}f mf Fmhqi" |}i| mfceo }vsoes|f fb qimfs

fo ]fce|/ \ho f`ceski" F}filbf| si`qf fb elvfsmi

x qsf}fomf qfsqf}ves|f liì sfx/ Qibhohlf cv|le

|ibhmeshmem fo be lhvmem mf Eski| x e}ele e ]fce|:

fo be ce}ebbe" bi| nfsèoi| |f meo `vfs}f fo}sf |"

mfchmi e bi lveb Lsfio}f" }i mf }imi| fbbi|" e|v`f

fb èomi x liomfoe e Qibhohlf qis necfs e}elemi

e |v qsiqhe lhvmem/ Fb le|}hki lio|h|}f fo uvf fb

lemtfs mf Qibhohlf oi qvfmf sflhchs |fqvb}vse" bi

uvf |hkohle uvf |v ebè fsses f}fsoe`fo}f" nis-sis uvf fth}e Eo}kioe eb fo}fsses fb lvfsqi/

Mf Eo}kioeeb qsilf|i mf qewEqvo}f| qese voe mh|lv|ho

|icsf }hle x qib}hle

Qese `h| f|}vmheo}f| mf be e|hkoe}vse mf}hle x }se|lfomfolhe 3153

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


17/76


lev|e |v qsiqhe `vfs}f x me bvkes eb mf|folemfoe`hfo}i mf be }sekfmhe" eb doeb mfbe lveb Lsfio}f uvfme li`qbf}e`fo}f |ibi x |f me lvfo}e mf uvf li`f}h vo ksetffssis eb mffomfs fb ismfo f|}ecbflhmi |ho lio|hmfses be qes}hlvbeshmem mf be |h}velho/

Qese Eo}kioe" be| bfxf| mhthoe| f|}o qis folhè mf be| bfxf| mfb F|}emi/ Nesfksf|emi e ]fce| mf|qv| mf lvhmes mf |v qemsf Fmhqi fo |v mf|}hfssi fsseo}f xovfte`fo}f f| tl}hè mf be mf|kselhe/ El}e qis eìs" f| |v vfswe be uvf be bbftee lissfs lvebuvhfs shf|ki" e esio}es |v qsiqhi |elshdlhi" liì mflbese fo vo qe|egfmf be icse7 Oi nf oelhmi qese li`qes}hs fb imhi" |hoi fb eìs/ Fo fbbe |f nelfofthmfo}f| }ime| be| ho|}eolhe| uvf li`qis}e voe }hle qsiqhe" voe ev}i}hle" liìbe mfoi`hoe Fmkes @isho .3114(/ Evouvf |f f~qiof e ìshs" f| homvmecbf uvf |feè e | `h|è" qvf| ne mflhmhmi ìshs lio kbishe" liì bf lecf e vo lhvmemeoi"x eè e |v nfsèoi Qibhohlf" e| liì e` e |v qemsf x e |v èmsf/ \ecf chfo biuvf h`qbhle |v liomhlho mf `vgfs fo voe |ilhfmem uvf qshthbfkhe e bi| ni`csf|: f|lio|lhfo}f mf bi uvf |hkohdle thths fo voe lvb}vse qe}shesleb x" qis bi }eo}i" lioilfbe èkoh}vm mf |v ho`hofo}f le|}hki/ Qf|f e }imi" sfebhwe |v qsiq|h}i qisuvf fo bne lhsemi |v }se|lfomfolhe/

Xi" qis `h qes}f" fo}fsses e Qibhohlf/ \fs nfsì|i qese ` ìshs lv`-

qbhfomi f|f mfcfs/ E| sfqi|es gvo}i e b" eèo}f nfsèoe lio fb eèmi

54 mf oithf`csf mf 58>6/ Beowe`hfo}i mf be Voho Qe}sh}hle liì qes}hmi qib}hli/ Hèkfo mf7 n}}q7))lmo/mhqh}x/li`)vqbiem|)ftfo}|)5l1el8lm6


18/76

Y5>

nfsèoi: sfcfbmf x |eo}e qis lv`qbhs lio

}imi| `h| mfcfsf| qhemi|i|: uvf `| lvfo}e

`f }hfof mes kv|}i e bi| uvf f|}o ecegi" uvf

e bi| uvf f|}o euv esshce" qvf| qese |hf`qsf

}foki uvf mf|leo|es cegi }hfsse/

Lsfio}f ne }ièmi qes}hmi qis be| bfxf| mf belhvmem x cv|le uvf |f icfmfwleo lhfke`fo}f/ Qese b

oi h`qis}e fb eìs se}fsoi" evo lveomi |v qsiqhinhgi" Nfò" f| fb qsi`f}hmi mf Eo}kioe x |}e f||v |icshoe/ \v el}h}vm f|} mf}fs`hoeme qis bfxf| uvfb `h|ì qsf}fomf ho`v}ecbf| f holvf|}hioecbf|/

Qis `h qes}f lio|hmfsi" nix liì exfs" vo

èb kicfsoeo}f eb uvf fo fb kichfsoi mf voe

lhvmem oi |ecf emiq}es be| mflh|hiof| `|

lvfsme| x mfge uvf fb `hfmi" qis bi| ì}hti|

uvf |feo" bf folemfof be bfokve: x eb uvf f|-}h`f `| e vo e`hki uvf e |v qsiqhe qe}she"

e |f bi }foki liì vo |fs mf|qsflhecbf/ Uvf

Wfv| f}fsoi" f|lsv}emis mf }ime| be| li|e|"

`f ihke% Ge`| qe|es fo |hbfolhi fb mei uvf

e`foewe e `h| lhvmemeoi|" x ovole }foms

qis e`hki e vo fof`hki mfb qe|/ Lsfi" fo

fdfl}i" uvf be |ebtelho mf be qe}she f| ovf|}se

|ebtelho x uvf ovole oi| deb}eso e`hki|

`hfo}se| ovf|}se oetf le`hof kicfsoemelio

sfl}i }hò/

Fo shkis" Lsfio}f el}e mf elvfsmi lio vo h`qfse}hti ìseb uvf qsithfof mf voe vfo}f |ilheb" f~}fsoe eb h|ì/ @vx }esmf" e f~qfo|e| mfb emhthoi ]hsf|he| xmfb lisi mf eolheoi|" li`qsfomf uvf ne li`f}hmi voksetf fssis uvf qsitiles mf|kselhe| oi |bi e b" |hoie }ime ]fce|" x }se}e mf fo`fomes |v ellho" qfsi fbmf|}hoi xe |f ne lv`qbhmi/

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


19/76


In" hssfqesecbf| x ìs}ebf| fssisf| mf `h

`fo}f f~}setheme% In ti|i}si| uvf tfh| eb

è}emis x e be tl}hè mf |v qsiqhe |eoksf%

In" |fo}folhe| bbfoe| mf mf`folhe% En" nhgi

ì7 `vfsf| fo }v gvtfo}vm" mf voe `vfs}f

qsfè}vse" x }v vfs}f" ex%" oi ne |hmi lev|e-

me qis voe bilvse }vxe" |hoi qis be è%

Fb lisi mf eolheoi| mf ]fce| |fo}folhe eb doeb7

Be qsvmfolhe f| lio `vlni be qsh`fse

dvfo}f mf tfo}vse/ Oi |f mfcf |fs h`qi lio

bi| mhi|f|/ Be| qebecse| ho|ibfo}f| x eb}eofse|

be| qekeo lio kseomf| hodis}vohi| bi| f|qsh}v|

iskvbbi|i|" uvf oi eqsfomfo e }fofs gvhlhi |hoi

lveomi bbfkeo be| }esme| nise| mf be tfgfw/

Tfho}hlholi |hkbi| mf|qv| mf f|lsh}e x sfqsf|fo}emebe }sekfmhe kshfke" fo vo qbeoi mh|}ho}i" fo Libi`che" bi| qvfcbi| homkfoe| mfb Levle neo f~hkhmi fbsf}hsi mf be kvfsse mf |v| }fssh}ishi|" fb sf|qf}i e |v|mfsflni| }fssh}ishebf| x lvb}vsebf|" mf ev}ioiè"lio|vb}e" hmfo}hmem" mhkohmem x sf|qf}i e be| oisè|mfb Mfsflni Ho}fsoelhioeb Nvèoh}eshi3/ Xe oi f|voe qfs|ioe uvf bvlne qis voe `vfs}f mhkoe: f| volibfl}hti fb uvf cv|le voe thme mhkoe/ X fo oi`csfmf uvho oi| f|}o necbeomi9 Xi `f e}sftfse e mflhsuvf bi nelfo fo oi`csf mf be nvèohmem" }eo}i liìfo oi`csf qsiqhi x }eo}i liì fo oi`csf mf voeLio|}h}vlho lvxi| qsholhqhi| f|}o leme tfw `| bfgi|mf nelfs|f sfebhmem/ X uv f| bi uvf bi| ho|qhse9 Liìe Eo}kioe" fb mibis x fb eìs7

3 @eohf|}i qis be Qew mf Libi`che/

4 x ; mf oithf`csf mf 58>6/Vo lièomi kvfsshbbfsi mfb@-58 |f }iè fb Qebelhi mfGv|}hlhe" lio be ho}folho mfgvwkes e Cfbh|eshi Cf}eolvs

qis fb holv`qbh`hfo}i mf bi|elvfsmi| mf qew x sfho|fslho/

Be }iè }fs`hoe lio fbholfomhi mf be fmhlelho x beè|elsf mf 8> qfs|ioe|" fo-

}sf fbbe|" 55 èkh|}semi|/ 51qfs|ioe| | }e`cho vfsio

mf|eqesflhme| mvseo}f besf}iè qis qes}f mfb fgslh}ilibi`cheoi/]ièmi mf7 n}}q7))sfmellhio/be`vbe/qf)3155)55)16)

fb-gff-è~hì-mf-be|-esl-ebio|i-

leoi-fo-hèkfof|)seefbqiol



20/76

Y31

Oi oi| teì| e uvfmes mf csewi| lsvwemi| `hseomi liì oi|

è}eo x mf|}svxfo ovf|}si| }fssh}ishi|" li`vohmemf|" qbeof| mf thme

x ovf|}si qsilf|i iskeohwe}hti/ Qis f|}i" fosehwemi| fo be qebecse" be

sewo" fb sf|qf}i x be mhkohmem" hohlheì| e le`hoes fo ksvqi| ne|}e

miomf f|}o e}sholnfsemi| bi| ksvqi| x fgslh}i| esèmi|" qese mflhs-

bf| dsfo}f e dsfo}f uvf" fo fb èsli mf be ev}ioiè uvf oi| e|h|}f"

bf| f~hkhì| uvf |f texeo" uvfoibi|uvfsfì|" uvfoi|leo|eì|mfbe`vfs}f" uvff|}ofuvhtilemi|" uvfoi|mfgfoththsfoqew/.ELHO7 Les}e

e bi| ksvqi| esèmi|" 8 mf gvbhi mf 3153(

E f|f sflbeì fb kichfsoi ne sf|qiomhmi mf|mf fb kichfsoi `h|ì" f| mflhs" mf|mf |v qsiqhe f hoeb}fsecbf bkhle" mf|mf be| ho|}h}vlhiof| f|}ecbflhme|"liì bi nelf Lsfio}f fo be }sekfmhe kshfke/ Ne elv|emi eb ìth`hfo}i mff|}es hodb}semi qis be| Desl" liì xe bi ne nflni lio|vf}vmhoeshe`fo}f/Uv cv|le lio f|i9 \ho mvme" mf|qiges eb ìth`hfo}i mf lvebuvhfs vome`fo}i }hli" `hoh`hwes" holbv|i fbh`hoes |v lio}fohmi se}fsoi x nvèoi"holvbqomibi mf ebhes|f lio fb }fssish|ì/ Be| mflbeselhiof| mfb @hoh|}si mf

Mffo|e |io lio}vomfo}f|7

F|e| iskeohwelhiof| }fssish|}e| neo iq}emi qis }se}es mf ìthbh-

wes|f nelhe fb ìth`hfo}i mf è|e| x neo eqesflhmi }iè| liì be

}eb @eslne Qe}sh}hle" uvf xi | qvfmi mflhsbi lio lbeshmem" uvf oemhf

|f fuvhtiuvf uvf f|} oeolhemi fo cvfoe `fmhme qis be kvfsshbbe

mf be| Desl/ F|}o }se}eomi mf nelfs v}hbhwelho" qfof}selho" |h uvf

uvhfsf fo lvebuvhfs ìth`hfo}i mf qsi}f|}e |ilheb qese ho}fksesbi| e

|v el}hthmem/

Nix liì exfs" fb kicfsoeo}f sflvssf e be dkvse mf fof`hki| mfb qe|qese gv|}hdles |v| ellhiof| x mf|bfkh}hès e bi| lhvmemeoi| uvf |f iqiofo e|v| `fmhme| mf kvfsse/ Fo |v th|ho cbhle oi qvfmf necfs |fo}h`hfo}i| |hoiqis be qe}she: lvebuvhfs i}si |fo}h`hfo}i sf|vb}e |vctfs|hti" liì |vctfs|htifse fb eìs mf Eo}kioe qis |v nfsèoi/ Liì Lsfio}f fo |v lfkvfse" oisflioilf |hoi fb eìs qis be qe}she: oh voe |ibe qebecse mf efl}i qese bi|lhvmemeoi|/ Oh voe liomibfolhe qese be| tl}hè| homkfoe| uvf |vsfo bethibfolhe" qfsi" f|i |" vo f~nhchlhioh|ì eseomvbfsi qis be sf|h|}folhe mf vo|ibmemi uvf bbise eb |fs f~qvb|emi mfb }fssh}ishi eolf|}seb/ Fo be qsfo|e" oh vo

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


21/76


|ibi }h}vbes uvf m lvfo}e mfb e|f|hoe}i mf lhvmemeoi| homkfoe| e èoi| mfbe| vfswe| `hbh}esf|/

X be| Desl9 Qvf| f|}f qvfcbi ne }fohmi be mf|kselhe mf oi }fofs voi" |hoimi| Lsfio}f| x" qfis eo" fosfo}emi| fo}sf |/ Bi| lièomeo}f| sfcfbmf| |f`vf|}seo hkveb`fo}f ho|fo|hcbf| eb mibis nvèoi: gv|}hdleo |v| e}euvf| ebe qicbelho lhthb lio fb eskv`fo}i mf uvf ebkvoi| homkfoe| |io l`qbhlf|mf bi| `hbh}esf|/

fo voe fssofe x fokei|e ho}fsqsf}elho mf be Ev}ioiè"lhfs}i| mhshkfo}f| thfofo |f`cseomi imhi| fo bi| li`vofsi| x qsi-

`vftfo fo be| e|e`cbfe| fb f|qsh}v liodsio}elhioeb" oi |ibi lio}se

be qsf|folhe kvfsshbbfse" |hoi }e`cho lio}se bi| qsiqhi| nfsèoi|

homkfoe| uvf |f ebfgeo mf |v| qib}hle| qsilbhtf| eb F|}emi/ Fo f|e

mhsfllho qsi`vftfo ellhiof| ni|}hbf| uvf }fs`hoeo nelhfomi mf be|

kvesmhe| homkfoe| voe `fse f~}fo|ho mf bi| lvfsqi| qibhleli| mfb

F|}ecbflh`hfo}i/ .@fo|egf mfb Lièomi Liogvo}i mf Illhmfo}f mf

be| Desl e bi| homkfoe| mfb Levle" èswi mf 3153/(

Evouvf nelf ebkvoi| ei|" qis be qsf|ho mf bi| qvfcbi| homkfoe|

mfb Levle" |f li`qsi`f}hfsio e oi e}eles e be qicbelho lhthb" be|

Desl }fs`hoesio qis oi lv`qbhs |v qsi`f|e x lio}hovesio sflbv}eomi

le`qf|hoi| f homkfoe| fo lio}se mf be tibvo}em mf voe li`vohmem

mflhmhme e thths fo qew/ Fo |v bbeè`hfo}i" be iskeohwelho mf f|}i|

b}hì| nece mflbesemi7

F| qi|hcbf uvf v|}fmf| }fokeo mf|mf nelf }hf`qi be fodfs`f-

mem mfb `hbh}esh|ì x mf be thibfolhe |ho lio}fohmi x oi |f nexeo memi

lvfo}e/ F|e fodfs`fmem f| be uvf nelf uvf fb \flsf}eshemi mhke uvf

teo e sf|qf}es be ev}ioiè" x |ho f`ceski |v| èomi| `fmhi|" |v|

li`ce}hfo}f| x `hbhlheoi| nekeo i}se li|e/ F| uvf e be kfo}f uvf bbfte

}eo}i }hf`qi fo be kvfsse bf qesflf oisèb uvf |h ebkvhfo |f sice voe

kebbhoe" i liotfs|e `vx mvsi" i necbe lio vo dvolhioeshi mfb kichfsoi"

i |h |f mvfs`f fo be kvesmhe" i qhfo|e lio}seshi eb uvf èome fo fb

qvfcbi" nex uvf dv|hbesbi qis ismfo mf vo lièomeo}f" |ho mfsflni e

mfdfomfs|f x |ho qimfs |ecfs mf uv bi elv|eo/ .E|ilhelho mf Le-

chbmi| Homkfoe| mfb Ois}f mfb Levle .ELHO(" les}e eb lièomeo}f

]hìlnfoji(/



22/76

Y33

E`ce| }sekfmhe| be mf exfs fo ]fce| x be mf nix fo Libi`che mfgeo

lbesi uvf be qsfilvqelho mf be qib}hle |io be| ho|}h}vlhiof|" `hfo}se| uvfbe mf be }hle |io be| qfs|ioe|/ Be| ho|}h}vlhiof| keseo}hweo" fo vo |fo}hmi" belio}hovhmem mf be| liouvh|}e| libfl}hte| ebleoweme|: |ho mvme" fb F|}emi sfqsf|fo}e be| e|qhselhiof| mf vo qvfcbi fo vo ì`fo}i memi" qfsi }e`cho"liì }ime| be| lsfelhiof| nvèoe|" qvfmf foegfoes|f" mf lsfemi qvfmfliotfs}hs|f fo lsfemis/ Bi| |fsf| nvèoi| qimfì| bbfkes e |fs qi|fmi| qisovf|}se| lsfelhiof| uvf |f emvfeo mf oi|i}si| lveomi lsffì| mh|qiofsmf fbbe|/ Qis i}si bemi" |io be| qfs|ioe| be| uvf |vsfo qis be kvfsse" be| uvfqekeo lio |v thme vo liohl}i uvf nelf `vlni }hf`qi oi sfqsf|fo}e |v|

ho}fsf|f|: |io be| e`hbhe| be| uvf |f mf|ho}fkseo" be| uvf qhfsmfo be iqis}vohmem mf lio|}svhs shuvfwe: |io bi| gtfof| uvhfof| |f uvfmeo |ho iqlhiof|mf v}vsi/

]eo}i be| ho|}h}vlhiof| liì be| sfhthomhlelhiof| mf be| qfs|ioe| |f qvfmfo qfstfs}hs x }fs`hoes chfo fo vo ev}ish}esh|ì lsflhfo}f" chfo fo vo}fssish|ì mf|qhememi/ \f qfsthfs}f fb F|}emi lveomi sf|kvesme bi| ho}fsf|f| mf voi| lveo}i| cegi be `|lese mf oisè| lio|}h}vlhioebf|" lveomi"fo oi`csf mf be qe}she" fgfslf fb }fssish|ì lio}se bi| lhvmemeoi|" lveomiho}fslfq}e be| li`vohlelhiof| mf qfshimh|}e|" gvflf|" bmfsf| |ilhebf| x kfo}fmfb liò: lveomi hkoise bi| mfsflni| nvèoi|" lveomi" fo |vè" qhfsmffb |fo}hmi mf nvèohmem/ \f qfsthfs}fo be| sfhothomhlelhiof| |ilhebf| f homhthmvebf| lveomi be| ellhiof| mf sf|h|}folhe licseo be isè mf }fssish|ì"lveomi be| iskeohwelhiof| mf bvlne lio}se fb evish}esh|ì qhfsmfo be |fo|hchbhmem x lveomi mfge mf |fs fb eìs |v qsholhqeb ì}htelho/

Be homfqfomfolhe qib}hle mf bi| homkfoe| f| holìme }eo}i qese beho|}h}vlhioebhmem esème liì qese be kvfsshbbe" gv|}e`fo}f qisuvf nelffthmfo}f| be| lesfolhe| mf be qib}hle" qisuvf mf|ee fb ismfo uvf voe x

i}se cv|leo lio|fstes/ Be qib}hle }semhlhioeb fo be lveb nex uvf holbvhsbe qib}hle mf be| Desl x bi| mf`| ksvqi| kvfsshbbfsi| oi }hfof hmfe|/ Fb

Libvòe mf ho|vskfo}f| mf be| DESL mvseo}f be lio|}h}vlho mf be Liismhoemise Kvfsshbbfse \hòCibtes/ Hèkfo7 n}}q7)){{{/ecqoi}hlhe|/li )cibf}hoY}f`qiseb)hèkf|)lio}fohmi)cfbhkfseolheYle|eYtfsmfk/gqk

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


23/76


qfo|e`hfo}i qib}hli el}veb fo Libi`che x f|}i f| tbhmi qese bi| mi| ceomi| te e sfìbuvf mfb qfo|e`hfo}i flio`hli x mfb qfo|e`hfo}i `hbh}es/Qfsi" |icsf }imi" be qib}hle fo Libi`che ne cv|lemi vome`fo}i fo beìseb uvf" liì bi mhlf |v f}hìbike" f| li|}v`csf" f| qsf}fomfs lfhs|f etebisf| uvf |f qsf}fomfo vohtfs|ebf| f hoìmhdlecbf|/ Qfis eo" ne sflvsshmie voe ìsebhoe uvf" liì mhlf @isho .3114(" gvwke x liomfoe fo ths}vmmf lsh}fshi| f~}fshisf| i |vqfsdlhebf| mf ìsebhmem" be ìsebhoe |f eqsiqhemfb Chfo x }seo|isè fo iqi|hlho fo}sf chfo x èb bi uvf fo sfebhmem f| vo

liohl}i mf tebisf|/ Be ìsebhoe nelf uvf |f gvwkvf e bi| emtfs|eshi| liìqfs|ioe| v iskeohwelhiof| homhkoe| mf |fs f|lvlneme|/

Oi f| `vx qsicecbf uvf be mflh|ho mf cv|les be qew lio bi| ksvqi|esèmi| uvf ne }ièmi fb el}veb kichfsoi }foke vo vome`fo}i }hli/Qis bi `foi|" |}f oi |f folvfo}se fo be| mflbeselhiof| uvf liodsèsiobi| elfsle`hfo}i| lio be| Desl/ Qshè vo bfokvegf uvf kvesme mh|}eolhe|meomi e fo}fomfs uvf |f nes fb ho}fo}i" qfsi uvf |h oi sf|vb}e fb qe| oiqfsmfs oeme" lveomi bi lhfs}i f| uvf qfsmfs }imi |h sfqsimvlf bi| b}hì|lholvfo}e ei|/ F| `|" fb `hoh|}si mf Mffo|e |i|}hfof uvf fb qsf|vqvf|}i

qese be kvfsse mfcf lio|fstes|f e| |}e bbfkvf e |v do/ Qis enise" oi nexfthmfolhe| mf vo qfo|e`hfo}i qib}hli uvf sfhthomhuvf be| |ibhmeshmemf|" uvfsfnvèohlf be| lhvmemf| x uvf sfth}ebhlf fb `vomi svseb/

Qis f|i" f| enise lveomi be }hle }hfof }imi qese mflhs/ F| euv miomfbi| lhvmemeoi| qvfmfo mi}es fb qsilf|i mf qew mf |ibhmeshmemf| liolsf}e| xththme|" mf qfs|ioe e qfs|ioe x fo}sf ksvqi| x qfs|ioe|/ F| be iqis}vohmemmf sflvqfses be| vfo}f| c|hle| mf be }hle: be homhthmveb" be |ilheb x be mfbe f|qflhf" sfqsf|fo}eme fo be nh|}ishe x be lvb}vse/ Be se}fsohmem" fb eìs"fb |fo}hmi mf nvèohmem }fomso uvf }iès|f be| lebbf| x be| ho|}h}vlhiof|qis e|eb}i/ F| homh|qfo|ecbf uvf oi|i}si|" bi| lhvmemeoi|" mi}fì| mf volio}fohmi }hli e voe eqvf|}e qib}hle/ F| `|" f| be nise mf uvf be }hlelièomf e be qib}hle/

Sfdfsfolhe|@isho" F/ .3114(/ Fb`}imi/ }hle/ @emshm7 L}Fmse/



24/76

Y3=

Flioi`h|}e@ek|}fs fo

F|}vmhi| Qib}hli|Milfo}f vohtfs|h}eshe

\eomseLesibhoe Cev}h|}e

Fb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i mf voe `f|e mf mhbiki|fo}sf be ho|vskfolhe mf be| Dvfswe| Esème|Sftibvlhioeshe| mf Libi`che x fb kichfsoi mf Gveo@eovfb \eo}i| |f ne liotfs}hmi fo fb qvo}i lfo}sebmf be mh|lv|ho qib}hle/ Fo}sf }eo mhtfs|e| qi|}vse|"|vskf lio vfswe be qsfkvo}e qis lvbf| |io be| mhf

sfolhe| |v|}eolhebf| fo}sf f|}f x i}si| ho}fo}i| fo bec|uvfme mhebikeme mf be qew/ Ne|}e fb ì`fo}i" be|sf|qvf|}e| neo i|lhbemi fo}isoi e be leqelhmem `hbh}esmf be| iskeohwelhiof| fo lio}hfome fo be liosio}elhoesème" fb lesl}fs x thechbhmem mf be ho|}h}vlhioebhmemuvf ne tfohmi lsfeomi fb kichfsoi mf \eo}i| mf lese ebi| mhbiki| i be tebiselho |icsf fb ì`fo}i flio`hli fo fb qe|/

Vo fbf`fo}i vome`fo}eb oi ne |hmi holisqisemi|vdlhfo}f`fo}f fo be mh|lv|ho" |hfomi lesmhoeb qesevchles qes}hlvbeshmemf| mf f|}f ovfti ì`fo}i mfmhbiki| mf qew" e |ecfs" be mho`hle mf bvlne |ilheb xqiqvbes" uvf me vo leshw mh|}ho}i e be| liotfs|elhiof|mf qew e mf|essibbes|f fo Be Neceoe x fo I|bi/ Oi f|f|}f vo e|qfl}i mf `fsi lio}f~}i" |hoi uvf qis fb lio}seshi qvfmf gvkes vo qeqfb mf}fs`hoeo}f fo fb hohlhi xmf|essibbi mf bi| mhbiki|" }eb x liì ne ilvsshmi lio

teshe| f~qfshfolhe| fo Ovf|}se E`shle Be}hoe/

Bvlne |ilheb x qiqvbesfo bi| mhbiki| mf qew

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


25/76


5/ Fb ì`fo}i mf bvlne qiqvbes

Be mho`hle mf bvlne |ilheb x qiqvbes fo fb qe| f| vo fbf`fo}i uvf èslee`qbhe| mhfsfolhe| lio fb qsilf|i mf mhbiki mfb Lekvo" sfebhwemi fo}sf 5888 x3113/ @hfo}se| uvf e doebf| mf bi| oitfo}e be liolbv|ho kfofsebhweme |icsf bi|ìth`hfo}i| |ilhebf| fse be ekvme lsh|h| qis be uvf e}setf|eceo" fo bi| ebcisf| mfbe mleme mfb mhfw mfb |hkbi ^^H |f nelf fthmfo}f vo qsilf|i mf sfli`qi|hlho

x is}ebflh`hfo}i mf be bvlne |ilheb" uvf" evouvf oi f| niìkofi" |h qfs`h}fmh|lv}hs be }se|lfomfolhe uvf qvfmf }fofs fo voe mho`hle mf mhbiki| qis be qewlio gv|}hlhe |ilheb/

\fko @evshlhi Eslnhbe5" eb hohlhes fb |hkbi ^^H bi| el}isf| libfl}hti| |f lesel}fshweceo qis vo qsfleshi qeqfb fo }seo|isèlhiof| mf iomi" vo eb}i ksemi mfmh|qfs|ho fo be| bvlne|" lio qshèle mf be| mfèome| qes}hlvbesf|" iskeohwelhiof|qili sfqsf|fo}e}hte|" lio f|le|i| `fleoh|ì| mf liismhoelho x uvf" e bi |vì"qes}hlhqeceo fo liotfskfolhe| }f`qisebf| mf}fs`hoeme| qis el}isf| qib}hli| xflio`hli| f~}fsoi|" mfgeomi liì kseo sf|vb}emi be hof~h|}folhe mf ìth`hfo}i||ilhebf| vfs}f|/

Mhfw ei| mf|qv|" ebkvoi| mf f|}i| qsicbfè| qfs|h|}fo" qfsi teshi| fbf`fo}i|fthmfolheo voe mho`hle mf le`chi" sflioilhfomi }e`cho uvf |f }se}e mf voqsilf|i bfo}i" mf|hkveb x eo fo lvs|i/ Mf|mf bi lveo}h}e}hti x |fko me}i| mfbLfo}si mf Hotf|}hkelho x Fmvlelho Qiqvbes LHOFQ" fb o`fsi mf ellhiof|mf qsi}f|}e |f ne holsf`fo}emi bi beski mf bi| b}hì| uvholf ei|" qe|eomi mf`foi| mf uvhohfo}e| fo 588> e qili `| mf ilnilhfo}e| fo 3151" lio mi| qhli|

5 @evshlhi Eslnhbe/ Libi`che fo fb le`chi mf |hkbi7 el}isf| |ilhebf|" kvfsse xqib}hle/ Fo7 Sfth|}e Ovfte \ilhfmem" Oi/ 5>3

Gehsi Lebti .Fsof|}i Sige|(" Gino Ekvmfbi Si|" I|les [hbbhe` Lebti x Cfsoesmi Kv}hssfw" mvseo}f be

sè mf bi| elvfsmi| mf lf|f eb vfki fo}sf fb Kichfsoi Oelhioeb x fb FQB" 3= mf eki|}i mf 58>=/Hèkfo mf7 n}}q7))i|les{hbbhe`lebti/cbik|qi}/li`)311=)18)bi|-ni`csf|-mf-qew-x-mf-kvfsse/n} b

Lio}fohmi


26/76

Y34

h`qis}eo}f| fo 5888 x 311;" f|}f b}hì lio fb èxis o`fsi mf ftfo}i|/\h chfo oi |f lvfo}e eo lio fb me}i qese 3155" f| fthmfo}f uvf lio}hoe fbe|lfo|i" ic|fstecbf fo be mho`hle mfb ìth`hfo}i f|}vmheo}hb" be| bvlne|qis fb }fssh}ishi qsi}ekiohweme| qis homkfoe| x le`qf|hoi|" qis }seo|qis}fqcbhli mhkoi fo ebkvoe| mf be| qsholhqebf| lhvmemf|" i qis liomhlhiof| mf}secegi folecfweme| qis }secegemisf| mfb |fl}is `hofsi fofsk}hli/

@| ebb mf bi lveo}h}e}hti" i}si| fbf`fo}i| mf ismfo iskohli" qsikse`}hli x sfbe}hti| e bi| sfqfs}ishi| mf liosio}elho" mfgeo lbesi uvf ebkvoi|

mf bi| ìth`hfo}i| |ilhebf| libi`cheoi| |f folvfo}seo fo qsilf|i mf is}ebflh`hfo}i/ Bi qsh`fsi }hfof uvf tfs lio be lvebhdlelho fo be leqelhmem mfìthbhwelho x liosio}elho" ic|fstecbf qis fb |i|}foh`hfo}i mf be| ellhiof| libfl}hte| e bi beski mfb }hf`qi" lio le|i| sfkhioebf|" liì be bvlne mfbi| }secegemisf| mfb |fl}is `hofsi fofsk}hli i be| }iè| e fo}hmemf| e ohtfbbileb/ Liì |fkvomi fbf`fo}i" fb |i|}foh`hfo}i mf }ebf| ellhiof| qfs`h}ffb is}ebflh`hfo}i mf be vohmem mf ellho x be lio|}svllho qsikse`}hle"}eb x liì ne ilvsshmi lio teshi| |fl}isf| mfb ìth`hfo}i le`qf|hoi fhomkfoe uvf neo eteowemi fo fbeciselhiof| liì be| Wioe| mf Sf|fste

Le`qf|hoe i fo be liolfq}vebhwelho mfb }fssh}ishi x bi }fssh}isheb/Voe }fslfse lio|hmfselho f|} fo be lio|}svllho mf sffsfo}f| voh}e

shi| e qes}hs mf qsilf|i| sfkhioebf| x mf ce|f"}eo}i |fl}isheb" liì be @f|e E`qbhe OelhioebF|}vmheo}hb" @EOF" fo fb ìth`hfo}i f|}vmheo}hb vohtfs|h}eshi" liì fo liotfskfolhe| mfiskeohwelhiof| |ilhebf| x qiqvbesf| fo }isoi eqsixfl}i| qib}hli| libfl}hti|" liì fb Lioksf|i mf bi| Qvfcbi| i be @eslne Qe}sh}hle/ Qes}hlvbes`fo}f f|}i| mi| b}hì| qsilf|i| sfecsfofb mfce}f |icsf be sfbelho fo}sf bi qib}hli x bi|ilheb fo bi| ith`hfo}i| |ilhebf| fo Libi`che"fo }eo}i qsiqiofo be lio|}svllho mfb qimfsqib}hli liì vo qsilf|i uvf" |h chfo liotfskfnelhe bi f|}e}eb" |f |v|}fo}e fo be sfhthomhlelho|ilheb x fo be leqelhmem mf be| iskeohwelhiof|x li`vohmemf| qese }iès mflh|hiof|" mh|}eo

lhomi|f e| mf be| liolfqlhiof| uvf sf|}shokfobi qib}hli e bi ho|}h}vlhioeb isèb/

Vo fbf`fo}i vome`fo}eb oi ne|hmi holisqisemi |vlhfo}f`fo}f

fo be mh|lv|ho" |hfomi lesmhoebqese vchles qes}hlvbeshmemf| mf f|}f

ovfti ì`fo}i mf mhbiki| mfqew" e |ecfs" be mho`hle mf bvlne

|ilheb x qiqvbes" uvf me vo leshwmh|}ho}i e be| liotfs|elhiof| mf

qew e mf|essibbes|f fo Be Neceoex fo I|bi/ Oi f| f|}f vo e|qfl}imf `fsi lio}f~}i" |hoi uvf qis

fb lio}seshi qvfmf gvkes vo qeqfbmf}fs`hoeo}f fo fb hohlhi x mf|e-ssibbi mf bi| mhbiki|" }eb x liì

ne ilvsshmi lio teshe| f~qfshfolhe|fo Ovf|}se E`shle Be}hoe/

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


27/76


Fb ìth`hfo}i f|}vmheo}hb vohtfs|h}eshi f| fb le|i `| sfqsf|fo}e}htifo be sfli`qi|hlho mf bi| ìth`hfo}i| |ilhebf|/ Mf|mf 3116 qsiqv|i vosfqfs}ishi mf ellho libfl}hte lio vo lbesi qsi}ekioh|ì mfb qesi mf el}hthmemf| elem`hle|" x e qes}hs mf voe ce|f iskeohwe}hte" sflio|}svhme mf|mfdoebf| mf bi| oitfo}e" bikse qe|es mf ellhiof| bilebf| |i|}fohme| e voe vfs}fes}hlvbelho x liismhoelho e }set| mf be @EOF" lio be mfdohlho mf voqsikseè òhì e|v`hmi e ohtfb oelhioeb uvf qfs`h}f mf|essibbes fb f`cbf`}hli qesi mf 3155" lvxe mvselho x lio}vomfolhe |hkohdl vo qvo}i

mf hof~ho fo be lio|}svllho mf f|}f el}is libfl}hti/

3/ Qew lio gv|}hlhe |ilheb fo be ekfome |ilheb x qiqvbesBi| eoebh|}e| mf ith`hfo}i| |ilhebf| neo lsfemi be le}fkise ìth`hfo

}i qis be qew" lio|}h}vhmi qis vo liogvo}i mf ellhiof| libfl}hte| ì}hteme|fo be c|uvfme mf be qew" be mffo|e mf be thme x fb sflnewi e be thibfolhe"le}ebikomibe| e |v tfw liì be| `| h`qis}eo}f| mf bi| ei| oitfo}e foLibi`che3/ \hfomi fthmfo}f be e`qbhe ìthbhwelho |ilheb fo }isoi e f|}i|}fè|" tebf be qfoe ecshs fb mfce}f |icsf fb |hkohdlemi mf be qew liì vo

le`qi fo mh|qv}e" qvf| be| f~qsf|hiof| e etis mf be qew x fo lio}se mfbliohl}i" bfgi| mf lio|}h}vhs voe mho`hle niìkofe" |io f~qsf|hiof| mfbe| mhtfs|e| isè| mf fo}fomfs be mho`hle mf thibfolhe fo fb qe|/

Be| iskeohwelhiof| |ilhebf| x qiqvbesf| lio|}h}vxfo fb |vgf}i libfl}hti `| qfs|h|}fo}f fo be bvlne qis be qew" }eo}i mf|mf bi |fl}isheb liìbi sfkhioeb/ F|}i sf|vb}e bkhli eb ic|fstes le|i| mf sflsvmflh`hfo}i mf beliosio}elho esème" liì Eo}hiuve" @ekmebfoe @fmhi" Levle" Esevlei Lnil/ Qfsi" voe `hseme e be| sfhthomhlelhiof| qbeo}feme| qfs`h}f vchlesuvf be c|uvfme mf be qew oi f| vo qvo}i `| fo be ekfome" qsiqvf|}i mfèofse qesebfbe eb liogvo}i mf f~hkfolhe|/ F|" qis fb lio}seshi" vo fbf`fo}iiskohli fo be lio|}svllho sfhthomhle}hte" es}hlvbemis mf bi| mhfsfo}f| e|qfl}i| lio}fohmi| fo qsiqvf|}e| qsikse`}hle|" }seo|tfs|eb e be| `h|è| xuvf me lvfo}e mf be li`qsfo|ho mf be liosio}elho esème liì qes}f mfbmf|essibbi mf |fomi| liohl}i| flio`hli|" |ilhebf|" qib}hli|" e`chfo}ebf|x lvb}vsebf| fo fb qe|/

3 @evshlhi Kesle .3114( Qew fo fb }fssh}ishi7 mho`hle mf f~qeo|ho

kfiksle mfb ellhioes libfl}hti qis be qew fo Libi`che 58;>-311


28/76

Bfioesmi Qi|eme Sfqsf|fo}eo}fe be Lèse qis be VQ" e|f|hoemifo Cesseolecfs`fge fb 4/ Hèkfomf7 n}}q7)){{{/|fèoe/li`)

qni}i|)&6L56>3&6LH`kEs}hlvbiY

]5Y55;4;3=Y35315>/

gqkqni}i|)&6L56>3&6LH`kEs}hlvbiY]5Y55;4;3=Y35315>/gqk

Y3>

Fovolheomi ebkvoi| fgf`qbi| folio}seì| uvffb @eome}i Ekseshi" milv`fo}i qsikse`}hli sf|vb}emi mfb Lioksf|i Ekseshi mf 311


29/76


eb}fsoe}hte mf }hfsse| i be bfx eb}fsoe}hte mf fmvlelho |vqfshis uvf |f folvfo}se folio|}svllho/

@fmheo}f fb fgfslhlhi sfhthomhle}hti" be kfofselho mf qsiqvf|}e x be ithbhwelho"be| iskeohwelhiof| |ilhebf| x qiqvbesf| qvfmfo nix fo}ses lio vfswe fo vo qsilf|imf mhbiki qis be qew" qiohfomi fo gvfki be| bfl}vse| lio|}svhme| x ebh`fo}eomibe ekfome mf mh|lv|ho xe f|}ecbflhme qese fb f|lfoeshi mf I|bi/ Oi qvfmf |fs f|}evo f|qelhi lfssemi" lveomi bi| }fè| e }se}es |io mf ho}fs| oelhioeb" qis bi uvffb biksi mf f|}e eqfs}vse |f lio|}h}vxf fo be qsh`fse }esfe mfb ìth`hfo}i |ilheb/

; |vskf fb Li`h} Qfsèofo}fqese fb Mfce}f Oelhioeb qis be Qew" LQMO" e`qbhi f|qelhi uvf kfofs be ekfome|ilheb qese bi| mhbiki| mf qew" nelhfomi oe|h| fo be| lev|e| |ilhebf|" flio`hle|x qib}hle| mf be liosio}elho esème" qfsi uvf oi }vti qes}hlhqelho fo be `f|emf mhbiki|/ ]eb ev|folhe kfofs be kseo mfvme |ilheb x flio`hle uvf nix }imeteqemflf Fb \ebtemis" kselhe| e be h`qi|hlho mfb ofibhcfsebh|ì/ Fb ffl}hti biksi mfèxisf| keseo}e| qib}hle| vf f|}seokvbemi qis be sfksf|hte ekfome flio`hle mfbqi|liohl}i" nflni mfshtemi mf be oi holisqiselho mf be| qsiqvf|}e| mfb ìth`hfo}i |ilheb x qiqvbes/

]eb mho`hle mf f~lbv|ho |ilheb lsflhfo}f fo Fb \ebtemis" liotfs}hme nix foci`ce mf }hf`qi" mfge liì ìsebfge be }se|lfomfolhe mf be qes}hlhqelho |ilheb x

qiqvbes fo bi| mhbiki| mf qew" }ime tfw uvf be ekfome lio|}svhme mf|mf f|}e ishbbef| be ce|f hssf`qbewecbf mf be qew mvsemfse" be qew lio gv|}hlhe |ilheb/



30/76

Y6" |icsf fb }se|iomimf be| svhoe| eo nv`feo}f| mfb Qebelhi mfGv|}hlhe holfomhemi 51 me| eo}f| mvseo}f be sf}ièmfb h|ì qis qes}f mf be Dvfswe| Esème| libi`cheoe|" be Voho Qe}sh}hle lbev|vs |v qsh`fs lioksf|ioelhioeb sfebhweomi voe `vb}h}vmhoeshe eohf|}elhofo be Etfohme Ghòfw lio \q}hè/ \f idlhebhwece e|fb oelh`hfo}i mf voe iskeohwelho uvf nece |vskhmiliì sf|vb}emi mf bi| Elvfsmi| mf be Vshcf" dsèmi|fb 3> mf èswi mf 58>=" bi| lvebf| holbveo fb lf|f ebvfki x voe }sfkve fo be liosio}elho fo}sf fb F|}emix be| DESL/

Be sflho vomeme Voho Qe}sh}hle f~qsf|ece beqsivome liothllho mf h`qis}eo}f| |fl}isf| mfìls}hli| mf be |ilhfmem libi`cheoe elfsle mf be oflf

|hmem mf keoes be qew x oi be kvfsse x mf ebleowesvoe sfeb eqfs}vse mfìls}hle" x qsf}fome" e| h|ì"

Geh`f Qesmi Bfeb7Bi| uvf li`ce}hì| qis be

thme" euv f|}esfì| |hf`qsf

E bi| 36 ei| mf |v |elshdlhi

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


31/76

O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Nh|}i she x `fìshe

lio|}h}vhs|f fo voe qbe}eisè mf liotfskfolhe uvf biksese ho}fkses fo vo ìth`hfo}i voh}eshi be| `| mhtfs|e| f~qsf|hiof| iskeohwe}hte| x bvlne| qiqvbesf| uvf"e `fmhemi| mf bi| ei| >1 mfb |hkbi qe|emi" ì|}seceo vo hoofkecbf e|lfo|i x is}ebflh`hfo}i7 ZP fo fb ì`fo}i el}veb f~h|}fo vfswe| |ilhebf| uvf mf}fs`hoeovoe |ebhme mf be kvfsse ho}fs`hoecbf" mfb skh`fo mf thibfolhe uvf xe le|h qis `fmhi|hkbi ewi}e e ovf|}si qe|/ ZP VQ f| be qsiqvf|}e mf eqimfses|f mf f|}e| vfswe|" mfecshsbf| x ebbeoesbf| fb le`hoi" mf qiofsbe| fo èslne/5

@vlni |f ne ho|h|}hmi fo uvf be VQ lio|}h}ve vo qes}hmi ho|}sv`fo}eb" lvxiqsiq|h}i lio|h|}e fo elhbh}es be ho|fslho mf be| DESL e be thme qib}hle oelhioeb/\f`fgeo}f edsèlho f| voe |h`qbhdlelho f~}sfè mfb lesl}fs mf f|}e iskeohwelho/ \v qbe}eisè qsikse`}hle" |v ellho qib}hle x |v tholvbelho lio bi|ìth`hfo}i| x be| bvlne| |ilhebf| mf`vf|}seo }imi bi lio}seshi7 Fb nflni mf uvfbe| DESL ZP nvchfseo nflni be qsiqvf|}e mf be Voho Qe}sh}hle" oi homhle i}seli|e |hoi uvf be qew f| fb le`hoi mf be vohmem qiqvbes fo fb qe|/3

5 Ohlib| Cvfoetfo}vse x i}si|" ]sfkve x Voho Qe}sh}hle" Fmhlhiof| LFH\" Ciki}"

oithf`csf mf 58>6" q/ 31/3 Hcmf`" q/ 44/

Geh`f Qesmi Bfeb liì leomhme}i qsf|hmfolheb qis be VQ qese be| fbfllhiof| mf 58>4/Hèkfo7 n}}q7))svcfo|tfkeo/cbik|qi}/li`)3155)51)geh`f-qesmi-bfeb-58=5-58>;/n}`b

Lio}fohmi


32/76

Y6 x 58>; lexfsio tl}h`e| mf f|}e ellho lsh`hoeb


33/76


e|f|hoe|7 sflismf`i| e I|les [hbbhe` Lebti" mhshkfo}f mfb FQB x `hf`csimf be Li`h|ho mf Qew" uvhfo e |v|


34/76

Y


35/76


x mf be Qibhle fo fb kfoilhmhi uvf |f qsel}hlece lio}se |v qes}hmi x fb ìth`hfo}iqiqvbes libi`cheoi/ \io `b}hqbf| be| mfovolhe| fo be| uvf lio oi`csf qsiqhi xbvgi mf mf}ebbf| qioe eb mf|lvchfs}i }eb li`qbhlhmem/ \v tiw oi lf|ece mf oi`csese bi| sf|qio|ecbf|" qfsi fb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i oi f|}ece ho}fsf|emi fo be tfsmem/ Fseqsffshcbf elebbesbi% X fbbi vf bi uvf |vlfmh/ \v nhgi" Dfsoeomi Qesmi Dbisf|" biedsè lio fois`f lio}vomfolhe7 Qis fb }fìs uvf `h qeq sfqsf|fo}ece qese fbf|}ecbflh`hfo}i oelhioeb x qese be| lbe|f| mhshkfo}f|" qis be leqelhmem uvf }foe mfmfovolhes e bi| lsh`hoebf|" qis |v| mf|fi| mf le`chi x qis |v tibvo}em mf |ies liovo qe| fo qew; Qis f|i bi è}esio%

\v bfkemiOvfte`fo}f" mf|qv| mf teshi| ho}fo}i| ebbhmi|" fb qe| necbe mf qew/ Ovfte

`fo}f" fb ìth`hfo}i qiqvbes |f qiof e be lecfwe mf |v c|uvfme/ \f ne lsfemivo f|lfoeshi uvf ne nflni qi|hcbf| bi| elfsle`hfo}i| x fb hohlhi mf vo qsilf|i/Be lbe|f mi`hoeo}f |f eqsf|vse e eqsiqhes|f mf |v mf|essibbi/ Fb qsf|hmfo}f \eo}i|lveo}hdle fb iq}h`h|ì x e|v`f be sf|qio|echbhmem sfo}f e be mvselho mfb `h|ì/

; Ekfolhe Qsfo|e Svseb" 55 mf il}vcsf mf 3151" .n}}q7))qsfo|esvseb/isk)|qhq)|qhq/qnq9es}hlbf=;55(

Geh`f Qesmi Bfeb" f|qi|e f nhgi|/Hèkfo7 Milv`fo}eb FB Cehbf Sigi/ n}}q7)){{{/xiv}vcf/li`){e}ln9t0UTB6=DlWu6F

Lio}fohmi
http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?auteur1http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?auteur1


36/76

Y


37/76


]i`emi mf7 n}}q7)){{{/elfciij/li`)qekf|)Geh`f-Qesmi-Bfeb)

Lio}fohmi


38/76

Y

@mhle@ek|}fs fo

\ebvm QcbhleLeomhme}e e Qn/M/

fo \ebvm QcbhleVohtfs|hmem Oelhioeb

mf Libi`che

EmsheoeEsmhbe \hfsse

Be f~qbhlelho mf be lsh|h| mfb |h|}fè mf |ebvmlibi`cheoi liolfo}seme fo bi doeolhfsi f|

|bi voe qi|hchbhmem ho}fsqsf}e}hte mfo}si mf i}se| fof|lfoe uvf" mf|mf voe qfs|qfl}hte ls}hle" mfcfseoli`qsfomfs|f liì qes}f| mf vo |bi fo`foi7 voelsh|h| f|}svl}vseb .5(/ \ho f`ceski" e| liì fb qfo|e`hfo}i x be qse~h| ofibhcfsebf| qfs`feo be| |vcgf}hthmemf| x bi| f|qelhi| `| li}hmheoi| .3(" fo |ebvm |f f|}nelhfomi lfo}seb be hmfe mf uvf bi| e|vo}i| doeolhfsi||io fb }fè e sf|ibtfs/

Fo be| mi| b}hè| mleme|" cegi fb |vqvf|}i mf uvfbe |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi| f|} liomhlhioeme e be |ebvmdoeolhfse mf bi| |h|}fè| mf |ebvm" nfì| th|}i libiohwes fb lioilh`hfo}i fo |ebvm qis |ecfsf| flio`hli|x em`hoh|}se}hti| mf lis}f ofibhcfseb/ |}i| neo hmikhseomi ovf|}se| csgvbe| nelhe fb ois}f mf be |ebvmdoeolhfse" liì |h eb iq}h`hwes fb `fslemi fb ffl}i

oe}vseb vf|f fb `fgise`hfo}i mf be |ebvm x fb chfof|}esmf bi| qvfcbi|/ Ds`vbe| `khle| uvf |f |vèo e be

Be `h}ibike mf be

libiohwelho ofibhcfseb mfbe |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi|

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi

Ofibhcfsebh|ì se`qeo}f


39/76


`h}ibike uvf f`fskh lveomi fb ofibhcfsebh|ì libiohw be |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi|x mf be| lvebf| |f f|} nelhfomi v|i ho}fo|hti qis f|}i| me| fo uvf bi| mfce}f| fo}isoi e be qfsmvsechbhmem i }seo|isèlho f|}svl}vseb mfb |h|}fè mf |ebvm libi`cheoi |f folvfo}seo }eo el}hti|/

Fb `h}i mf be |ebvm te |i|}fohchbhmem doeolhfseNex uvf qsfilvqes|f lveomi sfth|}e| mf flioiè x ofkilhi| mf lhslvbelho

oelhioeb fo}seo e sf|ibtfs be| mvme| uvf fb qcbhli qvfme }fofs |icsf be oflf|hmem mf lio}hovhmem i mf mf|ìo}f mf vo |h|}fè mf |ebvm/ X fo f|qflheb nex uvfqsfilvqes|f |h be sf|ibvlho mf be mvme |f |iqis}e fo f|}vmhi| liolfo}semi| fo be|qi|hchbhmemf| mf |i|}fohchbhmem doeolhfse .


40/76

Y=1

lio}sibeomi fb lsflh`hfo}i mf bi| sfk`fof| f|qflhebf|"|vskfo |vgf}i| x qicbelhiof| lio `fgisf| liomhlhiof|mf |ebvm x mf thme/

Eb mfbhofes f|}f le`hoi" ovf|}si| f~qfs}i| ofibhcfsebf| qe|eo qis folhè mfb elv`vbemi }fshli f~qbhle}htix li`qsfo|hti mf bi| qsilf|i| |ebvmfofs`fmem" nelhfomi qibti lvebuvhfs mfce}f mflfo}f |icsf bi| mf}fs`hoeo}f| i be mf}fs`hoelho |ilheb mf be |ebvm/

Qfsi emf`|" be f ofibhcfseb ebleowe qese liotfolfs

|f i liotfolfsoi|9 mf qimfs bikses be |i|}fohchbhmemdoeolhfse mfb `fslemi mf be |ebvm e }set| mf `fmhme|uvf lio}semhlfo bi| `fslemi|7 lio}sib mfb mf|fi mf bvlsimf bi| leqh}ebh|}e| mfb |fl}is e }set| mf b`h}f| ìsebf|x oisè}hti| eb hokfohi nvèoi uvf |f `vftf nelhe bef~}sellho mf sfo}e|/

Uvf fo Libi`che bi| qsilf|i| mf e}folho |f mfoi`hofo lemfoe| qsimvl}hte|" i uvf e bi| |vgf}i| |f bf|uvhfse mfoi`hoes li`qsemisf| fmvlemi|" i uvf uvhfof|

em`hoh|}seo bi| sflvs|i| mfb |fl}is |f mfoi`hofo ellhioh|}e| .=(" oi |io e|vo}i| |fò}hli|: voe tfw ho|}evsemifb bfokvegf mfb `fslemi f`qhfweo e bfkh}hès|f isè|mf èb}se}i liì euvfbbe| fo uvf be| F`qsf|e| Qsiì}ise| mf \ebvm .FQ\( elv|eo e |v| qelhfo}f| mf |fs voimf bi| mi| kseomf| mfsevmemisf| mfb \h|}fè Kfofsebmf \fkvshmem \ilheb fo \ebvm .6(/

Be |fome mfb fslemi liomvlf e be |ebvm mf bi| f~qfs}i| fo `fslemi|: qese eteowes nelhe be |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi| |}e" x oi be |ebvm doeolhfse" ne mf |fs fb ois}f mfbi| |h|}fè| mf |ebvm x mf be| |ilhfmemf| fo |v liogvo}i/

Fb `h}i mf be hofdlhfolhe mf bi qcbhliFb mf|fi mf qshte}hwelho mf be hosef|}svl}vse mf

e}folho fo |ebvm |f |v|}fo}e fo vo qsfgvhlhi }qhle`fo}fofibhcfseb7 uvf bi qcbhli f| honfsfo}f`fo}f hofdlhfo}f:liì |h |f }se}ese mf voe ebmhlho" be| ho|}h}vlhiof| x bi|

volhioeshi| qcbhli| f|}eseo" mf èofse hof~}shlecbf"mf|}hoemi| e |fs hofdlhfo}f|/

Fo be| mi| b}hè| mleme|"cegi fb |vqvf|}i mf uvf be|ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi| f|}

liomhlhioeme e be |ebvmoeolhfse mf bi| |h|}fè|

mf |ebvm" nfì| th|}ilibiohwes fb lioilh`hfo}ifo |ebvm qis |ecfsf| fli-o`hli| x em`hoh|}se}hti|

mf lis}f ofibhcfseb/ |}i|neo hmi khseomi ovf|}se|csgvbe| nelhe fb ois}f mfbe |ebvm oeolhfse" liì

|h eb iq}h`hwes fb `fslemifb ffl}i oe}vseb vf|f fb

`fgise`hfo}i mf be |ebvm xfb chfof|}es mf bi| qvfcbi|/

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


41/76


Oi f| gili|i oh f| |esl|}hli: be lsvweme qshte}hwemise uvf lecebke |icsff|}f qsfgvhlhi ne |fqvb}emi cvfoe qes}f mf be sfm qcbhle mf e}folho `mhle foLibi`che" `hfo}se| fo qesebfbi |f bfteo}e voe sfo}ecbf hosef|}svl}vse qshtemeeh|beme mf be sfebhmem |ilheb" holbv|i fo }s`hoi| esuvh}fl}ohli|/

Be mf|`h}hdlelho mf be hofdlhfolhe honfsfo}f e bi qcbhli f`qhfwe qissflismes uvf |iì| bi| `h|ì| nvèoi| ilvqeomi f|qelhi| qcbhli| x qshtemi|: bi mf`| f| tibvo}em x kf|}ho/

Fb `h}i mf be fuvhmem fo be qicsfweLveomi |f edsè uvf fb |h|}fè mf |ebvm libi`cheoi f~nhcf biksi| fo

fuvhmem |f qiof fo fthmfolhe vo }fslfs qsfgvhlhi7 uvf be hkvebelho qis bicegi e|hkoe vo b`h}f sewioecbf`fo}f gv|}i eb mf|fi nvèoi mf chfof|}es/

Sfwe fb `h}i" qis fgf`qbi" uvf fb qicsf .uvhfo qfs}foflf eb uvho}hb `|cegi mf ke|}i mf bi| nikesf|( ne mf |fo}hs|f |e}h|flni fo }s`hoi| mf fuvhmem|h |v ke|}i mf cib|hbbi fo le|i mf fofs`fmem f| hofshis eb mfb uvho}hb `|eb}i mf hoksf|i mfb qe|" x `| |h |f lio|hmfse uvf |v eqis}f e be leske mffofs`fmem elv`vbeme f| |vqfshis e be mf f|f uvho}hb lio hoksf|i |vqfshis/

Fo i}se| qebecse|" |f lsff uvf fb |h|}fè f| fuvh}e}hti qisuvf fo le|i mffofs`fmem bi| `| qicsf| ke|}eo `foi| mf mhfw `hb qf|i| `fo|vebf| fo|ebvm `hfo}se| uvf bi| `| shli| ke|}eo fo}sf ilnfo}e x oitfo}e `hb qf|i|`fo|vebf| .4(" i`h}hfomi uvf qese fb uvho}hb `| qicsf mhfw `hb qf|i| |io`| mf vo me mf }secegi `hfo}se| uvf qese fb uvho}hb `| shli oitfo}e `hbqf|i| |io `foi| mf voe nise mf }secegi: bi lveb oi sfqsf|fo}e voe |h`qbfebbe }lohle fo fb eobh|h| egv|}emi mf voi| me}i| |hoi be `hiqe lio uvf |fqsf}fomf ecismes be le}fkise mf lbe|f |ilheb/

Fo |ebvm ecvomeo f|}vmhi| uvf eqvo}eo nelhe be fuvhmem qisuvf qfo|es fo fuvhmem f| e}sel}hti x f|qfseowemis" qfsi |f ibthme uvf fo lio}f~}i|leqh}ebh|}e| be fuvhmem oi f| `| uvf vo liolfq}i hbv|ishi7 be qicsfwe f|honfsfo}f eb x oflf|eshe fo fb leqh}ebh|ì/

Fo lio}f~}i| leqh}ebh|}e|" f| `| sfo}ecbf ofkes be| fofs`fmemf| mf beqicsfwe x liolfo}ses|f fo mf|hkvebmemf| `schme| qvo}vebf| ìmhdlecbf|e qes}hs mf be kf|}ho mf f|}hbi| mf thme homhthmvebf| uvf ìmhdles be| liomhlhiof| mf thme fo uvf |f kf|}eo }ebf| mf|hkvebmemf|/

Qis f|i" fb qe| oi qvfmf mis`hs }seouvhbi lveomi" }se| le|h tfho}f ei|

mf bfx 511" ovf|}si| f~qfs}i| eovolheo necfs mf|lvchfs}i uvf fb olbfi mfbe| hofuvhmemf| f|} vchlemi fo bi| sfk`fof| f|qflhebf|" mf|etisflhfomi e

Lio}fohmiOfibhcfsebh|ì se`qeo}f


42/76

Y=3

be qicbelho kfofseb lio sf|qfl}i e be qicbelho mf f|}i| sfk`fof| .=(/ \hchfo |fse mf|fecbf be hkvebelho mf cfofdlhi| fo}sf sfk`fof|" voe |ilhfmemfuvh}e}hte oi em`h}hse |h|}fè| mf |ebvm sek`fo}emi| fo |vcsfk`fof|mfqfomhfo}f| mf be liomhlho beciseb/

Fo}iolf|" qese uvf be fuvhmem mfgf mf |fs fb |ioegfsi mf be \ebvm Qcbhlef| oflf|eshi e|qhses e |ilhfmemf| x e |h|}fè| mf |ebvm f|}svl}vseb`fo}fmhfsfo}f| x lio qi|hchbhmemf| mf }seo|isès be| liomhlhiof| x oi |bi bi|f|}hbi| mf thme mf be| qicbelhiof|/

Fb `h}i mf be lebhmem te li`qf}folheSfwe fb `h}i uvf lveomi fo vo `fslemi |f f|}h`vbe be li`qf}folhe

fo}sf el}isf| nex voe keoeolhe fo lebhmem qese bi| v|veshi|/ Lio }eb liothllho" Libi`che emiq} fo |ebvm" mf|mf 588


43/76


mf hoisèlho mf cvfoe lebhmem |f etisflfs be li`qf}folhe fo fb |fl}is x qisfomf be lebhmem mf be e}folho fo |ebvm .=(/

Fb `h}i mf be vohtfs|ebhmem mfb mfsflniBe `f}e mf vohtfs|ebhwelho f| qsl}hle`fo}f voe sfebhmem .=" q/5=;(/ F|}f

f| }eb tfw fb `h}i `| thfgi" `| mffomhmi x" e be tfw" `| mf|ths}vemi mfo}si mfb|h|}fè mf |ebvm thkfo}f fo Libi`che7 uvf voe tfw |f f`h}f fo ebko bvkes mf bekfiksee oelhioeb vo leso lio fb oi`csf mf voe qfs|ioe" f holbv|i |h f|f lesooi bbfke ge`| e èoi| mf |v }h}vbes" f|e qfs|ioe hoksf|e eb vohtfs|i fo fb uvf fbellf|i" be iqis}vohmem" be lebhmem" be fuvhmem x" qis fomf" be |ebvm x be thme mhkoe|io voe sfebhmem/

Qimseì| oesses lio exis mf}ebbf fb mf|e|f fo}sf }fise x qse~h| fo lio}f~}i|mf e}folho mf |ebvm libiohwemi| qis bi ofibhcfseb" qfsi uvhw| |fe `| sewioecbfvo eb}i fo fb le`hoi qese hoth}es eb }se|bemi mfb hokfohi nvèoi nelhe ìmfbi| mf|ebvm f|}svl}vseb`fo}f mhfsfo}f|/

Lhfssi" fo}iolf|" f~qsf|eomi iq}h`h|ì x eqixi eo}f be hohlhe}hte el}veb mflio|}svllho mf vo \h|}fè mf \ebvm ovfti x mhfsfo}f" lio}fohme fo fb Qsixfl}imf Bfx 516 Bfx f|}e}v}eshe fo \ebvm .;(" fo}fomhme liì vo qsh`fs eteolf nelhe

be liolfqlho mf ìmfbi| mf |ebvm x mf |ilhfmem f|}svl}vseb`fo}f mhfsfo}f|/

Bi| sf}si| mf |fh| le`qf|hoi| mf be sfkho mf Fb Le|}hbbi" @f}e" qfs}foflhfo}f| e be VQ" e|f|hoemi|fo |fq}hf`csf mf 58>>/ Hèkfo7 Qecbi" Tiw - n}}q7)){{{/jhfoxjf/li`)nh|}ishe|)be-vohio-qe}shi}e-fo-be-tiw-mf-|v|-|icsfththfo}f|)

Lio}fohmiOfibhcfsebh|ì se`qeo}f


44/76

Y==

]secegi| lh}emi| .lio kv|}i(

.5(/ Be Lsh|h| mF Be |eBvm Fo LiBi@che///LvB Lsh|h|9 esmhBe" emsheoe/ 54" FoFsie gvohi mF 3153" F|qeLhi Ls}hLi/ n}}q7)){{{/F|qeLhiLsh}hLi/Li@)9u0}e~ioi@x)}Fs@)6/ 5;8=->58 xmF sFdis@e F|}svL}vseBeB |h|}F@emF |eBvmx |Fkvshmem |iLheB - L|s: eBheowe oeLhioeBqisvo ovFti@imFBimF |eBvm/ qsixFL}imF BFx F|}e}v}eshe/ o 516 " n}}q7)){{{/thte/isk/Li)Biccxhok)Li@h|hio-mF-|eBvm)588-qsixFL}i-BFx-516"-BFx-F|}e}v}eshe-Fo-|eBvm/n}@B7 |Foemi/ sFqcBhLemF LiBi@che" 3153/

]secegi| lh}emi| .lio mh|kv|}i(

. mF 3153/ ZLh}emiFB7 3< mF > mF 3153/P n}}q7)){{{/qis}ediBhi/Li)FLioi@he)&F3&>1&8>Lio}hovhmem-mFB-|h|}F@e-|eBvm-oi-qvFmF-F|}es-mvme&F3&>1&88/

.=(/ Le|}eFme" LesBi|" x i}si|/ Be |i|}FohchBhmem dhoeoLhFsemFB |h|}F@e mF |eBvmLiBi@cheoi - mho@hLemFBke|}ixqshoLhqeBF|sF}i|mFLeseeBdv}vsi/ ciki}"LiBi@che7 dFmF|essiBBi" 3153/

.6(/ mhoFsi/Li@/ Bei}seLesemFBdsevmFFoBe| Fq|/ ZFoBoFeP 5; mF 18 mF 3153/ZLh}emiFB7 5> mF 18 mF 3153/P n}}q7)){{{/mhoFsi/Li@)F@qsF|e|)es}hLvBi)Be-i}se-Lese-mFB-dsevmF-Fq|)5411


45/76

O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Lio}fohmiOfibhcfsebh|`i se`qeo}f


46/76

Y=4

Milfo}f fhotf|}hkemise

Vohtfs|hmem Oelhioebmf Libi`cheLisqiselhoQbeof}e Qew

LesibhoeGhòfw @/

Fo fb b}hì `f| ne tfohmi f`fskhfomi liovfswe vo mfce}f e ohtfb oelhioeb x sfkhioeb|icsf bi| qsicbfè| mfb ovfti \h|}fè Kfofseb mf Sfkebe| \KS" lsfemi e }set| mfb el}i bfkh|be}hti 16 mf3155 .uvf sfis` bi| es}lvbi|


47/76


qsilf|i/ Dsfo}f eb }fslfs eskv`fo}i |f ne qbeo}femi uvf fb kichfsoi oelhioeb e}set| mfb sflho lsfemi Diomi mf Enissi x F|}echbhwelho mhshkhmi qis fb Ceoli mfbe Sfqcbhle ne tfohmi v|eomi be qbe}e mf be| sfkebe| qese li`qses mbesf| uvf bfqfs`h}eo èo}fofs lio}sibeme be }e|e mf le`chi/

F|}e |h}velho ne |hmi qsicbfè}hweme qis E`xbjes Eli|}e" uvhfo ne |febemifo mi| es}lvbi| qvcbhlemi| fo Sewo Qcbhle5 uvf fb sf}se|i fo fb khsi mf sflvs|i|

mf be| sfkebe| e be| sfkhiof| icfmflf e voe qib}hle d|leb lio}sellhioh|}e mfb kichfsoi mf \eo}i| x eb v|i uvf |f bf ne memi e mhlni| sflvs|i| qis qes}f mfb @hoh|}fshimf Nelhfome qese be li`qse mf 611 `hbbiof| mf mbesf| qese be sf|fste ìof}eshemfb qe|/

Liì |f qvfmf eqsflhes |io teshemi| bi| eskv`fo}i| uvf neo |vskhmi qesef~qbhles fb sf}se|i fo be| e|hkoelhiof| mf be| sfkebe| e bi| fo}f| }fssh}ishebf| qesebe thkfolhe mfb 3153" uvf" mf elvfsmi lio me}i| |v`hoh|}semi| qis @evshlhi \eo}eèse" mhsfl}is mfb Mfqes}e`fo}i Oelhioeb mf Qbeofelho" e|lhfomfo eb ismfo mf 4chbbiof| mf qf|i| |fko be mh|}shcvlho f|}ecbflhme qis fb ovfti \KS3/

5 Sfkebe|7 Fb kichfsoi lfo}seb li`qse mbesf| lio mhofsi mf be| sfkhiof|" qvc -

bhlemi fb 8 mf |fq}hf`csf" x Fb }seolo mf be| sfkebe|" 34 mf eki|}i/ E`ci|

qvcbhlemi| fo Sewo Qcbhle/

3 Sflismfì| uvf" |fko fb el}i bfkh|be}hti" be mh|}shcvlho mf be| sfkebe| uvfm

f|}ecbflhme mf be |hkvhfo}f èofse7 51& qese fb Diomi mf Lhfolhe" ]floibike f

Hooitelho: 51& qese fb diomi mf qfo|hiof| - DIOQF]: fb


48/76

Y=>

@| ebb mfb mfce}f |v|lh}emi fo }isoi e |h f| eb}e mf li`qf}h}hthmemmf bi| iskeoh|ì| }fssh}ishebf| qese is`vbes bi| qsixfl}i| }eb liì bi ne|i|}fohmi fb kichfsoi" i e bi| }flohlh|ì| x cvsilse}h|ì| mfb |h|}fè }ebliì bi neo èohf|}emi eblebmf| x kicfsoemisf|" holbv|i e |h f|}e |h}velho icfmflf e vo èofgi ìof}eshi qis qes}f mfb @hoh|}fshi mf Nelhfomeuvf ne|}e nelf qili| me| bhmfsece Gveo Lesbi| Flnftfssx" bi lhfs}i f| uvf fbe|vo}i |hkvf ce|}eo}f fosfmemi x eo oi nex bvw tfsmf qese be }seo|fsfolhemf mhlni| sflvs|i|/

Bi uvf `| bbeè be e}folho mf }imi f|}f mfce}f f| uvf be mh|lv|ho |fne lfo}semi fo uvf" liì qsimvl}i mf f|}f sf}se|i" nix f|} fo lvf|}ho bedoeolhelho mf bi| |h|}fè| mf fmvlelho x |ebvm mf bi| mfqes}e`fo}i|/ \hof`ceski" vo eobh|h| fo qsivomhmem mf bi| qsixfl}i| qshishwemi| qis bi|IMLE qese f|}e qsh`fse siome bi uvf qiof fo fthmfolhe f| uvf `| uvfvo nishwio}f |ilheb mf doeolhelho" fb |h|}fè ne memi qshishmem e qsixfl}i|flio`hli| uvf etisflfo be li`qf}h}hthmem sfkhioeb/ F|}i f|" fb nishwio}f mf be doeolhelho f| of}e`fo}f qsimvl}hth|}e x flioi`hlh|}e x sfbfke evo |fkvomi ohtfb fb |fo}hmi |ilheb uvf fo |v| hohlhi| bf nece e|hkoemi e be|

sfkebe| be Lio|}h}vlho Qib}hle mfb 85/

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


49/76


Fo ffl}i" fb ksvf|i mf bi| qsixfl}i| qshishwemi| qese be| |fh| sfkhiof| ni`ikofe|


50/76

Y61

Fgf| }f`}hli| ]hqi| mf qsixfl}i|

Fli}vsh|ìMf|essibbi x `fgise`hfo}i mf qesuvf| ishfo}emi| eb`fgise`hfo}i mf be ifs}e }vs|}hle" fb mf|essibbi mfb|fl}is f`qsf|esheb x }vsh|ì/

@hbh}eshwelho }fssh}isheb

E`qbhelho" is}ebflh`hfo}i" qfsèofolhe x |i|}foh-chbhmem mf be vfswe qcbhle fo be Sfkho mfb Qeld-li: Qbeo ho}fkseb mf |fkvshmem qese be Sfkho Lfo}siIshfo}f/

Ismfoe`hfo}i }fssh}ishebQbeohdlelho x ismfoelho mf lvfole| nhmsiksdle|"qbeof| mf ekve" ismfoelho mf li`qbfgi| lfoeki-|i|/

Dvfo}f7 Lio|}svllho qsiqhe ce|eme fo be qshishwelho mf qsixfl}i| qis sfkhiof|/

Mh|qiohcbf fo be qkhoe {fc mfb \h|}fè Kfofseb mf Sfkebe| .n}}q7))|ks/moq/kit/li)

Qsixfl}i|)QshishwelhomfQsixfl}i|/e|q~(/

Liì |f qvfmf eqsflhes" fb ksvf|i mf bi| qsixfl}i| bf eqvo}e e vo is}ebflh`hfo}i qsimvl}hti mf bi| }fssh}ishi|/ Bi uvf |f ic|fste f| uvf e }set|

mf f|}i| qsixfl}i| |f cv|le exvmes e |iqis}es be sfiskeohwelho }fssh}ishebuvf |f ne mf|essibbemi fo fb qe| fo bi| b}hì| ei| folio|ioeolhe lio be mfdohlho mf voe f|}se}fkhe flio`hle |iqis}eme fo fb mf|essibbi `hofsi f~}sel}hti" hosef|}svl}vseb" fofsk}hli x eksihomv|}sheb/ Mf en uvfbi| e|vo}i| `hbh}es" hosef|}svl}vseb x mf ismfoe`hfo}i}fssh}isheb ilvqfo vo bvkes qshthbfkhemi fo fb ovftif|lfoeshi mf doeolhelho/

]fofì|" fo}iolf|" uvf be ishfo}elho qsimvl}hth|}e uvf neo qshthbfkhemi bi| IMLE fo bi| qsixfl}i|qshishwemi| e|v`f fb }fssh}ishi mf|mf |v v}hbhmem liìsflvs|i" ofkeomi fb |fo}hmi |ilheb" li`voh}eshi x mfthme uvf be| li`vohmemf| neo lio|}svhmi |icsf |v|}fssh}ishi|/ Mf en" uvf |fe qi|hcbf edsès uvf ebkvoi|mf bi| qsixfl}i| ebh`fo}eo be| mh|qv}e| mf }fssh}ishebf|uvf |f qsf|fo}eo nix fo ebkvoe| sfkhiof| mfb qe| sfo}f e be ismfoelho" fb v|i x fb |fo}hmi mf bi| }fssh}ishi|/

F|}e| mh|qv}e| f~qsf|eo fb eo}ekioh|ì fo}sf voe }fssh}ishebhmem |ilheb qiqvbes" uvf e|v`f fb }fssh}ishi liì

Be ishfo}elho qsimvl}hth|}euvf neo qshthbfkhemi bi|IMLE fo bi| qsixfl}i|

qshishwemi| e|v`f fb }fssh}i-shi mf|mf |v v}hbhmem liì

sflvs|i" ofkeomi fb |fo}hmi|ilheb" li`voh}eshi x mf

thme uvf be| li`vohmemf|neo lio|}svhmi |icsf |v|

}fssh}ishi|/ Mf en" uvf |feqi|hcbf esès uvf ebkvoi|mf bi| qsixfl}i| ebh`fo}fo

be| mh|qv}e| }fssh}ishebf| uvf|f qsf|fo}eo nix fo ebkv-

oe| sfkhiof| mfb qe| sfo}fe be ismfoelho" fb v|i x fb

|fo}hmi mf bi| }fssh}ishi|/

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
http://sgr.dnp.gov.co/Proyectos/Priorizaci%E3%AE%A4eProyectos.aspxhttp://sgr.dnp.gov.co/Proyectos/Priorizaci%E3%AE%A4eProyectos.aspxhttp://sgr.dnp.gov.co/Proyectos/Priorizaci%E3%AE%A4eProyectos.aspxhttp://sgr.dnp.gov.co/Proyectos/Priorizaci%E3%AE%A4eProyectos.aspx


51/76


f|qelhi mf thme" x voe }fssh}ishebhmem qsimvl}hth|}e flioi`hlh|}e" uvf bi e|v`flio|hmfseomi |v v|i liì sflvs|i flio`hli x kfofsemis mf shuvfwe/

F|}e |h}velho |f qvfmf hmfo}hdles sfo}f e bi| qsixfl}i| hosef|}svl}vsebf| liìbe Sv}e mfb \ib" bi| lissfmisf| ssfi| fo be Kveghse" bi| qbeof| mf `hbh}eshwelho fo fbQeldli x fo fb Lfo}si Ishfo}f" bi| mf|essibbi èmfsfsi| fo bi| @io}f| mf @ese" bi|ìoilvb}hti| fo fb Qeldli" be ledlvb}vse li`qf}fo}f uvf qfs|hkvf fb qsikseè mfbqeh|egf lvb}vseb lef}fsi" bi| qsixfl}i| fl}i}vs|h}li| fo be| lhoke| bvkes mf qvfcbi|qebed}i|" fo}sf i}si|" uvf |io vome`fo}ebf| e be nise mf fo}fomfs bi| liohl}i|}fssh}ishebf| uvf nix |f thtfo fo f|}i| }fssh}ishi|/

E| uvf fb mfce}f fo fb qe| mfcf oflf|eshe`fo}f hs `| ebb mf uvf |f biksfo|vqfses bi| }flohlh|ì| mfb qsilf|i x mf uvf |f bfteo}f sqhme`fo}f fb }seolomf be| sfkebe|/ Euv bi sfeb`fo}f qsfilvqeo}f x bi uvf f|} fo gvfki f| fb v|i|ilheb mf be| sfkebe| qsimvlhme| cegi vo ìmfbi mf mf|essibbi flio`hli |iqis}emifo be f~qbi}elho homh|lsh`hoeme mf bi| sflvs|i| oe}vsebf|" x uvf f|} |hfomi fb mhsfl}e`fo}f sf|qio|ecbf mf bi| vfs}f| h`qel}i| e`chfo}ebf| x mfb mf|qigi }fssh}ishebmf be| li`vohmemf| shle| fo f|}i| sflvs|i|/ Fo ffl}i" }eb x liì bi nfì| tfohmi|i|}fohfomi" `| uvf `h}hkes x lio}shcvhs eb mf|essibbi |ilheb mf be| li`vohmemf|"

be| sfkebe| enise qsf}fomfo lio}shcvhs eb sfiswe`hfo}i mf be| bkhle| mf f~lbv|homfb ìmfbi/

Fb kfoilhmhi lio}se be Voho Qe}sh}hle x fb ìth`hfo}i qiqvbes libi`cheoi" uvf lics`hbf| mf tl}hè|" ne |hmi lichgemi lio be `| ec|ibv}e h`qvohmem/ Ne|}e nix" oi nex`| mf voe mflfoe mf hotf|}hkelhiof| mf be gv|}hlhe/ Hèkfo mf7 n}}q7)){{{/|fèoe/li`)oelhio)cehbf-sigi)516651-


52/76

Y63

Skh`fo qib} hli x mh|lvs|i

Ecikemi@ek|}fs fo Dhbi|ide

Qsidf|is mf beVohtfs|hmem mfb Tebbf

@eshoi Leohwebf| Q/

Fb qe|emi 5 mf Gvbhi" qsfthe liotile}ishe mfbkichfsoi oelhioeb" vf fbfkhmi i}si ovfti

kicfsoemis mfb mfqes}e`fo}i mfb Tebbf mfb Levle"|}e tfw fb Ms/ Vcfhès Mfbkemi" uvhfo sff`qbewe ebimio}biki Nl}is Dechi V|flnf/ F|}f b}hì" fbfl}ifo il}vcsf mfb 3155 qese vo qfsimi mf lve}si ei|.31533156(" vf icbhkemi e eceomioes fb leski qismflh|ho mf be Lio}sebise Kfofseb mf be Sfqcbhle uvfbi mflbes sf|qio|ecbf mf necfs li`f}hmi mf}sh`fo}i qe}shìoheb fo be Bhlisfse mfb Tebbf qis be |vèmf - =1/111 `hbbiof| mf qf|i|/ \fèoe| mf|qv|"be Qsilvsemvse Kfofseb mf be Oelho bi mf|}h}vx fhonechbh} qis vo }s`hoi mf }sflf ei| qis hssfkvbeshmemf| li`f}hme| fo be lfbfcselho mf vo lio}se}i"lveomi |f mf|f`qfece liì \flsf}eshi mf \ebvm mf|v eo}flf|is x gff qib}hli" Gveo Lesbi| Eceme" uvhfo}e`cho vf qsilf|emi x |eolhioemi qis be `h|è

lev|e/ F|}f |fis" fbfl}i qese fb qfsimi li`qsfomhmifo}sf bi| ei| 311> x 3155" }e`qili qvmi }fs`hoesbi/

Mfbh}i x qib}hle

fo fb Tebbf mfb Levle

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


53/76

O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Skh`fo qi b}h li x mh|lvs|i

Dvf mf|}h}vhmi f honechbh}emi qis be Qsilvsemvse Kfofseb fo `folho qis necfsqes}hlhqemi echfs}e`fo}f fo be le`qee qib}hle mfb f~ `hoh|}si mf ekshlvb}vse"Eoms| Dfbhqf Eshe|" fb lveb cv|lece eeoi|e`fo}f |v oi`hoelho liì leomhme}iqsf|hmfolheb mfo}si mf be lio|vb}e ho}fsoe emfbeo}eme qis fb qes}hmi lio|fstemis/

F|}i| elio}flh`hfo}i| lio|}h}vxfo vo becise}ishi |icsf fb mfbh}i x be qib}hle fofb Tebbf mfb Levle liì bi qe|i e sffshs/ E be flne mf be lh}eme lio}hfome fbfl}iseb"xe |io lholi bi| kicfsoemisf| uvf ne }fohmi fb mfqes}e`fo}i e qes}hs mfb ei 311>/Voi| bi vfsio fo qsiqhfmem" x i}si| liì foleskemi| qis fb Kichfsoi Oelhioebfo fb èsli mf ekshi| mfce}f| x mh|qv}e| qis be liotile}ishe e bi uvf |f ne memifo bbeès fo isè bhkn}fbfllhiof| e}qhle|/ Oi f|} mf`| |febes uvf mfo}simf }eb |ehof}f" be èoi mfb thlfqsf|hmfo}f Eokfbhoi Keswo }e`cho ne gvkemi vokseo qeqfb/ Vcfhès Mfbkemi |f lioths}h e| fo fb |f~}i mf }ebf| kicfsoemisf|/Fbfkhmi qese }fs`hoes fb qfshimi mf Nl}is Dechi V|flnf" ic}vti fb qe|emi 5mf gvbhi 344&/ \v emtfs|eshi" DseolhofmLeoi" qsi}fkhmi mfb f~ |foemis Gveo Lesbi| @es}ofw x qsiìthmi qis be ebheowemf bi| qes}hmi| QHO x @HI" biks 5;4/111 ti}i|/ Voe eìse le`qee qis fb ti}ifo cbeoli" lio}echbhw e |v etis 54 -5881( be| kf|}hiof| mf qew uvf |f tfoeo mf|essibbeo-mi" qfs`h}hfsio bbfkes e vo elvfsmi lio fb @ith`hfo}i 58 mf Ecshb" @-58/ \v `~hì lièomeo}fLesbi| Qhwessi Bfiok`fw" }se| sfho}fkses|f e be thme lhthb x |hfomi e|qhseo}f e be qsf|hmfolhe mf besfqcbhle qis be Ebheowe Mfìls}hle @-58" vf e|f|hoemi fb 34 mf ecshb mf 5881// Hèkfo mf7 n}}q7)){{{/fbqeh|/li`/li)fbqeh|)hoiksede|)lsioibikheqew)homf~/n}`b

Lio}fohmi


54/76

Y6=

Eb sf|qfl}i" lecf eoi}es uvf be leomhme}vsemf Vcfhès Mfbkemi" eo}f bi| f|lomebi| |hooi`csf qsitilemi| qis bi| eo}fshisf| kicfsoemisf| x be qsivome lsh|h| mf kicfsoechbhmemuvf |f kfofs" vf e|v`hme x qsf|fo}eme qisfb qsf|hmfo}f Gveo @eovfb \eo}i| x |v liebhlho mf Kichfsoi liì be ohle |ibvlho qesefb Tebbf/ Be| `folhioeme| fbfllhiof| mfb 5

mf gvbhi" lebhdleme| mf e}qhle| qis mhfsfo}f||fl}isf| qib}hli| x ksvqi| mf iqhoho" liì xe|f mhgi eo}f|" bi vfsio |h |f qes}f mf sflioilfsfb sfmvlhmi esli mf }hf`qi uvf }vthfsio qeseemfbeo}es be le`qee fbfl}iseb bi| mhtfs|i| leomhme}i|" x qis be eb}e mf keseo}e| uvf efl} ebqsilf|i fo `folho/ Dvfsio e}qhle| }e`choqis fb tvbkes gvfki mf èuvhoeshe| mf bi| qes}hmi| uvf lioisèo be lh}eme liebhlho mf ki

chfsoi" x qis be liolvssfolhe ic|lfoe mf be| lnfuvfse| x f`qsf|e| fbfl}isebf|lio |v| hokfo}f| |vè| mf mhofsi/ Euvfbbe vf voe le`qee qib}hle fo belveb bi| cesiof| fbfl}isebf| mf be sfkho x be qsitholhe nhlhfsio mf be| |vxe|"eqbhleomi e sege}ecbe fb mhl}emi mfb ke}iqesmi7 uvf }imi le`chf" qese uvf}imi uvfmf hkveb/

Qis bi mf`|" mhlni| li`hlhi| mfqes}e`fo}ebf| vfsio tebisemi| qis oiqili| liì fb `fgis ì`fo}i qese lio|}svhs vo ovfti bhmfsewki mfqes}e`fo}eb/ F|i |" |ho mfce}f mf hmfe|" |ho qsikseè|" x |ho cebeolf| liolsf}i||icsf bi| sele|i| mf be| eo}fshisf| em`hoh|}selhiof|/ Fo |o}f|h|" |f e|h|}h e}ime voe qesimhe qib}hle" lio |v gvfki mf mh|self| x |h`vbelhiof|/

Enise chfo" bi eo}fshis qimse |fs bi e}qhli" qfsi |ibi |h |f qes}f mfsflioilfs" |ho ohokvoe liolf|ho" uvf bi }qhli x mi`hoeo}f fo f|}f mfqes}e`fo}i ne |hmi" mf|mf nelf teshi| bv|}si|" fb fgfslhlhi mf be qib}hle liì e|ilhelho qese mfbhouvhs" miomf fb F|}emi sfkhioeb x be em`hoh|}selho qcbhleneo |hmi }se}emi| liì ci}o/ F| fb |flvf|}si mf be qib}hle qis voe |ilhfmemlsh`hoeb fo |v| mhfsfo}f| f~qsf|hiof|/ Uvf f|}i f| e| mf ksetf" bi qsvfcefb mf|lvcsh`hfo}i mf voe Sfkh|}semvse qesebfbe eb eèoflfs mfb me 5 mf

gvbhi fo be lhvmem mf Lebh" lioisème" fo}sf i}si|" qis ebkvoi| `hf`csi|mf bi| |fl}isf| qib}hli| uvf eqixesio be leomhme}vse mf Dseolhofm Leoi"be \flsf}eshe mfb @HI x voe eb}e volhioeshe mf be Sfkh|}semvse Oelhioeb

Tibtfs e lio}fohmi


55/76

O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Skh`fo qi b}h li x mh|lvs|i

mfb F|}emi Lhthb" be lveb vf f|}ecbflhme lio fb ohli do mf h`qiofs e }eb qfs|ioegf`fmheo}f fb sevmf fbfl}iseb x èo}fofs be svbe mf uvhfof| |f foshuvflhfsio fo be|eo}fshisf| kicfsoelhiof|/

Be sfebhmem flio`hle" qib}hle x |ilheb mfb mfqes}e`fo}i mfb Tebbf liodsèlio lsflf| uvf f|}eì| eo}f vo leqh}ebh|ì keo|}fshb" mfo}si mfb lveb be| sfbelhiof|fo}sf qib}hle x mfbh}i |io nes}i svl}fse| qese |v| ekfo}f|" }eo}i e ohtfb sfkhioebliì oelhioeb/ Eb sf|qfl}i nex uvf mflhs uvf oi |io |bi be| ède| mfb oesli}sdli be| uvf bi |v|}fo}eo" be| lvebf| neo |fo}emi |v| sfebf| mf èofse fo}hle fof|}e sfkho" qfof}seomi x lio}sibeomi kseo qes}f mf |v }fghmi |ilheb" bi h|ì uvf`vlne| mf be| el}hthmemf| flio`hle|" miomf fb |fl}is doeolhfsi ne gvkemi vokseo qeqfb/ Mf mhlni lvemsi nelfo qes}f" hkveb`fo}f" be lio}sessfisè eksesheemfbeo}eme qis fb qese`hbh}esh|ì x bi| }fsse}fohfo}f| lio |v| |flvfbe| mf mf|qbewe`hfo}i x cesceshf: be lio}se}elho qcbhle liì vfo}f mf foshuvflh`hfo}ihblh}i: be `hofse bfkeb f hbfkeb x |v| kseomf| mei| `fmhie`chfo}ebf|: fb betemix bfkebhwelho mf el}hti|" x `b}hqbf| f`qsf|e| lsh`hoebf|" }shcv}eshe| mf }ebf|sfebhmemf|/ E bi eo}fshis |f |vè fb mf|qi}h|ì mf be| f`qsf|e| fbfl}isebf| uvf}fs`hoesio lioths}hfomi" be| `| mf be| tflf|" fb ti}i bhcsf f homfqfomhfo}f fo

voe leshle}vse |eokshfo}e/ Voe qsvfce eb leo}i be lio|}h}vxfo bi| ilni ei| mfbkichfsoi mf btesi Vshcf Tbfw/

Bvfki mf |v leomh}e}vseqsf|hmfolheb x liì mhshkfo}fmf be Voho Qe}sh}hle vfe|f|hoemi Cfsoesmi Gese`hbbi"fb 33 mf èswi mf 5881/ Hèkfomf7 n}}q7)){{{/fbf|qfl}emis/li`)

dbf|)hèkf|)fcès3151)


56/76

Y64

Vcfhès Mfbkemi oi qvfmf |fs |homhlemi mf |fshkveb e |v| qsfmflf|isf|: |ho f`ceski" oi f| vo ni`csfmf svq}vse/ \v qfs|ioebhmem qib}hle }shvo liì voeleomhme}vse mf li`qsi`h|i lio bi| `h|ì| sf|qio|ecbf| mf be el}veb lsh|h| qis be uvf e}sethf|e fb mfqes}e`fo}i mfb Tebbf7 bi| cesiof| mf be Vohmem Oelhioeb/Fo |v liebhlho mf kichfsoi oi f|}o fb QHO oh fb @HI"qfsi f|}o bi| i}si| x be| i}se|/ Voe |foemise mf be

Sfqcbhle x cebves}f mf mhlne leomhme}vse" uvhfo |ffolvfo}se fo be lslfb" èo}hfof |v lvi}e mf qimfs fobe ovfte em`h

Revista Izquierda, no 27, octubre de 2012

Documents

Transcript of Revista Izquierda, no 27, octubre de 2012