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Mf qsi|qfses be qi|hchbhmem mf voe |ibvlho qib}hleeb liohl}i |ilheb x es`emi libi`cheoi" f| homh|lv}hcbf uvf qimseo ecshs|f liomhlhiof| oi |ibi qese vofgfslhlhi mf be qib}hle uvf mf|h|}e mfb sflvs|i mfb ebwe`hfo}i es`emi lio}se fb F|}emi" |hoi qese eteowes`| mflhmhme`fo}f nelhe be| }seo|is`elhiof| flio`hle|" qib}hle|" |ilhebf| x lvb}vsebf| uvf sfuvhfsf fbqe|/ E qf|es mf }ime| be| ls}hle| uvf |f bf neo nflni ebElvfsmi" voe| chfo ho}folhioeme|" i}se| fole`hoeme|
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fb kichfsoi" oi |bi nelf qfbhksi|e`fo}f thmshi|i| bi| folvfo}si| mf BeNeceoe" |hoi homhle be e|qhselho mfb kichfsoi el}veb mf sf|ibtfs e|vo}i|mf be `f|e fo fb le`qi mf ce}ebbe/ Fo bi| eb}i| lslvbi| kvcfsoe`fo}ebf|nelf lessfse be }f|h| mf uvf be mho`hle mf be liosio}elho qsimvlhs besfomhlho/ Be qew f| be thl}ishe" |f eds`e sfh}fseme`fo}f/
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Vo fo}fomh`hfo}i mf f|e| lesel}fs|}hle| qes}f mf mi| qsf`h|e| eb|e|7Qsh`fse" }se| |v mfssi}e `hbh}es" e be ho|vskfolhe oi bf uvfme `| le`hoiuvf be fo}sfke: |fkvome" fo qebecse| mfb teshiqho}i @hoh|}si Lio|fgfsiKeswo" xe oi nex i~kfoi qese ohokvoe bvlne es`eme/ Oi ic|}eo}f" |h|f |v|lshcf vo elvfsmi qese be }fs`hoelho mfb liohl}i `fmheo}f fb mhbiki" f| qisuvf |f sflioilf be h`qi|hchbhmem mf |v |ibvlho qis be te `hbh}es/Be ds`e mfb elvfsmi liobbfte fb sflioilh`hfo}i mf be ho|vskfolhe li`ivfswe qib}hli`hbh}es: qis }eo}i" be elfq}elho mf nflni mf be f~h|}folhe mflev|e| uvf f~qbhleo fb ebwe`hfo}i es`emi" uvf }fomseo uvf |fs sf|vfb}e|/
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che
f|e| mfdohlhiof|" |h e fbbi |f bbfkesf" mfqfomfs fo kseo`fmhme mf be mho`hle x mf bi| ebleolf| mf be bvlne|ilheb x qiqvbes/
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mfb liohl}i/ Fb sf}i uvf |f bf qbeo}fe eb `ith`hfo}i|ilheb x qiqvbes lio|h|}f gv|}e`fo}f fo li`qsfomfsx e|v`hs uvf fb Elvfsmi fo}sf be ho|vskfolhe x fb kichfsoi kfofse ovfte| liomhlhiof| mf qi|hchbhmem qeseqfo|es fb qimfs x |v| el}vebf| is`e| mf iskeohwelhof ho|}h}vlhioebhwelho/ Mf qes}f mf be| lbe|f| mi`hoeo}f|" |f }se}e mf voe iqis}vohmem qese ho}fo}es besfli`qi|hlho mf |v qimfs mf lbe|f x vo `fgis folvemse`hfo}i mfb `imfbi mf sfqsh`eshwelho doeolhesh
weme mf be flioi`e" uvf `vf|}se b`h}f| qis be| sf|h|}folhe| x bvlne| qis fb }fssh}ishi x be qsiqhe }fomfolhemf be elv`vbelho }seo|oelhioeb fo fb `esli mf be lsh|h| leqh}ebh|}e/
\h |f eoebhwe fb lio}fohmi mfb Elvfsmi li`i vo }imi" fo bi uvf b ebleowee f~qsf|es" }eo}i fo fb qsf`cvbi li`i fo bi| |fh| qvo}i|" |f qvfmf eds`esuvf b f| lio}fo}hti mf qsfilvqelhiof| lfo}sebf| mf be |ilhfmem libi`cheoe"fo kfofseb" x mf be| lbe|f| |vceb}fsoe| x mf be| kfo}f| mfb li`o" fo qes}hlvbes"`| ebb mf bi| fovolhemi| x elqh}f| f|qfldli|" uvf qvfmfo |isqsfomfs fobi is`eb x mes bvkes e `b}hqbf| ho}fsqsf}elhiof|" holbv|i qisuvf ebkvoi| mffbbi| qsithfofo mf bfokvegf| ho|}h}vlhioebf| i mf iskeoh|`i| `vb}hbe}fsebf|/
Bi| lslvbi| mfb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i uvf f|}o qfo|eomi fo beqew f~qsf|| x bfneo mfdohmi mf eo}f`eoi vo nishwio}f mf }hf`qi e bi| mhbiki|" lio|hmfseoe qes}hs mf voe th|ho f|}sflne mfb liohl}i |ilheb x es`emi" uvf fo be|qib}hle| kvcfsoe`fo}ebf| el}vebf| x fo ebkvoi| mf |v| mf|essibbi| bfkebf| |ffolvfo}seo |fo}eme| be| ce|f| mf vo elvfsmi doeb x uvf |bi be ho}seo|hkfolhemf be| DESLFQ x |v mf|liof~ho lio be sfebhmem oi bi nese qi|hcbf/ Foqes}hlvbes |f f|}h`e uvf be| qsholhqebf| lvi}e| mfb qsilf|i xe |f neo qekemi7be Bfx mf tl}h`e| x mf sf|}h}vlho mf }hfsse| x fb bbe`emi @esli gvsmhliqese be qew/ \f folio}sese qfomhfo}f" be xe lilhoeme bfx kfofseb ekseshe x
\h fo tfsmem |f uvhfsf eteo-wes nelhe be |vqfselho mfbe kvfsse x be sfliolhbhelho"fo liomhlhiof| elfq}ecbf|qese be| qes}f| x qese be|ilhfmem libi`cheoe fo |vliogvo}i" mfcfse lio}f`-qbes|f sflissfs fb le`hoi
mf voe E|e`cbfe oelhioeblio|}h}vxfo}f li`i`fleoh|`i mf sfsfomelhomf vo ftfo}veb elvfsmioeb" |h e fbbi |f bbfkesf/Bi| }s`hoi| mf be Ekfomeqfs`h}fo bbfkes e voelio|hmfselho mf f|f }hqi/
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mf mf|essibbi svseb" lvxi qsixfl}i oh |huvhfse|f ne qimhmi qsf|fo}es eb Lioksf|i qis bi|h`qfmh`fo}i| kfofsemi| qis be sfkvbelho mfb`fleoh|`i mf be lio|vb}e qsfthe" x be sfkbe`fo}elho mfb esli gvsmhli qese be qew" lvxiqsixfl}i |f ne eovolhemi" |fs qsf|fo}emi fof|}f f| mf il}vcsf eb Lioksf|i/ Mf f|e is`euvfmeseo sf|vfb}i| bi| qvo}i| lesmhoebf| mfb
Elvfsmi7 be lvf|}ho ekseshe x be qes}hlhqelhoqib}hle mf be ho|vskfolhe mf|`ithbhweme/ Bimf`| |fse lvf|}ho mf lesqho}fse/ Be| mh|lv|hiof| mf ebleolf f|}svl}vseb elfsle mf be|lev|e| uvf ishkhoeo x f~qbhleo fb ebwe`hfo}ifo es`e|" mf be is`elho |ilhiflio`hleuvf qsimvlf x sfqsimvlf be| is`e| mf qimfsf~h|}fo}f|" }fomseo uvf |fs sf|vfb}e| fo beli`qf}folhe fbfl}iseb/ \h ho}fsqsf}i chfo x f|i|
vfseo bi| }s`hoi| mf uvhfof| h`ekhoeo voeqew f|qsf||" lsfi uvf be qi|hchbhmem mf vo elvfsmi doeb |f folvfo}se `vx bfgeoe/
\ho bvkes e mvme" be Ekfome mf mhbiki|lio}hfof" fo voe ho}fsqsf}elho e`qbhe" mi|}f`e| `fmvbesf| mf be el}veb qsicbf`}hlelibi`cheoe7 Fo qsh`fs bvkes" be lvf|}ho mfbe }hfsse x fb }fssh}ishi" uvf fo |fo}hmi f|}shl}iliobbfte e be mh|lv|ho |icsf fb `imfbi flio`hli" x" fo voe `hseme `| e`qbhe" |icsf fb`imi mf thme x mf qsimvllho/ Fo |fkvomibvkes" be iskeohwelho ho|}h}vlhioeb mfb fgfslhlhimf be qib}hle" uvf li`qsfomf be mh|lv|ho elfsle mf be| liodkvselhiof| mfb skh`fo qib}hlix" fo qes}hlvbes" mfb |h|}f`e qib}hli" f| mflhs" belvf|}ho mf be mf`ilselhe/
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Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che
mfcf |fs eqsiqheme |ilheb`fo}f x mi}eme lio bi| lio}fohmi| uvf bf uvhfseo xbf qvfmeo h`qsh`hs be| lbe|f| |vceb}fsoe|" be| kfo}f| mfb li`o/ Be| `b}hqbf| mf`eome| mf qes}hlhqelho fo bi|mhbiki| mf Be Neceoe homhleo uvf oi|f f|}es fo qsf|folhe |h`qbf`fo}f mfvoe| liotfs|elhiof| fo}sf be kvfsshbbe
x fb kichfsoi/ \fl}isf| `exish}eshi| mfbe |ilhfmem libi`cheoe tfo fo fbbe|"lio }ime be sewo" voe iqis}vohmemqese eteowes ffl}hte`fo}f nelhe voe|ibvlho qib}hle mfb liohl}i |ilheb xes`emi/
\h fo tfsmem |f uvhfsf eteowes nelhebe |vqfselho mf be kvfsse x be sfliolhbhelho" fo liomhlhiof| elfq}ecbf| qese
be| qes}f| x qese be |ilhfmem libi`cheoefo |v liogvo}i" mfcfse lio}f`qbes|f sflissfs fb le`hoi mf voe E|e`cbfe oelhioeblio|}h}vxfo}f li`i `fleoh|`i mf sfsfomelho mf vo ftfo}veb elvfsmi doeb" |h efbbi |f bbfkesf/ Bi| }s`hoi| mf be Ekfome qfs`h}fo bbfkes e voe lio|hmfselho mf f|f}hqi/ @foi| qsicecbf f| be hmfe mf uvf elvfsmi| fo}sf be| qes}f| uvfmfo |vqfmh}emi|e be tibvo}em mfb Lioksf|i" ho|}h}vlho lvf|}hioeme x lesfo}f mf bfkh}h`hmem" x eblio}sib mf lio|}h}vlhioebhmem uvf fgfslf be Lis}f Lio|}h}vlhioeb/
\h chfo f| lhfs}i uvf vo liolfq}i mf |ibvlho qib}hle oi h`qbhle be e}fshebhwelhoho`fmhe}e mf }seo|is`elhiof| f|}svl}vsebf|" uvf fo |fo}hmi f|}shl}i bbfteo }hf`qix sf|qiomfo `| e be bkhle mf qsilf|i|" }eb qsiq|h}i | mf`eome be mfdohlho mfqsholhqhi|" qsiq|h}i|" te| x `fleoh|`i|" uvf liobbftfo voe sfiskeohwelho mfbqimfs x voe sfmfdohlho mfb F|}emi x mf be |ilhfmem |icsf bi| qsf|vqvf|}i| mf voovfti lio|fo|i" li`i bi f~hkf nix fb `ith`hfo}i |ilheb x qiqvbes fo ovf|}si qe|"x bi `vf|}se be qsiqhe f~qfshfolhe lio|}h}vxfo}f be}hoie`fshleoe mf bi| b}h`i|bv|}si|/ \h fbbi f| qi|hcbf" mfqfomfs fo kseo `fmhe mf be leqelhmem mf mf|qbhfkvfe }set| mf be iskeohwelho x be `ithbhwelho" mf be ellho qib}hle iskeohweme mfbe qi}folhe lio|}h}vxfo}f mf be| lbe|f| |vceb}fsoe| x mf be| kfo}f| mfb li`o/
Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
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Qibh}bikiEm`hoh|}semis Qcbhli
Hokfohfsi Homv|}sheb@ek|}fs fo
F|}vmhi| Qib}hli|Leomhme}i e Mil}isfo F|}vmhi| Qib}hli|
x Sfbelhiof|Ho}fsoelhioebf|
\eo}i| Ebio|iCfb}so Cfb}so
Be qew f|" qis |vqvf|}i" vo mfsflni uvf mfcfse keseo}hwes|f e }imi| bi| lhvmemeoi|" x |vc|uvfme" vo mfcfs mf }imi| bi| kichfsoi|/ Be qew f|be liomhlho |ilheb fo be uvf bi| homhthmvi| qvfmfomf|essibbes|f mf `eofse ho}fkseb: fo be uvf fb lsflh`hfo}i flio`hli sfqis}e `fgisf| liomhlhiof| mf
thme qese }imi|" `fmheo}f be sf|ibvlho mf be| oflf|hmemf| x mf|fi| mf be |ilhfmem e }set| mfb v|i selhioebmf bi| sflvs|i| e mh|qi|hlho: fo be uvf be qib}hle |fliothfs}f fo fb f|qelhi lhthbhwemi mf liosio}elhomf be| }fomfolhe| hmfibkhle| |icsf fb mf|}hoi mf bi|sflvs|i| qcbhli| x be qes}hlhqelho mf }imi| fo beem`hoh|}selho mf bi| e|vo}i| li`vof|: be qew f| beliomhlho |ilheb fo be uvf be thme nv`eoe ic}hfof fb`~h`i ksemi mf tebhmfw fo voe e}`|fse mf sf|qf}i"|ibhmeshmem x }ibfseolhe el}hte mf be| mhfsfolhe|/ Mf`eofse }eb uvf sf|vb}ese ec|ibv}e`fo}f mf|lecfbbemiiqiofs|f e be c|uvfme mf be qew" | fo voe |ilhfmemli`i be libi`cheoe uvf ne tfomhmi |iqis}eomi be`| lsvfo}e thibfolhe mf vo liohl}i cbhli qsibiokemi x mfksememi" fo fb uvf `hbbiof| mf libi`cheoi||f neo th|}i efl}emi| mf `b}hqbf| is`e|" xe qis fbe|f|hoe}i mf |v| |fsf| uvfshmi|" qis fb mf|qbewe`hfo}i
iswemi" qis be qfsmhme mf |v| chfof| x fo|fsf| i qis fb|febe`hfo}i x fb i|}selh|`i qib}hli eb uvf neo |hmi
Be qew" be kvfsse xbi| ofkilhi|7Vo eobh|h|mf|mf fb sfebh|`i qib}hli
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Lioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
liomfoemi|: fo do" qis be| lio|flvfolhe| ofe|}e mf be kvfsse" uvf |vsfo mf `eofse `e| mf|lesoeme be| lbe|f| qiqvbesf|" fo vb}h`e| bi| `hf`csi| mf bi| lvfsqi|es`emi|" fgslh}i x kvfsshbbe|" x }e`cho bi| ho}fkseo}f| mfb lio}f~}i |ilheb miomf |fmf|essibbeo be| ellhiof| mf kvfsse" be qfshfshe mf be| kseomf| lhvmemf|" be Libi`chesvseb fo be uvf |f `vftfo bi| el}isf| es`emi|" be| wioe| mf sio}fse ekslibe miomfle`qfeo be qicsfwe" fb mf|lvhmi f|}e}eb x bi| lvb}hti| hblh}i|/ Be qew mfcfse |hkohdles qese f|}i| libi`cheoi| oi |bi fb lf|f mf be thibfolhe" |hoi be }seo|is`elhosfeb mf |v| liomhlhiof| `e}fshebf| mf f~h|}folhe/
Qfsi be qew qvfmf qfslhchs|f }e`cho li`i fb lio}f~}i |ilheb qi|h}hti fo fb uvf|f qvfmfo mf|fotibtfs" |ho lio}se}hf`qi|" bi| ofkilhi|" be| lveo}hi|e| hotfs|hiof|mf leqh}eb fo be f~qbi}elho eksiqflveshe x `hofsifofsk}hle x fb mh|sv}f mf beqsiqhfmem |ho }s`hoi qis qes}f mf bi| qi|ffmisf| mf leqh}eb/ Be qew" fo f|}f |fo}hmi" sfmvlf mf `eofse sfeb bi| li|}i| mfshtemi| mf be holfs}hmv`csf" vo |icsfli|}iuvf icbhke eb kseo leqh}eb e sfebhwes qsith|hiof| f~}se| mf mhofsi qese lvcshs bi|qi|hcbf| e}fo}emi| lio}se be hosef|}svl}vse uvf mfcf lsfes" e sfmvlhs be e`foewe mfthibfolhe uvf qfomf |icsf be lecfwe mf bi| uvf" fo voe |ilhfmem }eo mf|hkveb li`ibe ovf|}se" uvhfsfo nelfs kebe mf be i|}fo}elho x fb mfssilnf fo be qsiqhfmem x fb
lio|v`i/ Be qew f|" fo f|}f |fo}hmi" }eo}i voe liomhlho qese be hotfs|ho li`ivo keseo}f mfb ev`fo}i mf be| keoeolhe| mfb leqh}eb/ Fo voe |ilhfmem miomf be
Fo |fq}hf`csf mf 58>;" be| DESL" fb FBO" fb @-58" fb FQB" fb QS] x fb @ith`hfo}i Uvho}o Be`flsfesio be Liismhoemise Oelhioeb Kvfsshbbfse \h`o Cibtes" |fkvomi ho}fo}i qis vohles be|iskeohwelhiof| kvfsshbbfse| x qsixfl}es fb qsilf|i mf qew/ Be ovfte f|}svl}vse" |ho f`ceski" oibiks |v| icgf}hti|/ H`ekfo mf7 n}}q7)){{{/fbqeh|/li`/li)fbqeh|)hoiksede|)lsioibikheqew)homf~/n}`b
Lio}fohmi
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f~qeo|ho flio`hle f|}e lhseme fo be f~qbi}elho qsh`eshe mf sflvs|i|qis qes}f mf kseomf| hotfs|hioh|}e| qshtemi|" fo f|qelhi| kfiksdli| miomf fb liohl}i es`emi |f sflsvmflf" |fbbes vo elvfsmi mf qew f| be `fgis`eofse mf keseo}hwes be |fkvshmem mf be hotfs|ho x be keoeolhe" x f|f f| fble|i mf Libi`che/
Be kvfsse ho}fsoe x be| bili`i}ise| mfb mf|essibbi7 ]}vbi| `hofsi|"f~qbi}elho qf}sibfse x thibfolhe es`eme
Be sfbelho fo}sf flioi`e x kvfsse hssfkvbes te | ebb mfb eobh|h| flioi`hlh|}e uvf bhke be leq}vse mf sfo}e| hbfkebf| lio fb is}ebflh`hfo}i mf bi|ksvqi| ho|vskfo}f|/ F|}e qi|hlho mf|qibh}hwe be| liosio}elhiof| es`eme|ho}fsoe| sfmvlhomibe| |h`qbf`fo}f e voe ellho mf ceomhmegf emfbeo}eme qis ksvqi| es`emi| hbfkebf|" uvf" eo}f voe mho`hle flio`hle mflhb f~}is|ho ce|eme fo be f~qbi}elho mf qsimvl}i| qsh`eshi|" `f}ebf|qsflhi|i| i li`cv|}hcbf|" fo vo F|}emi |ho leqelhmem mf h`qiofs|f fo fb}fssh}ishi x lio voe qicbelho mh|qfs|e" ebfgeme mf bi| lfo}si| mf qimfs xlio cegi ohtfb mf linf|ho |ilheb |f liothfs}fo fo `ede| uvf leq}vseo be
qsimvllho bileb x |f qsixfl}eo e be hovfolhe oelhioeb qese |e}h|elfs |veo mf elv`vbelho hbfkeb/ Be mf|qibh}hwelho |f liolsf}e lio be mfoi`hoelho mf f|}e| eksvqelhiof| li`i |h`qbf| ksvqi| }fssish|}e|" `hfo}se| |fbf| lfslfoe |v lesl}fs qib}hli li`i sfqsf|fo}eo}f| mf mho`hle| |ilhebf|mf sf|h|}folhe fo bi }fssh}ishi|" x |f bf| sfmvlf e eksvqelhiof| ebfgeme| mfb|fo}hs qiqvbes x e |h`qbf| ho|}sv`fo}i| mf lecflhbbe| chfo qi|hlhioemi|fo fb mh|sv}f mf be| sfo}e| hbfkebf|" uvf v|eo be thibfolhe qese e`fmsfo}ese be qicbelho" ebfges e be| ev}ishmemf| x ofv}sebhwes e |v| fof`hki| fo fbofkilhi hbfkeb/
Fo Libi`che" f|}e ishfo}elho eoeb}hle ne nflni lessfse x fb eobh|h|qib}hli mfb liohl}i es`emi ne |hmi mf|qbewemi qis be fmhlho flioi`}shle mf be| sfo}e| mf bi| hbfkebf| x be f|}h`elho mf be| keoeolhe| mfgeme| mfqfslhchs qis bi| hotfs|hioh|}e| qshtemi| fo be| sfkhiof|/ Be kfisffsfolhelho mf|essibbeme qis f|}i| eobh|h| mf|lvcsf tfsmemf| mf Qfsiksvbbi7 uvf bekvfsse ho}fsoe |f ho}fo|hdle fo bi| }fssh}ishi| miomf be| flioi`e| hbfkebf|}hfofo qsf|folhe" miomf |f qsixfl}eo be| kseomf| hotfs|hiof| fo icse| mfhosef|}svl}vse i mf f~qbi}elho hofsifofsk}hle" i miomf fb kseo leqh}eb
vchle be `hseme qese kfofses mho`hle| mf mf|essibbi `io}eme| |icsf bekseo f~qbi}elho eksiqflveshe/ Be ekvmfwe mfb eobh|h| lef qvf| fo fb bvkes
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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li`o mf |febes uvf qese uvf voe kvfsse hssfkvbes |fmf|essibbf f| oflf|eshi uvf f~h|}eo sflvs|i| lveo}hi|i|x voe qsf|folhe ho|}h}vlhioeb lissvq}e" mchb i" qis bi`foi|" hof~h|}fo}f/ Be liolbv|ho mfb eobh|h| }fs`hoeictheomi be mho`hle `| h`qis}eo}f" e |ecfs" uvfbe liohl}hthmem |ilheb mfshteme mf be| flioi`e| mfmh|qise |f qibh}hwe eo}f vo F|}emi uvf `| uvf |fs fbkeseo}f mf bi| mfsflni| mf be qicbelhiof| tvbofseme|"
|f liothfs}f fo ekfo}f mf bi| ho}fsf|f| mf be| kseomf|li`qee| mf f~qbi}elho" fo fb l`qbhlf bileb mf be|`ede| uvf |flvf|}seo fb qimfs qib}hli x fo be }siqemf ilvqelho qese sfoes bi| sflbe`i| mf be| li`vohmemf| efl}eme|/
Ovfte`fo}f f| Libi`che fb fgf`qbi qis eo}ioi`e|he mf f|}e |h}velho7 be li`qbfghmem }fssh}isheb mfb qe|" |v sfbhftf ecsvq}iuvf qbeo}fe voe mhlhb liof~ho ho}fsoe" be lio|}svllho mf }fssh}ishebhmemf|fo miomf be ev|folhe f|}e}eb ne kfofsemi qese be qicbelho be oflf|hmem mf
iskeohwes|f mf `eofse homfqfomhfo}f e be| bkhle| f`eoeme| mf|mf fb lfo}si f~lbvxfo}f| x thibfo}e| x" qis |vqvf|}i" be qi}folhebhmem mf shuvfweflio`hle uvf fb }fssh}ishi f| leqew mf kfofses" xe qis bi| lvb}hti| hblh}i|"be f~}sellho mf sflvs|i| oe}vsebf| i be f~qbi}elho ekslibe" qfs`h}h fbmf|essibbi mf eksvqelhiof| ho|vskfo}f| uvf mf|mf bi| ei| |f|fo}e f`qfwesio e mh|qv}es lio fb F|}emi be lio|}svllho mf sffsfo}f| qib}hli| x beiskeohwelho |ilheb fo be| sfkhiof|/
Be sf|qvf|}e thibfo}e mfb F|}emi e f|}e| iskeohwelhiof| x be lio|}svllhomf }fghmi |ilheb ebsfmfmis mf fbbe|" qis be ho`hkselho le`qf|hoe e be| sfkhiof| mf mi`hohi ho|vskfo}f" |ibi sflsvmflh be kvfsse" be qsibiok x kfofsbe mfksemelho mfb liohl}i es`emi qis }imi| bi| el}isf| hotibvlsemi|/ Fof|}f `i`fo}i be| qfs|qfl}hte| mf lsflh`hfo}i flio`hli f|}o e}eme|" fof|e| sfkhiof|" eb mf|essibbi mf qsixfl}i| mf f~}sellho `hofse x qf}sibfse" ebe f~qbi}elho mf f}ebf| liohl}hti| x e be kfofselho mf kseomf| qsixfl}i|mf mf|essibbi ekslibe7 ebleowes be qew |f liothfs}f fo voe oflf|hmem qeseelbh`e}es be| hotfs|hiof|" qese sfmvlhs bi| shf|ki| mfshtemi| mf be liohl}hthmem |ilheb x qese lio fbbi kfofses bi| qvo}i| emhlhioebf| mf lsflh`hfo}i
uvf |f neo mfgemi mf qfslhchs" qfsi uvf oi keseo}hweo be sfmh|}shcvlho mfbhoksf|i x" qis fbbi" }e`qili fb mf|essibbi lio gv|}hlhe |ilheb/
Voe qi|hlho mf hwuvhfsmemfcf ho|h|}hs fo uvf be bbetfmf be qew oi f|} fo `eoi||bi mf bi| lio}fomhfo}f|"|hoi uvf mf|leo|e mf`eofse sfeb fo be |ilhfmemthl}h`hweme qis fb }fssish|-`i mf F|}emi x ne|}heme mf
be f~qbi}elho flio`hle"be f~lbv|ho qib}hle x bemi`hoelho ho}fsoelhioeb/
Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
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Be qew x be kvfsse7 Voe lvf|}ho mf li|}i|9
Fo sfqf}hme| ile|hiof| |f ne eds`emi qis ebkvoi|eoebh|}e|" x qis volhioeshi| mfb `h|`i kichfsoi" uvfbe kvfsse ho}fsoe uvf thtf fb qe| ne lev|emi vo sf}se|ifo fb lsflh`hfo}i flio`hli/ Eqvo}eo bi| eoebh|}e|flio`hli| uvf |f qimse kfofses vo ebwe mf mi| e}sf| qvo}i| qislfo}vebf| fo be lhse mf lsflh`hfo}i mfbe flioi`e oelhioeb" qfsi uvf bi| li|}i| e|ilhemi|
e be thibfolhe honhcfo fb mf|fotibth`hfo}i emflvemimf be flioi`e7 fb shf|ki mf mf|essibbes hotfs|hiof| fobe| sfkhiof| euvfgeme| qis fb liohl}i" bi| sflvs|i|mf|}hoemi| e be kvfsse" be mf|}svllho mf hosef|}svl}vse qis bi| ebwemi| fo es`e| x" fo kfofseb" beholfs}hmv`csf qese fb leqh}eb hotfs|hioh|}e" lev|eseof|}f sfweki fo fb lsflh`hfo}i/ E|" voe |ilhfmem foqew |fse vo e`chfo}f qsitflni|i qese be hotfs|hof~}seogfse x" lio fbbi" qese fb lsflh`hfo}i mf be fli
oi`e/ \ho f`ceski" oi f| lbesi uvf fb lsflh`hfo}iflio`hli mfshtf mf `eofse lhb fo fuvhmem |ilheb"x }eb tfw f|}i| flioi`h|}e| |hkeo qfo|eomi fo uvf be}fise ofibhcfseb mfb ki}fi cfofdlhes qis eemhmvse ebi| `| qicsf|7 be shuvfwe sfci|eo}f mf bi| qi|ffmisf|mf leqh}eb hsshkes be| lbe|f| qiqvbesf| lio cfofdlhi|li`i f`qbfi f hoksf|i/
Fb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i f|}" qvf|" mh|qvf|}i e qekes bi|li|}i| qese ic}fofs voe qew uvf qfs`h}e fb lsflh`hfo}iflio`hli/ Fo be `fo}ebhmem mfb }fomfsi" be| |v`e| xbe| sf|}e| bf qbeo}feo vo cebeolf qi|h}hti7 }fomso uvfholvsshs fo ebkvoi| li|}i| d|lebf|" }fomso uvf `imhdles bftf`fo}f fb sh}`i mf be| hotfs|hiof|" qfsi ebeski qbewi qimso elfbfses fb sh}`i mf be| keoeolhe|/Fo f|}f `i`fo}i `| uvf vo qsf|hmfo}f li`qsi`f}hmi lio be qew" bi uvf }fof`i| f| e vo f|}ecbflh`hfo}ine|}hemi mf bi| li|}i| flio`hli| mf be kvfsse" vo f|
}ecbflh`hfo}i uvf |f `f}h be `eoi eb cib|hbbi qesekeseo}hwes fb doeolhe`hfo}i mf mhfw ei| mf be kvfsse
Voho Qe}sh}hle7 @ith`hfo}iqib}hli |vskhmi fo 58>6 esew mf be| Elvfsmi| mf BeVshcf lio be| DESL/ \fse
mf|mf |v lsfelho cbeoli mfb`hbh}esh|`i" uvf qsel}hl vo
kfoilhmhi qib}hli lio}se fbbe/H`ekfo7 n}}q7))f|/{hjhqfmhe/isk){hjh)
Voh&L
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`| lsvfo}e x li|}i|e mf be nh|}ishe mfb qe|" xuvf oi li|flni bi sv}i| uvf f|qfsece/ Enise"eo}f fb cii` `hofsi" eo}f be qi|hchbhmem mff~qbi}elho `e|hte mfb eksi" eo}f be qfs|qfl}htemf ho|fslho ho}fsoelhioeb `fmheo}f bi| ]BL"bi| el}isf| sfebf| mf qimfs qsf|hioeo qese uvffb kichfsoi mf }vsoi tvfbte e be `f|e mf ofkilhelho" evouvf oi f|}o mh|qvf|}i| e qfs`h}hs
bi| svhmi| mf voe |ilhfmem lhthb uvf uvhfsee`qbhes be qfs|qfl}hte mf be ofkilhelho" uvf be|euvf mfb |h`qbf icgf}hti mf be mf|`ithbhwelhomf bi| ebwemi| fo es`e| x be qsixfl}f nelhe voe}seo|is`elho mf be flioi`e" mfb fgfslhlhi mfbqimfs qib}hli" mf be iskeohwelho mfb }fssh}ishi"mfb |fo}hmi mf be| sfbelhiof| ho}fsoelhioebf|7 be|lis}e| hse| mfb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i |iqis}eseo bi|li|}i| mf be ofkilhelho" qfsi |hf`qsf uvf f|}i|
|feo bh`h}emi|" }eo}i fo fb }hf`qi li`i fo be `imhdlelho mf be| f|}svl}vse| mf qimfs: |h |f f~}sebh`h}eo |f bfteo}eso mf be ofkilhelho" hotfo}eomilvebuvhfs f~lv|e" x bvfki bi nes fb kichfsoi qese mes be h`qsf|ho mf uvf |iobi| ebwemi| fo es`e| bi| uvf |hf`qsf cihli}feo fb qsilf|i/
Fo fb qsilf|i mf qew uvf |f hohlhe" be |ilhfmem libi`cheoe mfcf }fofslbesi uvf be hoth}elho mfb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i e folio}ses |ebhme| eb liohl}ies`emi cv|le fo cvfoe `fmhme lio|}svhs vo e`chfo}f mf |fkvshmem qib}hle x gvsmhle qese be| hotfs|hiof|7 be kvfsse ho}fsoe f| vo h`qvf|}i `vxeb}i uvf be| lbe|f| mi`hoeo}f| oi f|}o mh|qvf|}e| e |fkvhs qekeomi/ Beqi|hlho mf voe |ilhfmem lio|lhfo}f mf be qi}folhebhmem }seo|is`emise mfbi| elfsle`hfo}i| mf qew" mfcf iswes e be e`qbhelho mf be `f|e mf mhbikix e be holbv|ho mf |fl}isf| |ilhebf|" `e| ebb mf bi| lb|hli| el}isf| mf qimfs fb kichfsoi" bi| ksf`hi| flio`hli|" bi| `hbh}esf| f" holbv|i" be qsiqhekvfsshbbe: voe qi|hlho mf hwuvhfsme mfcf ho|h|}hs fo uvf be bbetf mf be qewoi f|} fo `eoi| |bi mf bi| lio}fomhfo}f|" |hoi uvf mf|leo|e mf `eofsesfeb fo be |ilhfmem thl}h`hweme qis fb }fssish|`i mf F|}emi x ne|}heme mf bef~qbi}elho flio`hle" be f~lbv|ho qib}hle x be mi`hoelho ho}fsoelhioeb/
Fo fb qsilf|i mf qew uvf |fhohlhe" be |ilhfmem libi`-
cheoe mfcf }fofs lbesi uvfbe hoth}elho mfb f|}ecbflh-`hfo}i e folio}ses |ebhme|eb liodhl}i es`emi cv|le
fo cvfoe `fmhme lio|}svhsvo e`chfo}f mf |fkvshmem
qib}hle x gvsmhle qesebe| hotfs|hiof|7 be kvfsse
ho}fsoe f| vo h`qvf|}i `vxeb}i uvf be| lbe|f| mi`h-
oeo}f| oi f|}o mh|qvf|}e|e |fkvhs qekeomi/
Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
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Y54
Dhb|idiQsidf|is mfb Ho|}h}v}i
Ebcfs}i @fseoh
Kfsesmi Eomsemf
Fo be nh|}ishe nv`eoe" be }hle x be qib}hle neoeqesflhmi e `fovmi eo}ekohle|/ Fo be bh}fse
}vse" qis fgf`qbi" @isho .3114( }sef e lvfo}i be iqi|hlho mf Eo}kioe e Lsfio}f/ Fbbe sfhthomhle bi| tebisf|sfbhkhi|i| x se}fsoi|" fo oi`csf mf bi| lvebf| eds`e fbmfsflni mf |v nfs`eoi e |fs fo}fssemi" `hfo}se| uvf bsfqsf|fo}e be |icfseoe mfb F|}emi x ne qsinhchmi uvf |fbf m |fqvb}vse e Qibhohlf5/ Be iqi|hlho mf Eo}kioe
5 Eo}kioe fse nfs`eoe mf F}filbf| x Qibhohlf/ E be
`vfs}f mf Fmhqi" |}i| mfceo }vsoes|f fb qimfs
fo ]fce|/ \ho f`ceski" F}filbf| si`qf fb elvfsmi
x qsf}fomf qfsqf}ves|f li`i sfx/ Qibhohlf cv|le
|ibhmeshmem fo be lhvmem mf Eski| x e}ele e ]fce|:
fo be ce}ebbe" bi| nfs`eoi| |f meo `vfs}f fo}sf |"
mfchmi e bi lveb Lsfio}f" }i mf }imi| fbbi|" e|v`f
fb `eomi x liomfoe e Qibhohlf qis necfs e}elemi
e |v qsiqhe lhvmem/ Fb le|}hki lio|h|}f fo uvf fb
lemtfs mf Qibhohlf oi qvfmf sflhchs |fqvb}vse" bi
uvf |hkohle uvf |v eb`e fsses f}fsoe`fo}f" nis-sis uvf fth}e Eo}kioe eb fo}fsses fb lvfsqi/
Mf Eo}kioeeb qsilf|i mf qewEqvo}f| qese voe mh|lv|ho
|icsf }hle x qib}hle
Qese `h| f|}vmheo}f| mf be e|hkoe}vse mf}hle x }se|lfomfolhe 3153
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Lioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
lev|e |v qsiqhe `vfs}f x me bvkes eb mf|folemfoe`hfo}i mf be }sekfmhe" eb doeb mfbe lveb Lsfio}f uvfme li`qbf}e`fo}f |ibi x |f me lvfo}e mf uvf li`f}h vo ksetffssis eb mffomfs fb ismfo f|}ecbflhmi |ho lio|hmfses be qes}hlvbeshmem mf be |h}velho/
Qese Eo}kioe" be| bfxf| mhthoe| f|}o qis folh`e mf be| bfxf| mfb F|}emi/ Nesfksf|emi e ]fce| mf|qv| mf lvhmes mf |v qemsf Fmhqi fo |v mf|}hfssi fsseo}f xovfte`fo}f f| tl}h`e mf be mf|kselhe/ El}e qis e`is" f| |v vfswe be uvf be bbftee lissfs lvebuvhfs shf|ki" e esio}es |v qsiqhi |elshdlhi" li`i mflbese fo vo qe|egfmf be icse7 Oi nf oelhmi qese li`qes}hs fb imhi" |hoi fb e`is/ Fo fbbe |f nelfofthmfo}f| }ime| be| ho|}eolhe| uvf li`qis}e voe }hle qsiqhe" voe ev}i}hle" li`ibe mfoi`hoe Fmkes @isho .3114(/ Evouvf |f f~qiof e `ishs" f| homvmecbf uvf |fe`e e | `h|`e" qvf| ne mflhmhmi `ishs lio kbishe" li`i bf lecf e vo lhvmemeoi"x e`e e |v nfs`eoi Qibhohlf" e| li`i e` e |v qemsf x e |v `emsf/ \ecf chfo biuvf h`qbhle |v liomhlho mf `vgfs fo voe |ilhfmem uvf qshthbfkhe e bi| ni`csf|: f|lio|lhfo}f mf bi uvf |hkohdle thths fo voe lvb}vse qe}shesleb x" qis bi }eo}i" lioilfbe `ekoh}vm mf |v ho`hofo}f le|}hki/ Qf|f e }imi" sfebhwe |v qsiq|h}i qisuvf fo bne lhsemi |v }se|lfomfolhe/
Xi" qis `h qes}f" fo}fsses e Qibhohlf/ \fs nfs`i|i qese ` `ishs lv`-
qbhfomi f|f mfcfs/ E| sfqi|es gvo}i e b" e`eo}f nfs`eoe lio fb e`emi
54 mf oithf`csf mf 58>6/ Beowe`hfo}i mf be Voho Qe}sh}hle li`i qes}hmi qib}hli/ H`ekfo mf7 n}}q7))lmo/mhqh}x/li`)vqbiem|)ftfo}|)5l1el8lm6
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Y5>
nfs`eoi: sfcfbmf x |eo}e qis lv`qbhs lio
}imi| `h| mfcfsf| qhemi|i|: uvf `| lvfo}e
`f }hfof mes kv|}i e bi| uvf f|}o ecegi" uvf
e bi| uvf f|}o euv esshce" qvf| qese |hf`qsf
}foki uvf mf|leo|es cegi }hfsse/
Lsfio}f ne }i`emi qes}hmi qis be| bfxf| mf belhvmem x cv|le uvf |f icfmfwleo lhfke`fo}f/ Qese b
oi h`qis}e fb e`is se}fsoi" evo lveomi |v qsiqhinhgi" Nf`o" f| fb qsi`f}hmi mf Eo}kioe x |}e f||v |icshoe/ \v el}h}vm f|} mf}fs`hoeme qis bfxf| uvfb `h|`i qsf}fomf ho`v}ecbf| f holvf|}hioecbf|/
Qis `h qes}f lio|hmfsi" nix li`i exfs" vo
`eb kicfsoeo}f eb uvf fo fb kichfsoi mf voe
lhvmem oi |ecf emiq}es be| mflh|hiof| `|
lvfsme| x mfge uvf fb `hfmi" qis bi| `i}hti|
uvf |feo" bf folemfof be bfokve: x eb uvf f|-}h`f `| e vo e`hki uvf e |v qsiqhe qe}she"
e |f bi }foki li`i vo |fs mf|qsflhecbf/ Uvf
Wfv| f}fsoi" f|lsv}emis mf }ime| be| li|e|"
`f ihke% Ge`| qe|es fo |hbfolhi fb mei uvf
e`foewe e `h| lhvmemeoi|" x ovole }foms
qis e`hki e vo fof`hki mfb qe|/ Lsfi" fo
fdfl}i" uvf be |ebtelho mf be qe}she f| ovf|}se
|ebtelho x uvf ovole oi| deb}eso e`hki|
`hfo}se| ovf|}se oetf le`hof kicfsoemelio
sfl}i }h`o/
Fo shkis" Lsfio}f el}e mf elvfsmi lio vo h`qfse}hti `iseb uvf qsithfof mf voe vfo}f |ilheb" f~}fsoe eb h|`i/ @vx }esmf" e f~qfo|e| mfb emhthoi ]hsf|he| xmfb lisi mf eolheoi|" li`qsfomf uvf ne li`f}hmi voksetf fssis uvf qsitiles mf|kselhe| oi |bi e b" |hoie }ime ]fce|" x }se}e mf fo`fomes |v ellho" qfsi fbmf|}hoi xe |f ne lv`qbhmi/
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che
In" hssfqesecbf| x `is}ebf| fssisf| mf `h
`fo}f f~}setheme% In ti|i}si| uvf tfh| eb
`e}emis x e be tl}h`e mf |v qsiqhe |eoksf%
In" |fo}folhe| bbfoe| mf mf`folhe% En" nhgi
`i7 `vfsf| fo }v gvtfo}vm" mf voe `vfs}f
qsf`e}vse" x }v vfs}f" ex%" oi ne |hmi lev|e-
me qis voe bilvse }vxe" |hoi qis be `e%
Fb lisi mf eolheoi| mf ]fce| |fo}folhe eb doeb7
Be qsvmfolhe f| lio `vlni be qsh`fse
dvfo}f mf tfo}vse/ Oi |f mfcf |fs h`qi lio
bi| mhi|f|/ Be| qebecse| ho|ibfo}f| x eb}eofse|
be| qekeo lio kseomf| hodis}vohi| bi| f|qsh}v|
iskvbbi|i|" uvf oi eqsfomfo e }fofs gvhlhi |hoi
lveomi bbfkeo be| }esme| nise| mf be tfgfw/
Tfho}hlholi |hkbi| mf|qv| mf f|lsh}e x sfqsf|fo}emebe }sekfmhe kshfke" fo vo qbeoi mh|}ho}i" fo Libi`che" bi| qvfcbi| homkfoe| mfb Levle neo f~hkhmi fbsf}hsi mf be kvfsse mf |v| }fssh}ishi|" fb sf|qf}i e |v|mfsflni| }fssh}ishebf| x lvb}vsebf|" mf ev}ioi`e"lio|vb}e" hmfo}hmem" mhkohmem x sf|qf}i e be| ois`e|mfb Mfsflni Ho}fsoelhioeb Nv`eoh}eshi3/ Xe oi f|voe qfs|ioe uvf bvlne qis voe `vfs}f mhkoe: f| volibfl}hti fb uvf cv|le voe thme mhkoe/ X fo oi`csfmf uvho oi| f|}o necbeomi9 Xi `f e}sftfse e mflhsuvf bi nelfo fo oi`csf mf be nv`eohmem" }eo}i li`ifo oi`csf qsiqhi x }eo}i li`i fo oi`csf mf voeLio|}h}vlho lvxi| qsholhqhi| f|}o leme tfw `| bfgi|mf nelfs|f sfebhmem/ X uv f| bi uvf bi| ho|qhse9 Li`ie Eo}kioe" fb mibis x fb e`is7
3 @eohf|}i qis be Qew mf Libi`che/
4 x ; mf oithf`csf mf 58>6/Vo li`eomi kvfsshbbfsi mfb@-58 |f }i`e fb Qebelhi mfGv|}hlhe" lio be ho}folho mfgvwkes e Cfbh|eshi Cf}eolvs
qis fb holv`qbh`hfo}i mf bi|elvfsmi| mf qew x sfho|fslho/
Be }i`e }fs`hoe lio fbholfomhi mf be fmhlelho x be`e|elsf mf 8> qfs|ioe|" fo-
}sf fbbe|" 55 `ekh|}semi|/ 51qfs|ioe| | }e`cho vfsio
mf|eqesflhme| mvseo}f besf}i`e qis qes}f mfb fgslh}ilibi`cheoi/]i`emi mf7 n}}q7))sfmellhio/be`vbe/qf)3155)55)16)
fb-gff-`e~h`i-mf-be|-esl-ebio|i-
leoi-fo-h`ekfof|)seefbqiol
Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
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Oi oi| te`i| e uvfmes mf csewi| lsvwemi| `hseomi li`i oi|
`e}eo x mf|}svxfo ovf|}si| }fssh}ishi|" li`vohmemf|" qbeof| mf thme
x ovf|}si qsilf|i iskeohwe}hti/ Qis f|}i" fosehwemi| fo be qebecse" be
sewo" fb sf|qf}i x be mhkohmem" hohlhe`i| e le`hoes fo ksvqi| ne|}e
miomf f|}o e}sholnfsemi| bi| ksvqi| x fgslh}i| es`emi|" qese mflhs-
bf| dsfo}f e dsfo}f uvf" fo fb `esli mf be ev}ioi`e uvf oi| e|h|}f"
bf| f~hkh`i| uvf |f texeo" uvfoibi|uvfsf`i|" uvfoi|leo|e`i|mfbe`vfs}f" uvff|}ofuvhtilemi|" uvfoi|mfgfoththsfoqew/.ELHO7 Les}e
e bi| ksvqi| es`emi|" 8 mf gvbhi mf 3153(
E f|f sflbe`i fb kichfsoi ne sf|qiomhmi mf|mf fb kichfsoi `h|`i" f| mflhs" mf|mf |v qsiqhe f hoeb}fsecbf bkhle" mf|mf be| ho|}h}vlhiof| f|}ecbflhme|"li`i bi nelf Lsfio}f fo be }sekfmhe kshfke/ Ne elv|emi eb `ith`hfo}i mff|}es hodb}semi qis be| Desl" li`i xe bi ne nflni lio|vf}vmhoeshe`fo}f/Uv cv|le lio f|i9 \ho mvme" mf|qiges eb `ith`hfo}i mf lvebuvhfs vome`fo}i }hli" `hoh`hwes" holbv|i fbh`hoes |v lio}fohmi se}fsoi x nv`eoi"holvbqomibi mf ebhes|f lio fb }fssish|`i/ Be| mflbeselhiof| mfb @hoh|}si mf
Mffo|e |io lio}vomfo}f|7
F|e| iskeohwelhiof| }fssish|}e| neo iq}emi qis }se}es mf `ithbh-
wes|f nelhe fb `ith`hfo}i mf `e|e| x neo eqesflhmi }i`e| li`i be
}eb @eslne Qe}sh}hle" uvf xi | qvfmi mflhsbi lio lbeshmem" uvf oemhf
|f fuvhtiuvf uvf f|} oeolhemi fo cvfoe `fmhme qis be kvfsshbbe
mf be| Desl/ F|}o }se}eomi mf nelfs v}hbhwelho" qfof}selho" |h uvf
uvhfsf fo lvebuvhfs `ith`hfo}i mf qsi}f|}e |ilheb qese ho}fksesbi| e
|v el}hthmem/
Nix li`i exfs" fb kicfsoeo}f sflvssf e be dkvse mf fof`hki| mfb qe|qese gv|}hdles |v| ellhiof| x mf|bfkh}h`es e bi| lhvmemeoi| uvf |f iqiofo e|v| `fmhme| mf kvfsse/ Fo |v th|ho cbhle oi qvfmf necfs |fo}h`hfo}i| |hoiqis be qe}she: lvebuvhfs i}si |fo}h`hfo}i sf|vb}e |vctfs|hti" li`i |vctfs|htifse fb e`is mf Eo}kioe qis |v nfs`eoi/ Li`i Lsfio}f fo |v lfkvfse" oisflioilf |hoi fb e`is qis be qe}she: oh voe |ibe qebecse mf efl}i qese bi|lhvmemeoi|/ Oh voe liomibfolhe qese be| tl}h`e| homkfoe| uvf |vsfo bethibfolhe" qfsi" f|i |" vo f~nhchlhioh|`i eseomvbfsi qis be sf|h|}folhe mf vo|ibmemi uvf bbise eb |fs f~qvb|emi mfb }fssh}ishi eolf|}seb/ Fo be qsfo|e" oh vo
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che
|ibi }h}vbes uvf m lvfo}e mfb e|f|hoe}i mf lhvmemeoi| homkfoe| e `eoi| mfbe| vfswe| `hbh}esf|/
X be| Desl9 Qvf| f|}f qvfcbi ne }fohmi be mf|kselhe mf oi }fofs voi" |hoimi| Lsfio}f| x" qfis eo" fosfo}emi| fo}sf |/ Bi| li`eomeo}f| sfcfbmf| |f`vf|}seo hkveb`fo}f ho|fo|hcbf| eb mibis nv`eoi: gv|}hdleo |v| e}euvf| ebe qicbelho lhthb lio fb eskv`fo}i mf uvf ebkvoi| homkfoe| |io l`qbhlf|mf bi| `hbh}esf|/
fo voe fssofe x fokei|e ho}fsqsf}elho mf be Ev}ioi`e"lhfs}i| mhshkfo}f| thfofo |f`cseomi imhi| fo bi| li`vofsi| x qsi-
`vftfo fo be| e|e`cbfe| fb f|qsh}v liodsio}elhioeb" oi |ibi lio}se
be qsf|folhe kvfsshbbfse" |hoi }e`cho lio}se bi| qsiqhi| nfs`eoi|
homkfoe| uvf |f ebfgeo mf |v| qib}hle| qsilbhtf| eb F|}emi/ Fo f|e
mhsfllho qsi`vftfo ellhiof| ni|}hbf| uvf }fs`hoeo nelhfomi mf be|
kvesmhe| homkfoe| voe `fse f~}fo|ho mf bi| lvfsqi| qibhleli| mfb
F|}ecbflh`hfo}i/ .@fo|egf mfb Li`eomi Liogvo}i mf Illhmfo}f mf
be| Desl e bi| homkfoe| mfb Levle" `eswi mf 3153/(
Evouvf nelf ebkvoi| ei|" qis be qsf|ho mf bi| qvfcbi| homkfoe|
mfb Levle" |f li`qsi`f}hfsio e oi e}eles e be qicbelho lhthb" be|
Desl }fs`hoesio qis oi lv`qbhs |v qsi`f|e x lio}hovesio sflbv}eomi
le`qf|hoi| f homkfoe| fo lio}se mf be tibvo}em mf voe li`vohmem
mflhmhme e thths fo qew/ Fo |v bbe`e`hfo}i" be iskeohwelho mf f|}i|
b}h`i| nece mflbesemi7
F| qi|hcbf uvf v|}fmf| }fokeo mf|mf nelf }hf`qi be fodfs`f-
mem mfb `hbh}esh|`i x mf be thibfolhe |ho lio}fohmi x oi |f nexeo memi
lvfo}e/ F|e fodfs`fmem f| be uvf nelf uvf fb \flsf}eshemi mhke uvf
teo e sf|qf}es be ev}ioi`e" x |ho f`ceski |v| `eomi| `fmhi|" |v|
li`ce}hfo}f| x `hbhlheoi| nekeo i}se li|e/ F| uvf e be kfo}f uvf bbfte
}eo}i }hf`qi fo be kvfsse bf qesflf ois`eb uvf |h ebkvhfo |f sice voe
kebbhoe" i liotfs|e `vx mvsi" i necbe lio vo dvolhioeshi mfb kichfsoi"
i |h |f mvfs`f fo be kvesmhe" i qhfo|e lio}seshi eb uvf `eome fo fb
qvfcbi" nex uvf dv|hbesbi qis ismfo mf vo li`eomeo}f" |ho mfsflni e
mfdfomfs|f x |ho qimfs |ecfs mf uv bi elv|eo/ .E|ilhelho mf Le-
chbmi| Homkfoe| mfb Ois}f mfb Levle .ELHO(" les}e eb li`eomeo}f
]h`ilnfoji(/
Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
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E`ce| }sekfmhe| be mf exfs fo ]fce| x be mf nix fo Libi`che mfgeo
lbesi uvf be qsfilvqelho mf be qib}hle |io be| ho|}h}vlhiof|" `hfo}se| uvfbe mf be }hle |io be| qfs|ioe|/ Be| ho|}h}vlhiof| keseo}hweo" fo vo |fo}hmi" belio}hovhmem mf be| liouvh|}e| libfl}hte| ebleoweme|: |ho mvme" fb F|}emi sfqsf|fo}e be| e|qhselhiof| mf vo qvfcbi fo vo `i`fo}i memi" qfsi }e`cho"li`i }ime| be| lsfelhiof| nv`eoe|" qvfmf foegfoes|f" mf lsfemi qvfmfliotfs}hs|f fo lsfemis/ Bi| |fsf| nv`eoi| qimf`i| bbfkes e |fs qi|fmi| qisovf|}se| lsfelhiof| uvf |f emvfeo mf oi|i}si| lveomi lsff`i| mh|qiofsmf fbbe|/ Qis i}si bemi" |io be| qfs|ioe| be| uvf |vsfo qis be kvfsse" be| uvfqekeo lio |v thme vo liohl}i uvf nelf `vlni }hf`qi oi sfqsf|fo}e |v|
ho}fsf|f|: |io be| e`hbhe| be| uvf |f mf|ho}fkseo" be| uvf qhfsmfo be iqis}vohmem mf lio|}svhs shuvfwe: |io bi| gtfof| uvhfof| |f uvfmeo |ho iqlhiof|mf v}vsi/
]eo}i be| ho|}h}vlhiof| li`i be| sfhthomhlelhiof| mf be| qfs|ioe| |f qvfmfo qfstfs}hs x }fs`hoes chfo fo vo ev}ish}esh|`i lsflhfo}f" chfo fo vo}fssish|`i mf|qhememi/ \f qfsthfs}f fb F|}emi lveomi sf|kvesme bi| ho}fsf|f| mf voi| lveo}i| cegi be `|lese mf ois`e| lio|}h}vlhioebf|" lveomi"fo oi`csf mf be qe}she" fgfslf fb }fssish|`i lio}se bi| lhvmemeoi|" lveomiho}fslfq}e be| li`vohlelhiof| mf qfshimh|}e|" gvflf|" bmfsf| |ilhebf| x kfo}fmfb li`o: lveomi hkoise bi| mfsflni| nv`eoi|" lveomi" fo |v`e" qhfsmffb |fo}hmi mf nv`eohmem/ \f qfsthfs}fo be| sfhothomhlelhiof| |ilhebf| f homhthmvebf| lveomi be| ellhiof| mf sf|h|}folhe licseo be is`e mf }fssish|`i"lveomi be| iskeohwelhiof| mf bvlne lio}se fb evish}esh|`i qhfsmfo be |fo|hchbhmem x lveomi mfge mf |fs fb e`is |v qsholhqeb `i}htelho/
Be homfqfomfolhe qib}hle mf bi| homkfoe| f| hol`ime }eo}i qese beho|}h}vlhioebhmem es`eme li`i qese be kvfsshbbe" gv|}e`fo}f qisuvf nelffthmfo}f| be| lesfolhe| mf be qib}hle" qisuvf mf|ee fb ismfo uvf voe x
i}se cv|leo lio|fstes/ Be qib}hle }semhlhioeb fo be lveb nex uvf holbvhsbe qib}hle mf be| Desl x bi| mf`| ksvqi| kvfsshbbfsi| oi }hfof hmfe|/ Fb
Libv`oe mf ho|vskfo}f| mf be| DESL mvseo}f be lio|}h}vlho mf be Liismhoemise Kvfsshbbfse \h`oCibtes/ H`ekfo7 n}}q7)){{{/ecqoi}hlhe|/li )cibf}hoY}f`qiseb)h`ekf|)lio}fohmi)cfbhkfseolheYle|eYtfsmfk/gqk
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qfo|e`hfo}i qib}hli el}veb fo Libi`che x f|}i f| tbhmi qese bi| mi| ceomi| te e sf`ibuvf mfb qfo|e`hfo}i flio`hli x mfb qfo|e`hfo}i `hbh}es/Qfsi" |icsf }imi" be qib}hle fo Libi`che ne cv|lemi vome`fo}i fo be`iseb uvf" li`i bi mhlf |v f}h`ibike" f| li|}v`csf" f| qsf}fomfs lfhs|f etebisf| uvf |f qsf}fomfo vohtfs|ebf| f ho`imhdlecbf|/ Qfis eo" ne sflvsshmie voe `isebhoe uvf" li`i mhlf @isho .3114(" gvwke x liomfoe fo ths}vmmf lsh}fshi| f~}fshisf| i |vqfsdlhebf| mf `isebhmem" be `isebhoe |f eqsiqhemfb Chfo x }seo|is`e fo iqi|hlho fo}sf chfo x `eb bi uvf fo sfebhmem f| vo
liohl}i mf tebisf|/ Be `isebhoe nelf uvf |f gvwkvf e bi| emtfs|eshi| li`iqfs|ioe| v iskeohwelhiof| homhkoe| mf |fs f|lvlneme|/
Oi f| `vx qsicecbf uvf be mflh|ho mf cv|les be qew lio bi| ksvqi|es`emi| uvf ne }i`emi fb el}veb kichfsoi }foke vo vome`fo}i }hli/Qis bi `foi|" |}f oi |f folvfo}se fo be| mflbeselhiof| uvf liods`esiobi| elfsle`hfo}i| lio be| Desl/ Qsh`e vo bfokvegf uvf kvesme mh|}eolhe|meomi e fo}fomfs uvf |f nes fb ho}fo}i" qfsi uvf |h oi sf|vb}e fb qe| oiqfsmfs oeme" lveomi bi lhfs}i f| uvf qfsmfs }imi |h sfqsimvlf bi| b}h`i|lholvfo}e ei|/ F| `|" fb `hoh|}si mf Mffo|e |i|}hfof uvf fb qsf|vqvf|}i
qese be kvfsse mfcf lio|fstes|f e| |}e bbfkvf e |v do/ Qis enise" oi nexfthmfolhe| mf vo qfo|e`hfo}i qib}hli uvf sfhthomhuvf be| |ibhmeshmemf|" uvfsfnv`eohlf be| lhvmemf| x uvf sfth}ebhlf fb `vomi svseb/
Qis f|i" f| enise lveomi be }hle }hfof }imi qese mflhs/ F| euv miomfbi| lhvmemeoi| qvfmfo mi}es fb qsilf|i mf qew mf |ibhmeshmemf| liolsf}e| xththme|" mf qfs|ioe e qfs|ioe x fo}sf ksvqi| x qfs|ioe|/ F| be iqis}vohmemmf sflvqfses be| vfo}f| c|hle| mf be }hle: be homhthmveb" be |ilheb x be mfbe f|qflhf" sfqsf|fo}eme fo be nh|}ishe x be lvb}vse/ Be se}fsohmem" fb e`is"fb |fo}hmi mf nv`eohmem }fomso uvf }i`es|f be| lebbf| x be| ho|}h}vlhiof|qis e|eb}i/ F| homh|qfo|ecbf uvf oi|i}si|" bi| lhvmemeoi|" mi}f`i| mf volio}fohmi }hli e voe eqvf|}e qib}hle/ F| `|" f| be nise mf uvf be }hleli`eomf e be qib}hle/
Sfdfsfolhe|@isho" F/ .3114(/ Fb`}imi/ }hle/ @emshm7 L}Fmse/
Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
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Flioi`h|}e@ek|}fs fo
F|}vmhi| Qib}hli|Milfo}f vohtfs|h}eshe
\eomseLesibhoe Cev}h|}e
Fb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i mf voe `f|e mf mhbiki|fo}sf be ho|vskfolhe mf be| Dvfswe| Es`eme|Sftibvlhioeshe| mf Libi`che x fb kichfsoi mf Gveo@eovfb \eo}i| |f ne liotfs}hmi fo fb qvo}i lfo}sebmf be mh|lv|ho qib}hle/ Fo}sf }eo mhtfs|e| qi|}vse|"|vskf lio vfswe be qsfkvo}e qis lvbf| |io be| mhf
sfolhe| |v|}eolhebf| fo}sf f|}f x i}si| ho}fo}i| fo bec|uvfme mhebikeme mf be qew/ Ne|}e fb `i`fo}i" be|sf|qvf|}e| neo i|lhbemi fo}isoi e be leqelhmem `hbh}esmf be| iskeohwelhiof| fo lio}hfome fo be liosio}elhoes`eme" fb lesl}fs x thechbhmem mf be ho|}h}vlhioebhmemuvf ne tfohmi lsfeomi fb kichfsoi mf \eo}i| mf lese ebi| mhbiki| i be tebiselho |icsf fb `i`fo}i flio`hli fo fb qe|/
Vo fbf`fo}i vome`fo}eb oi ne |hmi holisqisemi|vdlhfo}f`fo}f fo be mh|lv|ho" |hfomi lesmhoeb qesevchles qes}hlvbeshmemf| mf f|}f ovfti `i`fo}i mfmhbiki| mf qew" e |ecfs" be mho`hle mf bvlne |ilheb xqiqvbes" uvf me vo leshw mh|}ho}i e be| liotfs|elhiof|mf qew e mf|essibbes|f fo Be Neceoe x fo I|bi/ Oi f|f|}f vo e|qfl}i mf `fsi lio}f~}i" |hoi uvf qis fb lio}seshi qvfmf gvkes vo qeqfb mf}fs`hoeo}f fo fb hohlhi xmf|essibbi mf bi| mhbiki|" }eb x li`i ne ilvsshmi lio
teshe| f~qfshfolhe| fo Ovf|}se E`shle Be}hoe/
Bvlne |ilheb x qiqvbesfo bi| mhbiki| mf qew
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5/ Fb `i`fo}i mf bvlne qiqvbes
Be mho`hle mf bvlne |ilheb x qiqvbes fo fb qe| f| vo fbf`fo}i uvf `eslee`qbhe| mhfsfolhe| lio fb qsilf|i mf mhbiki mfb Lekvo" sfebhwemi fo}sf 5888 x3113/ @hfo}se| uvf e doebf| mf bi| oitfo}e be liolbv|ho kfofsebhweme |icsf bi|`ith`hfo}i| |ilhebf| fse be ekvme lsh|h| qis be uvf e}setf|eceo" fo bi| ebcisf| mfbe mleme mfb mhfw mfb |hkbi ^^H |f nelf fthmfo}f vo qsilf|i mf sfli`qi|hlho
x is}ebflh`hfo}i mf be bvlne |ilheb" uvf" evouvf oi f| ni`ikofi" |h qfs`h}fmh|lv}hs be }se|lfomfolhe uvf qvfmf }fofs fo voe mho`hle mf mhbiki| qis be qewlio gv|}hlhe |ilheb/
\fko @evshlhi Eslnhbe5" eb hohlhes fb |hkbi ^^H bi| el}isf| libfl}hti| |f lesel}fshweceo qis vo qsfleshi qeqfb fo }seo|is`elhiof| mf iomi" vo eb}i ksemi mfmh|qfs|ho fo be| bvlne|" lio qsh`ele mf be| mf`eome| qes}hlvbesf|" iskeohwelhiof|qili sfqsf|fo}e}hte|" lio f|le|i| `fleoh|`i| mf liismhoelho x uvf" e bi |v`i"qes}hlhqeceo fo liotfskfolhe| }f`qisebf| mf}fs`hoeme| qis el}isf| qib}hli| xflio`hli| f~}fsoi|" mfgeomi li`i kseo sf|vb}emi be hof~h|}folhe mf `ith`hfo}i||ilhebf| vfs}f|/
Mhfw ei| mf|qv|" ebkvoi| mf f|}i| qsicbf`e| qfs|h|}fo" qfsi teshi| fbf`fo}i|fthmfolheo voe mho`hle mf le`chi" sflioilhfomi }e`cho uvf |f }se}e mf voqsilf|i bfo}i" mf|hkveb x eo fo lvs|i/ Mf|mf bi lveo}h}e}hti x |fko me}i| mfbLfo}si mf Hotf|}hkelho x Fmvlelho Qiqvbes LHOFQ" fb o`fsi mf ellhiof|mf qsi}f|}e |f ne holsf`fo}emi bi beski mf bi| b}h`i| uvholf ei|" qe|eomi mf`foi| mf uvhohfo}e| fo 588> e qili `| mf ilnilhfo}e| fo 3151" lio mi| qhli|
5 @evshlhi Eslnhbe/ Libi`che fo fb le`chi mf |hkbi7 el}isf| |ilhebf|" kvfsse xqib}hle/ Fo7 Sfth|}e Ovfte \ilhfmem" Oi/ 5>3
Gehsi Lebti .Fsof|}i Sige|(" Gino Ekvmfbi Si|" I|les [hbbhe` Lebti x Cfsoesmi Kv}hssfw" mvseo}f be
s`e mf bi| elvfsmi| mf lf|f eb vfki fo}sf fb Kichfsoi Oelhioeb x fb FQB" 3= mf eki|}i mf 58>=/H`ekfo mf7 n}}q7))i|les{hbbhe`lebti/cbik|qi}/li`)311=)18)bi|-ni`csf|-mf-qew-x-mf-kvfsse/n} b
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h`qis}eo}f| fo 5888 x 311;" f|}f b}h`i lio fb `exis o`fsi mf ftfo}i|/\h chfo oi |f lvfo}e eo lio fb me}i qese 3155" f| fthmfo}f uvf lio}hoe fbe|lfo|i" ic|fstecbf fo be mho`hle mfb `ith`hfo}i f|}vmheo}hb" be| bvlne|qis fb }fssh}ishi qsi}ekiohweme| qis homkfoe| x le`qf|hoi|" qis }seo|qis}fqcbhli mhkoi fo ebkvoe| mf be| qsholhqebf| lhvmemf|" i qis liomhlhiof| mf}secegi folecfweme| qis }secegemisf| mfb |fl}is `hofsi fofsk}hli/
@| ebb mf bi lveo}h}e}hti" i}si| fbf`fo}i| mf ismfo iskohli" qsikse`}hli x sfbe}hti| e bi| sfqfs}ishi| mf liosio}elho" mfgeo lbesi uvf ebkvoi|
mf bi| `ith`hfo}i| |ilhebf| libi`cheoi| |f folvfo}seo fo qsilf|i mf is}ebflh`hfo}i/ Bi qsh`fsi }hfof uvf tfs lio be lvebhdlelho fo be leqelhmem mf`ithbhwelho x liosio}elho" ic|fstecbf qis fb |i|}foh`hfo}i mf be| ellhiof| libfl}hte| e bi beski mfb }hf`qi" lio le|i| sfkhioebf|" li`i be bvlne mfbi| }secegemisf| mfb |fl}is `hofsi fofsk}hli i be| }i`e| e fo}hmemf| e ohtfbbileb/ Li`i |fkvomi fbf`fo}i" fb |i|}foh`hfo}i mf }ebf| ellhiof| qfs`h}ffb is}ebflh`hfo}i mf be vohmem mf ellho x be lio|}svllho qsikse`}hle"}eb x li`i ne ilvsshmi lio teshi| |fl}isf| mfb `ith`hfo}i le`qf|hoi fhomkfoe uvf neo eteowemi fo fbeciselhiof| li`i be| Wioe| mf Sf|fste
Le`qf|hoe i fo be liolfq}vebhwelho mfb }fssh}ishi x bi }fssh}isheb/Voe }fslfse lio|hmfselho f|} fo be lio|}svllho mf sffsfo}f| voh}e
shi| e qes}hs mf qsilf|i| sfkhioebf| x mf ce|f"}eo}i |fl}isheb" li`i be @f|e E`qbhe OelhioebF|}vmheo}hb" @EOF" fo fb `ith`hfo}i f|}vmheo}hb vohtfs|h}eshi" li`i fo liotfskfolhe| mfiskeohwelhiof| |ilhebf| x qiqvbesf| fo }isoi eqsixfl}i| qib}hli| libfl}hti|" li`i fb Lioksf|i mf bi| Qvfcbi| i be @eslne Qe}sh}hle/ Qes}hlvbes`fo}f f|}i| mi| b}h`i| qsilf|i| sfecsfofb mfce}f |icsf be sfbelho fo}sf bi qib}hli x bi|ilheb fo bi| ith`hfo}i| |ilhebf| fo Libi`che"fo }eo}i qsiqiofo be lio|}svllho mfb qimfsqib}hli li`i vo qsilf|i uvf" |h chfo liotfskfnelhe bi f|}e}eb" |f |v|}fo}e fo be sfhthomhlelho|ilheb x fo be leqelhmem mf be| iskeohwelhiof|x li`vohmemf| qese }i`es mflh|hiof|" mh|}eo
lhomi|f e| mf be| liolfqlhiof| uvf sf|}shokfobi qib}hli e bi ho|}h}vlhioeb is`eb/
Vo fbf`fo}i vome`fo}eb oi ne|hmi holisqisemi |vlhfo}f`fo}f
fo be mh|lv|ho" |hfomi lesmhoebqese vchles qes}hlvbeshmemf| mf f|}f
ovfti `i`fo}i mf mhbiki| mfqew" e |ecfs" be mho`hle mf bvlne
|ilheb x qiqvbes" uvf me vo leshwmh|}ho}i e be| liotfs|elhiof| mf
qew e mf|essibbes|f fo Be Neceoex fo I|bi/ Oi f| f|}f vo e|qfl}imf `fsi lio}f~}i" |hoi uvf qis
fb lio}seshi qvfmf gvkes vo qeqfbmf}fs`hoeo}f fo fb hohlhi x mf|e-ssibbi mf bi| mhbiki|" }eb x li`i
ne ilvsshmi lio teshe| f~qfshfolhe|fo Ovf|}se E`shle Be}hoe/
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Fb `ith`hfo}i f|}vmheo}hb vohtfs|h}eshi f| fb le|i `| sfqsf|fo}e}htifo be sfli`qi|hlho mf bi| `ith`hfo}i| |ilhebf|/ Mf|mf 3116 qsiqv|i vosfqfs}ishi mf ellho libfl}hte lio vo lbesi qsi}ekioh|`i mfb qesi mf el}hthmemf| elem`hle|" x e qes}hs mf voe ce|f iskeohwe}hte" sflio|}svhme mf|mfdoebf| mf bi| oitfo}e" bikse qe|es mf ellhiof| bilebf| |i|}fohme| e voe vfs}fes}hlvbelho x liismhoelho e }set| mf be @EOF" lio be mfdohlho mf voqsikse`e `oh`i e|v`hmi e ohtfb oelhioeb uvf qfs`h}f mf|essibbes fb f`cbf`}hli qesi mf 3155" lvxe mvselho x lio}vomfolhe |hkohdl vo qvo}i
mf hof~ho fo be lio|}svllho mf f|}f el}is libfl}hti/
3/ Qew lio gv|}hlhe |ilheb fo be ekfome |ilheb x qiqvbesBi| eoebh|}e| mf ith`hfo}i| |ilhebf| neo lsfemi be le}fkise `ith`hfo
}i qis be qew" lio|}h}vhmi qis vo liogvo}i mf ellhiof| libfl}hte| `i}hteme|fo be c|uvfme mf be qew" be mffo|e mf be thme x fb sflnewi e be thibfolhe"le}ebikomibe| e |v tfw li`i be| `| h`qis}eo}f| mf bi| ei| oitfo}e foLibi`che3/ \hfomi fthmfo}f be e`qbhe `ithbhwelho |ilheb fo }isoi e f|}i|}f`e|" tebf be qfoe ecshs fb mfce}f |icsf fb |hkohdlemi mf be qew li`i vo
le`qi fo mh|qv}e" qvf| be| f~qsf|hiof| e etis mf be qew x fo lio}se mfbliohl}i" bfgi| mf lio|}h}vhs voe mho`hle ni`ikofe" |io f~qsf|hiof| mfbe| mhtfs|e| is`e| mf fo}fomfs be mho`hle mf thibfolhe fo fb qe|/
Be| iskeohwelhiof| |ilhebf| x qiqvbesf| lio|}h}vxfo fb |vgf}i libfl}hti `| qfs|h|}fo}f fo be bvlne qis be qew" }eo}i mf|mf bi |fl}isheb li`ibi sfkhioeb/ F|}i sf|vb}e bkhli eb ic|fstes le|i| mf sflsvmflh`hfo}i mf beliosio}elho es`eme" li`i Eo}hiuve" @ekmebfoe @fmhi" Levle" Esevlei Lnil/ Qfsi" voe `hseme e be| sfhthomhlelhiof| qbeo}feme| qfs`h}f vchlesuvf be c|uvfme mf be qew oi f| vo qvo}i `| fo be ekfome" qsiqvf|}i mf`eofse qesebfbe eb liogvo}i mf f~hkfolhe|/ F|" qis fb lio}seshi" vo fbf`fo}iiskohli fo be lio|}svllho sfhthomhle}hte" es}hlvbemis mf bi| mhfsfo}f| e|qfl}i| lio}fohmi| fo qsiqvf|}e| qsikse`}hle|" }seo|tfs|eb e be| `h|`e| xuvf me lvfo}e mf be li`qsfo|ho mf be liosio}elho es`eme li`i qes}f mfbmf|essibbi mf |fomi| liohl}i| flio`hli|" |ilhebf|" qib}hli|" e`chfo}ebf|x lvb}vsebf| fo fb qe|/
3 @evshlhi Kesle .3114( Qew fo fb }fssh}ishi7 mho`hle mf f~qeo|ho
kfiksle mfb ellhioes libfl}hti qis be qew fo Libi`che 58;>-311
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Bfioesmi Qi|eme Sfqsf|fo}eo}fe be L`ese qis be VQ" e|f|hoemifo Cesseolecfs`fge fb 4/ H`ekfomf7 n}}q7)){{{/|f`eoe/li`)
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Fovolheomi ebkvoi| fgf`qbi| folio}se`i| uvffb @eome}i Ekseshi" milv`fo}i qsikse`}hli sf|vb}emi mfb Lioksf|i Ekseshi mf 311
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eb}fsoe}hte mf }hfsse| i be bfx eb}fsoe}hte mf fmvlelho |vqfshis uvf |f folvfo}se folio|}svllho/
@fmheo}f fb fgfslhlhi sfhthomhle}hti" be kfofselho mf qsiqvf|}e x be ithbhwelho"be| iskeohwelhiof| |ilhebf| x qiqvbesf| qvfmfo nix fo}ses lio vfswe fo vo qsilf|imf mhbiki qis be qew" qiohfomi fo gvfki be| bfl}vse| lio|}svhme| x ebh`fo}eomibe ekfome mf mh|lv|ho xe f|}ecbflhme qese fb f|lfoeshi mf I|bi/ Oi qvfmf |fs f|}evo f|qelhi lfssemi" lveomi bi| }f`e| e }se}es |io mf ho}fs| oelhioeb" qis bi uvffb biksi mf f|}e eqfs}vse |f lio|}h}vxf fo be qsh`fse }esfe mfb `ith`hfo}i |ilheb/
; |vskf fb Li`h} Qfs`eofo}fqese fb Mfce}f Oelhioeb qis be Qew" LQMO" e`qbhi f|qelhi uvf kfofs be ekfome|ilheb qese bi| mhbiki| mf qew" nelhfomi oe|h| fo be| lev|e| |ilhebf|" flio`hle|x qib}hle| mf be liosio}elho es`eme" qfsi uvf oi }vti qes}hlhqelho fo be `f|emf mhbiki|/ ]eb ev|folhe kfofs be kseo mfvme |ilheb x flio`hle uvf nix }imeteqemflf Fb \ebtemis" kselhe| e be h`qi|hlho mfb ofibhcfsebh|`i/ Fb ffl}hti biksi mf`exisf| keseo}e| qib}hle| vf f|}seokvbemi qis be sfksf|hte ekfome flio`hle mfbqi|liohl}i" nflni mfshtemi mf be oi holisqiselho mf be| qsiqvf|}e| mfb `ith`hfo}i |ilheb x qiqvbes/
]eb mho`hle mf f~lbv|ho |ilheb lsflhfo}f fo Fb \ebtemis" liotfs}hme nix foci`ce mf }hf`qi" mfge li`i `isebfge be }se|lfomfolhe mf be qes}hlhqelho |ilheb x
qiqvbes fo bi| mhbiki| mf qew" }ime tfw uvf be ekfome lio|}svhme mf|mf f|}e ishbbef| be ce|f hssf`qbewecbf mf be qew mvsemfse" be qew lio gv|}hlhe |ilheb/
Lio}fohmiLioffihl}i x |ibvlho qib}h le
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Y6" |icsf fb }se|iomimf be| svhoe| eo nv`feo}f| mfb Qebelhi mfGv|}hlhe holfomhemi 51 me| eo}f| mvseo}f be sf}i`emfb h|`i qis qes}f mf be Dvfswe| Es`eme| libi`cheoe|" be Voho Qe}sh}hle lbev|vs |v qsh`fs lioksf|ioelhioeb sfebhweomi voe `vb}h}vmhoeshe eohf|}elhofo be Etfohme Gh`ofw lio \q}h`e/ \f idlhebhwece e|fb oelh`hfo}i mf voe iskeohwelho uvf nece |vskhmili`i sf|vb}emi mf bi| Elvfsmi| mf be Vshcf" ds`emi|fb 3> mf `eswi mf 58>=" bi| lvebf| holbveo fb lf|f ebvfki x voe }sfkve fo be liosio}elho fo}sf fb F|}emix be| DESL/
Be sflho vomeme Voho Qe}sh}hle f~qsf|ece beqsivome liothllho mf h`qis}eo}f| |fl}isf| mf`ils}hli| mf be |ilhfmem libi`cheoe elfsle mf be oflf
|hmem mf keoes be qew x oi be kvfsse x mf ebleowesvoe sfeb eqfs}vse mf`ils}hle" x qsf}fome" e| h|`i"
Geh`f Qesmi Bfeb7Bi| uvf li`ce}h`i| qis be
thme" euv f|}esf`i| |hf`qsf
E bi| 36 ei| mf |v |elshdlhi
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Nh|}i she x `f`ishe
lio|}h}vhs|f fo voe qbe}eis`e mf liotfskfolhe uvf biksese ho}fkses fo vo `ith`hfo}i voh}eshi be| `| mhtfs|e| f~qsf|hiof| iskeohwe}hte| x bvlne| qiqvbesf| uvf"e `fmhemi| mf bi| ei| >1 mfb |hkbi qe|emi" `i|}seceo vo hoofkecbf e|lfo|i x is}ebflh`hfo}i7 ZP fo fb `i`fo}i el}veb f~h|}fo vfswe| |ilhebf| uvf mf}fs`hoeovoe |ebhme mf be kvfsse ho}fs`hoecbf" mfb skh`fo mf thibfolhe uvf xe le|h qis `fmhi|hkbi ewi}e e ovf|}si qe|/ ZP VQ f| be qsiqvf|}e mf eqimfses|f mf f|}e| vfswe|" mfecshsbf| x ebbeoesbf| fb le`hoi" mf qiofsbe| fo `eslne/5
@vlni |f ne ho|h|}hmi fo uvf be VQ lio|}h}ve vo qes}hmi ho|}sv`fo}eb" lvxiqsiq|h}i lio|h|}e fo elhbh}es be ho|fslho mf be| DESL e be thme qib}hle oelhioeb/\f`fgeo}f eds`elho f| voe |h`qbhdlelho f~}sf`e mfb lesl}fs mf f|}e iskeohwelho/ \v qbe}eis`e qsikse`}hle" |v ellho qib}hle x |v tholvbelho lio bi|`ith`hfo}i| x be| bvlne| |ilhebf| mf`vf|}seo }imi bi lio}seshi7 Fb nflni mf uvfbe| DESL ZP nvchfseo nflni be qsiqvf|}e mf be Voho Qe}sh}hle" oi homhle i}seli|e |hoi uvf be qew f| fb le`hoi mf be vohmem qiqvbes fo fb qe|/3
5 Ohlib| Cvfoetfo}vse x i}si|" ]sfkve x Voho Qe}sh}hle" Fmhlhiof| LFH\" Ciki}"
oithf`csf mf 58>6" q/ 31/3 Hcmf`" q/ 44/
Geh`f Qesmi Bfeb li`i leomhme}i qsf|hmfolheb qis be VQ qese be| fbfllhiof| mf 58>4/H`ekfo7 n}}q7))svcfo|tfkeo/cbik|qi}/li`)3155)51)geh`f-qesmi-bfeb-58=5-58>;/n}`b
Lio}fohmi
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Y6 x 58>; lexfsio tl}h`e| mf f|}e ellho lsh`hoeb
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Nh|}i she x `f`ishe
e|f|hoe|7 sflismf`i| e I|les [hbbhe` Lebti" mhshkfo}f mfb FQB x `hf`csimf be Li`h|ho mf Qew" uvhfo e |v|
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Y
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Nh|}i she x `f`ishe
x mf be Qibhle fo fb kfoilhmhi uvf |f qsel}hlece lio}se |v qes}hmi x fb `ith`hfo}iqiqvbes libi`cheoi/ \io `b}hqbf| be| mfovolhe| fo be| uvf lio oi`csf qsiqhi xbvgi mf mf}ebbf| qioe eb mf|lvchfs}i }eb li`qbhlhmem/ \v tiw oi lf|ece mf oi`csese bi| sf|qio|ecbf|" qfsi fb f|}ecbflh`hfo}i oi f|}ece ho}fsf|emi fo be tfsmem/ Fseqsffshcbf elebbesbi% X fbbi vf bi uvf |vlfmh/ \v nhgi" Dfsoeomi Qesmi Dbisf|" bieds`e lio fois`f lio}vomfolhe7 Qis fb }f`is uvf `h qeq sfqsf|fo}ece qese fbf|}ecbflh`hfo}i oelhioeb x qese be| lbe|f| mhshkfo}f|" qis be leqelhmem uvf }foe mfmfovolhes e bi| lsh`hoebf|" qis |v| mf|fi| mf le`chi x qis |v tibvo}em mf |ies liovo qe| fo qew; Qis f|i bi `e}esio%
\v bfkemiOvfte`fo}f" mf|qv| mf teshi| ho}fo}i| ebbhmi|" fb qe| necbe mf qew/ Ovfte
`fo}f" fb `ith`hfo}i qiqvbes |f qiof e be lecfwe mf |v c|uvfme/ \f ne lsfemivo f|lfoeshi uvf ne nflni qi|hcbf| bi| elfsle`hfo}i| x fb hohlhi mf vo qsilf|i/Be lbe|f mi`hoeo}f |f eqsf|vse e eqsiqhes|f mf |v mf|essibbi/ Fb qsf|hmfo}f \eo}i|lveo}hdle fb iq}h`h|`i x e|v`f be sf|qio|echbhmem sfo}f e be mvselho mfb `h|`i/
; Ekfolhe Qsfo|e Svseb" 55 mf il}vcsf mf 3151" .n}}q7))qsfo|esvseb/isk)|qhq)|qhq/qnq9es}hlbf=;55(
Geh`f Qesmi Bfeb" f|qi|e f nhgi|/H`ekfo7 Milv`fo}eb FB Cehbf Sigi/ n}}q7)){{{/xiv}vcf/li`){e}ln9t0UTB6=DlWu6F
Lio}fohmi
http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?auteur1http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article4711http://prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?auteur17/30/2019 Revista Izquierda, no 27, octubre de 2012
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Y
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Nh|}i she x `f`ishe
]i`emi mf7 n}}q7)){{{/elfciij/li`)qekf|)Geh`f-Qesmi-Bfeb)
Lio}fohmi
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Y
@mhle@ek|}fs fo
\ebvm QcbhleLeomhme}e e Qn/M/
fo \ebvm QcbhleVohtfs|hmem Oelhioeb
mf Libi`che
EmsheoeEsmhbe \hfsse
Be f~qbhlelho mf be lsh|h| mfb |h|}f`e mf |ebvmlibi`cheoi liolfo}seme fo bi doeolhfsi f|
|bi voe qi|hchbhmem ho}fsqsf}e}hte mfo}si mf i}se| fof|lfoe uvf" mf|mf voe qfs|qfl}hte ls}hle" mfcfseoli`qsfomfs|f li`i qes}f| mf vo |bi fo`foi7 voelsh|h| f|}svl}vseb .5(/ \ho f`ceski" e| li`i fb qfo|e`hfo}i x be qse~h| ofibhcfsebf| qfs`feo be| |vcgf}hthmemf| x bi| f|qelhi| `| li}hmheoi| .3(" fo |ebvm |f f|}nelhfomi lfo}seb be hmfe mf uvf bi| e|vo}i| doeolhfsi||io fb }f`e e sf|ibtfs/
Fo be| mi| b}h`e| mleme|" cegi fb |vqvf|}i mf uvfbe |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi| f|} liomhlhioeme e be |ebvmdoeolhfse mf bi| |h|}f`e| mf |ebvm" nf`i| th|}i libiohwes fb lioilh`hfo}i fo |ebvm qis |ecfsf| flio`hli|x em`hoh|}se}hti| mf lis}f ofibhcfseb/ |}i| neo hmikhseomi ovf|}se| csgvbe| nelhe fb ois}f mf be |ebvmdoeolhfse" li`i |h eb iq}h`hwes fb `fslemi fb ffl}i
oe}vseb vf|f fb `fgise`hfo}i mf be |ebvm x fb chfof|}esmf bi| qvfcbi|/ Ds`vbe| `khle| uvf |f |v`eo e be
Be `h}ibike mf be
libiohwelho ofibhcfseb mfbe |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi|
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
Ofibhcfsebh|`i se`qeo}f
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`h}ibike uvf f`fskh lveomi fb ofibhcfsebh|`i libiohw be |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi|x mf be| lvebf| |f f|} nelhfomi v|i ho}fo|hti qis f|}i| me| fo uvf bi| mfce}f| fo}isoi e be qfsmvsechbhmem i }seo|is`elho f|}svl}vseb mfb |h|}f`e mf |ebvm libi`cheoi |f folvfo}seo }eo el}hti|/
Fb `h}i mf be |ebvm te |i|}fohchbhmem doeolhfseNex uvf qsfilvqes|f lveomi sfth|}e| mf flioi`e x ofkilhi| mf lhslvbelho
oelhioeb fo}seo e sf|ibtfs be| mvme| uvf fb qcbhli qvfme }fofs |icsf be oflf|hmem mf lio}hovhmem i mf mf|`io}f mf vo |h|}f`e mf |ebvm/ X fo f|qflheb nex uvfqsfilvqes|f |h be sf|ibvlho mf be mvme |f |iqis}e fo f|}vmhi| liolfo}semi| fo be|qi|hchbhmemf| mf |i|}fohchbhmem doeolhfse .
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lio}sibeomi fb lsflh`hfo}i mf bi| sfk`fof| f|qflhebf|"|vskfo |vgf}i| x qicbelhiof| lio `fgisf| liomhlhiof|mf |ebvm x mf thme/
Eb mfbhofes f|}f le`hoi" ovf|}si| f~qfs}i| ofibhcfsebf| qe|eo qis folh`e mfb elv`vbemi }fshli f~qbhle}htix li`qsfo|hti mf bi| qsilf|i| |ebvmfofs`fmem" nelhfomi qibti lvebuvhfs mfce}f mflfo}f |icsf bi| mf}fs`hoeo}f| i be mf}fs`hoelho |ilheb mf be |ebvm/
Qfsi emf`|" be f ofibhcfseb ebleowe qese liotfolfs
|f i liotfolfsoi|9 mf qimfs bikses be |i|}fohchbhmemdoeolhfse mfb `fslemi mf be |ebvm e }set| mf `fmhme|uvf lio}semhlfo bi| `fslemi|7 lio}sib mfb mf|fi mf bvlsimf bi| leqh}ebh|}e| mfb |fl}is e }set| mf b`h}f| `isebf|x ois`e}hti| eb hokfohi nv`eoi uvf |f `vftf nelhe bef~}sellho mf sfo}e|/
Uvf fo Libi`che bi| qsilf|i| mf e}folho |f mfoi`hofo lemfoe| qsimvl}hte|" i uvf e bi| |vgf}i| |f bf|uvhfse mfoi`hoes li`qsemisf| fmvlemi|" i uvf uvhfof|
em`hoh|}seo bi| sflvs|i| mfb |fl}is |f mfoi`hofo ellhioh|}e| .=(" oi |io e|vo}i| |f`o}hli|: voe tfw ho|}evsemifb bfokvegf mfb `fslemi f`qhfweo e bfkh}h`es|f is`e|mf `eb}se}i li`i euvfbbe| fo uvf be| F`qsf|e| Qsi`i}ise| mf \ebvm .FQ\( elv|eo e |v| qelhfo}f| mf |fs voimf bi| mi| kseomf| mfsevmemisf| mfb \h|}f`e Kfofsebmf \fkvshmem \ilheb fo \ebvm .6(/
Be |fome mfb fslemi liomvlf e be |ebvm mf bi| f~qfs}i| fo `fslemi|: qese eteowes nelhe be |ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi| |}e" x oi be |ebvm doeolhfse" ne mf |fs fb ois}f mfbi| |h|}f`e| mf |ebvm x mf be| |ilhfmemf| fo |v liogvo}i/
Fb `h}i mf be hofdlhfolhe mf bi qcbhliFb mf|fi mf qshte}hwelho mf be hosef|}svl}vse mf
e}folho fo |ebvm |f |v|}fo}e fo vo qsfgvhlhi }qhle`fo}fofibhcfseb7 uvf bi qcbhli f| honfsfo}f`fo}f hofdlhfo}f:li`i |h |f }se}ese mf voe ebmhlho" be| ho|}h}vlhiof| x bi|
volhioeshi| qcbhli| f|}eseo" mf `eofse hof~}shlecbf"mf|}hoemi| e |fs hofdlhfo}f|/
Fo be| mi| b}h`e| mleme|"cegi fb |vqvf|}i mf uvf be|ebvm mf bi| qvfcbi| f|}
liomhlhioeme e be |ebvmoeolhfse mf bi| |h|}f`e|
mf |ebvm" nf`i| th|}ilibiohwes fb lioilh`hfo}ifo |ebvm qis |ecfsf| fli-o`hli| x em`hoh|}se}hti|
mf lis}f ofibhcfseb/ |}i|neo hmi khseomi ovf|}se|csgvbe| nelhe fb ois}f mfbe |ebvm oeolhfse" li`i
|h eb iq}h`hwes fb `fslemifb ffl}i oe}vseb vf|f fb
`fgise`hfo}i mf be |ebvm xfb chfof|}es mf bi| qvfcbi|/
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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Oi f| gili|i oh f| |esl|}hli: be lsvweme qshte}hwemise uvf lecebke |icsff|}f qsfgvhlhi ne |fqvb}emi cvfoe qes}f mf be sfm qcbhle mf e}folho `mhle foLibi`che" `hfo}se| fo qesebfbi |f bfteo}e voe sfo}ecbf hosef|}svl}vse qshtemeeh|beme mf be sfebhmem |ilheb" holbv|i fo }s`hoi| esuvh}fl}ohli|/
Be mf|`h}hdlelho mf be hofdlhfolhe honfsfo}f e bi qcbhli f`qhfwe qissflismes uvf |i`i| bi| `h|`i| nv`eoi| ilvqeomi f|qelhi| qcbhli| x qshtemi|: bi mf`| f| tibvo}em x kf|}ho/
Fb `h}i mf be fuvhmem fo be qicsfweLveomi |f eds`e uvf fb |h|}f`e mf |ebvm libi`cheoi f~nhcf biksi| fo
fuvhmem |f qiof fo fthmfolhe vo }fslfs qsfgvhlhi7 uvf be hkvebelho qis bicegi e|hkoe vo b`h}f sewioecbf`fo}f gv|}i eb mf|fi nv`eoi mf chfof|}es/
Sfwe fb `h}i" qis fgf`qbi" uvf fb qicsf .uvhfo qfs}foflf eb uvho}hb `|cegi mf ke|}i mf bi| nikesf|( ne mf |fo}hs|f |e}h|flni fo }s`hoi| mf fuvhmem|h |v ke|}i mf cib|hbbi fo le|i mf fofs`fmem f| hofshis eb mfb uvho}hb `|eb}i mf hoksf|i mfb qe|" x `| |h |f lio|hmfse uvf |v eqis}f e be leske mffofs`fmem elv`vbeme f| |vqfshis e be mf f|f uvho}hb lio hoksf|i |vqfshis/
Fo i}se| qebecse|" |f lsff uvf fb |h|}f`e f| fuvh}e}hti qisuvf fo le|i mffofs`fmem bi| `| qicsf| ke|}eo `foi| mf mhfw `hb qf|i| `fo|vebf| fo|ebvm `hfo}se| uvf bi| `| shli| ke|}eo fo}sf ilnfo}e x oitfo}e `hb qf|i|`fo|vebf| .4(" i`h}hfomi uvf qese fb uvho}hb `| qicsf mhfw `hb qf|i| |io`| mf vo me mf }secegi `hfo}se| uvf qese fb uvho}hb `| shli oitfo}e `hbqf|i| |io `foi| mf voe nise mf }secegi: bi lveb oi sfqsf|fo}e voe |h`qbfebbe }lohle fo fb eobh|h| egv|}emi mf voi| me}i| |hoi be `hiqe lio uvf |fqsf}fomf ecismes be le}fkise mf lbe|f |ilheb/
Fo |ebvm ecvomeo f|}vmhi| uvf eqvo}eo nelhe be fuvhmem qisuvf qfo|es fo fuvhmem f| e}sel}hti x f|qfseowemis" qfsi |f ibthme uvf fo lio}f~}i|leqh}ebh|}e| be fuvhmem oi f| `| uvf vo liolfq}i hbv|ishi7 be qicsfwe f|honfsfo}f eb x oflf|eshe fo fb leqh}ebh|`i/
Fo lio}f~}i| leqh}ebh|}e|" f| `| sfo}ecbf ofkes be| fofs`fmemf| mf beqicsfwe x liolfo}ses|f fo mf|hkvebmemf| `schme| qvo}vebf| `imhdlecbf|e qes}hs mf be kf|}ho mf f|}hbi| mf thme homhthmvebf| uvf `imhdles be| liomhlhiof| mf thme fo uvf |f kf|}eo }ebf| mf|hkvebmemf|/
Qis f|i" fb qe| oi qvfmf mis`hs }seouvhbi lveomi" }se| le|h tfho}f ei|
mf bfx 511" ovf|}si| f~qfs}i| eovolheo necfs mf|lvchfs}i uvf fb olbfi mfbe| hofuvhmemf| f|} vchlemi fo bi| sfk`fof| f|qflhebf|" mf|etisflhfomi e
Lio}fohmiOfibhcfsebh|`i se`qeo}f
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be qicbelho kfofseb lio sf|qfl}i e be qicbelho mf f|}i| sfk`fof| .=(/ \hchfo |fse mf|fecbf be hkvebelho mf cfofdlhi| fo}sf sfk`fof|" voe |ilhfmemfuvh}e}hte oi em`h}hse |h|}f`e| mf |ebvm sek`fo}emi| fo |vcsfk`fof|mfqfomhfo}f| mf be liomhlho beciseb/
Fo}iolf|" qese uvf be fuvhmem mfgf mf |fs fb |ioegfsi mf be \ebvm Qcbhlef| oflf|eshi e|qhses e |ilhfmemf| x e |h|}f`e| mf |ebvm f|}svl}vseb`fo}fmhfsfo}f| x lio qi|hchbhmemf| mf }seo|is`es be| liomhlhiof| x oi |bi bi|f|}hbi| mf thme mf be| qicbelhiof|/
Fb `h}i mf be lebhmem te li`qf}folheSfwe fb `h}i uvf lveomi fo vo `fslemi |f f|}h`vbe be li`qf}folhe
fo}sf el}isf| nex voe keoeolhe fo lebhmem qese bi| v|veshi|/ Lio }eb liothllho" Libi`che emiq} fo |ebvm" mf|mf 588
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che
mf hois`elho mf cvfoe lebhmem |f etisflfs be li`qf}folhe fo fb |fl}is x qisfomf be lebhmem mf be e}folho fo |ebvm .=(/
Fb `h}i mf be vohtfs|ebhmem mfb mfsflniBe `f}e mf vohtfs|ebhwelho f| qsl}hle`fo}f voe sfebhmem .=" q/5=;(/ F|}f
f| }eb tfw fb `h}i `| thfgi" `| mffomhmi x" e be tfw" `| mf|ths}vemi mfo}si mfb|h|}f`e mf |ebvm thkfo}f fo Libi`che7 uvf voe tfw |f f`h}f fo ebko bvkes mf bekfiksee oelhioeb vo leso lio fb oi`csf mf voe qfs|ioe" f holbv|i |h f|f lesooi bbfke ge`| e `eoi| mf |v }h}vbes" f|e qfs|ioe hoksf|e eb vohtfs|i fo fb uvf fbellf|i" be iqis}vohmem" be lebhmem" be fuvhmem x" qis fomf" be |ebvm x be thme mhkoe|io voe sfebhmem/
Qimse`i| oesses lio exis mf}ebbf fb mf|e|f fo}sf }fise x qse~h| fo lio}f~}i|mf e}folho mf |ebvm libiohwemi| qis bi ofibhcfseb" qfsi uvhw| |fe `| sewioecbfvo eb}i fo fb le`hoi qese hoth}es eb }se|bemi mfb hokfohi nv`eoi nelhe `imfbi| mf|ebvm f|}svl}vseb`fo}f mhfsfo}f|/
Lhfssi" fo}iolf|" f~qsf|eomi iq}h`h|`i x eqixi eo}f be hohlhe}hte el}veb mflio|}svllho mf vo \h|}f`e mf \ebvm ovfti x mhfsfo}f" lio}fohme fo fb Qsixfl}imf Bfx 516 Bfx f|}e}v}eshe fo \ebvm .;(" fo}fomhme li`i vo qsh`fs eteolf nelhe
be liolfqlho mf `imfbi| mf |ebvm x mf |ilhfmem f|}svl}vseb`fo}f mhfsfo}f|/
Bi| sf}si| mf |fh| le`qf|hoi| mf be sfkho mf Fb Le|}hbbi" @f}e" qfs}foflhfo}f| e be VQ" e|f|hoemi|fo |fq}hf`csf mf 58>>/ H`ekfo7 Qecbi" Tiw - n}}q7)){{{/jhfoxjf/li`)nh|}ishe|)be-vohio-qe}shi}e-fo-be-tiw-mf-|v|-|icsfththfo}f|)
Lio}fohmiOfibhcfsebh|`i se`qeo}f
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]secegi| lh}emi| .lio kv|}i(
.5(/ Be Lsh|h| mF Be |eBvm Fo LiBi@che///LvB Lsh|h|9 esmhBe" emsheoe/ 54" FoFsie gvohi mF 3153" F|qeLhi Ls}hLi/ n}}q7)){{{/F|qeLhiLsh}hLi/Li@)9u0}e~ioi@x)}Fs@)6/ 5;8=->58 xmF sFdis@e F|}svL}vseBeB |h|}F@emF |eBvmx |Fkvshmem |iLheB - L|s: eBheowe oeLhioeBqisvo ovFti@imFBimF |eBvm/ qsixFL}imF BFx F|}e}v}eshe/ o 516 " n}}q7)){{{/thte/isk/Li)Biccxhok)Li@h|hio-mF-|eBvm)588-qsixFL}i-BFx-516"-BFx-F|}e}v}eshe-Fo-|eBvm/n}@B7 |Foemi/ sFqcBhLemF LiBi@che" 3153/
]secegi| lh}emi| .lio mh|kv|}i(
. mF 3153/ ZLh}emiFB7 3< mF > mF 3153/P n}}q7)){{{/qis}ediBhi/Li)FLioi@he)&F3&>1&8>Lio}hovhmem-mFB-|h|}F@e-|eBvm-oi-qvFmF-F|}es-mvme&F3&>1&88/
.=(/ Le|}eFme" LesBi|" x i}si|/ Be |i|}FohchBhmem dhoeoLhFsemFB |h|}F@e mF |eBvmLiBi@cheoi - mho@hLemFBke|}ixqshoLhqeBF|sF}i|mFLeseeBdv}vsi/ ciki}"LiBi@che7 dFmF|essiBBi" 3153/
.6(/ mhoFsi/Li@/ Bei}seLesemFBdsevmFFoBe| Fq|/ ZFoBoFeP 5; mF 18 mF 3153/ZLh}emiFB7 5> mF 18 mF 3153/P n}}q7)){{{/mhoFsi/Li@)F@qsF|e|)es}hLvBi)Be-i}se-Lese-mFB-dsevmF-Fq|)5411
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Lio}fohmiOfibhcfsebh|`i se`qeo}f
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Milfo}f fhotf|}hkemise
Vohtfs|hmem Oelhioebmf Libi`cheLisqiselhoQbeof}e Qew
LesibhoeGh`ofw @/
Fo fb b}h`i `f| ne tfohmi f`fskhfomi liovfswe vo mfce}f e ohtfb oelhioeb x sfkhioeb|icsf bi| qsicbf`e| mfb ovfti \h|}f`e Kfofseb mf Sfkebe| \KS" lsfemi e }set| mfb el}i bfkh|be}hti 16 mf3155 .uvf sfis` bi| es}lvbi|
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qsilf|i/ Dsfo}f eb }fslfs eskv`fo}i |f ne qbeo}femi uvf fb kichfsoi oelhioeb e}set| mfb sflho lsfemi Diomi mf Enissi x F|}echbhwelho mhshkhmi qis fb Ceoli mfbe Sfqcbhle ne tfohmi v|eomi be qbe}e mf be| sfkebe| qese li`qses mbesf| uvf bfqfs`h}eo `eo}fofs lio}sibeme be }e|e mf le`chi/
F|}e |h}velho ne |hmi qsicbf`e}hweme qis E`xbjes Eli|}e" uvhfo ne |febemifo mi| es}lvbi| qvcbhlemi| fo Sewo Qcbhle5 uvf fb sf}se|i fo fb khsi mf sflvs|i|
mf be| sfkebe| e be| sfkhiof| icfmflf e voe qib}hle d|leb lio}sellhioh|}e mfb kichfsoi mf \eo}i| x eb v|i uvf |f bf ne memi e mhlni| sflvs|i| qis qes}f mfb @hoh|}fshimf Nelhfome qese be li`qse mf 611 `hbbiof| mf mbesf| qese be sf|fste `iof}eshemfb qe|/
Li`i |f qvfmf eqsflhes |io teshemi| bi| eskv`fo}i| uvf neo |vskhmi qesef~qbhles fb sf}se|i fo be| e|hkoelhiof| mf be| sfkebe| e bi| fo}f| }fssh}ishebf| qesebe thkfolhe mfb 3153" uvf" mf elvfsmi lio me}i| |v`hoh|}semi| qis @evshlhi \eo}e`ese" mhsfl}is mfb Mfqes}e`fo}i Oelhioeb mf Qbeofelho" e|lhfomfo eb ismfo mf 4chbbiof| mf qf|i| |fko be mh|}shcvlho f|}ecbflhme qis fb ovfti \KS3/
5 Sfkebe|7 Fb kichfsoi lfo}seb li`qse mbesf| lio mhofsi mf be| sfkhiof|" qvc -
bhlemi fb 8 mf |fq}hf`csf" x Fb }seolo mf be| sfkebe|" 34 mf eki|}i/ E`ci|
qvcbhlemi| fo Sewo Qcbhle/
3 Sflismf`i| uvf" |fko fb el}i bfkh|be}hti" be mh|}shcvlho mf be| sfkebe| uvfm
f|}ecbflhme mf be |hkvhfo}f `eofse7 51& qese fb Diomi mf Lhfolhe" ]floibike f
Hooitelho: 51& qese fb diomi mf qfo|hiof| - DIOQF]: fb
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@| ebb mfb mfce}f |v|lh}emi fo }isoi e |h f| eb}e mf li`qf}h}hthmemmf bi| iskeoh|`i| }fssh}ishebf| qese is`vbes bi| qsixfl}i| }eb li`i bi ne|i|}fohmi fb kichfsoi" i e bi| }flohlh|`i| x cvsilse}h|`i| mfb |h|}f`e }ebli`i bi neo `eohf|}emi eblebmf| x kicfsoemisf|" holbv|i e |h f|}e |h}velho icfmflf e vo `eofgi `iof}eshi qis qes}f mfb @hoh|}fshi mf Nelhfomeuvf ne|}e nelf qili| me| bhmfsece Gveo Lesbi| Flnftfssx" bi lhfs}i f| uvf fbe|vo}i |hkvf ce|}eo}f fosfmemi x eo oi nex bvw tfsmf qese be }seo|fsfolhemf mhlni| sflvs|i|/
Bi uvf `| bbe`e be e}folho mf }imi f|}f mfce}f f| uvf be mh|lv|ho |fne lfo}semi fo uvf" li`i qsimvl}i mf f|}f sf}se|i" nix f|} fo lvf|}ho bedoeolhelho mf bi| |h|}f`e| mf fmvlelho x |ebvm mf bi| mfqes}e`fo}i|/ \hof`ceski" vo eobh|h| fo qsivomhmem mf bi| qsixfl}i| qshishwemi| qis bi|IMLE qese f|}e qsh`fse siome bi uvf qiof fo fthmfolhe f| uvf `| uvfvo nishwio}f |ilheb mf doeolhelho" fb |h|}f`e ne memi qshishmem e qsixfl}i|flio`hli| uvf etisflfo be li`qf}h}hthmem sfkhioeb/ F|}i f|" fb nishwio}f mf be doeolhelho f| of}e`fo}f qsimvl}hth|}e x flioi`hlh|}e x sfbfke evo |fkvomi ohtfb fb |fo}hmi |ilheb uvf fo |v| hohlhi| bf nece e|hkoemi e be|
sfkebe| be Lio|}h}vlho Qib}hle mfb 85/
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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Fo ffl}i" fb ksvf|i mf bi| qsixfl}i| qshishwemi| qese be| |fh| sfkhiof| ni`ikofe|
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Fgf| }f`}hli| ]hqi| mf qsixfl}i|
Fli}vsh|`iMf|essibbi x `fgise`hfo}i mf qesuvf| ishfo}emi| eb`fgise`hfo}i mf be ifs}e }vs|}hle" fb mf|essibbi mfb|fl}is f`qsf|esheb x }vsh|`i/
@hbh}eshwelho }fssh}isheb
E`qbhelho" is}ebflh`hfo}i" qfs`eofolhe x |i|}foh-chbhmem mf be vfswe qcbhle fo be Sfkho mfb Qeld-li: Qbeo ho}fkseb mf |fkvshmem qese be Sfkho Lfo}siIshfo}f/
Ismfoe`hfo}i }fssh}ishebQbeohdlelho x ismfoelho mf lvfole| nhmsiksdle|"qbeof| mf ekve" ismfoelho mf li`qbfgi| lfoeki-|i|/
Dvfo}f7 Lio|}svllho qsiqhe ce|eme fo be qshishwelho mf qsixfl}i| qis sfkhiof|/
Mh|qiohcbf fo be qkhoe {fc mfb \h|}f`e Kfofseb mf Sfkebe| .n}}q7))|ks/moq/kit/li)
Qsixfl}i|)QshishwelhomfQsixfl}i|/e|q~(/
Li`i |f qvfmf eqsflhes" fb ksvf|i mf bi| qsixfl}i| bf eqvo}e e vo is}ebflh`hfo}i qsimvl}hti mf bi| }fssh}ishi|/ Bi uvf |f ic|fste f| uvf e }set|
mf f|}i| qsixfl}i| |f cv|le exvmes e |iqis}es be sfiskeohwelho }fssh}ishebuvf |f ne mf|essibbemi fo fb qe| fo bi| b}h`i| ei| folio|ioeolhe lio be mfdohlho mf voe f|}se}fkhe flio`hle |iqis}eme fo fb mf|essibbi `hofsi f~}sel}hti" hosef|}svl}vseb" fofsk}hli x eksihomv|}sheb/ Mf en uvfbi| e|vo}i| `hbh}es" hosef|}svl}vseb x mf ismfoe`hfo}i}fssh}isheb ilvqfo vo bvkes qshthbfkhemi fo fb ovftif|lfoeshi mf doeolhelho/
]fof`i|" fo}iolf|" uvf be ishfo}elho qsimvl}hth|}e uvf neo qshthbfkhemi bi| IMLE fo bi| qsixfl}i|qshishwemi| e|v`f fb }fssh}ishi mf|mf |v v}hbhmem li`isflvs|i" ofkeomi fb |fo}hmi |ilheb" li`voh}eshi x mfthme uvf be| li`vohmemf| neo lio|}svhmi |icsf |v|}fssh}ishi|/ Mf en" uvf |fe qi|hcbf eds`es uvf ebkvoi|mf bi| qsixfl}i| ebh`fo}eo be| mh|qv}e| mf }fssh}ishebf|uvf |f qsf|fo}eo nix fo ebkvoe| sfkhiof| mfb qe| sfo}f e be ismfoelho" fb v|i x fb |fo}hmi mf bi| }fssh}ishi|/
F|}e| mh|qv}e| f~qsf|eo fb eo}ekioh|`i fo}sf voe }fssh}ishebhmem |ilheb qiqvbes" uvf e|v`f fb }fssh}ishi li`i
Be ishfo}elho qsimvl}hth|}euvf neo qshthbfkhemi bi|IMLE fo bi| qsixfl}i|
qshishwemi| e|v`f fb }fssh}i-shi mf|mf |v v}hbhmem li`i
sflvs|i" ofkeomi fb |fo}hmi|ilheb" li`voh}eshi x mf
thme uvf be| li`vohmemf|neo lio|}svhmi |icsf |v|
}fssh}ishi|/ Mf en" uvf |feqi|hcbf es`es uvf ebkvoi|mf bi| qsixfl}i| ebh`fo}fo
be| mh|qv}e| }fssh}ishebf| uvf|f qsf|fo}eo nix fo ebkv-
oe| sfkhiof| mfb qe| sfo}fe be ismfoelho" fb v|i x fb
|fo}hmi mf bi| }fssh}ishi|/
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che
f|qelhi mf thme" x voe }fssh}ishebhmem qsimvl}hth|}e flioi`hlh|}e" uvf bi e|v`flio|hmfseomi |v v|i li`i sflvs|i flio`hli x kfofsemis mf shuvfwe/
F|}e |h}velho |f qvfmf hmfo}hdles sfo}f e bi| qsixfl}i| hosef|}svl}vsebf| li`ibe Sv}e mfb \ib" bi| lissfmisf| ssfi| fo be Kveghse" bi| qbeof| mf `hbh}eshwelho fo fbQeldli x fo fb Lfo}si Ishfo}f" bi| mf|essibbi `emfsfsi| fo bi| @io}f| mf @ese" bi|`ioilvb}hti| fo fb Qeldli" be ledlvb}vse li`qf}fo}f uvf qfs|hkvf fb qsikse`e mfbqeh|egf lvb}vseb lef}fsi" bi| qsixfl}i| fl}i}vs|h}li| fo be| lhoke| bvkes mf qvfcbi|qebed}i|" fo}sf i}si|" uvf |io vome`fo}ebf| e be nise mf fo}fomfs bi| liohl}i|}fssh}ishebf| uvf nix |f thtfo fo f|}i| }fssh}ishi|/
E| uvf fb mfce}f fo fb qe| mfcf oflf|eshe`fo}f hs `| ebb mf uvf |f biksfo|vqfses bi| }flohlh|`i| mfb qsilf|i x mf uvf |f bfteo}f sqhme`fo}f fb }seolomf be| sfkebe|/ Euv bi sfeb`fo}f qsfilvqeo}f x bi uvf f|} fo gvfki f| fb v|i|ilheb mf be| sfkebe| qsimvlhme| cegi vo `imfbi mf mf|essibbi flio`hli |iqis}emifo be f~qbi}elho homh|lsh`hoeme mf bi| sflvs|i| oe}vsebf|" x uvf f|} |hfomi fb mhsfl}e`fo}f sf|qio|ecbf mf bi| vfs}f| h`qel}i| e`chfo}ebf| x mfb mf|qigi }fssh}ishebmf be| li`vohmemf| shle| fo f|}i| sflvs|i|/ Fo ffl}i" }eb x li`i bi nf`i| tfohmi|i|}fohfomi" `| uvf `h}hkes x lio}shcvhs eb mf|essibbi |ilheb mf be| li`vohmemf|"
be| sfkebe| enise qsf}fomfo lio}shcvhs eb sfiswe`hfo}i mf be| bkhle| mf f~lbv|homfb `imfbi/
Fb kfoilhmhi lio}se be Voho Qe}sh}hle x fb `ith`hfo}i qiqvbes libi`cheoi" uvf lics`hbf| mf tl}h`e|" ne |hmi lichgemi lio be `| ec|ibv}e h`qvohmem/ Ne|}e nix" oi nex`| mf voe mflfoe mf hotf|}hkelhiof| mf be gv|}hlhe/ H`ekfo mf7 n}}q7)){{{/|f`eoe/li`)oelhio)cehbf-sigi)516651-
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Skh`fo qib} hli x mh|lvs|i
Ecikemi@ek|}fs fo Dhbi|ide
Qsidf|is mf beVohtfs|hmem mfb Tebbf
@eshoi Leohwebf| Q/
Fb qe|emi 5 mf Gvbhi" qsfthe liotile}ishe mfbkichfsoi oelhioeb" vf fbfkhmi i}si ovfti
kicfsoemis mfb mfqes}e`fo}i mfb Tebbf mfb Levle"|}e tfw fb Ms/ Vcfh`es Mfbkemi" uvhfo sff`qbewe ebimio}biki Nl}is Dechi V|flnf/ F|}f b}h`i" fbfl}ifo il}vcsf mfb 3155 qese vo qfsimi mf lve}si ei|.31533156(" vf icbhkemi e eceomioes fb leski qismflh|ho mf be Lio}sebise Kfofseb mf be Sfqcbhle uvfbi mflbes sf|qio|ecbf mf necfs li`f}hmi mf}sh`fo}i qe}sh`ioheb fo be Bhlisfse mfb Tebbf qis be |v`emf - =1/111 `hbbiof| mf qf|i|/ \f`eoe| mf|qv|"be Qsilvsemvse Kfofseb mf be Oelho bi mf|}h}vx fhonechbh} qis vo }s`hoi mf }sflf ei| qis hssfkvbeshmemf| li`f}hme| fo be lfbfcselho mf vo lio}se}i"lveomi |f mf|f`qfece li`i \flsf}eshi mf \ebvm mf|v eo}flf|is x gff qib}hli" Gveo Lesbi| Eceme" uvhfo}e`cho vf qsilf|emi x |eolhioemi qis be `h|`e
lev|e/ F|}f |fis" fbfl}i qese fb qfsimi li`qsfomhmifo}sf bi| ei| 311> x 3155" }e`qili qvmi }fs`hoesbi/
Mfbh}i x qib}hle
fo fb Tebbf mfb Levle
Tibtfs e lio}fohmi
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O 3;" Il}vcsf mf 3153 Ciki}" Libi`che Skh`fo qi b}h li x mh|lvs|i
Dvf mf|}h}vhmi f honechbh}emi qis be Qsilvsemvse Kfofseb fo `folho qis necfsqes}hlhqemi echfs}e`fo}f fo be le`qee qib}hle mfb f~ `hoh|}si mf ekshlvb}vse"Eoms| Dfbhqf Eshe|" fb lveb cv|lece eeoi|e`fo}f |v oi`hoelho li`i leomhme}iqsf|hmfolheb mfo}si mf be lio|vb}e ho}fsoe emfbeo}eme qis fb qes}hmi lio|fstemis/
F|}i| elio}flh`hfo}i| lio|}h}vxfo vo becise}ishi |icsf fb mfbh}i x be qib}hle fofb Tebbf mfb Levle li`i bi qe|i e sffshs/ E be flne mf be lh}eme lio}hfome fbfl}iseb"xe |io lholi bi| kicfsoemisf| uvf ne }fohmi fb mfqes}e`fo}i e qes}hs mfb ei 311>/Voi| bi vfsio fo qsiqhfmem" x i}si| li`i foleskemi| qis fb Kichfsoi Oelhioebfo fb `esli mf ekshi| mfce}f| x mh|qv}e| qis be liotile}ishe e bi uvf |f ne memifo bbe`es fo is`e bhkn}fbfllhiof| e}qhle|/ Oi f|} mf`| |febes uvf mfo}simf }eb |ehof}f" be `eoi mfb thlfqsf|hmfo}f Eokfbhoi Keswo }e`cho ne gvkemi vokseo qeqfb/ Vcfh`es Mfbkemi |f lioths}h e| fo fb |f~}i mf }ebf| kicfsoemisf|/Fbfkhmi qese }fs`hoes fb qfshimi mf Nl}is Dechi V|flnf" ic}vti fb qe|emi 5mf gvbhi 344&/ \v emtfs|eshi" DseolhofmLeoi" qsi}fkhmi mfb f~ |foemis Gveo Lesbi| @es}ofw x qsi`ithmi qis be ebheowemf bi| qes}hmi| QHO x @HI" biks 5;4/111 ti}i|/ Voe e`ise le`qee qis fb ti}ifo cbeoli" lio}echbhw e |v etis 54 -5881( be| kf|}hiof| mf qew uvf |f tfoeo mf|essibbeo-mi" qfs`h}hfsio bbfkes e vo elvfsmi lio fb @ith`hfo}i 58 mf Ecshb" @-58/ \v `~h`i li`eomeo}fLesbi| Qhwessi Bfiok`fw" }se| sfho}fkses|f e be thme lhthb x |hfomi e|qhseo}f e be qsf|hmfolhe mf besfqcbhle qis be Ebheowe Mf`ils}hle @-58" vf e|f|hoemi fb 34 mf ecshb mf 5881// H`ekfo mf7 n}}q7)){{{/fbqeh|/li`/li)fbqeh|)hoiksede|)lsioibikheqew)homf~/n}`b
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Enise chfo" bi eo}fshis qimse |fs bi e}qhli" qfsi |ibi |h |f qes}f mfsflioilfs" |ho ohokvoe liolf|ho" uvf bi }qhli x mi`hoeo}f fo f|}f mfqes}e`fo}i ne |hmi" mf|mf nelf teshi| bv|}si|" fb fgfslhlhi mf be qib}hle li`i e|ilhelho qese mfbhouvhs" miomf fb F|}emi sfkhioeb x be em`hoh|}selho qcbhleneo |hmi }se}emi| li`i ci}o/ F| fb |flvf|}si mf be qib}hle qis voe |ilhfmemlsh`hoeb fo |v| mhfsfo}f| f~qsf|hiof|/ Uvf f|}i f| e| mf ksetf" bi qsvfcefb mf|lvcsh`hfo}i mf voe Sfkh|}semvse qesebfbe eb e`eoflfs mfb me 5 mf
gvbhi fo be lhvmem mf Lebh" liois`eme" fo}sf i}si|" qis ebkvoi| `hf`csi|mf bi| |fl}isf| qib}hli| uvf eqixesio be leomhme}vse mf Dseolhofm Leoi"be \flsf}eshe mfb @HI x voe eb}e volhioeshe mf be Sfkh|}semvse Oelhioeb
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