Proyecto Eolico Los Tachones

Los “Tachones” Wind PlantLos “Tachones” Wind Plant((1)1)

Maracaibo, Dec 2001

Sponsor: Páez County, Zulia State, Venezuela

Presented by: Vily Frenk – Development Leader – Greenergy, C.A.

Tel. / Cell.: +58-261-791-1401 / +58-416-661-3736

Fax: +58-261-793-4305

E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

(1) Tachón(es), Wayuú Expression for “My Son(s)”

17 de abril de 2023 Los "Tachones" Wind Plant - Venezuela 2

IntroductionIntroduction

The Venezuelan Electrical Sector foresees a energy shortage starting by 2002. Various proposed solutions will not be effective until 2005 at the least. However, reaping Zulia’s Eolic Energetic Potential could help to diminish this situation cleanly and efficiently, at a competitive cost, by 2004, using a free and inexhaustible fuel – THE WINDTHE WIND.


ContentsContents

NeedNeed 44 OpportunityOpportunity 99 LocationLocation 1818 MarketMarket 2222 StrategyStrategy 2828 Equipment/BudgetEquipment/Budget 3131

Configuration / ResultsConfiguration / Results 3333 Economies, Impacts, SensitivitiesEconomies, Impacts, Sensitivities 3737 Activity PlanActivity Plan 3939 RecommendationRecommendation 4040


NeedNeed

There is an Electrical Energy Deficit in

Venezuela and the Zulia Region, estimated at 25

and 6 GWh/day, respectively.

This Deficit amounts to the Electricity consumed

by 2.2 Million Residential Clients, at the

National Level, and 224,000 at the Zulia Region.


Need INeed I

• It is required to thermally generate an average of 33 TWh/yr in the next three years (37 TWh/yr in 2003), to guarantee a reliable supply for the National Energy demand.

• Given that the current maximum thermal capacity is 28 TWh/yr (the historical produced maximum has been 24 TWh/yr), deficits of up to 9 TWh/yr are expected for 2003.

• Year 2003 required thermal generation exceeds the ideal and historical maximums in 50% of the scenarios studied. 2000MW New capacity will be needed in 2003.

• If year 2000 thermal generation level is maintained, the probability of Guri(1) Dam being maintained above unsafe levels is less than 20%.(1) Guri Dam Supplied 75% of Venezuela’s 2000 Power

Source: Presentation “OPERACIÓN DEL EMBALSE GURI Y BALANCES DE ENERGIA DEL SISTEMA ELECTRICO NACIONAL EN EL PERIODO 2001-2003”, Abril 2001, CVG-EDELCA


Need IINeed II

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

GW

h/m

on

th

232

237

242

247

252

257

262

267

272

EDELCA hydro CADAFE hydro THERMAL DEFICIT GURI LEVEL

VENEZUELA’S ELECTRICAL SYSTEM BALANCE @ MINIMUM HISTORICAL GURI INFLOWS & LIMTED HYDRO GENERATION STARTING MAY 2001.

4596 45544408

7128 7462 7798

2150 2333 2333

214558

747

1964(*)3502 m3/s

1965 (*)3797 m3/s

1966(*)4584 m3/s

Source: Presentation “OPERACIÓN DEL EMBALSE GURI Y BALANCES DE ENERGIA DEL SISTEMA ELECTRICO NACIONAL EN EL PERIODO 2001-2003”, Abril 2001, CVG-EDELCA

2001 2002 2003

(*) 1964 – 66, historic low inflow

Safe Dam Water Level Threshold


Need IIINeed III

Source: ENELGEN Planning, PDVSA I&P Western Div., PDVSA Gas Committee Western Div.

Any Western Thermal Generation Expansion will have to be supplied with exportable liquid or solid fossil fuels, since there is a mid-term gas shortage in the region.

Any Western Thermal Generation Expansion will have to be supplied with exportable liquid or solid fossil fuels, since there is a mid-term gas shortage in the region.

Western Region Peak Demand Analysis

2464

1964

2788

2214

1300

1650

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

MW

Peak Demand

"Ideal" Capacity

Total Capacity

Hydro Transmm Cap

Transmm. Opt. Project

TDA Project

New PDVSAPlants

Uses 60 MMCFPD + 24 KBPD (FO+GO)

Uses 40 MMPCD + 36 KBPD (FO+GO). Differential is at

least 8 KBPD.

New 574 MWNeeded


Western Venezuela's Natural Gas Balance

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

MS

CF

PD

Add. Potl. Demand

Add. Prob. Demand

Add. Firm Demand

EOR

Base Demand

LGN Transformed

Internal Consumption

Gas Production

Need IVNeed IV

An endemic regional natural gas shortage will be aggravated with the Western’s LGN start-up on 2005, which will lower the caloric contents of the supply diet.

An endemic regional natural gas shortage will be aggravated with the Western’s LGN start-up on 2005, which will lower the caloric contents of the supply diet.

Source:PDVSA I&P Western Div., PDVSA Gas Committee Western Div.


OpportunityOpportunity The Eolic Energy potential at Guajira Sites

appear to allow the best utilization and capacity factors ever heard of in the world wind energy industry.

In less than half the area, the Eolic Potential at Guajira and Venezuelan Gulf could equal Guri’s Power and surpass its Energy production Capabilities.


Opportunity I – Satellite Observations IOpportunity I – Satellite Observations I

Satellite Meteorological

Observations suggest that Guajira

Peninsula region is one of the windiest

coastline in the tropics.

Satellite Meteorological

Observations suggest that Guajira

Peninsula region is one of the windiest

coastline in the tropics.

Source:Synthetic Aperature Radar (SAR) scatterometer samplingwww.satlab.hawaii.edu/wocemwf2

ERS-2 JUNE AVRG. (1992-2000)

ERS-2 DECEMBER AVRG. (1992-2000)

Wind Velocity (m/s)


Opportunity II - Satellite Observations IIOpportunity II - Satellite Observations II


Opportunity IIIOpportunity III

Meteorological Stations with Wind Data - Locations

Trade WindsTrade Winds

Source: MARN (Venezuelan Environment Ministry), INTEVEP (PDVSA’s R&D Div.), SEMETFAV (Venezuelan Air Force Meteorological Service)

50 Km


Wind Velocity Monthly Averages

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

m/s

Caño Sagua 10.0 10.3 9.5 9.4 7.7 10.2 10.7 8.2 7.4 6.4 7.4 9.0

Caño Paijana 9.2 9.5 9.2 8.6 7.0 8.9 9.4 7.4 6.5 6.0 6.9 8.5

Punto Fijo 7.8 7.4 7.6 8.1 7.0 9.5 8.5 7.7 4.6 5.6 7.1 7.7

Santa Cruz 7.5 7.9 8.1 7.5 5.9 6.4 6.9 5.6 4.9 4.4 5.8 6.9

Coro Aerop 5.4 6.0 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.1 4.7 4.9

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Opportunity IV – Preliminary Site SelectionOpportunity IV – Preliminary Site Selection

Caño Sagua Region has the best Eolic Potential.

Caño Sagua Region has the best Eolic Potential.

Source: MARN, INTEVEP, SEMETFAV

Ann. 8.8 m/s

Ann. 8.1 m/s

Ann. 7.4 m/s

Ann. 6.5 m/s

Ann. 5.8 m/s


Caño Sagua Wind Velocity - Daily Averages 1993-1995

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

1/1/93 1/1/94 1/1/95

mts

/sec

Caño Sagua m/s

Year Avrg

30 per. Mov. Avg. (Caño Sagua m/s)

Opportunity V – Historic MeasurementsOpportunity V – Historic Measurements

Source: Anuarios MARNR 1993-1995, missing data assumed @ global yearly average

Average Year? “Good” Year? “Bad” Year or Measurement Error?


@10 mts

ClassTypical

DescriptionWind

Vel. (m/s)Wind

Vel. (m/s)

Power Density

(Watts/m2)

1 Poor <4.4 <5.6 <2002 Marginal 4.4-5.1 5.6-6.4 200-3003 Fair 5.1-5.6 6.4-7.0 300-4004 Good 5.6-6.0 7.0-7.5 400-5005 Excellent 6.0-6.4 7.5-8.0 500-6006 Outstanding 6.4-7.0 8.0-8.8 600-8007 Superb >7.0 >8.8 >800

Pto. Fijo 7.4 9.3 932Paijana 8.1 10.1 1222Sagua 8.8 11.0 1567

@50 mts

Opportunity VI – Energy Potential vs. Wind VelocityOpportunity VI – Energy Potential vs. Wind Velocity

Coro Aerop. 5.8 m/s

Coro Aerop. 5.8 m/s

Sta. Cruz de Mara

6.5 m/s

Sta. Cruz de Mara

6.5 m/s

Caño Paijana8.1 m/s

Caño Paijana8.1 m/s

Punto Fijo7.4 m/s

Punto Fijo7.4 m/s

Source: http://www.awea.org, Battelle Wind Energy Resource Atlas & author’s own calculations

Rayleigh Distribution and Sea Level conditions assumed. Vertical extrapolation assumes the 1/7 power law.

Caño Sagua8.8 m/s

Caño Sagua8.8 m/s


Opportunity VII – Opportunity VII – Stable ResourceStable Resource

Power Delivery Probability(Vestas V80-2000)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

- 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Power needed per machine

Pro

ba

bil

ity

of

les

s P

ow

er

tha

n n

ee

de

d

72% Capacity Factor@ Best Fitted WeibullWind Velocity Distrib.

Produces 80% or more of rated Power 46% of the time.

86% Capacity Factor@ Reported SaguaWind Velocity Distrib.

Produces 80% or more of rated Power 85% of the time.

Caño Sagua Wind Velocity Daily Average Distribution

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10

.0

11

.0

12

.0

13

.0

14

.0

15

.0

16

.0

17

.0

18

.0

19

.0

20

.0

mts / sec

Ob

serv

ed F

req

uen

cy

Sagua Freq

Best Weibull Fit

Best Weibull fitAverage = 8.7 m/s (3 yr)k-shape = 4.04

Average Capacity Factors: Europe ~21% USA ~31%Sagua’s Combination Of WindRegime and Velocity Allows ForSuperb Energy ProductionPer machine

Average Capacity Factors: Europe ~21% USA ~31%Sagua’s Combination Of WindRegime and Velocity Allows ForSuperb Energy ProductionPer machine

The Capacity Factor used for energy output calculations is more conservative, 69.1%, corresponding to a k=3 Weibull shape parameter

The Capacity Factor used for energy output calculations is more conservative, 69.1%, corresponding to a k=3 Weibull shape parameter


50 Km

GURIRESERVOIR(Silhouette)3,921 Km2

10,055 MW55 TWh (Good Years)

2.56 MW/Km2

GURIRESERVOIR(Silhouette)3,921 Km2

10,055 MW55 TWh (Good Years)

2.56 MW/Km2

Phase IV (Fill-in)Up to 650 x 2 MW = 1300 MW

Up to 218 km2 Onshore

Phase IV (Fill-in)Up to 650 x 2 MW = 1300 MW


Plant Prospective Location ZonesPlant Prospective Location Zones280 km280 km22 (up to 1600 MW Onshore) (up to 1600 MW Onshore)

Plant Prospective Location ZonesPlant Prospective Location Zones280 km280 km22 (up to 1600 MW Onshore) (up to 1600 MW Onshore)

Phases I & II(13+13) x 2 MW = 52 MW

Distributed Onshore 13 km2

Phases I & II(13+13) x 2 MW = 52 MW

Distributed Onshore 13 km2

Phase IIIUp to125 x 2 MW = 250 MW


Phase IIIUp to125 x 2 MW = 250 MW


TACHONESPhase V Offshore ?

1,644 km2

10,055 MW62 TWh

6.12 MW/km2

Source : Author’s Estimations based on existing data, preliminary Plant scoping & sizing and ENELDIS & EDELCA’s Reported Transm. Capacities, Current and Planned

Opportunity IIX - PotentialOpportunity IIX - Potential

Only 5% of affected area is effectively occupied by Wind

Mills. Remaining area can be used for

mining, agriculture or fishing.

Only 5% of affected area is effectively occupied by Wind

Mills. Remaining area can be used for

mining, agriculture or fishing.


LocationLocation Guajira Region is the most socially and

economically depressed in Zulia and Venezuela.

Location is dry, accessible, almost uninhabited.

Land is Government Owned and Administered by the Zulia State.


Location I - GeneralLocation I - GeneralMunicip. Páez, Edo. Zulia CoMunicip. Páez, Edo. Zulia Coaaststal Zoneal Zone

• Flat, Clayey, Salty, Quaternary Aluvional Soils• Great Marine Influence on Climate• Very Dry Tropical Shrubs, Bushes• Scarce Precipitation, ~ 425 mm/year• High Evaporation ~ 3400 mm/year• 28C Yearly Temp. Avrg. (Min 24-Max 32)• Low Nubosity 46%• High Solar Radiation ~ 6000 cal/cm2-yr• Extremely Scarce Surface Water

Source: Anuarios MARN, INTEVEP, SEMETFAV, http://www.civila.com/venezuela/zulia/paez/paez1.html


Location II – Socio-Economic DataLocation II – Socio-Economic Data

Capital: Sinamaica. Municipal Limits: To the North, with the “República de Colombia”; To the East, with the “Golfo de Venezuela” and the “Municipio Almirante Padilla” to the SE corner; To the South, with the “Municipio Mara” and to the West, con la “República de Colombia”.

Municipio Páez ìs located at Zulia’s State and Venezuela’s Northwest Corner. It extends for 2.369 Km², representing 4.7 % of the State’s Territory and 0.26% of the Nation’s.

POPULATION AND DENSITY: Using the 1990 (last available) Census as baseline, the estimate for 1999 is 72.607 inhabitants (2,3 % from the State’s total (3.129.317 hab.). Its population density is 30.6 inhab/km². It is made up by 4 parishes, as follows:

PARISH (km2) km2

(as per OCEI)HAB. 1999

HAB 2000

PARISH SEAT

Elías Sánchez Rubio 499 442.7964 46,699 48,828 El Molinete

Alta_Guajira 519 559.2044 4,498 4,703 Cojoro

Guajira 1,040 851.3229 17,992 18,812 Paraguaipoa

Sinamaica 311 262.9807 3,418 3,574 Sinamaica (Capital)

Total 2,369 2,116.3044 72,607 75,917

COMERCIAL ENVIRONMENTIts excellent geographic position originates potential competitive advantages for an International Seaport. The same goes for Tourism and recreational spaces, specially in the “Laguna de Sinamaica” where the native “Paraujanos” live over water.

CULTUREIt is considered a very conservative and traditional County, with a high degree of indigenous art preservation; completely endogenous folkloric festivities are kept faithfully. It has been a source of inspiration for writers and poets, as with Don Rómulo Gallegos’ novel “Sobre la Misma Tierra” (Over our very own Land). Great attractions are the hand knit rugs, intricate hammocks, the native cemeteries and the local values and traditions kept for generation after generation.

GASTRONOMY: Fish, Pork and Goat stews.MÚSIC: Chicha Maya (Native Wayuú Folcloric Nuptial Dance)HANDICRAFT: Pottery, Multicolor/Designer Hand Knit Rugs and Wall covers, considered as Art Works in America’s and Europe’s Museums.

• Municipio Páez is the poorest county in Venezuela (less than $200/year IGP per capita).

• Region is home to “Wayuu” Indigenous People, which is a 275,000 person transnational (Venezuela-Colombia) Ethnic Entity.

Source: CONZUPLAN, CORPOZULIA, OCEI http://www.civila.com/venezuela/zulia/paez/paez1.html


Location III – Terrain AspectLocation III – Terrain Aspect

Source: Own Field Study &http://www.civila.com/venezuela/zulia/paez/paez1.html


MarketMarket Real (non subsidized) Rates for the Existing Zulia

Energy Basket are higher than Wind Energy’s Expected Price.

New Thermal Energy Costs are also higher than Wind’s, but for Natural Gas.

There are enough Transmission facilities to get the Energy to the Market with minimal investment needs.

New Law asks for free competition in the generation sector and allows PPPA’s.


ENELVEN Market

Zone

1450 MWFROM EDELCA

Transm. Lines

(From Guri Hydro)

Market I – Phases I-III Influence ZoneMarket I – Phases I-III Influence Zone

XXXXCourtesy IPD LatinAmerica

Source: OPSIS, Eneldis, System Planning Office

200 MWTO CADAFE

ENELCO & ENELDIS 400 KV S/E’s

Ramón LagunaPlant (ENELGEN)


Market II – The Energy PriceMarket II – The Energy PricePrecios de Energía (Zulia)

Cesta CompletaSolo Térmica

(Existente)Solo Térmica

(Nueva)Eólica

Privada

6.9 a 34.5 kV 22.9 29.1 NA115 kV y más 22.0 28.1 NA

6.9 a 34.5 kV 27.2 34.3 38 - 43 18.8 - 31.5115 kV y más 26.2 33.4 36.5 - 41.5

6.9 a 34.5 kV 39.1 46.2 45 - 50 29.5 - 34.5115 kV y más 38.2 45.3 43.5 - 48.5

$/MWh

Original

Nueva Dieta de Combustibles CON Subsidio

Nueva Dieta de Combustibles SIN Subsidio

IPP Economics; 1.5$/Mbtu Coal1.0 $/Mbtu Bottoms, 2.5 $/Mbtu Gas4.0 $/Mbtu LNG

C/k

Wh

(20

Yr.

Leve

lized

)

2

Combined CycleCombined Cycle IGCCIGCC SteamSteam

Fuel

O&M

Capital

DifferentialFuel Cost

1

3

4

5

6

0Coal Refinery

BottomsF Ref. HBottoms

HCoal

FCoal

FGas

HGas

FLNG

HLNG

GT25417D

BaseloadBaseload Plant CompetitivenessPlant CompetitivenessFrom General ElectricFrom General Electric

Wind Cost Range14 to

30 $/MWh


S/S Pto. Rosa20 / 17 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Pto. Rosa20 / 17 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Paso Diablo24 / 8 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Paso Diablo24 / 8 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Tulé / HidroLago28 / 23 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Tulé / HidroLago28 / 23 MW

(Max / Curr.)

Pararú(Future Coal Port)

26 / 9 MW(Max / Curr.)

S/S Nueva Lucha52 / 43 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Nueva Lucha52 / 43 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Mara18 / 15 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Mara18 / 15 MW

(Max / Curr.)

Wind Plant Prospective Location ZoneWind Plant Prospective Location ZoneImmediate Influence Zone Demand (2002)

184184 MW / 1 MW / 12121 MW (Max / MW (Max / Avrg. 2004Avrg. 2004))Surplus/Deficit to/from S/S Cuatricentenario

Wind Plant Prospective Location ZoneWind Plant Prospective Location ZoneImmediate Influence Zone Demand (2002)

184184 MW / 1 MW / 12121 MW (Max / MW (Max / Avrg. 2004Avrg. 2004))Surplus/Deficit to/from S/S Cuatricentenario

Ramón Laguna Plant (640 MW)

Ramón Laguna Plant (640 MW)

From Rafael Urdaneta Plant

From Rafael Urdaneta Plant

50 Km

Venezuela’s Regional NW GridVenezuela’s Regional NW Grid

S/S Cuatricentenario

Connects to 250 & 400 kV National

Systems

S/S Cuatricentenario

Connects to 250 & 400 kV National

Systems

Coal ZoneMina Norte

Paso DiabloSocuy Norte / Sur

Cachirí

Coal ZoneMina Norte

Paso DiabloSocuy Norte / Sur

Cachirí

24 kV Circuit (26 MW/circuit)

138 kV Circuit & S/S’s (250 MW/circuit)

138 kV (construction / future)

24 kV Circuit (26 MW/circuit)

138 kV Circuit & S/S’s (250 MW/circuit)

138 kV (construction / future)

Phase II13 x 2 MW

distributed 24 kV circuit Upgrade

Phase II13 x 2 MW

distributed 24 kV circuit Upgrade

La ConcepciónPlant

La ConcepciónPlant

Source: Eneldis, System Planning Office

S/S Socuy16 / 6 MW

(Max / Curr.)

S/S Socuy16 / 6 MW

(Max / Curr.)

Proposed System = 154 MWWill produce approximate amount of annual energy

consumed by “Zulia Norte”

Proposed System = 154 MWWill produce approximate amount of annual energy

consumed by “Zulia Norte”


Market V – Venezuelan Electrical Sector LiberalizationMarket V – Venezuelan Electrical Sector Liberalization

Centralized Planning Procedures are being replaced by Market Driven Centralized Planning Procedures are being replaced by Market Driven MechanismsMechanisms ( (Law becomes effective Law becomes effective Sep 200Sep 20022):):

Private Investment in GenerationPrivate Investment in Generation..

Free Competition for Electric Power GenerationFree Competition for Electric Power Generation

Wholesale Energy MarketWholesale Energy Market Generators will be paid “spot” pricesGenerators will be paid “spot” prices Generator’s dispatch offers based on total costsGenerator’s dispatch offers based on total costs Hourly Energy Production & Consumption (MWh) valued at the Hourly Energy Production & Consumption (MWh) valued at the

Connection Node’s Short Term Marginal CostConnection Node’s Short Term Marginal Cost ( (STSTMC)MC). This is . This is the “spot” price ($/MWh)the “spot” price ($/MWh)..

Any party willing to invest in the Venezuelan Generation Market Any party willing to invest in the Venezuelan Generation Market shall compete on the Wholesale Energy “Spot” Marketshall compete on the Wholesale Energy “Spot” Market..

Bilateral PPA’s are allowed.Bilateral PPA’s are allowed. A 35 mills (35 $/MWh) Nodal STMC is estimated for Zulia A 35 mills (35 $/MWh) Nodal STMC is estimated for Zulia

Northern Zone.Northern Zone.

Centralized Planning Procedures are being replaced by Market Driven Centralized Planning Procedures are being replaced by Market Driven MechanismsMechanisms ( (Law becomes effective Law becomes effective Sep 200Sep 20022):):

Private Investment in GenerationPrivate Investment in Generation..

Free Competition for Electric Power GenerationFree Competition for Electric Power Generation

Wholesale Energy MarketWholesale Energy Market Generators will be paid “spot” pricesGenerators will be paid “spot” prices Generator’s dispatch offers based on total costsGenerator’s dispatch offers based on total costs Hourly Energy Production & Consumption (MWh) valued at the Hourly Energy Production & Consumption (MWh) valued at the

Connection Node’s Short Term Marginal CostConnection Node’s Short Term Marginal Cost ( (STSTMC)MC). This is . This is the “spot” price ($/MWh)the “spot” price ($/MWh)..

Any party willing to invest in the Venezuelan Generation Market Any party willing to invest in the Venezuelan Generation Market shall compete on the Wholesale Energy “Spot” Marketshall compete on the Wholesale Energy “Spot” Market..

Bilateral PPA’s are allowed.Bilateral PPA’s are allowed. A 35 mills (35 $/MWh) Nodal STMC is estimated for Zulia A 35 mills (35 $/MWh) Nodal STMC is estimated for Zulia

Northern Zone.Northern Zone.

Source: Eneldis, MEM – “Metodología para calcular los costos alternos de Generación”. Procedure made by Dr. Fernando Lecaros.


SingleSinglePurposePurpose

CompanyCompanyCreationCreation

Strategy I – Probable Business StructureStrategy I – Probable Business Structure

FinancingAgreement

UNFCCC(**)Certification

(ClimateChange)

FiscalIncentivesAgreement

UNGEF (*)Donation

Agreement

(*) UNGEF – United Nations Global Environment Facility(**) UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

NationalGovernment

Approval

Promoting EntitiesMemorandum ofUnderstanding

DetailedFeasibility

Study

Infrastruct.Turn-KeyDelivery

Agreemnt

EnergyEnergyOff-takeOff-take

AgreementAgreement

LandLandRightsRights

AgreementAgreement

Operation &MaintenanceAgreement


Strategy II – What to do to keep costs down ?Strategy II – What to do to keep costs down ?

Invest in Site selectionInvest in Site selection[ Power = f (V[ Power = f (Vmm))3 3 ].].

Small differences in wind average velocity greatly influence productivity and Small differences in wind average velocity greatly influence productivity and electricity cost. 10% in wind velocity difference represents 33.1% more power.electricity cost. 10% in wind velocity difference represents 33.1% more power.

Use Big Wind GeneratorsUse Big Wind Generators[ Power = f (Rotor Area)[ Power = f (Rotor Area)2 2 ] but [Cost = f (Rotor Area)].] but [Cost = f (Rotor Area)].

An 100% increase in turbine power reduces by 36% the unitary cost.An 100% increase in turbine power reduces by 36% the unitary cost.

Build a Big PlantBuild a Big Plant [> 50 Mw, > 75-150 turbines].[> 50 Mw, > 75-150 turbines].

Scale economies arise from common facilities.Scale economies arise from common facilities.

Look for favorable financial and business structuringLook for favorable financial and business structuringLeverage & Municipal Structuring can drive the electricity cost down 20 to Leverage & Municipal Structuring can drive the electricity cost down 20 to 30% (and even more).30% (and even more).

Invest in Site selectionInvest in Site selection[ Power = f (V[ Power = f (Vmm))3 3 ].].

Small differences in wind average velocity greatly influence productivity and Small differences in wind average velocity greatly influence productivity and electricity cost. 10% in wind velocity difference represents 33.1% more power.electricity cost. 10% in wind velocity difference represents 33.1% more power.

Use Big Wind GeneratorsUse Big Wind Generators[ Power = f (Rotor Area)[ Power = f (Rotor Area)2 2 ] but [Cost = f (Rotor Area)].] but [Cost = f (Rotor Area)].

An 100% increase in turbine power reduces by 36% the unitary cost.An 100% increase in turbine power reduces by 36% the unitary cost.

Build a Big PlantBuild a Big Plant [> 50 Mw, > 75-150 turbines].[> 50 Mw, > 75-150 turbines].

Scale economies arise from common facilities.Scale economies arise from common facilities.

Look for favorable financial and business structuringLook for favorable financial and business structuringLeverage & Municipal Structuring can drive the electricity cost down 20 to Leverage & Municipal Structuring can drive the electricity cost down 20 to 30% (and even more).30% (and even more).Source: AWEA – Clean Energy for our Environment & Economy and own calculations


Strategy III – The PlanStrategy III – The PlanThe Project must DEFINE :

Technical and Commercial ConsiderationsWind Velocity, Accessibility, Infrastructure, Constructibility and Economic Feasibility, among others.

Environmental ConsiderationsAnalysis of Project Impacts on the ecological, social and cultural Interests and Groups. Rigorously needed for appropriate site selection and development.

Consultation & Dialogue ProtocolsThe dialogue between The Developer and: Local Planning Authorities, Community, Local Interest Groups, NGO’s and Government Consultants shall be fluid.

Although the three fundamental aspects are mentioned separately, they are closely interrelated and have an important reciprocal influence.

These considerations should cover the project’s:• Initial Site Selection Phase;• Decision and Formulation Support Document detailed evaluation Phase;• Facility Construction and Start-up Phase;• Project’s Operation Monitoring Phase; and• Final Site Clearing and Disposal Phase.

As the evaluation proceeds, the gained knowledge should allow the detailed design As the evaluation proceeds, the gained knowledge should allow the detailed design development. The relationships between Effects Estimating and Project Design are development. The relationships between Effects Estimating and Project Design are iterative, thus re-evaluation and continuous consultation are necessary.iterative, thus re-evaluation and continuous consultation are necessary..

Source: European Best Practice Guidelines for Wind Energy Development - EWEA


Equip. & Budget III – Estimated Investment – Phases I, II & partial IIIEquip. & Budget III – Estimated Investment – Phases I, II & partial IIIPreliminaryInvestmentEstimate

UnitsperUnit Size n

Total(k$)

Local(k$)

DirectImports

(k$)

ÌndirectImports

(k$)

kW 2000Eng & Electronics 1.740777 16,085 - 16,085 - Rotors mt 80 23,953 - 23,953 - Gearboxes kW 2000 19,758 - 19,758 - Generators kW 2000 19,758 - 19,758 - Towers mt 80 14,105 12,695 - 1,411

Equipment Subtotal 93,659 12,695 79,554 1,411

Foundations m3 512 9,516 9,040 - 476 Roads & Cabling km 2.02 7,155 6,797 - 358 Erection mt 80 6,456 4,520 - 1,937 Foot Transformers kVA 7500 11,495 6,897 - 4,598 Buildings LumpSum 1 300 270 - 30 Phone Comm. ea. 1 77 23 - 54

Installation Subtotal 34,999 27,547 - 7,452 Owner's Costs Eqp+Inst 5% 6,433 4,825 1,608 - Feasibility Study LumpSum 1 499 140 359 - Detail Engineering Inst 2% 700 700 - - Municipal Taxes Inst Cost 3% 1,050 1,050 - -

Transp & Customs ImpEqp 25% 15,911 14,320 - 1,591

Total Farm 153,251 61,276 81,522 10,454

Main S/S MVA 130 3,442 1,377 - 2,065 138 kv Transm Line km 37 3,515 2,285 - 1,230

Grand Total 160,208 64,937 81,522 13,749


• Units (2 MW ea) 26 (Phases I&II)

51 (Phase IIIa)

• MW (Nominal) 52 (Phase I&II)

102 (Phase IIIa)

• Ultimate MWh/unit-yr 12,264

• Ultimate Cap. Factor 0.70

• Plant Area (km2) 13 (Phase I&II)

19 (Phase IIIa)

• 1 Row x 26 units (Phase I&II)• 1 Row x 13 + 1 Row x 38 units (Phase IIIa)

• One unit every 0.4 km• 16 km (L) x 2 km (D) (Phase I, II&

IIIa)

• Units (2 MW ea) 26 (Phases I&II)

51 (Phase IIIa)

• MW (Nominal) 52 (Phase I&II)

102 (Phase IIIa)

• Ultimate MWh/unit-yr 12,264

• Ultimate Cap. Factor 0.70

• Plant Area (km2) 13 (Phase I&II)

19 (Phase IIIa)

• 1 Row x 26 units (Phase I&II)• 1 Row x 13 + 1 Row x 38 units (Phase IIIa)

• One unit every 0.4 km• 16 km (L) x 2 km (D) (Phase I, II&

IIIa)

• Nation Saves 5,431 Bpd Gas-Oil, [29 Million SCFPD Natural Gas]

• Avoids Emission of 850 kTon/yr CO2

• “Shaves off” 60 MW from Maximum Peak Demand

• Nation Gets Additional Income of US$ 29.8 Million per year (31.6 $/MWh)

• Nation Saves 5,431 Bpd Gas-Oil, [29 Million SCFPD Natural Gas]

• Avoids Emission of 850 kTon/yr CO2

• “Shaves off” 60 MW from Maximum Peak Demand

• Nation Gets Additional Income of US$ 29.8 Million per year (31.6 $/MWh)

Equip. & Budget IV - Configuration / Results – Phases I&II and Partial IIIEquip. & Budget IV - Configuration / Results – Phases I&II and Partial III

• Proposed Project will produce up to 154 MW to feed the existing local grid.

• 944 GWh Energy produced is enough to feed 75,000 ENELVEN residential clients.

• Electricity will be sold on an IPP basis.

• Certificates of Emission Reduction (CER) could be used to guarantee a 15% IRR and/or endow a Regional Foundation. Estimated CER Value = US$ 2.98 Million/yr

• Proposed Project will produce up to 154 MW to feed the existing local grid.

• 944 GWh Energy produced is enough to feed 75,000 ENELVEN residential clients.

• Electricity will be sold on an IPP basis.

• Certificates of Emission Reduction (CER) could be used to guarantee a 15% IRR and/or endow a Regional Foundation. Estimated CER Value = US$ 2.98 Million/yr

BudgetFeasibility Study Quantity Unit

Unit Price(US$)

Total(US$)

Wind Monitoring Stations 12 ea 16570 198,840 Prospecting Reports 12 trips 3575 42,900 Project Specification 1700 ph 105 178,500 Business Structuring 750 ph 105 78,750

TOTAL 498,990

PDVSA gets as much PDVSA gets as much additional income per additional income per kWh produced as the kWh produced as the “base” selling price of “base” selling price of electricity (see electricity (see economies)economies)

PDVSA gets as much PDVSA gets as much additional income per additional income per kWh produced as the kWh produced as the “base” selling price of “base” selling price of electricity (see electricity (see economies)economies)


Estimated Activity ScheduleEstimated Activity SchedulePromotor

Pre-Factibilidad

Factibilidad

Contrato Turn-Key

E F M A M J J A S O N D E F M A M J J A S O N D E F M A M J J A S O N D E F M A M J J A S O N D

1. Site Selection

1.1.1. Initial Technical Analysis

1.1.1.1. Eolic Potential

1.1.1.2 Connection Feasibility

1.1.1.3. Access and Roads

1.1.1.4. Estimated Size

1.1.1.5. Survey

1.1.1.6. Potential Investors

1.2.1. Initial Environmental Analysis

1.2.1.1. Visual Aspect

1.2.1.2. Especial Zones Proximity

1.2.1.3. Ecologiy

1.2.1.4. Archeology and History

1.2.1.5. Recreational Uses

1.2.1.6. Near Military and Civil Airports

1.2.1.7. Restricted Areas

1.3.1. Initial Consultation with local Planning Authorities

2. Feasibility

2.1.1. Detailed Eolic Potential - Measurements

2.1.2. Detailed Survey

2.1.3. Soil Conditions – Soil Survey

2.1.4. Site Access

2.1.5. Electrical Connection Route and Type

2.1.6. Draft Project – Machine Size and Number

2.2.1. Environmental Impact Study Scope Definition

2.3.1. Notification of Study to Local Planning Authority

2.3.2.1. Study Consultation and Participation with Local Community

2.3.2.2.Measurement Masts Erection and Activity Notification

3. Detailed Design

3.1. Technical and Economics Considerations

3.2. Environmental Considerations

3.3. Dialog and Consultation

4. Permit Application Approval

4.1. Processing

4.2. Permit Covenants

5. Construction

I II III IVI II III IVI II III IVI II III IV

2002 2003 2004 2005

Site AppraisalInitial Technical Analysis

Initial Environmental Analysis

Initial ConsultationFeasibility

Detailed Design

Permitting

Construction & Operation

Proyecto Eolico Los Tachones

Documents

Transcript of Proyecto Eolico Los Tachones