planetebis aRlumi

medea kakaCia

klasi VIkiTxvis done – 6.2teqstis tipi – sainformacio-SemecnebiTi

saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PriEd) madlobas uxdis lela qistaurs, rezo gogias, nugzar arCe maSvils da eliso rexviaSvils, romlebmac paata papavas xelmZRvanelobiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes am wignebis momzadebaSi. gansakuTrebuli madloba qalbaton medea kakaCias (USAID) gawe uli daxmarebisTvis.

am masalis momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis keTili nebiTa da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT. masalebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia SemdgenelTa jgufi da igi ar warmoadgens aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa da aSS mTavrobis azrs. Ees masala momzadda aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqtis farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan erTad.

mzadeba aRlumisTvis

mze varskvlavia. namdvili, didi, kaSkaSa da Zlieri varskvlavi, romelic anaTebs da Tavis irgvliv yvelafers aTbobs. drodadro mzis sistemis planetebi mis win Camwkrivdebian xolme, rasac planetebis aRlums uwodeben. am dros dedamiwas didi Tavsatexi uCndeba. xumroba xom ar aris: eqvs sxva planetasTan erTad mwyobrad unda Caiaros Tavisi varskvlavis, mzis, win da misgan gan-sakuTrebuli yuradReba daimsaxuros!

mzisgan sxvadasxva manZiliT daSorebuli cxra planeta mudmivad Soridan `etrfis~ Tavis mTavar varskvlavs, mis irgvliv orbitaze moZraobs. mzec Soridan `ealerseba~ planetebs, TiToeuls siTbo-Ti da siyvaruliT miacilebs Tavis gzaze. mzis irgvliv erTi sruli brunis Sesrulebisas plane-taze erTi weliwadi gadis. sxvadasxva planeta mzis garSemo brunis gakeTebas sxvadasxva dros an-domebs. amitom dedamiwis weliwadi sxvaa (365 an 366 dRe-Rame), sxva planetebis weliwadi ki – sxva.

planetebi mzesac uvlian garSemo da Tan saku-Tari RerZis garSemoc trialeben. TiTqos mzes ekeklucebian da cdiloben, rom Tavisi yvela mxare daanaxvon. am Tavbrudamxvevi bzrialisas, plane-tis is mxare, romelsac igi mzisken miaqcevs, naTde-ba, mze amodis da aisi dgeba; xolo roca es mxare mzisgan Tvals miefareba, iq sibnele isadgurebs, mze Cadis da Ramdeba. sakuTari RerZis garSemo erTi sruli brunis gakeTebisas planetaze erTi dRe-Rame gadis. mere ki yvelaferi Tavidan iwyeba.

aRmoCnda, rom dedamiwa yvelaze `kekluci~ plane-taa: sanam mzes dauvlis, e. i. erTi weliwadi gava, igi

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daaxloebiT 365-jer Semotrialdeba Tavisi RerZis garSemo. `sikekluceSi~ Semdegia marsi: 360-jer Se-motrialdeba erTi weliwadis ganmavlobaSi (igu-lisxmeba marsis weliwadi). merkuri da venera ki yvelaze metad aRmoCndnen darwmunebulni TavianT silamazeSi, mzes zedmetad ar ekeklucebian. sanam mzes srulad Semouvlis, merkuri mxolod erT bruns akeTebs Tavisi RerZis garSemo. amitom is mzisken mxo lod erTi mxariTaa mibrunebuli.1 venera ki Tavi-si RerZis garSemo ufro nela moZraobs, vidre mzis garSemo. am planetaze mze sam weliwadSi (igulisxme-ba veneras weliwadi) mxolod orjer amodis.

mzesa da mis planetebs Soris es uwyveti kavSiri planetebis aRlumis dros gansakuTrebuli sila-maziT warmoCndeba. aq TiTqmis yvela planeta erT-droulad mzis winaSec wardgeba da ̀ kolegebTanac~ moiwonebs Tavs. amitomac, isini aRlumisTvis sa-gangebod emzadebian. didi xniT adre cdiloben Tavi moawonon mzes da usasrulo mogzaurobisTvis misgan energiis momdevno ulufac miiRon. cxadia, dedamiwac gansakuTrebulad emzadeba: Tavisi mSve-nieri silurjiT2 cdilobs ajobos `kolegebs~.

1 gaixseneT, rom mTvaris brunvis siCqare sakuTari RerZis garSe-mo emTxveva misi brunvis siCqares dedamiwis garSemo. amitom mTvare mudam erTi mxariTaa mibrunebuli dedamiwisken. aseTivea merkurisa da mzis `urTierTobac~.

2 kosmosidan dedamiwa lurjad Cans, rac mis zedapirze arsebuli okeaneebis feriTaa gamowveuli.

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bolo dros, dedamiwas saaRlumod axali saz-runavic gauCnda. masze aRmocenebuli sicocxle sxva planetebzec eZebs gagrZelebisa da gamrav-lebis saSualebas! amiT dedamiwas sicocxlis ukv-davyofa unda. magram dedamiwidan gagzavnil kos-mosur xomaldebs sxva planetebze jerjerobiT si-cocxlisTvis saWiro yvela piroba ver upoviaT. aRlumze planetebi erTianad gaibrwyineben da Cven maT dafarul mxareebsac davinaxavT. vin icis, iqneb maTze sicocxlisTvis saWiro pirobebis niSnebic gamoCndes. dauRalavad fusfusebs dedamiwa aRlu-mis win, uamrav teleskops momarTavs da moamzadebs planetebze dasakvirveblad.

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moaRlume planetebi

mzis sistemis cxra planetidan aRlumSi mxolod Svidi monawile-obs, maTgan erT-erTi dedamiwaa. or monawiles, merkursa da vene-ras, „qveda planetebs“ vu-wodebT, radgan isini dedami-widan „qvemoT“, mzesTan ufro axlos moZraoben. marsi, iupi-teri, saturni da urani ki „zeda planetebia“, vinaidan isini dedamiwis `ze-moT~, mzisgan ufro Sors arian.

mzesTan yvelaze axlos merkuria, vercxlisferi planeta. igi caze Zalze swrafad moZraobs. amito-mac romaelebi mas `malemsrbols~, `mstovars~ uwodebdnen. radgan merkuri mzesTan yvelaze ax-losaa, misi zedapiric Zalze cxelia. mis wiaRSi rkinis didi raodenobaa. etyoba am vercxlisfer rainds, zedapirisgan gansxvavebiT, guli mainc civi aqvs.

mzidan rigiT meore planeta veneraa, mesame ki – dedamiwa. venera kaSkaSaa. sikaSkaSiT dRisiT igi mxolod mzes Camouvardeba, RamiT – mTvares. aseTi TvalismomWreli silamazisTvis Searqva mas dedami-wam siyvarulis qalRmerTis, veneras, saxeli. vene-ra Zalian hgavs dedamiwas. amitom dedamiwa mas Tav-is dobilsac ki uwodebs. orive axalgazrda da la-mazia. TiTqmis erTnairi zoma, wona da qimiuri Semadgenloba aqvT. Tumca gansxvavebac aris. maga-liTad: dedamiwas hyavs mudmivi Tanamgzavri – mT-vare, veneras – ara.

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marsi mTvare

dedamiwa

neptuni

saturni

iupiteri

merkuri

venera

urani

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SedarebiT mcire zomis planetebs Soris mzidan rigiT meoTxea marsi. mas ori mTvare, anu ori bu-neb rivi Tanamgzavri hyavs: fobosi da diemosi. marsi uxvadaa dafaruli rkinis naerTebiT, egreT wodebuli daJanguli rkiniT, TiTqos mTeli plane-taa daJanguli. amis gamo marsi dedamiwidan wiTlad moCans. amitomac mas `wiTel planetas~ vuwodebT. sicocxlisTvis rkina saWiro elementia. dedami-wis kosmosurma xomaldebma marsze wylis kvalsac miagnes. aRlumze yvelaze metad dedamiwa swored am Tavisze 10-jer patara planetas unda daakvir-des. SesaZloa, masze sicocxlisTvis saWiro sxva pirobebic aRmoCndes.

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iupiteri giganturi planetaa da, wina oTxi planetisgan gansxvavebiT, myari sxe uli ar aqvs. is siTxisa da airebisgan Sedgeba. mzis sistemaSi igi yvelaze didi ciuri sxeulia, 1300 dedamiwasac

ki daitevda! am planetis sxvadasxva fena ganuwyvetliv moZraobs, rac masze mudmiv

qariSxlebs iwvevs. iupiteris qariSxlebi dedami-widan Cans gansxvavebuli ferisa da zomis zolebad, romlebic sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT moZraoben. ami tomac uwodebs mas dedamiwa `feradi zolebis~ an `feradi qariSxlebis~ planetas. iupiteris irgv-liv 50 `mTvare~ (mudmivi Tanamgzavri) aRmoaCines.

planeta saturni Zalian hgavs iupi-ters, masaviT airebisgan Sedgenili gi-

ganturi sxeulia, Tumca zomiT mniSv-nelovnad Camouvardeba. saturnis ̀ savaWro

niSania~ mis irgvliv moZravi yinulis nawi-lakebisgan Semdgari kaSkaSa rgolebi, rom-

lebic dedamiwis teleskopebidan saocrad lamazad Cans. saturnis mravali `mTvaridan~ (mudmivi Tana-mg zav ridan) ori maTgani swored am rgolebSia moq-ceuli da maTTan erTad moZraobs planetis irgv-liv.

urani iyo pirveli planeta, romelic dedamiwis teleskopebma aRmoaCines. adre mas uwodebdnen `samoTxes~, RmerTebis dabadebis adgils. iqneb marTla sain-teresoa urani Cveni planetisTvis? mas

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iseTive Semadgenloba aqvs, rogoric dedamiwas. aqedan gagzavnilma xomaldma uranze yinulis niS-nebic ki aRmoaCina. urani Soridan mTlianad lurji Cans, rac dedamiwas afiqrebinebs, rom iq didi da Rrma okeaneebia. urans sul 27 `mTvare~ hyavs. ra-sakvirvelia, dedamiwa aRlumze mas interesiT daak-virdeba.

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aRlumi

planetebis aRlumic daiwyo. mzis win patara verc xlisferi cecxli ainTo. es qroliT momavali merkuria. Semdeg venera da marsic akaSkaSdnen. ro-gorc ki mzes iupiteri gausworda, mis irgvliv moulodnelad raRac abdRvrialda. Tur me, satur-nis msgavsad, masac hqonia airis rgolebi. Tumca, iupiteris rgolebi gacilebiT mcire zomisaa. iupi-teris es saidumlo mxolod planetebis aRlumze mJRavndeba. am dros iupiteris qariSxliani zolebic ufro feraddeba da kaSkaSebs. male didebuli saturnic gamoCnda. SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac tkbeba dedamiwa misi oqrosferi disko-Ti. diskos irgvliv airis didi rgolebi TeTrad kaSkaSebs. sul bolos urani gamoCnda. roca mzes-Tan aRlumze gamodis, mudam lurji urani mwvane ferebiT Wreldeba. zeca meteorebis ulamazesi feierverkiT Sexvda planetebs.

ulamazesi cis xilvisTanave Cvenma planetam te-leskopebi momarTa da daiwyo

`kolegebze~ dakvirveba. pla-ne tebic gansakuTrebulad cdi loben misi gulis mogebas:

undaT mzesac moawonon Tavi da dedamiwasac. surT dedamiwam dai-naxos, rom sicocxlis gagrZeleba maTTanac SesaZlebelia. didxans marto yofna xom aravis uyvars!

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kiTxvebi

daakvirdiT cxrils, moiSvelieT teqsti da upasuxeT SekiTxvebs.

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dedamiwa

marsi

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lurji da TeTri cisferi CanarTebiT

wiTeli

feradzo le biani, wiTeli TvaliT

oqrosferi, TeTri rgolebiT

lurji, nacrisferi CanarTebiT

lurji

WuWyiani yavisferi, TeTri gamWvirvale CanarTebiT

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1

1 astronomiuli erTeuli – manZilis sazomi, romelic miaxloebiT udris manZils dedamiwasa da mzes Soris.

2 dedamiwis masa – masis erTeuli. 11

• daasaxeleT planetebi, romlebzec oqrosferi sWar-bobs;

• daasaxeleT planetebi, romlebzec lurji feri sWar-bobs;

• daasaxeleT vercxlisferi planeta;

• ra hqvia `wiTel planetas~?

• ratom ewodeba marss `wiTeli planeta~, xolo dedami-was – `lurji~?

• daasaxeleT yvelaze didi da yvelaze mcire planete-bi;

• romel planetebs uwodeben „dobilebs“?

• daasaxeleT mzisgan yvelaze Sors da yvelaze axlos mdebare planetebi;

• ratom aris iupiteri yvelaze mZime planeta?

• ratom aris merkuri yvelaze msubuqi planeta?

• daasaxeleT `qveda~ da `zeda~ planetebi;

• merkuris ramdeni weliwadis tolia dedamiwis erTi weliwadi? daasabuTeT;

• ra kanonzomierebebs gamohyofdiT cxrilisa da teqs-tis mixedviT?

• Tqveni azriT, kosmosSi bnela Tu sinaTlea? ratom fiqrobT ase?

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planetebi KDAplanetebi