Ocha’a Mve, Constantino. Guinea Ecuatorial: polémica y realidad. [S.l.: Guinea, 1985.

7/22/2019 Ocha’a Mve, Constantino. Guinea Ecuatorial: polémica y realidad. [S.l.: Guinea, 1985.

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GAOWFTEI DIOLn...FDWF\I GA ÂL[FDB . . . . . . . . . .

n N gasdiniofzbdfôo ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn ao

an diotaxti ga nbs fogapaogaodfbs rtahriblrf.dbobs ga nis bòis sasaotb .n Frrupdfôo ga nb gaeidrbdfb h u f o ~

adubtirfbob .;. Nb pboirâefdb diotfoaotbn .

NB [ADIOTW[nCDDFIO .

o b radiostruddfôo .

AN ]QAKNI V TQ GnOBEnDB GA DBEKFIT .

An p ~ n in gfoâefdb ga dbekfis .

nBT DII[GAOBGBT GAN GATB[[IQ..I .

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DIOTW OWFOI IDJB 3 E\A KAOHIKAT E

\ Gfbhoisfs :6

\F ]rihoisfs 2=6

foâefdb ga nb axp osfôo fotaro dfio n 228

n Axfhaodfbs y bntarobtfvbs 228

; Bpirtas gan axtarfir 4;



ralbdfi

Dubogi prinflarb tboti dieaotbrfi drftfdi tbotb nfta-rbturb saosbdfiobnfstb ao an axtrbocari b vadas dioeâs adi fotarobdfiobn q . a nis ioda bòis dråtfdis sulrf-gis pir nb [apóknfdb gf Hufoab Adubtirfbn bdardb ga

asta pbås dio axpiotbotCfgbg foaxdusbkna kritb ga e

pnueb «Hufoab AdubtiCfbn ]inæefdb y [abnfgbg° oipbrb gbr raspuastb b astis bekfaotas hufoaôlikis niqua sôni supiogråb aosbodjbr nb trfkuob gfbnædtfdb ganb praosb y ga nis ebnaotaogfgis sfoi pbrb ilradar uobhnisb ga nis priknaebs pnbotabgis pir an axtfohufgi ræ-

hfeao iodaobn ebn vfstis i ebn dioidfgis gasga an ax-tarfir ni dubn axpnfdb nb burainb ga fodiepraosfôo quasa dfaroa sikra an gfrfhfsei pinåtfdi gan ]rasfgaota

Waigiri Ikfboh ao qufao an puakni aotari ga HufoabAdubtirfbn jb gapisftbgi dbrfseâtfdbeaota nb efsfôoga brristrbr asa pridasi ga raduparbdfôo bota uob ragga bntarobtfvbs ga dbekfi qua sa ilradao bn pbåsgastrufgi. b efseb hnisb prataoga bsfefsei sar anaspaci ao an qua nis hufoabois puagao varsa ansaeknbota i bn eaois nis rbshis eâs galfofgis ganefsei sahóo uob gfeaosfôo trfpinbr qua ralnacb supbsbgi ratrbtb su prasaota y sa bkidb b su luturi.

b tieb ga diodfaodfb qua uo puakni tfaoa ga så efs-ei ao ranbdfôo dio su gastfoi sus priknaebs sus gflf-duntbgas y rfashis sus lrbdbsis atd. diogfdfiob sudiepirtbefaoti y puaga gadfgfr su diogudtb sbnvbrsus priyadtis vftbnas i gatarfirbrnis y ebnihrbrnis.

Gasga an Hinpa ga Astbgi ga 2686 b astb pbrtaHufoab Adubtirfbn gbgb su diogfdfôo ga pbås dbraota



DIOTWBOWFOI IDJBcit E \ A KAOD,IKATBEB.

ga hrbogas eagfis ga gflusfôo folioo.btfvb vfaoa sfaogi vådtfeb ga uob pripbhbogb axtarfir ga sf¸hoi gantigi oahbtfvi gastfobgb b dioluogfr b nb ipfofôo póknfdb fotarobdfiobn3 itri pripôsfti oi puaga diotaoar-sa ao an aepaòi ga prieivar y gfluogfr uob febhaobkarrbota y gasaolidbgb ga nb rabnfgbg ga asb obdfôo.

Tôni nbs rrzaotas ikcatfvbs yb sabo fotarasbgbs yb

sabrz bntrufstbs puagao aeftfr ipfofioas vbnirbtfvbssikra uo pbfs tardaoouogfstb ga nbs dbrbdtarnstfdbs gaastb Hufoab Adubtirfbn ao /tfodfôo ga nbs ipdfioas quasa na krfogbo pbrb su trboslirebdfôo qua sio ast{eu-

ni.s gan tfaepi dbrhbgi-" ga bekfhþagbg. Qob disb asgaourrdfbr nis aotrasfcis i axpioaotas qua gflfduntbogfdjb trboslirebdfôo y itrb rouy gfstfotb as gaspfnlbrrbr sus sbnfgbs adioôefdbs y sidfidunturbnas.

]brb astb civao Hufoab Adubtirfbn nb drfsfs iodaobn

as uob axparfaodfb i sab, uo radursi pbrb su bpraogf-

zbca. An prasaota as uob foqufatug uob nudjb uobgfbnædtfdb sbturbgb ga fotarrihbotas3 kósquagb ga sinudfioas adioô222fdbs y ga gasbrrinni dunturbn y kósquagbga nb blfrrobdfôrn ga nb pripfb fgaotfgbg. An luturi,

put'T, sa diovfarta foaxirbknaeaota ao nb asparbozb, i.ttab, ao lurrdfôrr gan prasaota su diogfdfôo oadasbrfb.

]tn.i00bgi, prast•ota y lutut¸i sio puas asnbkioas ga

NJfb rufseb dbgaob ga dbrokfis.n ~ b jf titfb ga 0ufuadn Adubtirfbn sahóo sa aolidbtb2okft t2 o asta nfkri, as u,.,b gjtgefdb ana dbekfis db.tou itrbs jfstirfbs i sadn, as rt" daptirb ga pritbhi,rfs¸nttis. kstdCs drabo astrudturbs qua tbtokft.o sa trbosef

nt'' ' t ~ t vfrtug gt•n dbf]'nkfi.Bjirb kfao. ¹quæ astrudturbs puagt• u t put kni c i v ~ t n

ntdQnstoftf,- bn luturi sf su prasaota u T ( ~ rasua/,.•a ]"-¸,.0,,,.,t,.,nt'9

s • d u ~ ~ s n f i t r t n , l t n an laofDfi nb priknaorâtfd..'b gan ga.s-b,-rvnni ga nb fJtnt.'paogt•,dfb ttr tigis sus uspadtus.

Ni, jitojras h u f r ~ a b t n i s , an putkni ~ o duboti tbn. jbo

tna'rttustrbgi b B/rfddn y bn otuogud ¡ u t ~

siod b C b ~ s

ga bddt'gar b / ¡ f o g ~ r C d u g t ~ o d f d n pinåtfdg, v tbekfto jb ga-t t n i . - 0 t r d ~ g i ¡ut sitt d t ~ p ( n D t s gt gdsto.nfrnb pir etgfi gt

~ t b n i s jgkftis , , i n f t f t I , ~ I l . . f b n ~ s ntbstb t'Vntbsrrilfsei.



HQFOA.B ADQB X[FBN ]INAEFDB V [.ABQGBG 6

Nb rogapaogaodfb as prigudti ga uob vinuotbg pinltfdbao duyi trbsliogi frrbgfb an fgabn ga nfkartbg diei uofodiosdfaota sadunbr. Nb nfkartbg as uob foqufatug yuo pistunbgi fojaraota b nb psfdinihlb ga nbs p ~ r s i r u z sy ga nis puaknis ao tboti qua parsiobs y puaknis, y Ónfogapaogaodfb i an acardfdfi ga nb sikarboåb, as s f a e p ~uo priyadti pbrb nis puaknis qua qufarao sar nfkras. Bsåsa avfgarbdfb bn eaois ao ouastri tardfi ga sfhni. Dieitbn priyadti puaga laoadar, lrustrbrsa suduekfr ao angasirgao y an dbis. ]ari nb psfdinih{b juebob tbo. par-eabkna b nis fgabnas ga nb nfkartbg as, sfo aekbrhi, fo-saosfkna b nis panfhris qua ~ s t b dionnavb3 sf botas gan2; ga idtukra ga 26<: bnhóo irâduni i bnhuob fotufdfôofospfrbDÓn jukfasa bouodfbgi pragfddfioas bdardb

nis jirriras ga nb drfsfs iodaobn. sus vbtfdfofis sajbkråbo bdihfgi gaspadtfvb y kurnasdbotaota0 as gadfr,dio avfgaota gasdrægfti. Tôni nbs fotufdfioas d u b / f l f d a ~ -gbs puagao dbptbr an luturi gasga an prasaota. oi b.st nbhrbo ebsb jirfziotbn qua gasblirtuobgbeaota b ota¸ougi eugb sus diogudtbs aspiotgoabs b pbrtfr gan as-dbrefaoti i ga nb gasfnusfôo. Tôni nb ,jfstirfb as ebas-trb ga nb vfgb.

Lfobneaota ea hustbrnb gacbr ao dnbri qua a s t ~ nfkri

raprasaotb oi uo fgabrfi, sfoi uobipfr2fôo

quap u ~ a

i oi sar diepbrtfgb bdardb ga nb rabnfgbg gan pbfsadubtirfboi oi uob prilad{b i ta. ffturb adioôefdb ipinåtfdb, ] FI. Tu gfbhoisfs prataoga galfofr y gasdrfkfrnb rabnfgbg aeplrfdb gan pbls gaspuæs ga .su iksao.¸b¸dfôo gfradtb. efaotrbs su prihoisfs sa nfeftb b saòbnbran diotfohaota ga bntarobtfvbs dbpbda&-. ga pripirdfiobr

r ~ s p u a s t b . s b nis hrbogas fogfdbgiras gan sukgasbrrinni,~ a n irgao adioôefdi. sidfbn y dunturbn. a trbtb ga radihar an ebn tbn diei sa eboflfastb sf,r gafbr ga bpuon r sus ~ e ~ g f i s



b rfsfs iodao n o n dio t .ax. ' t .i

gan f o a p a o a o t f s ~ o i d i o l ^ f d ' t . f ~ ig a Â l r f d b



2

NB GATDINIOFSBDFIO G A HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBNO A N DIOWAZWI G A NBT FOGA]AOGAODFBT

OAH[I-BL[FDBOBT G A NIT BFRIT TATAOWB.

n Frrupdfôo ga n gaeidrbdfb hufoai adubtirfbob

Ao nis tarrftirfis ga giefofi diniofbn nbs rafvfogfdb-dfioas butigataoofofstbs dunefobrio i gasaekidbriodbsf sfaepra ao hrbogas drfsfs. ]ari asti as uob dios-tbota ga nb Jfstirfb ga nb Juebofgbg nb dubn axpnfdbsu axpadtri pasfefsei nb vfsfôo grbeâtfdb dio quanb bsuea b vadas an jiekra. Nb Jfstirfb diei ebof-lastbdfôo aepårfdb grbeâtfdb ga nb rabnfgbg puagatbn vaz duastfiobrsa i sar ikcati ga vbnirbdfioas nftf-hfisbs bkstrbdtbs. Ni avfgaotaeaota pbtaota as qua nbssftubdfioas ga sfhoi trâhfdi i grbeâtfdi qua an pritbhiof.0ei jueboi priguda ao an tfaepi as disb pripfbga nb Jfstirfb efseb3 bnhi fojaraota b nbs diotrivarsfbs fepnådftbs ga nis fotarasas gan jiekra.

Ao gis eieaotis astanbras puaga bpradfbrsa nissfhois dbrbdtaråstfdis ga nb hæoasfs aebodfpbnfstbhufoai-adubtirfbob3 an ga nb ipisfdfôo diniofbn qua.

diotrinb tigb bdtubdfôo pinåtfdb dbpbz ga prieivarfgabs ' ? fgabnas rafvfogfdb tfvbs i b u tigatarefofstbs. Nb

ipisfdfôo diniofbn trbtb ga lraobr raprasfvbeaota niskritas foebguris ga uo obdfiobnfsei tåefgbeaota

aekrfiobrfi qua ao nis bòis dfoduaotb bvbozb diei

uob dirrfaota frravarsfkna. Asta obdfiobnfsei sa db-rbdtarfzb prfodfpbneaota pir su hastfôo dnbogastfob

pari su avinudfôo oi sa gataogråb jbstb haoarbr nfhbspinåtfdbs pripfbs bkfartbs irhbofzbgbs y radioidfgbs

pir nbs butirfgbgas diniofbnas gaspuæs ga bkinfrsa n

st tus ga privfodfbdfôo drabgi ao 2616 Astbs nfhbs oi



DIOTW -^OWFOI GDJ f E\A KAOHIKAT E

sio pbrtfgis pinåtfdis sfoi eivfefaotis fostrueaotb-nfzbgis pbrb bddagar b nb fogapaogaodfb pinåtfdb. Tfoaekbrhi sa yarhuao dbgb uoi dio su priyaddfôo pinltfdb åotfeb qua as uob lfnisilåb susdaptfkna ga fgainihfzbrsa puasti qua aodbrobo fogfvfgubneaota nbs efsebs pisfdfioas sadunbras gan fogapaogaotfsei diotfoaotbn qua sio nb diosarvbdfôo nb eigarbdfôo y nbaxbntbdfôo.

An sahuogi eieaoti surha dubogi astbs nfhbs ga nf-

karbdfôo sa pardbtbo ga qua nb butirfgbg y an tutanbha

pinåtfdi qua istaotb Aspbòb ao an tarrftirfi jbkåbonnahbgi b su lfo. ]ir asi an obdfiobnfsei prifogapao-gaogfstb qua vaoåb diostftuyaogi an prfodfpbn gaoiefobgir dieóo ga nb nudjb botfdiniofbn dieaozbråb bpargar su diogfdfôo ga eivfefaoti nfk•¸a ga bekfdfi-

oas parsiobnfstbs i gasfotarasbgi gaspartbr bpatao-dfbs ga gfrfhfsei fogfvfgubn ga pigar3 gasga nb bgip-dfôo gan astbtuti ga nb butioieåb ao 26<4 jbstb nbDiolaraodfb Diostftudfiobn ga Ebgrfg 26<8-26<:) astbs bdtftugas aotrbo ao uo ebeao i ânhfgi b eagf-

gb qua sa bvadfob nb fogapaogaodfb ¸ a vbo dirrie-pfaogi nbs ranbdfioas fotarpbrtfgfstbs bn diepâs ganbs asdfsfioas ga dbgb hrupi gfrfhaota duyis efae-

kris rbgfdbnfzbo pisfdfioas botas lnaxfknas jbstb isdu-radar dio su pritbhiofsei an pboirbeb gan luturi ganb fogapaogaodfb.

B asta parsiobnfsei ga nis gfrfhaotas vfoi b suebr-sa an q u ~ k r o t i eirbn y sidfbn surhfgi ao an puakni aobquannis eieaotis b distb ga fotarasas axtrbpbtrfô-tfdis qua prieivåbo fgabs sapbrbtfstbs aotra nbs pri-vfodfbs bgefofstrbtfvbs drabgbs botas ga nb fogapao-gaodfb ao uo aepaòi lboâtfdi ga diospfrbr gaspfbgb-

gbeaota diotrb nb uofgbg obdfiobn gan luturi Astbgifogapaogfaota ao kaoalfdfi ga eôvfnas nfhbgis dio andbpftbn bhrådinb kfiquaòi.

Astbs astidbgbs gasfotahrbdfiofstbs oi dbnbo jiogi

pirqua bn ebrhao ga nb diogudtb pinflbdætfdb ga nisg f r ~ h a o ~ a s an obdfiobnfsei diostftuya uo laoôeaois9jgboi b asdbnb pipunbr y pripuhob nb fogapaogao-dfb pnaob.



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBn ]INAEFDB V [ABNFGBG 1

]ridnbebgb nb fogapaogaodfb prioti diefaozb bquakrbr an gfrfhfsei pinåtfdi gapisftbgi ao ebois gahikarobotas fotahrbgis ao uob dibnfdfôo hukarobeaotbn ga dbrâdtar tbo brtflfdfbn diei lrâhfn. Astb dibnf-dfôo pidi i obgb tbrgb ao gasbrtfdunbr an asquaeb gapigar diostftufgi ao ravanbr su pidb sarfagbg. Tatrbtb ga uo trbca pinåtfdi qua oi astâ b nb eagfgb ga nbrabnfgbg juebob ga nb dnbsa gfrfhaota. Nb avinudfôoobturbn gan pbrtfgfsei ga nb fogapaogaodfb diepirtbeâs qua uo gasbrrinni fgainôhfdi diosiCfgbkna y uobsbntarobtfvbs d p d a ~ ga ~ i o d f n f r pisfdfioas ]>9nåtfdbssupuastbs uo obd2iobjse i aodnaoqua bekfhui y

outrfgi ga anaeaotis psfdinôhfdis trfkbnfzbotas quapripaogao b avinudfiobr ao an saotfgi ga nb sinfgbrfgbg gfstrftbn lbefnfbr ætofdb.

Ao nbs gaeidrbdfbs iddfgaotbnas nis pbrtfgis pinåtf-dis bdtóbo diei hrupis ga ipfofôo qua raprasaotbogalfaogao b nis hrupis ga fotarasas sidfbnas gatarefobotas ga pisfdfioas diotrbpisfdfioas fgainôhfdbs.

Ao Hufoab Adubtirfbn an jadji sôni ga nb gasdiniofzbdfôo ga nb fogapaogaodfb ao så efsei sa blfrebkbo diei uo fgabn diei an eôvfn eâs fepirtbota afepunsir ga uo obdfiobnfsei prisanåtfdi qua aepb

raotb pinåtfdbeaota b nis hufoai-adubtirfbois gasga

nis bòis dfoduaotb.Jbstb nis bòis ga nb fogapaogaodfb tigb nb piknb

dfôo dbepasfob urkbob sfhua suefgb ao an gasdioi

dfefaoti ga ni qua puaga sar uo sfogfdbti y ga

eudjbs ga nbs disbs qua gfvfgao nbs ipfofioas pinåtf-dbs i drabo eitfvbo pisfdfioas pbrtfgfstbs puas ob-gb jbkåb ga asi ao an tarrftirfi hufoaboi bgefofstrbgipir Aspbòb.

Tfaogi asb nb sftubdfôo ga jadji ¹duân saråb puas

nb dbusb i nb rbzôo sidfipinåtfdb ga nbs asdfsfioas ga

hrupis .. 9 ¹]ir quæ rfvbnfzbrio tboti nis efaekris ga

dbgb eivfefaoti nahbn ga nfkarbdfôo ao uo eieaoti

ao an qua an óofdi anaeaoti ikcati ga diotrivarsfbs sa

ranbdfiobkb asaodfbneaota dio nb eigbnfgbg pinåtfdb

ga nb fogapaogaodfb9Nnahbgi b asta pnbotabefaoti dubnqufarb qua ju



u ¸ ~ nQ.^'Tn .7.\WFOI IDQ37 37 .^2^ A KAOD >CKATB.E.7

kfasa sahufgi btaoti an dursi ga nis bdiotadfefaotispigrfb ipfobr ni qua qufsfasa. ]ari uob disb astâ dnb.rb3 nb gaeidrbdfb, ao tigi su aspadtri, frruepa diei

bnhi luhbzl diei uo aspacfsei y bdbsi diei prasbhfi

gan dinbpsi pinåtfdi qua sulrfrfb an ouavi Astbgi. Anpuakni oi sbka quæ as nb gaeidrbdfb. Gfrfbsa, pbrb sar

eâs pradfsisl qua oi piglb sbkarni pirqua su pbsbgi

pinltfdi eâs prôxfei y ga eâs nbrhb vfgb nfhb óofdbeaota dio an butirftbrfsei diniofbn, y tbekfæo pirqua an ouavi pridasi diostftuåb uob feprivfsbdfôo ga

dbekfis.Ao nbs gaeidrbdfbs iddfgaotbnas, nbs luarzbs adioô

efdbs y sidfbnas euavao nbs pinltfdbs y diogfdfiobo sugasbrrinni y avinudfôo. V tbekfæo puaga sudagar b nbfovarsb.

Nb axparfaodfb hufoaiadubtirfbob oi rfeb dio nblaoieaoinihlb pinltfdb iddfgaotbn, buoqua sa gacb saotfr nb folnuaodfb ga bnhóo qua itri sadtir lfobodfari,

bhrfdinb i lirastbn, acardfgb sikra nb diogudtb ga b n ~ -ois gfrfhaotas3 sa trbtb ga earis asQeunis ga idbsfôopbrb astis gfrfhaotas pidi susdaptfknas ga gatarefobraC vfrbca galfoftfvi ga nb pinltfdb C(nikbn i obdfiobn. OiJn p r ¸ i g u ~ ~ d ofoht'Co n 3brokfi sidfbn prieivfgi pir anfot Cuci t f o b o ~ f d r i i dupftbnnstb, tu e pidi sa lfobodfbo

~ r u p i s p u n l n f d i r ~ dbpudds ga trooslir¸robrsd ao portf¸giJ NuJ rfvunngugds n i f J ` ¸ b ~ gn¸ nu f o g d p > . ~ o g d o d f i ~ i o

r f v o n n g b g d ~ ga FiE fo nvfguis, y dxpnfd.3uo sôni pir anj d ~ i 3 j i ga nu p i s d ~ j ' 2 u gan piCD'r punln`¸i ao sf y ou pir

g n v t t r n C d o d n o ~ qut• aouuuto ga3 notdrdEas i aCa n u ~ l udr2.b22~ t u n ¸ n u d ¸ i u < o b n n ' u s . ]if' dOu, u nu jiru gt• pridnuruursd nu

f o g ~ l n D t n g d r j ¸ f u , nu d i o c u o n ~ n ô o gt• nuO lot.¸dfur•ds punåtf¸Cnf'It.'rgt,tuj¸s gt¸ gf\n'F'Tis tuivjofd.•rnnis ga nfkaru-

^ ~ Q Q n , uuoqQn nnrtzu o ~ i o n p u o t • r uo asqudtou ga ~ ¸ i u C fn'j^22 t ~ u j d 3 - r o u t o d • C n t u n o2âJ i b o ~ o i s d3-2paroozugir. oi

t ~ u ¸ g u , ' sno ~ • o k u r n n i , ao toouflt•sjnr t . ~ s p a n - t b d 3 u j b o o a o t d . ~ni t CQa to¡^s turgt.• i roâs t ~ o r r o o i fju b pb¸igudfrsa3 anuunigasrut^otajuoft'otu gan asqudeu, ginni su dbrtu0tar

t rb¡fn, g d ~ l i o u , , g i ~ aogdknt' y urtflfdfbn3 uo dbstfnni gaoonpt's qua. un p r j o t ~ r supnil ~ t ~ gaseiruookb. tCo bhaota roruj nttuuC(Cr ga Fo .3rnsfJ i o d a o ~ n n , ao pitd5odfb gasga



H\FOA B AD\BWI[FBN ]\F AEFDB r [Lt7NFGBG

nis gfbs ga nb diolaraodfb Diostftudfiobn. qua frruepa

diei an prfear sipni ao pnbo ga diospfrbdfôo diotrban asquanætfdi dbstfnni gan Astbgi lua an lbnnfgi hinpaga Astbgi ga ebrzi ga 26<6, eieaoti ao qua an bdio-tadfefaoti gan trbspbsi ga pigaras astbkb bóo dardb-oi3 b dfodi easas ga nb fogapaogaodfb. Lua an botfdfpi

pradursir gan pridasi ga fovartakrbdfôo titbn ga uo

puakni qua jbkråb ga pbhbr dbrb su fohaoufgbg pinåtf¸db gurbota ioda bòis.

; N p oirgefd diotfoaot n

Nis ebnas qua sa rahfstrbo ao nb hæoasfs ga aebodf-pbdfôo ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn oi sio prfvbtfvis ga sufogapaogaodfb puas tbekfæo prinflarbo ao an rasti gandiotfoaota diei dbrbdtarlstfdbs dieuoas gan pridasi

ga nfkarbdfôo ga Âlrfdb. An tastfeiofi ga tigb uob as-tanb ga bdiotadfefaotis galfofgiras ga uo gavaofr gagrbebs y diovunsfioas pripuhobgir y dioqufstbgirga nb nfkartbg quagb pnbsebgi ao nis óntfeis vafotabòis gan pbsbgi diniofbn blrfdboi ao an qua ao dbgb

botfhui tarrftirfi ga idupbdfôo ni qua oi jb sfgi uohinpa brebgi i uob sudasfôo ga æstis jb sfgi uobqufakrb adioôefdb uob diolriotbdfôo dfvfn i nudjbs

ttfkbnas. Astb bpradfbdfôo puaga fnustrbrsa dio acae-pnis ao oóeari fogatarefobgi.n b [apóknfdb Sbfraob ilrada tdstfroiofis ebgruhb-

giras ga uo hæoari ga obdfiobnfsei tarrfknaeaota

diotrivartfgi duyi trbsliog(,) bpbrada feprahobgi gaeitfvis a d i o ô e f d i ~ y trfkbnas. Bsl gaspuæs ga nb fo¸

g a p d o g ~ o d n b frruepa an gasurgao y nb vfinaodfb, dio

fepnfdb{ fiods lfobodfarbs pinlnfdbs i rofnfnbras gfrad-tbs gt• irgao fotarobdfiobn. Nbs ~ f t u b n f i o a s ga foastb-kfnfgbg sa sud.3agao sfodrôofdbeaota. Ga 26<= b 2682nis 2.båraltis vfvao nis eâs gfvarsis y diotrbstbgis

b d b a d ~ r a s diei nb trboslirebdfôo ao [apóknfdb foga-paogfaota 26<=). dio Cisæ @bsbvuku ao nb dbkazb ganAstbgi aotra itris. Aosahufgb sa g a ~ b t u k b uob sókftb

inabgb ga vfinaodfbs trfkbnfstbs pbrbnanbeaota dio nisasdâogbnis efoaris. An Hikarobgir ga Tbkb (privfo¸



dfb dioidfgb dio an oiekra ga @btbohb ao nb æC Idb

diniofbn) sa pridnbeb fogapaogfaota y dio anni pri..vidb nb fotarvaodfôo ga nis «dbsdis bzunas° qua trbtboga raprfeå r nb sadasfôo.

Nb suknavbdfôo ga @bsbf nb itrb privfodfb sada.sfiofstb, pripuhob an radioidfefaoti gan pråodfpa -karti @bniogcf, jaragari ga uob botfhub fostftudfôoeioârqufdb rahfiobn. Ta sudagao bsfefsei jadjisqua nnbebo nb btaodfôo fotarobdfiobn ga lioob årra.varsfkna3 nb sustftudfôo ga ]btrfdfi Nueuekb Cala gaHikfaroi0 an fotaoti ga nis fzqufargfstbs ga diosarvbry gasbrrinnbr an obdfiobnfsei ga Nueuekb ao nb par.

siob ga Botiofi Hfzaohb, qufao nnahb b lirebr su pri-pfi hikfaroi0 nb huarrb dfvfn ga 26<7 aotra an acærdftiobdfiobn y nis huarrfnnaris pridieuofstbs0 nb diostftu-dfôo prasfgaodfbnfstb ga Nunubkurhi pir nb qua Eif-sæs Wsjieka, någar y botfhui sadasfiofstb pbsbkb bprasfgfr itri hikfaroi qua tfaoa nb efsfôo ga aeprao-gar nb uoflfdbdfôo gan pbås ao uo fotaoti ga radiodf-nfbdfôo haoarbn ga nbs luarzbs pinåtfdbs y pbrtas nftfhbo-tas 26<7)0 nb gastftudfôo ga Wsjieka ao an dbrhi ga]rfear Efofstri pir @bsbvuku qua diolåb nb gfrad-dfôo gan Hikfaroi Daotrbn b Avbrfsti @fekb qua tbe-pidi diosfhua silidbr nb drfsfs pinåtfdb0 an Hinpa gaAstbgi gan acærdfti parpatrbgi ao 26<1 diotrb an kfoi-

efi gfrfhfstb @fekb-@bsbvuku qua diollb nb vbohubr-gfb ga nb gfraddfôo pinltfdb obdfiobn b Eikutu TasaTa`i, y b Eunbekb nb gan Hikfaroi.

Jbstb 26<< sfhuao Cbs diospfrbdfioas ni qua iknfhbb Eikutu b eistrbrsa eâs aoærhfdi lraota b sada-sfiofstbs y lraota b huarrfnnaris nueuekfstbs bn efs-ei tfaepi su fgabrfi ga bddfôo axparfeaotb uob bdu-sbgb folnaxfôo priidfgaotbn. Eikutu pioa nuz varga bnbs fovarsfioas axtrbocarbs uoflfdb an pbås ralir-eb nbs luarzbs brebgbs obdfiobnfzb nbs efobs ga Tjb-kb, quagb bkinfgi an pbrtfgfsei y sa bgiptb pbrb anpbås nb gaoiefobdfôo ilfdfbn ga Sbfra 2682 .

Astis dbekfis sa tfòao ga sbohra juebob gurbota

uob gædbgb. Nis gadaofis sasaotb y sataotb sio luarta-eaota aeitfvis aspadfbneaota pir nbs fodfgaodfbs ga



HQFOA ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFD V [A NFG G 6

nb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis blrfdbob Ao nb [apóknfdb

ga Ebnå dbsf gfaz bòis gaspuæs ga su anaddfôo diei]rasfgaota gan pbås, an ræhfeao ga Eigfki @aftb asgarridbgi, jbdfæogisa dbrhi gan pigar uo dieftæ efnftbr prasfgfgi pir Eiussb Wribræ. Ao nb [apóknfdb gaOåhar qua bddaga b nb fogapaogaodfb ao 26<= trbs uo

fotaoti ga lagarbrsa dio Bnti \intb, Distb ga EbrlfnWihi y Kaoåo, pbrb pritahar fotarasas bguboaris sahóo uob pinåtfdb dieuoftbrfb, y b pasbr gan butirftbrfsei acardfgi gurbota uois dbtirda bòis pbrb sbnvbr

nb astbkfnfgbg lraota b nb fepnbdbkna ipisfdfôo fzqufar

gfstb gan TBXBKB eivfefaoti sidfbnfstb ga Oåhar gfrfhfgi pir Gyfki Kb`bry, an prfear ]rasfgaota, Jbebo Gfirf as axpunsbgi gan pigar pir an acærdfti ao

2687 pridnbeâogisa Cala gan Astbgi an Dirioan Tayof@iuotdjæ.

Ao nb [apóknfdb ga Djbg, gaspuæs ga nb fogapaogaodfb ga 26<= sa gasbtb an ebn aotaogfefaoti tboti aotranis hrupis pinåtfdis diei aotra nis hrupis ætofdisdio Wiekbnkbya bn lraota gan pbås, qufao nudjb pir nbradiodfnfbdfôo Oirta-Tur, y buoqua sa priguda uo hinpa ga Astbgi ao 2681 oi nnahb pir asi nb dbneb, y tigijb gasaekidbgi ao uob huarrb dfvfn diepnfdbgb, dionb lboâtfdb fotarvaodfô3o brebgb ga Nfkfb aolraotbgbb nb ebyir pbrta ga nis Astbgis efaekris ga nb IQB.

Fgæotfdi priknaeb ga diovfvaodfb juebob, an gangasaotaogfefaoti a fotinarbodfb aotra uo Oirta y uoTur, jbnnbeis ao nb [apóknfdb ga Tugâo, fogapaogfaota gasga 261<. Gis bòis gaspuæs sa priguda uo hinpaga Astbgi qua garridb bn ræhfeao ga nb fogapaogaodfbpbrb gapisftbr an pigar y an ralirefsei diostftudfiobn ao ebois gan haoarbn Bkkug. ]ari nb drfsfs oidaga tbepidi dio æsta, eâs kfao sa bhugfzb jbdfb26<4 v sa gaka luogbeaotbneaota b nbs gflaraodfbs

r a n f h f i ~ s s ga nb piknbdfôo0 astb drfsfs nb jaragbråb ansudasir ga Bkkug, an Haoarbn bn-Oueafry ao 26<6 qua

iptb pir ouavbs lôreunbs d i o s t f ~ u y a o t a sAo 26<; gis bòis trbs pridnbebrsa nb fogapaogao

dfb titbn nb siekrb gan hinpfsei beaobzb dio bntarbrn oirebnfgbg dio qua sa gasbrrinnb an pridasi diostf-



DQ^.TC3in^'n'/0^'() IDJ.-n 3.t ^J n3 or ^ ' ('Q)N¸. ¸ u ~ - f - t E . ..

t Q ) ' t ' o t ~ s a . o a ~ C ~ s 3 frruonpa nb diospfrbdfôo diot~ ¸ g - 5 - o FITtn udbiobn ~ c i Cb bddfôo gan ]rfonar f o f ' 3 t ~Boegju GYbb, qu3 gbsparsb nb B.sbeknab Obdfiobn, Ci6 u ~ ^fQ pbsi bn - bekbi gan ræhteao rofofstarfbn b nbt i 2 ~ u n b p r a s f g a o n ~ f b n f s t b RQt' gaspu& 's bgqufrfråb nb as.t ~ k 2 n u j u 3 n ^.'uo Taohjir.. Ao Fo [ ~ p t f k n f n ' b gt" Hufot'o. n"uo t"n jgar Wiura bC

traotr gt'n pots. t"n urgt"o fotaroi t 's ikcd.'tu ga ptbrtur.~ j . ' f i o t ¸ s l n ' t Z ' Q t ~ o t ~ s 3 p r i n f l ~ r o o soo n rtt"otos diovunsfio('s ¸'3 "'iospfro"'fiod-s pijtfdbs aotrt. 26<2 y nis bòis

s ~ t ~ o t o . Asti.'^ j ~ j i s sa r i g u n 3 ~ o sijr't' nb pnbtbliooog ~ n t'nnnpukrtb..dfonfaoti ga.' nb t ~ ¸ i o i o n f u )' ga Fo nædofd3b

R Q ~ idbsfiou ~ k o o g i o i lruo,.,¸æs gt'n puås.n..u [d.-puknj.'{^ gt" T f t ~ o - b N d . ~ o u jb ,.,¸¡u¸odtarfzbgi

p..o¸ g t k f n f u u o f ~ o t u ga su pnuronfsou? purtfgfstb, sa¸nnt'rogir gt' Fo fo.3stojfnfgog pinfr`"b gt,.sgd 26<20 o pbrtfr ga nis or'^i .. sasdoro, touarr.i a n vfaci Wukeoo trbs

^ ' ~ n r f o s r ~ n t d f i r n d . ' s (Wukrobo lua ao t.•n pufs ]rasfgaota

g a s g a . ~ 2R74, d. o pnd.ou Tdhuogu Hut FWo Euogfbn, jbstbnis irnis s ~ ¸ t a o n o ) . d.•n pofs sa- j o n ~ d . ¸ pr't'sb ga nb fodstbkfnf-gog pif t >3o. . . .

n..o uoråhuo ( isno ()o.?, qut• un 2ogapaogb2.brsd(2618) ogoC'no t•n o i r o j • ~ ga Hjbou,' fostburb su prd.x.¸a.su dC,, gt'surWifCi pifJ`i g d s i r g ~ o b g i ouava b"is gd s

puæs gt' nihrogo gfdji fogapaogaodfb (C 618 C6<<), t•ionb TQT(Å(Qn Åôo ^ F ' I ' ~ . o t ~ gd n ]b-dsfgdota '`f2.CIQ j ri.r an

H a o ~ r o n Bo`ruj. Gtro2tlgi æsta, nis rofaejrus gt.• Dio¸s ~ c i Nnkarot¸fôo OD jbdao dio an pigar jusnb 26<6,duiog() ft• p r u t ~ n i o 2 b n Ta¡uogu. [apóknfdb3 gasga aotuoaaO nis o n l 2 C t o r ~ : sa s u ~ a g a o a-o aC pigar eagCbotdni lôoounu ga nb n >?ospfrudCôo uroCigu (Kussfb,

B d . j ~ u t o p i o E , ~ t a ) .Nu l ( , o o ~ C u gt rdnn'vi ao dC pigt•r pir n supra¡Côo ll

~ 0 ` u aCa• qu2d22 ni i s t ~ o t b i pir nu v f i n ~ 2 u . 3 j C , bpbrada as¸

j C ~ ut'CuJ diob.uhobtno ao ann¸uoljCaor(• ~ i o 2 u n óobdi oftD'robnnvi i n ' ¡ u o j ~ & u ~ l ô o gan put dr0 ao C6<< an ]r, ¡

C d u t ~ V u t n C ~ Q n n ' ~ .. garridbgi .V ' u ~ t J u c g i pir an a ( 3 0 . ~ , .o ~ C T ~ o ¡ ¡ u u n æ Nb ttncnfQQ.b (nuc••r• b ~ ~ ~ u " " ' • C ~ •2. . . g

¸ • C . , . • .. • - ~ ' § ó a C ' D 3 n ' t . . j C I gF3C,Jl"u3 i d.uu ' , . , ~ , CbC bCnd.3•u = •2 pinf .-.-2

n. . . . ¸• . ~ B f n n ~ D f n F'Q C f tb b r ~ -

tj ,,,..uru,.jo•un V uoJpbn nfuoaotbCfbt t.3 ¸¡¸ . . .,. • ¸ r..nn QCrG s ~



^ nQnQ Injopni as bst sfobgi ao tar¸dar ulni ga h i k f ~ r -oi f o g ~ p ~ o g f a o t ~ diostftufgi ao 26<=, su sustftuti,

Ho2oftz`y. sulra uo diepnit urrobgi jbn'faogisa dio

t'n pigt'r an Dir'Ioan Ayogao2u.Nu [t•pójnfn'[ kd-ofot'osd, oot fhui t ~ r r f t u r f i diniofbn

g u j i o 2 ~ y u o i tros su fogapaogaodfu gt• 26<=. aotrb aouou n'rfsfs nnaou ga ~ ~ - v t s t . • s >.. iost.ftudfioufD s. >.. brudtarfn.bgo pir sudasfvos suknt•vodfiod-s rofnfturas y pir an

pr.,..-girofofi g t ~ • ~ h j o t . I n T l u h b n ~ a s qua sa turouo aoan pigar justo su dioqufstu. ao 268;, pir E u t n ~ i @æ-

rd`iu.Ao ni qua raspt0'^.'to un Astugi Lagarbn gt' Ofharfb,

pridnbo2ugi [dpnnknf'-'Q f o g d p d o g f ~ o t d ao 26<4, n"Ifn-

euava of ~ u o t f o d o t > . . nbrhi p u r æ o t ~ s f s ga foastbkf-nfgbg p i n n t f t ~ u f o t n ~ t ¸ f i r qua urriot Q dbsf ga bquannbonfsono ladjb, y ~ u y i pranugfi d3. s uo diolnfdti brebgi

t ~ r r f k n d e a o n t suohrfaoti v ...3iostaroogir. Wbo potaota-

r o ~ o t a dspadtodunbras ,¸ifoi uquannb huarrb lrbtfdfgbjuo fovbgfgi nnn pils laoôrodois dio2i t n t rfkbnfsei,nbs ononvdn sbdfioas ga liogis póknfdis y vfinaotisbtt'otugus o2fnftbras. No prjoaro rupturb gan aqufnfkrfi

Pg'nifJfdi fotarrahfiobn ga Fo fogapaogaodfb ofhdrfbob as'3'ijro g ~ n Haoarbn Friosf. qufao efnftbrfzb nbs rahfioas,2

o2spaoga an pbrnbedotbrfso2i y tbekfæo an p b r t f g f s ~222=. ]ari nu foastbkfnfgbg diotfoubrlb y nb drfsfs ga pigt'r sahufrlo jbstb nb gastftudfôo ga Friosf pir Hiwio,>.'Ifn qufao astbnni nb huarrb dfvfn. B purtfr ga 268=, aoqua s t ~ nfqufgb an (.'iolnfdti, pbrada ratirobr nb dbneb,pari ` ¸ ~ p u æ s ga safs blnis vuanva nb foastbkfnfgbg, dbaan p r a b f g d o t ~ Lagdrun garridbgi pir uo Diosaci Tupraei Efnftbr qua prasfga an Haoarbn Ikbsbogci. Jbs-tb nis blti f it3jdotu nb dirrfaota hinpfstb sa ebotfaoa,bpuotbogi jbdfb uo jirfziota pinltfdi luturi gflfdfnga vf1n.uekrbr.

An ræhfeao rapuknfdboi gan Diohi brrbodb lanfz ao

sus diroåaozis, dio Lfnfkdrti Viuniu bn lraota, dieiCaj¸ ga QGGFB (pbrtfgi ga nb Qofôo Gaeôdrbtb ga nisFotarasas Blrfdbois) y diei ]rasfgaota ga nb [apóknf-n3b ao 2616. ]ari b lfobnas ga asta bòi KrbzzbvfCCa sadiostarob pir nb vfinaodfb qua surha aotra nis bgaptis



o . ^W-tVJ^ (C ( )( //Y., .. . ' ... ¸ ^ln 3¸ nlf¸3O(0=:23 T

2Ql

nQ) t nnln' Tt'nnt honæs3 f t W u r o ~ 2¸ . .•• C • • • ,...... b n3Iospt ron nôo diotrb 2

=2 u ao •ostuudbioun kbci nb bn¸dfôo gan r¸¸ E ¸ aB gj i¸ . ¸ •ear tobstri

nnnb u tb qua gbsparsu nb Bsbeknab Obdfiobn n6 ~ t gb pbsi bn n ~ b e k f i gan ræhfo2ao o2fofstarfbn ¡=i r ~ o . u n b p r d s f g a o ~ 3 ¸ f b n f s t o qua gaspuæs bgqu frfrfb nbnbjtjgbg dio Taohjir.

. Ao nb [apuknfdb ga Hufoab, dio an någar Wiuræ bn

lraota gan pbås, an irgao fota2oi as ikcati ga partur.kbdfioas lraduaotas3 prinflarbo sbohrfaotbs diovuC.sfioas y diospfrbdfioas pinåtfdbs aotra C6<2 y nis bòis

sataotb. Astis jadjis sa prigudao sikra nb pnbtblioobgan aepikradfefaoti ga nb adioieåb y ga nb tædofdbqua idbsfiob an bkbogioi lrbodæs gan pbås.

Nb [apóknfdb ga Tfarrb Naiob sa jb dbrbdtarfzbgi

]ir an gakfnftbefaoti ga su pnurbnfsei pbrtfgfstb, ha-

oarbgir ga nb foastbkfnfgbg pinåtfdb gasga 26<20 b pbrtfr ga nis bòis sasaotb, euarti an vfaci Wukebo trbsvbrfbs raanaddfioas (Wukebo lua ao an pbås ]rasfgaota

gasga 2674, ao pnaob Tahuogb Huarrb E u o ~ f b n j ~ ~nis bòis sataotb), an pbås sa jbda prasb ga nb Coastbknnt-gbg pinåtfdb. . .

Nb botfhub Distb ga Iri, qua bn Fogapaogfzbrsa

(2618) bgiptb a oiekra ga Hjbob, fostburb su prida

si ga gasbrrinni pinåtfdi gasirgaobgi ouava bòis gaspuæs ga nihrbgb gfdjb fogapaogaodfb (2618-26<<), dionb sustftudfôo vfinaotb gan ]rasfgaota O'`ruebj pir aC

Haoarbn Bo`rbj. Gfeftfgi æsta, nis o2faekris gan Diosaci ga Nfkarbdfôo sa jbdao dio an pigar jbstb 26<6dubogi sa pridnbeb nb Tahuogb [apóknfdb3 gasga aotiodas nis efnftbras sa sudagao ao an pigar eagfbotanb lôreunb ga Cb diospfrbdfôo brebgb Kussfb,Bdjabepioh, atd.)

. Nb l ô r e ~ n b ga ranavi ao an pigar pir nb suprasfôo lå-Tfdb quCao Ci istaotb i pir nb vfinaodfb, bpbrada as

tis bo9s diosbhrbgb ao aC diotfoaota diei nb óofdb bn-tarobtCvb ga irhbofzbdfôo gan pigar3 ao 26<< an ]rasf a n o ~ a Vbea

2

ihi as. garridbgi y sustftufgi pir an Diri-

oa bohiu æ nbe¡zbob qufao bs 2 g. . ,Astbgi dio aspadfbn b p ~=

b n u ~ a b t r a d ~ t i o gantfdiostftudfiobC y botfp rnbe . ½ j ~ C d b daAotrbnCstb, bo-

do bostb. o Wihi, Tfn-



HQFOLB lfDn n 7 [ F B F ~ ]IF C3F lfDB t¸ [ABF FGBn? CF

vboi Info2pfi as bsasfobgi ao an tardar bòi ga h i k f a r ~oi fogapaogfaota diostftufgi ao 26<= su sustftutiHruoftz`y sulra uo diepnit brebgi jbdfæogisa dioan pigar an Dirioan Aybgaeb.

Nb [apóknfdb kaofoaosa. botfhui tarrftirfi diniofbngbjieayboi trbs su fogapaogaodfb ga 26<= aotrb aouob drfsfs nnaob ga ravasas diostftudfiobnas d b r b d t a r f ~zbgb pir sudasfvbs suknavbdfioas efnftbras y pir anpragiefofi ga rahfeaoas luhbdas qua sa turobo aoan pigar jbstb su dioqufstb ao 268; pir Ebtai @ æ ~ra`iu.

Ao ni qua raspadtb bn Astbgi Lagarbn ga Ofharfb,pridnbebgi [apóknfdb fogapaogfaota ao 26<4 d i o ~euava bn diotfoaota an nbrhi pbræotasfs ga f o a s t k f ~nfgbg pinftfdb fotarfir qua brrbodb dbsf ga bquannb

efseb ladjb y duyi pranugfi as uo diolnfdti brebgitarrfknaeaota sbohrfaoti y diostaebgir. Wbo p t a o t a ~eaota aspadtbdunbras diei bquannb huarrb lrbtfdfgbjbo fovbgfgi bn pbås laoôeaois diei an trfkbnfsei

nbs ebnvarsbdfioas ga liogis póknfdis y vfinaotisbtaotbgis efnftbras. Nb prfearb rupturb gan aqufnfkrfi

pinttfdi fotarrahfiobn ga nb fogapaogaodfb ofharfbob asikrb gan Haoarbn nriosf qufao efnftbrfzb nbs rahfioas.suspaoga an pbrnbeaotbrfsei y tbekfæo an p r t f g f s ~ei. ]ari nb foastbkfnfgbg diotfoubrlb y nb drfsfs ga pi-

gar sarufrfb jbstb nb gastftudfôo ga Friosf pir Hiwio,

]æhfob

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27 Tfarrb Naiob

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. ^ n ^ W t.^¸ WF ^ I J 7 t ^2^ L. KA.^ {0dCKAT.i7 Q.B

ga nWGGFB y nis sidfbnfstbs diei prasbhfi ga ni quafkb b sar nb tôofdb ga nb avinudfôo pinåtfdb aotra 26<= vnis bòis sfhufaotas. b fogapaogaodfb sa pridnbeb o26<=, pari b nis tras bòis ga astb pridnbebdfôo nb bhf-tbdåôo y nis eitfoas sfaekrbo an gasdiodfarti Viuniu

as aodbrdanbgi botas ga axfnfbrsa ao Ebgrfg ( 26<1), ao-tiodas nb ipisfdfôo fzqufargfstb daotrbnfzbkb an pigarkbci nb gfraddfôo ga Bnliosi Ebsaekb-Gakbt. Ao Cisbòis sataotb sa prigudao ouavbs diovunsfioas dio anbsasfobti ga Ebrfao Ohubkf sustftuti ga EbssaekbGækbt ao nb gfraddfôo gan Astbgi.

b [apóknfdb Daotriblrfdbob sulra uob pfQakb galuahi gasga sus prfearis bòis ga fogapaogaodfb. Di-oida drfsfs pinåtfdbs y adioôefdbs qua bkrao an pbsi buob nbrhb atbpb nnaob ga priknaebs sidfbnas nis

dubnas pradfpftbo nb bddfôo efnftbr lunefobgb diotrbGbvfg Gb`i ao 26<< v, sikra tigi asta ebnastbr sidfbnjbkråb ga dinebrsa-dio an ræhfeao ga gaseboas ga

Cabo Kagan Ki`bssb bkirtbgi pir an Haoarbn Di-nfohkb.

Nb [apóknfdb hbkioasb nb eaois gaslbviradfgb jbs-tb an eieaoti pir an grbebtfsei ga nb ravinudfôo

aebodfpbnfstb gan diotfoaota tbekfæo jb sfgi bladtbgb pir an hinpfsei y itrbs drfsfs fotaebs. Ao 26<7 sa

prigudao nis fodfgaotas hinpfstbs qua eâs jbo diostarobgi bn pbås sf kfao an ]rasfgaota Ek â Efdi bsfstfgi pir diotfohaotas efnftbras lrbodasas nihrbråb ra-prfefr nb fosurraddfôo y raduparbr an pigar.

Ao nb [apóknfdb gan Dbearóo nb avinudfôo ga nbsdrfsfs gan Astbgi gfsdurra b vadas dio ebrdjbei gahuarrb dfvfn, y b vadas dio dbekfis krusdis fosispadjbgis3 Dbearóo jb vfsti su tarrftirfi taòfgi aosbohra dubogi frruepa nb vfinaodfb sus huarrbs-lnbsqua óntfebeaota sa jbo sudasfgi dio hrbogas fotarvbnis ga tfaepi.

Ao Kuruogf an Dbpftâo Ef`iekari pioa lfo bn ræhfeao eioârqufdi ga Eubekutsb F\ (26<<), y hikfarobgurbota uob gædbgb sfaogi garridbgi b su vaz, pirCubo Kbutfstb Kbhbzzb ( 268 < .

Ao [wbogb an trfkbnfsei frrbgfb luartaeaota jbstb



HQFOAB ADQ Q[FBN ]IQEFDB n [A NFG G 4

dieprieatar nb diovfvaodfb y prigudfr an igfi vbogâ¸nfdi aotra nb efoiråb tutså y nis ju tu.

Ao nb [apóknfb ga Qhbogb an garridbefaoti ga Efn-tio Ikita ao 2682 sôni supusi nb puastb ao ebrdjb gauob sidfagbg ga ebsbdras aspadtbdunbras bgefofstrb

gis pir an gfrfhfsei sbohrfaoti ga Belo Gbgb, duyb

pinåtfdb diolnfdtfvb paoatrb nbs lriotarbs ga Fsrban2682) y ga nb [apóknfdb ga Wbozbofb 2688).

Ao an pridasi @aofi nb foastbkfnfgbg nb vfinaodfbdunefobrio ao 26<6 dio an bsasfobti gan obdfiobnfstb

Ekiyb uo pbås gioga an Ebu-Ebu jbkåb fostf tudfiob¸nfzbgi an tarrirfsei.

Ao an Btnbs Ebhrakå nb fogapaogaodfb ga Brhanfb sanihrb pir nb huarrb aotra an LNO y nb ipisfdfôo dini-ofbn lrbodasb laoôeaoi pripfi ga nbs nudjbs fogapao-gaotfstbs. ]ari gaspuæs ga nb fogapaogaodfb an ob-dfiobnfsei sa ebotfaoa luarta y ebrdb pbsis ga hf-hbota jbdfb nb fzqufargb pbrb bsuefr an nfgarbzhi ga

larvir prihrasfstb ao an Ebhrak3 axpioaota ga anni luaan garridbefaoti ga Kao Kannb ao 26<<, pir uo hinpaga Astbgi.

Ao galfoå tfvb, an pradfi ga nbs fogapaogaodfbs blrfdb

obs tuvi gasga euy taeprboi y sfhua taofaogi bóo

jiy ao gåb diei gaoiefobgir dieóo uob gfoâefdbga dbekfis axtraebgbeaota diovunsfvb grbeâtfdb

qua tfaoa sus dbusbs priluogbs b vadas ao an oaidini-ofbnfsei y nbs eâs ga nbs vadas ao nb foebguraz sidfi-pinåtfdb ga nis blrfdbois. Qob hæoasfs avinutfvb ga sa-eacbota obturbnazb ao nb qua nis obdfiobnfseis siopnurbnas sa yarhuao diei uo gasai fosbtfsladji jbga aodiotrbr nb raspuastb lirzisb a fepnådftb ao a

sukgasbrrinni.



Nb radiostruddf o



r2u f(f ) f , . d f n f d ^ 3fnt'fnnu ^2/ 'u 'u 3u l?¡n¸ u/,¸ut¡ g2¸ / 0 >.d.oujnfdnn. r n-l ¸ ~

g,¸f>

r . ¸ , r¡ n ¡ ' ¸ - l n n n d f n t n / Q g n / r C / 2 2 /



Gaspuæs ga nb fogapaogaodfb y gaspuæs ga nis bdiotadfefaotis ga ebrzi ga 6<6 pugi prigudfrsa pari

oi sa priguci uo diolnfdti brebgi ao an pbås.Tfo aekbrhi euy prioti aepazbråbo b eboflastbr

sa nis såotiebs ga uob tarrfkna drfsfs pinltfdb y sidfbnqua gatarfirbråb rbgfdbneaota an asquaeb gan pigardiostftufgi nb astrudturb gan Astbgi ga nb adioieåby ga nb Bgefofstrbdfôo ]óknfdb ao haoarbn jbstb sutrâhfdb gasdiepisfdfôo.

Gurbota ioda bòis Hufoab Adubtirfbn pareboada fo-

dôhoftb eacir gadfr invfgbgb y bfsnbgb pir an rasti ganeuogi pir oi axfstfr ofohuob luarzb sidfbn i pinåtfdbdbpbz ga silidbr uob drfsfs qua aepucô bn pbås bn kirga ga nb gasbpbrfdfôo diei Astbgi sikarboi. Eâs tbrga nb bntarobtfvb ga dbekfi taogråb qua surhfr gan

acærdfti pbrb rasdbtbr bn puakni ga nis jirriras ga sutrbhagfb. An dbekfi prigudfgi jb navbotbgi âofeis yasparbozbs y an eacir ga nis eaciras jieaobcas quajby qua trfkutbr b gfdji dbekfi as uob radiostruddfôo qua radnbeb an asluarzi haoarbdfiobn ga qua asdbpbz ga bpirtbr an pbås. Jaeis ga radioidarni bså afodnusi gaouodfbrni dio jiorbgaz a jfgbnhuåb lrboquazb y sfodarfgbg sikra tigi nis hufoai-adubtirfbois qua oi axparfeaotbeis gfradtbeaota nbs vfvaodfbs ga ouastrb prfearb gædbgb ga fogapaogaodfb pir

aodiotrbrois ao an axtarfir y qua jaeis raouodfbgii pigaeis raouodfbr sf quaraeis b nb rasfgaodfb be

kunbota i bpâtrfgb fodioaxb dio nb rabnfgbg obdfiobn.Tfaogi bså qua nb sinudfôo ga nb drfsfs iodaobn jb



~ ~ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ' ~ ' ' ' • - j^' '''*"" f ' ~ Q . n n t • ,¸ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 2 . ' ~ ' ' t ' ^ ^J^l ^ ' '¸j^Q •tQl.,.,.Y , , , ~ ~ ~ ' ' ' ' ' - ' t-[ o' ,.dx'tgj-3

' ~ ~ " ' ¸ ..... ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ " ' ' ' ~ ~ ' ' - ' ' ' ~ nt^ ' ' ' ¸'••- - . - ~ ~ ) ~ " ~ ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ~ t'^'^ ' ' 2 ^ t ^ lQ( ^ ttl

- 3 ' . 0 ' ~ ' n ' ¸ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ , - . l , ~ ^ . , ~ u ( ^ ~ ^ • ~ u . ^ ~ oubv- t . l n n ~ ~ , Y . . , ~ O l ' ~ ¸ ~ , ~ '"'.''"' ~ t • ~ ¸ u o t ' t r u t, ..n. ^2 . ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ' - ' ¸ ' O - . ~ ~ • Y , ~ , nn n t

~ ' f E t ~ - r * ~ ~ nb ~ n o $ t n ' ` ' - ' ~ ^ t ^ t ^ n ^ ~ nupr an- . . 1 7 ( - ~ ~ ~ 2 ~ ~ . ^ ~ n b tnn ' ~ jukfasa taofgi~ ~ - c n X t 3 3 b ~ " ' - ~ - ^ . & e ' r f l ` ' ' ' ^ ~ f g b s juebobs~ ~ - - ~ ~ ¸ ~ ..

¸¸ Nb ~ ~ ~ ' - ~ ' e t ' o $.n ousrob sa jb bkfarti b nis~ " ' - ~ ~ " ~ $ ~ " ' - ~ uo bkbofdi ga pisfkfnfgb~ ~ ~ - - a r nb ]btrfb.. ]brb astb aeprasb nb df~ . ~ . . . - ~ ¸.fa3 ~ . . ` .2M =12= RR ~ j f z i asparbr, nb dftb~ ~ 3bn DIF'`. QQ TT obturbn ga nbs luar3G tL 2 u o ~ ~ . . .Y ~ 0 v f g i b nb drfsfs iodaobn,

~ u ~ ~ ' N B jsfdb i aspfrftubn diotrfkufr be b . ~ ¸ b igr u.ob f ~ Q a - b Hufoab diocuotbogi aobib ~ f b ... agb ga dbekfis nis bpirtas oadasb

r n n f4 f ~ db33iiso uddfôrNNb ~ grt 4 ga ~ t i bpanbkb tbekfæo b nb dio- ¸ rrb.3Wu]f i¸ b nb t i e b ga diodfaodfb obdfiobn,

pa•4pfi ga eaotas nódfgbs, dubnflfdbgbs, bk,. : •9frlf . .YYY s.2bs ~ raspiosbknas.

Nb. G ~ t pfrusb b ~ - a d a s qua an eacirbefaoti gan¸ ~ • w n r 0 b r fadtrfdi urkboi ga Ebnbki, nb fobuhurbdfôo• ¸ ~ K K d.aat.r;n kågCoanædtrfdb, atd., sa sikrbo i sa kbs~ pa2; ta trbosliooa. Vi pfaosi qua astb~ a ¸ r g dbekfi y nb radios3truddfôo as nb

jfnnnbt lbDBCrd FIgi sf ta tfaoa ao duaotb qua tigbs~ 3 f r ~ ga tboabeåaoti y ga gfvar&bD ~ b ~ ~ b . QC]

q u t diou.kb an pbll• bota* ganb

....,.,.,. C ~ d f 3 f . v gBd3ruyario ao tCF2Da blte . , - ~ f b • bHF33Cf•E qn n l 3 X ~ B n , ot eudlti eaot Yt aa>eôefdb.C, CÂFCI. , , • ... 0 a• t ` a n . r ~ .

. 2222823 .k b t g ~ - . ga u .- a•trbwp. ikcatf^nb, t ~bi ebtw.- ~ â p f n ( 3 o ga ~ r f k u f r b nb radio•tO73dnôoCED.....Y jbb ga ..u•tbGIrE ra.a ô g a . b r r i n n b r ~ a pbrbCa.



2-tttotrtt••, yo .. n ' n f n n r t l l n ~ ' '222t. tf X, ' ' ~ ~ ' ~tnnn ttQ luttt. Qntn0 lfOCCt7 X l . ( Y , . , l . J F F . ~ 9 E - ~ 0 ~ ~ ¸ 0 ~lfBr¸• (lt•]' 2E o u • t ~ t t - • 2 • ~ (nnc r - * ~ ~ ' - ~ ~ ~ . , ~ ~

Qo pC i r g ~ t r t ~ ~ ~ - - - C•n ~ X j ' > E ' B B , . . Y , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ^ ., E ~ t r r t f -,Cbgannn ' ' "' "'•r•eC'lD' tlBC ~ k r 0 r 2 • ~ ~ n l X ~ o ~ f - ¸ ' 2 ~ ~•r f C r o f o [ g i ~ pr.rb q t ~ ' C p:` ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ E ~ ~ 9

trbonnluo-obdtte ga lb ~ B 3 f n a g b g r.3-tvJ. ~ ~ 2 2 2 2 2 ~ebotlaoao tugbvnb d . C ~ f t ' ~ ¸ y w . r ~ ~ .,fgb¸ ~ 4 2 2brdbfdi• y b r d b C 2 ~ o t a ~ ~ a d - , . a o r-bY ~ r . B u d . r . . f ~adioôefdb diei Ctopagåeortr'-' ga' . F ~ t 33.-ra-

d f e f a o t i ~ nbs btbgurb22 ga QCCE trbgfd.ff"Eo r r r ~ ~Kbknas dio nbs a x å h a o d å b ~ ga lb vCgb ga oi,t, ~ o d @ t a o aonb diogudtb ga nis huforbnnn .å2 ao 6Q a o d ~ t r 2 2 ¸3 .E n t

eagfi aspiotâoai ga ~ a d . o o t ~ .An bobnlbkatfsei ao pbr` t3faua nb ga - ~ -E

foglhaobs, sikra tigi gan eagfi rurbN ¸ebeaotbnfgbg prigudtfvb asaodCbnered

An dbekfi ga eaotbnfgbg ~ tbo oadasbrfi ~ 0b.radiostruddfôo gan pbås diei ni as ¹ ~ lfn2bG..dfari y gaeâs eagfis ebtarfbnas gr ptigbdIFIFN kdfarti qua of nb dnbsa bgefofsrrbtfVb i 42.

nb ænfta duntb jbo bpirtbgi nis sulnd3faunb l'TI[ Q9i . .22puakni pbrb gaseiotbr su diodapdfIfn er3xb • 3b '22-

gb, brrbfhbgb ao nis eigis ga ~ f g b nbkirbN3- lbe.t2fbr

bkiråhaoas, nis dubnas btbo b.n pb¡s bn n n . f s n r t . d 'nn3n ..turbn. Eudjis fotanadtubnas axfnfbgis. ~radao jbkarni aotaogfgi bsf, buoqua tigis. od F ~b bsuefr an rati ga rationI bn p: nT pbrb u o q u f s r b r gdbekfi fo sftu. ni qua ao a-C n a o h u b ~ nnboi«brrfebr an jiekri•. Itris jbo d Tparbgi gntn ~ -oi uob diovidbtirfb pinåtfdb ~ p a d f b . n pbrb gbr an sbf-ti gan axtrbocari b nb g f r ~ d f ô o "¸aof'-¸bn ga nb gfobnok3bgan Astbgi. Aotra 26<6 26:=. u t o . ~ ~ o-pbtrfbobb

f o d i r p i r â o g i ~ ~ ao gj¸arsi.s 3 ~ t i o . T . ~ tb ~ ~ ~ v.

d i o t r f k u y ~ o g i b nb ' ' - ' t I o ~ ~ ( ~ i k ` ' o & . ' - ^- ^ . ' ~ > ¸

pdirft"odfffs.qu>' g> ~ e ' t ~ n oi & . - ~ i . j u o "''tr 0tr.0ito¸b.ga nb rttujgbg ob,¸tn^obn. A n ^ . ~ óntfonn."-' kBi • ~ t v

i k n f b ~ g i b n'Q.Fn^j&ur ~ u s b o t ~ t ' - } • ~ ~ ' - Q ~ ~ ~ Y.. ~ ot.bs ga vfg• þn ~ u j ~ . - ~ ~ JYt..bt¸ 2 ^ ^ ` ^ ~ ~ - a buo ibtb b ~ u b o u n f i . fotw'wonnu ^2. s u j b n u ' ` ' n , ~ t n '



ZC DIOTW TWFOI IDJB3.t E\A KAOHIKAT E

su gadfsfôo sikra nb pnbtblioob ga uo oikna saotfefaoti obdfiobnfstb. eâs sucati b uo sikragisfs gabntrufsei qua b diogfdfioas y diotrbpbrtfgbs ga sbtfslbddfôo ebtarfbn An trfkuti ga asta saotfefaoti jb sc..

gi ao idbsfioas nb aolaooagbg. nb ebnb sbnug i nbeuarta (dbsi gan adioiefstb Aorfqua Oùnu). \fstbsnbs disbs gasga ast parspadtfvb. oi pbrada pridagao.ta duastfiobr nb rapbtrfbdfôo. sikra tigi ga n dnbsa fotanadtubn hufoai-adubtirfbob qua jiy rasfga luarb ganpbfs.. V pfaosi qua FIIb^'fb an Hikfaoti, qua tbepidi

jb duastfiobgi asta bsuoti. jb fodurrfgi ao uo hrbib d . f a r t ~ ,. bquå quagb pbtaota an raspati trfkutbgi b nb^'Ifuotbg nfkra y b nbs pralaraodfbs sidfbnas ga nbs par.siobs ga gadfgfr su rasfgaodfb. ]ir dfarti. as eboflfas.t-i ~ r c u f d f i '- ujurbn qua nb luh ga darakris idb.sfiob.

n2ob ~ sf p b r a a . ~ foduastfiobkna3 an pritbhiofseifota-nadtubn.. ~ o sus g f ~ o s f i o a s vartfdbnas ,, jirfziotb-nas.. riei lua2 SK pb•-.fdfpbtf^': ga ouastr gfoâefdb g ~-. .bo2kfis. sônu puaga dubcbrsa a.o uo vargbga.ri pritb.~ e f s e i ~ s b t ' r i n n f s t b dujurb.nfzbota sf sa priguda

an pripfi ~ o t i o n i Tt.nD'fbn hufoai> Dubtirfboi ao nbFQnn fôo. An 'ioQnt j.? -..'Ifn nb sidfagbg v sus n a ~ o t i s as

gfb nisi qut' foliteb gf ~ t s y Ikcatfvbeaota b nb7-. nlnTf( ujb. p u ~ s sd.^ni ~ o an saoi ga nb sidfagbg ~ s f g anb, [ bn gbg ~ ' f b n 0 g f b n ~ st,oflf'-3b o u t i g ~ a o v ~ C v f ouaotu ga ~ j u dbo b 2 o k f ~ . o t a sid•bt an dubn suh2aranbs p b u t b ~ t.' fgabs n'IC^Î fog`¸bgur g f n ~ t i ga nbs (`strb .

n>'-njns t jirfziotas g ~ pbrtft'fpbdfôo. Nb r ~ b n f g b g ob'-'fuou.n. ~ u ~ b t w Q ^ . " ~ ' n t f jueboi ni ~ ' I n d . ^ n C j I. x ~ iks a n " ^ ' b ~ f t ) t ^ d o n p å r f ~ t n botas gD s i e ( ' t a r s ~ b n Qbnqufar

t o . u b o 2 f ~ o t i ltsfn'I i o n ~ t b l , s f ^ . ' = , fgD'Ifôbj. i. ~ ' ( n o ô e f ¸î't.n, " ~ r u j.'I. n.b rt-oQgbd.f obdfion^2 t s pbsbgu. p o 3 - s ~ o t ~lujbru0 p o , ~ n ( ' D t I o n ~ f ô o 3 jf$tirfb y t'ujue. ~ • ~ ...3-u•ogo ~ n o t ~ o n p j u n b gasg luab-b^ put'gd lbnsabrsa', is,e,t-narsd ^ f o t D ' t p f ' D t [ d f i o a ~ bo^kfbþbs a febbfobrtbs.

~ f o 0^^'('^t)o ^. Qto¡ouon.dJ ntkn.Out^sttn^ ~ o a r b ~ f t ) o j t n t ' n ~ t u b n tfaoa uob gaugb jfs

Îrt^. t^ q u ~ ~ b n g b t ' dio H u j ~ Adubtirfbn3 tfaoa uo ef¸bnôo q u ~ duonpJr. RQa' ~ b a o d n b n e a o t a duotbfsta ao bsu-.



H ~ Q O A A.DF BWI[FBN F INAEFDB V [ABNFGBG CF

efrnb rabnfzbdfôo ga su fgaotfgbg dunturbn y sidfbn. An

prihrbeb jfstôrfdi bkfarti haoarisbeaota pbrb due-

pnfr dio asta jfstôrfdi gakar sa nnbeb [ADIOTW[QD-DFIO.

Nb haoarbdfôo ga nis jiekras ga nb fogapaogaodfbjb ao^-acadfgi y gasbpbradfgi, y b pasbr gan trâhfdi pb-ræotasfs iodaoKn gasaodbgaobgi pir gfdjb haoarbdfôo,sus jiekr as tfaoao duepnfgb su efsfôo3 an cufdfi ga nbikcatf,¸fgbg ga rfhir. as nb haoa bdfôo luogbgirb ganAstbgi fogapaogfaota ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn. ga susikarbofb. Qob vfsfôo gasaolidbgb y galirebgb ganb drfsfs iodaobn sarfb nb qua pripaogb b eiotbrdrftfdbs sôni b pbrtfr ga sus aladtis y saduaodfbs.ao nuhbr ga radihar nbs dbusbs qua fepusfario itf^'2^rio nb gatarfirfzbdfôo gan pbfs pbrb avftbr su rapatfd.fôo.

Ouastrb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis, vfstb bg fotrb. prasaotb D IfnnI bxfieb obdfiobn prfebrfi nb uofgbg. sustaotbota feprasdfogfkna ga nb d i o s t r u ~ ' D f ô o pbtrfb. Nb

uofgbg trbsdfaoga tigi pistunbgi ga irgao dfvfn y ti

gbs nbs >.'IIrgaobgbs y bntaebtf^nKT ga nb nfkartbg gadbrâdtar gfshWD'hbgir. galirebgir i diospfrbgir ga nb

diodfaodfb gan puakni. Jb uob raspiosbkfnfgbg fota¸nadtubn y eirbn ao tigi alni. g ~ nb qua oi sa sustrbaofCn:nbo sa-dtir jueboi g ~ nb q u ~ oi sa puaga gfsi.dfbr of onbrhfobr an gasbrrinni ga nb vfgb piJtf^.'& v

s i ~ f b n .Nb uofgbg ga qua iquå sa nrbtb ou t.'¸iepirtb ofo[óo

axdnusfvfsei oB^. fiobnfstb ga d b o ` t ~ r l b o â t ` ~ . gai uopuD'jni fogfvfgubnfstb, p u t ~ oi axf fndo fo^.¸iepbtfkfnf¸gb.`s D'otf D' nb bgjasfôo obdfiobn bn pistunbgi g ~ nbuofgbg y nb axpbosfôo axtarfir.

Nb ~ b n f g b g ga nb uofgbg as uo s ~ o t f e f a o t i ,, uob

pruyo3dfôo qua bpanb b nb d i o c u o ~ f i i ga tigbs u

l u ~ o b s pbofd3fpbonas g ~ nb [adiostrut.'n3nio ga n Astbgi

¡ u f o ~ u b t i r f b . o i . sikra Fo kbsa ga nb prfearb ga susluarzbs, RQD' ~ T an ruakCi i nu sidf('Dcbg dfvfn. Tikf D

tb kbsa jirfziotb. g ~ nb qua ~ o 2 b o b t•n f g ~ , b r f i gd nbuofgbg obd fIFQnn ^ ' ~ o r u ~ t?n irgao fostftudfiobn a



4; DIOT n3 tO WFOI ID JB. 'B E^- A KA.t.\H>CKATBEB

ouastrb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis y sa diogfdfiob an pritbhiofsei gan Astbgi.

]igråb jbknbrsa ga uo obdfiobnfsei sukcatfvi andubn jb jadji bdti ga prasaodfb ao an laoôeaoi foga-paogaotfstb ga ouastri diotfoaota y qua pir dfartijb dioidfgi jieaobcas dbrfseâtfdis y jb sbkfgi d ~tbr sulrbYhfis diei dioqufstbgir ga ebsbs duyb saosfkfnfgbg axpnitb y axdftb eagfbota varkirrab fgainô.hfdb i gaebhôhfdb. Fogugbknaeaota asta obdfiobnfs-ei sa eitfvb ga uo eigi u itri ao laoôeaois sidfb-

nas nfhbgis dio nbs focustfdfbs nb lbntb ga nfkartbgas nbefsarfb atd. qua an pripfi puakni vfva. An obdfiobnfs-ei sukcatfvi qua as an ga nis sucatis Astbgis hrupisjuebois pinåtfdis gaebhihis atd. jb gacbgi eu-djbs juannbs ao nb jfstirfb ga nb dfvfnfzbdfôo y b vadasjb haoarbgi botbhiofseis y diolnfdtis sidfbnas.

Wbekfæo axfsta an itri pini gan obdfiobnfsei an piniipuasti -supuasti i diotrbpuasti- qua as nb dio-taepnbdfôo rabnfzbdfôo radioidfefaoti diosarvbdfôoy bsuodfôo raspiosbkna y dieprieatfgb ga nis vbni-ras asaodfbnas qua diostftuyao nb nfkarbdfôo gan gastf-oi jfstôrfdi ga uob dieuofgbg juebob fosartb ao uotarrftirfi duyb pripfb jfstirfb ni arfha ao obdfôo. -

hóo astis vbniras uo hrupi jueboi acarda su nfkartbgy sikarboåb su sar dunturbn su fogapaogaodfb aoduboti qua nb jfstirfb na jb pripfdfbgi su pripfi gas-tfoi ao an tfaepi. An obdfiobnfsei ikcatfvi sa diovfar-ta bså ao an vargbgari obdfiobnfsei yb qua oi sa lircbgasga ofohóo fgabnfsei of ni pioao2is oisitris3 axfstaga pir så y aebob ga nb jfstirfb ga dbgb dieuofgbg

obdfiobNOuastrb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis axfha pbrb Cb [adios¸

truddfôo an diodursi gan obdfiobnfsei ikcatfvi an ir¸tigixi ao an qua sa luogbroaotb an bxfieb uoftbrfi

qua ybda ao an aspårftu gan puakni. As tbekfæo uo pis¸

tunbgi pbrb nb axpbosfôo axtarfir gan pbås pir sar par¸eabkna b tigb suarta ga fotardbekfis axtarois ga ir¸gao dunturbn adioôefdi y tadoinôhfdi. oisitris oisfodueka bsuefr asta obdfiobnfsei irtigixi pirouastrb diogfdfôo ga haoarbdfôo puaota aotra an eb¸



HQFOA ADQ WI[C N ]INAEFD V [F3 BNFGBG CC

nihrbgi pbsbgi an asparbozbgi luturi ois foduekaan gakar ga breiofzbr astb sfotioåb aotra an pbsbgian luturi sfo taoarnb qua dieprieatar dio uo obdfI

obnfsei ga varsfioas axôtfdbs.



n puakni y su gfoæefdga d ekfis



AN ]QAKNI

An diodapti pua ni oi as uoåvidi pir uofvarsbn quasa ois prasaota sfoi eâs kfao aqufvidi y susdaptfknaga diolusfôo pir nis saotfgis qua ao æn sa diotfaoao.Bså su saotfgi haijueboi fepnfdb drftarfis gaeihrâ-lfdis astbgåstfdis y itris lbdtiras galfofgiras dio r s-

padti ga nb dfugbg ga nb bngab qua sio itris tfpis gabhrupbefaotis juebois. Efaotrbs su saotfgi piQtfdiois ilrada sus itris ebtfdas ao nis gflaraotas eieao-tis ga nb Jfstirfb.

Dio ranbdfôo b Hufoab Adubtirfbn an puakni oi assfepnaeaota nb piknbdfôo bgsdrftb b nb obdfôo dieisókgftis pripfis sfoi qua as tbekfæo uo pridasi avi-nutfvi ga fotahrbdfôo dunturbn aspfrftubn eirbn.sidfbn pinåtfdi atd. dbpbz ga trboseftfrsa b nb pista-rfirfgbg diei nb pripfb fogapaogaodfb. Wigis nis ana-eaotis ga asta pridasi avinutfvi qua bsidfbtfvbeaotaois vfaoao fotahrbgis ao uob uofgbg piknbdfiobn y si-

dfb diostftuyao fotarasas suparfiras dieuoas quaaxpnfdbo nb vinuotbg pinftfdb qua gfi nuhbr b nb foga-

paogaodfb y b nb bkinfdfôo gan ræhfeao diniofbn. Ao as¸ta saotfgi an obdfiobnfsei rasuntb custi y oadasbrfi.

Nbs gflfduntbgas surhao dubogi bn obdfiobnfsei nibkirgbo2is pir drftarfis v diogudtbs dfvfdbs qua ois

fotrigudao ao an eainni ga nis diotnfdtis sidfbnas.Ao nbs dieuofgbgas obdfiobnas ga Blrf oahrb

diaxfstao an pnurbnfsei u0kbn obturbn an bgvaotfdfi.

An prfeari diepraoga nb sarfa ga vfvaodfbs naohubs

v anaeaotis botripinôhfdis bkir haoas qua ebrdbonbs gflaraodfbs aspadflfdbs aotra trfkus. rbzbs hrupis



4: DIOTW OWFOI I> 3JB E\L KAOHIKAT E

ætofdis y dnboas diei lbdtiras aspiotâoais aohnikb.gis ao uo tigi pinltfdi-dunturbn y diovfvaodfbn diostf-tufgi ao Astbgi obdfôo tarrftirfi sieatfgi i diniofb.

Astb sfekfisfs ga anaeaotis galfofgiras ga nis eâr.haoas aspiotâoais y gflaraodfbgiras ga nis hrupis

juebois as uo vbnir suparfir duyb fepirtbodfb pra.vbnada sikra dubnqufar fepirtbodfb pirqua trbsdfao.ga tigbs y dbgb uob ga nbs uofgbgas sidfbnas qua nb fo-

tahrbo diei sio an dnbo nb trfku nb atofb nb sadtbatdætarb. Ao Hufoab Adubtirfbn astb sfekfisfs pnurb

nfstbs

eaois diepnaCb qua ao eudjis Astbgis gaÂlrfdb. An pnurbnfsei obturbn gan puakni ga HufoabAdubtirfbn diepbrbtfvbeaota as fosaosfkna y sustbo-dfbneaota dbraota ga fodiepbtfkfnfgbgas fotråosadbs0

anni sa gaka b eudjbs rbzioas aotra itrbs pirqua n

pbås tfaoa uob piknbdfôo dubotftbtfvbeaota folarfir bnb ga nb ebyir pbrta ga nis pbfsas gan diotfoaota ni

qua pripfdfb nb fotahrbdfôo sidfbn y nb lbntb ga gasb-rrinni ga sadtiras darrbgis a fepæreabknas b nis usisdlvfdis dio2uoas. b sahuogb rbzôo rbgfdb ao an jadji

ga qua nis vbniras ga nb dfvfnfzbdfôo sa jbo hastbgisikra an sukstrbti blrfdboi eâs dieóo qua aepbrao

tb b nis hrbogas hrupis ætofdis asa sukstrbti as suirfhao kbotó. An pnurbnfsei obturbn puas sa rasuanva

ao su pripfi irfhao. Bn sukstrbti jueboi bkirfhao sajb suebgi bn pbsi gan tfaepi an gan eastfzbca gitbgiga uob hrbo dbpbdfgbg diohæoftb pbrb nb fotahrbdfôo

sidfbn. As an sukstrbti jueboi qu a aodbeb eacir anvfrtuisfsei dfugbgboi. Ao galfoftfvb sa bpradfb uob

taogaodfb diseipinftb ao nb avinudfôo gan sukstrbtipiknbdfiobn aspiotâoai ni qua diostftuya uob dio-qufstb pbrb nb hufoafgbg.

An pnurbnfsei bgvaotfdfi tbepidi prasaotb diotri

varsfbs of aodbrob luarzbs sidfbnas frradiodfnfbknas. bpbsfôo y nb nudjb pir nb fogapaogaodfb obgb tfaoa quavar dio an fgainihfsei qua ebrdb gfvfsirfbs ga ipf-ofioas giheâtfdbs ao an pritbhiofsei pinåtfdi. Niseôvfnas fgabJzbotas suanao astbr nfhbgis bn luodfiob

efaoti gan sfstaeb adioôefdi b pbrtfr ga uo hrbgibpradfbkna i euy anavbgi ga gasbrrinni. Nbs diogf-



HQFOA ADQ I [ F F ~ CC C/.AEFDB V [A NFG G C6

dfioas sidfiadioôefdbs bdtubnas oi bgeftao bntarobtf-vbs fgainôhfdbs puas æstbs sa pragfdbråbo sikra vbdni.

An pbrt fgfsei pinåtfdi hao arbneaota sa custflfdb pirnbs pisfdfioas adioôefdbs ga nb sidfagbg ao qua yb

pragiefob bn ebrhao ga itris fotarasas qua vbo tbe-kfæo uofgis b nb rabnfgbg sidfiadioôefdb. Ao ni qua bn

puakni efsei diodfaroa obgfa qufara ilr jbknbr garavinudfôo. Ta gb oi ikstbota uob dfartb gfvarsfgbgga paosbras gaotri ga nb dnbsa bgefofstrbtfvb qua asdiosaduaodfb nôhfdb ga nb eaotbnfgbg bgqufrfgb pir nbdnbsa astugfisb y luodfiobrfbn gurbota an nbrhi parni-

gi ga drfsfs iodaobn gurbota nb dubn. nb fgab ga kfaoas-tbr y ga n fkartbr lbefnfbr y parsiobn lua bsidfâogisa bnb diodapdfôo gan pigar póknfdi diei pbtrfeiofi ydiei prfvfnahfi bddasfkna b trbvæs gan nbzi lbefnfbr.

Nb draaodfb y an saotfefaoti ga qua nb pritaddfôo df-vfn, nb iktaodfôo ga kaoalfdfaodfbs póknfdbs nb nfkar-

tbg nbs hbrbotfbs ga kfaoastbr sidfbn atd . ga nbs par-

siobs gapaogao i sa diogfdfiob pir nb vfodunbdfôopbraotbn axfstaota aotra an dfugbgboi y nb dnbsa gfrf-haota as diosaduaodfb ga nb gatarfirfzbdfôo ga nb Bg-efofstrbdfôo ]óknfdb gurbota nis bòis ga nb drfsfs io-

daobn y as tbekfæo eitfvi ga qua an pbraotasdi dio-

tfoóa diosarvbogi hrbo folnuaodfb y brrbfhi dbpbdasga pioar ao panfhri nbs hrbogas gadfsfioas gaeidrâtf-dbs obdfiobnas. sl puas quagb ao aotragfdji nb ras-piosbkfnfgbg dåvfdb yb qua an drf ta gi ga sfepbtåb pb-

raotbn prfeb sikra an drftarfi pinltfdi ikcatfvi. pbofrga asta eieaoti nb gaeidrbdfb pfarga fotaræs pbrtfgfs-tb. An pbraotasdi tfaoa uo vbnir y uo bndboda euy luar-

tas ao nbs ranbdfioas fotarjuebobs. Dbgb hufoaâoi gabsdaogaodfb ætofdb gfradtb tfaoa aotra dfao y gisdfao-tis i eâs pbrfaotas vfodunbgis bn ârkin titæefdi lbef-

nfbr¸ gan pbgra y Yga nb e b ~ r a g a nb aspisb y gan d .fpisi.Ao astbs d 9 o ~ n 3 t i o a s , nb CQTtfdfb ikcatfvb. nb qua sa rfha

pir an pood2p2i giheâtfdi gan d u f q u t ~ sur.Jo, sulrabtripannis dio lraduaodfb ao an puakni nnboi gioga su

bpanbdfôo sukirgfob an vbnir ætfdi y i c a t f v ~ ga nb n ~ ¸dfvfn bn lbvirftfsei trfkbnfzbota gan lbefnfbr fovastfgiga butirfgbg ao an piknbgi dfugbg. rahfôo gfstrfti i



pri 0odfb ga nis gaebogbotas3 an hufoaboi sfhua sfao-gi bså y sahufrâ sfaogi bså efaotrbs aoduaotraaståeunis ao nb dirrupdfôo bgefofstrbtfvb qua vb gas-ga nis diosacis ga piknbgis b nbs fostftudfioas supa-rfiras gan pbås. b gaeidrbdfb fostburbgb pir an -

tubn ]rasfgaota ga nb [apóknfdb an gasbrrinni diostftu-dfiobn nb bgefofstrbdfôo ga nb custfdfb sa gasaovuan-vao tigb ¸åb dio aoiooas gflfduntbgas ao eagfi ga uob

sidfagbg dfvfn qua oi bdbkb ga bkbogiobr dfartbs dis-tuekras qua pir su brdbåsei su fodiepbtfkfnfgbg

dio an Astbgi ga Garadji gaeidrâtfdbeaota drabgifepfgao an gasbrrinni sidfbn dio taogaodfb b suefr anpbås ao an foeivfnfsei dunturbn sidfbn. An pbraotasdiga sbohra ao Hufoab Adubtirfbn as fhubn qua ao tigi aneuogi as eâs3 an saotfgi priluogi jueboi åotfeibladtfvi sidfbn ga nb lbefnfb nb vbnirbdfôo ætfdb gaastb fostftudfôo nb dinidbo ao an nuhbr ao nb fepir-tbodfb custis ao qua nb sftóbo tboti nb pripfb trbgfdfôo

blrfdbob diei nis vbniras ga ouastrb dfvfnfzbdfôo ei-garob. ]ari gurbota nb drfsfs iodaobn an butæotfdi sao-tfgi blrfdboi ga jarebogbg ga pbraotasdi ætofdi itrfkbn quagô gastrufgi sa fepusi nb bekfhþagbg ao

nb vbnirbdfôo gan pbraotasdi lbefnfbr pir rbzioas ga

diovaofaodfb pinåtfdb jbstb an axtraei ga qua an dio-dapti ga nb jarebogbg gan pbraotasdi luario par-gfaogi ao fotaræs aspfrftubn lbefnfbr ni qua fkbo hb-obogi ao vbnir pinåtfdi curågfdi jbstb diovartfrsaao fostrueaotis pritadtiras ga Fb ganfoduaodfb ganbtripanni ga nb brkftrbrfagbg.

An pbraotasdi i b jarebogbg pinåtfdb diostftuya

puas uob panfhrisb diotrbgfddfôo qua beaobzb diotrbnis ikcatfvis oiknas gaU puakni ao nb gfoâefdb ga dbe-kfis pirqua quakrbotb rahnbs eirbnas a folrfoha nayaspaobnas.

Tfo aekbrhi taoaeis qua taoar prasaota qua nb ga-tarfirfzbdfôo ga distuekras oi puaga bounbr an saotf-

gi butæotfdbeaota kbotó blrfdboi gan pbraotasdiga nb jarebogbg.

Nis eadbofseis ga butigalaosb obturbn hbrbotfzb-

giras ga nb sahurfgbg parsiobn i lbefnfbr kbsbgis ao



HQFOA AD\ WI[F N ]INAEFD [A NFG G 7

nb bepnftug fogalfofgb ga nb rag ga nbs vfodunbdfioaspbraotbnas. jb taofgi axfstaodfb ao nbs uofgbgas ætofdbs bkiråhaoas ga nb piknbdfôo prfe ftfvb ao eieaotisgan pbsbgi pradiniofbn pirqua nb sahurfgbg ga nis fo-gfvfguis nis sukhrupis dfâofdis i lbefnfbras dbra

dåbo bóo ga uob irhbofzbdfôo suparfir fovastfgb gabutirfgbg ga uob nay b nbs qua sa bgjarfasao tigbsastbs uofgbgas pinåtfdi-lbe fnfbras diaxfstaotas dubogiBlrfdb oi jbkåb sfgi tigbvåb diniofzbgb. Ao astbs si-dfagbgas darrbgbs ao an bobrqufsei eâs puri nbs ra-nbdfioas bgjasfvbs sa prasdrfkao luarb ga tigb oireb

tfvb ikcatfvb y gaotri gan ebrdi lbefnfbr titæefdi aogfdji ebrdi rasfgfb nb dnbva ga nis gfvfsfiofseis ætof-dis gan ræhfeao ga bobrquåb irhbofzbtfvb y ga nb lbntbga uo dbugfnnbca nahfsnbgir y uoflfdbgir. An dbrâdtarâhrbli pranftarbrfi ao an saotfgi astrfdti gan tærefoiga nbs dunturbs ætofdbs gaouodfb nb foaxfstaodfb ga uofostrueaoti fgfieâtfdi sfotatfzbgir ga nb trbgfdfôo

dunturbn kbotó.Tab ni qua sab ni fepirtbota as qua nis fogfdbgiras

dunturbnas y juebois ga tr¸bgfdfôo blrfdbob y kbotó bn

luogfrsa dio nis vbniras ga nb dfvfnfzbdfôo drfstfbob gaiddfgaota b trbvæs ga nb diniofzbdfô o aspbòinb jbo gb-gi nuhbr an obdfefaoti gan puakni hufoaboi diei ao-tfgbg obdfiobn y dieuoftbrfb duyb fgaotfgbg pir boti

oiebsfb as nb hufoafgbg.Nis hrupis ætofdis nis efofhrupis gfbnadtbnas atd.

dio ranbdfôo bn puakni hufoaboi sio uofgbgas pinltf¸dbs folarfiras gasga an puoti ga vfstb gan Astbgi ganbs fostftudfioas póknfdbs ga nb Diostftudfôo ga nbs

nayas y gan kfao dieóo ao haoarbn. Nis luogbeaotisobturbnas jfstôrfdis gan puakni hufoaboi sio bsfefsei ga irgao eirbn y pinåtfdi suparfir. Ga jadji uof-gbgas pinåtfdbs diostftutfvbs ga nb dieuofgbg pipunbroi bdtóbo nb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis pir diepbrtfefaotis astbodis pirqua an puakni as uo kniqua aotftbtfvi.

]brb sar diosaduaotas dio an gastfoi jfstôrfdi y pbrbbsuefr nb raspiosbkfnfgbg ga trboslarfr b nb pista

rfirfgbg uob sbob dieuofgbg dfvfn. Hufoab Adubtirfbn

pradfsb bsuefr nb diodfaodfb ga puakni. jbdfb nb qua



7; DIOTW OWFOI IDJ B E\A KAOHIKAT E

vfartbo nbs dirrfaotas ga paosbefaoti fogfvfgubn i di-nadtfvi nb gfspbrfgbg ga fgabs y nbs pisfdfioas ga ipf-ofôo blfoas bsl diei nb gfoâefdb ga diepataodfbs

ga tigis nis cuahis gfbnædtfdis ga nbs fotarranbdfioassuprbobdfiobnas.

An puakni hufoaboi sf kfao as saosfkna b nis astfeu-nbs psfdinôhfdis qua na puagao nnahbr buo dubogi nasio oidfvis as sfo aekbrhi kuaoi y euy kuaoi.

Nb fostftudfiobnfzbdfôo hrbgubn ga nb sidfagbg adub-tihufoabob bpanb b asb kiogbg obturbn pbrb sboabr nbs

rahnbs brtflfdfbnas ga nb diovfvaodfb pbtrfôtfdb. Gas-puæs ga tigi an puakni hufoaboi duaotb dio lbdtiraslbvirbknas pbrb anugfr b tfaepi an dårduni vfdfisi ganfoeivfnfsei sidfbn bgjarfrsa b uob sbnfgb diostftu-yaota y gasbrrinnfstb eâs ikcatfvb eâs dijaraotadiosaduaota dio su tbebòi obturbn llsfdi gaeihrâ-lfdit dio su fepriotb dunturbn a jfstôrfdbt pir acae-pni su sfodratfsei aspfrftubn slotasfs ga su bdtftugpsfdinôhfdb.



NB GFOBEFDB GA DBEKFIT

Wigb nb jfstirfb juebob sa euava. Asta eivarsadiosfsta ao nb priguddfôo, diosarvbdfôo, rapriguddfôoi rapatfdfôo y sudasfôo ga diogudtbs, fgabs, fgabnas ysudasis. Nb diogudtb sa euava ao an tfaepi y aspbdfi,

pir tboti, as uob gfoâefdb.Astb gfoâefdb oi as sfepnaeaota uo eivfefaoti ga

nb diogudtb juebob, as tbekfæo asaodfbneaota axpra-

sfôo ga nb nfkartbg. Astb nfkartbg sôni tfaoa nfeftb-

dfioas lraota b uo irgao ga vbniras, pirqua ga itrblireb nb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis sa gaskirgb y sa asdbpbga nis diotrinas qua na sio oadasbrfis pbrb su parlad-dfôo. As nb diogfdfôo juebob ga uob obdfôo ni qua fe-pioa nb oadasfgbg ga uob asdbnb ga vbniras qua ras-trfohao an eivfefaoti diostbota ga nb diogudtb y an

gasaovinvfefaoti ga nb nfkartbg sikarbob.]brb nb rabnfzbdfôo ga uob obdfôo. an irgao dfvfn. du-

yb ebtrfz as an irgao fostftudfiobn. as feprasdfogfkna,

pirqua sfo æn oi as pisfkna bsahurbr nb diovfvaodfb of

nis garadjis ga Cbs parsiobs pbrb nbs qua sa d 4. an ir¸gao fostftudfiobn. Oi ao vboi nb Dbrtb ga B`iofka jbgadnbrbgi qua n parsiob juebob as an tåo gan Astbgi.

Nb nfkartbg oi aqufvbna b ofohóo itri anaeaoti gairgao fotrbeuogboi, oi as uob sfekinihåb, sfoi uob

aotfgbg butôoieb. Nb nfkartbg sio nbs parsiobs fogfvf-gubnas dinadtfvbs. Nis vbniras, ao dbekfi, sio sfeki-

nis ga nb nfkartbg i ga nbs parsiobs. puasti q ua sôndtfaoao saotfgi dio ralaraodfb b b parsiob, diostftu¸

yaogi pir anni an drfstbn b trbvæs gan dubn sa iksarvb ¡diogudtb i gfoâefdb ga nb nfkartbgY ts t a ~ . . n ~ b n f ~



DIOTW OWFOI IDJB B E\L KAOHIKATBEB

dfôo ga nb obdfôo y gan aspårftu obdfiobn. ]ir asaasplrftu obdfiobn dbgb parsiob dbgb dfugbgboi asuob såotasfs ga nb obdfôo ao ni vbnirbtfvi y ao ni payirbtfvi. Dbgb adubtihufoaboi puas as uob såotasfs ganpbås i gan puakni.

]uagao gfstfohufrsa tras eboarbs jfstôrfdbs ga axfs

tfr i eboflastbrsa nb diogudtb ga uo puakni. Nb gfoâefdb ga nb nfkartbg juebob sa gaspnfahb ao an tfaepiga dubtri lioobs. Jby uob n fkartbg pr febr fb i as piotâoab qua as botarfir b dubnqufar diniofbnfsei igapaogaodfb pinåtfdb. Astâ gitbgb ga rbshis dunturb-

nas pripfis ga nis puaknis pritijfstôrfdis. Ao astaastbgfi ga nb nfkartbg nbs diogfdfioas ga prihrasi oisio tigbvåb kaoatfdfisbs pir asi nb n fkartbg pbradaastâtfdb foeivfnfstb y dbsf fodiosdfaota3 Nis duntisqua sa prbdtfdbo an brta nb carbrquåb y nb irhbofzb

dfôo sidfbn, nb nftarbturb., nb sbkfguråb atd. sio vfvao

dfbs darrbgbs y tbkubgbs qua oi sa riepao jbstb ao

diotrbrsa dio uob dfvfnfzbdfôo eâs nihrbgb ao bvbo

das. Nb nfkartbg aspiotâoab as nb obturbn y dubogisulra diospfrbdfioas ga luarzbs fovbsirbs euava suseadbofseis ga butigalaosb. Dubogi an dnbo ga nis asb

eaohio ipusi rasfstaodfb b nb paoatrbdfôo ga nis

efsfioaris aspbòinas qua bddagfario pir pr fearbvaz

b nis bogurrfbnas ga Bybefo`ao trbtbkb ga fepagfr an bsaotbefaoti ga uois axpagfdfiobrfis gasdioidfgis ao su wob pir bsahurbr su nfkartbg aspiotâoab, puas oi dbka paosbr qua sus lnadjbs aovaoaobgbs jukfario ga lbkrfdbrsa pbrb galaogar pizis gairi oahri i ybdfefaotis bgbebotfois. a jadji tigis nis hrupis ætofdis ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn t rb tbrio

ga galaogar sus Jkaobgas obturbnas dubogi frrue

pfô an diniofbnfsei iddfgaotbn ao an hinli3 BFCf giogaoi juki ga gasbrrinnbrsa fotaotis ga nudjb sa fepusian oahidfi pinåtfdi dbsi Kiodiri ao Dirfsdi y gabnbki ao Kåi`iCQapgi a eieaoti diniofbn, nb Cåkartbg obturbn sa

ditofao.a ao Cfkartbg ga sukyuhbdfôo. ¡03stb sa fepioae luodfôo ga nb gapaogaodfb pinåtfdb. B pbrtfr ga as-

ta roiroaoti, an saotfgi dinadtfvi ga nb nfkartbg sa gf-



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN ]INAEFDB V [ABNFGBG 1

btbrâ y taogarâ b gaspnahbrsa jbdfb jirfziotas eâsbodjis3 ga jadji uob dunturb ætofdb obturbn b eagf-gb qua bgqufara axparfaodfbs vftbnas ouavbs b trbvæsgan astbgi diniofbn, pir oadasfgbg bkbogiob su na-tbrhi obturbn y aspiotâoai, sa gasfepareabkfnfzb.Obturbneaota, pir ouavis folnucis sus dbekfis sabdusbo. An diniofbnfsei suana gbr nuhbr bn obdfiobnfsei duyi fgabn eâs suknfea as nb fogapaogaodfb. Nbgflaraodfb prfodfpbn axfstaota aotra nb nfkartbg prf-ebrfb ga uo puakni y nb ga sukyuhbdfôo as qua nb prf-earb partaoada b nb dunturb ætofdb, trfkbn i aspiotâ

oab qua ao an liogi as prajfstôrfdb, efaotrbs nbsahuogb sa dbrbdtarfzb pirqua nb nfkartbg sa bdiha bouavis aståeunis sidfbnas y juebois, diei sio nbagudbdfôo, nbs lirebs ga vfgb, nb adioieåb, nb nay nbs

dbrbdtaråstfdbs gan diosuei y nb astrudturb gan pigarpinåtfdi.

Nb nfkartbg ga sukyuhbdfôo as pir ni gaeâs, uo as-tbgi sidfipinåtfdi ga trbosfdfôo3 as an pbsi ga nb dun-turb ætofdb b nb dunturb dåvfdb. Gasga nb nfkartbg gasukyuhbdfôo sa lircb an paosbefaoti haoarbgir ganobdfiobnfsei, qua as uo saotfefaoti sinfgbrfi ga nishrupis juebois, trfkbnas i ætofdis sucatis b uobefseb gapaogaodfb diniofbn.

nb nfkartbg ga sukyuhbdfôo sudaga nb nfkartbg gasikarboåb, qua supioa uo pritbhiofsei pinltfdi gaebsbs3 ao aladti nb diodfaodfb ga sikarboåb suana sarpipunbr, puasti qua sa hastb dio nb pbrtfdfpbdfôo bd-tfvb i pbsfvb gan puakni nnboi, an hrbo radaptir y gas-tfobtbrfi ga nbs dirrfaotas ga dbekfis.

b nfkartbg ga sikarboåb as nb fogapaogaodfb pinå-tfdb ga nis puaknis. As nb b u tirrabnfzbdfôo ga dbgbobdfôo. As nb butipriyaddfôo ga dbgb puakni. b fo-gapaogaodfb as acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbg, y as bgaeâs,uo diepriefsi pir duboti qua aotrbòb kósquagb ganb fgaotfgbg pbrb nb obdfôo civao.

b fogapaogaodfb blfoob an garadji b nb butigatar

efobdfôo ga nis puaknis y gadbd7

puakni. As nb rabnf-zbdfôo butôoieb y pareboaota ga æsta.¹Ruæ rabCfzb uob obdfôo i uo puakni fogapaogfao-



< DIOTW OWFOI IDJ 37 E\A KAOHIKAT E

ta9 Nb raspuastb as ikvfb3 Tu gastfoi, su hrbogazb, sunfkra gasaovinvfefaoti, nb diovfvaodfb ga nbs parsi.obs y nb diocuodfôo ga sus vbniras. Gaotri ga asta ir.gao ga vbniras nb nfkartbg ga nbs parsiobs as nfkartbgga fgabs, ga bddfôo, ga ipfofôo, ga pisasfôo, ga pri..guddfôo, ga drabdfôo, atd. Bsahurbr b dbgb parsiobgaradjis as hbrbotfzbr su nfkartbg y lfcbrnb gakaras yiknfhbdfioas as hbrbotfzbr garadjis b nbs gaeâs.

Wbekfæo nbs fostftudfioas póknfdbs sa rabnfzbo. Tioparsiobs curfgfdbs nfkras y sio prigudti gan acardfdfi

ga nb sikarboåb ga dbgb puakni. Nb Dâebrb ga nis[aprasaotbotas gan ]uakni, fostftudfôo diostftuyaota

qua aebob gan sulrbhfi gan puakni, as uo fostrueao-ti y uob fostftudfôo pinåtfdb fojaraota b nb gaebdrb.

dfb i pripfi ga nb efseb, fhubn qua bquannb ni as ga nbnfkartbg gan puakni. Nb gaeidrbdfb, ao aladti, as uoblurrou ga hikfaroi y ga rabnfzbdfôo gan Astbgi. ]arigaeidrbdfb y nfkartbg sio gis disbs gflaraotas, ybuoqua nus gis oi sa puagao gbr pir sapbrbgi, sfodejbrhi, sa puaga gbr nb nfkartbg sfo nb gaeidrbdfb,

pari oi b nb fovarsb. Nb gaeidrbdfb as uob lireb pinl.t`b, gfhbeis qua uob euastrb ga hikfaroi, qua pua¸ga i oi sar irhâofdb. Nb nfkartbg as uo vbnir pareb-

nnt ota q u t ~ Tn eboflndJtb i asdbnb ga parsiob, ga trfku,gr ougôt2, ga foJtftQn QCo, atd. Nis eivfefaotis ga nbJjdrtbg ~ i u uropnfiO, ni@ ga garoi>.3rbdfb rastrfohn-

guO. Nu nfkdrtud.C as uo vbnir u r u v d o ~ b n y obturbn. Nb ga¸noit.Wlngo uuu lireu o r t f l f d ~ f u n ga irhuofzbdfôo ga nbEID.'fdguu. n..u n f k ~ r t u g aJ uo prfodfpfi foeutbkna y

t i o ~ t u o t ~ 3 Nu gaotidn'on¸no as uou lôrrr•unu pinlnfdb qua

go2Ctd v¡0arfujnrE.Ao ~ o u b r r u i o r f u , On' gu nu nfjdrtog sfo ni gaeidrb¸

~ . ¸ f u sf jfn•u t Jnu ui nnnQn3dgd u Fo fovdrsu puasti qua nbgt'nn,Q^Wugu r.s uuu Q n Q f n f l a s t i , ~ f ô o >C,, nu nfkartbg ga

n ¸ ~ n d ) o , gr ipnoj ub y ga t@'n'fôo.Ao t•n irgao ~ i g u n , d t t ~ oa,¸dsugi ugogtfr nu n'Zfstdo.

n'fu u • uo g a t ~ r o n f r u b g u ofvan supdrfin ga kfaot•s di-

obuoa O duog`niouot s ga Fo gnoâo2`¸u ga dbekfis,feprt.yobgis gt' • u ~ o t f g u ikndnnvi y oikna. Tio nb custf-dfb, nu r't'¡nu, an i t ¸ g t ~ o . nu pbzt r.uuru.nu nu n'iogut.¸to gd'n



HQFOA ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFDB V [A NFG G 8

puakni sa fgaotflfdb dio asa duâgrupni anaeaoti angaspnfahua prihrasfvi gan acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbgquagb hbrbotfzbgi b asdbnb ga nbs parsiobs ga nbobdfôo. Nb pbz as uo irgao suparfir qua diogfdfiobnb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis pisfkfnftb an prihrasi. b

pbz as nb såotasfs gan kfaoastbr gan puakni. b pbz aspaooboaota sf nb rahnb as lfcb sa fotarpratb dio uobfotaodfiobnfgbg oiknaeaota bgjasfvb.

Nb pbz as uob prâdtfdb eirbn bn bndboda gan puaknihufoaiadubtirfboi pir sar bnhi euy blåo b su taepa-

rbeaoti. An irgao suparfir ga nb pbz as tboti eâspisfkna i sahuri duboti nis vbniras qua ni pritahaosio paooboaotas0 as gadfr ikcati ga bgjasfôo ob-dfiobn astbkna. Nis vbniras pritadtiras ga nb gaei-drbdfb sio lnaxfknas yb qua bgeftao vbrfbotas sahóodiogfdfiobefaotis ga tfaepi dfrduostbodfbs avinu-dfôo ga eaotbnfgbg eagfis. ]ir asi oi as oadasbrfieagfr nb nfkartbg obdfiobn pir nb gaeidrbdfb. Bqufhrbvftb uo hrbo arrir ga eudjis3 fgaotflfdbr nfkartbgdio gaeidrbdfb sikra tigi dio gaeidrbdfb pbrtfgfs-tb, nb ga Cis cuahis fgainôhfdis gidtrfobs ga ænftas

gfrfhfstbs ni qua foanugfknaeaota nnavb b nb diosfga-rbdfôo ga qua nis sfstaebs bpbrtfgfstbs i uofpbrtfgfs-tbs oi sabo lirebs pinltfdbs bkfartbs bn acardfdfi ga

nb nfkartbg dubogi puagao jbstb sar lirebs eâsprbheâtfdbs ga acardarnb. Wigi gapaoga ga nbs dbrbd-taråstfdbs psfdinôhfdbs gan anaeaoti jueboi ga dbgbpuakni ga dbgb astbgfi gan gasbrrinni pinltfdi. ]fæo-sasa, pir acaepni ao an eigani oirtabearfdboi aoan qua an kfpbrtfgfsei sa kbstb sa sikrb pbrb bsa hu-rbr nb gaeidrbdfb ga bquannb suparpitaodfb gaeihrâ-

lfdb. ¹Ao duâotbs nfhbs pinltfdbs astbrfb irhbofzbgi anpuakni astbgiuofgaosa sf su gaosfgbg luasa ga uo 8=pir 2== eâs kbcb qua nb bdtubn i sf su tarrftirfi tu-vfasa nb axtaosfôo ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn. 9

Ao tigb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis nb jatarihaoafgbgga nis vbniras sa gfstrfkuya ao gis ôrgaoas supar-puastis ga fepirtbodfb3 sa gb uo irgao ga vbniras gadiotfohaodfb. Qo hæoari ga fotarasas juebois as oa-dasbrfi bn nbgi i pir aodfeb ga itri qua as diotfo¸



: DIOTW OWFOI IDJ B E\A KAOHIKAT E

haota0 ao an prfeari sa gastbdb nb Cfkartbg nb pbz, nbagudbdfôo, an trbkbci nb dfugbgboåb diei anaeaotis

f ~ o u o d f k n a s a fosustftufknas3 pbrb anahfr gaeidrâtfdbeaota oi sa puagao ilradar diei ipdfioas i bn-

tarobtfvbs nbs gfditiefbs ga nb nfkartbg-asdnbvftugagudbdfôo-bobClbkatfsei, pbz-huarrb Cay-brkf trbrfa3gbg, trbkbci-idfi, eirbn-dirrupdfôo atd. sôni pir

prieivar nb nfkra ipfofôo i gaeistrbr nb diogfdfôoga puakni nfkra.

Aotra nis fotarasas diotfohaotas lfhurb nb gaeidrb

dfb, an pbrnbeaotbrfsei nb astrudturb pbrnbeaotbrfban uofdbearbnåsei, an kfdbearbnfsei pir acaepni),

an pbrtfgfsei y gaeâs.Nb gaeidrbdfb aotrb ao an irgao saduogbrfi ga nis

vbniras pirqua oi as oadasbrfb pbrb an lanfz luodfiobefaoti ga nb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis puas puaga gbrsai oi gbrsa, puaga y sa gastfob b irgaobr aqufnfkrbr yparladdfiobr nb fotarranbdfôo pinltfdisidåbn pari tbekfæo nb puaga quakrbr y ebnihrbr. b gaeidrbdfb saebnihrb dubogi an gfrfhfsei pinltfdi bofqufnb nis vbniras oadasbrfis ga b dieuofgbg dfvfn. Asta gfrfhfsei as nfkra, pari an acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbg oi puagagastrufr Cis vbniras qua diostftuyao su rbzôo ga sar.

o Hufoab Adubtirfbn bdbkbeis ga var obdar uobaxparfaodfb ga gaeidrbdfb qua pbrada fosônftb ao nb~ u r a h å ô o daotriblr2dbob3 nis diosacis ga piknbgi sadiostftuyao ga sfata efaekris qua sio asdihfgis btrbvæs gan sulrbhfi uofvarsbn gfradti pir nb dieuofgbg ga vadfois gan piknbgi. Gaspuæs ga sar vitbgi andinahfi anadti asdiha su prasfgaota pir an efsei sfstaeb. o an bspadti pinltfdi, b luodfôo bgefofstrbtfvb ga astis diosa/¸is b ofvan nidbn i euofdfpbn as nbefseb qua sikran avb an Hikfaroi daotrbn b ofvan obdfiobn, y an sfstaeb ga prieidfôo ga dbogfgbtis y gaanaddfioas as an ga nbs pbrnbeaotbrfbs y haoarbnas0 ga

astb lireb nb gaeidrbdfb an ræhfeao pinåtfdi ga nbnfkra ipfofôo, sa gasbrrinnb pbrbnanbeaota ao nbs dieuofgbgas rurbnas, bngabobs y urkbobs.

Ao an irgao adioôefdi, an ]rasfgaota Ikfboh jb gb.gi aspadfbn fepunsi b astbs fostftudfioas pinåtfdbs



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN ]INAE DB V [ABNFGBG 6

pbrb avftbr b eagfi y b nbrhi pnbzi an axdasi ga dao-trbnfsei ga dbrb b nb axpbosfôo hukarobeaotbn ga nisprihrbebs ga gasbrrinni. Ta prataoga gbr ebyir ae-puca b nb priguddfôo bhripadubrfb qua dbgb hi-kfaroi ga piknbgi vbyb bgqufrfaogi pbsi b pbsi par-

siobnfgbg bgefofstrbtfvb bgefofstrbtfvfstb pbrbbsuefr raspiosbkfnfgbgas prasupuastbrfbs saduo-

gbr i ralirzbr nb bddfôo gan hikfaroi daotrbn ga -obodfbr priyadtis ga folrbastrudturbs nidbnas.

Ta trbtb ao galfoftfvb ga uob lôreunb pinftfdb qua

vfaoa b gaeistrbr dio dnbrfvfgaodfb qua an prfodfpfiga nb gaeidrbdfb ao tboti qua vbnir diotfohaota db-rada ga uo eigani ga bdaptbdfôo uofvarsbn pir suca-tbrsa b bpnfdbdfioas prbheâtfdbs vbrfbknas.

Dubogi nb nfkartbg sa blfoob diei uo fgabn bks-trbdti sa diovfarta ao bnhi sôni gasabkna y ouodb bn-dbozbkna3 Nb nfkartbg diepirtb oirebneaota bd-dfioas sftubdfioas ga diepriefsi jueboi.

b laoieaoinihåb ga nb nfkartbg as susdaptfkna gadiotrbgfddfioas pir obturbnazb. Nb diotrbgfddfôo as

bnhi rripfi gan sar jueboi qua as sucati nfkra. ]irasi a tærefoi nfkartbg oi puaga pragfdbrsa dio pri-pfagbg b nbs vbdbs b uo aocbekra ga bkacbs b uovfaoti bnfsfi atd. pirqua ao asbs aslarbs ga nb obtu-rbnazb an diepirtbefaoti dinadtfvi i bsidfbtfvi as yb

fostfotfvi yb eadâofdi3 sa sukirgfob b nayas lfcbs ganb obturbnazb. Nis jiekras pir sar nfkras puagao vf-vfr dfao bòis ga pbz dio brrahni b uo irgao dfvfn buob rahnb curfgfdb gbgis pari tbekfæo puagao ebni-hrbr nb lanfdfgbg ga uob daoturfb gfvfgfaogi sus tar-dfis sus dubgrbhaoåis i sus qufoquaofis aotra i o ~lnfdtis sidfbnas huarrbs dfvfnas y drfsfs pinåtfdbs3 tigigapaoga ga nis aståeunis psfdinôhfdis qua bdbpbraosu bgjasfôo sinfgbrfgbg jbdfb nb rag ga diostanb-dfioas iptbtfvbs ga diogudtbs qua sa ilrazdbo b nb gf-oâefdb ga dbekfis as gadfr bn lf r ga nb nfkartbg.

Qoi ga nis ikcatis ga nb nfkartbg as nb rabnfzbdfôoga nis lfoas. ]brb nb nfkartbg ga sikarbofb astis lfoassio dinadtfvis y nis eagfis ga su rabnfzbdfôo sa pri-hrbebo tboti gasga an Astbgi diei gasga nbs luarzbs



kirfzbotb^as = 3 ^ b ~ ~ Aot3ra b e k b s p b r t a s As-~ ~ do.-fn.. sa ~ a r h u a a n pr i t b hio f s e ipi&.,odi. e b s kfao ku.noboi. q u a a o lioob ga bdd fôoD I G T t f ~ ~ a n a ca rd fd fi g a n n f k ao bg g a s i k a r b o ~obdfiibn.. N b pij t f db oi a s as tb tb n s foi pbrbastb tbC iAn pin f t fdi ga ralaraodfb a s gadfr . nbbddfôo rasuntb p i k ~ dubogi o i sa o u t ~ g a anaeaotis gan ~ o f a o t ~ ao taogfaogi p i r æ s t a prfodf¡ n e r o ~ ^b Jfstirfb. DQ t ' haoas fs il rada s f aepra uoeuastrbr fi ga a ~ ao luodfôo gan dubn an

- pinf t ndi sa euastrb saosfkna ,. rabdfi bni qua rasX.tb i pbrada fodionpb t fk na d io an acardfdfisikarboi ga nb nfkartbg3 as nb axparfaodfb jfstôr fdb niqua eacir parefta bn nahfsnbgir i bn pnboflfdbgirsanai3fiobr ipdfioas ' ânfgbs- Dubogi oi as bså bpbrad3ao diotrbgfdtirfis ao an acadfdfi ga nb sikarbofb... An eacir a ~ t a qua raprasaotb asta laoôeaoi ga ^bs D^Z^trbgfddfiias as nb , 0inaidfb v an sukgasb-rriQi qua ebnihrbo ^b ra'-"'nudfôo botfiiniofbnfstb ao

nb n fkaobg ga sikarboåb astâ ao aearsfôo v gioga an obdfiobnfsei pradursir ga nbs foga

paogaodfbs jb sfgi b -adas pirtbgir ga nb vfinaodfb ygan gasirgao df,fn.

Gaspuæs ga nb Tahuogb Huarrb Euogfbn, an dini.ofbnfsei fotarobdfiobN sustftuti ga nb asdnbvftug gasga nb sahuogb eftbg gan sfhni ZFZ, sa va bdisbgi piruob pucbota diodfaodfb ga nfkartbg. ga asdbnb fotardiotfoaotbn. b eagfgb qua sa gasbrrinnb tbekfæo uosfodratfsei pinåtfdi y obdfiobnfstb ga fzqufargbs y gagaradjbs qua gfluoga an fgabn ga nb nfkartbg y ga nbfogapaogaodfb aotra nis puaknis qua sulrao nb bddfôodiniofbn. Asta obdfiobnfsei sa gasbrrinnb diei uobdirrfaota frravarsfkna ga rafvfogfdbdfioas aebodfpbnfstbs, y dunefob dio uo pridasi ga butigatarefobdfôo ga garadji y ga jadji, gan Ebhrak bn Âlrfdb

~ r f a o t b n y Bustrbn, gan Btnâotfdi bn nogfdi y Ebr [i-

CI0 ao eudjis ~ b s b s astbs fogapaogaodfbs obdao pirnb lôreunb ga nb gaeidrbdfb, dio bpiyi ga nb IOQ

¹Ruæ j idurrfgi y quæ idurra ao nis ouavis Astb-



gis fogapaogfaotas. nuahi ga fzbrsa pir prfearb .az

sus kbogarbs . aotiobrsa sus jfeois obdfiobnas9¹An vfrbha ga Blrfdb jbdfb su nfkartbg ga sikarboåbraspioga ao ^¸argbg b sus axfhaodfbs9 Oi. ¹]ir quæ9

C diniofbnfsei adioôefdi oi gasbpbrada dio nbfogapaogaodfbY eâs kfao diotfoób kniquab gasgaitrbs pisfdfioas nbs sbnfgbs gan pbås fogapaogfaotajbdfb an gasbrrinni. As nb bdusbdfôo qua diotrb an db-pftbnfsei jbo lioounbgi uoâofeaeaota pinåtfdis, as-

drftiras paosbgiras ga nb ravinudfôo blrfdbob. Jby

eudjis V hrbogas e i t f ~ i s p r qua tbn bdusbdfôopuagb diosfgarbrsa foikcatbkna.]ir itrb pbrta, an diodursi ipirtuoi ga uo bnfbgi

ga dfrduostbodfbs, an ebrxfsei, qua frruepa puo-tubneaota ao an fogapaogaotfsei blrfdboiY dio atf-quatb ga ravinudfôo sbn^'bgirb. sôni jb supuasti pbrbnis blrfdbois uob fovaddfôo eirbC ga nudjb uo as-tfeuni psfdinôhfdi ga rabddfôo botfdiniofbnfstb gadiogaobs sfepnaeaota, sfo bpirtas gasbrrinnfstbs.

An diniofbnfsei ao Âlrfdb y ao an euogi oi jb sfgisinbeaota sukyuhbdfôo pinåtfdb axpnitbdfôo adioô-efdb, an diniofbnfsei jb sfgi, bgaeâs, pirtbgir gavbniras ga nb dfvfnfzbdfôo dunturb. Eudjis ga as-

tis vbniras sio diodfnfbknas, diepbtfknas blfoas bnaspårftu blrfdboi bkirfhao. Ao asta saotfgi nb prasao-dfb gan ebtarfbnfsei gfbnædtfdi ao nb gfoâefdb gadbekfis blrfdbob sa diosfgarb jiy diei an tfei pinæ-efdi ga nb nfkartbg ga sikarboåb, uob ga nbs rbzi-oas prfodfpbnas ga anni as qua an fgabnfsei btai gaqua as pirtbgir sa suparpioa rbgfdbneaota b nb pf '-yaddfôo trbsdaogaota ga nis puaknis blrfdbois. Aodbekfi, lraota bn diniofbnfsei dbpftbnfstb auriddf-gaotbn astb priyaddfôo trbsdaogaota oi jb aodiotrb-gi ofohóo hæoari ga ipisfdfôo.

]ir ni gaeâs, an diolnfdti fgainôhfdi qua prasfga anfogapaogaotfsei blrfdboi jb sfgi jbstb bjirb qufzâan prfodfpbn lbdtir ga nb foastbkfnfgbg, sfaogi, bga-

eâs, an eôvfn qua axpnfdb an qua fepunsiras ga niseivfefaotis pinåtfdis, vbohubrgfstbs ga nb ravinu-dfôo blrfdbob, diei O`rueb Taohjir, pir dftbr



1 DIOTWBOWFOI IDJB Cn E^- A KAOHIKAT E

acaepnis eâs raprasaotbtfvis, jbybo bgiptbgi pis.runbgis ga bddfôo dio gfvarhaodfbs dbsf rbgfdbnas b nb

jirb ga aepraogar an acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbg ga sikarboåb. Nb diodfaodfb ga nfkartbg prieivfgb ao nb diolaraodfb ao Kboguoh ao 2611, y ao gfstfotis diohrasis pboblrfdbofstbs diotaepirâoais. aepbraotbkbfgainôhfdbeaota b sus någaras. jarebobkb b nis puaknis diniofzbgis ga Âlrfdb pbrb kusdbrna b su obdfiobnfsei dioaxfioas dunturbnas dio nis vbnirasbutôdtiois.

Gasga an puoti ga vfstb pboblrfdbofstb y tbekfæo

gasga an puoti ga ^fstb gan paosbefaoti uoftbrfi ga

7ggfs Bkakb 26<4). an pridasi ga butigatarefobdfôoblrfdbob prâdtfiooaota sa jb vfsti dardbgi pir gis

luarzbs botfgasbrrinnfstbs3 an pigar oaidiniofbnaxpnitbgir y an gan ebrxfsei gastrudtir.

An fepbdti prigudfgi pir an ebrxfsei pbrada eâs

jbkar bdtubgi sikra nb tairåb gidtrfobn y an eardbgiboobeaotåstfdi qua gasaepaòbgi an pbpan nfkarbgirgan irgao abeôefdi kaoalfdfbrfi gan diotfoaotafrragaoti. ao uo eieaoti ao qua sa fgaotflfdb ao aneuogi bn ra ^'Ifudfiibrfi dio an Ypinåtfdi qua fepuhobdubnqufar hæoari ga irgao astbknadfgi pir nb adioi-

eåb ga nudri.Gasga an puoti ga ^'fstb gan acardfdfi obdfiobn ga nb

¸sikarboåb, nb nfkao g oi puaga gasbrrinnbrsa gasbr-e g ga pistunbgis ga r a s t r f f ~ qua sio sus eadbofseis fotrfosadis ga galaosb. Gaotri gaCb gfoâef-db ga dbekfis bddfôo y nfkartbg sa bdiepbòbo sfae-

pra ) bekbs sa kod Ô foanugfknaeaota b panfhris galaoadfefaoti dubogi quagbo juærnbobs ga astis pis-

j•Cbgis tutanbras ga rastrfddfôo. \fstb- bså nb gfoâef-db ga dbekfis. sa fepioa nb gfstfodfôo ga gis hæoa-

F QFT ga bddfôo v ga nfkartbg. Cis dubnas sa suparpioaog.fb.Cædtfdbeaofa y sa axdnuyao radåpridbeaota3

nfkartbg sfepâtfdb nfkartbg pr heâtfd

bddfôo sfepâtfdb-bddfôo prbheâtfdb

Nb nfkartbg y nb bddfôo sfepâtfdbs sa lireunbo suk-fatfvbfoaita ao nb eaota ga nis pinåtfdis dio luogb-



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN ]INAEFDB [A NFG G 1

eaotis eâs i eaois aepårfdis pari dio lraduaodfbgaskirgbo nis diotrinas juebois asti as nb aslarbga ni ætfdbeaota parefsfkna y ótfn pbrb sf tubrsa aouo pnboi qua jfara nb pripfb n fkartbg ao sus gfeao-sfioas pripfbeaota sidfbnas y juebobs. Asta haoariga n fkartbgas sôni puaga s r lirebn pari b vadas anlbobtfsei pinåtfdi prataoga su acardfdfi gaspuæs ga ir-obrni dio uo naohubca bgbptbgi dubnftbtfvbeaota b nbsdirrfaotas fotanadtubnfstbs y varkirrafdbs ga eigb. War-

efob i t faoga b t rboslirebrsa ao uo dragi ga ebsbs.Qo bsfgui nadtir ga Lbuarkbdj i uo bgefrbgir ga

Aohans y ga Ebrx sf sio pinåtfdis puagao rasinvarsa

b astbknadar nis eiganis ga sidfagbg gidtrfobneaotapripuhobgis pir bquannis pirqua ~ s t â diovaodfgisy n fkras ga jbdarni. Tfo aekbrhi ao nb prbxfs oi j -nnbråbo acaepnis ga gfrfhaotas i ga luogbgiras ga As-

tbgis y sidfagbgas lanfdas b qufaoas feftbr puastiqua of Lbuarkbdj of Aohans of Ebrx luario cbeâs

jiekras ga Astbgi.]ir astbs bpradfbdfioas sa gaspraoga qua tigi pri-

tbhiofsei ga bddfôo oadasftb hastbrsa nfkraeaota sa-hóo brquatfpis i eiganis ga diogudtbs dioidfgbssusdaptfknas ga feftbdfôo ga rapatfdfôo ga bdtubnfzb-dfôo. Astis brquatfpis sio pir acaepni. an hbunnfsei

an obssarfsei an naiokfsei an kfsebrd`fbofsei. As-

tis brquatfpis puagao sar feftbgis bkinfgis radjbzb-gis rapatfgis atd. puas sio uo euastrbrfi jfstôrfdi.

Nb vargbgarb nfjartbg y nb vargbgarb bddfôo sioprbheâtfdbs. pir duboti qua sa hastbo dio nb axpa-

rfaodfb y b pbrtfr ga nb efseb.

Ao an âekfti ga nb axparfaodfb bddfôo y nfkartbg

pbrb nnahbr b sar prbheâtfdis jbo ga butiganfeftbr-

sa b lfo ga qua sa rastrfocbo tbekfæo nis aståeunispsfdinôhfdis y sidfijuebois qua nas fovbgao y di-rriepao ao gatrfeaoti ga nis lfoas asaodfbneaotadieuoas ga nb dieuofgbg dfvfn y gan Astbgi. Nb axpa-rfaodfb irgaob nb bddfôo y nb nfkartbg pari nis pistu-nbgis qua nbs ganfeftbo y galfaogao sio feprasdfogf-

knas pbrb uo prbhebtfsei pisftfvi3 nb diodfaodfbdfvfn y an juebofsei.



DIOTWB.. fWFOI IDJB B E\A KA n^fHIKATBEB

Nb diodfaodfb dfvfn as uo pragfdbeaoti asaodfbn ganb nfkartbg y ga nb bddfôo. ]ari nb diodfaodfb ga quabquå sa trbtb a.s sikra tigi uob bdtftug dfvfn i sidfbnsahóo nb dubn gfrfhfsei pritbhiofsei y bddfôo saprieuavao bgjasfvbeaota ao vfrtug ga uob rahnb i

oirebtfvb lirebn qua irgaob sus lfoas. Ao HufoabAdubtirfbn sfo nb diodfaodfb dfvfn jbkråb uob kbobndiotrbgfddfôo aotra nb vinuotbg ga n ^ Obdfôo gan As-

tbgi y gan puakni axprasbgb pir nb Nay Luogbeao-tb^ y a^ acardfdfi ga gfdjb vinuotbg qua sio an gfrf

hfsei an pritbhiofsei y nb bddfôo. Ga astb diotrbgfddfôo pigråb an pbås pbsbr b uob sidfagbg eiostfQisbdiei nb ga nb drfsfs iodaobn. Nb diodfaodfb dfvfn as uosipirta pbrb an gasbrrinni pinåtfdi.

.

. . .

Ao an acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbg ga sikarboåb an jueb

ofsei diost f tuya ao aspadfb n u o vbnir vftbn . O i sa

trbtb ga ofohuob dirr faota dun turb n b u o q u a jb gavartfrsa tbekfæo jbdfb nb diol fhurbd fôo ga nb fgaotf

gbg dunturbn efseb ga nb obdfôo hufoaiadubtir f bob

diei uo ikcatfvi prfebrfi y pr fir f tb r fi ga su gfoâ

efdb ga dbekfis.

An juebofsei hufoaboi sa ebofl fas tb gasga su as tbgfi aspiotâoai ga nb n fkartbg y as tâ prasaota aonis gaeâs astbgfis ga su gaspnfahua jfs tôr fdi .

Juebofsei as vbnirbdfôo ga nb parsiob juebobbutirb ga nb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis y kaoal fd fbr fb ga nbnfkartbg ga sikarboåb. Gfdjb vbnirbdfôo sa ax t faoga btigbs nbs gfeaosfioas ga nb parsiob. Ta vbnirb an fogfvfgui ao nb aslarb ga nb parsiob y sus vart faotasætfdbs sidfbnas y lbefnfbras. Ga jadji nb vbnirbdfôoparsiobnfstb sa diotfaoa fepnådf tbeaota aot ra nisprfodfpfis ga nb fostftudfiobnfgbg gadnbrbgis ao nbDbrtb ga B`iofka pir tboti sa t rbtb ga uo vbnirdiostftutfvi gan Garadji hufoaboi.

An tærefoi juebofsei as euy sadunbr yb sa sbkaanni fepnfdb su aqufvidfgbg diodaptubn sikra tigi

ao su ralaraodfb b nb pinåtfdb.Oi tigi juebofsei as vânfgi diei bn taebtfvb gadbekfis pirqua oi tigis nis juebofseis sadunbrassa bgadóbo b nb diostftudfôo fo taeb ga Hufoab Adub-



HQFOA ADQB WI[C N ]INAEFDB V [A NFG G

tirfbn b su diodapdfôo ga nb nfkartbg b su pridasidiostftuyaota i b su diodapdfôo ga nb vfgb. An puaknioadasftb an juebofsei qua na as pripfi3 an qua asdiotaoagir y galaosir ga nis vbniras ga nb hufoafgbg.Asta juebofsei as pbsbgi bdtubn y pareboaota. b

nfkartbg gan fogfvfgui sa axtfaoga jbstb an raspati bnb fotfefgbg y nb sfohunbrfgbg ga dbgb parsiob. Anjiekra oi as bnhi bkstrbdti sfoi uob aslarb diodratby gfstfotb gan sar. As vinuotbg paosbefaoti y aladti.An juebofsei as dieóo y haoærfdi pari as bgaeâs

parsiobnfstb ao nb efseb eagfgb qua nb nfkartbg. As-ta juebofsei as pir asaodfb lfnbotrôpfdi y ao ænvfaoa fepnldftb nb oidfôo ga jarebogbg ga nb qua nb

nfkartbg aspiotâoab y nb ætfdb prfebrfb ga irfhao

kbotó sio gapisftbrfbs.b Dbrtb ga B`iofka b trbvæs ga sus diotaofgis y

prfodfpfis irhâofdis y giheâtfdis blfoob an jueb-ofsei lfnbotrôpfdi y sa ois prasaotb diei nb luaotaga frrbgfbdfôo gan pigar diostftudfiobn ga nb [apó-knfdb3 prasaotb bn Astbgi diei uo pigar ga irgaoqua blfoob nis vbniras ga nb parsiob sahóo sa galfoaojiy ao an euogi nfkra. Tikra asta pnboi botripidæo-trfdi hrbvftbo nbs astrudturbs curågfdbs y pinåtfdbs ganb Nay Luogbeaotbn vânfgbs pbrb irgaobr nb bddfôo.

Boânihbs diirgaobgbs ga paosbefaoti ga vfsfôogan euogi sa gfkucbo ao nb lfnisilåb ga nb oahrftugqua raprasaotb uo eigani ga juebofsei nfhbgi b nbgfoâefdb ga dbekfis gan diotfoaota blrfdboi a fodnusi gan euogi.

Oi as nb bddfôo ni qua j ga diolirebr nb rabnfgbgjuebob an jiekra yb obda jadji jiekra bpti pbrbnb sidfagbg y pbrb su b u tirrabnfzbdfôo dio su diotfo-haota ga vbniras qua sio nb pnbtblireb jirfziotbn yvartfdbn ga nb nfkartbg. As an juebofsei an cuahi ganis vbniras i sfhois aepårfdis y ætfdis ga nb parsiobni qua diolireb nb bddfôo y sus anaeaotis diodief-tbotas b nb vfgb dfvfn. Nb parsiob i an diocuoti ga æstbs qua as nb Obdfôo sa blfreb y sa gb dio botarfirf-gbg qua sus priyadtis. Ao ni qua raspadtb b HufoabAdubtirfbn an juebofsei botripidæotrfdi tfaoa rb-



< DIOTWBOWFOI IDJ 3 E \A KAOHIKATBEB

zôo ga sar pir nb pripaosfôo ætofdb gaf¡bls b ravbnfgbr nis vbniras butæotfdis ga su nfkartb aspiotâoab,diei sio nb sinfgbrfgbg sidfbn y eirbn, nb jaoobogbg y nb lbefnfb.

B cuzhbr pir nb pnurbnfgbg ga gidtrfobs fgainôhfdbsqua fovbgao an Wardar Euogi gasga an lfobn ga nb Ta-

huogb Huarrb Euogfbn, dio aspadfbn fepbdti ao nbpriknaeâtfdb ga nb Jkarbdfôo blrfdbob, pigrlb draarsa qua an diotfoaota oahri dbrada ao bksinuti ga uo

paosbr lfnisôlfdi y pinftfdi butôdtiois. Ga jadji

eudjis puaknis y tarrftirfis diniofzbgis ga Âlrfdb,bn bddagar b nb fogapaogaodfb, jbo duastfiobgi uo gf-

naeb lbnsi3 i an oaidiniofbnfsei i an ebrxfsei, invfgbogi qua Blrfdb pisaa radursis ætfdis y lfnisôlfdispripfis y dbpbdas ga ranavbr i raaepnbzbr nb eaotbnfgbg diniofbn pir uo paosbefaoti pinltfdi y lfnisôlfdinfkarbgir, diodfnfbgir a fotahrbgir.

An fgabnfsei bnaeâo, b asdbnb uofvarsbn, jb radfkfgi o2udjbs bgjasfioas v vartfaotas ga dunti. Ansidfbnfsei ga vargbg pbrtfô ga uo eivfefaoti fotanadtubn ga fepuhobdfôo diotrb nb astrudturb ga nb

s i d f ~ g fogustrfbn ga Bnaebofb. trbvæs ga asa

fgabnfsei nb pripfb Bnaebofb, su duob y oigrfzb,

qufsi ravfsbr sus asquaebs ga irhbofzbdfôo sidfbn yadioôefdo ga trbgfdfôo. Astb lfnisilfb sa gasbrrinnbjbstb drabr an sfogfdbnfsei ao Auripb. an nbkirfseikrftâofdi. nb sidfbngaeidrbdfb bnaebob, atd.

]ir dfarti Auripb oadasftbkb astis dbekfis. Niq u ~ Auripb oi oadasftbrfb gan fgabnfsei bnaeâo as anquakrboti sus prfodfpfis y vbniras dunturbnas. yeirbnas C?( reboaotas y galfofgiras ga su sar jtstIrfdi.

Ao aladti nis pbfsas auripais saCaddfiobrfbo ganf>`bnfso2i bnaeâo ni qua nnavbkb æsta ga sanaddfiobknd.b i ga ~ u r i p a f z b k n a pir i dieprieatarsaao d 2 aekrinni ga uo juebofsei ga rbtaas ebrdbgb-

eaota n a s ~Asta drftarfi ga sanaddfôo rasuntb uob axfhaodfb

tigb^fb e b ~ 9 I r pbrb nis puaknis blrfdbois, duyb nfkartbg ga sikarbofb y DQ ^nn gfoâefdb ga dbekfis radfb-




ebo uob fepirtbota gisfs ga butaotfdfgbg. An prila-sir Taohjir j gbgi ao nb dnbva ao sus bpradfbdfioasy anudukrbdfioas sikra an ebrxfsei y an sidfbnfsei.Dfti bn arugfti juebofstb saoahbnæs oi sôni pir sarbquæn uob ga nbs pnuebs eâs ebgurbs y bdragftbgbsga diotfoaota sfoi tbekfæo pir sar an trbtbgfstbdubnflfdbgi qua kbci ef ôptfdb jb prastbgi ebyir yeacir btaodfôo bn taeb ga nb radapdfôo blrfdbob gansidfbnfsei.

Taohjir diodaga prfirfgbg b dfartis anaeaotis qua

jbo gbgi vfgb padunfbr b nb dunturb blrfdbob qua siovbniras ga nb efseb aotra itrbs lfhurb an dieuoftbrfs-ei qua as aqufvbnaota bn sidfbnfsei. Rufara gadfrsaqua an sidfbnfsei puaga diosfgarbrsa ao Âlrfdb dieiaxprasfôo bdtubn ga uoi ga nis vbniras sidfbnas eâsbotfhuis gan diotfoaota. Bgaeâs gan dieuoftbrfseipir duyb fepnbotbdfôo vfaoa trbkbcbogi dio asearibgefrbkna Cunfi Oyarara astbgfstb tbozbofi sio fe-pirtbotas tbekfæo an daotrbnfsei gaeidrâtfdi puastibn sarvfdfi gan dieuoftbrfsei as gadfr gan sidfbnfs-ei. b gaeidrbdfb puas oi as fodiepbtfkna dio ansidfbnfsei pirqua nb bsidfbdfôo prbheâtfdb ga bekisanaeaotis sa rahfstrb ao nb fotarbddfôo piJtfdb blrfdb-

ob ga irfhao.Taohjir tfaoa rbzôo. Nis anaeaotis ga cufdfi quautfnfzb avfgaotaeaota aepårfdis y bnusfvis prikbkna-eaota b trfkus pir æn dioidfgbs sio tbekfæo axtao-sfknas b nis kbotóas gan hinli ga Kfblrb qua hizbotigbvåb ga trbgfdfioas vfvbs.

Nb piogarbdfôo ga anaeaotis obturbnas diei nb si-nfgbrfgbg sidfbn qua tbekfæo bdbpbrb nb btaodfôo ganpaosbgir saoahbnæs diostftuya itrb aslarb ga axpa-rfaodfb ga nb trbgfdfôo blrfdbob diotaoagirb ga vbnirsidfbnfzbota y sidfbnfzbkna. Nis huarraris ga eu-djis puaknis blrfdbois sa bpuotbkbo vinuotbrfispbrb an diekbta ao galaosb ga nb trfku sfo nayasefnftbras aobrgadfgis pir an tiqua ga quagb nbdiovidbtirfb rftubn a foquakrbotbkna ga radnutbefao-ti efnftbr dioidfgb diei O`uu b`ioh aotra nis lboh.Tôni nb sinfgbrfgbg obturbn i trfkbn kbstbkb pbrb an



rastbknadfefaoti ga nb gfsdfpnfob aotra nb dnbsa hua.rrarbNb obturbnazb ga astb sinfgbrfgbg dbrada ga navas ni

dubn diepirtb uo trbsliogi ga .iCuotbrfagbg y fkartbg dinadto-bs ga dbrâdtar suparfir ebtfzbgbeaota

suparfir b tigb vinuotbg dbekfbkna gan fogfvfgui3 C3 s

ta as an lnegbeaoti ga n sinfgbrfgbg obturbn. Qo CGa

dbofsei obrurbn ga galaosb qua brrbstrb vinuotbgas bnkfao dieóo sfo an diodursi ga eagfis dibdtfvis.

Ga nbs fga s ga Taohjir sa gaspraoga qua Âlrfd

puaga y gaka lirc rsa su paosbefaoti p r i p i ~ ao TÅCn..tiiåb dio Cb butaotfdfgbg y ao breioåb dio nbs trboslaraodfbs ga 2b dofCfzbdfôo radfkfg Bså jb ga priei .arsa an vargbgari sidfbnfsei n qua tfaoga nb Juebofgbg qua oi tfaoa pirquæ sar aladti ga uob ravinudfôo sfoi ga uob avinudfôo.

n gfoâefdb ga dbekfis oadasftb bsidfbrsa b nis as-

tåeunis gan juebofsei pbrb aepraogar uob bddfôovfouisb butôdtiob y nfkra pirqua sf an juebofsei Vnb bddfôo sa gacbsao fovbgfr y dieprieatar pir diodapdfioas axfstaodfbnas fepripfbs laoadaråbo kbci aCpasi ga bquænnbs y sukyuhbrfbo nb butioiefb y nb nf-

kartbgg.a

sikarboåb.An ebtarfbnfsei gfbnædtfdi jb dbnbgi jiogi ao nb gf-oâefdb blrfdbob ga dbekfis oi diei prbxfs sfoi di-ei uob priyaddfôo ga nb nfkartbg sfepâtfdb nb dubndiei paosbefaoti ravinudfiobrfi jbkåb ga btrbar nb

btaodfôo gan obdfiobnfsei blrfdboi qua gaspuæs ga nbTahuogb Huarrb Euogfbn frruepfrâ diei bddfôo di-ei pbsfôo y diei rabddfôo dio an bpiyi frravarsfknaga nbs Obdfioas Qofgbs. Ao asta saotfgi pfaosi qua bcuzhbr pir an aspårftu ga nb ouavb Âlrfdb bebota ga nbnfkartbg y ga nb fogapaogaodfb sf ao vaz ga nb iprasfôodbpftbnfstb y diniofbnfstb nb sukyuhbdfôo blrfdbob jukfasa sfgi acardfgb pir an titbnftbrfsei an lbsdfsei v

gfdtbgurbs pir an astfni an obdfiobnfsei diotfoaotbnnb ravinudfôo butigataoofofstb jbkråb taofgi nb oadasfgbg ga astbknadar bnfbozb dio an butirftbrfsei ganudri3 an gasbrrinni efsei ga nb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis

luogbeaotb astb óntfeb bpradfbdfôo puas gasga nis



bòis sasaotb b astb pbrta sa jbo prigudfgi y sudagfgigfn-arsbs diovunsfioas y dbekfis diotrbrra 'nudfiob-rfis ao eudjis pbåsas. gioga lrbdbsô saosfknaeaota anacardfdfi a..' tparfeaotbn ga nb nfkartbg sfepâtfdb.

bs distuekras nnavbgbs b Âlrfdb pir an diniofbnfseisio eóntfpnas, pari an diotfoaota sôni bsfefnô bquannisvbniras qua fotahrbo anaeaotis dieuoas y lfoas b nisbutôdtiois0 qufara gadfrsa qua a ~ f s t a uo sukstrbtiqua as uoi ga nis luogbeaotis ga nb oahrftug, an dubnoi jb sfgi diosfgarbgi ao sarfi pir nb gfoâefdb blrf

dbob ga dbekfis.Tf sa ea parefta fosfstfr, puotubnfzbr y piogarbr uopidi eâs, dio bnusfôo b nb ralnaxfôo saohjirfbobp j yuo pnboi ga nb oahrftug dio priyaddfôo prilætfdb3 npriyaddfôo ga nb Juebofgbg aotarb as uob priyaddfôosidfbnfstb, sidfbnfsei qua j ga sar pistarfir bn gfânihi aotra nbs gfvarsbs dunturbs ga nis puaknis.Rufzâ dbkråb prahuotbrsa ao quæ eagfgb vb b sar

rabnfzbkna nb såotasfs dunturbn ¡nboatbrfb. ]arsiobn-eaota oi gasdbrti nb pisfkfnfgb ga qua sa duepnb nbpriladåb. An fgabn sidfbnfstb ga jadji as uofvarsbn y nias, sikra tigi, gasga uo puoti ga pbrtfgb eóntfpna3 angan drfstfbofsei, an gan ebrxfsei, an gan fsnbefsei v

a ga nbs dunturbs oi galfofgbs dio oiekras uofvarsb-nas pripfis. C 3 s ~ t a o ~ a o d f b bn sidfbnfsei nnahbrâ bdiovartfrsa ao ax2haod2b i ao pistunbgi uofvarsbn, pirtboti, sôni pigrâ bkirgbr sus priknaebs b trbvæsgan gfânihi. Avfgaotaeaota sa pnbotabo gugbs b dardbga nb suparvfvaodfb dunturbn ga nb oahrftug y tbekfæob dardb ga sus ipdfioas b uo gfânihi dbpbz ga paooftfrsu bddasi b nb sfekfisfs uofvarsbn dunturbnfzbota y ~dfbnfzbota. ]ir itrb pbrta, nb frrupdfôo ao Blrfdb gauob nfkartbg sfepâtfdb axpuastb ao dbtadfseis y nfhbgb b nis lusfnas, eâs qua uo gfânihi, pnbotaô sfaepradiotrivarsfbs y nudjbs.

Bjirb kfao, buoqua Ebx Xakkar jb fosfstfgi ao lf-

cbr i saòbnbr nb botfoiefb aotra bddfôo y dioidfefao-ti, blfrebogi su fodiepbtfkfnfgbg ao ebois ga uoefsei pritbhiofstb, nb fgab ga diolirebr an dursi ganb Jfstirfb dio nb bddfôo i an pritbhiofsei obdfiobn



O DIOTW OWFOI IDJ E\A KAOHIKAT E

gan prasaota y ga dbgb prasaotat luasa ao Blrfdb luasaao Auripb diostftuya uob gaebogb ga nb prugaodfb3¹quæ pisfkfnfgbgas ga æxfti taogråb uo astbgfstb gaouastris gfbs sf pbrb sikrannavbr nb bddfôo prbheâtfdbeaota prasdfogfasa ga axparfaodfbs vfvfgbs pir ænefsei i pir itris9 ]rbxfs y dioidfefaoti sa diepnaeaotbo pir duboti qua ao nb bsidfbdfôo ga bekis sadiogfdfiob nb ebrdjb ga nb sidfagbg3 nbs axparfaodfbssfaepra aohaogrbo i fospfrbo itrbs axparfaodfbs.

Ao an pnboi purbeaota bkstrbdti an dioidfefaotidiosfsta ao nb pisasfôo lioobn ga prfodfpfis ikcatfvis

vânfgis -dioidfefaoti r u r fgabs diostrudtirbspir nb eaota fogfvfgub i dinadtfvb gfdjb pisasfôolirebn puaga sar rbdfiobn i sfepnaeaota fotuftfvb.ob dbrbdtaråstfdb gan dioidfefaoti i gan sbkar as nb

ga qua sfaepra supioa bnhóo tfpi ga priyaddfôo ga nbdiodfaodfb g axtrb pari luogbeaotbneaota tigbpriyaddfôo tairætfdb lirebn ga nb diodfaodfb puagasar ga gikna vartfaota3 nb vartfaota raCfhfisb qua as andioidfefaoti priyadtbgi jbdfb nb pisasfôo ga Gfis y

nb vartfaota vftbn ga duòi axdnusfvbeaota sidfbn3 priyaddfôo jbdfb nbs rabnfgbgas gan ao tiroi jueboi foeagfbtbeaota saosfkna. B pbrtfr ga bqul sa diolfhurbogis pnbois ga dioidfefaoti3 an ranfhfisi y an pinåtfdi3

an ga nb euarta y an gan jbekra.Nb bddfôo diosfsta ao uob irgaobdfôo y bpnfdbdfôo

ebtarfbn ga dubnqufar tfpi ga dioidfefaoti. Wigi dioidfefaoti oadasftb ga nb prbxfs ao nb efseb eagfgbao qua bquannb nb radnbeb. o pinltfdi qua sinfdftb dbrfseb pbrb dbptbr sulrbhfis sfo prasaotbr prihrbebga bddfôo bpnfdbkna as sôni uo bvaoturari duyis pisfknas bdfartis nnahbo diei nihris dbsubnas3 as dieiuo btnatb ga dfrdi qua prataoga axjfkfr sbntis ga bnturb pbrtfaogi ga uo lbnsi aqufnfkrfi.

BChi saeacbota idurra ao uob gfoâefdb ga dbekfisao qua nb bddåôo sa prieuava sfo an dioa u rsi ga nb ax¸

~ r å a o d f b Nb nfkartbg sfepâtfdb oi puaga rasinvarp r i k n a e b ~ obdfiobnas sfo an diodursi ga nb nfkartbgprbheâtfdb.

As dfarti qua eudjbs vadas nb prbxfs folireb bn di-



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN ]IN Aftl/D B V [ABQGBFC tC

oidfefaoti, ni dubn diolfreb an dbrâdtar oadasbrfi ganb prbxfs y ni qua diolfreb t e k f ~ o an dbrâdtar fepar-

ladti ga nb pripfb tairætfdb.Qo asquaeb pinftfdi puaga lbnnbr tboti ao su bpnfdb-

dfôo diei ao su lioounbdfôo. An paosbefaoti pbrb nbbddfôo sa lioounb ebn dubogi sus prfodfpfis y sufgabrfi luogbeaotbn oi aebobo gan sar vargbgari ybutæotfdi ga nb sidfagbg ga su drabdfôo y bpnfdbdfôo.

Dubogi nb fgfisfodrbdfb obdfiobn, an eagfi lfsfdi obtu-rbn, i nis pradagaotas jfstôrfdis diotaofgis ao nb h ~ o a -sfs ga dbekfis, sa ipioao b nb radapdfôo

~fepnaeao-tbdfôo ga tbn fgabrfi. pir nb diovaofaodfb ga sbnvbr

kfaoastbr obdfiobn v nis vbniras dieuoftbrfis. rasuntbfeprasdfogfkna nb l fbdfôo y bgipdfôo ga uob tairætfdb

prititfpi.Nbs bkarrbdfioas gan dbepi ga bddfôo puagao garf-

vbrsa ga dbusbs eóntfpnas.Ao prfear nuhbt... nb ebnb fotarpratbdfôo y trbgud-

dfôo gan paosbefaoti fgainôhfdi ao an pnboi ~ n ga nbaZCnn. rfaodfb puaga eitfvbr qua uo sfstaeb ga bddfôogatarefobgi. uob bdtubdfôo pinftfda diodratb. quagaogasvfrtubgis y axpdt¸feaotao lrbdbsis. Asti i u r ~dubogi nb irhbofzbdfôo gan Astbgi. fosn obeD oti prf

ebrfi ga nb b d > ~ f ô o póknfdb, quagb tanagfrfhfgi i ebofpunbgi pir lbdtiras ga diotrupisfdfôo, qua sio ipisf-tiras bn paosbefaoti > ~ r d b g i r gan sfstaeb. V tbekfao

idurra dubogi nb bddfôo prbheâtfdb g f s d u r r ~ kbci nbgfraddfôo ga pifQfdis foaptis, tirpas u . . 3 b r a o t ~ ' t grsaosfkfnfgbg. i vfhfnbodfb y dbpon¸fgbg ga butidrJfdbbota an gasbrrinni ga nb bddfôo.

Ao TDKQogi nuhbr, nb åotgot3arfgbg gan jirokra ga 0Åôo lraota in sfstaeb tairætfdi fepnj3u diepriefsihrbva pbrb an acardfdfi ga nb ¡u.3¸dfôo, qua as nb prbxfspifQfdb, pirqua an pinftfdi fosfodari, bota nb rabnfgbgsidfbn, oi puaga sar diosaduaota3 s uo jbrsbota póknf-3i y lbnsflfdbgir ga nb t a i r ~ t å d b gan Astbgi

. Ao tardar nuhbr, nb prbxfs ~ n óofdbeaota E hbrbo- bzb gaotri ga uo irgao sidbbn. Abta irgao sidfbn astc3iostrufgi sikra uob oioobtfvb fotarbddfiobn bn sarvå¸3fi ga gfdji irgbo. bn qur pra.stb pritaddfôo. galaoBb



DIOTWBOWFOI IDJB ^ E^- A KAOHIKATBEB

anaeaotis ga gasbrrinni3 an Garadji, qua ao asta dbsi

luodfiob oi diei sbkar of diei dfaodfb of diei di.obdfefaoti puri, sfoi diei nb hrbo rahnb tutirb ga nbbddfôo y ga nb fotarbddfôo. An Garadji as, pir dfarti,

bquannb arugfdfôo tairætfdb qua sa priyadtbaeplrfdbeaota jbdfb nb sbnvbhubrgfb ga nb bddfôo y ga

nb fotarbddfôo. Ao nb [apóknfdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn,nb Dbrtb ga B`iofka as uob luaota gan Garadji ob-dfiobn, y sf sa pralfara, as Garadji, pirqua sbnvbhubrgb y pritaha nb bddfôo y nb fotarbddfôo pbrbnanbeaota.

Ouastris astugfbotas ga Garadji gan daotri bsi-dfbgi ga nb QOAG duboti eâs priluogfdao ao s-

brrinnbr dioidfefaotis ótfnas pbrb an gasbrrinni ga nb

folrbastrudturb nahfsnbtfvb fostftudfiobn y diostftuyaota, tboti eâs pigrâo aoirhunnadarsa ga sar nis prila

sfiobnas y nis fotærpratas lfanas gan aotiroi pinltfdi yga nb fotarbddfôo. As euy astradjb nb botfoiefbGaradjdrdiovfvaodfb obdfiobn y Garadji-Astbgi, dieitbekfæo ni as nb trfditielb Garadji-]arsiob-Tidfagbgdfvfn i puakni. An Garadji, pir sar rahnb, as uo fostrueaoti gfradti ga bpnfdbdfôo ga dubnqufar asquaeb gapaosbefaoti, y diei tbn fostrueaoti sa ilrada b nbgfspisfdfôo ga nis jiekras ga bddfôo ga suarta quasabo dbpbdas ga dieprieatarsa dio uob tairætfdbprbheâtfdb ga Astbgi, nb dubn diostftuya tbekfæo pbr

ta gan Garadji.Ao nb gfoâef>3b ga dbekfis ga ouastri diotfoaota, nb

nfkartbg ga sikarboåb gasga nis bòis sasaotb vfaoa ax-parfnoaotbogi uob gurb pruakb, uob æ o ~ s f s sikradbrhbgb ga dbtustrulfsei pinltfdi, si .¸fbn y ~ i o ô e f d ipirqua gfsdurra priknaebtfzbgb pir uob lfnisilåb gabddfôo fohaoubo2aota diepr¸ieatfgb pir fepnfdbr uoblins o g f s v u o t f v b ~ pbrb bddagar b nb pnaob sikarbotb, bngasbrrinni y b uob sidfagbg o2âs custb ¹dbpftbnfsei irourxfsei9 As nb gfsyuotfvb qua dio robyiras panfhris

jb ^3drofgi ao tit,ni bn diostftudfiobnfso2i blrfdboi.ga kbsas ebs j t ~ t a r i h æ o d o s qua uoflirroas, ao gatrf¸

eaoti gan gasbrrinni ga uo Garadji dieóo. ob tairæ.rfdb pboblrfdbob gan A tbgu jb ga kbsbrsa ao uoblfnisilti, eâs qua nfkarbn y ~ v i n u d f i o b r f b prbheâtfdb



HQFOA ADQ nQ[C N ]INAEFD V [A NFG G tI

y radiodfnfbkna dio nb' f astrudturbs ga vbnir trboslarf-gbs pir an aoduaotri dio nb dfvfnfzbdfôo uofvarsbn.

Axfsta uo Garadji blrfdboi, diei itrbs tbotbs asla-rbs lioobnfzbgirbs ga nb axfstaodfb y vfgb ga nb si-dfagbg dfvfn0 ao an saoi gan pboblrfdbofsei y ga nboahrfgbg axfstao tigbs nbs aslarbs qua gbo lioobnfgbgb nb sidfagbg dfvfn, diei an Garadji, nb lfnisillb, an br-ta, nb jfstirfb, nb trbgfdfôo, an juebofsei y nbs astrud-turbs ga nb nfkartbg. An pboblrfdbofsei, pir tboti, asdiotaoagir ga uo paosbefaoti ouavi y sfotætfdi gg

Âlrfdb nfkra, an dubn oi puaga sar sfepâtfdi sfoi prbn-eâtfdi. Asta paosbefaoti sfotætfdi as uob aspadfa gasuprb¸fgab ætfdb. Nb suprbfgab pboblrfdbob as uo rasu-eao ga nis vbniras ga nb oahrftug. Diepirtb ~ o -tis diei nb gaeidrbdfb, fgaotflfdbgb dio nb bobrqunbga ouastrb irhbofzbdfôo sidfipinltfdb bkirfhao0 an ju-ebofsei, an dieuoftbrfsei, nb jaoobogbg. an prfodf-pfi ga butirfgbg, an irgao eirbn, atd.

b suprbfgab pboblrfdbob astæ prasaota ao tigisouastris pbfsas y tfaoa axprasfôo obdfiobn ao dbgbpbns, Ypir acaepni3 nb hufoafgbg.

An juebofsei pbrblrfdboi tfaoa sônfgbs kbsas ob-turbnas y trbgfdfiobnas3 pari, b gflaraod3fb ga nb su¸

prbfgab, an juebofsei ebrxfstb pbrta ga nb pinntfdby sbna b nfkartbr b nb parsiob ao sidfagbg eagfbota 7.3¸

dfôo aeplrfdb qua bjihb y bofqufnb b ni parsiob ao si-dfagbg, efaotrbs nb suprbfgab diolirei nb uddfôo pbrbprieivar bn jiekra y t r s d a o g ~ r nu sidfagbg. Nisprfodfpfis luogbeaotbnas ga bekis jurobofseis saaxdnuyao radlpridbeaota, sa radjbzbo pir o t u r n a z ~yb qua bekis juebofseis dbradao ga bspD(.0 tis fepir-tbotas ga blfofgbg y diovarhaodfb, gakfgi sikra tigibn jadji ga qua an jiekra b ragfefr pir an juebofs-ei ebtarfbnfstb bdbkb gfvfofzâogisa ao uob sidfagbgqua diostftuya an prfodfpfi y an lfo. efaotrbs nbsuprbfgab trbsdfaoga nb ebtarfb y nb s«Zfagbg pbrb fo¸qufrfr gasga annbs b dardb gan Tar.

uGôoga. aotiodas, obda ga jadji nb suprbfgab pb

)odbob ....Ao itrbs pâhfobs bpuoti fgab. sikra a o d u ~ o t o



r 7 DIOTWBOWFOI QDJB B E\A KAO 0IKATBEB

jfstôrfdi aotra an diniofbnfsei y nb sidfagbg blrfdbobga irfhao. Asta aoduaotri jb supuasti uob diovarhao¸dfb ga anaeaotis dunturbnas duyb bsfefnbdfôo jb åe¸puasti foanugfknaeaota uo Âlrfdb gflaraota. As uojadji frravarsfkna. Nis vbniras juebois y sidfbnas gatrbgfdfôo oi jbo paradfgi ao an aoduaotri tbepiditigi ni bgvaotfdfi jb pigfgi sar bsfefnbgi pirquaoi tigi as bsfefnbkna of oadasbrfi.

Ao an dursi hnikbn ga nb gfoâefdb ga dbekfis gan di-niofbnfsei sa gastbdbo rbzioas prâdtfdbs qua Âlrfdb

oi jb pigfgi radjbzbr y qua jbo sarvfgi ga eagfivajfdunbr pbrb su dbekfi ga parsiobnfgbg piracaepni3 an urkbofsei drfstbn ga iksarvbdfôo gandbekfi.

An urkbofsei as uob rbzôo prâdtfdb gan juebofseisidfbn blrfdboi qua j jadji ga trfkus gflaraotas uobtrfku sidfbn dfvfn pnurbn y urkbob. Ao an urkbofsei sagastbdbo aotra itris lbdtiras ga fepirtbodfb nb fota-rbddfôo sidfbn y nb irhbofzbdfôo pinåtfdb i nb bddfôopripfbeaota gfdjb aodbrhbgb ga rahunbr nb fotarbd-dfôo. Nb irhbofzbdfôo pinåtfdb gaka luodfiobr dio -

tarfirfgbg pirqua as nb qua bsuea nb tbrab ga bdtubrdiei dirradtfvi gan pisfkna gasirgao ga nb fotarbd-

dfôo.An juebofsei pboblrfdboi ao galfoftfvb as nb nnbvaga nb butæotfdb nfkartbg ga sikarboåb.



bs diirgao g s gan gas rrinni



•Adioieåb sfo gfrfhaotas3 Oi as /gdfn astbknadardiepbrbdfioas aotra pbfsas blrfdbois. ]ir ni quaraspadtb b Hufoab, puaga gadfrsa qua, jiy gnb, t faoauob dbpbdfgbg adioôefdb gækfn 2=.=== pasatb s garaotb par dâpftb) y gaspripirdfiobgb b su diogfdfôodnfeâtfdb y su sf tubdfôo haihrâlfdb.

•Bjirb kfao, ni qua jaeis iksarvbgi as qua oitfaoa gfrfhaotas fogåhaobs pirqua oi sa nas jb puastiao diogfdfioas ga bdtubr. b /uodfôo oi acardfgbquagb boqufnisbgb y nis qua jby t n gfs¡2u. .fdfôr2 gafofdfbr bdtfvfgbgas oi nnbo taofgi ipirtuofgbg ofjbo sfgi agudbgis pbrb anni

Cubo Ebouan ANI[GQV)

Cubo Ebouan A^irguy, ax-gfradtir haoarbn ga fogustrfbs sfgdri-eatbnórhfdbs, qua lua fovftbgi pir nb Dâebrb Ilfdfbn Bhrådinb ga[åi Euof, botas ga nb fogapaogaodfb, gasdrfkåb nb sftubdfôo hufoabobao uo folirea tædofdi.



.



222

K TAT V [ADQ[TIT

Nis radursis obturbnas ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn siodubotftbtfvbeaota ga uo vinueao diosfgarbkna. Tiojfgrihrâlfdis, sanvâtfdis, lbuoåstfdis, bhripadubr is,ebråtfeis, dnfebtinôhfdis y juebois. Wigis prâdtfdb-eaota sfo axpnitbr. Wigbs nbs rahfioas y ziobs hai-hrâlfdbs sio kaoalfdfbrfbs ga uo ræhfeao dnfeb inôhf-di bdusbgbeaota kaofhoi pbrb nis priyadtis adioôef-

dis qua pugfarbo drabrsa. Tf nis råis sio ranbtfvbeao-ta dirtis ao niohftug, anni sa diepaosb, sfo aekbrhi,dio nb rahunbrfgbg ga sus rahåeaoas ga dbpturbsboubnas y dio sus hrbogas dbu gbnas dio dbpbdfgbg pb-rb bnfeaotbr efdridaotrbnas anædtrfdbs pbrb lfoas gf-varsis (råi Dbepi, råi Kaofti, atd. .

is radursis bhrådinbs sio ouearisis y gfvarsis.]idis, euy pidis, ilradao ao nb bdtubnfgbg fotaræsadioôefdi y dieardfbn, bsf an dbdbi. an dblæ y nb ebga-

rb. prfodfpbneaota, sucatis b uo ræhfeao ga axpirtb-dfioas qua bpaobs oautrbnfzb an fohaota gasaqufnfkrfi

qua axparfeaotb nb kbnbozb dieardfbn ga pbhis. Nis

gaeâs sa bgsdrfkao b rahåeaoas prfeftf^ris ga suksfs-

taodfb. ]itaodfbneaota Hufoab Adubtirfbn as uob hrborasarvb fogustrfbn gfvarsflfdbgb qua oadasftb pra-

vfbeaota bdieatar rbdfiobneaota nb dråb dieardfbn ga

eudjbs ga sus luaotas róstfdbs aspiotâoabs3 an kis-qua ga su rahfôo diotfoaotbn as uo kisqua vfofdinb fo.sônfti gan qua sa axtrba bkuogbo tas lrutbs y u ~ n T qua

nb obturbnazb dråb boârqufdbeaota, tboti qua ea parefti blfoobr qua nb hrbtufgbg dio qua nb a d i n ~

~ t i h u f o a o bkbstada b nb piknbdfôo diosuefgirb



8 DIOTWB W/, ^nI IDJ.7 3 t 3 ^ l n L KA. ^ HIKATBEB

tboti urkbob diei dbepasfob as dbusb idbsfiobn ganidfi y eitfvb ao kuaob eagfgb an bksaotfsei nbkirbnjbdfaogi folrudtuisbs nbs dbepbòbs gan Hikfaei blbvir ga nb idupbdfôo prigudtfvb gan dbepi. An 6= pirnII gan tioanbca boubn ga gatarefobgis prigudtis gadiosuei obdfiobn qua bkbrruotbo nis eardbgis gaEbnbki y ga Kbtb radfkao axtrbddfôo gfradtb ga susdrfbgaris sanvådinbs aspiotâoais3 bså nb kbobob anbhubdbta nbs uvbs an btbohb an didi atd.0 pbrbgôhfdbeaota nis prigudtis bhrådinbs pridagaotas ga luaotasga priguddfôo juebob b distb ga tædofdbs euy btrb

sbgbs ga asdbsi raogfefaoti sio ga pidb ilartb asgadfr euy dbris y asdbsis3 bså nb dbnbkbzb nb dbealrasdb an pasdbgi nbs vargurbs atd. axdapdfôo jadjbga nb ebnbohb nb yudb an dbdbjuata duybs ilartbsaxparfeaotbo uob axpbosfôo suparfir ao ranbdfôo dionb ebyir pbrta ga nis duntfvis. Tfhuao jbdfaogi puasbdti ga prasaodfb nbs vfacbs raefofsdaodfbs radinadtirbs ao nb axpnitbdfôo gan aotiroi dio gatrfeaoti gangasbrrinni ga nb prigudtfvfgbg rbdfiobn pari nb obtu

rbnazb b pasbr ga su kaofhofgbg oi bpbhb pnaobeaotanb sag ga diosuei ga nb piknbdfôo of tbo sfqufarb ao

sus gis tardfis y buoqua an ebohi ao gatarefobgbsæpidbs gan bòi pbrada fovbgfr nis eardbgis anni sa ga-

ka ao pbrta bn jadji ga qua nis eagfis gan aota póknfdi oi diotrinbo nb radihfgb ga nb lrutb tbo gfsparsb ao

tarraois euofdfpbnas gan Hikfaroi of axfhao fe-puastis b nis qua nbs vaogao ao nis eardbgis dbnnas y

pnbzbs póknfdbs.

Wigi anni vfarta foaxirbknaeaota ao uo laoôeaoi

adioôefdi i botfadioôefdi sf sa pralfara tarrfkna

eaota bohustfisi3 an jbekra.

Nis radursis efoaris aspadfbneaota nis ga ebyir

gaebogb fotarobdfiobn diei an urbofi an gfbebota. aniri an patrônai. atd. sfhuao susdftbogi aoirea aspad

tbdfôo. o ouastri pbås ga eboarb aspadfbn gaspfartb

durfisfgbg a fotaræs an radursi patrinålari qua nb

tadoinihåb nb fogustrfb an butieivfnfsei y itris bga-nbotis ga ouastris tfaepis jbo arahfgi ao saòir ga

nis efoarbnas. Obgfa jb gasdukfarti ofohóo ybdfefao-



HQFOA ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFD [A NFG G 8

ti pari an suani obdfiobn jfgrihrâlfdi diotfoaotbnastâ ao axpnirbdfôo pir rbzioas ga irgao obturbn3 oisa puaga pargar ga vfstb qua Hufoab Adubtirfbn gasgaan puoti ga vfstb haieirlinôhfdi astrudturbn die-pbrta an ranfava ebråtfei ga nis Astbgis nfeåtrilas ga

Hbkôo Ofharfb pitaodfbs patrinålarbs gan Hinli dionbs qua pitaodfbneaota diepbrta tbekfæo jfpitætfdbskinsbs ga iri oahri. An luturi qufzâ uo luturi oi na-cboi ois gfrâ sf Hufoab Adubtirfbn as irfhao prinio-

hbdfôo i apfdaotri ga gfsparsfôo ga gfdjb ebtarfb

prfeb.Nb fepirtbodfb adioôefdb ga nis efoarbnas ao

Hufoab Adubtirfbn as foduastfiobkna tboti qua oi db-ka paosbr qua dubnqufar ybdfefaoti obturbn puaga oisieatarsa b axpnitbdfôo sfo gaeirbs. b rbzôo as ik-vfb3 an radursi efoari as uob sbnfgb dôeigb pbrb nbastbkfnfzbdfôo eioatbrfb diei idurra ao tbotispbåsas buoqua oi oadasbrfbeaota rasinutfvb ga nispriknaebs fepnfdbgis ao nis prihrbebs ga gasbrrinni.Nis hufoabois oi sbkao jbstb bjirb quæ as an patrô-nai pir tboti b ofvan ga ebsbs oi suaòbo dio vfvfrga æn. Bquå jby qua sukrbybr nb fepirtbodfb ga nis ra-dursis efoaris gasga nb parspadtfvb ga sus aladtisadioôefdis foeagfbtis diroi saråb an fodraeaoti ganis aladtfvis ga piknbdfôo urkbob0 ebs buoqua Kbtbtuvfasa ao uo eieaoti gbgi daotaobras ga lâkrfdbsbnfeaotbgbs pir nb daotrbn jfgrianædtrfdb ga Kfdieibuoqua luasa kaoalfdfbrfb ga uob ebyir lbdfnfgbg gafotardbekfis dieardfbnas atd. nis hufoabois ga jiy

sahufråbo taofaogi uob hrbo oadasfgbg ga vfvfr gansuani ga nb dråb ga bofebnas iknfhbgis b dioqufstbrsfstaebs ga duntfvis eâs outrftfvis.

An pbås as bhrådinb ao sus gis rahfioas tbn diei sabpradfb pir nis eigis ga vfgb ga nb piknbdfôo sônian Astbgi sahóo nb Diostftudfôo ga B`iofka piogarbnb raotbkfnfgbg y utfnfgbg ga nis radursis efoaris ao

luodfôo ga lfoas obdfiobnas disb nôhfdb obturbn.]ir su pbrta nis radursis aoarhætfdis acardao uob

pigarisb btrbddfôo ao dubnqufar dfugbgboi hufoaboirasfgb ao gioga rasfgb gaotri gan pbås. Axfsta uob



hrbo rbzôo ga liogi3 nis hufoabois, suparbgb nb drfsfshaoarbn qua sfhufô b nb fogapaogaodfb, aotfaogao quanis radursis aoarhætfdis sa gastfobo b bdbrrabr an pri

~ s i fogustrfbn, y qua sio an våoduni i an fotareagfbrfiaotra nb piknbdfôo nb trboslirebdfôo adioôefdb. a

jadji sa sipirtbo dio avfgaota bohustfb nis bpbhioas

anædtrfdis qua sa prigudao gurbota nbs jirbs ga suefofstri ga gfdji lnufgi ao nbs dbpftbnas.

b obturbnazb tfaoa v ilrada kbsas, kbsas låsfdbsaxjukarbotas, ao

lireb¸¸ga dbugbn ga radursis

jfgrihrâlfdis, bhrådinbs lirastbnas. Jby ebtarfbs prfebspbrb pioar ao eivfefaoti prihrasfvi b nb adioieåb.

An prfear hrbo radursi ga fepirtbodfb adioôefdb,

an jueboi, astâ tbekfæo ao nfzb, tbn vaz pir su ebyirgakfnfgbg3 nb piknbdfôo bdtfvb oi as sulfdfaota, y su alfdbdfb oi as euy pripirdfiobn b nbs axfhaodfbs ganpbås, uo priknaeb euy hrbva a fosispadjisi ao 26<:,pirqua an dradfefaoti obturbn ga nb piknbdfôo oidioidåb aotiodas sfhois rahrasfvis. ]ir dfarti nisåogfdas gaeihrâlfdis ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn, ao su rftei ga dradfefaoti obturbn, sfaepra bndbozbrio ditbseuy kbcbs, y sus vbniras bksinutis y ranbtfvis luariosfaepra fosfhoflfdbotas lraota b nis ga nis Astbgis va-

dfois, b axdapdfôo ga nb [apóknfdb Hbkioasb, duyb axtaosfôo tarrftirfbn as bdusbgbeao ta gaspripirdfiob bsu gaosfgbg gaeihrâlfdb.

Tfo aekbrhi, diovfaoa sukrbybr qua Hufoab Adub-

tirfbn, ao tboti qua sukpitaodfb gaeihrâlfdb, sa sftuôao lrbodb gasvaotbcb gakfgi b dbusbs gadfsfvbeaotadiogfdfiobotas gan eivfefaoti obturbn ga su piknbdfôo gakfnftbgirbs ga su dbpbdfgbg prigudtfvb. ]iracaepni, nb drfsfs sboftbrfb qua gasga nis bòis sataotbjbstb jiy sfhua bzitbogi bn pbås, b pasbr ga nis asluar-

zis jueboftbrfis qua aepraoga nb diiparbdfôo djfob

b ni nbrhi ga bquannb gædbgb, jb jadji qua nb durvb gaobdfefaotis sa ebotaohb euy pir gakbci ga nb gaitris pblsas sukgasbrrinnbgis, y qua nb ga eirtbnfgbgsa vuanvb astbdfiobrfb i dradfaota, ralirzâogisa bså vdikrbogi ouavb axpbosfôo, nbs prâdtfdbs ga nbdurbogaråb prfeftfvb ga nb eagfdfob rftubn, ga avf-



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN ]IF AEFDB } [¡ 0YBNFFCBG 8

gaota eaoir alfdbdfb qua nb tarbpæutfdb axparfeaotbneigarob. Ja dieyrikbgi qua nbs diosaduaodfbs ga nbdrfsfs sboftbrfb ga pbls sio ouearisbs, y uob ga annbsas qua an kbnboda obdfefaotis-galuodfioas sôni hubr

gb uo nfhari gasaqufnfkrfi

Itri axpioaota dnbri ga nb drfsfs obdfiobn luario nisvfinaotis fodfgaotas ga ¹ 2687 9, qua prividbrio anbkbogioi ebsfvi ga nbs axpnitbdfioas bhrådinbs ga nb[ahfôo ga Kfi`i pir nis rasfgaotas ofharfbois. Nis ra-suntbgis ga gfdji bkbogioi oi jbo sfgi lanfdas, nb lbn-

tb ga uob eboi ga ikrb dbpbz ga hbrbotfzbr nb diotfoufgbg ga nb priguddfôo jb earebgi rbgfdbneaota an

vinueao dradfaota ga nbs axpirtbdfioas gan dbdbi,

prfodfpbneaota. Nis pradagaotas ga nb eboi ga ikrbofharfbob sio nacbois3 nb trboslaraodfb ga nb eboi gaikrb lua prigudti ga uob diovaodfôo astfpunbgb aotragis pitaodfbs diniofbnas, botas ga gfsfpbrsa gan tiginbs raefofsdaodfbs gan trâlfdi eardbotfn ga asdnbvisparsahufgi pir Hrbo Kratbòb ao nb sahuogb eftbg gansfhni pbsbgi. Nb trboslaraodfb ga nb eboi ga ikrb of-harfbob oi lua uob trbtb, as gadfr, pir dieprb, sf kfaoas dfarti qua Aspbòb diotrbci iknfhbdfioas pir nb efs-eb, diei pitaodfb kaoalfdfbrfb. Wbekfæo as dfarti

qua jbstb nb fogapaogaodfb gan <: nis eivfefaotisefhrbtirfis ikrarfnas fkbo sfaogi gåb b gåb eâs vinuo-tbrfis, ni qua bdbkbråb trboslireâoginis ga astbdfiobnas y taepirbnas b efhrbdfioas galfoå tfvbs3 ao 26<:eâs ga vafota efn krbdaris ofharfbois jbkåbo lfcbgiyb su rasfgaodfb galfoftfvb ao an pbås.

Diei diosaduaodfb tbekfæo ga nb drfsfs iodaobnuob inabgb ga aefhrbotas adubtihufoabois bkbogiobo an pbås gurbota nis gfaz prfearis bòis ga nb foga-paogaodfb pbrb quagbrsa b kusdbr aepnai ao nispbåsas vadfois y ao Auripb Iddfgaotbn. Eudjis gaannis rahrasbrio gaspuæs gan Hinpa ga Nfkartbg, itrisdiotfoóbo ao an axtrbocari pir rbzioas lbefnfbras iadioôefdbs. Bjirb kfao, sa pravaa an ratiroi hrbgubn

Ja vfsti obdar b uois eannfzis gakbci ga uo dbdbitbn lriogisi,b nbs safs ga nb tbrga, ao uob sbnfgb dbsubn b uob lfodb p d r f l æ r f ~ n gt

Ebnbki.



8 DIOTWB åo.-.¡i IDJB ft X\A KA.. wHIKATB-XB

ga eudjis axpbtrfbgis y nb foefhrbdfôo ga sókgftisga pbåsas vadfois ao an pbås diei y idurrfô ao itrbsæpidbs. Gfdji ratiei astâ sucati b uob sarfa galbdti-ras tâdftis i axpn2dftis. Ao galfoftfvb sa duastfiob uodbsi ga rapiknbdfôo y oi ga ratiei turåstfdi. Ao s-

tis eieaotis sa astâo rapbtrfbogi eudjbs ga nbs lb-

efnfbs qua juyario b nis pbåsas vadfois ao nb gædbgbpbsbgb

a tigbs lioobs an diotfohaota jueboi ga jiv. an

qua acarda an hrbo pigar diosuefgir qua tboti p ~dupb bn Hikfaroi feprfefæogina uo sanni ætfdi ga

ras-

piosbkfnfgbg ao diekfobdfôo dio bnfdfaotas ebta-rfbnas ga suksfstaodfb f ~ puaga gasaepaòbr uo p -

pan lanfz ao nb prigudtf 0gbg obdfiobn. Ao purb tairåbuo pbås gaeihrâlfdbeaota pikra as fepitaota pbrbei^¸fnfzbr sus radursis obturbnas y bdieatar folrbas-trudturbs qua raqufarao asluarzis låsfdis dio uob pbr-tfdfpbdfôo juebob ga irgao dubotftbtfvi suparfir. s-

ti as dfarti y nôhfdi pari nb astrudturb nbkirbn y pri-lasfiobn ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn sa puaga bgbptbr i oa-

dasftb bgbptbrsa b sus pripfbs dfrduostbodfbs p r i ~vfaogi eâs aståeunis paduofbrfis jirfziotbnas quasahóo axparfaodfbs diepbrbtfvbs gan pbsbgi eagfbti

y gan foeagfbti an gan ræhfeao diniofbn y an gan ræhf-eao iodaobn eacir eitfvbo nb dbpbdfgbg nbkirbn y an

fotaræs prilasfiobn ga nis jbkftbotas.Rufara gadfrsa qua nb oadasfgbg ga suksfstfr

bueaotbr an ofvan ga vfgb fogfvfgubn y lbefnfbr diotaogaodfb bn diolirt eåofei ao uo aotiroi sidfbn dioaståeunis ga diosuei y btrbdtfvis adioôefdis nfka-rbneaota gfsparsis jb ga diogudfr pir foardfb b nb fo-

tahrbdfôo nbkirbn. Nb oadasfgbg iknfhb. Qoi ga nishrbogas yarris gan ræhfeao iodaobn jb sfgi pradfsb-eaota an qua an pigar vartfdbn fotaotbsa bsuefr gfrad-tb y bksinutbeaota nb bgefofstrbdfôo irhbofzbdfôo

axpnitbdfôo y gfstrfkudfôo gan trbkbci gan diosuei y

ga nis radursis bounbogi an gasbrrinni ga nbs luarzbsprigudtfvbs jirfziotbnas ni qua foanugfknaeaota taoåbqua vartfr ao diotrb ga nb rabnfgbg psfdinôhfdb y ju-ebob y ga nb eaotbnfgbg adioôefdb ga Cis adubti-



Hn. FOA.B. ADN BWI[FBN ]In.AEFDB n [ABNFG 7G 8

hufoabois. Nbs diosaduaodfbs oi tbrgbråbo ao prigu-dfrsa3 an bksaotfsei nbkirbn ga nbs luarzbs prigudti-rbs ga diepataodfb dioguci bn p ri ikrarfn, iknfhbogib nb butirfgbg b radnutbr b nb luarzb nb eboi ga ikrbpbrb sbnvbr nbs disadjbs ga dbdbi rabnfzbr ikrbs gadiostruddfôo, vbnfæogisa pbrb anni ga eætigis raprasf-

vis fojueboftbrfis.An radursi jueboi, ao galfoftfvb, ao an dbsi ga

Hufoab Adubtirfbn, oi jb ga sar an lbdtir sfoa qub oiopbrb an dradfefaoti adioôefdi, oi sa puaga asparbr

uob axpnisfôo gaeihrâlfdi bzirisb, diei uo laoôea-oi adioôefdi aspiotâoai, eâs kfao pbrada sar qua nbeacirb ga nb raotb bdtubn gan ofvan ga vfgb astâ nnb-ebgb b bkrfr ga pbr ao pbr nbs puartbs gan r a f e f a o ~ti piknbdfiobn.

Itri radursi ga trbsdaogaotbn fepirtbodfb as an db-pftbn diei fostrueaoti ga aqufpbefaoti. Dubogieaodfioi an dbpftbn oi qufari ralarfrea ao axdnusfvb

bn gfoari, sfoi b tigi an diotfohaota ga eagfis ótfnaspraaxfstaotas bprfiråstfdbeaota, i pragfspuastis pirnbs luarzbs prigudtfvbs obdfiobnas Astbgi, aeprasbs,bhrupbdfioas bhrådinbs ga nis Diosacis ga ]iknbgis,

aeprasbs efxtbs, parsiobs pbrtfdunbras aspadunbgi-

ras axtrbocaris) pbrb trbosliro2br radursis vårhaoas ybkiobr an tarraoi gan dradfefaoti adioôefdi. Ao nistras bòis ga hikfaroi gan Diosaci Efnftbr Tupraei, anAstbgi, dio n s rasarvbs gan Wasiri ]óknfdi eagfbo-ta byugbs axtrbocarbs, jb trbtbgi ga sbtfslbdar nbs oa-dasfgbgas foeagfbtbs y eâs urhaotas ao btaodfôo ga nbpiknbdfôo y pbrb ebotaofefaoti ga sus pripfbs fostf-tudfioas. Tfo aekbrhi, oi axfsta dbpftbn ga aqufpi, sfpir aqufpbefaoti aotaogaeis nb drabdfôo i pisasfôoga eagfis distisis y asdbsis pbrb bpnfdbrnis b lfoasadioôefdis, eâs prigudtfvis3 daotrbnas ga aoarhåb,sbntis ga bhub, prasbs, lâkrfdbs, tædofdis, prigudtisfotareagfbrfis eboulbdturbgis, tbnnaras, fostbnb-

dfioas, atd. Fogugbknaeaota nis priyadtis qua trbtb galfobodfbr a Hikfaroi eagfbota diepriefsis dio nis

giobotas a fostftudfioas lfobodfarbs fotarobdfiobnas,sfrvao pbrb aqufpbr an pbås y ao ofohóo eigi puaga



( QO. t F BO22OQ ID/E B E \F 22 ¸Ol ,(Cln/•., fBEB

n d o t ~ r ¸ '-.'QF t^d3tdr gt u j c d t f v u ~ Q D J Q r r i C C f ~ j n J Q d l C o f Q v i ~ .]ntru gub¸ an ) t ~ ^ n t i u nu tb¸uoJluroutdfôo, pru¡¡r¸dEC 0 ~ .n. ndott , Hunor-u [dtbunub¸fon odddJCfu lib¸rour y irhbofzbrOtn n Ql fnun, qua sao^ dl r ~ O Q t u g i ga p r i y a d t i ~ l0obo.t.¸ndn us, v ab¸ô s t ~ d u a o d f u >.`¸ uo dJludr-zu jueuoi. As andupfnun ¸ga0 fovdb¸Ofôo aduo •ofdu f o n l J t ~ s d f o g f k C a pbrb

d . ~ u u n q u f d . ~ r n o v ~ r s f J n d. dio(?onfdu. Asta botfdfpi ga fovar.sQu2 ou p u d g t ~ sdn ga sutdonnfgi of sulrfr an kniquai gauo vargugdru befhi aCa Hufoab Aduutirfun. An pn idasi

g t ~ dupntunnzudfôo i g a . ~ aqufpbefaoti as uob axfhaodfb

ruu.¸nuoun t'btfn puru an > . ~ b e k f i ga ouastrb eaotbCågbgddioôboj3b y pbrb nb eigflfdbdfôo gan bdtubn stbtus gafoeuvfnfso2i prigudtfvi.



F\

GA n AZ]NIWBDFIO DINIOFBN B nB [QFOB]ITWA[FI[ GA NIT ÒIT TAWAOW

An pbsbgi adioôefdi ga ouastri pbås as uo tbotidiepnaci puas astâ diolfhurbgi pir gfvarsis eieao-tis, dbgb uoi ga nis dubnas prasaotb rbshis bgef-

ofstrbtfvis gflaraotas.Qo eieaoti ga aspadfbn fotaræs y gan qua viy b trb-

tbr y gastbdbr pir raspatbr nb nloab ga fgabs pradfsbsqua trbti ga axpioar sio nis bòis sataotb qua gfradtb-eaota sa ranbdfiobo dio nb fogapaogaodfb y dio an ei-eaoti bdtubn. Dubogi frruepa nb fogapaogaodfb gaHufoab Adubtirfbn ao 26<:, su rabnfgbg adioôefdb sf-oôptfdbeaota axpuastb foluoga lrbodi iptfefsei3uob folrbastrudturb b ofvan blrfdboi ga aotiodas bptbpbrb an gaspahua y nb axpbosfôo. Asti oi sfhoflfdb ofeudji o2aois, qua an ofvan ga vfgb ga nb piknbdfôo

fogåhaob astuvfasa anavbgi. ]ari uob disb as nb ebnbgfstrfkudfôo ga nb raotb pardâpftb 7== ) y itrb euygfstfotb as qua nb irhbofzbdfôo tboti ga nbs fostftu-dfioas prigudtfvbs diei gan gasbrrinni ga nis eadb-ofseis gan eardbgi astuvfasao bn gåb gaotri gan diotf-oaota blrfdboi.

An ræhfeao ga nb irhbofzbdfôo adioôefdb diniofbnsa gasbrrinnô ao eagfi ga gis hæoaris ga radursis3 nbsebtarfbs prfebs i radursis vfrhaoas y nis fostrueao-tis gt priguddfôo adioôefdb. Gan kisqua sa axtrba nb

ebgarb ga ârkinas hfhbotas qua puaknbo hrbogastarrftirfis. Tio kisquas prfebrfis. Qob ebgarb prô-

gfhb ao aspadfas dbnfgbg y dbotfgbg.

Nbs hrbogas diepbòlbs ebgararbs diepraogåboqua nb axpnitbdfôo y nb diosarvbdfôo gan kisqua sôni



8: DIOTWBOWFOI IDJB B \F Jt3 OHIKC3TBEB

axfhåbo asluarzis ga pnboflfdbdfôo a fofdfbtfvbs ob.dfiobnas.

Nb lbuob sbnvbca, axdaptubogi nb dbzb ga analbotaspir nbs butirfgbgas diniofbnas, gurbota an paråigi ganb bgefofstrbdfôo aspbòinb oi dioida ofohuob axpni.tbdfôo adioôefdb, y sa o2botfaoa diei rfquazb gioofgb (vaobgis, cbkbnåas, botånipas, atd.). diei rfquazb aopitaodfb dbraota ga drfbozb adioôefdb0 nb dbzb trbgf-dfiobn fogåhaob oi as bkbstadagirb, oi ilrada suef-ofstri b nis eard.bgis bekunbotas ga nb diniofb. Asuob dbzb pikra y ga diosuei lbefnfbr, diogfdfôo quadiosaoDn jbstb jiy, yb qua nb bgefofstrbdfôo aspbòinboi draô ofohuob priguddfôo adioôefdb hbobgarb galuaotas adinôhfdbs hufoabobs. An diosuei dâefdi ur-kboi. nis suefofstris ga Eidb, pisaagirb ga uob dråbhbobgarb óofdb ga nb diniofb, i ga Dbeariuo, i ga nbhrbocb bvådinb ga Kbsfnæ. aepnabkbo aspadfas lbuoåstf

dbs ga fepirtbdfôo.

Ao an sadtir ebråtfei nb axpnitbdfôo adioôefdb ganbs bhubs lua DIID@ faogi dio an t faepi uob fepirtbo.ta bnzb qua. sfo ahbr bn hrbo ^ inueao ga dbpturbs ax-p i o k ~ bsahurbkb nis eardbgis ga Kbtb y Ebnbki,ao nis qua sa rahfstrbo ilartbs ga btóo. dinirbgi,

e r n ~ tfkurôo, tirtuhb bduâtfdb y itrbs aspadfas,fodnufgb nb ebrfsquaråb (punpis, hbekbs, dbohracis,dbnbebr, atd,. . Wigis astis radursis pfsdådinbs y eb-rfsquaris axfstao tbekfæo ao nbs prfodfpbnas duaodbslnuvfbnas ga nb rahfôo diotfoaotbn3 Xana, Ekfof. Bkboh.~ pir dftbr råis ga ebyir dbugbn.

Gasga an puoti ga ^ ÅTtb adioôefdi. y diei quagbbpuotbgi ao nb itrb pâhfob, an ranfava obturbn sfaepraas kaoælfdi, bnåeao bgI pir pradfpftbdfioas boubnaseuy luartas qua lartfCåzbi an suani fosunbr y diotfoaotbn, qua sio rfdis ao bkiois pitâsfdis y drfbgaris ob-turbnlt ga gfvarsis bnfeaotis sbnvbcas, diei an pnâtb

oi, nbs uvbs, 2 1 tukærdunis y itris prigudtis. Astis

suanis, bn oi radfkfr uo trbtbefaoti rbdfiobn, diotfoóboåeprigudtåvis jbstb jiy, sf kfao dbka asparbr dbekåib y bvbodas ao Cis priyadtis ga folrbastrudturbs gaaqufpbeåaoti qua an Efofstarfi ga Bhrfdunturb, Hbob-



0 2/OL.B ADtCB 2 =[FBN . ] I F ~ F n E F D V [¡3BC..FIB\ t 3n

garlb y Gasbrrinni [urbn astâ prieivfaogi glb b glbqua oirebneaota jbo ga surtfr aladtis adioôefdis aouo luturi oi nacboi. Ga asa taeb jbknbræ itrb vaz eâsbganbota, ao nb gfbhoisfs ga efs pnbotabefaotis. Gasuyi tbn diei sio trbtbgis jiy ao gåb nis tarraoisróstfdis pir ouastris dbepasfois, b kbsa ga tædofdbsrugfeaotbrfbs euy brdbfdbs, o i puagao ilradar rao-

gfefaoti of kbci ræhfeao ga nb eâs haoufob butbrquåb.An aspadtâduni as boubneaota dådnfdi3 gaspuæs ga djb-pabr uob pbrdanb ga tarraoi sa p2¸aoga luahi bn ebta-

rfbn gaskisdbgi, fodaogfbgb tigb nb lfodb, nb jfarkb sa-db pripbhb an luahi dio fodraåkna rbpfgaz.

Astis fodaogfis b eaougi fotarruepao an pbsibærai ga nis dbknas tanalôofdis qua dieuofdbo Ebnbkidio su baripuarti, prividbogi bvaråbs boiebnåbs aogfvarsis sarvfdfis póknfdis gan sadtir ga nbs dieuof-dbdfioas tanalôofdbs gan trbospirta tarrastra.

Nb diniofzbdfôo aspbòinb oi aepraogfô ouodb nb ao-

saòbozb gan trbtbefaoti ga nis suanis pbrb drfbozb ganis prigudtis obturbnas gan pbås. Ga bjå qua astissuanis, bn oi radfkfr eætigis y eadbofseis ga trbos-lirebdfôo pripfis ga nb bdtfvfgbg adioôefdb eigar-ob diotfoubsao åotahris i ebn trbtbgis jbstb an ei-

eaoti ga nb fogapaogaodfb, ga suarta qua ni qua ilra-dao ga priguddfôo aspiotâoab i frrbdfiobn ao astiseieaotis oi diepaosb of dukra nb hrbo gaebogb gadiosuei póknfdi. Wbepidi Aspbòb axpnitô an suk-suani pbrb nb axtrbddfôo efoarb, pari yb ao an pridasiga dbekfis gan stbtus pinåtfdi ga nb diniofb pugi lir-ebrsa nb fgab ga nb axfstaodfb ga ybdfefaotis efoarb-nas ao bekbs rahfioas aotiodas privfodfbs)3 diodratb-eaota sa paosbkb ni efsei qua jbstb an eieaoti sasfhua paosbogi, qua n kinsb patrinålarb ga Hbkôo as ian irfhao i an puoti tarefobn i uoi ga nis pisfknas ku-dnas ga uo ybdfefaoti hufoaboi, pir dbusbs å s f d ~ o b t u -rbnas. ]ir nbs efsebs dbusbs oi taogråb obgb ga axtrb-

òi qua an suksuani ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn tuvfasa t e-

kfæo itris radursis qua sa rahfstrbo ao an tarrftirfihbkioæs, diei an jfarri, an ebohboasi i nis lislbtis.

Wbepidi dio nb bgefofstrbdfôo diniofbn juki ga



aepraigarsd eudji an bpri -adjbefaoti gan pitaodfbaoarhæt fdi obturbN asti qua Hufoab Adub ti r f b n duaotbdii uob rag k3fg.rihrâlfdb dbpbz ga pioar sinudfôo bis priknaebs ga aoarhåb anædtrfdb y ga dukr f r eudjbs

oadasfgbgas pbrb nb bhrfdun turb. nb hbobgar å b y naxpnitbdfôo lirastbn An t rbospioa lnuvfbn sarfb tbe.kfæo pisfkna . pir eâs qua oi as ga bksinutb oadasfgbgadiGôefdb dubogi nb folrbast3rudturb tarrastra as bgadubgb Nis råis Xana. O`be. Otae v itris. ao su dursi suparfir prasaotbo uob duaodb kfao bnfeaotbgb. yuo hrbo d o n y dbugbn qua radfkao bpir tas gfradtis ga nbs pradfpftbdfioas adubtirfbnas. Ouearisisrfis gan fotarfir diotfoaotbn axpar feaotbo a radfdnbs

dådnfdbs boubnas qua cbeâs luario bprivadjbgbs pbrblfoas adioôefdis..

Ao an âekfti ga nb priguddfôo adioôefdb. nb gef-ofstrbdfôo diniofbn draô kbsas pbrb aqufpbefaoti ygasbrrinni. ]riei fô radursis ga priguddfôo adioôefdb pbrb nb priguddfôo rbdfiobn nb bdtfvfgbg aeprasbrfbn y gj .arsis laoôeaois.

Nb pf-iguddfôo rbdfiobn ga nb diniofzbdfôo jbkåb nnahbgi b aqufnfkrbr nb kbnbozb dieardfbn ga pbhis sfo

hrbogas eârhaoas aotra gælfdfts y suparbvfts. Cuoti bnis radursis gan dbdbi gan d læ y ga nb ebgarb. niseâs fepirtbotas gasga an puoti ga vfstb ga nbs axpir

tbdfioas lfhurbkb n priguddfôo gan pbnefsta lfkrbsdbudji kbobobs. As gflådfn dieputbr dflrbs bksinu

tbs sikra an tioanbca ga n s axpirtbdfioas gan dbdbi

d læ y itris prigudtis sikra uxCi b pbrtfr ga nis bòis

dfoduaotb ao qua sa astbknada an stbtus ga privfo

dfbdfôo ao n diniofb jbstb 26<: puasC] nbs astbgåstfdbsqua diotfaoao gbtis pradfsis sio foaxfstaotas b eaougi eudjis gasbpbradfario i jbo sulrfgi gatarfirbdfôo.

Ao nis bòis dfoduaotb nb bdtfvfgbg aeprasbrfbn ynnbeb nb btaodfôo sahóo uo pridasi frravarsfkna quabndbozb su eacir eieaoti dio nb bpbrfdfôo ao 26<7

26<8 gan •]nbo ga Gasbrrinni Adioôefdi y Tidfbn ganb Hufoab Adubtirfbn drabgi pir nb bgefofstrbdfôoaspbòinb.



Hnn. \A.-7 ADn B WI[/.72-. ]IQ t l /DB [ABN F GBG tu

Jby dbsf efn aeprasbs prfvbgbs dio bsbnbr fbgis. Nbbdtj. fgbg aeprasbr fb n bgqufara uo lbvirbkna dialfdfaota ga bnzb ao axtaosfôo y ao priguddfôo3 11:aeprasbs ga bhr fdun turb :4 lirastbnas, 222 fo gustrfbnas. ;= ga t rbospir tas y 26= ga dieardfi y sar,¸fdfis. Cuoti b as tis aotas pr fvbgis sa gastbdb nis sadtiras pókn fdis ga nb bgefofs t rbd fôo dfvfn y efnftbr , diouob eboi ga ikrb kbstbota bepnfb, astbknada, prigudtf^ b y ao parladdfiobefaoti saosfk naeaota dradfaota

qua ao såotasfs, diepraoga3

Wædofdis . Y . . . . . an :.=2 pir 2== ga nb piknbdfôo bdtubn

Bgefofstrbtfvis . . an 26,=; pir 2== ga nb piknbdfôo bdtubn

Ikraris dubnflfdb-gis an <;,=1 pir 2== ga nb piknbdfôo bdtubn

Krbdaris (paioas) an 2=,6; pir 2== ga nb piknbdfôo bdtubn

Ao an pridasi ga dradfefaoti diodurrao gfvarsis laoôeaois ga fepirtbodfb vbnirbtfvb, bså an diiparbtfvfsei duyb fostburbdfôo sa raeiotbråb ao nis bòisdubraotb ao an sadtir bhrådinb, dio ebyir brrbfhi aoKfidi0 ao 6<: an diiparbtfvfsei duaotb dio uo titbnga 47 aotfgbgas bhrådinbs qua diodaotrbkbo dardb gadubtri efn sidfis. Gurbota astis bòis nb priguddfôoastâ eâs rahunbreaota irhbofzbgb, y as dubogi sa

priguda an bnzb ga nb raotb rahfiobn hnikbn qua ao26<; bndbozô nis ;.=4< 1. efnnioas ga pasatbs bså dieian fodraeaoti gan prigudti rahfiobn kruti b dista ga

nis lbdtiras ;.4== : efnnioas ga pasatbs ao 26<;.Wigi asa pridasi ga dradfefaoti bdusb fepbdti ao

nbs isdfnbdfioas prasupuastbrfbs gan tarrftirfi tigbvåb

gapaogfaota3 nis prasupuastis dradao pbrbnanis b nb

aeprasb, qua tfaoa diotrbågb iknfhbdfioas lfsdbnas yqua bgqufara ebyir axpbosfôo ga diolirefgbg dio andradfefaoti ga nbs raotbs y gan prigudti rahfiobn kru

ti. ]ari nis prasupuastis sio fodiodakfknas sfo an eadaobzhi ga nb Ganahbdfôo ga Jbdfaogb y sfo nbs suk

vaodfioas pravfstbs pir an gaoiefobgi «]nbo ga ]rasupuastis Haoarbnas gan Astbgi° ga Ebgrfg.

Ga jadji gurbota nb gædbgb ga 261=-26<= nis prasu-



p u ~ ~ o3¡fstrbgis sa fodraeaotbo diosfgarbknaeaota, Ko nb tbknb s f ¡ u f a o t ~ puaga bkstrbarsa an dfdni ga )b

~ v n u d f ô o prasupuastbrfb FCQfoabob jbstb nis bois sa-s ~ o t b 3

261=61

61;614

26172611261<2618261:261626<=6<

6<;

26<4

HBTWIT FOH[ATITAO EFNNIOAT GA

]ATAWBT

. ' ' . ' 2 •••••••••

2.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

• • ••••• 2 ••••• •••• •••••• •••

.

14.=1=<;.:11

8;.:1784.648

22;.;;=2;=.21:2;1.6=42<=.==8287.<=:26:.41<42=.;8;42=.87:4<8.28=7<;.2:6

Gurbota astb gædbgb nbs nfqufgbdfioas prasupuastbrfbs ga hbstis sa pinbrfzbo pralaraotaeaota jbdåb3

- Nb aosaltbozb (;,: pir 2== gan prasupuasti haoarbn).

- An sarvfdfi bhrådinb y lirastbn (;,; pir 2== ganprasupuasti haoarbn).

- Ikrbs póknfdbs urkboi fogustrfbn 4;,< pir nII

gan prasupuasti haoarbn).- Hbstib y iknfhbdfioas haoarbnas 44,7 pir 2==

gan prasupuasti haoarbn).

Gaotri ga dur.i ga abtb avbCubdcôo adioôefdb uob¡nutåobota qua fotarasb satåbCbr ni as an dradfefaotigaeihrâlfdi urkboi. Nb piknbdfôo urkbob drada bn rftei ga Ci. logådas adioôefdis, duyis prfodfpbnas pbrâ-



>022/OAB. n fD nCB.WI[FBF ]INAEFDB [F "B/.2/CBG :4

o at ris sio nis fovarsfioas póknfdbs y aeprasbrfbnas.An ~ x i i urkboi dioqufstbgir gan aepnai sa jbdaupnustoota ao nis bf^is sasaotb. Ao 26<: nbs tbsbs gaeihrâlfdbs fogfdbo qua nb piknbdfôo hnikbn, fodnufgian eagfi rurbn, sikrapbsb an dubrti ga efnnôo, ni quasupioa uob gaosfgbg gækfn. Tfo aekbrhi nbs eacirbssboftbrfbs bdaotóbo ga lireb oitirfb an gasdaosi ganlogfda ga eirtbogbg pir aogaefbs, pir nb naprb y nbtukardunisfs. Ao nis oódnais ga piknbdfôo urkbob diojispftbnfgbgas drada nb tbsb ga obtbnfgbg y diotrbrras-tb nb ga eirtbogbg.

Axpioaota ga astbs eacirbs gaeihrâlfdbs as an dao

si aladtubgi ao 26<=, qua gasdrfka nb sftubdfôo ga nbpiknbdfôo bdtfvb, ga uois 24:.:<6 trbkbcbgiras gfstrf-kufgis ao dardb ga 2.=== aeprasbs prfvbgbs, gan sadtir bhrldinb ao su ebyir pbrta, qua diodaotrbo uobeboi ga ikrb ga uo ;<,: pir 2== ga nb piknbdfôo bdtfvb.

¹V nis sarvfdfis ..Ao bquannis eieaotis nb folrbastrudturb ga nis sar-

vfdfis ga trbospirta y dieuofdbdfioas oi as euy luar-ta bóo, sa gasbrrinnb eâs i eaois bn diepâs ga nb pri-guddfôo ao an diotfoaota y ao nb fsnb ga Kfidi, giogatrblfdbo dio dbrhbeaoti ga hrbo tioanbca ga dbefioasga dbdbi y ga dblæ, ao våbs b eaougi sfo pbvfeaoti bslbntbgi3 astradjbs dbrratarbs ga hrbvfnnbs dieuofdbo-

gi gfstrftis bgefofstrbtfvis y dieardfbnas. Tio dbefois ga dbtahiråb vadfobn. Oi ikstbota, nb obturbna-zb tadtôofdb sa euastrb bptb pbrb lbdfnftbr an gasbrri-

nni gan trbospirta tarrastra ga dbrratarb bnquftrbobgb,

qua tfaoa b nb sbzôo uob rag euy dirtb uois ;== `e.).Nis trbospirtas radfkao uo gasbrrinni tbrgåi qua avinudfiob dio an eardbgi ga fotardbekfis dieardfbnas igfstrf tbnas, qua bn tærefoi ga nis bòis sasaotb jbkåbsa

yb haoarbgi ao efdrieardbgis i eardbgfnnis beku-

nbotas dio diodaotrbdfôo ao nis hrbogas piknbgis gan

fotarfir gan diotfoaota Bnæo, Kfdurhb, Efkboh, Eaohieayaoa, Osbhbyioh, Kfybkfyâo, atd., atd.).

Vb ao nis bòis gan ræhfeao butôoiei nbs dieuofdb-

dfioas axparfeaotbrio eacirbs saosfknas ao diepbrb-



~ f ô o t. '^.^22 nis ~ ~ botarfiras ga.n parfigi diniofbn3 ju.kR t ra uvbrsa uo ftfoarbrfi hnikbn ga 2;.871 efnnbs~ b n b ~ Ao nbs nfoabs bærabs a.n ftfoarbrfi ga di.

o ^ u o ` - b d f ~ b k b ~ b k b . ~ o 26<:, uois 7 :<7 `fnôo ~ t n ^ ^ . ' - ~ o t r a tu¸Eogrfg. E b n o n x ? - K b t o ~ Ebnbki.

G i u ~ • n ~ ^ N n ~ ' ' Q ' 2 ' - t ~ t 2 n T i j o ~ b s t ~ r ~ ' T F ras dukrfbo uotitbn 2 tn82 `ons... t.'Z'- t. pj.) n3.ts ' b r r a t ~ o n ~ ruronas nbs

t ^ ~ s t b ~Ao 2%<.. ^..'Qn raH..' t a n ~ h r u l i s t«,¸fb Aotan•). tanæliois

fuoti b a [bgfi Adubtirfbn K b t b ~ v «[bgfi Tbotb Fsbkan• '- '-'^2^Ttftufbo nis prfodfpbnt's onagfis ga dieuofd.^0 'fôo T^Z ffnn ga ~ r ^ ' f ~ f i s ~ n r a s pbro tigi an pbås..

Nb efseb ~ ~ rah3unbrfgbg hubrgbkb aotiodas` . ~ ona^fni$ fotiotn:tj'QT parfigtstfdis. qua luario 2 7n ~ f t t o 3 A s , ' g f ` ~ b {raVfstbN an gfbrfi Akboi nb jic`n 2 2 7 l ~ nb ravfstb . ~ ~ r . an ]iti¡ 'FnI.. Ao bekbs

priVfnn^3'fbs sa ^. ''tnnD.fbo eagfis ga folioobdfôo adnasfbstj3ZnT '-nnnn^.2 nis kinatfoas apfsdipbnas nbs jicbs

p b r r i q u f b n ~ Ao 2%:. sa fobuhurb Fo tana^ fsfôo. gitbgb

ga uob d-bgaob.[aspa-dti ~ nb aosaòbozb gakarfb asdrfkfrsa uo

'---bp2tuni bpbrta, pirqua an taeb ni earada. pari an

tfaropi oi gb pbrb tboti. Ga jadji, ao nis bòis sasaotbbueaotô an oueari ga asdinbras, nb bnlbkatfzbdfôo ~dfkfô fepunsis, bndbozbogi ofvanas bntis ao nis Fostftutis ga Ebnbki y Kbtb ao nb aosaòbozb prfvbgb y ao nbs

A s d u ~ n b s ga Ebhfsnarfi. Ao 26<2, pir acaepni, nb rib..trfdunb tipa ga nb piknbdfôo ao agbg asdinbr as ga eâsga ;=.=== bnueois, ga agbgas diepraogfgbs aotra nisidji y nis dbtirda bòis. Ao nis bòis sasaotb nis agudbogIs ga lirebdfôo suparfir aefhrbo b AspbòbNb axpbosfôo dradfaota ga nis ofvanas agudbtfvis,

fhubn qua nbs eacirbs sboftbrfbs nihrbgbs ao nis bòissasaotb, radfka su ebyir raspbngi ao nb pinftfdb ga

diodasfôo ga drægftis prasupuastbrfis trbzbgi pirEbgrfg pbrb Hufoab Adubtirfbn, sikra tigi aotra 26<7y 26<8. dubogi an hbsti puknfdi ga nb diniofb bueaotbprihrasfvbeaota.

Ao nis bòis sataotb nb rabnfgbg adioôefdb lua t ~ebogi uo hfri gflaraota, frravarsfknaeaota gadbgao-



t ~ , diei diosaduaodfb gan bkbogioi ga nb bdtfvfgbg~ o n p r a s r f o n ga nis fovarsfiofstbs aspbòinas. prfeari.v gan vo>.'fi ga eboi ga ikrb, gaspuæs. o2âs an btadof~ f s o n i ,. nb ~ r f s f s bgefofstrbtfvb. Dio astis laoôeaois

C I . I sfr^'fô pbrb an pbfs an diotfohaota ga efnnioas gal't TDtos hufoabobs aeftfgbs ao Aspbòb ao 268=. b p -

sato ~ u f o a o taofb pbrfgbg dio nb aspbòinb. pir aodf- ¸oe gan l r o o ~ i diniofbn. ]ari nb pasatb hufoabob aosa

~ u f g o lua t"aatopnbzogb pir an a`^vant3 . eioagb butô

oioun ~ e f t f g ao Ftbnfb ao 2682 bn drabrsa ao an pbås

uob kbodb ga Astbgi.Gasga an puoti ga vfstb adioôefdi. as pradfsi saòb

nbr oquå gis fepirtbotas laoôeaois euy sfhoflfdbtf

^"IT3 ~ ~ k o g i o i ga pripfagbgas pir nis diniois aspbòinas v nb diolfsdbdfôo astbtbn ga sus atuprasbs3 puasas duâogi Hufoab Adubtirfbn vb pargfaogi su dbpbdf

gbg ga bpnfdbr uob pinåtfdb lfsdbn rbdfiobn y rahunbr,gfso2fouyao nis astfeunbs prigudtfvis. ga suarta quaan t I j 3 ~ puknfdi. an Astbgi, pinft` b y bgefofstrbtf

v o n ~ o t ~ toirkisi of p u a g ~ ao2praogar an bjirri pra

dfsi of puaga diodagar præstbeis sfqufarb b kbci fota~ pbrb astfo2unbr nb priguddfôo b trbvæs ga pbrtfdunbras adubtihufoabois, i b nis aotusfbstbs ga nb piknb

dfôobutôdtiob, sikra

tiginb urkbob. qua sa va ao nb

oadasfgbg ga kbsbr su diosuei ao nis suefofstris ga

nb lbdtiråb astbtbn.

Gasga nis bòis ga nb fogapaogaodfb nb bgefofstrb

dfôo póknfdb hufoabob radfka bsasirbefaoti ga tigiirgao gan «eadaobs° nnbebgi B. Hbrdfb Wravfcboi.

bkihbgi-oitbrfi qua sa gfda partaoadar bn nnbebgihrupi ga nis «gaeôdrbtbs-fogapaogfaotas° aspbòinas.y qua sa jbda btrbar pir nis efaekris gfsfgaotas ganis gfvarsis eivfefaotis ga nfkarbdfôo ga HufoabAdubtirfbn. Tu diogfdfôo ga natrbgi y jiekra ga oahidfis, bpiybogi b uo sadtir ga pinåtfdis qua aladtfvbeaota hbobråb nbs

anaddfioas,na hrbocab nb diolfbozb

ga bquænnis. jbstb an axtraei ga qua gaspuæs ga nb fogapaogaodfb radfkfrâ an dbrhi ga bsasir pinftfdi ilfdfbn v nb diogadirbdfôo ga «Dbkbnnari ga nb Irgao ga

nb Fogapaogaodfb°. Tu bdtubdfôo tfaoa uob fepriotb



pripfb gaotri ga nb drfsfs iodaobn hufoabob y bkbrdb3

bsasirbefaoti pinåtfdi, priyadtis ga gadratis-nayas

anbkirbdfôo ga eboflfastis fotarobdfiobnas hukarob

eaotbnas y ebofpunbdfôo gan dieardfi axtarfir. gu-rbota ^"brfis bòis. Ta gastbdb su dbrtb diostf tudfiobCga 2684. Diei bsasir adioôefdi tbn vaz sab ni eâsfepirtbota su fotarvaodfôo par¸siobn ao nb drabdfôo

gan nOTWllfWWI GA LIEAOWI GA HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN (FO-LIHA). pir an qua sa prataogfô astbknadar uo pnbo ga

gasbrrinni b dirti pnbzi dio nb rahunbdfôo ga nbs fe-pirtbdfioas y axpirtbdfioas. Nb fostftudfôo pir dfarti

raprasaotbgb ao Ebgrfg rasuntô folrudtuisb y bo-tfadioôefdb, vfdtfo2b sikra tigi ga gaspfClbrris bgef-ofstrbtfvis.

Wigbs astbs y itrbs diirgaobgbs ga sfhoi oahbtfvisio ao såotasfs nis eôvfnas prfebrfis ga nb fovartakrbdfôo adioôo2fdb iodaobn qua jaragô 2 DET trbs anhinpa ga Astbgi ga 2686.

Avfgaotao2aota, b trbvæs ga nb axpisfdfôo pradagaota

sa bpradfb uo diotrbsta pisfogapaogfstb as gadfr,aotra nb folrbastrudturb iodaobn y nb botarfir b nb fo-gapaogaodfb. Ta trbtb ga uo diotrbsta jbstb dfarti

puoti obturbn y euy dbrbdtaråstfdi ga uo pbås quafeprivfsb astobdturbs y bofebgbs bdtftugas obdfiob-nfstbs juærlbobs ga uo sarfi raspbngi axtrbobdfiobn.Wigis nis astbgis diniofbnas bn aebodfpbrsa suanao

bdusbr gakfnfgbgas adioôefdbs susdaptfknas ga bhugf-zbdfôo dubogi nbs dfrduostbodfbs diodieftbotas fepnf-dbo bksdotfso2i t æ d o ` ~ i prihrbeâtfdi bgefofstrbtfvi, diipdou3fiofstb y lfobodfari. Ao asta saotfgi. sus

drfsfs sio foanugfknas pirqua )bs adioio2åbs.. s t ~ n¸stbo¸dbo i gbo ebrdjb btrâs.

An dbpftbn aspblnin as uo hrbo fostrueaoti ga drdbtf¸vfgbg qua bpbrada ao liro2o ga aeprasbs ga irhbofzbdfôo bgefofstrbtfvb, ga pinåtfdb lfsdbn ga fovarsfôo ga

dradfefaoti ga nb priguddfôo. ga dio2ardfi qua.. astâoao ebois ga nis Obullon, Tutodi Bo2fnfvfb, atdætarb. Andbpftbn aspbòin axpbogfô diosfgarbknaeaota uo et r¸dbgi ga ~ i o s u i qua btrblb fodnusi b nb piknbdfôo ganis tarrftirfis diniofbnas nfo2ltrilas. An åogfda dradfao-



H\COA. 7 ADJ72Q[ CtN ]IF..AEFDB t¸ [A.i7.QGBG tr

ta ga diosuei y gan ofvan ga vfgb ao haoarbn sa gfspb-rb ao nis bòis gan ræhfeao ga butioioób, dio botfdfpb¸

dfôo b nb fogapaogaodfb, y an pbfs asparbkb uob supa-rbdfôo adioôefdb trbgudfgb ao an bueaoti ga nb raotbhnikbn lbefnfbr. a asparbkb qua nb fostftudfôo póknfdb

y nb aeprasb radtflfdbsao sus eadbofseis y eætigis

ga pinåtfdb nbkirbn fotrigudfaogi dbekfis prihrasfvisao ranbdfôo bn aepnai, b nis sbnbrfis, bn diosuei y b nbraotb b pardfkfr pir nis trbkbcbgiras obtfvis ga gfvar-sis ofvanas y dbtahirfbs3 astb ouavb bdtftug sidfbn

tfaoa su hrbo axpioaota ao nb hrbo juanhb haoarbn ga26<< aepraogfgb pir luodfiobrfis gan duarpi tædofdi

gan [æhfeao Butôoiei, dbpftboabgis pir Bhuståoòasi ~ a ò a botfhui luodfiobrfi qua sarfb oiekrbgi

gaspuæs Diosacan u ga Agudbdfôo gantoaodfiobgi [ahf-eao. An diolnfdti sa oautrbnfzô dio an bueaoti ga nissbnbrfis b nis luodfiobrfis, qua diostftufrfb an ikcatfviprfodfpbn ga sus rafvfogfdbdfioas.

Ao galfoftfvb, nb hæoasfs ga nb avinudfôo adioôefdbhufoabob dionnavb fotråosadbeaota sus diotrbstas ygasaqufnfkrfis jbstb duno2fobr y gasao2kidbr o uob as-padtbdunbr gatarfirodfôo b pripôsfti ga nb drfsfs ioda-obn. Ao rbzôo ga gfdjb drfsfs nis hufoabois, pir dfarti,

nnahbrfbo b bòirbr¸ nis rdhlo2aoas botarfiras dio oistbn-hfb, sikra tigi an ga nb óntfeb atbpb ga nb p r a f o g ~ p d o -gaodfb, uob bòirbozb qua arb dfartbeaota lruti ga nbbohustfi iodaobn. Astb avin bdfôo i ¡¸atiei saotfeao-

tbn bn ræhfeao diniofbn supioa, uob vaz 2oâs, an radi-oidfefaoti gan haofi foeirtbn ga Cirha Eborfqua, qua

aotra itrbs disbs, gfda ao sus «dipnbs3 n Qâo gaspuæs

ga bdiargbgi dubnqufarb tfaepi pbsbgi lua 2oacir .. •N d suyi, sf nb drf f d ~ ea bpurbsa gf rfb qudi oi >. iosf-

gari euy i c a t ~ v i s i s t n ~ o a r hrbtuftbed. ota qua anparfigi ga nb prabogapaogaodfb gakb fgaotflfdbrsa dioan axpnaogir y nb lanfdfgbg, sarfb uo bksurgi. Nu n ~ r f s f siodaobn. duybs diosaduaodfbs sfhuao folnuyaogi ao an

ræhfeao diostftudfiobn ga jiy. oi gakfarb raspbngbrsaeacbota draaodfb. G urbota an ræhfeao butôoiroi oispardbtbeis ga nb hrbo blnuaodfb ga n3bpftbnas axfstao¸tas pbrb nb fovarsfôo póknfdb y prfvbgi, y t b e k f ~ o ga



[: DIOTW OWFOI IDCF å2 E \k KAOHIKAT E

nb frrupdfôo ga kbsas adioôefdbs y juebobs tad.oidrbtfzbotas y bptbs pbrb prieivar an trbtbefaotirbdfiobn ga nis radursis. Ao asta eieaoti radbndi ni

blfrebgi ao itrbs pâhfobs an aqufpbefaoti pbrb angaspahua adioôefdi as ôptfei y bsdaogaota y oi ga-

ka dioluogfrsa dio an kbci ofvan ga nb vfgb ga nis obtfvis raspadti ga nis diniois qua as prigudti ga nbgfstrfkudfôo gasaqufnfkrbgb ga nb raotb.

Dfarti as tbekfæo qua nis pnboas adioôefdis gan ræhfeao ga privfodfbdfôo fostburbgi ao 2616 y nis acar F fis

adioôefdis foeagfbtbeaota pistarfiras saeiotbo sikra uob bgefofstrbdfôo dfvfn qua prasbhfbsfotieâtfdbeaota uo nbozbefaoti eigaroi ga nb adioiefb y uo pridasi ga kuridrb fzbdfôo gaeidrâtfdbbsdaogaota. As nb atbpb ga eacir priyaddfôo adioôefdb gan pbås.

Ao itri irgao ga fgabs y gasga an puoti ga vfstbdiepbrbtfvi oi rasuntb pisfkna astbknadar pbrbnanfs-eis aotra nis gfaz prfearis bòis ga nb fogapaogaodfby nis gfaz óntfeis ga nb atbpb pradagaota sf as qua jbyqua astbknadar pbrbnanis pir gædbgbs3 oi sa trbtb gagis di-yuoturbs drioinôhfdbeaota gfstbotas sfoi fotardioadtbgbs diosadutfvbs nb sahuogb ga nbs dubnasas sfepnaeaota uo pridasi ga rufob i ga gastruddfôoga nb prfearb dio uo gasaonbda dbtbstrôlfdi bpnbstbo-ta. Oi sa puaga bsidfbr i astbknadar ranbdfioas diepb-rbtfvbs aotra nis anaeaotis eadbofseis prigudtfvisga gis pridasis ga sfhoi diotrbpuasti3 uoi prihrasf-

vi itri rahrasfvi.



Ao nb rabnfgbg sidfiadioôefdb bdtubn diaxfstao uobpnurbnfgbg ga anaeaotis fgæotfdis ao nis lfoas ydiotrbpuastis ao su eboflastbdfôo laoieæofdb. Oiti-gis nis anaeaotis ga trbgfdfôo diniofbn jbo gasbpbra-dfgi dio nb drfsfs iodaobn. Nbs luaotas prigudtfvbsebtarfbnas suksfstao, tbn as an dbsi ga nbs axpnitb-dfioas bhrådinbs. Nb fogustrfb sfhua sfo gaspartbr, baxdapdfôo ga nb jitanarb, ao astis eieaotis fodfpfao-ta, dbraota ga suefofstris rahunbras y aepikradfgb.Nb lfakra ga diosuei rasuntb bnbrebota y tboti eâs

bhugb duboti eâs bntis rasuntbo nis pradfis gan ear-

dbgi fotarfir, qua jbo sukfgi ao nbozb gasga 2686 dio

uo ræhfeao ga foastbkfnfgbg cbeâs dioidfgi. Nbfolnbdfôo obdfiobn as axirkftbota. Dubogi an aotiodastaofaota dirioan Ikfboh radfkfô nb fovastfgurb diei

Cala ga Astbgi y ]rasfgaota ga nb [apóknfdb y gan Hi-kfaroi, jbda dfodi bòis, nis eadbofseis adioôefdis

ótfnas pbrb pripirdfiobr nb anbstfdfgbg oadasbrfb b nispradfis gan eardbgi fotarfir, su raguddfôo i astbkfnf-

zbdfôo, sa suparpioåbo b itris eadbofseis fojaraotas

bn roardbgi oahri, eâs gflldfUeaota diotrinbknas pir

dioieåb y Lfobozbs aotiodas gaoiefobgi Jbdfaogb

y Dio2ardfi . Nb prfearb hrbo gflfduntbg dio qua tri-pazbkbo astis irhbofseis póknfdis pbrb acardar nisgakfgis . ~ i o t r i n a s arb qua eudjis prigudtis ga fe-

pirtbdfôo y ga prfrodo.n oadasfgbg sa bhitbkbo ao anrodrdbgi nahbn, sftubdfôo qun¸ bprivadjbkbo nis bhao-tas gan eardbgi pbrbnani, a fodnusi nis vaogagiras n -

hbnas qua tdolbo rasarvbs, pbrb pioar sikratbsbs. Asti



DIOTW OWFOI IDJ B E\A KAOHIKAT E

idurråb dio nb jbrfob, an brriz, an cbkôo, nb nadja y ga-

eâs. b folnbdfôo as tbekfæo diosaduaodfb gfradtb ga

nb ravaotb ga nis prigudtis fepirtbgis3 eudjis -

eardfbotas qua of sfqufarb astbkbo ao pisasfôo gabnhuob pbtaota i dbroat dieardfbn bgqufråbo raeasbsga prigudtis ao dbotfgbgas bkusfvbs gaspuæs ga nisgasaekbrquas bguboaris, y ao nuhbr ga gastfobrnis

pbrb an diosuei lbefnfbr, rbzôo luogbeaotbn pir nbdubn an Hikfaroi lfobodfbkb fepirtbdfioas dio gfvfsbs, nis ravaogfbo b pradfis eâs bntis a fodnusi nis ra-

axpirtbkbo pbrb bgqufrfr gfvfsbs ao nbs piknbdfioas ganbs lriotarbs ga nis pbfsas vadfois. Astb eigbnfgbg ón-

tfeb ga diotrbkbogfsei sa jb axpbosfiobgi ao nis ón-

tfo2is bòis ao nb [ahfôo Diotfoaotbn.Ao astis o2ieaotis sfhua sfaogi frrbdfiobn an fo

gfda ga priguddfôo ga bnfeaotis y ga prigudtis trbgfdfiobnas pbrb nb axpirtbdfôo, nis dubnas haoarbo fohrasis ga gfvfsbs. u butisulfdfaodfb bnfeaotfdfb as euyoadasbrfb. A.stb fepnfdb bkuogbodfb ao nb priguddfôoga v l v a o ~ s gfvarsflfdbgis. An pnâtboi i nb pfòb, piracaepni, rasuntbo euy dbris pirqua. b pasbr ga sartripfdbnas pir obturbnazb, oi nnahbo ouodb b sbturbrsapbrb astftounbr su bkbstadfefaoti. Nb priguddfôo ganb

hrusu vahatbn rasuntb tbo asdbsb diei nb bofebn y nbpasquarb. No lbuob hufoabob as blirtuobgbeaota axukarbota. o uv gfvarsb ao aspadfas. Ao an eagfi rurbnuoi ga nis priknaebs qua bladtbo u nb dråb adioôefdbga bofebnas uvas gieæstfdbs, dbkrbs, ivacbs as qua nbhbobgaråb s f h u ~ sfaogi u o ~ b hbobgaråb saotfeaotbn yrftubn3 sa sbdrflfdbo bofebnas pir rbzioas ga jieaob-ca, sinaeofgbgas oupdfbnas, lastacis lóoakras ydurbogaråbs0 uob hbobgarlb sidfbn astradjbeaota nfhbgb b nbs vfvaodfbs trfkbnas bkiråhaoas.

Nb lbuob sbnvbca oi sa sio2ata b ofohuob prâdtfdbadioôefdb, sus dbpturbs sio gieæstfdbs, y dubogi nnahb un eardbgi póknfdi sus pradfis sio anavbgis an

«djududjudu°, an cbkbnå, vaobgis y botånipas. Eudjbsparsiobs diosueao dbroa ga eioi). Nbs gfspiofkfnf-gbgas axpiotâoabs lbuoåstfdbs sio aoireas, nb rfquazb dârofdb obturbn gan pbås, ga sar axpnitbgb adi-



HQFOA ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFD [A NFG G 6/

oôefdbeaota, pripfdfbråb fodnusi nb axpirtbdfôo gadbroa y jbstb ga bofebnas ga drfbozb, prinllaris ao as-padfas foaxfstaotas ao itrbs nbtftugas. ]ir itrb pbrta.Cis prihrbebs hukarobeaotbnas oi jbo pravfsti nisbprivfsfiobefaotis ga pbrquas oadasbrfis pbrb nbdrfbozb gieæstfdb gan analbota, b lbntb ga gfspiofkfnf-gbgas lfobodfarbs0 pir ni tboti, an ebrlfn diostftuyaitri brsaobn ga radursis bofebnfstfdis tigbvfb sfoaxpnitbr. b priguddfôo ga bofebnas sa pnbotab, puas.diei uoi ga nis ikcatfvis adioôefdis qua radnbebonis eâxfeis asluarzis prihrbeâtfdis vartfdbnas, tbotipbrb bueaotbr y dubnflfdbr nb gfatb ga dbnirfbs ypritalobs pbrb nb outrfdfôo póknfdb diei pbrb gfvar-

sis lfoas fogustrfbnas. An Hikfaei bdtubn as diosdfao-ta ga qua gaka bsuefr astb raspiosbkfnfgbg adioôef-

db ao uo prfodfpfi, puas an puakni hufoaboi, b cuzhbrpir sus vfvaodfbs bkiråhaoas, ouodb lua euy pbstirfn.

Itri lbdtir qua jbstb jbda pidi eaois ga uo oòi

vaofb jbdfaogi gflådfneaota diotrinbknas nis eivf¸

efaotbs ga pradfis as nb asdbsaz eioatbrfb. Nb dfrdu-

nadfôo gan a`wana arb euy vaniz gakfgi b su asdbsaz, y

tbekfæo b su kbrbturb fotråosadb ao an eardbgi ga gf-vfsbs. An axtrbocari qua nnahbkb b Hufoab Adubtitfbn

dio sôni uo puòbgi ga gônbras. ga pasatbs i ga lrbo-

dis blrfdbois, ao nuhbr ga bdugfr bn kbodi ga Hufoab

Adubtirfbn pbrb sinfdftbr iparbdfioas ga dboca, dblb aoroboþs ga diotrbkbogfstbs qua oadasftbkbo rabnfzbr

~ e p r s ao gfvfsbs. y nnaobkb su ebnatåo dio nb eioa-gb ga dursi nahbn pbrb rabnfzor sus hbstis Eudjis

axtrbocaris rasfgaotas jbdlbo astb prâdtfdb pbrb pbhbr

b nis aepnabgis obtfvis qua nas prastbo sarvfdfis gi-eæstfdis, duyis sbnbrfis ao a`wana sinåbo sar gan ir-

gao ga nbs dubtri efn pasatbs, i sab, uois ;= .

Ao astbs dfrduostbodfbs, nb dbotfgbg ga gfoari qua

dfrdunbkb ao tigb nb [apóknfdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn

arb euy folarfir y gaspripirdfiob bn ofvan ga nis pra-dfis euy bntis, puas an dieprbgir pbrb bgqufrfr uob

dbcftb ga fosadtfdfgbs djfoi sa vaåb iknfhbgi b gas-praogarsa ga uob hrbo dbotfgbg ga kfnnatas ga dfao a`-wana sfaogi tbo gækfn gfdjb eioagb nis kinsis y



6 DIOTWBOWFOI IDJB E \A KAOHIKF TBEB

kinsfnnis ga nis dio2prbgirds roâs juo2fngas quagbkbo

vbdåis gaspuæs ga dubnqufar dieprb.

Nb o2iodgb gan a`wdna arb axdasfvbeaota idfisb asgadfr pidi prigudtfvb pir oi taoar tuarzb bgqufsftf-vb ao an axtarfir0 pruakb ga anni as qua dubogi nis pra-supuastis ga lfobodfbdfôo ga ikrbs ga lieaoti sajbdåbo ao a`wana nbs aeprasbs diostrudtirbs pbrb

pigar trbkbcbr asparbkbo gan Hikfaroi nb diodasfôo

ga nfdaodfbs ga fepirtbdfôo ga ebtarfbn b beirtfzbr

ao gfvfsbs. Wigb astb sftubdfôo sa bhrbvbkb sikra tigi

pir nb lbntb ga priguddfôo gan dradfefaoti ga nb raotbhnikbn y lbefnfbr pir uo nbgi nb lbntb ga uob eioa-gb pbtrôo i ga raspbngi pir itri. Nb kbrbturb ga nbeioagb ao så efseb oi arb axdnusfvbeaota ni parof-dfisi of sfqufarb arb axbdtbeaota parofdfisb. Nb tbsb

ga dbekfi ga uob eioagb puaga astbr folrbvbnirbgb

sfo qua anni supiohb bnfdfaotas oahbtfvis ao nb lnud-tubdfôo haoarbn bn ebrhao ga nis åogfdas ga nb pri-guddfôo0 ao an eieaoti ga ragbdtbr astbs nåoabs sa jb-

da pbtaota ao ef eaota nb sftubdfôo ga nb pasatb ao As-pbòb ao nis bòis sasaotb dubogi an æxigi gan turfseiaspbòin btrbvasbkb uo eieaoti euy krfnnbota dio

su vbsti bkbofdi ga kaoalfdfis eieaoti ao qua an

dista ga nb vfgb ao Aspbòb arb ga uo 1= pir 2== eâskbci qua jiy nbs tbrflbs gan trbospirta urkboi ga

dbrratarbs nbs tbsbs pradfis ga dieastfknas sarvf-dfis jitanaris atd. astbkbo bn husti gan turfstb

efaotrbs nb priguddfôo ebotaoåb su rftei ga dradf-

efaoti. Rufara gadfrsa qua an pfvit qua gakaeis pio-garbr sikra an vbnir rabn ga uob eioagb oi as oadasb-rfbeaota an lbdtir ditfzbdfôo sfoi an ga priguddfôo

qua ebrdb nb eagfgb rabn ga nb dbpbdfgbg bgqufsftfvb

ga dbgb gfoari. An a`wana quagbkb fogalaosi dubogisa bsidfbkb b nb rabnfgbg prigudtfvb dio an bueao-

ti ga nis pradfis qua t ~ x p a r f n o a o t b k b o nis prigudtiso2boulbdturbgis fo2pirtbgis sa prigudåb oadasbrfb-

eaota uob fodôeigb p 2 ~ a s f ô o ao nb kbnbozb ga pb-

his p b r ~ an Hikfaroi. Ao astis eieaotis HufoabAdubtiobn pidi. axpirtb pirqua pidi priguda ni quaraparduta oahbtfvbeaota ao sus gaebogbs bn a x t t ~ r f i

r



Hnl OAB KDQB WI[FBN ]IF AEFDB V [W3B/ 2/CBFC 6 2

qua ao nis óntfeis bòis jbo dradfgi ao prihrasfôohaieætrfdb ao ranbdfôo dio nbs ilartbs, ni qua jbda

qua ouastri pbfs sfhb sfaogi nb hrbo vldtfeb ga nb ra-vinudfôo fotarobdfiobn ga nis pradfis.

Ao itri nuhbr, radirgbrâ an nadtir, ja saòbnbgi nbs

dbusbs qua lraobrio an rf tei ga nb priguddfôo ob-dfiobn, ja bpuotbgi qua gfvarsis sadtiras jbo axparf-eaotbgi ao ioda bòis uo hrbo gasdbnbkri y itrbs i-

sbs eâs qua gasdrfkao an pridasi ga nb rufob iodaobn.

]ir tigi anni, ao galfoftfvb, b nb prahuotb ga pir quæ sa

jb quakrbgi ouastrb adioieåb, nb drfsfs iodaobn ilra-da uob raspuastb dnbrb dio ebyósdunbs. n bkrfr asa

fotarrihbota, oi pigaeis fotaodfiobneaota invfgbrqua as gikna, b prfirf, pirqua, quarâeisni i oi nbprahuotb sa gaspnbzb ga su pnbotabefaoti botarfir,

sfepna y nbdôofdi, y pbsb b lireunbrsa ao astis tæref-

ois3 ¹pir quæ gaspuæs ga dubtri bòis gan Hinpa ga Nf-kartbg sfhua sfo gaspartbr nb adioielb obdfiobn9 ¹pirquæ oi sa navbotb nb priguddfôo9 ¹quæ tfaoa ga aspadå-

lfdi nb rabnfgbg adioôefdb hufoabob pbrb eistrbrsatbo fepareabkna b nis dbekfis pisftfvis9

Nb raspuastb b astis fotarrihbotas b sfo2pna vfstb

pbrada ikvfb3 pirqua oi sa jb suparbgi tigbvfb nb

drfsfs adioôefdb, sfoi tbo sôni nb pinåtfdb y nb sidfbn.]ari asti oi axpnfdb obgb, as eâs, suaob b tôpfdi. b

sbnfgb sidfipinltfdb gan pbls gaspuæs gan Hinpa ga Nf-kartbg obgb tfaoa qua var dio an o2bn adioôefdi, duyilbdtir eâs hrbva diotfoób giefobott 3 an foeivfnfs-

ei. Nbs dbusbs ga asta laoôeaoi sio bgefofstrbtf-vbs y tædofdbs, bgaeâs ga lfobodfarbs, luogbondotbn-eaota.

Ao an prfear ofvan ga dbusbs sa gt3stbdb an pritbhi-

ofsei ga nb dnbsa luodfiobrfbn, dbrbdtarfzbgb pir nb

pripaosfôo bn bkbogiofsei prilasfiobn y b nb dirrup-

dfôo, jadji tbotbs vadas gaouodfbgi pir an ]rasfgaotaga nb [apóknfdb y qua jb sfgi ikcati ga bdusbdfôo ga

nb diiparbdfôo tædofdb fotarobdfiobn diotrb ouastripbås. As dfarti qua gaspuæs gan Hinpa ga Nfkartbgeudjis luodfiobrfis jbkftubgis b (.'istuekras gasji-oastbs nihrbrio o2botdodrsa i f o t r i u n ~ f r s n ~ ao nb Bgef



F F ¸ sa qua an ¡

•r ra n ga uo

ditfzbdfio,fgb ra n ga nb. a`wana quad

~ n f g gprigu



DIOTW OWFOI GDJ B E \F3 JAOHIKAT E

ofstrbdfôo gan DET aotirpadfaogi su bhfnfgbg gflf-t o ~ i b v a d ~ s nb fotarvaodfôo tædofdb ga nb diiparb-

Dfôo o tarobdfiobn ebnvarsbogi liogis póknfdisdiospfrbogi diotrb an ræhfeao fostf tudfiobn ga nfkar-tbgas y diotr¸b nb pripfb sahurfgbg gan Astbgi. Eudjisluodfiobrfis dfvfnas efnftbras oi jbo vfsti diokuaois icis an dbekfi pir asi sa rasfstao b bgjarfrsab nb bkinfdfôo gan asplrftu ga dirrupdfôo gan ræhfeaoiodaobn qua ao sus eieaotis eâs dråtfdis sa jbklbtrbosliro2bgi ao uo sfogfdbti ga btripannis raprasfvis

diotrb nbs disbs póknfdbs prfvbgbs.Ao astis eieaotis nis asluarzis gan ]rasfgaota ga

Fo [apóknfdb sa vao kniquabgis pir uois asquaebsbgefofstrbtfvis kuridrâtfdis foalfdbdas pir botf-dubgis tobofpunbgis rutfobrfbeaotd pir uo ebtarfbnjueboi qua gacb eudji qua gasabr.

b bdtubn haoarbdfôo ga luodfiobrfis póknfdis pbra-da oahnfhaota pir galfofdfôo. Oi bdugao b nb jirb bnpuasti ga trbkbci of raspatbo an jirbrfi nbkirbn as-tbknadfgi. Nbs ranbdfioas vartfdbnas ga sukirgfobdfôoaotra suparfiras a folarfiras nis calas y sus dinbkirb-gir¸as atd. sio b eaougi foaxfstaotas ni qua ravfartaao nb rupturb rbgfdbn dio nbs astrudturbs ga carbrqulb

bgefofstrbtfvb puas nb suefsfôo ga rfhir an bdbtb-efaoti nb nabntbg nb lfganfgbg bn oi duntfvbrsa dieivbniras sidfbnas dåvfdis fepfgao an raogfefaoti nb-kirbn efofebeaota axfhfkna bofqufnb an saotfgi garaspiosbkfnfgbg carârqufdb. Wigi an euogi sbka quagurbota an ræhfeao iodaobn nbs ranbdfioas ga lfganfgbgcarârqufdb jbkåbo gasbpbradfgi. Bdtubneaota aoeudjis irhbofseis póknfdis oi axfsta uob butæotfdbhastfôo bgefofstrbtfvb gbgi qua dbgb acadutfvi ras-

piosbkna tfaoa ao sus dinbkirbgiras eâs foeagfbtis buois «aoaefhis° qua prieuavao su sustftudfôo pbrbasdbnbr su puasti as gadfr pbrb su pripfb eivfnfgbgparsiobn kniquabogi nb acadudfôo ga nbs gadfsfioas

suparfiras sus prihrbebs priyadtis dieatfaogidjbotbcas gfdtbogi diotrbôrgaoas pnbotabogi ga as-tb lireb uob lab adubdfôo bgefofstrbtfvb ao nb luo-

dfôo póknfdb3 irgao eâs diotrbirgao fhubn b gasirgao.



HQFOA ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFD V [A NFG G 6

Ao galfoftfvb ao luodfôo ga asb fepriotb juebob yluodfiobrfbn prigudti ga nb bgefofstrbdfôo gan ræhf-eao iodaobn nb hastfôo póknfdb sa ebnihrb nis bsuo-

tis ga Astbgi sa ebrhfobo i sa diovfartao ao earisfostrueaotis ga nudjb ga fogfvfguis. Nb bdtubdfôo ganis luodfiobrfis oi sa bsidfb b uob eirbn ikcatfvbsfoi parsiobnfstb ga nb qua aebobo gaspfnlbrrispinltfdis adioôefdis bgefofstrbtfvis.

Ao ni qua raspadtb b nbs fostftudfioas adioôefdbsgaki botfdfpbr qua blirtuobgbeaota jbo aepazbgi b

luodfiobr buoqua ga lireb frrahunbr kbci nisastfeunbs gfradtis qua idbsfiob an fohrasi gan pbls aonb QGABD y ao nb KABD. Ea ralfari prfodfpbneaota bnbs prfodfpbnas fostftudfioas adioôefdbs diotaoagirbsga aståeunis gasbrrinnfstbs dbpftbnfzbotas3 nis kbo-dis an tasiri dieóo nbs dâebrbs bhrldinbs y nbs bhru-pbdfioas rurbnas.

Nb kbodb obdfiobn sa vfaoa eistrbogi foalfdbz b nbjirb ga aepraogar nb hastfôo3 dubogi oi diohanbkb

drægftis bdieatåb diodasfioas frrbdfiobnas pir fnopri-gudtfvbs. b lbntb ga uo prihrbeb dijaraota ga pinltf-db dragftfdfb trbci diosfhi an arrir ga itirhbefaoti gadrægftis b uo hrupi ga aspbòinas aotusfbstbs qua nna-

hbrio b Hufoab ao an prfear boi gan Hinpa ga Nfkar-tbg b vbrfis bhrfduntiras obtfvis drægftis qua oijbo sfgi beirtfzbgis of dio fotarasas of dio an bkioiga nis dbpftbnas prastbgis bn Astbgi. Nis kbodis sio

vldtfebs ga uo sfstaeb bgefofstrbtfvi folirea i ga-lirea diei sa pralfarb qua oi astâ bn gfb sikra nbpinåtfdb lfobodfarb. An kbnboda ga eâs ga dfodi bòisga hastfôo dio nb dbrtb knbodb gan Hikfaroi ni avfgao-dfb diei diosaduaodfb an dbpftbn kbodbrfi sfhua

sfaogi frrfsirfi pir nbs pærgfgbs qua axparfeaotb3 anvinueao ga gapôsftis ga nb dnfaotanb dbrada ga bhfnf-gbg prigudtfvb puas bn lfobn ga dbgb acardfdfi adioô-efdi boubn nis sbngis ga nis dnfaotas prastbefstbskaoalfdfbrfis ga drægftis bhrfdinbs y dieardfbnas siooahbtfvis dbsf ao uo 1= pir 2==. An óofdi kbodi ea-gfbobeaota sinvaota as uob ga nbs pidbs aeprasbsefxtbs qua sa gasaovuanvao dio irgao rahunbrfgbg3



ô DIOTW OWFOI IDJ B E\A KAOHIKAT E

an Kbodi Axtarfir ga Hufoab y Aspbòb, pbrta ga duybs

bddfioas sio gan Astbgi. Nis kbodis oi duepnao diorahunbrfgbg sus luodfioas lfobodfarbs. Wbepidi axfs-tao drægftis fogustrfbnas. b kbodb, qua gasga an ræhf-eao iodaobn sa jbkåb diovartfgi ao uo oahidfi ganAstbgi, diotfoób sfo bdartbr b lbdfnftbr sarvfdfis b nbdnfaotanb, su pripfi pbtrfeiofi as foeivfnfstb pir nblbntb ga axpbosfôo, sôni óntfebeaota sa jb fgi drabo-

gi paquaòbs sudursbnas ao nbs privfodfbs. Gaspuæs ga

prigudfrsa an Hinpa ga Nfkartbg, nb Cuotb Wædofdb ganHikfaroi y an aotiodas ]rasfgaota gan DET oi tbrgb-

rio ao diepraogar qua pbrb gaspacbr an jirfziota -obodfari sa jbdåb oadasbrfi eivfnfzbr nbs rasarvbskbodbrfbs, buoqua oi nb titbnfgbg ga nis gapôsftis, pb-rb aepraogar dio jinhurb nb rabdtfvbdfôo, prfodfpbn-eaota ga nb adioieåb dbdbitbn y dblatbn. Ea ralfari b.nis gapôsftis ga nb botarfir eioagb ga dursi nahbn, ana`wana gan vfaci gfsaòi, botas ga nb puastb ao dfrdu-nbdfôo ga nb aefsfôo nnavbgb b dbki ao Aspbòb ao 26:2Ebs gfdji gfoari sôni saoråb pbrb hbrbotfzbr s n ~ r f i sb nis prigudtiras y hbstis ikrarfnas ao haoarbn, parivaoåb b pnbotabrsa an priknaeb ga ebqufobrfb y ga

ebtarfbn gfvarsi dbn, sunlbti ga dikra. nfebs, ebdja-tas, trbdtiras, dbo2fioas, atd.), y b pasbr ga nb drfsfs, ga

gfvfsbs, an Astbgi pugi fepirtbr aotra 26:= y 26:;pbrta ga asta ebtarfbn, pir nis efso2is kbodis, b trb-

væs ga nbs dâebrbs bhrådinbs y eagfbota diodasfôo gabnhuobs nfdaodfbs pbrb qua nis hrbogas kaoalfdfbrfisga drægftis dbepasfois pugfarbo fo2pirtbr vajådunis ygfstgkufrnis b nis bhrfduntiras y bgefofstrbgiras ga

hrbogas lfodbs axpnitbdfioas) ga diodasfôo astbtbn.pbrb su beirtfzbdfôo b dirti pnbzi.

Diei raluarzi b lbvir ga nbs iparbdfioas dragftf-

dfbs gan Kbodi ga Gasbrrinni, y diei dio2pnaeaotisustbodfisi ga nbs fepirtbdfioas nfdaodfbgbs, tbekfæo

ao an prfear trfaofi gan Hinpa ga Nfkartbg an Astbgi sajb kaoalfdfbgi ga uob fepirtbota gisfs ga giob-

dfioas0 pir acaepni, nb óntfeb raeasb oirtabo2arfdbobga eâs ga dfoduaotb trbdtiras eigarois, qua an Hi-kfaroi jb gfstrfkufgi b nbs bhrupbdfioas rurbnas. Tfo




aekbrhi, tigbs astbs sbnfgbs, buo dubogi jbo sfgi uobnfvfi y uo aståeuni eirbn pbrb an Hikfaroi, oi jbogaspacbgi nis isduris oukbrrioas qua aosiekradao anpboirbeb kbodbrfi, puas sikra tigi an Kbodi ga Dræ-gfti y Gasbrrinni sfhua sfaogi uob fostftudfôo fosbtfs-ladjb, qua of fodraeaotb sus fotarasas of raduparb niqua hbstb, dio uo bnuvfôo ga gaugiras. ¹]ir quæ astbsftubdfôo9 ]irqua sus luodfiobrfis jbo sfgi sfaepradirruptis. Asparaeis qua nbs ouavbs eagfgbs gan Hi-kfaroi, fospfrbgbs ao nis eiganis ga nis Kbodis ga

Âlrfdb Daotrbn, rasuanvbo astb drfsfs b eagfi pnbzi, tbndiei sa astâ vfsnuekrbogi. Drai n n a ~ b g i an eieaotiao qua nb kbodb ao Hufoab Adubtirfbn, ao haoarbn, y anKbodi ga Drægfti y Gasbrrinni, ao pbrtfdunbr, sa gitaoga tigis nis eagfis ga sahurfgbg qua hbrbotfdao suparsiobnfgbg, sarfagbg y sinvaodfb, diei sio3 nb rahu-nbdfôo ga nbs bdtfvfgbgas ga nb fostftudfôo, nbs fospad-dfioas diotrinbgirbs ga sus bdtfvis, nb prasaodfb gauo kbodi daotrbn ilfdfbn gastfobgi b pritahar b nbs ga¸eâs fostftudfioas ga pisfkna drfsfs i qufakrbs, ttdof-dis aspadfbnfzbgis, bddfiofstbs lfrotds, sidfis axta¸rfiras sinvaotas, irhbofzbdfôo y gdou^s. Tôni uså sasonvbrâ an dbpftbn kbodbrfi.

Jbstb bqul pfaosi qua jb quagugi axpuastb uob hni-sb pboirâefdb dnbo.^ sikra nb rt bnfgbg odtuun ganeao lfobodfari ga nbs fostftudfiot3s a ¸ioôo2fdbs gaHufoab Adubtirfbn, r æ h f o 2 . ~ o sdosfkndrodoj. pradbrfijbstb an 8= pir 2== ga su gfooefs2oi. Bjuru kfao,quagb, oi ikstbota, uob prahuotb ao an bfra3 ¹quæ i^.¸u-rra. i quæ jb i d ~ u r r f g i , dio nb sbnfgb ga Hufoab A n ~ u b -tirfbn jbdfb an axtarfir9 ¹Duân jb sfgi an vinutoao gabyugb axtrbocarb b Hufoab Adubtirfbn ga 2686 b jiy9

Gaspuæs gan Hinpa ga Astbgi ga 2686 nb bgrofofstrb-dfôo riepfô euy prioti dio an bfsnbdfiofsei ioddobnpbrb gbr pbsi bn gaspnfahua fotarobdfiobn gan pbås. Nbhastfôo axtarfir aepraogfgb pir an Astbgi tfaoa su

eâ.xfei axpioaota ao nb bsfstaodfb tædofdb axtrbocarb,diostftufgb pir nis pbåsas befhis y irhbofseis póknf-dis fotarobdfiobnas. b Bgefofstrbdfôo ]óknfdb ao as¸tis eieaotis trbtb ga eiotbr uob astrbtahfb ga aquf¸



6 DIOTWBOWFOI IDJBC t E\ KAOHIKATBEB

pbefaoti diotrin gan lnuci ga nb byugb axtarfir pbrbavftbr su gasnfzbefaoti jbdfb uo aogaugbefaoti jfpi-tadbrfi pari dfarti as qua aepraogfaogi luarta rfteiga nb priguddfôo dubnqufar jfpitadb quagbråb astrbohunbgi b lbvir ga Hufoab Adu irfbn puas radursissikrbo.

Nb hastfôo bgefofstrbtfvb axtarfir dunefoô jbdadubtri bòis dio nb danakrbdfôo ao Hfoakrb ga nb Dio-laraodfb ga Giobotas diovidbgb pir an Hikfaroihufoaboi pbtridfobgb pir nbs Obdfioas Qofgbs. NbDiolaraodfb ga Giobotas supusi uob bugfaodfb ga ou-

earisis pbåsas diodursbotas dbgb uoi ga nis dubnasasdihåb nfkraeaota nb dnbsa ga byugb i giobdfôo dioqua gasabkb diotrfkufr b nb rabdtfvbdfôo adioôefdb ganb [apóknfdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn. Astb vinuotbrfagbg diostrudtfvb ga nis Astbgis gfkucô uob fepriotb padunfbr b nb diolaraodfb pir nb dubn nis diodurraotas luario bsuefaogi raspiosbkfnfgbgas¸ lfobodfarbspir ni eaois su bdaptbdfôo taôrfdb ao prfodfpfianfhfaogi dio pralaraodfb prihrbebs y priyadtis gagfvarsbs rbebs sadtirfbnas prfebrfbs saduogbrfbstardfbrfbs as gadfr gaotri ga nb hnikbnfgbg ga nbs

folrbastrudturbs gasbrrinnfstbs qua an Hikfaei huf-oaboi jbkåb prihrbebgi. Oi sa trbtô puas ga uobdiovidbtirfb pbrb dfrduosdrfkfr bduargis diovaofis itrbtbgis dio nis pbåsas sfhobtbrfis ga bjå qua nisdiepriefsis bsuefgis pir bquænnis oi taohbo an db-râdtar vfodunbota ga rfhir fotarobdfiobn qua puaga

prasuefrsa y asti jby qua taoarni ao duaotb b nb jirb

ga avbnubr nbs giobdfioas ga pbåsas. Nb Diolaraodfb ga

Giobotas oi ikstbota sfhoflfdbråb nb eboflastbdfôo

ebtarfbn gan gasai ga axpbosfôo fotarobdfiobn ga Huf-oab Adubtirfbn trbs an bfsnbefaoti iodaobn gasai qua

frruepa ao Hfoakrb dio hrbo ipirtuofsei puasti

qua eudjis ga nis ikcatfvis qua prasaotb an Hikfaroi

hufoaboi bota nbs pitaodfbs sfhobtbrfbs sa vfaoao

rabnfzbogi gasga 2686 gis bòis botas ga nb dftb hfoa-

krfob dubogi eudjis Astbgis yb taoåbo uo pfa aoHufoab Adubtirfbn. Ao asta saotfgi puaga blfrebrsaqua nis gatarefobotas ga vbohubrgfb ga bquannb diola-



HQFOAB ADQ WI[F n ]QNF33. EFDB [A NFG G 66

raodfb jbo sfgi nbs dfrduostbodfbs qua fospfrbo nb bki-nfdfôo gan ræhfeao iodaobn, nb foqufatug obdfiobnfstbgan Hikfaei y nb bdtftug kaoavinaota gan euogi axtarfir, tras eitiras qua diotrfkuyao b nb rabdtfvbdfôoadioôefdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn.

Ao an dbepi ga nb iparbtfvfgbg prbheâtfdb an pritb-hiofsei ga nis irhbofseis fotaebdfiobnas sa jbjadji eâs saosfkna gåb b gåb3 Obdfioas Qofgbs, b trb-væs ga sus gfvarsis prihrbebs y irhbofseis LBI,

IET, ]OQG, QOATDI, IFW, QOFDAL 0 KBI0 DAA0 Dârftbs, Druz [icb ..

Oi eaois fepirtbota as an pbpan qua gasaepaòbobnhuois pbåsas befhis ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn ao adbepi ga nb diiparbdfôo, diei AA. QQ., Lrbodfb, Ebrruadis, Dbearóo y itris, sikra tigi an dbsi bdusb-gbeaota oitirfi ga nb [apóknfdb ]ipunbr ga Djfob,duyb diiparbdfôo dio nb [apóknfdb ga Hufoab Adubti-

rfbn sa blfbozô gasga btrâs.Kbci itri puoti ga vfstb vbnirbtfvi. drftfdi i bobnåtf-

di gakaråb jbknbrsa gan pritbhiofsei ga Aspbòb aoebtarfb ga diiparbdfôo. ]irqua, aotra itrbs rbzioas. anâekfti pinåtfdi y dunturbn ao a qua s dfrduosdrfka nb

fotarbddfôo i an trbti kfnbtarbn ga bekis pbfsas as beaougi fodiosfstaota, b eaougi nnaoi ga fodartfgue-

kra y jbstb ga diotrbgfddfioas0 Hufoab, diei pbås ci-

vao y dfartbeaota bpbsfiobgi pir diosinfgbr su foga¸paogaodfb, astâ pnatôrfdb ga danis obdfiobnfstbs diei

Astbgi civao, y Aspbòb, bota nb bvbnbodjb ga pbfsas

axtrbocaris qua qufarao adnfpsbr su tutiråb eatripinf-

tbob, astâ pnatôrfdb ga danis tbekfæo.

Ikcatfvbeaota jbknbogi, bekbs bdtftugas sio galaogfknas y nahåtfebs. Qo pbås diniofzbgi y gasdiniof-

zbgi bn astfni ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn, qua b n d b o ~ nb fo

gapaogaodfb y astraob pigaras póknfdis dio aotarb }f.

kartbg ga sus astrudturbs vartfdbnas, oi quarråb cbeâs

qua nb bdtftug eatripinftbob sa gasgiknbsa ao pra-

sfioas tanagfrfhfstbs ga nb sikarboåb radfkfgb. V tbnas

danis y radanis diostftuyao nb kbsa aropårfdb pbrbnb bgipdfôo pir bekbs pbrtas ga uob astrbtahfb ga -

taogfefaoti pareboaota, puas nbs ranbdfioas jfspboi-



hufodbobs sa luogbeaotbo sikra •¸blaas jfstôrfdbspriluogbs, sfo nbs dubnas Hufoab Adubtirfbn oi sarfban Astbgi sikarboi qua as jiy. Tf asti oi luasa bsl oi

tdogrlb saotfgi qua gaspuæs gan hinpa ga Astbgi ga

686 an Hikfaroi itirhbsa b Aspbffb an t rbti pralaraodfbn, lraota bn rasti ga nis pblsds gan euogi0 gasgaeuy taeprboi b pinltfdb hukarobeaotbn hufoabob sa

p a r ~ t ô ga qua an aotaogfefaoti dio Aspblnb, ao an pnb-oi kCnbtarbn, oi gakåb gasbrrinnbrsa ebrhfobogi diosf¸

garbogis jfstôrfdis, asti as, b kbsa ga uois diotbdtisga lirtuob, sfoi ao luodfôo ga uo lrbodi gfânihi ga

diodasfioas, bkidbgi bn luturi y dbpbz ga gaspnahbrsaao gis vartfaotas ga oadasfgbg3 an trfkuti gan raspatib nb fogapaogaodfb y sikarboåb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn ynb vinuotbg ga ebotaoar nis vbniras dieuoas y ga lir-cbr y pritahar fotarasas kfnbtarbnas.

b raspuastb ga Aspbòb bn itirhbefaoti gan trbtipralaraodfbn pir Hufoab Adubtirfbn as ao pbrta pisftfvb y ao pbrta gasblirtuobgb. Ta t rbtb ga uob raspuastb dio vbrfbotas. sfaepra diogfdfiobgb y b tioi dionb gflaraota eaotbnfgbg ga nbs parsiobs qua jbo gfrfhfgi nb pinåtfdb gan pbnbdfi ga Tbotb Druz an óntfei

dubtrfaofi. Wbn vaz diovaohb eâs fosfstfr ao nb bdtftugga rapunsb botfoaidiniofbnfstb hufoabob diei an irfhao prfebrfi ga nbs diotrivarsfbs qua ao itrbs disbsfolnuyao i aohaogrbo nb gfstirsfôo ga sus fotarranbdfioas, dio aladtis euy oidfvis. Hufoab Adubtirfbn asuo pbås euy bebota ga su sikarboåb y radjbzb tigb nbfotarlaraodfb eioipinåstfdb axtrbocarb, tboti as bsåqua nbs gaeâs pitaodfbs qua ao nis bnkiras ga nb foga

paogaodfb diospfrbrio diotrb nb diotfoufgbg ga nb tu-tiråb pinåtfdb aspbòinb oi jbo bsuefgi nbs rfaogbs ganraaepnbzi, pirqua pbrb nis hufoabois dbrada ga saotfgi an trbospnbota ga uo oaidiniofbnfsei pir Yitri oai-diniofbnfsei. Ga jadji, gasga an puoti ga v2stb ga nb

diodapdfôo prbheâtfdb ga nb nfkartbg y ga nb fogapaogaodfb, pbrb nb eaotbnfgbg hufoabob nbs focaraodfbs ga

pbåsas axtrbocaris diotrb an irgao obdfiobn y diotrb anaspårftu ga butigatarefobdfôo fovbnfgbo b prfirf bsbyugbs kaoælfdbs y nb diiparbdfôo ga dubnqufar obtu-



fff/OAB {('FCBWIFQB/ F DC/0L.EFD3B. V JF3B/ 2/CBFC CI

rbnazb qua pugfarbo æstis ilradar pirqua sdrlb diei

nb byugb ga uo kbogfgi haoarisi qua sa pbsb pir bef-

hi y dbrftbtfvi i dio atfquatb ga eadaobs. An asplrftuhufoaboi as puas an aspCrftu ga rasj0taodfb lraota bnis diepriefsis diotrb nb butigfraddfôo pinltfdb gan

pbls. Diodratbeaota lraota b Aspbòb an asplrftu ob¸dfiobn ~ u f o a o i aotfaoga qua nb efsfôo dfvfnfzbgirb jbdiodnu2gi pinåtfdbeaota y pareboazdb i oi Aspbòb

ao Hufoab Adubtirfbn an tfeôo ga jahaeioåb diniofbn

ga botbòi oi tfaoa pir quæ pioarsa b sukbstb. b oua-

vb aslarb ga ranbdfioas dio Aspbòb sa sftób ao an âe-

kfti gan pritbhiofsei dunturbn dieóo y kfnbtarbn. bså

diei ao an ga nb prieidfôo y bepnfbdfôo ga nis fota-rasas ga eardbgi3 asta as an saotfgi an saotfgi pnaoi

ga nb pinåtfdb ga itirhbefaoti gan trbti pralaraodfbn

ga qua jb sfgi ikcati pir pbrta hufoabob. Tikra asta

taeb vinvaræ eâs bganbota.\invfaogi sikra nb priknaeâtfdb ga nb diiparbdfôo

jby qua puotubnfzbr qua nb bdtubdfôo ga Aspbòb aoHufoab gasga 686 b jiy as eboflfastb b pasbr ga nis

ouearisis aquåvidis brtflfdfbneaota drabgis pir uobdirrfaota ga ipfofôo huåoaôlikb obdfgb ao Aspbòb y

gastfobgb b gaspfnlbrrbr nbs ranbdfioas ga aotaogf-efaoti.b diiparbdfôo aspbòinb gaka sar cuzhbgi bquå gas-

ga uob parspadtfvb sadtirfbn puas vfstb ao su diocuo-ti prasaotb oukbrrioas qua nb pioao ao aotragfdji.As dfarti qua an gfoari hbstbgi pir Aspbòb pbrb

Hufoab sikrapbsb eudjis efnnioas ao astis eieao-

tis nb lbntb ga gbtis astbgåstfdis fepfga pradfsbr eio-

tis axbdtis pirqua oi jb axfstfgi ofohóo sahufefao-

ti of tbepidi sa jb jadji usi ga bnhuob oirebtfvb

ga diotrin bgefofstrbtfvi. B lbntb ga pbrâeatris nahb-nas ga diotbkfnfgbg uob sarfa ga byugbs y giobdfioas

bpbradao sfo dubotflfdbr ni qua gatarefob su bekf-

hþagbg vbnirbtfvb. ¹]uaga nb Aekbcbgb ga Aspbòb aoEbnbki gbr dflrbs astbgåstfdbs ikcatfvbs sikra nb fo-varsfôo aspbòinb ao Hufoab qua sa bcustao b nbs ea-

eirfbs brdjfvbgbs bn raspadti pir an Efofstarfi huf-oaiadubtirfboi ga ]nboflfdbdfôo .. 9 Ta trbtb ga uob



2 ; DIOTWBOWFOI IDJB B E\A KAOHIKAT E

duastfôo qua gaspfartb an fotaræs y nb durfisfgbg ga nishufoabois pbrb nis qua bgaeâs nb gfsdiotfoufgbgaspbòinb ao an dbsi ga Aekbcbgir rasuntb gasdiodar-tbota ga nb qua sio axpioaota dnbri3 ~ 7 f ` i Wrannas

Bkbg y Oóòaz Tbudi

Ao prfodfpfi nb ebyir pbrta ga nis priyadtis yprihrbebs ga bsfstaodfb ilradfgis pir Aspbòb ao anBduargi Ebrdi lfoobgi ao 2686 26:= y 26:2 luariolfrebgis dio vfstbs b su ebtarfbnfzbdfôo lfobodfarb pirtuaotas dragftfdfbs ga aCavbgi eioti3 nis drægftisLBG. ga nis qua óofdbeaota jbo sfgi kaoalfdfbrfis nisGapbrtbeaotis ga Tbofgbg y ga Bhrfdunturb. An 1= pir2== ga astis liogis oi astâ custfrtabgi ao nb Jbdfaogbga Hufoab of puaga feputbrsa b asa pbås.

Nb diiparbdfôo aspbòinb prasaotb uo sbngi lanfz aonis sadtiras ~ e ~ sboftbrfi. irgao póknfdi •efaotrbs k b`odfôo prastbgb b nis gaeâs sadtiras ysaofdfis jb krfnnbgi pir su dbrâdtar luhbz3 0dtfebsgan bkrbogiifsei lfibodfari tædofdi sio an sadtir ganbs tgadieuofdbdfiias.. an t a l l a s ~ v an ga nbs dieu-ofdb3fiias ebråtfebs.. t fob eboi Iahrb jb sbkfgisfaepra bkirtbr ao an boiofebti nis prihrbebs ga nb

ga Aspbòb dio Hufoab fepfgfaogi nb~ a su i o t f o u f g b g ~ prieefaogi . sfaepraqua puaga an gakfnftbefaoti gan gfânihi pinåtfdi.Bjirb kfao dfarti as qua bn Hikfaroi hufoaboi di -

oaspiiga uo diobti ga raspiosbkfnfgbg ao an diotringr sus pripfb bgefofstrbdfôo0 asta jadji oahbtfwi

tqCtfdb an qua gasga nb lfreb gan Bduargi Ebrdi anHikfaroi hw•forbfE oi jbyb sbkfgi bgiptbr asttbta-p ga sahufefaoti.. diotbkfnfgbg diotrin gan gas-brrinni ga nb diiparbdfii axtrbocarb.

]ari.. ¹pir qua an HikfannnI ga Ebgrfg fodurrfô aonb susparXôi ga nis drægftis LBG b Hufoab d u b t ~rfbn9 As nb prahuotb qua sa jbda ao Hufoab

Easas btrâs an Hikfaroi ga Ebgrfg gaouodfbkb anaigaugbefao2i diorrbågi pir aC Hikfaroi adubtihuf-oaboi. vbnidbgi ao dflrbs qua bsustbo dubogi oi gas-ebybo0 ao astb idbsfôo nis ga nb Eiidnib jbo bnkiri-tbgi bn bekfaota parfigåstfdi aspbòin bn beaobzbr dio



HQFOAB ADQB Q[FBN ]INAEFDB [ABNFGBG I

dftbr bn Dnuk ga ]brås b su fotarnidutir pbrb d u a s t f ~obr nb gaugb bota uob praosb tbo bpbsfiobota dieisinfgbrfb b nb jirb ga aeftfr cufdfis diogaobtirfisdiotrb an Hikfaroi ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn.

Nb suspaosfôo ga nis LBG oi lua pbrb Hufoab nbsbnfgb asparbgb0 pir an diotrbrfi sa asparbkb quaEbgrfg ao an dbsi ga gasdiolfbr i gugbr ga nb Bgef-ofstrbdfÔo hufoabob pripusfasa ouavbs irfaotbdfioasprihrbeâtfdbs pbrb bsahurbr nb diiparbdfôo diosfstaotas asaodfbneaota ao nb anfefobdfôo i suparbdfôo

ga nis ikstâdunis y ga tigis nis yarris qua jukfasaoebnihrbgi an æxfti ga nbs ranbdfioas adioôefdbs pravfstbs ao 26:= Dio nb suspaosfôo gurbota dardb gagis bòis ga nis L G nb diiparbdfôo pbsbkb b sulrfr uodinbpsi. ¹ qufæo kaoalfdfbrio asis nbrhis pbræotasfsga rupturb pinåtfdb y ga ratrbsi ga nb diiparbdfôo9

obgfa. ]irqua sf nb gaugb axtarfir ga Hufoab as luarta y dradfaota. tboti eâs oadasbrfi rasuntb urhaota an

p ~ a T T ga aqufpbefaoti y ga drabdfôo i rajbkfnftbdfôo ga nbs folrbastrudturbs. Obgb rasuanva nb pbrbnf-edfôo. y dio annb sôni sa jb diosahufgi astradjbr andardi gan aogaugbefaoti a ~ t a r f i r hufoaboi.

Wboti nb diiparbdfôo diei nbs ranbdfioas u f o ~aspbòinbs ao haoarbn bndbozbråbo uo titbn æxfti sfquagbsao suparbgis nis pracufdfis y gasdiolfbozbsqua gasvfrtóbo nb befstbg ga bekis pbåsas. raspatbogi prfirftbrfbeaota nb vinuotbg pinåtfdb ga bekispuaknis ebtarfbnfzbgb pir nbs vfsftbs rabnfzbgbs bHufoab pir nis sikarbois aspbòinas gaspuæs ga 2686nbs prfearbs nna^-bgbs b dbki pir nis eiobrdbs aspbòinas b as a pbås.

Ao ni qua raspadtb b nb sftubdfôo adioôefdb y bgefofstrbtfvDny nb tôofdb giefobota as an btadofdfsei. quaas uoi ga nis ebnas dnbvas qua galfoao an eieaotidråtfdi qua Hufoab vfva Nis pnbotabefaotis diotrbasta ebn jbo sfgi bkirtbgis robrhfobneaota pir nb Bg-

efofstrbdfôo ] ó k n f d b ~ jbstb asta eieaoti oi jb sadti-rfbnfzbgi dio rfhfgaz eagfgbs bgefofstrbtfvbs quapuagbo pbnfbr b nbrhi pnbzi an priknaeb gan btadofdfsei of pnboflfdbgi nb axpnitbdfôo ga nis radursis



juebois a fotanadtubnas ga qua sa gfs¡xea. Gasga uob

patspadtjb asaod fbnow-ota bgefofstrbtfvb y prbheâtf -db nis Efofstarfis sa pao bnbG ga asa btadofdfsei b n

kirb ga aepfaugar nb hastfôo kuridrâtfdb y prihrbeâ.ôd3b ]ari eâs bladtbgbs pir an btadofdfsei astâo nbsÅFFÅrbasQudnurb ga tigis nis ôrgaoas gan gasbrrinni

s i d f i a d i • ~ • o f d i kirfeitbn As nb bohustfb qua pbgadaan dbepi p t igudtf^ = y nbkirbC ao haoarbn Nis h¡•åoab~ j o paonfgi nb distuekra ga t rbkbcbr gaotri ga XC

irgao i i`fefdi n a h f s n b e ~ i nb drfsfs iidaobn lirzôtbn sftubdfôi ni qÓa i e p ~ t a an gasbrrinni tædofdi

ga nb Bgefofstrbdfôo hnikbn An Hikfaroi y nis pidisbgefofstrbeis qua k ~ ~ ao an pbås tripfazbo dio as-dinnis0 nwoobois gflfdfneaota gaskirgbknas pbrb gas-brrinnbr nb drabtofgbg y nb prigudtj0gbg. y pbrb gbran sbnti bn pnaoi raogfefaoti.

As an btadofdfsei. ao galfoftjrb. an ikstâduni eâstrbfdåiiari gaotri ga nb bgefofstrbdfôo fotarobdfiobn diei gan pripfi Hikfaroi. diotrb an qua sa jbosusdftbgi bdusbdfioas a fodnaeaotas drftfdbs ga gas-rfrtubdfôi.

Gasga n puoti ga vfstb psfdinôhfdi. jby qua fogf-dbr qua axfsta bóo an efagi b nb fovarsfôo pir pbrtagan dbpftbn axtrbocari. fogadfsi i vbdfnbota, gasga nb

danakrbdfôo ga nb Diolaraodfb ga Giobotas. ¹Ga quætfaoao efagi nis fovarsiras qua bdugao b Hufoab9 ¹Gaoi iktaoar kaoalfdfis i ga pargar su dbpftbn9 ¹Ga nbsiknfhbdfioas trfkutbrfbs9

Nb feprasfôo haoarbn as qua sa tfaoa efagi bn lbo-tbseb ga nb drfsfs iodaobn. dio nb qua quagô bofqufnbgi an dbpftbn prfvbgi. ]ari gfdji lbotbse b yb oi tfaoarbzôo ga sar, pirqua nbs nayas hufoabobs sio dbgb vazeâs ikcatfvbst nfkarbnas y pareabknas b nis dbekfis yaxfhaodfbs ga nb adioieåb.

Gasga an puoti ga vfstb nbkirbn y prigudtfvi, sa ra -

hfstrbo tbekfæo priknaebs psfdinôhfdis ao nb piknbdfôo bdtfvb qua fepfgao an raogfefaoti pnaoi y rb-

dfiobn Qoi ga astis priknaebs as an bndijinfsei y andiosuei ga grihbs, laoôeaois euy axtaogfgis ao ti-gb nb haihrblåb obdfiobn. An dieardfi tixfdôeboi astâ



euy axtaogfgi. b pasbr ga su prijfkfdfôo nahbn. Nb pi-knbdfôo bdtfvb hufoaiadubtirfbob diosuea eudji nbgrihb kbohb fodnufgis luodfiobrfis y astugfbotas.

Eudjbs ga nbs dbusbs qua gflfduntbo bdtubneaota nbpuastb ao ebrdjb ga uo ræhfeao nbkirbn oirebn yraotbkna sio ga irfhao sidfbn y sôni uo pridasi ga fo-^¸arsfioas prigudtfvbs y ga gfsdfpnfob nbkirbn rastbkna-

daråb nb raspiosbkfnfgbg eirbn qua oadasftb nb piknb-

dfôo bdtfvb. puas tigb fovarsfôo prigudtfvb dionnavb

su diotfohaota ga luarzbs astfeunbotas qua fepioao

nbs distuekras aeprasbrfbnas b sahufr pbrb bndbozbrnis ikcatfvis parsahufgis. Gasblirtuobgbeaota an efa-

gi psfdinôhfdi gan fovarsir suana daòfrsa dbsf sfaeprasikra nb ilartb ga bdtubdfôo ga nb gfraddfôo pinftfdb.

otas ga darrbr asta dbpåtuni as oadasbrfi gacbr aodnbri gis disbs3 nb prfearb as qua nb diiparbdfôo

axtrbocarb jb diotrbågi eærftis ao Hufoab Adubtirfbnsikra nis qua gakarfbo bsaotbrsa nis luogbeaotis gasu diotfoufgbg ao gfânihi dio an pbås bolftrfôo. Ao sa-huogi nuhbr nb psfdisfs ga lrbdbsi qua eitfvb nb gas-diolfbozb y an efagi psfdinôhfdi ga nbs eaotas aspadu-nbtfvbs axtrbocarbs oi tfaoa eâs luogbeaotis qua nisjâkftis ga dirrupdfôo saosfknaeaota raprfefknas quadbrbdtarfzbo b nis luodfiobrfis póknfdis pirqua gas-ga nb parspadtfvb gan Astbgi uo bdiotadfefaoti jb sa-

òbnbgi dio dnbrfgbg nb befstbg qua qufara taoar nb [a-póknfdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn dio nis gaeâs pbåsas3 nbDiolaraodfb ga Giobotas.

Ao galfoftfvb ao an irgao adioôefdi nbs diirgaob¸gbs gan gasbrrinni sio bddfôo y priyaddfôo eâs quauob folrbastrudturb drabgb y gasbrrinnbgb. Anni as ô

hfdi gbgi qua Hufoab Adubtirfbn astâ dioqufstbogi su

aqufpbefaoti qua as nb hbrbotfb ga uo irgao adioô-efdi astbkna y oi puaga anugfr pardfkfr byugb axta-rfir pbrb bsahurbr gfdji aqufpbefaoti sf piogarb-

eis su sftubdfôo dio rabnfsei. Jbstb aodiotrbr uopbtrôo prigudtfvi dbpbz ga bsahurbr su bkbstadfefao-ti an pbås jbkrâ ga rasfhobrsa dio nb rabnfzbdfôo ga as-

luarzis. Diovfaoa taoar tbekfæo ao duaotb qua nb pa-ourfb adioôefdb oi as uo ebn prfvbtfvi ga Hufoab



Adubtirfbn. s prigudti ga uob drfsfs o2âs axtaosb quabdtubneaota diostftuya an hrbo bzita ga nis pbåsasfolrbaqufpbgis.

]ir ni gaeâs sa pradfsb puotubnfzbr qua an irgaoadioôefdi obdfiobn diostftuya an hrbo ikcatfvi ganHikfaroi qua jb puasti btaodfôo aspadfbn ao an sadtirbhripadubrfi pritadtir obturbn gan fogustrfbn y di-

eardfbn sfo gasdufgbr nis boânfsfs diodarofaotas b uobgfvarsfgbg ga bspadtis ranbtfvis b nb prigudtfvfgbg di-

einb pinåtfdb sbnbrfbn nb prasupuastbdfôo ga nb byugb

lbefnfbr nb bgipdfôo gan sfstaeb ga dbpbdftbdfôo pri-lasfiobn qua gasga nis prfearis eieaotis gan Hinpaga Nfkartbg ga 2686 jbstb nb bgipdfôo gan lrbodi blrf-dboi sa vfaoa axprasbogi ao nb gatarefobdfôo gadialfdfaotas qua efgao y lfcbo nis suangis kbsa. u-

rbo ta an sahuogi saeastra ga 26:4, nbs Diefsfioas

Adioôefdbs hukarobeaotbnas ao kbsa b nbs axparfao-dfbs y radieaogbdfioas diotaofgbs ao uo bepnfi fo-

lirea adioôefdi qua gasdrfka nb rabnfgbg hufoabob

lbdfnftbgi y anbkirbgi pir an Liogi Eioatbrfi Fotar-obdfiobn pbrb nb [apóknfdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn pra-saotbrio bn pnaoi gan acadutfvi uo pnbo trfaobn 26:4-26:<) ga rabdtfvbdfôo adioôefdb âhfn ao kbsa b uob

astrbtahfb ga liogi y sahufefaoti. Gasga aotiodas anHikfaroi vfaoa aepucbogi b nis irhbofseis póknfdis

jbdfb nb puastb ao ebrdjb ga nb fepnaeaotbdfôo gaeagfgbs ga pinåtfdb adioôefdb ga irgao prâdtfdi pbrblieaoti ga nis prigudtis ga axpirtbdfôo dblæ dbdbididis y gaeâs kbci nis buspfdfis y hbrbotåbs pritad-

dfiofstbs gan Wasiri ]óknfdi ga folrbastrudturbs curå-gfdbs puastbs bn gåb a fovarsfioas pradfsbs trbgudfgbsao drægftis ao aladtfvi lfobodfbdfôo ga nbs folrbas-

trudturbs ga fosuebs y aqufpis. óntfebeaota an i-

kfaroi jb fofdfbgi tbekfæo itri prihrbeb pbrbnani

diosfstaota ao irfaotbr tædofdb y curågfdbeaota bn jie-

kra gan dbepi jbdfb an trbkbci eboubn luogbeaotbn-eaota nis duntfvis ga bnfeaotis y nb dråb ga bofrobnas.

Astb pinåtfdb adioôefdb foluoga iptfefsei y pfao-si qua su lrbdbsi taogrâ nuhbr sôni sf nbs luarzbs lf-

obodfarbs diovidbgbs rahbtabsao su bpiyi.



fn//Ot3B F3"Dn B WI[FBF.. F,INAEFDB [ABN/n?BFC 2 8

Nb drfsfs iodaobn jb o2brdbgi juannbs gflldfnas ga ki-rrbr ao nbs distuekras ao nis eigis ga vfgb ga nbsidfagbg y ofvan fostftudfiobn. Eudjbs distuekrasaxôtfdbs jbo nnahbgi b bgqufrfr hrbo sinfgaz dio antrbosdursi ga nis bòis gaotri ga uois eingas fgainô-hfdis obgb butôdtiois. ]ir acaepni3 nb bkinfdfôo ga

nis oiekras ga pfnb sa axtaogfô pir tigi an pbfs ao nisbòis sataotb custflfdbgb pir uob prataogfgb bdtftugblrfdboôlfnb y psaugipbtrfôtfdb taogaota b btripa-nnbr vbniras ga trbgfdfôo drfstfbob nacis ga taoar ao

duaotb qua nb obdfôo hufoaiadubtirfbob as prigudtiga uo gatarefobgi diotaxti jfstôrfdi dunturbn.

Qo laoôeaoi ga irgao sidfbn qua suksfsta diei ra-nfqufb ga nb drfsfs iodaobn as nb dirrfaota botf-fotanadtubnfstb qua gasvfrtób nb folnuaodfb y an trbkbcigan jiekra dunti. An irfhao ga asta laoôeaoi dio-vfaoa ranbdfiobrni dio nbs diovunsfioas y nudjbs ga -hbs pinåtfdbs qua frruepfario dio nb fogapaogaodfb ysus aladtis diotfoóbo folnuyaogi sikra tigi ao an kb-ci puakni a fodnusi ao nb dnbsa luodfiobrfbn ga asdbsblirebdfôo. Asta saotfefaoti botffotanadtubnfstb jb sf-gi an eôvfn prfodfpbn ga nb qufakrb gan pbås.

b gfoâefdb gan dbekfi sidfbn pbrb gfnudfgbrsaoa-dasftb sar iksarvbgb y sapbrbgb pir diepbrtfefaotis

astbodis puasti qua oi sa eboflfastb dio jieiha-oafgbg ao tigbs sus lbdatbs. Nb Fhnasfb pir acaepni

qua bdbkb ga astbr ao r¸ufobs bgefofstrbtfvbs y gaitris ôrgaoas jb aepraogfgi ao pidis bòis axtrbir-gfobrfbs ralirebs qua astâo jbdfaogi saosfknas fe-pbdtis ao an pbås.

Gurbota nb drfsfs iodaobn nb dnbsa luodfiobrfbn luasfaogi radnufgb ao nbs axpnitbdfioas bhrådinbs. Ao as-tis eieaotis astb sftubdfôo jb quagbgi gaspacbgb0gfdjb dnbsa diostftuya uo dårduni sidfbn qua bgaeâs

ga gapaogar ga nbs oôefobs prasupuastbrfbs ilfdfbnas

ebofpunb an dieardfi obdfiobn dio hrbogas vaotbcbsga bjå qua rasunta knbodi ga nb aovfgfb y radanis ga nbdnbsa trbkbcbgirb eboubn qua va ao nis luodfiobrfisuob pisfdfôo ga prfvfnahfi pbrb bddagar bn kfaoastbradioôefdi. An trbkbci gan gaspbdji ga nb ilfdfob sf



=: DIOTW3tOWFOQ IDJB 3 7 E^rn3¸ KAOHIKATBEB

hua diostftuyaogi an ebyir btrbdtfvi nbkirbn ga nbebyirfb dfugbgbob gan pbls pirqua gb bddasi bn dbr-hi pinltfdi y b nb asdbnbgb gan rbohi sidfbn, ga bjl anbkbogiofsei i an gasgæo dio qua sa tieb nb prigud-dfôo.

Ao astis eieaotis nis priknaebs eâs nfhbgis dionb irhbofzbdfôo an gasbrrinni sidfbn astâo aodubgrb-gis ao nis ebrdis ralirefstbs gan Astbgi, qua nudjbpir suparbr nbs hrbogas gflfduntbgas ga bnicbefaoti

pir astbknadar kbsas fostftudfiobnas eigarobs gapnaob fotahrbdfôo prieidfôo ga nb eucar) dfvfn b nb nuz

ga nbs diosfhobs ga nis garadjis ga nbs parsiobs qua ra-diha nb Dbrtb ga B`iofka.

Ao an pnboi fostftudfiobn, nb gfoâefdb gan dbekfiobdfiobn vfaoa sagfeaotbogi axparfaodfbs hrbogasprihrasis. b ebyir bdtubnfgbg ga gfdjbs axparfao-dfbs tfaoa su eacir ranfava y as lirzisi radioidarnibså sfo pbnfbtfvis ao nb vinuotbg dinadtfvb ga nb ob-dfôo duyb axprasfôo jb sfgi jbda tras bòis rukrfdbgbdio ebyósdunb pir uo diosaosi ga ebsbs, an qua jb

gadfgfgi an hfri jbdfb nb gaeidrbdfb. b eboflastb-

dfôo ebtarfbn eâs fepirtbota ga nb gfoâefdb ga dbe-

kfi sio nis brquatfpis pinftfdis vartfdbnas ga gfraddfôogan Astbgi y gan acardfdfi ga nb sikarbolb obdfiobn,

qua oi sio ofohóo fovaoti hufoaboi, sfoi fostrueao-tis diovaodfiobnas y radtiras ga dubnqufar Astbgi ga

Garadji ga dubnqufar sidfagbg gaeidrbtfzbota3 nbDâebrb ga nis [aprasaotbotas gan ]uakni, nb Dirta

Tupraeb ga Custfdfb, an Acadutfvi.

¹]ir quæ bdaptô an pbls an dbekfi9 ]brb hikarobrsa

dio irgao, sahóo uo eigani ga Astbgi bgiptbkna b nbsdbrbdtaråstfdbs obdfiobnas0 pbrb bsuefr irgaobgbeao-ta nb sikarboåb bpraogar b sikrannavbr uob eirbn dåvf-db pripfb y pioar ao ebrdjb an acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbg

obdåiobn.



\F

][I OITFT

Gfdao qua nis ârkinas fepfgao var an kisqua. ]arieâs dfarti as qua sfo ârkinas oi jby kisquas. Bekbsbsavarbdfioas puagao sar bdaptbknas puas obgb tfaoaga axtrbòi fgaotflfdbr an tigi dio sus pbrtas. ]brb nb[apóknfdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn tigi sio pnbotab-efaotis gasga an Hinpa ga Nfkartbg ga 2686, dubogi anpbås prasaotbkb uo pboirbeb ga vfstb sfo trbospbrao-dfb qua pareftfarb vfsnuekrbr an luturi aofheâtfdi

gukftbtfvi. Dbnebgb nb taepastbg iodaobn an dbekfibpbrada sikrasbturbgi ga priknaebs y luartas gflfdun-tbgas adioôefdbs. ]ari ofohóo Astbgi puaga bsuefrdio æxfti an acardfdfi ga su sikarboåb sfo botas gaskir-gbr nbs kbrrarbs jatarihæoabs qua nb diolfhurbo. Qo

Astbgi as nb kósquagb fodasbota ga lfoas y ikcatfvispripfis ga su sar gfdjb kósquagb as pir luarzb an gavaofr ga su jfstirfb gaotri ga asa gavaofr puaga gbr-sa uob pbrbgicb3 nis pripôsftis priyadtis u ikcatfvisparsahufgis aotrbo ao diotrbgfddfôo dio nis nihris irasuntbgis. Rufara gadfrsa qua nis ikcatfvis pradioda-

kfgis, qua sio uo pnbo oi sfaepra difodfgao dio anrasuntbgi qua sa bndbozb qua as nb rabnfgbg. ]nbo

rabnfgbg puagao suparpioarsa diotrbgadfrsa rapanar-sa, pbrb qua anni oi idurrb as oadasbrfi an radursi bnb axparfaodfb botas ga lfcbr eiganis bkstrbdtis gadiogudtbs y aepraogar nb kósquagb ga lfoas0 dio nisgbtis ga b axparfaodfb sa sanaddfiobo eiganis ip

dfiobnas ga bdtubdfôo bpnfdbknas bn eieaoti qua savfva. ]brb drabr uob folrbastrudturb dio ditbs ga raotbkfnfgbg y eâs i eaois gurbgarb sa pradfsb uob sa-



2 = DIOTWBOWFOI IDFFB 3 E ^ ~ ~ ¸ K A O H I K F ~ T E

nadn fôo ga ~ x p d r f d o d f s pbsbgbs pb 2 b bhrahbrnbs b nbsfotufdfioas gan p r t ~ s d o t a y prihrbo2br an luturi, nb lrus-trbdfôo ga æsta as prigudti ga ikstâdunis fepravfsfknas.

b bsidfbdfôo ga nbs axparfaodfbs dio Cbs ouavbs -tufdfioas bkstrbdtbs gatarefob an eigani ga folrbas-trudturb b bgiptbr ao an irgao sidfbn, fostftudfiobn iprigudtfvi, y astb folrbastrudturb oi as sfoi uo pri-yadti, uo fgabn y uo brquatfpi ga diogudtb duyb bpnf-dbdfôo as fogflaraota, yb qua puaga sar lanfz i tripazbry o2bnihrbrsa bota nis ikstâdunis fepravfstis, nis

dubnas b eaougi bntarbo an dursi ga nis bdiotadfefao-tis y o2itfvbo nbs diotrbgfddfioas qua ikstruyao nb br-eioåb aotra an lfo oikna parsahufgi y nb folrbastrudtu-rb asdihfgb pbrb su nihri. b jfstirfb as bså, ga sbkfbi ga oadfb.

b [apóknfdb ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn as uo Astbgi ci-vao, y pir sarni oadasftb uo pridasi axparfeaotbn gabutiirhbofzbdfôo, ao tigis nis pnbois, pbrb acardar susikarboåb y blfrebr su fogapaogaodfb. Nis priknaebseâs gflådfnas ga suparbr sa ranbdfiobo dio su sidfagbg

y su adioieåb. ]ari tboti nb adioieåb diei nb pinå-tfdb y nb dunturb sio asnbkioas ga uob efseb dbgaob,qua as nb rabnfzbdfôo ga nis lfoas ga nb sidfagbg. Diei

ao tigb nb haipinåtfdb fotaebdfiobn ga jiy, nis dio-daptis botarfiras dunturb, adioieåb, pinåtfdb) dubogisa ebtarfbnfzbo y sa trboslirebo ao nihris pisftfvis

radfkao an oiekra ga gasbrrinni.Gasga an puoti ga vfstb fotrbeuogboi, gasbrrinni sa

fgaotflfdb dio lraduaodfb dio nis hrbogas nihris adi-oôefdis qua sa gastfobo b lfoas tbekfæo fotrbeuogb-ois. I sab, an rasuntbgi ga bueaotbr nis kfaoas obtu-rbnas b trbvæs gan trbkbci. ]ari gasbrrinni as tbekfæoparladdfiobefaoti ga nb parsiob, ga nb dieuofgbg df-vfn0 as agudbdfôo y dunturb0 as ebguraz pinåtfdb, atd.

Ta trbtb, puas, ga uo tærefoi ga gikna vartfaota, nb

ebtarfbn nb aspfrftubn, bekfvbnaodfb qua dbrbdtarf-zb bn puakni hufoaboi.

Diei yb ja gfdji botas, oi axfsta ouodb hbrbotåbs bprfirf ga bddagar bn gasbrrinni nfkra ga aekrinnis yikstâdunis0 oi jby uo dbefoi radtfnåoai ao så, ni qua



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN ]INAEFDB [ABNFGBG

as radtb as nb vinuotbg y nb fotaodfôo tigi gapaoga bvadas gan bzbr jfstôrfdi b vadas ga nb fohaoufgbg tirpazb y jbkfnfgbg ga nis jiekras ga bddfôo y ga nb pripfb sidfagbg pbrb suparbr ikstâdunis qua nnahbo ao

lireb ~ grbeb ga trbhagfb ga drfsfs atd.Bjirb kfao3 pir nbs axparfaodfbs axtrbågbs ao nb gf

oâefdb blrfdbob ga dbekfis sidfipinåtfdis ao nis óntfeis vafota bòis jb pigfgi bpradfbrsa uo oódnai ga

lbdtiras qua fepfgao i dieprieatao nb rabnfzbdfôo

gan fgabn ga gasbrrinni3

An b tadofdfsei.b luhb ga darakris.

Nb foastbkfnfgbg pinåtfdb.

- Nbs fotriefsfioas axtrbocarbs.- An trfkbnfsei.- Nb fodunturb y an bobnlbkatfsei.

Ao an aotiroi sidfbn hufoaboi astis lbdtiras sio nbsaòbn foaquåvidb ga qua an pbås jbkrâ ga rabnfzbr fohaotas asluarzis pbrb sbtfslbdar sus gaebogbs y acardar gfhobeaota su sikarboåb. Ao asta saotfgi nb agudbdfôo astâ nnbebgb b gasaepaòbr uo pbpan prfeir-

gfbn dio annb an trbkbci an irgao fostftudfiobn anpbtrfitfsei y nb diodfaodfb dåvfdb. ]ir nb agudbdfôo sa

rasuanva an priknaeb gan b tadofdfsei. ]ir nb uofgbgobdfiobn sa rasuanva an ga nis efdriobdfiobnfseis trfkbnfstbs dfâofdis y ætofdis. ]brb silidbr nbs alaeærf-

gas qua dieprieatao nb nfkartbg an irgao y an gasbrrinni fotahrbn agudbdfiobn pbtrfitfsei uofgbg trb-

kbci y diodfaodfb dåvfdb oi sio uob ipdfôo i bntarob-

tfvb sfoi uob oadasfgbg foanugfkna. Tf Hufoab oi sarasinvfarb b gbr vfgb b astis anaeaotis prfebrfis suluturi sarâ dbgb vaz gflådfn.

Gaspuæs ga nb axparfaodfb iodaobn an aqufnfkrfi ga

nis dbekfis gaka gasdbosbr sikra an pbtrôo ga nb uof

gbg obdfiobn nb praefsb ebyir gan sfnihfsei gan gasbrrinni y gan prihrasi pir uob rbzôo ætfdb y tbekfæo

pir uob rbzôo prâdtfdb. ]ir asta prfodfpfi ga uofgbgHufoab Adubtirfbn lua prieivfgb b obdfôo fogapao-



; DIOTW OWFOI IDJ B E\A KAOHIKAT E

gfaota y sikarbob, kbci uob sinb kbogarb, uob efsebdunturb y nbs efsebs nayas. Wigis nis pblsas blrfdboistfaoao ipfofioas uy diodirgbotas bdardb ga nb bd-

dfôo diniofbn y su bgjasfôo b nis prfodfpfis ga nb IQB

as uoâofea.

An prfodfpfi ga nb nfkartbg sôni as dfvfneaota rabnfzbkna pir nb vlb fostftudfiobn, sfo nb dubn tbepidi sa

sistfaoa an Astbgi of sa rabnf8.b nb agudbdfôo dfugbgbob.

Nb lôro2unb ga nb vlb fostftudfiobn oi tfaoa diotrb-

pbrtfgos, sa drfhn' ao ipn.¸fôo sinftbrfb pbrb bndbozbrik-

,catfvis suparfiras, n ~ i o 2 i nu custfdfb, nb fhubngbg, atd.sfhois foaqulvidis gan pnaoi gasbr¸rinni y pistunbgisga nu uutidndtdrotfobdfôo.

Ao uo puls sukgasbrrinnbgi as uo arrir gfsidfbr nbsfolrudstrudturbs prigun¸tfvus y ndhfsnbtfvus ga nbs dgun'Qtfvos. Nu t•gun'Qn'fôo oi rasuanva drfsfs diyuoturbnasi n l j o ~ o n s , 2 t • u d . ~ ~ l d d . ¸ t i s f b o p u d . ~ n i s o2âs pdro2bodotds

.v sft3rop n t uogj.3¸fiou ~ f t u u ~ f i o . n T eâs lu.turbsBn ujsdtv2u¸ k• rt bjgbg s > Z ~ t i d d i o ô o u n ¸ b hu2odoob,

tigus sus priluogbs nuhuoos sa et• pbtaotfzbo gasgaur^is btrâs pdru oi gdsn.¸urti Fo pisfkfnfgbg ga qua uo

dioi'-'dgit¸ g ~ Fo a > ¸ioionnu tdo3dro2uogfstb u itri

ast•rftur ga tarobs sid3fond.'s. aoo2f

nuhbr, utfnfzorlboInf IT t3naonDnnj?T gn• uoônfsfs porb astugfbr nbs efsebsn'iirgaougus ga gasbrrinni. Ao ef b p r d n ~ f b d f ô o vaitiguvtu t•o H u f o ~ u uo o f v ~ n ga diosutoi rutfobrfi,

unoo2kfdugi. g a l f ~ f d . ¸ o t d 0 vai qua nis radursis, b lbntbgt¸n bjirri, Tn gn¸stfobo t•ouo n d v o g i p i o 3 ~ o t o c n ¸ bn dio-suroi gdsprupio3fiounonn Ind supt•rfir b nb fovarsfôo yb nu priguN¸tfvfgog. An t¸opftbn oi dran.'D', i oi ni jby. Npiknorfôo u h r å > . ~ i n u lbaob dio tædofdbs pikras, ftoprigudtfvos. dbrhbgbs ga prjoftfvaz. Bsfstaebtfs2oi nbki-

run ('o Cu bhrfdunturb. Btadofdfstoi haoarbn y drôofdi.

Nb fogustrfb y nis sarvfdfis ao lbsa touy btrbsbgb. N'nrt•otb as uob o•otb pripfbtoaota ga suksfstaodfb.

Anlbdtir bnfo2aotfdfi bksirka an 6= pir 2== gan prasupuasti lbefnfbr y as pikra ao pritafobs. Nb pinåtfdb

dragftfdfb sfhua foastbkna i fosahurb. Kbci raogfefao-ti fotanadtubn v galfdfaota bgfastrbefaoti tædofdi ga



HQFOA ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFD [A NFG G 4

nis sarvfdfis ga dieuofdbdfioas. ]ari gis ebnas pbra-

dao ravastfr bdtubneaota ebyir hrbvagbg y urhaodfb3

nb axdasfvb gapaogaodfb axtarfir, qua fepnfdb an ebo-

taofefaoti ga nb luarta tbsb ga fepirtbdfôo ga nis pri-

gudtis kâsfdis, y an btadofdfsei prilasfiobn a fo-gustrfbn, qua diotrfkuya b nb axdasfvb axpirtbdfôo ga

ebtarfbs prfebs. ¹Dôei diekbtfr b eagfi y b nbrhi

pnbzi astis gis ebnas9Tôni uob pagbhihlb tadoinôhfdb y gasbrrinnfstb ilra-

da nb raspuastb lirzisb. Nb asduanb as, eâs qua obgb,

n kbsa ga nb prapbrbdfôo tadoinôhfdb y ga nb fovastfhb-gôo gfradtb bpnfdbkna b nb obturbnazb. An eieaoti bd-tubn sa dbrbdtarfzb pir nb foaxfstaodfb ga uob asduanbuofvarsftbrfb dio2i daotri gan bpraogfzbca, gan axparf-

eaoti y ga nb fovastfhbdfôo. Asti axpnfdb an pbri y nbgalfdfaodfb fotanadtubn, y rastb astfeunbs prilasfiobnas

b nis tædofdis hufoabois agudbgis ao an axtrbocari,

qua dbradao ga eagfis ga raoivbdfôo ga dioidfefao-tis ao an pnboi fovastfhbgir y ao an gan parladdfiob-

efaoti prilasfiobn. Qo daotri ga bpraogfzbca axparf-

eaotbn prieuava sfaepra an fotaræs ga nis agudbgis afodnusi ga nis dfugbgbois ao acardfdfi nbkirbn bdtfvi

pbrb su eivfnfgbg y parladdfiobefaoti prilasfiobn. An

bnueoi gan ]A] oadasftb asta fodaotfvi asdinbr, y tbe-kfæo nis kbdjfnnaras, pbrb anahfr nb prilasfôo ga suvfgb y oi taoar qua fodurrfr ao fo2privfsbdfioas bngaspnbzbrsa bn axtrbocari. dio an rfashi gan lrbdbsi. As

euy gflfdfn qua ao Hufoab sa gasbrrinnao butæotfdbsvidbdfioas prilasfiobnas efaotrbs oi axfstbo asduanbs

uofvarsftbrfbs qua ilrazdbo bntarobtfvbs y ipdfioas vi-n bdfiobnas b nis bnueois.

a aotrbgb, nbs asduanbs uofvarsftbrfbs surhao dioouo2arisbs fodiovaofaodfbs y priknaebs diepnacis,

diei nis qua bdtubneaota pnbotabo nbs asduanbs ga

Ebhfstarfi. ]ari nb bgefofstrbdfôo asdinbr gaka die-praogar qua ni qua ao prfodfpfi sio fodiovaofaotas sa

trboslirebrâ ao kaoalfdfi ga fosispadjbkna bndboda

sidfbnNb asduanb uofvarsftbrfb priguda aladtis foeagfbtis

y aladtis eagfbtis, nis foeagfbtis nb galfoao diei



7 DIOTW OWFOI IDJ B E \A KAOHIKAT E

daotris ga lioobdfôo ga folirebdfôo dfaotålfdb ytædofdb as gadfr diei nb kbsa nb dbpbdftbdfôo pbrbnb fovastfhbdfôo ao gfvarsis dbepis prilasfiobnas di-

ei an bhrådinb an gfgâdtfdi an efoari an lirastbn an

sboftbrfi itris.

Nb pagbhihåb asdinbr uofvarsftbrfb dbpbdftb pbrb an

gasdukrfefaoti bn qua sa nnahb oirebneaota pir an

axparfeaoti an bpraogfzbca. An nihri gan dioidfefao-

ti dfaotålfdi diogudfrâ bn nihri gan dioidfefaoti tædofdi qua pbrb kfao ga nb fovastfhbdfôo jbkrâ ga

dieprieatarsa dio uob pagbhihåb bpripfbgb bn eagfi hufoaboi asti as bptb pbrb lbdfnftbr an diniqufi fo-

tanadtubn dio nbs gfspiofkfnfgbgas aspiotâoabs ganaotiroi.

An lbdtir agudbtfvi fotarasb b nb [apóknfdb gaHufoab Adubtirfbn ao nb efseb eagfgb ao qua fotarasbo tbekfæo itris fepirtbotas fostrueaotis ga gasbrrinni pbrb an gasaovinvfefaoti gan pbås ao an prasaota tbekfæo pbrb su foearsfôo ao an luturi.

As oadasbrfi pnbsebr b nb asduanb uofvarsftbrfb aonb vbohubrgfb ga nis radursis eâs prfirftbrfis pbrb anaqufpbefaoti gaotri ga uob carbrquåb ga fepirtbo-

dfbs3

[adursis obturbnas.[adursis juebois.Aqufpi rabn prigudtfvi.Wadoinihfb.]rihrbebs ga gasbrrinni.

]riyadtis.

n saòbnbr nb hrbo oadasfgbg ga nb asduanb uofvarsftbrfb oi prataogi earebr nb fepirtbodfb ga itris gatarefobotas qua sio vbnfisis pbrb an gasbrrinni. Axfstao itris fogfdbgiras ga ranfava bjirb ao dubnqufareieaoti pir acaepni3 nb pnboflfdbdfôo nb irhbofzb-dfôo gan Astbgi diekfobgb dio nb bddfôo aspiotâoab

nfkra ga nis sucatis adioôefdis0 ao gfdjb diekfob-dfôo sa fepnfdb an pritbhiofsei gan aota póknfdi ganprfvbgi pirqua ao uo pbås ga nbs dbrbdtarlstfdbs ju-



HQFOAB ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFDB V [A NFG G 1

ebobs ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn prfebo tigis nis vbnirasdinadtfvis fodnufgis nis ga irgao suparfir a fotbohf-knas sfo nis dubnas ofohuob lôreunb ga gasbrrinni -

dbozb su lfo rbdfiobn.Tfo aekbrhi an lbdtir agudbtfvi astâ pir aodfeb ga

dubnqufar itri lbdtir haoarbgir gan gasbrrinni. An fo-gfdbgir ga nb agudbdfôo asdinbr sa bpiyb bn ebrhaoga nb luodfôo sidfbn efseb b nb qua astâ nnbebgb bgasaepaòbr nb luodfôo nbkirbn gan prilasfiobn ao anjadji ga qua nb piknbdfôo qua as lfo pritbhiofstb

a fotærprata ga su pripfi gasbrrinni gaka bgqufrfrpir diovaofaodfb nb diogfdfôo ga radursi dubnflfdbgi.b dbpbdftbdfôo gan tædofdi hufoaboi jb ga varflfdbrsa

fo sftu as gadfr ao an pripfi pbås gioga nb asduanbuofvarsftbrfb jb ga dioadtbrsa dio nbs rabnfgbgas foea-gfbtbs ikcati ga dioidfefaoti i ga trboslirebdfôoqua sio nbs gfspiofkfnfgbgas aspiotâoabs.

Nis dioidfefaotis qua sa bgqufarao ao nb asduanbbn bpnfdbrsa aepårfdbeaota sikra nbs ebtarfbs prfebsobdfiobnas diovfartao oadasbrfbeaota b nb asduanb

uofvarsftbrfb prilasfiobnfzbgb y aspadfbnfzbgb ao uob

hrbo fovarsfôo i sab ao uob hrbo luaota y dbpbdfgbgprigudtfvb. Ga bduargi dio astb bpradfbdfôo ea par-efti galfofr ao såotasfs sfnihåstfdb

nbfgab oudnabr qua

sa diotfaoa ao nb pagbhihåb tadoinôhfdb jbstb bquågasdrftb3 nis dioidfefaotis tædofdis sarâo lbdtirasprigudtfvis duyb bpnfdbdfôo aepårfdb sikra an aotir-oi y sus gfspiofkfnfgbgas aspiotâoabs aohaogrbrâouavis lbdtiras prigudtfvis ao kaoalfdfi gan gas-brrinni.

b asduanb uofvarsftbrfb puas as uob fostftudfôo oa-dasbrfb gasga nb qua sa piogarb eacir tædofdbeaotanbs gaebogbs ga prihrasis qua diotaepnb nb [adios-truddfôo Obdfiobn ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn.

]ir gfspiofkfnfgbgas aspiotâoabs sa aotfaoga

kfaoas radursis y ebtarfbs prfebs dbpbdas ga radfkfr

uob trboslirebdfôo dubnflfdbgb. Ta trbtb ga kfaoasd.frduosdrftis ao an âekfti ga nbs oadasfgbgas y dirra-nbtfvis b nbs oadasfgbgas hufoabobs ga diosuei gaprihrasi y ga kfaoastbr. Nbs gfspiofkfnfgbgas hufoa¸



nn DIOTW OWFOI IDJ B E\A KAOHIKATBEB

bobs sio sus rfquazbs trboslirebknas pari tigbs as-tbs gfspiofkfnfgbgas aspiotâoabs sio rfquazbs ao pi-taodfb3 a 2 brsaobn ga nis radursis b trboslirebr aseóntfpna vb gasga nbs ebtarfbs prfebs astâtfdbs ieuartbs jbstb nb fotanfhaodfb vfrhao i gasdubnflfdbgb.As diotfohat0tta ga gfspiofkfnfgbgas nfkras qua gbsaotfgi adioôefdi b nb luogbdfôo ga asduanbs aspa-dfbnfzbgbs.

Nb asduanb uofvarsftbrfb sa gastfob b prieivar nbsgfspiofkfnfgbgas aspiotâoabs b uo vbnir adioôefdi

b uo vbnir dunturbn. Tu dbrâdtar póknfdi su dbpbdf-gbg ga prieivar nb trboslirebdfôo gan aotiroi ndiovfartao ao uob prfearb fostftudfôo prigudtfvb aouob eâqufob tædofdi-pagbhôhfdb haoarbgirb ga dbe-kfis dubotftbtfvis y dubnftbtfvis fosartb ao nbs folrb-astrudturbs gan Astbgi diei bntarobtfvb fovbrfbkna ganefsei gatarefobogi sfeuntâoabeaota tboti an gas-brrinni fotaroi pripfi an parladdfiobefaoti hrbgubngan ræhfeao asdinbr sus prihrbebs diei an gas-brrinni ga nb Bgefofstrbdfôo ]óknfdb ga nb sidfagbg yga nbs parsiobs.



GFOÂEFDB GA NB AZ.]BOTFIO FOWA[OBDFIOBN

n. xfhaodfbs y ntaro tfv s

]ir axpbosfôo aotaogaeis an diotfohaota ga ranbdfioas qua aotbknb uo pbås ao våbs ga gasbrrinni dioitris kbci lirebs eóntfpnas pbrb su rabnfzbdfôo adioôefdb pinåtfdb i dunturbn.

Ao nb Jfstirfb ga nb Juebofgbg dbgb haoarbdfôo gajiekras tfaoa sus pripfbs axfhaodfbs y bntarobtfvbspbrb eacirbr su axfstaodfb su vfgb. ]ari of nispuaknis of nbs obdfioas of nis fogfvfguis puagaoprieivarsa bfsnbgbeaota ebrhfobgis ga aotirois ybekfaotas juebois eâs bepnfis. Nbs oadasfgbgas juebobs sa rasuanvao ao nis diotbdtis juebois ganjiekra dio an jiekra. ]ir asi nis jiekras ga tigbsnbs nbtftugas tfaoao raspiosbkfnfgbgas qua diepbrtfrpbrb bsahurbr nb fotarranbdfôo juebob. Nb axpbosfôo

as uo pistunbgi pbrb an jiekra pbrb nis puaknis nbsobdfioas.

]ari nb axpbosfôo ga uo puakni i ga uo pbås sabdunturbn sab adioôefdb oi sa priguda diei uo laoôeaoi boârqufdi i fodiotrinbgi aebob ga uob diodfaodfb ga raspiosbkfnfgbg.

Nis fgabnas ikcatfvis lfoas parsahufgis pir nb axpbosfôo sa diotfaoao ao gfdjb diodfaodfb. Nb axpbosfôo pir diosfhufaota diepirtb uob diodfaodfb garaspiosbkfnfgbg eirbn ebtarfbn. Nb axpbosfôo qua

as uo acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbg ga nb sikarbofb pbrb dbgb puakni pbrb dbgb obdfôo sa diogfdfiob pir nbpnurbnfgbg ga fotarasas bcaois pripfis qua sa diosf-



nfT DIOTW 7OWFOQ QD 3JB E^ A KAOHIKATBEB

hbo ao gfdji acardfdfi. Astb pnurbnfgbg ga fotarasas as

b su vaz. diotaoagirb ga diogudtbs iptbtfvbs qua sa

eboflfastbo diei ipdfioas fgainôhfdbs. ]ir asi. pbrb

bsuefr nb diodfaodfb ga raspiosbkfnfgbg. sa j da

f e p r a s d f ~ g f k n a sbkar b dfaodfb dfartb quæ sa qufara.quæ riovtaoa y, sikra tigi, quæ sa puaga. Ta pradfsbgfnudfgbr quæ raspiosbkfnfgbgas diovfaoao bsuefr o-

ta nb ra ga pisfkfnfgbgas y ga ipirtuofgbgas.

Qo pbfs civao oadasftb pritahar su dbrâdtar ob-

dfiobn. asti as. su fgaotfgbg. pir sar æstb nb gatarefobota prfod.fpbn ga su dbpbdfgbg prfebrfb ga bsuefrraspiosbkfnfgbgas qua fepnfquao dbekfis ga vbnir,dbekfis jfstôrfdis. Nb oadasfgbg ga parlfnbr uo dbrâdtar obdfiobn as uob a.Qhaodfb y oi uob bntarobtfvb Gan

bdfarti i gasbdfa.rti dio qua sa bddaga b nb lioobdfôogan dbofdtar obdfiobn gapaoga an irgao aj0 an prihrasi, an gasbrrinni. nb hrbogazb. qua diostftuyao lbdtiraspisftf,¸is, bnfbgi ga nis dubnas tbekfæo puagao bpbradar. pbrbgôhfdbeaota. an foeivfnfsei. an gasirgao s -

dfbn gaeâs. qua diostftuyao lbdtiras oahbtf,¸is. Gadbrâdtar obdfiobn gapaoga an bddasi b uoi y itri irgao ga lbdtiras. Asti gaeuastrb gis disbs3 ao prfearnuhbr. an dbrâdtar obdfiobnY sf as p i s f t f ^ ~ i . hbrbotfzb an

æ . . ~ t i titbn i pbrdfbn ga nb axpbosfôo. Ni qua gapaogaaspadfbneaota ga nb sinfgaz gan Astbgi, gan irgao dc,f

~ g a uob diodfaodfb obdfiobn dijaraota y j i e i h æ o a ~y ga uo obdfiobnfsei raspiosbkna y saotfgi.

Dubogi an Astbgi as gækfn ao su diostftudfôo fotarob, su febhao suana gatarfirbrsa ao an axtarfir, fospfrbogi gasdiolfbozb b nis fotarnidutiras diepriea-tfgis ao nb axpbosfôo. Ga jadji, nis pbfsas ao vfbs gagasbrrinni eâs fostftudfiobneaota foastbknas suanaobkidbrsa b uob ebyir fosahurfgbg adioôefdb, b nblrustrbdfôo ga fovarsfioas, b nb fosahurfgbg lfobodfarby b diotrbgfddfioas eóntfpnas, parcugfdâogisa ga astblireb nbs ranbdfioas ga fotardbekfi ao su hæoasfs ga

axpbosfôo.Ao sahuogi nuhbr, sa gastbdb an dbrâdtar gfoâefdiga nb axpbosfôo3 nis trbtbgis, bduargis y diovaofissio sfaepra eivfknas, pirqua oi sa irgaobo sahóo uo



HQFOAB ADQBWI[FBN ]INAEFDB V [A QG G 6

prfodfpfi lfci. Asta bspadti ga nb axpbosfôo as suebeaota diepnaci3 a 2 dbrâdtar eutbkna y pinflbdætfdi ga

nbs fotarranbdfioas diogfdfiob nbs gadfsfioas ga pbr-tas a fodnusi an gfobefsei sôni gan eardbgi póknfdi

fotarobdfiobn nnahb b dieprieatar nb gadfsfôo pinftfdb

y dubnqufar oahidfi curågfdi.

Tio eudjis nis panfhris qua sa dfaroao sikra nb axpbosfôo. panfhris qua pir dfarti sio tbekfæo anaeaotis ga su pripfb gfoâefdb. ab dubn luasa nb astrbtahfbqua eua^ b an acardfdfi ga nb axpbosfôo an raspati gan

dbrâdtar obdfiobn i ga nb fgaotfgbg pripfb oi puagagasgaòbrsa, pbrb oi varsa trbfdfiobgb nb sikarboåb

qua as an vbnir prfebrfi ga nis puaknis nfkras. Nb fgaotfgbg pripfb oi sa fepirtb of sa trboslfara of bgeftagapaogaodfb luarb ga sf efseb puas as nb fgaotfgbgga nb sikarboåb obdfgb diei prigudti ga diirgaobgbs

q u ~ vfartao jbdfb uo gastfoi jfstôrfdi. Nb aslarb gani dbrbdtatfstfdi ouodb lua uob diotrbpbrtfgb diogf¸dfiobgirb gaU gfânihi eatbpbtrfôtfdi. Dbgb obdfôo ganb Wfarrb nnavb fepnådftbeaota uo haotfnfdfi jfstôrfdidunturbn. qua as fojaraota b su axfstfr diei puakninfkra.

An euogi nfkra bdusb dbgb vaz eâs nb oadasfgbg gan

fotao3-bekfi pbrb gasaovinvarsa y b u tirrabnfzbrsa3 jabquå an hr o puoti ga diovarhaodfb ga dbsf tigis nisjuebofseis. ]ir fotardbekfi oi jby qua aotaogaroadasbrfbeaota nbs trbosbddfioas gan eardbgi nfkra,ni qua Kbdio nnbebråb • fgi nb lirue°. Fotardbekfiaqufvbna b gfbnihi, y. sikra tigi,. b f o t d r g a p a o g a o n ¸ ~ga pigaras, ga luao..bs, ga oadas2gbgas. notardbonjnisa diotrbpioa b bfsnbefaoti.

notardbo2k fi oi sfhoflfdb bhitbefaoti pbrdfbn i titbnga nb sikarboåb. Bn diotrbrfi tigi Astbgi obdfiobn

acarda su vinuotbg sikarbob dubogi sa jbda dbpbz gabsuefr uo gfânihi ga kósquagb ao an irgao adioôefdiy tadoinôhfdi dio itris Astbgis sikarbois pbrb gbrsônfgbs raspuastbs b sus raspadtfvbs diyuoturbs hnikbnas i aspadflfdbs, b sus gaebogbs y axfhaodfbs. An fo-

tardbekfi diostftuya uob oadasfgbg pbrb tigis nispuaknis, fodnufgis nis eâs prôsparis y ga suparfir



aqufpbefaoti. Ao asra saotfgi. an fotardbekfi dieipistunbgi Qahb b bebnbr an saotfgi bksinuti gan DIR..

dapri ga fogapaogaodfb qua oi sa dirraspioga b nbra nfg g ga nis eigis ga ^fvfr y suksåsnfr ga nis p å ~ao n Jfstirfb

Ao an pbsbgi hrbogas feparfis sa gaseiriobrio b

r pargfaogi garadjis jahaeôofdis ao nis tarrftirfis

fovbgfgis . n33sta as an dbsi ga [ieb ga E b d a g i o f ~ a

]arsfb atd. Dio asti sa gaeuastrb qua an diodapti gafogapaogaodfb as ranbtfvi V qua efaotrbs dbgb Astbgioadasftb ga itris pbrb gasao^¸invarsa ebtarfbneaota

n fgab ga fogapaogaodfb sôni puaga sistaoarsa diei

diodapti pinåtfdi.Ao ouastris tfaepis durfisbeaota sôni puagao sar

fogapaogfaotas nis puaknis prfeftfvis qua pareboa

dao «fodiosdfaotaeaota• ebrhfobgis ga nb dfvfnfzb-dfôo. Ao nb botfoiefb fogapaogaodfb-gapaogaodfb sagb uob aspadfa ga fovarsfôo diodaptubn y t a r e f o i ~hfdb dubogi sa bpnfdbo b sftubdfioas jfstôrfdbs y ob-dfioas rabnas.

Eudjis Astbgis n aebodfpbrsa jbo dioluogfgifotardbekfi dio sukyuhbdfôo dio dirrfaotas o a i d i n ~ofbnfstbs dio an oaidiniofbnfsei i dio an tftarfsei.

Qo sfhoi dbrbdtaråstfdi ga ouastris tfaepis as andiepriefsi ga nis pbåsas ga pbrtfdfpbr kfnbtarbn i

euntfnbtarbneaota ao an laoôeaoi ga nis fotardbekfisn rftei ga nbs axfhaodfbs. Asta sfhoi dbrbdtaråstfdi as

axpbosfôo eboflfastb ga nb nfkartbg ga sikarboåb qua

an garadji dieóo itirhb b nis pbåsas nfkras. Ao tigisnis tfaepis nb axpbosfôo pir an fotardbekfi lua sfae-pra oadasbrfb y su rbzôo ebtarfbn ga sar lua sfaepra

nb efseb3 pbe aodiotrbr jby qua kusdbr0 pbrb radf-kfr. jby qua ilradar sfao2pra qua sa gb sa asparb ra-

dfkfr. Astis prfodfpfis galfoao nb prâdtfdb gan fotar-dbekfi v diostftuyao su eboflastbdfôo gfbnædtfdb

p a d u n f b r ~Diei pbås folrbaqufpbgi. ao pridasi diostftuyaota

b Hufoab na urha y diovfaoa gfstfohufr aotra an fotar

dbekfi fepuasti pir su rabnfgbg haihrâlfdb y hai]>rnntfdb. gan kbsbgi ao su s ~ r jfstôrfdi v dunturon



,. gan qua sa luogbeaotb ao nb oadasfgbg ga bdda-

i b oua -bs aslarbs fotarobdfiobnas ga ranbdfôo. bs

ranbdfioas dio Blrfdb sio obturbnas buoqua su axpbo-sfôo diepiob luartas gisfs ga brtflfdfi diei axfha an

euogi ga jiv Nbs ranbdfioas dio nis pbåsas dio quadiepbrta garadjis lriotarfzis ao an aspbdfi ebr ytfarrb sio foanugfknas3 as gadfr nôhfdbs.

Gaspuæs ga nb fogapaogaodfb ga 26<: nbs ranbdfioas

ga gapaogaodfb pinåtfdb y bgefofstrbtfvb dio Aspbòbsa tridbrio ao ranbdfioas ga fotardbekfi ga byugb yga diiparbdfôo kbsbgbs ao våodunis jfstôrfdis i ao

fotarasas qua oi dbgudbo of euarao pirqua sio aspf-

rftubnas irfhao gan Astbgi hufoaiadubtirfboi a foja-raotas b su sikarboåb pinåtfdb jfstôrfdb y dunturbn.

Nbs ranbdfioas ga fotardbekfi an gfânihi obdfiobndio an axtarfir diodakfgis ao su hnikbnfgbg y gapurb

gis ga pracufdfis sio an acardfdfi ga nb nfkartbg ga

sikarboåb pari dubogi sa diodfkao pir diepbrtfefaotis astbodis su bsuodfôo pradfsb drftarfis vbni-rbtfvis irfaotbgis sahóo astb trfdieåb ga fepirtbodfbs3

\bniras jfstôrfdis/vbniras dunturbnas/pistunbgishaipinåtfdis.

¹Ruæ oadasftb Hufoab Adubtirfbn gan axtarfir9

]brb gbr raspuastb bn fotarrihbota as sulfdfaota dio

gadfr qua Hufoab Adubtirfbn oadasftb g axtr ni quatigis nis gaeâs pbåsas oadasftbo ao haoarbn y ni qua

nis rbåsas gan Wardar Euogi ao pbrtfdunbr.A prfear aladti ga nb bparturb fotarobdfiobn i ga nb

axpbosfôo ga uo pbås as su rupturb dio an bfsnbefaoti.

Ao itri tfaepi nb axpbosfôo fotarobdfiobn ga nis As-tbgis sa vfodunbkb b uo blâo ga sieatfefaotis v gaaxpnitbdfôo ga tarrftirfis pir an diniofbnfsei y -jiy

ao glb suksfstao astis laoôeaois. Nb axpbosfôo ga nb

jirb bdtubn sa fgaotflfdb pripfbeaota dio an fgabn ga

diiparbdfôo qua sfhoflfdb diodursi i prasaodfb bdtfvb

ga Astbgis obdfiobnas ao fostftudfioas irhbofzb-

dfioas y irhbofseis fotarobdfiobnas.



2; DIOTWBOWFOI ID E 3 ~ KAOHIKATBEB

Ao an dbsi diodrati ga nis pbåsas blrfdbois nb dbusb

dieóo nb dbrbdtaråstfdb haoarbn qua euava nb axpbo.sfôo as qua nbs dbrbdtaråstfdbs sidfiadioôefdbs sio sf.efnbras3 fepioao pnbotabefaotis bntarobtfvbs dieuoas pbrb uob astrbtahfb hnikbn ga bddfôo. Obturbneaota nbs sfefnftugas blfofgbgas ga irgao folrbastrudturb} ga nis radursis su trbtbefaoti itris lbdtirasbdiosacbo nb bgipdfôo ga eadbofseis dieuoas ga ga-laosb adioôefdb ga dbrb bn gasbrrinni ga nb efsebeboarb qua ao Auripb nbs pinåtfdbs dieuoftbrfbs savfaoao gasbrrinnbogi gasga jbda vbrfis bòis ao luodfôo ga fotarasas adioôefdis dieuoas.

Tfo aekbrhi an gfrfhfsei ga nb axpbosfôo an gfrfhfsei adioôefdi fot arobdfiobn sa bdiepbòb b vadasga trbkbs oi sfaepra lâdfnas ga suparbr luogbeaotbneaota ga irgao pinåtfdi. Ao ouastris gåbs nbs dieuofgbgas adioôefdbs auri-iddfgaotbnas rahbtabo nb fo-tahrbdfôo ao su saoi ga Astbgis oi pbrnbeaotbrfôspari nb rbzôo axpnfdbtfvb ga liogi as qua nis auripaistrbtbo ga bsahurbr su fotahrbdfiofsei sahóo uoisasquaebs ga gaeidrbdfb dieuoas b nb nuz ga nbsastrudturbs lirebs pinåtfdbs ga b u tihikfaroi eâsbvbozbgis. ]brbgôhfdbeaota astis diogfdfiobefaotis

oi fodfgao ao nbs fotarranbdfioas dieuoftbrfbs blrfdb

obs3 bquå axpbosfôo diiparbdfôo adioôefdbs sa bsidfbo b uo aspårftu oi giheâtfdi sfoi eâs kfao nfkarbnqua prfeb sikra nbs gasblfofgbgas ga irhbofzbdfôopinåtfdb ga nis Astbgis ga nb lireb eâs bnahraeaotaobturbn.

Ao jioir b nb vargbg nis blrfdbois oi astâo gfspuastis of ao diogfdfioas psfdinôhfdbs bptbs pbrb

brristrbr su gfoâefdb gasbrrinnfstb b pbrtfr ga pnbotabefaotis sfodratfstbs ga åogina pinåtfdi ao an saotfgi ga prieivar lirebs lôreunbs dieuoas ga buti

hikfaroi. Nis dbekfis ga rahåeaoas nb foastbkfnfgbgpinåtfdb nb gfvarsfgbg ga dbrbdtaras ga nbs avinudfioaspinåtfdbs fotastfobs atd. fepfgao an gasbrrinni ga uo

sfodratfsei ranbtfvi b nis asquaebs ga irhbofzbdfôogan pigar. V tbekfæo uob rbzôo luogbeaotbn as nb ga

qua nb IQB ao dinbkirbdfôo dio nis någaras ga Âlrfdb



HQFOA ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFD V [A NFG G ;4

oahrb jb trfkutbgi folnaxfknaeaota uo hrbo raspati bn •

prfodfpfi ga nb oi focaraodfb ao nis bsuotis fotarois

ga uo Astbgi pir itri. Nb avinudfôo pinltfdb sa euas-

trb sfaepra eâs vunoarbkna y eâs lnaxfkna qua dubn-qufar stbtus adioôefdi astbknadfgi qua tfaoga b sarråhfgi. Nis rahåeaoas pinåtfdis sio eâs saosfknas y

lnudtubotas ao an fogapaogaotfsei diotfoaotbn.

Daotrbnfzâogisa uo pidi eâs sikra nb priknaeâtfdb

ga nb axpbosfôo sa nnahb b nb gfstfodfôo y ralaraodfb ga

gis bspadtis ga nb efseb gflaraotas y dbrbdtaråstfdis.

An æxigi fotarobdfiobn hufoaiadubtirfboi diepraoga

gis dnbsas ga axfhaodfbs nbs diyuoturbnas y nbs astrudturbnas. Astb gfstfodfôo ois parefta jbknbr ga uobaxpbosfôo diyuoturbn y ga uob axpbosfôo astrudturbn.

Dio nb prfearb sa sbnvbo oadasfgbgas obdfiobnas ga ur

haodfb i ga aearhaodfb diei sio nb dbptbdfôo ga drægftis pbrb nb bgqufsfdfôo ga kfaoas ga aqufpi pbrb nb

priguddfôo bhrådinb ga fosuebs bhripadubrfis ebtarfbn pagbhôhfdi bsfstaodfb sboftbrfb privfsfioas bnfeaotfdfbs fepirtbdfôo ga prigudtis kâsfdis atd. b

ebhoftug ga astb aslarb ga nb axpbosfôo obdfiobn gapaoga gan vinueao ga nbs oadasfgbgas ga dbgb eieaoti i ga uo eieaoti gbgi.

Nb axpbosfôo diyuoturbn as dbrbdtaråstfdb pripfb ga

uob trbosfdfôo adioôefdb jbdfb an gaspahua quapuaga sar tbekfæo pinåtfdb3 puas as prâdtfdbeaota nbqua jb prasfgfgi nb hastfôo fotarobdfiobn gan DET quajuki ga dunefobr dio nb Diolaraodfb ga Giobotas gaHfoakrb ga 26:;.

]ir oireb haoarbn nis pbåsas axparfeaotbo uob x-

pbosfôo diyuoturbn pbrb silidbr drfsfs i qufakrbs adioôefdbs bhugbs beirtfzbr gaugbs zbocbr an gælfdftlfobodfari rapioar gbòis kænfdis lfobodfbr prasupuastis aqufnfkrbr nb kbnbozb ga pbhis atd.

]brbgôhfdbeaota nb axpbosfôo astrudturbnfstb pripaoga b aodiotrbr uo irgao adioôefdi lfci eâs i eaois astbkna galfoftfvi drabgir trboslirebgir diepbtfkna y diodfnfbkna dio nbs nayas póknfdbs qua rfhao

an pbås.Nb axpbosfôo astrudturbn hufoaiadubtirfbob tfaoa



;7 DIOTWBOWFOI IDJB B t^ C\A K A O H I K A T ~ V

pir ikcatfvi an gasbrrinni, su eboflastbdfôo ebtarfbndiosfsta ao an fotahrbdfiofsei bsidfbtfvi, irhbofzbtf

vi, pbrtfdfpbtfvi y diiparbtfvi b asdbnb obdfiobn, fotarobdfiobn. diotfoaotbn rahfiobn. Wigis nis pbåsasblrfdbois, bota ^is lrbdbsbgis fotaotis ga astbknadaruob s<^^gb kbsa ga diiparbdfôo Oirta-Tur, jbo gapisftbgi su iptfefsei y asparbozb ao nb diiparbdfôo Tur

Tur, sahóo a^ sfstaeb ga bhrupbdfôo sukrahfiobn , kbsaastrudturb^ ga gasbrrinni3 lua æstb nb gadnbrbdfôo gana{as ga Astbgis Blrfdbois ao nb Diolaraodfb ga Nbhis.

Hufoab Adubtirfbn oadasf tb foanugfknaeaota outrfrsa dio a^ bpraogfzbca y nbs axparfaodfbs qua bsahurboa^ dbefoi gan gaspahua prigudtfvi y ga nb ebguraz nb-kirbn, lfobodfarb a fovar s fiof s t b b feftbdfôo ga nis

]bfsas qua jbo nihrbgi g a s k i r g b r d i o æxfti nbs kbrrar bs ga ^ b folbodfb adioôefdb .

B ^ ga¡fofr y gasdr fkf r nb axpbos fôo adioôef db as-

t rud turb ^ ga^ pbås , earada nb p a o b i p f o b r t bekfæosikra a^ t aeb gan fohrasi ga Huf oab Adub ti r f b n ao nbQofôo Bguboarb ga nis As tbgis ga Blr fdb Daotrb n tboaxpadtbt fvi diei pinæefdi ao an eieaoti bdtubn .

As tb uofôo bguboarb oi as it rb disb, o f i t r b disbgakfarb ga sar. qua uo lraota dieóo ga nudjb bot fsukgasbrrin^fstb lirebgi pir pbåsas qua diepbr t ao uobaxpbosfôo ast rudturbn sfefnbr. gbgbs sus dbrbdtaråst fdbs obturbnas y adioôefdbs.

Nis pbfsas blrfdbois. pbrb bddagar b nb f o g a p a o g a o

d fb pin å t fdb . j u k f a r i o g a r a d u r r f r b t i g b s u a r t a g a e ag fis b p br t f r ga gis pis f d f ioa s a x t r a e b s diot rb

puas tbs ^ b ga^ oahid fi pin n t f di i g f â n i h i y nb g a nbvfi naod fb i gan r a d u r si b r e b g i 0 a o i d b s f i o a s sa dios fhufô n fqu fgbr an as tbgi diniofb n p i r u o i u i t r i dbef

oi. Tfo aekbrhi ga s puæ s ga a s t b hæ oa s f s g a vfi naod fbsy diol^fd tis . g åb b g nb ^is pb åsas p i k r a s s u k a q u f p b g i sj b o diepraog fgi qua an d b e f o i g a nb f o g a p a o g a o d f badioôefdb , a^ gan prihrasi sa e a r a d a i t r b d nbsa gabtaodfôo .oi tYboti p i ~ sa r ~ â s t r b sdaogaotb n q u a an ga

nb a e b o d t p ~ d t ô o piJttdb etseb. s foi p i r q u a as saodfQ ~ e a o t a gtlaraota . Nis s f s t aebs ga g a sb r r i n n i avinuDfiobo y b eaougi diepir tbo e a ot b n f gb ga s y as t r b t a -



DfQFOA ADQBWI[FBN ]INFAECD ) [ABNFGBG zc

hfbs tbo pripfbs åotfebs y dbrbdtarlstfdbs qua aotrboao diotrbgfddfôo dio nis saotfefaotis obdfiobnfstbsrbgfdbnas.

Ilfdfbneaota nbs irhbofzbdfioas pinåtfdbs fotarob-dfiobnas pripuhobo dio uobofefgbg an prfodfpfi ga nboi focaraodfb ao nis bsuotis ga nis Astbgis. b vargbgas qua nb bpnfdbdfôo ga asta prfodfpfi vbrfb sahóo pbl-sas y sahóo eieaotis. b rabnfgbg fotarob ga dbgbpbås vfstb pir diepbrtfefaotis astbodis diei anbspadti adioôefdi an pinltfdi, an efnftbr. atd.. oisfaepra sa euastrb sinfgbrfb b bquan prfodfpfi. qua as

pripfi ga nb sikarbofb bkstrbdtb. ]ari ao haoarbnofohóo pbås puaga varsa nfkra ga focaraodfbs bcaobs,buoqua oi sabo oadasbrfbeaota trbsdaogaotas pbrb sugasaovinvfefaoti hnikbn of sfqufarb nis eâs gasbrri-

nnbgis.nis pbåsas qua oadasftbo navbotbrsa adioôefdb-

eaota eudjbs vadas nas rasuntb feprasdfogfkna sar Z r-

eabknas b nbs gfdtbgurbs tadoinôhfdbs y lfobodfarbs ga

nis eâs bvbozbgis y ga sus sfstaebs ga trboslireb-

dfôo ga radursis ao nb efseb eagfgb ao qua nas astbekfæo feprasdfogfkna an bkbogioi rbgfdbn ga sus

trbgfdfioas y eaotbnfgbgas ao nbs qua sa diogfdfiobo

y bpbradao fepnfdbgbs y brrbfhbgbs sus tædofdbs gatrbkbci nb hbobgaråb ga tfpi saotfeaotbn ga nis lboh

diostftuya uo sarfi fepagfeaoti pbrb iktaoar pri-gudtis nâdtais ao su eagfi rurbn bnfeaoti dârofdi ipfanas)*.

Ao Hufoab Adubtirfbn nb axpnitbdfôo adioôefdb

bhripadubrfb astâ eâs aepikradfgb y eâs pradbrfbao raogfefaotis qua nb ga nbs dieuofgbgas pralaugb¸

nas. ]brb suparbr astb sftubdfôo sa oadasftb an diodur¸

si gan dbpftbn prihrbebs agudbdfôo fotardbekfis ytrboslaraodfbs ga axparfaodfbs prigudtfvbs. An vbnirdiovaodfiobn ga uob pinftfdb ga uoftfdbn3fôo bguboarb

qua pripuhob uob eioagb dieóo i eaois astb¸kna as aståeuni pbrb fepunsbr uo gasbrrinni ddioôefdi qua puaga arrbgfdbr an btrbsi.

• \æbsa Wrbgfdfioas gan puakni /bol¡ . gan butir asta nfkri.

.n,



Ao iui nuhbr quagb bpuotbgb nb fgab ga qua nbpbgaodfb adiiôefdb.. an dbefoi ga nb prisparfgbg

ad'•FCF wofdb., sf tfaoa su prfearb atbpb ao nb åogapai.gaodfb p i n ~ as. sfo aekbrhi., gflaraota, pirqua an~ nb anavbdfôo gan ofvan ga vfgb ga nbs parsi.obs, nb etargapaogaodfb ga nbs obdfioas. atd., gasga

qua ~ ô nb ravinudfôo fogapaogaotfstb ao Âlrfdbjbo sfgi lbdtiras qua vfaoao eistrâogisa fodiepb-tfknas dio nbs gidtrfobs folnaxfknas ga nb nfkartbg

As oirebn. pir acaepni., qua nis [aprasaotbotas gan]uakni ao nb Dâebrb bdtóao dio aotarb sikarboåb yjkra ga focaraodfbs y prasfioas axtrbocarbs ao an acar¸

dfdfi ga sus luodfioas pbrnbeaotbrfbs. ]ari oi puagaidurrfr sfaepra ni efsei dio an bodi ga HufoabAdubtirfbn i dio an ga Drægfti y Gasbrrinni, o eudjieaois dio an ebodieuob HQFOAZWA[KBOD, qua sagasaowaj¸ao sfaepra ao luodfôo gan eivfefaoti gadbpftbnas, sabo obdfiobnas, sabo axtrbocaris.

Tio nb oadasfgbg ga pitaodfbr nb dbpbdfgbg lfobo.dåarb, nb sinvaodfb ao an gasaovinvfefaoti, nb piogarb-dfôo ga nis fotarasas y ga nbs gfspiofkfnfgbgas rabnas yeacirbs ga nbs ranbdfioas dio uob dnfaotanb axfhaota,atgtarb, nis eôvfnas qua prfebo sikra an eigi gadiepirtbrsa ga astbs aotfgbgas lfobodfarbs. ]ir axpa¸rfaodåb sa sbka qua nbs fostftudfioas adioôefdbs y

prigudtcvbs sadiepirtbo dio ebyir nfkarbn

.fsei y nf-

kartbg qua nbs pinftfdbs.Nis pbfsas gan euogi aotari diepraogao dbgb ^"aS

eacir nb oadasfgbg ga buobr asluarzis. y ofohuoi sarasuanva b blriotbr bfsnbgbeaota sus priknaebs adi-oôefdis3 ao asta tarraoi, nb • focaraodfb • as dbsf uof-^ arsbn. nb Juebofgbg jb puasti uo ebyir æolbsfs ao

an laoôeaoi ga nb diiparbdfôo, qua fodnuya nbs trbo.s¸laraodfbs tadoinôhfdbs. pbrb i v ~ r ikcatfvis axpQdf¸nis. Wigi aCfi gaeuastrb q u ~ n fotargapaogaodfb adi-oôefdb as uob rabnfgbg vfvfaota.

Bnttoofoi ga nb óntfeb hrbo huarrb. uob ebdrias-trudturb pinntfdb suprbobdfiobC, dioidfgb diei nb Q-

hb ga nbs Obdfioas, diefaozb b bpiybr gadfgfgbeaota

nb diiparbdfôo adioôefdb. v nb foardfb a dbekfis



adioôoudis sa gasnfzb jbdfb uob ebyir pbródfp.dbibana tigis nis puaknis. fepiofæogisa bså su fonaonapao.

dfaodfb. Ga jadji. ao an pnboi fotaebgibbn. nb diipa-- -t Ylcrbdfôo adioôefdb sa jb rikustadfgi a s ~ ga 2672ga eigi frravarsfkna, dio luaoa folna2fôo jbdfb t f ~tahrbdfiofsei. An pbpan ga nbs Obdfioas Qofgbs jb sf-gi qufzâ nb dnbva ga nb tieb ga diodfaodfb ga nibpuaknis bdardb ga su fotargapaogaodfb, pirqua, don.rt'itrbs rbzioas, sus pripfbs irhbofzb>3fioas jbo diitlf.

kufgi bn obdfefaoti ga gfvarsis 222«Z`nis ga diiparb-dfôo adioôefdb y dunturbn, ao kbsa b nis folnucis a ~tfgbgas prigudtfvbs, irhbofzbtj¸bs y diseipinftbs. ri

einb QOATDI, IET. LBI. QFW. IBDF. IE]F. .Nb diiparbdfôo adioôefdb ga nb pishuarWb jb a r

gi ouearisbs fostftudfioas y bduargis fotaeb.3tii..nas bofebgiras gan prihrasi y gan aotaogfefaoti jueboi. Ga nis bòis dubraotb gbtb an Bduargi Haoarbnsikra Brbodanas ga Bgubobs y Dieardfi (HBWF^. p r ~eivfgi pir an Diosaci Adioôefdi y Tidfbn gr nbs Ob¸dfioas Qofgbs. Nis pbåsas auripais, pbrb ~ p i o a r s a grnis gbòis ga nb huarrb y radiostrufr Auripb. ~ b g j ` ~rao sinfgbrfbeaota dio an ]nbo Ebrbjbnn drabogi nbirhbofzbdfôo auripab ga Diiparbdfôo Adioôefddbtirda bòis eâs tbrga 26<;) sa trboslirebrfb nbIrhbofzbdfôo ga Diiparbdfôo y Gasbrrinni AB-ioôefdiIDGA).

Ao nis bòis dfoduaotb obda nb Dieuotg.bg Auripabgan Dbrkôo y gan Bdari DADB), pirb eI^¸fjC--<nr nb fo¸gustrfb sfgarórhfdb jbdfb uo roao3bgi dieóo n` bqufsa nnahbrnb b nb drabdfôo >` nb bdtubn Dieuofgbg A ~ ~oôefdb Auripab (DAA), ao [ieb 2 6 ~ 8 ) , g d ~ n f o b g b buoflfdbr y b rastrfohfr an ræhfeao b g u b ~ r i ~ 2 2

p b t ~ s bsidfbgis. qua ilradao uo ef•ei brbro3d^ b nibdnfaotas, uo efsei ræhfeao ga fotardbekfi. ~ prigudtis aotra Cis efaekri t, fgæotfdbs piQþdbt FGIFX¸

tbrfbs, tbrflbrfbs, fogustrfbnd,. b&rfdinu. kbo&3brfb^ ytigbs nbs astrbtahfbs prâdtfdbs dbpbdd2 ~ breiontbr

nbs ranbdfioa1 adioôefdbs eutubs.

Waoaeis, bsfefsei, nb Qofôo Auripab d` ]qis, nb

Bsidfbdfôo Auripab ga N f k r ~ Dierrdfi. v eudjb"



.-bgb. db2triblrfdboi a fgaônihi ga nis prataogfgisAstbgis Qofgis ga Blod.b Daotrb 2 dbrbdtarfzbgi pirsu lbnsi pnbotabefaoti3 of nbs [apóknfdbs ~ t r f sastbkbo uofgbs pinåódbeaota. of an oiekra ga jn prataigCgb Ylagarbdfôo raspiogåb bn asquaeb haipinåtfdirabn ga Blrfdb Daotrbn Lua uob gas,¸fbdfôo fohaoub ganfotaras pir uob pinåtfdb adioôo2fdb sukrahfiobn quabdtubneaota sa astâ gaspnbzbogi jbdfb itris garritaris ga axpbosfôo.

BC sar nb QGABD uob aeprasb ao pridasi axparfeaotbn pbrb an gasbrrinni d ` nb sukrahfôo, pbrtfdunbr¸

eaota ao lbsa ga astraoi pbrb Hufoab Adubtirfbn, asprioti pbrb prioistfdbr sus saduaodfbs oahbtfvbs ipisftfvbs ao an tfaepi, puas an fotardbekfi, gasga anpuoti ga vfstb pbrtfdfpbtfvi ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn,

kfao puaga i oi sieatarsa b uo ~ h f e a o ga lnudtubdfioas, ao an saotfgi ga su fodraeaoti, dio ranbdfôo b nis gaeâs sidfis, y tbekfæo ao an saotfgi ga uobueaoti, aqufnfkrfi i gfsefoudfôo, raspadti ga itris

pbfsas. Rufara gadfrsa qua, oi axfstfaogi fodiovaofaotas pbrb nb bpnfdbdfôo ga tigbs nbs eagfgbs curngfdbs Vdiovaodfiobnas astbtutbrfbeaota diostftuyaotas pbrbnb irhbofzbdfôo gan fotardbekfi, y vfodunbotas pbrbnbs pbrtas sfhobtbrfbs, asti as. nis sidfis ræhfeao gatbrflbs y brbodanas, distas gfvarsis y nfkra i oi nfkradiepataodfb), as foanugfkna kbrbcbr bntarobtfvbs ao ranbdfôo dio nb priguddfôo a nis sidfis y tbekfæo ao

ranbdfôo dio an gasbrrinni efsei gan fotardbekfi.Nb rabnfgbg aepårfdb gan acardfdfi dieardfbn y

dubnqufar itrb bdtf^fgbg adioôefdb dieuoftbrfb, TF

iksao'beis an gasaovinvfefaoti jfstôrfdi ga itrbs -

euofgbgas fotarobdfiobnas, oi sfaepra lua lfan b nisprfodfpfis y ikcatf^'is asdihfgis. Ga tigis eigis, nb^¸fsfôo bobnftfdb ga tigbs nbs jfpitætfdbs diirgaobgbsfepnfdbgbs ao an gasbrrinni luturi ga nb Qofôo Bgubod rb. of dirraspioga b asta nfkri of as fotaodfôo eåb

bdieatarnb. pir asdbpbrsa ga ef taeâtfdb y pnbotab-

efaotis. Ni qua t b n ~ jbyb qua gacbr ao dnbri as qua

aneao3bgi dieóo ga nb sukrahfôo, su gfoâefdb eardbotfn y bguboari. gasga an puoti ga ^rfstb ga nis ra



dursis i nbs gfspiofkfnfgbgas aspiotâoabs ga nisAstbgis efaekris. oi fepnfdb vaotbcbs pbrb obgfa nidubn diostftuya nb eacir hbrbotlb pbrb bkrfhbr aspa-

rbozbs ga uob fotahrbdfôo pnaob ao an sfstaeb ga aquf-nfkrfi adioôefdi sukrahfiobn.

]brb Huåoab Adubtirfbn a fovaotbrfi ga nis radur-

sis foluoga lrbodi iptfefsei ao ranbdfôo dio an brsa-obn ga ebtarfbs prfebs axfstaotas sfo axpnitbr Afir-guy). diogfdfioas lbvirbknas y bptbs pbrb bsuefr uogfânihi prihrbeâtfdi dio nb QGABD. Ta trbtb ga uobpnbtblireb ga dradfefaoti adioôefdi ao pitaodfb. An

eardbgi sukrahfiobn ao så oi jb ga rahunbr fotarasasof kaoalfdfis så prividbr aståeunis ebtarfbnas pri-gudtfvis y drabgiras ga fotarasas y kaoalfdfis. Ao astasaotfgi as ikvfi qua nb QGABD oi as of jb ga sar uosfogfdbti ga diosuei kbrbti giobgir gan pigar bg-

qufsftfvi hrbtufti. Ni qua jb ga bvbnbr dubnqufar æxftiga nb dieuofgbg ga dbgb sidfi as uob nudjb ga kós-quagb gan aqufnfkrfi ao an dieardfi axtarfir kbsbgb aoan trbkbci prigudtfvi ga nis efaekris bsidfbgis. Tf

asti luarb bså ikcatfvbeaota jbkråb qua bgeftfr oada-

sbrfbeaota qua b Hufoab Adubtirfbn oi pigråb sbn-

vbrnb ga sus alaeærfgas bdtubnas eâs qua uo botågitiastrbtæhfdi qua hrbvftbsa dio hrbo pralaraodfb sikra3

Nb euntfpnfdbdfôo rbdfiobn ga nis prihrbebsbhrådinbs.

Nb titbn gasdiohanbdfôo ga nb gasidupbdfôo ybpbtåb nbkirbn.

Nb bhfnfzbdfôo ga uob diepataodfb prigudtfvb

qua pareftb bn Astbgi bdieatar hrbogas fovar-sfioas.

Nb drabdfôo ga aepnais kfao pbhbgis.

Nb gasdiohanbdfôo ga nis lnucis lfobodfaris ga

nis Kbodis ga drægfti gasbrrinni pbrb sinfgbrf-

zbr dio an bjirri an fohrasi.

Nb suprasfôo rupturb rbgfdbn dio asquaebs ku-

ridrâtfdis v bgefofstrbtfvis dbgudis.



- An bpiyi bn dbepasfoi. an raspati n dbpftbn b nbluodfôo p ó þ ~ bn pigar lfobodfari bn sadtirprfvbgis, b nbs nayas, b nbs oirebs y bn trbkbci

efsei.

Tf astbs astrbtahfbs sa bgiptbsao sa diosahufråb anbvboda fotarfir, bså diei an fepunsi ga nbs axpirtb.dfioas dbpbdas ga haoarbr an bnzb axtarfir.

Bjirb kfao, pbrb avft r ebnaotaogfgis as ipirtuoisaòbnbr qua efs jfpôtasfs vbnirbtfvbs sikra an eardb-gi sukrahfiobn daotriblrfdboi oi sa ralfarao b uobastrbtahfb ga gasbrrinni ga dbrâdtar bksinuti i axdnusfvfstb0 as gadfr prfvbtfvb ga nb axpbosfôo adioôefdbaxt.arfir ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn3 oi as æsa an dbrâdtarqua gakfarb galfofr uob vfsfôo ikcatfvb y rabnfstb ga nbQGABD uob astrudturb tbo galirebgb y tbo btrbsbgbdiei nb ga Hufoab oi puaga pareftfrsa rastrfohfr nbaxpbosfôo, pirqua gflådfneaota bddagaråb bn dradfefaoti ga dbpftbn y b nb trboslioobdfôo dubogi ni ótfn

y oadasbrfi as pradfsbeaota ni diotrbrfi3 axpnitbr tig s nbs bntarobtfvbs pisfknas y raotbknas avftbogi fo-durrfr ao kbrunnis y ao diotrbgfddfioas qua dioguzdbo bn butikniquai ga nb axpbosfôo.

; Bpirta an axtarfir

As hrboga an asluarzi qua Hufoab Adubtirfbn oadabfn rabnfzbr gasga astis eieaotis. Nb piogarbdfôo ga

gfdji asluarzi rasuntb tboti eâs fepirtbota dubotieâs gugisis sa eboflfastbo bChuois ga nis laoôeaoisqua diogfdfiobo an gaspahua adioôefdi diei bearb-

zbs i diei asparbozbs, diei sio3

- Nb rahrasfôo.- An foei^ fnfsei.

Nb trboslirebdfôo lâdnfdb.

An prfear laoôeaoi taogr2b nuhbr sf an pridasi adi-oôefdi ^ bnvfo-b b sulrfr nb grbeâtfdb fovartakrbdfôo



iodaobn duyi sbngi lfobn as nb sftubdfôo ga jiy. An fo.

eivfnfsei sa fepioa dubogi oi sa bpradfbo of sa ~gudao dbekfis sustbodfbnas ao ni qua b dradfefaoti sa

ralfara.Nb trboslioobdfôo diepirtb sfhois axtarfiras ga

dradfefaoti. Dubogi uo pbfs qua gasab trboslirebrsaoi sa gadfga b bkbogiobr lirebs ga vfgb y ga paosb-efaoti qua ikstbdunfzbo nb sbnfgb bn prihrasi. sa butikniquab.

Ao an dbsi ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn. sa sbka qua an ir-gao eirbn y curågfdi luario gaspfbgbeaota gastruf¸gis pir nb virâhfoa ga nb drfsfs iodaobn qua bofqufnô angfânihi dio an axtarfir. ga b ó nb oadasfgbg feparfisb

ga ralioobr y rairhbofzbr nb vfgb obdfiobn gogr nbBgefofstrbdfôo ]óknfdb qua oadasftb bgbptbrsa b nk

ouavbs axfhaodfbs.

Nb axpbosfôo astrudturbn pir itrb pbrta nnaoa uodbrâdtar bdtfvi pir duboti qua jb ga pitaodfbr y b.@ -

hurbr nbs trboslaraodfbs ga kfaoas prigudtfvis. boådu-nbr an fotardbekfi y gapnahbr nb diiparbdfôo dio itrispbCsas. ]ari tbekfæo tfaoa uo dbrædtar pbsfvi5 ao tboti qua fostrueaoti obdfiobn ga radapdfôo ga kfaoab

untrbobdfiobnas. Ao uoi y itri dbsi nb axpbosfôoastrudturbn sa bsidfb pir diovaofaodfb b uo r f t r f i ga

diiparbdfôo axtarfir ga dbrâdtar sanadtfvi ao luodfôoga nb utfnfgbg. ga nbs pralaraodfbs y gr nb fepirtbodfby dbtqIrtb ga nis fotarasas ikcati ga gaebogb obdfiobn. a nb fepiobodfb ga a drftarfi sanadtfvi ydubnflfdbtfvi ga nb diiparbdfôo sa gaspraoga qua anbpirta gan euogi axtarfir hrbvfnb aspadfbnovota

sikra3

- Wadoinihfb- Eagfis ga priguddfôo.- Dbpftbn lfobodfari.

- Axparfaodfbs a fovaofioab.

- Agudbdfôo.

Wigis nis fostrueaotis drabgis i dbpbdas ga eiltrnb trboslirebdfôo adioôefdb @) F2 uob oadasfgbg



prfurftbrfu ^n^nnn trotoeft oni g ~ nos ebtarfbs prfebs¡ u f o ~ ~ ~ - u " t i r f b r o ^ s . duyu ~ ~ p n i t b d f ô o y eboulbdturb-^.¸t^^nn ftt F O ^ . ' i o s t f t u y ~ o p i t ~ o d . 3 ¸ f b n o 2 a o t a bdtfvfgbgas

- ~ ~ ' ' ' - ' T ^.t>- s u t f ~ l ' t . ' r ) u ~ ot' . s f g o g ~ ~ g t . ~ ' iosuei ,. ga~ ~ f o ' ¸ ' - ' o ` ) l n t ~ & ¸]bt-b uob n n V B ~ u b ~ rao2bkfnfgbg t " ^ . - " i o ô e f ~ b prigudQ..

^ b t ^ t ^ ~ s . f o ~ b Hufoab A'-'ubtirfbn nis diepriefsis,

' ' ~ ~ s . . . 7... =Ttus bgqufsf7.. 'fôo ~ ~ ' a ' o t a o b r a s ga ti~ k . . k s C.a n t ^ $ Q ~ -.`- n r b ~ t I F ~ T Ina^3âofdis ga nbkio n n ^ . . ^ t ~ l - . . 2 r o ~ ~ t j . ~ ^` ~ ' $ . . Q t . ' . n b s tædofdbs. q u ~ nb

r a . . . ~ " ' ~ " n ~ s . f ^ b id ~ ^ D n ^ . n n n t " T suefofstris eaos . ^ ~ k f ~ ~ ~ ^ ` r o fk ~ t i o a n b g b s gai lfbekras' - ~ ~ ga n a ' t ~ 2 f i . r . Dubogi nis suefofstris~ ~ f i o a s oi ..Y 'IFnpbòbo ~ prihr e s y ga db-

pftbn ^[ - ga r a d u . ~ nfkra ga diotrb-ps.o`k.Y, k ~ n f . . . ~ ~ - f ô o a nbs o i . ~ g a s ga diosu-ei f ~ t T T2a ' Qnn'fa-3rtltn ao uo eâsd r ao duyin ~ n s pb.o.nfe.. qufzâ eigi fodiosdfaota ant r b ~ prupfi i g gasboiQi. Asti as e u " ^ ~ h o o ~ pbrbuo pb.ns qYua n` n priguda of gatarhaotas kfinôhfdis pbrban bb, 4gi ~ ripb. Nb axpbosfôo astrudturbn o f ~ta Ga^.. D3Tftb pareabkfnfzbrsa b nbs fepirtbdfioas gakfaoas qua prigudao kfaoas a d i i ô e f ~ An eacir

b p i o ~ t a r fi r rasuntb fodiodakfkna luarb ga uob pinf.tfdb adioôefdb ga bpnfdbdfôo ga eagfi lfobodfari,

sikra tigi ao nb agudbdfôo ao nb tadoinihfb. utfnfekna pir y pbrb nis sadtiras adioôefdis prigudtfvis.Ao ouastris gfbs, y b cuzh r pir an acaepni qua nis

pbfsas fogustrfbnfzbgis astâo gbogi b nis u ~nfbgis. nb eacir diiparbdfôo adioôefdb vb sfaeprauofgb n aepaòi tadoinôhfdi. Nis radursis adioôef-dis hufoaiadubtirfbois oi sa puagao axpnitbr oftrbislioobr dio an gakfgi bprivadjbefaoti b kbsa gasfepnas bgbptbdfioas tadoinôhfdbs y ga radapdfôo gatrboslaraodfbs ga pitaodfbs fogustrfbnas, sfoi b kbsaga fepunsbr nb fohaofartb, n prilasfôo y nb fovastfhb-

dfôo3 an trbtbefaoti aeplrfdi gan eagfi obturbn, dio-taoagir ga radursis girefgis, radnbeb nb prasaodfbga uob asduanb ga dbpbdftbdfôo i dubnflfdbdfôo ga nbdnbsa astugfbotfn. Nis astugfis prilasfiobnas dursbgis



t • n l f . ^ F ~ B ADN .-^ WIFQ. tN ]INAEFDB n. [l 7NFGBG

ao an axtrbocari (nb lirastbn. pir acaepni) oi sfaeprasio bgadubgis bn trbtbefaoti ga nis radursis pripfis3as avfgaota qua ao uo pbfs gaslirastbgi gioga yb saaxtfohufario nis kisquas prfo2brfis, nb fovastfhbdfôo y

n i ~ astugfis sikra nb ebgarb y sus sfstaebs ga rapiknbdfôo. dio brrahni bn pripfi dnfeb. taohbo uob irfaotbdfôo gflaraota.

An priknaeb prfebrfi ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn as a^gan astbknadfefaoti ga nbs folrbastrudturbs ga aqufpb¸

onfd 'oti. Rufara gadfrsa qua an bpirta a . ~ t a r f i r . sf oi^.'Ilntaepnbsa b tfaepi y dio an tfaepi astb gaebogb

ga nbs folrbastrudturbs ga t-qufpbefaoti. sfoi qua sa

nfeftbsa b bueaotbr an vinueao ga nb fepirtbdfôo ga.kfaoas ga diosuei. sôni disadjbråb an lrbdbsi.Ao itris asdaobrfis hrihrâlfdis gioga an ~ o a lirâ-

oai f o t a o ~ f o i ao an n ~ v o t e f a o t i ga folrbastrudturbsga gasbrrinni. tbekfæ-o sa priguci uob sbturbdfôo `

kaoalfdfis b lbvir gan ^."bpftbn foefhrbota3 ^is ei,¸f¸efaotis a ~ p a r f e a o t g i s pir n pnbo Ebrsjbnn ao ^b

pishuarrb ebo3brio juannbs aspadfbnas ao nis pbtsas

bolftrfioas qua rasij'fario brio2atar gfdji pnbo.Oi sarfb ouodb ga custfdfb asdbeitabr a^ ka.oalfdfi bpnboas lfobod.faris, astrudturbnfstbs i fo^-arsfiofstbsfotråosadis b nis b p i r t ~ s diiparbdfiofstbs. tadoi^ÔMf-dis, aeprasbrfbnas i fogustrfbnas lirboais.. dubogi surbzôo ga sar y su luodfôo a s ~ f l f d rbgfdb pradfsb

eaota ao bdtubr diei luarzb haoarbgirb ga kaoalfdfis, qua sa rfhao y sa sucatbo, diei nb pripfb adioieåb, bn prfodfpfi haoarbn ga asdbsæs3 sf bgeftfeis quaofohuob luarzb lfobodfarb as fobhitbkna diei pbrbpareftfrsa uo garridjbefaoti hrbtufti, jbkraeis gabgeftfr tbekfæo nb oadasfgbg ga uob raotbkfnfgbg pripirdfiobn bn vinueao ga nis bpirtas.

Ao an pnboi ga nb axpbosfôo astrudturbnfstb, cuoti bnfotahrbdfiofsei sukrahfiobn botarfireaota axpnfdbgi,duyis luogbeaotis sa ravanbo diei feparbtfvis gauob haihrblåb y ga uob blrfdbofgbg dieuoas, HufoabAdubtirfbn tfaoa uob bepnfb aslarb ga ranbdfôo ao nb

dieuofgbg ga nis puaknis jbknbotas gan aspbtfin a f ~rfdis-nbtfois ao haoarbn, dieuofgbg b nb qua partaoada



24< DIOTW.7.ntCW/OI IDJB B 3 F\A KAOHIKAT E

ga garadji jbstb an eieaoti3 pir nb fepriotb duntu-rbn, ranfhfisb, eirbn nfohþfåstfdb trbgfdfôo diniofzb-girb0 nb jfstirfb sa jbda sa hastb sinb dio fogapao-gaodfb ga nis gasais bdtftugas juebobs3 nb [apóknf-db ga Hufoab Adubtirfbn as prigudti ga uo pbsbgi

qua nb aepbraotb sahóo nbzis eirbnas nfohþåstfdis

aspfrftubnas, atd., dio nis puaknis qua fotahrbo nb di-euofgbg ga ralaraodfb. Nb trbgfdfôo sbhrbgb astâ pir

aodfeb ga nb gfstrfkudfôo haihrâlfdb ga nis puaknis ganb dieuofgbg ga Astbgis jarebois fogapaogfaotas a

fotardiotfoaotbnas.b

dieuofgbg as uo kfao suprbpi-nftfdi, dio gfeaosfioas juebofzbotas qua sio pradfsb-eaota an hrbo luogbeaoti ga nb galaosb pritaddfôo

ga nbs kbsas ebtarfbnas ga suksfstaodfb qua an jadji

dieuoftbrfi tfaoa, ao ranbdfôo dio nis efaekris eâs

gækfnas ao nb pisasfôo ga eagfis ga suksfstaodfb. -

gis nis puaknis partaoadfaotas obdfgis gaotri ga as-tb trbgfdfôo diseipinåtfdb partaoadao ga garadji bneuogi jfspâofdi, as gadfr hizbo gan garadji ga pbrtf-

dfpbdfôo ga pnaob fotahrbdfôo ao sus fostftudfioas afolrbastrudturbs ga prihrasi y gasbrrinni y astâodieprieatfgis dio uob efsfôo dieóo dio nb såota-sfs ga vbniras diotaofgis ao nb trbgfdfôo. Ebrhfobogiastb vfsfôo ikcatfvb ga nbs disbs dirrfaotas ga ipfofôohufoaôlikis dårdunis ga fotarasas jbo prataogfgigasvfrtubr astrbohunbr nb fotargapaogaodfb jfspboi-hufoabob bn prigudfrsa an pridasi ga fotahrbdfôo ga

asta óntfei Astbgi ao nb Dieuofgbg Adioôefdb ga supripfb rahfôo obturbn. As ikvfi an dbrâdtar bkarrbotaga nbs dråtfdbs jbkfgbs ao saotfgi oahbtfvi pasfefs-

ei sikra asta pridasi ga blrfdbofzbdfôo sf sa piogarbdio adubofefgbg radtftug ga fotaodfôo nis vargbga-

ris fotarasas obdfiobnas a fotarobdfiobnas ga HufoabAdufbtirfbn, tboti ga irgao adioôefdi diei ga irgaopinåtfdi. Ao nb pripfb Fkaribeærfdb jbda eâs ga trafo-tb bòis, dfodi Astbgis fogapaogfaotas vfodunbgisdio nb tieb ga diodfaodfb ga bkrfrsa b uobs våbs pinå-

tfdbs adioôefdbs jieihæoabs dieuoas pbrb bdda-gar b nb prisparfgbg b nb uofgbg drabkbo nb Irhbof-zbdfôo ga Astbgis ga Daotribeærfdb IGADB), duybs



HQFOAB ADQ WI[F N ]INAEFD V [A NFG G Cn8

prarrihbtfvbs diostftudfiobnas quagbrio fosdrftbs aonb Dbrtb ga Tbo Tbnvbgir (2612). qua lfrebrio nis pbf

sas gan fstei ga Beærfdb Daotrbn3 Jiogurbs. fdbrb

hub. Distb [fdb, Hubtaebnb y An Tbnvbgir Astbgis du-yb fotahrbdfôo ao irhbofseis diei nb IFD y itris oij o sulrfgi galirebdfioas pir su jadji sukrahfirbn¹pir quæ Hufoab Adubtirfbn jbkåb ga sulrfr uob e rhfobdfôo gfsdrfefobtirfb ao nbs fostftudfioas adioôef-dbs, tadoinôhfdbs y dfaotflfdbs ga nb dieuofgbg ga suastfrpa9 Diei jiekra parsiob Efofstri gan Hikfar-oi hufoaboi ga ef tfaepi. pfaosi y ea rasuanvi b sardbtahôrfdi pbrb blfrebr qua nb fosardfôo ga Hufoab

Adubtirfbn ao an eardbgi rahfiobn ga su aotiroihaihrâlfdi blrfdboi as uo feparbtfvi adioôefdi y

pinltfdi y su fosardfôo fotahrbdfiofstb ao nb dieuof-

gbg ga obdfioas ga su astfrpa uo feparbtfvi eirb^ ydunturbn foquakrbotbkna ga vbniras foeutbknas. A 'trabekis feparbtfvis oi axfsta diotrbpisfdfôo of tfaoao

dbkfgb nbs diotrivarsfbs. eâs kfao aotra bekis jbkrtbqua sftubr uo diobti ga raspati ao jieaobca b Hufoab

Adubtirfbn diei obdfôo civao bkidbgi ao uo giknabkbofdi ga aslarbs ga ranbdfôo. Dubnqufarb qua tuvfasa

nb jioastb fotaodfôo ga nb rabnfgbg hufoabob sa pardbtbrâ ga qua asta pbfs gasga an puoti ga v^stb f o t r ~euogboi tfaoa eudjbs blfofgbgas dio ^is Astbgis ganb sukrahfôo tboti nis ga irgao haihrâlfdi diei nis

ga irgao jfstôrfdi prigudti ga nb avinudfôo diniofb^3nbs saduaodfbs adioôefdbs pistunbo dio.2uodf<o ga asluarzis. Bpradfbr uob dinfsfôo aotra ^b rabnfgbg bP rfdbob ga Hufoab AdubtirfbnYy su sar jfspâofdi as vftuparbr nb rabnfzbdfôo sbob y oikna ga uo puakni qua

astraob sikarboåb sfo gfsfeunbr pracuj.3fus ga kbsa nidubn pigråb bdbrrabr gasdiolfbozb ao nis puaknis ka

ribearfdbois ao gatrfeaoti ga su bddasi b Bnrfdboahrb pir Hufoab Adubtirfbn. b gaspadji gan gakfnftbefaoti ga nbs ranbdfioas dio Aspbòb, ^b botfhub ea-

trôpinf.Nb dbrhb adioôefdb ga irgao lfobodfari qua ao as

tis ebeao tis ga drfsfs pasb sikra Hufoab Adubtirfbnralarfgb b nb raduparbdfôo pbrdfbn i titbn ga nb aspa>



Obdfgi ao an piknbgiga Osbohbyioh, ao nb

]rivfodfb ga Xana Osâs

ga nb [ahfôo Diotfoaotbng] nb [apóknfdb ga Huf-oab ¸Adubtirfbn, an 28 galakrari ga 2674. Iktfaoaan dartfl fdbgi ga astugfisanaeaotbnas ao 2617 y anga nis astugfis prfebrfisao 2618 ao Hrupi Asdinbr«Haoarbnåsfei Lrbodi°,ao Ttb. Fsbkan bdt ubn Dfu-gbg ga Ebnbki .

Iktaofgi an tåtuni ga kbdjfnnarbti suparfir ao.an

Fostftuti ga Aosaòbozb Eagfb «Dbrgaobn Dfsoaris°ga Tbotb Fsbkan bdtub neaota Ebnbki), ao 26<8fohrasb ao nb Qofvarsfgbg Diep nutaosa ga Eb-grfg , gioga sa nfdaodfb ao Lfnisilåb y Natrbs, as -padfbnfzâogisa ao nb rbeb ga Haihrblåb a Jfs-tirfb . Ao Aspbòb rabnfzb tbekfæo astugfis ga Dfao-

dfbs ]inåtfdbs, Dfaodfbs ga nb Folirebdfôo yLfninihåb [ieâofdb . Ao 2687 prasaotô su tasfs gaa

Ocha’a Mve, Constantino. Guinea Ecuatorial: polémica y realidad. [S.l.: Guinea, 1985.

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Transcript of Ocha’a Mve, Constantino. Guinea Ecuatorial: polémica y realidad. [S.l.: Guinea, 1985.