7/28/2019 Marxismo y Biologa Celular-Puede perspectivas polticas enriquecer la ciencia

1/4

BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions,

research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.

Marxism & Cell Biology: Can political perspectives enrich science?Author(s): Douglas Allchin, Department Editor

Source: The American Biology Teacher, 70(5):303-305. 2008.

Published By: National Association of Biology Teachers

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1662/0002-7685(2008)70[303:MCBCPP]2.0.CO;2

URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1662/0002-7685%282008%2970%5B303%3AMCBCPP

%5D2.0.CO%3B2

BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological,and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books

published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of

BioOnes Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use.

Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial

inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder.

http://www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_usehttp://www.bioone.org/http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1662/0002-7685%282008%2970%5B303%3AMCBCPP%5D2.0.CO%3B2http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1662/0002-7685%282008%2970%5B303%3AMCBCPP%5D2.0.CO%3B2http://dx.doi.org/10.1662/0002-7685(2008)70[303:MCBCPP]2.0.CO;2

7/28/2019 Marxismo y Biologa Celular-Puede perspectivas polticas enriquecer la ciencia

2/4

6JGTGKUPQTQ[CNTQCFVQUEKGPEGCPFQPN[VJQUGYJQFQPQVFTGCFVJGHCVKIWKPIENKODQHKVUUVGGRRCVJUJCXGCEJCPEGQHICKPKPIKVUNWOKPQWUUWOOKVU

,BSM.BSY&CU-CRKVCN

'FXCJPMPHZUFBDIFSTIBWFMJLFMZIFBSEPG"MFY/PWJLPGG'JHVSFXIJMFTVSFMZ SFDPHOJ[JOH UIF GSVJUTPGIJTTDJFODF)FIFMQFEEJTDPWFSMZTPTPNFTJOWJTVBMJ[JOHUIFPSHBOFMMFUIBU$ISJTUJBOEF%VWFIBEDIBSBDUFSJ[FE

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

QFDUFE $PNNVOJTU 8IFO 8PSME 8BS **CFHBO/PWJLPGGXBOUFEUPTFSWFUIFOBUJPO)FBQQMJFEGPSBNFEJDBMDPNNJTTJPOJOUIFNJMJUBSZ)FXBTUXJDFEFOJFEIPXFWFSEVFUPEPVCUTBCPVUIJTMPZBMUZ)FMBUFSDPOTVMUFEGPSUIF"SNZPOUXPCJPMPHJDBMGJMNTVOUJM

UIFZGPVOEIJTWBHVF$PNNVOJTUSFDPSE0OFXPOEFST%JETPNFPOFJNBHJOFUIBUIFDPVMESFOEFSFO[ZNFTBOEDBSCPIZESBUF NFUBCPMJTN TVCWFSTJWF -BUFS /PWJLPGG MPTU IJTGBDVMUZQPTJUJPOOPUGPSBOZQPMJUJDBMBDUJWJUZCVUGPSJOWPLJOHUIF'JGUI"NFOENFOUJOBOUJ$PNNVOJTUIFBSJOHTBOEEFTQJUF SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT GSPN GFMMPX GBDVMUZ BCPVU IJTUJSFMFTTSFTFBSDIFGGPSUT*OTIPSUDVMUVSBMQPMJUJDTBEWFSTFMZBGGFDUFE/PWJLPGGTTDJFOUJGJDDBSFFS

/PWJLPGGTDBTFNBZTFFNBUGJSTUUPFQJUPNJ[FIPXTDJFODFBOEQPMJUJDTEPOUNJY:FUJUBMTPJMMVTUSBUFTWJWJEMZUIBU TDJFODF JTOPU XIPMMZ JOTVMBUFE GSPNDVMUVSF EFTQJUFQPQVMBSJNBHFTPGTDJFODFBTQVSFBOEUSBOTDFOEFOUBM)PXBSFUIFUXPUPDPFYJTU5IFDBTFNBZTFFNUPDPOGJSNBXJEFTQSFBEJNQSFTTJPOUIBUQPMJUJDTDBOPOMZEBNBHFPSJOUFSGFSFXJUIUIFDPOEVDUPGTDJFODF4UJMMPOFNBZQSPGJUBCMZDPOTJEFSUIFBTTVNQUJPOBOPUIFSTBDSFECPWJOFUIBUTDJFODFJTCFTUTIFMUFSFEGSPNQPMJUJDBMJEFPMPHJFT

/PWJLPGGTTUPSZXPVMEOPUCFOFBSMZTPFOHBHJOHOPSQFSIBQTNFSJUNVDIGVSUIFSDPNNFOUJGIJTQPMJUJDTEJEOPU BMTP QPTJUJWFMZ JOGMVFODF IJT XPSL 5SBDFT PG .BSYJTUJEFBT QFSNFBUF IJTDPODFQUVBM PVUMPPL BOEIJT JOUFSQSFUB

UJPOT PG FWJEFODF BT XFMM BTIJTQSPGFTTJPOBM DPOEVDU $FMM

CJPMPHZ PG BMM TVCKFDUT NBZTFFN JODSFEJCMZ SFNPUF GSPNQPMJUJDT :FU /PWJLPGGT XPSLDBSFGVMMZ DPOTJEFSFE TIPXTIPX QPMJUJDBM JEFPMPHZ NBZTPNFUJNFTDPOUSJCVUFGSVJUGVMMZUP UIF QSBDUJDF BOE FWFO UIFDPOUFOUPGTDJFODF6MUJNBUFMZTVDI BOBMZTJT NJHIU EFFQFOSFGMFDUJPOPOUIFOBUVSFPGTDJFODFBOEXIBUTUVEFOUTNJHIUMFBSOBCPVUXIBUNBLFTLOPXMFEHFSFMJBCMF

%JBMFDUJDT$FMMT/PWJLPGG DBNF GSPN B

QPPS TUSVHHMJOH JNNJHSBOUGBNJMZ "O PVUTUBOEJOH TUVEFOU IF HSBEVBUFE GSPN IJHITDIPPM BU BHF GPVSUFFO 8IFO

IF DPNQMFUFE TUVEJFT BU $PMVNCJB 6OJWFSTJUZ JOTUJUVUJPOTIBE CFHVO MJNJUJOH PQQPSUVOJUJFT GPS +FXT %FTQJUF TUFMMBSDSFEFOUJBMT"MFYXBTOPUBENJUUFEUPNFEJDBMTDIPPM)FXBTCJUUFSBOEEFWFMPQFEBOVODPNQSPNJTJOHBEWPDBDZGPSTPDJBMKVTUJDF5IPTF GFFMJOHTXFSFJHOJUFEXIFOIFCFHBOUFBDIJOHBU #SPPLMZO $PMMFHF JO BOE FODPVOUFSFE EJTQBSJUJFT

.BSYJTN$FMM#JPMPHZ

%CPRQNKVKECNRGTURGEVKXGUGPTKEJUEKGPEG!

SACREDB

O

VINES

DOUG L A S A L L CH I N , D E P A RT M E N T E D I T O R

SACRED BOVINES 303

&17).#5#..%*+0JCUVCWIJVDQVJJKIJUEJQQNCPFEQNNGIGDKQNQI[CPFPQYVGCEJGU*KUVQT[QH5EKGPEGCVVJG7PKXGTUKV[QH/KPPGUQVC/KPPGCRQNKU/0GOCKNUCETGFDQXKPGU"PCDVQTI*GKUC (GNNQY CV VJG /KPPGUQVC%GPVGT HQT VJG 2JKNQUQRJ[ QH5EKGPEGCPFGFKVUVJG5*K254GUQWTEG%GPVGTUJKRUWOPGFW*GJKMGURJQVQITCRJUNKEJGPCPFGPLQ[UVGC

Figure 1. Alex Novikoff in 1955, at the elec-tron microscope of Albert Einstein College of

Medicine. Photo by Jay Walker, courtesy of Phyllis Novikoff.

7/28/2019 Marxismo y Biologa Celular-Puede perspectivas polticas enriquecer la ciencia

3/4

CFUXFFOKVOJPSBOETFOJPSGBDVMUZCMJOEUPBCJMJUZ'PS/PWJLPGG$PNNVOJTU JEFPMPHZ PGGFSFE QSPTQFDUJWF TPMVUJPOT UP XIBUTFFNFEBOVOKVTUQPXFSTUSVDUVSF

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

/PWJLPGG QSJWJMFHFE OFJUIFS BUPNJTN OPS PSHBOJDJTN/POFUIFMFTTIF SFTFSWFEIJTTUSPOHFTUDSJUJDJTNTGPSUIFSFEVD

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

/PWJLPGG DPOUJOVFE UP BQQMZ.BSYT EJBMFDUJDBM BQQSPBDIGSVJUGVMMZPWFSUIFOFYUUISFFEFDBEFT VQJKUKPXGUVKICVKQPUQHEGNNU *OBSFEVDUJPOJTUWFJOIFMPDBMJ[FECJPDIFNJDBMGVODUJPOTUPQBSUTXJUIJODFMMT#VUIFBMTPEJEOPUMPTFTJHIUPGDPOUFYUBOENPSFIPMJTUJD QFSTQFDUJWFT )F TUVEJFE MZTPTPNFT BOE QFSPYJTPNFTJOEJWFSTFDFMMUZQFTBOEUJTTVFTBOEJOQBUIPMPHJDBMDPOEJUJPOTTVDIBTGBUUZMJWFSUVNPSTPSOFQISPTJT5IBUSFWFBMFEIPXUIFTBNFVOJUTEJGGFSFEEFQFOEJOHPOWBSJPVTDFMMVMBSDPOUFYUTPSXIPMFT

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

/PWJLPGGT QPMJUJDBM QFSTQFDUJWF MFE UP BO BQQSFDJBUJPO PGIPXQBSUTSFMBUFEJOGPSNJOHIJHIFSMFWFMTPGCJPMPHJDBMPSHBOJ[B

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

.BUFSJBMJTN&WPMVUJPO

5IFQBQFSPOJOUFHSBUJWFMFWFMTFYIJCJUFEBOPUIFSDPSF

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

/PWJLPGGTEJTDVTTJPOIBEQPMJUJDBMPWFSUPOFTIFSFBTXFMM.BOZGPMMPXFSTPG4QFODFSDMBJNFEUIBUQSPHSFTTXBTOBUVSBMBOEUIBUIVNBOTTIPVMEOPUEJTUVSCJUMFTUJUDFBTF5IFZQSPNPUFEBMBJTTF[GBJSFBQQSPBDIUPTPDJFUZ 5CETGF$QXKPGU'SPNB$PNNVOJTUQFSTQFDUJWF/PWJLPGGDPVMEFBTJMZTFFUIBUTVDIBOBSHVNFOUBJNFEBUQSFTFSWJOHUIFTUBUVTRVPTFSWFEPOMZUIFJOUFSFTUTPGUIFBMSFBEZQPXFSGVM)FDBMMFETVDIUSVTUJO QSPHSFTT VOTPVOE GBUBMJTN 3BUIFS TPDJBM QSPHSFTT IFEFDMBSFESFTUTVQPOUIFQMBOOFEBDUJWJUJFTPGNFOQ*OBTFOTFIFTFUQPMJUJDBMBDUJPOJOBCJPMPHJDBMDPOUFYU

$PNNVOJTU JEFPMPHZ BJNFE UP JOTQJSF MBCPSFST UP BDU UPDIBOHFIJTUPSZNBUFSJBMMZ/PWJLPGGFDIPFEUIPTFTFOUJNFOUTJOQPSUSBZJOHUIFFWPMVUJPOPGIVNBOTBOEUIFJSUSBJUT)FPCTFSWFEUIBUIVNBOTBSFBCMFUPDPOUSPMUIFJSFOWJSPONFOU5IFZBSFOPUCPVOE UP UIFJSQPMJUJDBMIJTUPSZ5IFJS JOUFMMJHFODF MJLFXJTF JTQMBTUJD1PMJUJDBMDIBOHFJTQPTTJCMF)FGVSUIFSDPNNFOUFEUIBUNBOQPTTFTTFTBVOJRVFIFBEBOEIBOEQBMMVEJOHJOQBSUJDVMBS UP UIF QPXFS PGNBOVBM MBCPSFST .BSYJTU JEFPMPHZHBWFTQFDJBMSFMFWBODFUPDFSUBJOGFBUVSFTPGFWPMVUJPO

/PWJLPGGBMTPWJFXFETDJFODFDPODSFUFMZBTBGPSNPGXPSL*OUIFPQFOJOHBOEDMPTJOHDIBQUFSTPGIJTUFYUCPPLIFQSPGJMFEUIFIJTUPSZBOENFUIPETPGDFMMCJPMPHZ4DJFODFXBTOPUTUBUJD

304 THE AMERICA N BIOLOGY TEACHER, VOLUME 70, NO. 5, MAY 2008

7/28/2019 Marxismo y Biologa Celular-Puede perspectivas polticas enriquecer la ciencia

4/4

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

QSPEVDF UIF JNBHFT SFUVSOJOHUP SFQFBU UIF SPVUJOFBHBJO UIFOFYUEBZ$PMMFBHVFT SFQFBUFEMZEFTDSJCFE/PWJLPGGTFGGPSUTBTUJSFMFTT)FDFSUBJOMZFYFNQMJGJFEUIFQSJODJQMFWBMVJOHNBUFSJBMXPSL

4PDJBMJTN'JOBMMZ POFNBZOPUF IPX/PWJLPGGT.BSYJTUPSJFOUBUJPO

BGGFDUFEUIFQSBDUJDFOPUKVTUUIFDPOUFOUPGIJTTDJFODF4PDJBMJTUJEFBMTXFSFFYQSFTTFEJONBOZXBZT'JSTU/PWJLPGGXBTPOFPGUIFGJSTUUPXSJUFTDJFODFCPPLTGPSDIJMESFO%NKODKPI1WT(COKN[6TGG C BO JOUSPEVDUJPO UP FWPMVUJPO JT B MBOENBSL JODIJMESFOTMJUFSBUVSF/PWJLPGGOPUZFUXJUIDIJMESFOPGIJTPXODMFBSMZTBXFWFOZPVOHSFBEFSTBTJNQPSUBOU4PUPPQSFTVNBCMZ

EJEUIF$PNNVOJTUQSFTTUIBUQVCMJTIFEUIFCPPL5IFUFYUJTJOGPSNBUJWFXIJMF BMTP IJHIMJHIUJOH .BSYJTU UIFNFT /PWJLPGGESBNBUJ[FEFWPMVUJPOBSZJOOPWBUJPOTTVDIBTIPNFPTUBUJDJOUFSOBMFOWJSPONFOUTUIFUSBOTJUJPOUPMBOEJOUFSOBMEFWFMPQNFOUBOEIPNFPUIFSNZBTTUFQT JOPSHBOJTNTCFDPNJOHGSFFSGSPNUIFJSFOWJSPONFOU5IFGJOBMDIBQUFSTJOUSPEVDFEIVNBOTPDJFUZUPPBTBQSPEVDUPGFWPMVUJPOBOEVOEFSTDPSFEUIFCBTJTGPSDVMUVSFBOEDPPQFSBUJPO.FOXPSLJOHXJUIFBDIPUIFSIFDPODMVEFEDBOCFDPNFFWFSNPSFGSFFFWFSNPSFIVNBOQ

4FDPOE/PWJLPGGWJFXFEUIFTDJFOUJGJDDPNNVOJUZBTPOFPGFRVBMQFFST/PUBMMTDJFOUJTUTEP"UPOFMFWFMIFHFOFSPVTMZTIBSFEDSFEJUGPSXPSLEPOF/FBSMZBMMIJTQVCMJTIFEQBQFSTBSFDPBVUIPSFE.PSFEFFQMZIFXBTBMTPPQFOUPDPOWFSTJOHXJUI

BOZPOFNVDIUPUIF TVSQSJTFPGTUVEFOUTBOEKVOJPSTDJFOUJTUT4VDI EJTDPVSTF QSPNPUFT UIF FYDIBOHF PG JEFBT (JWFO UIBU/PWJLPGGFOEPSTFEEJBMFDUJDTIFBMTPFOKPZFEUIFPQQPSUVOJUZUPWJHPSPVTMZEFCBUFBMUFSOBUFWJFXTXJUIBOZPOFZFUHSBDJPVTMZDPODFEFEXIFOTIPXOUPCFXSPOH5IBUTPDJBMJTUTQJSJUDPOUSJCVUFEUPDSJUJDBMBOBMZTJTBOEUIFSFCZUPNPSFSPCVTUTDJFOUJGJDDPODMVTJPOT

*OUFSQSFUJOH1PMJUJDTJO4DJFODF/PUBMMJOGMVFODFTPGQPMJUJDTPOTDJFODFBSFQPTJUJWFTVSFMZ

0OFNBZSFBEJMZQPJOU UP-ZTFOLPTOPUPSJPVT TVQQSFTTJPO PG.FOEFMJTN JOUIF GPSNFS 4PWJFU6OJPO(JWFO/PWJLPGGT DBTFIPXFWFSPOFNVTURVBMJGZBOZVOJWFSTBMOFHBUJWFDMBJN0OFNBZ

BMTPCFUFNQUFEUPDPOTJEFS/PWJLPGGBTKVTUBHPPECJPMPHJTUIJTBDIJFWFNFOUTXIPMMZVOSFMBUFEUPIJTQPMJUJDT)PXFWFSTVDIB DPODMVTJPO GBJMT UP FYQMBJOJQY /PWJLPGG DBNF CZ IJT TLJMMT5IFMBOHVBHFPGIJTQVCMJDBUJPOTJOQBSUJDVMBSMFBWFTOPEPVCUBCPVUIJTDPODFQUVBMSPPUT5PFYQMBJO/PWJLPGGTTDJFOUJGJDBDIJFWFNFOUTGVMMZIJTQFSTPOBMIJTUPSZBOE.BSYJTUQFSTQFDUJWFBSFFTTFOUJBM

/PWJLPGGT TDJFODF XBT TDJFODF JO QBSU CFDBVTF JU XBTOPUGZENWUKXGN[.BSYJTU/PSEJE/PWJLPGGFWFSQSFTFOUQPMJUJDBMBSHVNFOUT UPLWUVKH[ IJTDPODMVTJPOT BT-ZTFOLPEJE 3BUIFSIJT QPMJUJDBM JEFPMPHZ GVODUJPOFE JOXIBU QIJMPTPQIFST PG TDJFODF TPNFUJNFT DBMM UIF DPOUFYU PG EJTDPWFSZ "DDPSEJOHMZ/PWJLPGGTJEFPMPHZXBTBWBMVBCMFUPPMGPSHFOFSBUJOHBMUFSOBUJWF

BQQSPBDIFTPSQSPCJOHQPTTJCMFJOUFSQSFUBUJPOT/PWJLPGGDPVMETPNFUJNFTBQQSFDJBUFXIBUPUIFSTDPVMEOPUEVFUPUIFCMJOETQPUTPGUIFJSDPODFQUVBMPSJFOUBUJPOT4DJFODFBMTPSFMJFTPOBDPNQMFNFOUBSZ DPOUFYU PG KVTUJGJDBUJPO XIFSF TUBOEBSET PGFWJEFODF BQQMZ 4DJFODF FWPMWFT UISPVHI B DPVQMJOHPGCMJOEWBSJBUJPOCPFTFMFDUJWFSFUFOUJPOBQSPDFTTGBNJMJBSUPCJPMPHJTUT

/PWJLPGGEJEJOEFFESFTQFDUBSHVNFOUTGPSBMUFSOBUJWFT*OIJTTUVEZPGDFMMVMBSFO[ZNFTGPSFYBNQMFIFGJSTUJOUFSQSFUFEUIFIFUFSPHFOFJUZPGIJTGSBDUJPOTBTWBSJBUJPOTJOUIFTJ[FBOEFO[ZNFBDUJWJUZPGUIFLOPXOPSHBOFMMFTUIFNJUPDIPOESJBBOENJDSPTPNFTSJCPTPNFT"GUFS$ISJTUJBOEF%VWF MFBSOFEPGUIFSFTVMUTUIFUXPNFUJO/FX:PSLBOEDIBUUFEJO$FOUSBM1BSL %F %VWF TIBSFE IJT SFTVMUT JOEJDBUJOH UIF QSFTFODF PGBO VOEPDVNFOUFE PSHBOFMMF UIF MZTPTPNF /PWJLPGG BDDFQUFEIJT JOUFSQSFUBUJPO5IF UXPXFOU PO UPDPMMBCPSBUF CSJFGMZ BOECFDBNFMJGFMPOHGSJFOET1PMJUJDBMJEFPMPHZDBOCFQSPEVDUJWFTPMPOHBTPOFTUJMMMJTUFOTUPDSJUJDJTNBOENJOETUIFFWJEFODF

6MUJNBUFMZ/PWJLPGGT.BSYJTUQPMJUJDBMQFSTQFDUJWFFOSJDIFETDJFODF*SPOJDBMMZTVDISFBMBOEGSVJUGVMJOGMVFODFTXFSFOFWFSUIF DPODFSOPG UIF BOUJ$PNNVOJTU EFNBHPHVFT XIPEPHHFE/PWJLPGGGPSUIFBMMFHFEMZTVCWFSTJWFDPOTFRVFODFTPGIJTQPMJUJDBMWJFXT

3FGFSFODFT"MMDIJO % 4PDJBM VO%BSXJOJTN 6JG #OGTKECP $KQNQI[

6GCEJGT

"MMDIJO % "MFY #FOKBNJO /PWJLPGG 0GY &KEVKQPCT[ QH5EKGPVKHKE$KQITCRJ[%FUSPJU.*$IBSMFT4DSJCOFST4POT

)PMNFT%3 5VCNMKPIVJG #ECFGOKE%QOOWPKUV +PVGNNGEVWCN(TGGFQOCPFVJG(KTKPIQH#NGZ0QXKMQHH)BOPWFS756OJWFSTJUZ1SFTTPG/FX&OHMBOE

/PWJLPGG"# B5IFDPODFQUPGJOUFHSBUJWFMFWFMTBOECJPMPHZ5EKGPEG

/PWJLPGG " # C %NKODKPI 1WT (COKN[ 6TGG /FX :PSL

*OUFSOBUJPOBM1VCMJTIFST

/PWJLPGG "#)PMU[NBO & %GNNUCPF 1TICPGNNGU/FX:PSL)PMU3JOFIBSUBOE8JOTUPO

SACRED BOVINES 305

Costa Rican Adventures & Infinite Forest2002 Addison Street, Suite 202

Berkeley, CA 94704

Kelly Walsh

kelly@costaricanadventures.com

www.costaricanadventures.com

510-649-1000 or 800-551-7887

f:510-649-0212

Costa Rican Adventures is a small company which has dedi-

cated 14 years to creating a healthier and more sustainable

planet through eco-centered travel. We offer experiences for

travelers of all ages to explore and personally connect with

the natural wonders of the Earth.