LA RELIGIÓN JUDÍA_LA TORA

8/13/2019 LA RELIGIN JUDA_LA TORA

1/63

SEGUNDA SECCIN

AMARS AL SEOR TU DIOS. LA TORH

La Torh es uno de los pilares del judasmo de cualquier poca y orientacin. ParaSimn el Justo, es uno de los tres pilares del mundo, junto con el culto y las obras demisericordia !. "b #,$%. Sin la Torh no se puede comprender ni la reli&in ni la historiajuda. 'l tar&um (en ),$* la considera como rbol de la +ida y un midrs la presenta como


2/63

el re&alo que ios dio a "dn y '+a en sustitucin del rbol de la +ida, cuando -ueronepulsados del paraso#

'l concepto de Torh es muy amplio. 'n l se sinteti/a toda la reli&in juda en cuantodilo&o de ios con su pueblo0 por una parte, es palabra de ios que eli&e, sal+a, ense1a yordena se&uir el camino de la sal+acin2 por otra, es respuesta del pueblo que responde dedi+ersas maneras a esta accin de ios.

'n los si&uientes captulos se o-recen estas di+ersas -acetas. 'n primer lu&ar se presenta

la Torh &lobalmente 3aturale/a de la Torh0 captulo $#% y se contin4a anali/ando sus dosmodos -undamentales de epresin0 escrita captulo $$%, oral captulo $)% y losmandamientos, su modo normal de epresin captulo $*%. " continuacin se epone larespuesta del hombre0 la hala5 como camino para hacer la +oluntad de ios captulo $)%,las instituciones de que se sir+e el judo para +i+ir la Torh captulos $6 y $7% y las obrasliterarias donde se reco&e la tradicin juda sobre la Torh captulo $8%.

1Cf. L. GINZBERG, The Le&ends o- the Je9s I, n.81.


3/63

CAPTULOI

3"T:;"L'?$

I. ETIMOLOGA!USODELAPALABRA

E" n#$%&' T#&() *' '$+"' -' -/'&** f#&$*0 *' &%23' 2n 4#"'445n -' "'3'*, " P'n'24#, #- " B%", #- "&-45n %(*4 -' I*&'". P#& '""# 4#n/'n' /'& *2 *'n-# #&6n"3 n"7& "#* -/'&*#* 2*#*. E$#"564$'n' /'n' -' " &7)'%&' yrd, 92' ':+&'* " -' -' ense1ar, 'n 4#n4&'# '* 2n*2*n/# -'&/-# -' " f#&$ 42*/ # )f", 4#n '" *'n-# -'lo que ense1a)2 *6nf4;, +2'*, instruccin ?@ P/ 1,8@=,>?, dictamen, prescripcin -'" *4'&-#' . C#n '*' F"$# *'n-# -'"'3, *' +2'-' &'f'&& 2n +&'*4&+45n 4#n4&' # 2n . E" *'n-# %(*4#, +2'*, '*'n*'n7, 92' *' 'n'n-' *'$+&' +& " /-, 'n*'n7

+&(44, 3 2n f#&$ 4#n4&' -' '"" '* " "'3, " n#&$.En " +#4 +'&* *' -# '" n#$%&' -' T#&() #-# '"

4#nJ2n# -' " &-45n $#*4 K#&" 3 '*4&K, 42n-# "2#&-- +'&* " &'4#n#45 4#$# L'3 -' E*-#. S' &% -'2n &-45n 92' &'4#6 "# 92' D#* )7# 'n f/#& -'" +2'%"# 3*' 4#n4'n&% 'n " "n7, 'n " 92' D#* +&'*4&%' +#& $'-#-' "'3'* 45$# '" +2'%"# 'n' 92' &'*+#n-'& 'n 42n# +2'%"# -'D#*. T#&(), +2'*, 'n' 4&(4'& -' n*&2445n, 'n*'n7,-4$'n 3 "'3 -- +#& D#* 3 92' '" +2'%"# -'%' #%*'&/&. T#-#

J2n#. D'*-' '" +2n# -' /* +&(44#, " "'6*"45n '* "

4#n4&'45n -' #-#, +' n# 'n' *'n-#

>Cf. , HAEE!, Torh0 E 1, 1>=1>8@ P. SCHER, Tor0 D =*@ T#&()0R >8>81@ S. SCHECHTER, Some "spects o- ;abbinic Theolo&y, 11=1=@EPHRAIME. URBACH, The Sa&es I, >8**@ Torh0 DE 11>;11>.Cf. # *2*n/# -' " $*$ &7, moreh, '" 92' 'n*' # $'*.;Cf. L. ALONSOSCHQEL,iccionario @blico ?ebreoA'spa1ol, =.


4/63


5/63

D.$#. 3aturale/a de la Torh 81

n7 -' " T#&() #&" 'n 6'n'&"=3 *2 '*2-#, "62n* "'3'*92' *' 4#n*-'&n '*'n4"'*8, " "'6*"45n 92' *' +"4 'n 2n445n -''&$n-, +#& 'J'$+"# T#&() -'" )#"#42*#, T#&()-'" *4&f4# ':+#, * '* " T#&() +& 2n 4*#4#n4&'#. En B'& => *' ""$ n4"2*# T#&() " 4#$+#&$'n# -'

2n $'* 'n 42n# 92' 'n " aprende -' f#&$ 4#n4&' '"-*4+2"# 45$# n'&+&'& " T#&() -- +#& D#*. E* 62"$'n'T#&() " B%" '*4&. L#* &%n#* $#&* 4#nnFn '" $*$#2*#, -'*6nn-# 4#n '" &$n# n# " T#&() #&" 4#$# " '*4&.En 4#n4&'#, T#&() *6nf4 #- " B%" 4#n *2* +&'*, "*"'3'*, "* )*#&*, "#* ':#* +f4#*, "#* 4#n*'J#* -' "#**%#*@ -'n -' '"", /'4'* *' &%23' *5"# " P'n'24# K)*#&* 3 n#&$*K # -' f#&$ $(* '*&4 *5"# "#* =1

+&'4'+#* 92' 4#n'n'. 2n# '*# *#n T#&() #-* "*':+"44#n'* #&"'* 'n-'n'* +"4& " "n7, #- "&-45n #&" )"(4. In4"23', +2'*, " E*4&2& 3 " &-45n#&" )"(4 4#n *2* $#/4#n'* )*5&4*, '* -'4&, #-# '"**'$ &'"6#*# 3 *2* 4#$+#n'n'* 'n 42n# 92', -' 42'&-#4#n '" *6nf4-# #&6n" -' T#&(), 'n'n 4+4-- -' instruir,educar " J2-# 4#$# $'$% -'" +2'%"# -' D#*.

P#& '""#, +'*& -' " ':'n*5n -'" 4#n'n-#, #-# 4#n/'&6''n " "n7 3 *2 //'n4 42" $'-n' " 4'+45n 4#&-"-' " /#"2n- -' D#* $nf'*- 'n " L'3. D' 92 92' "&-2445n -' T#&() +#& L'3 *2%&3' " &'*+2'* %(*4 -'")#$%&'.

Nomos en los LXX. L#* L &-24'n T#&() 4#n nomos. S'6Fn"62n#*, '*' )'4)# ) -''&$n-# '" 92' *' -'nf92' T#&() 4#n "'3, '"92' *' &'*&nJ *2 *'n-# " "'3 '*4& 3 '" 92' *' 'n6 2n /*5n"'6"* -'" J2-*$# &'"6#*#, #"/-n-# #-#* "#* *+'4#* )*5&4#*,*#'"564#* 3 $#&"'* -' T#&(). E* +&'445n, *n '$%&6#, n# '*4#&&'4. E* 4'

=Cf. M. A% I,1@ Sn) I,>.Cf, M. A% II,>.@ III,1.8Cf. M. H6 I,8. Cf. C. H. DODD, 92' '*4&%'0 '*( 4" 92' -2&n' '" +'-# )'"'n* '"*'n-# -' T#&(), 4#$# 45-6# -' #%*'&/n4* &'"6#** +& 2n 4#$2n--&'"6#*, '& '" *'n-# 4#&&'n' 3 n#&$/# 3, 4#n '*' *'n-#, *' "'3'n #-*"* #42&&'n4* -' " +"%& 'n '" AT. A* '" +# +f'4' -' &'"65n *' #42"5 3 "&'/'"45n %%"4 *' 4#n4%5 'n &$n#* "'6"** &6-#* ...V "#* +'n*-#&'*f#&$-#* 'n '" J2-*$# )'"'n*, 4#$# P%"#, #+2*'n '* &'"65n "'6" "-'" E*+&2 The @ible and the (ree5s L#n-#n 1V ;, 4-# +#& EPHRAIME,URBACH, O.C, >88. Cf. $%n 'n " $*$ "n' P. STEANI, Bntrodu/ioneallEebraismo, .


6/63

8> P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

92' 'n '" J2-*$# *' )n --# +#*2&* "'6"**, n# 'n '")'"'n* 4#$# 'n '" +"'*n#, +' '*' f'n5$'n# $%n *' -'n '" 4&*n*$# 3 'n #-#* "#* $#/$'n#* &'"6#*#* 3 'n' *2*42** ++*, 'n&' "* 42"'* n# )3 92' 4#n& " &-2445n 32*# 92' )4' "#* L. C#$# #%*'&/ E+)&$ E. U&%4)1?, "&-2445n -' "#* L '* 4#&&'4 3 n# 'n' *'n-# "'6"*, 3

92' "#* J2-#* -' A"'Jn-& '$+"'n nomos 'n 2n *'n-#'92/"'n' T#&() 3 n# )3 &75n +& +'n*& 92' n# 'n6"#%&"* &-4#n'* #&"'*. P&'4' *'& 92' +& "#* J2-#* -' A"'Jn-&" T#&() n# '& 2n +"%& *n# 2n institucin, 92' 'n4&n "A"n7 'n&' D#* 3 *2 +2'%"# 3 &'f"'J 2n 4#$+"'J# -'$n-$'n#* 3 -' '*2#*, -' 4#*2$%&'* 3 &-4#n'* 2n-* " )*#& -'" +2'%"# 3 "* 44#n'* -' *2* J'f'*, -' *2* &'3'* 3-' *2* +f'*. D-# '*' 4#n'n-#, "#* L &-24'n T#&() 4#nnomos 'n '" *'n-# -' constitucin o r&imen de +ida -' 2n

+2'%"# 92' *' %* 'n 2n 4#nJ2n# -' 4#*2$%&'* 3 -' &-4#n'*f2n--* 'n '" +*-# -'" +2'%"# 3 423 F"$ ':+&'*5n '* ""n7 3 " "'3 92' *2$' '" )#$%&' 4#$# *6n# -' *2 4'+45n.

II. CARACTERSTICAS DE LA TORH. PREEISTENCIA

E" J2-*$# &%23' " T#&() 2n *'&' -' 4&4'&*4* 92' "4#n/'&'n 'n 2n &'"-- %(*4 -' " &'"65n J2-0 '* +&'':*'n', "'3-' /-, 2n/'&*", n*+&-, ''&n.

Preeistencia *' 'n'n-' 4#n &'"45n " $2n-#, n# 'n *'n-#%*#"2#. L T#&() f2' 4&'-, +' "# f2' n'* 92' '" $2n-#. E* -''* $23 n'& " +#4 &%n4 3 *' &'$#n B'n S& =@1,1 3 '*+'4"$'n' >;,.>, -#n-' *' -'nf4 " *%-2&

+&'':*'n' 4#n '" "% --# +#& M#**11. S' & -' 2n &'42&*# "'&+& *2%&3& '" 4&(4'& f2n-$'n" 3 n'4'* -' 2n &'"--. An'*-' 4&'& '" $2n-#, D#* 4&'5 " *%-2&T#&() 3 *' *&/5 -' '"" +&4&'& '" $2n-#1>. P#& '""# " T#&() '* '" &92'+# -' " 4&'45n, " &6' 3"' - *'n-#.

E" &%n*$# #$5 3 -'*&""5 '* -', ':'n-n-#" #&*&'"--'*, 4#$# '" n# -' " 6"#&, '" 6n '-n, "

1?Cf. #.4, >88>?.11! n'* P/ 8,>> )% -' " *%-2& +&'':*'n' " 4&'45n@ B'n S&- 2n +*# 3 " -'nf4 4#n " T#&() -' M#**.1> P#*%"'$'n' " -' $%n *' 'n42'n& $+"4$'n' 'n "5n, 92')%" -' " +&'':*'n4 -' " P"%& -' D#* 3 -' *2 ++'" 'n " 4&'45n?,>,>=@ 2'& 1>, 3 " -'nf4 4#n " T#&() e mi&rat. "brah. 1?@=.


7/63

D.$#. 3aturale/a de la Torh

8

6')'nn, '" M'**1 3 #&*, +', 'n&' #-*, &'*" "$+#&n4 -' " T#&()0 -' #-* '""*, *5"# " T#&() 3 '" n# -'" 6"#& f2'n 4&'-* -' )'4)# n'* -' " 4&'45n, "* -'$(**5"# f2'n +'n*-* +#& D#*@ +#& #& +&', " T#&() +&'4'-' "n# -' " 6"#&1;. A"62n#* &%n#* n4"2*# #f&'4'n -#*0 +&E"'7'& %'n !#* )G'"", " T#&() f2' 4&'- ; 6'n'&4#n'*n'* 92' '" $2n-#1, +& S$5n %'n L9* >.??? #*1=, -# 92'f2' &'+'-# +#& #*@ +& H#*3) " T#&() '* " *%-2&

+&'':*'n' -' P/ 8,>>1 3 D#* 4&'5 '" $2n-# fJ(n-#*' 'n'"", 62" 92' 2n &92'4# 4#n*&23' $&n-# 2n +"n#@ -'$(*n'&+&' '" en el principio -' G'n 1,1 4#$# +#& $'-# -'"principioF, -'nf4n-# +&n4+# 4#n T#&()1.

S " T#&() '* n $+#&n' 92' '* +&'':*'n', 92'&' -'4&92' 2/# 92' /'& 4#n "#* 6&n-'* +-&'* -'" +*-#. L &-45nn62, 4#$Fn "#* +*'2-#'+6&f#*, "#* nn* 3 "#*

+&$'* $#&*, )%" -' 92' "#* +&&4* )n #%*'&/-# "T#&() 3 "#* $n-$'n#*, &'4%-#* -&'4$'n' -' D#* # -'*2* +&'-'4'*#&'*


8/63

)8* P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

"'#"#6, 'n 42n# 92' D#* 4&'5 '" $2n-# +& &'/'"& 'n " "T#&(>?.P#& *2 +&', "#* cabalistas -'n $24) $+#&n4 "-', *2$n-#" 3 ':+"4(n-#" 'n *'n-# #n#"564#. Un#*-'nf4n " T#&() 4#n " *'62n- se-ira o *%-2&, #* "T#&() '*4& 4#n " *': # %'""'7 -' D#* 3 " T#&() #&" 4#n "

-4$ # R'n#. A" f&$& 92' " T#&() +'-' -' '$n45n, "'&%23'n +#-'& 4&'-#&0 4#n " T#&() 4&'5 D#* "#* (n6'"'* 3 '"$2n-# 3 "# *#*'n' #-# 4#n " T#&()>1. n"$'n' "Blustraciny '"judasmo re-ormado ':+"4n -' f#&$ )*5&4 '" #&6'n -'" T#&() 3, 4#n*62'n'$'n', &'4)7n " -' -' "

+&'':*'n4. H#3 - " $n'n' el judasmo ortodoo 3 "62n#*2#&'* $#-'&n#* ':*'n4"**, 4#$# . R#*'n7W'6, 92'&'44#nn 4#n& '" &4#n"*$# 3 *%'n /'& '" *'n-# +f2n-#-' " -'.

III, LA TORH DE IDA

P& '" &%n*$# " T#&() '* '" +"n# +&'':*'n', -' 42'&-#4#n '" 42" D#* ) 4&'-# '" $2n-#, '" )#$%&' 3 *2 )*#& >>.

T#-# ) *-# 4&'-# +#& $'-# -' '"", "# 92' " 4#n/'&' 'n "&'"-- $(* $+#&n' -' " 4&'45n, 'n " &75n -' *2 #&-'n 3'n " 6&n' -' *2 *2%**'n4>. Sn " T#&() n- 'n'':+"445n. P#& #& +&', -'*-' '" +2n# -' /* -' " 445n)2$n, " T#&() &'+&'*'n " /#"2n- -' D#*, " $nf'*45n-'" +# -' &'*+2'* 92' -'%' -& '" )#$%&' +& 4##+'&& 4#n '"

+"n -/n#. D' 92 92', +& 2n +&' -'" J2-*$# n62#, '"42$+"$'n# -' " T#&(), '" ""'n&" -' 4#n'n-# 3 &'"-- 'n ")*#& -' 4- -, *' '" n*&2$'n# -'4*/# +& 4#n*'62& '"fn F"$# -' " )*#&, 92' -'%' &'+-24& '" $#-'"# +&$/#4#nf#&$' " 92' ) *-# 4&'-. C2$+"& " T#&() 6&n7 '"$n'n$'n# -'" 4#*$#* 4#n *2* f2n4#n'* 3 'n6'n-& 2n&$#n *"/f4 'n&' D#* 3 *2 4&'2&. P#& '""#, -'*-' '"n62# +'-# "$F-4#, " "'3 *' 4#n*-'& +'&f'4 '

&&'/#4%"' ?Gu/ari ,. L $*$ ':+"445n - #*'f A"%#.>1Z#)& ,1>.>>Cf. G'nR 1,1, M, A% III,1;,>Cf, M, A% 1,>0 " T#&() '* 2n -' "* &'* 4#** 92' *#*'n'n '" $2n-#@ P'* =8%0* n# ':*'& " T#&(), -'J&n -' ':*& 4'"#* 3 '&&


9/63


3 ""'/& " )*#& *2 +'&f'445n 3 4#n*2$45n *#nn*'+&%"'*>;.

E*# ':+"4 '" 92' 4- 6&2+# *' '$+'*' 'n )4'&" 42$+"& *2 $n'&, +2'* '& " &' %(*4 'n4#$'n-- I*&'"0 * 'n42n# *%-2& 3 +"n 2n/'&*" " T#&() '* "'3 2n/'&*", #%& -'

D#*, 'n 42n# )*#& 4#n4&' -' *"/45n '* &' -' I*&'"4#$# 4#n*'42'n4 -' *2 '"'445n +#& D#*>. E* " /#"2n- -'D#*, n4#n-4#n"$'n' /n42"n', -' 423# 42$+"$'n#-'+'n-' '" -'*n# -'" +2'%"# -' D#*, -' " )2$n-- 3 -' "4&'45n. En 42n# /#"2n- -' D#*, '* "'3, "'3 Fn4, +#&'n4$ -' #-*, n# 2n *$+"' 6&n-'7 J2&-4 # $#&"@ '* $(*92' 2n *$+"' n#&$/ -' " /- # 2n n#&$/ *#4". E* "Torh de la +ida. C2$+"n-#", *' //' +#& '""


10/63

8= P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

I. ALCANCE DE LA TORH

P& '" &%n*$# " T#&(), -' +#& *, ) *-# -- #- ")2$n--, 2n92' "* n4#n'* " )n &'4)7-#. C2n-# '"E'&n# -# " T#&() I*&'", "# )7# f2'& -' " T'&& Sn, 'n 2n

-'*', 3 'n *''n "'n62* " /'7, -' f#&$ 92' f2'&44'*%"' #-* "* n4#n'*?. En 4#n':# +#"#64# '"J2-*$# *2%&3 '" 4&(4'& 2n/'&*" 3 *'92%"' #-#* "#*)#$%&'* -' "#* 4#n'n-#* -' " T#&(). A*, "5n -'f'n-' "T#&() 4#n 2n -' -' +# '*#4#0 '" $2n-# '*( 'n &$#n 4#n" T#&() 3 " T#&() 4#n '" $2n-#, -' f#&$ 92' '" )#$%&' 92'#%*'&/ " T#&() *' 4#n/'&' +#& '""# 'n 42--n# -'" $2n-# 1.P#& *2 +&', "/# #*'f# f&$ 92' " T#&() +$2'/' 2n*'&' -' /"#&'* 2n/'&*"'*, 4#$# " +'--, " $*-, ")2$n-- )4 #-#*>.

2n# '*#, '" &%n*$# 'n*' " n*'+&%"-- T#&()I*&'". S'6Fn 2n &%n#, " -' -' I*&'" ':* 'n " $'n' -'D#* n'* -' 4&'& " T#&(),2n92' I*&'" f2' '"'6-# +#&92')% -' 4'+& " T#&();. E* 42'*5n ) /2'"# +"n'&*'

+#& '" *#n*$# *'42"& -' fn"'* -'" *.I 3 4#$'n7#* -'" 3+#& "#* J2-#* -'" 42" E*-# -' I*&'", +& "#* 92' '* 2n+%"'$ $+#&n' -''&$n& " &'"45n 'n&' T#&() 3 n45nJ2-. E" *#n*$# *'42"&, *'62-# )#3 - +#& $24)#* '*4&'*3 '-24-#&'* 'n '" E*-# -' I*&'", $n'n' 92' " T#&() n# )*-# &'/'"- +#& D#* *n# 92' '* 2n +-24# -'" n62# I*&'".En 4#n*'42'n4, *' +2'-' *'& J2-# +&'*4n-'n-# -' " T#&() 3n# )3 92' 4#nf#&$& "* '*&242&* -'" E*-# n " /-#&-n& '"". O*, 'n 4$%#, -'fn'n " T#&() 'n f2n45n -'" n45n, 4#$# M#&-' M. +"n, 92', 'n &$n#**#4#"564#*, +&'*'n " T#&() 4#$# " 4/"745n &'"6#* -'"#* J2-#*. P& A%&)$ I. C## " fn"-- -' " T#&() '*&'/'"& " "27 //'n' -'" 2n/'&*#, '" '*+&2 *2+&&&4#n" I*&'" 3, +#& *2 $'-#, #- " )2$n--. M'n&* 92' " T#&()'*4&, 92' "2$n "# $(* "# -'" "$, '* 2n +-24# -/n#, "T#&() #&" Kn*'+&%"' -' " n'& 3 92' "2$n 2n n/'"nf'

.

?Cf. M', M**') BH#-'* E: >?,>@ SD ;@ S)% 88%@ E:R,@ >,.1O+. >C#n& A+.G'nR 1,;.;E:R ;,.


11/63

D.$#. 3aturale/a de la Torh Hl

& -' n2'*& "$, +&5:$# "#* )'4)#* -' " /-K -'&/ *2+'&*#n"-- -'" '*+&2 -' " n45n 3, +#& '""#, *5"# *' +2'-'//& 'n +"'n2- 42n-# I*&'" // 'n +"'n2-, +7 'n-'+'n-'n4 'n " '&& -' I*&'". D' '* f#&$, +& C##, '"*#n*$# $#-'&n#, +'*& -' "#* n'n#* -' "#* -'5"#6#*

*'42"&**, 'n' *6nf445n &'"6#*, +2'* '*( " *'&/4# -' "T#&(). P#& *2 +&', #* 4#n*-'&n +'"6*# '" n4#n"*$#*'42"& 3 &n -' -'"$& "#* 4#n4'+#* -' T#&() 3 n45n. A*,

+& M. B2%'&, " T#&() '* '" +-24# -'" -("#6# 'n&' " n45n3 D#*, -("#6# 92' ) &n*f62&-# '" '*+&2 -' " n45n@ +&. R#*'n7W'6 " '"'445n -' " n45n '* n'& " T#&(), +'" 4'+45n -' " T#&() f2' 2n +&'4#n-45n ':+'&'n4" -' '*'"'445n. P& !. L'%#W7, 'n " "n' &4#n"* -'M$5n-'*, " T#&() '* 2n "'3 +& '" 42"# -' D#* 3 +& "4#n*62'n' -'*+&45n -'" 42"# "#* )#$%&'* 3 *2* 4#**, 3,4#$# 4#n*'42'n4, )3 92' 4#n-'n& " *2%#&-n45n -' "T#&() " n4#n"*$#, " *'n$'n"*$# &'"6#*# # 42"92'&-'#"#6 # n*245n. En '* "n', '" f'n#$'n#"#6* E.L'/n* &'4)7 #- *'&/-2$%&' -' " T#&() 3 ""'6 f&$&92' '" $#& -' " T#&() -'%' '*& +#& 'n4$ -'" $#& -' D#*,

+2'* *5"# +#& $'-# -' " T#&() K92' - 4#n#4'& " O, "#92' '* 4#n-45n -' #- 4K '" )#$%&' +2'-' &'"4#n&*' 4#n2n D#* +'&*#n", 4#n& '" 92' *' +2'-' &'/'"& 3 +#& '" 92' +2'-'-& " /-.

. LA TORH HA SIDO REELADA POR DIOS

S'6Fn '" AT, " T#&() -' M#**


12/63

88 P.BB. Ce y prais del Judasmo

2n -#4&n $+#&n', 92' M$5n-'* n4"23' -'n -' "#*T&'4' A&42"#* -' " '. En '*' 4#n':# +&'*'nn " T#&()4#$# &'/'"- +#& D#*. P&'n -' " +&'$* -' 92' D#* )4&'-# " )#$%&' 4+7 -' 4#n#4'&"' " 3 *2 /#"2n-. A2n92' '")#$%&' ) *-# 4&'-# 4+4-# 3 -+-# 2n +"n# $'&",

D#* n# "' ) 4'&&-# #"$'n' '" 44'*# " $2n-# '*+&2".P&$' *' $nf'*5 &/* -' " 4&'45n. A" 4&'& '" $2n-#,D#* ) 42-# -' f#&$ 92' '" )#$%&' +2'- %&& 2n +2'& 'n'" 4$+# '*+&2" 3 'n'& " ':+'&'n4 -' "# -/n#. D'*+2*D#* *' ) &'/'"-# I*&'" -' 2n $n'& '*+'4", -(n-#"' "T#&(), *2 +"%& n*+&-, 'n " 92' "' &'/'" *2 /#"2n-. E*':+'&'n4 &'+&'*'n " +'&f'445n $(* 6&n-' 92' 2n $#&"

+2'- "4n7&. D' '* f#&$, D#* - 4#n#4'& *2 4&2& "fn"-- -' " 4&'45n 3 45$# -'%' &'*+#n-'&. H%'n-# 4&'-#'" 2n/'&*# 4#n 2n -''&$n- fn"--, '* n4#n4'%%"' 92' n#" )3 $nf'*-# *2* 4&2&*. P#& " &'/'"45n -' " T#&()"# ) )'4)#. A2n92' "62n* f4'* "* +2'-' 4#n#4'& #-#)#$%&' +#& " &'/'"45n )'4) &/* -' " 4&'45n, 4#n #-#,D#* ) --# *2 T#&() +& 4"&&"# #-# 3 $nf'*& *+'4#*

-'*4#n#4-#*, +2'*, -' )'4)#, " $3#& -' "* 6'n'* n# #%&n 'nf2n45n -' "# 92' "'* -4 " "564 +2&. E" )#$%&' '* 2n4&2& 4#$+"'J, $23 nf"2'n4- +#& *2 $'-# 3 +#& *2*-'*'#*, 92' +2'-'n $+'-& /'& " /'&-- $#&". S D#* n#)2%'& &'/'"-# *2 /#"2n- *n " $'n#& $%6'--, '" )#$%&''*& n4"n-# f2n-& &4#n"$'n' " $#&"-- 92' "'4#n/'n', 'n "26& -' %2*4& " /'&-- $#&" #%J'/. A2n92' ""564 *' 4+7 -' -'fn& 2n $#&" 6'n'&", *5"# D#* +2'-'&'/'"& " 6&/'-- -' "#* -f'&'n'* 4#* n$#&"'* 3 +&'*4&%&45$# 4#&&'6& 2n '&& # nJ2*4 2n /'7 4#$'-. S5"# D#*,f2'n' -' #- $#&", +2'-' &'/'"& "#* 4$n#* -'"&&'+'n$'n# 3 -' " &'4#n4"45n8. A-'$(* -'" 4$+# -' "$#&"--, ':*'n #* 92' )n *-# #%J'# -' 2n &'/'"45n,4#$# '" 4#n#4$'n# -' )'4)#* f22*, 'n +&42"& " +$'*$'*(n4 3 " &'4#$+'n* 'n '" M(* A""(, 3 #* $*'*.

E" J2-*$# #-#:#-*n62' /* 6&-#* 'n '" 4$n#92' ""'/ " +"'n2- -' " +f'4. En '"

Cf. M. A% I,>1,8AZ 1.Cf. A. APLAN, O.C, 81>.


13/63


in-erior 3 4#$# 4#$'n7# -' #-# +'*# +f4# '*( " 32--/n -- " )#$%&' *n *%'&"#. [*' '& '" n/'" $n$# -'#-#* "#* 6&n-'* )#$%&'* %%"4#* 3 "$F-4#*, 92' f2'n62-#* +#& D#* 'n #-#* *2* 4#* 3 +"%&* ;?.En '" +&'*'n''* 32- -/n est 6&n7- 92'""#* 92' 'n*'n " T#&()

+F%"4$'n' 3 &%Jn +#& 4'&4& '" +2'%"# D#* ,1;. ,;>.

;>L* -*n* f2'n'* *'"n -'7 $'-#* ?@ M. S# I,1;@ . S)%1,,8@ . S)'9 ,,1;%@ S)'9 %@ CnR 1,@ M-&P/ 1 fn@ !"2 S$'#n1,@ R* "#* &'*2$' 'n0

1. Torh0 '" '*2-# 4#n*n' 3 " #%*'&/n4 -' "* 'n*'n7* -' " T#&().

>. Ii&ilancia /ehirut%0 '*f2'&7# $'42"#*# +& n# 4#$''& " $'n#& nf&445n.

. ili&encia /eri/ut%0 4'"# +&42"& +& 42$+"& 4- $n-$'n#.

;. Limpie/a neqiut%0 $#-# -' /- #"$'n' ':'n# -' f", n# 'n+'n*$'n#* 4#$# 'n #%&*.

. ;enuncia perisut%0 %*'n'&*' n4"2*# -' 4#** +'&$-*, * )3 +'"6-' 92' ""'/'n " $".

=. Pure/a tahara%0+2&f445n -' #- f" +*- 3 +&'*'n'.

. Piedad hasidut%0 'n&'6 D#* 92' *#%&'+*' 4#n $24)# '" 42$+"$'n# -' " L'3.8. ?umildad ana9a%0 n'645n %*#"2 -'" '6#.. Temor de la -alta yirat het%0 -)'*5n " D#* 92' )#&&4' '" $" 3 "

f".1?. Santidad qedusa%0 n'645n #" -' "#* /"#&'* $'&"'*.D'*+2* -' )%'& +*-# #-* '** '+*, '" )#$%&' '*( +&'+&-# +& n4&*''n 'J'&44#* -' $'-45n hitbodedut, *"$'n#, 92 *"$'n# $'n" +&4#n*'62& " n*+&45n. E*#* 'J'&44#* +2'-'n 4#n**& 'n " &'+'45n -' "#*n#$%&'* -/n#*, 'n " &'445n -' *"$#* 3 -' #&4#n'*@ *2 fn"-- '* *"& '"'*+&2 -' "#* '*$2"#* ':'&'* ' n'&'*, +& )4'&"# -*+#n%"' 3&n*+&'n' +& &'4%& '" nf"2J# -/n#. A2n92' '** +&(44* *#n 'f44'*, "In*+&45n D/n +2'-' 4#n*'62&*' *n '""*, *5"# 4#n '" '*2-# f'&/#*# 3*-2# -' " T#&() # +#& 2n $'-45n n'n* 'n 4#n':# -' #&45n@ $%n+&'4' 4#n f&'42'n4 -'*+2* -' 2n 4# -' f' n#%"' # -' #%*'&/n4 -' "#*$n-$'n#* 4#n "'6&


14/63

? P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

'$'n', '* n'4'* 2n "# n/'" -' +&'+&45n '*+&2" 3$'n", J2n# 2n -*4+"n ':6'n', +& &'4%& '*' &'6"#;.

L bat qol, hija de la +o/ # eco, '* 2n n/'" nf'& -'*+&45n. S' & -' 2n '*+'4' -' /#7 +f4, n# $'&",92' *' #3' $'n"$'n', 2n92' /'4'* *' +&'4' 2n /#7 92'

/'n' -'" 4'"# 3 n# '* #- $(* 92' +#& 92'""#* "#* 92' '*(-'*n-. E:*5 )* 92' '" *n'-&n -'J5 -' f2n4#n&, )4 '"# =1 -.C.;;.En '" n62# I*&'" $%n *' -# #& f#&$ -'4#n#4$'n# +f4#, "6- " +'4T#&()" -'" *2$# *4'&-#', '"2*# -' "#* urim 3 tummim. L#* &%n#* "# &'n'&+&'n " "27 -'"* '$#"#6* iluminaciones, per-ecciones% 3 "# +&'*'nn 4#$#2n $#-"-- +& " 92' '& n'4'* )%'& "4n7-# 2n 6&-#"# -' +f'4, +#&92' '" $'n*J' brillaba n'* -' *'&per-eccionado+#& " n'&+&'45n -'" *2$# *4'&-#';. E*' +#-' #&(42"# '*2/# 'n 2*# )* " -'*&2445n -'" +&$'& T'$+"#? .C.

L +f'4 -2&5 'n I*&'" "&'-'-#& -' $" #*, -'*-' '":#-# )* ;? #* -'*+2* -' " 4#n*&2445n -'" *'62n

;L#* )656&f#* f2'n '*4* 4#n 2n n*+&45n -'" 6&-# n'&, $'n&*92' "#* +f'* 'nn '*' '&4'& 6&-#. P#& '""# "#* )656&f#* *' *Fn 'n 2nn/'" -' *n-- nf'& "#* +f'* @ . S)% =,,8%@Z#)& 1,>8@ P*n NF$ >1,=@ '4.;!#$ %@ B'& ;. O&* f2'n'* "# n'&+&'n -' #& f#&$.


15/63

D.$#. 3aturale/a de la Torh1

-# T'$+"#, '* -'4&, )* '" 1 .C. E" '*+&2 +f'4' 4'*542n-# "#* &'* F"$#* +f'*, A6'#, Z4&* 3 M"92*,$2&'n '" $*$# $'*;=.L &75n '* " 2*'n4 el &4 -' ""n7, "26& n#&$" -'*-' '" 92' )%" D#* *2 +2'%"# ,>>@ 4f. NF$ ,8. Sn '" &4 " +f'4 '* -f4" -'4#n*'62&. M(* Fn, " +f'4 n# +2'-' ':*& $(* 92' 'n T'&&Sn, 42n-# '* +#%"- +#& " $3#& -' "#* J2-#* -'"$2n-#. P#& '""#, 42n-# " $3#& -' "#* J2-#* )n &')2*-#&'#&n& T'&& Sn 'n '$+#* -' E*-&*, '" +* ) 4'*-# -''n'& *2 *2* +&42"& 'n "# 4#n4'&n'n' " +f'4 3 "

+f'4 ) -'*+&'4-#;. Sn '$%&6#, *'6Fn '" +&'4'& -'"62n#*, &'+&'4'&( 'n " +#4 $'*(n4, 42n-# " $3#& -'"#* J2-#* //&(n -' n2'/# 'n T'&& Sn.

D#* n*+&5 " T#&() M#**. D' 'n&' #-#* "#* +f'*n*+&-#*, M#** '* 2n 4*# Fn4#. S2 /*5n n# +'&'n'4 "

+f'4 *n# 92' '& 2n ':+'&'n4 '*+&2" -' 2n #&-'n*2+'&, *n "#* "$'* -' "#* #* +f'*;8. D'*+2* -' M#***2&6'n $24)#* +f'*, /n'* ' n4"2*# $2J'&'* ;. D#* -J# M#** 92' )& *2&6& 2n +f' 4#$# " ,@ !"2 S$'#n 1,18@ >,;@ >,88, "# 92' $+"492' " +f'4 *5"# '*&( 'n /6#& 'n " T'&& -' I*&'" +#%"- +#& J2-#* 1@ CnR ;,>>@ R2R ",>@ #)R 1,?.;L B%" 4 *''0 S&, M&$, D%#&, An, A%6", H2- 3 E*'&.


16/63

> P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

2n 6&n-'7 -' '*+&2 92' ':4"23 #- *'- -' # +# -'&92'7 3 #-# +'# -' 6nn4. I62"$'n' '* n'4'* 92''n6 " f2'&7 -' 4&(4'& n'4'*& +& 4#n"& "* +*#n'* 34#n*'62& 2n 6&n '92"% n'&, -' f#&$ 92' #-#* *2*-'*'#* '*n #&'n-#* )4 D#*. D'*+2* -' )%'& "4n7-#

'** 42"--'*, '" )#$%&' '*( +&'+&-# +& " +f'4?

.Sn'$%&6#, n4"2*# 4#n '" $(:$# -' +&'+&45n 3 -' $'-45n,2n /*5n n# 4'4' $(* 92' +#& /#"2n- -' D#*, 92' "4#n4'-' *'6Fn "* n'4'*--'* -' " +#4 3 'n " $'-- -' "*+2-'* '*+&2"'* -'" +f'1. C- +f' ':+&'* *2

+f'4 4#n *2 ++# "'n62J' '*4 2 #&">.L +f'4 'n *2 #&6'n *' ':'n- #- " )2$n--, +'

M#** +-5 D#* 92' *' &'*&n6'*' I*&'" 3 D#* *' "#4#n4'-5. D'*-' 'n#n4'* 2n n#J2-# n#. +2'-' 'J'&4'& "

+f'4 $(* 92' 'n +/'4)# -' I*&'"@ n4"2*#, 'n '*' 4*#, *2/*5n '* n#42&n 3 +#4# 4"&;. En +&n4+# " +f'4 n# *'4#n4'-' "#* +*"#*, n# *'& 2n 4*# '*+'4"$'n' $'.

2. La Torh ha sido revelada

L T#&() '*( 'n '" 4'n -' '* -#4&n *#%&' " &'/'"45n' n*+&45n. P& '" J2-*$# &%n4#, " T#&(), #- '"", "'*4& 3 " #&", ) *-# #"$'n' &'/'"- +#& D#*. S' & -'2n# -' "#* +#4#* -#6$* &%n4#*0 la Torh es del cielo ,=. E*#* +&'+&/#* n&62*#* 'n'n '" +'"6, *n " 32- -' D#*, -' +/#4& 2n +*4#** # f"**/*#n'*, 'n "26& -' 4#n-24& " /'&--'& +f'4, 4#n& "# 92' +#n' 'n 62&-S)% 1;%@ Sn) 8. M(* Fn, 2n +f' n'5f#, 92' n# ) +&'n--# -#$n&*2* f42"-'*, +2'-' '92/#4&*' *#%&' '" *'n-# -' *2 &'/'"45n. En4#n*'42'n4, #- +'&*#n -'*'#* -' ""'6& " +f'4, -'%' 'n'& 2n $'*,423 &' '* 'n*'& " n'5f# "* 4n4* -' " +f'4 3 32-&"' '/& "#*'*4#""#* "# "&6# -'" 4$n#.1L'/R 1,>.>Sn) 8.Cf E: ,1=*@ B'& %@ BB 1%@ SOR >1, '4.;L'/R 1,1>@ CnR >,1>@ E*R #.$*. L B%" $'n4#n *'' +f'* n# J2-#*0B"$, B'#&, #%, E"f7, B"--, S#f& 3 E")F.


17/63


M#** *2%'n-# " 4'"# 3 #$n-# " T#&() -' $n#* -' "#*(n6'"'*.

Los maestros de la 'dad !edia $7n *+'4#* -' '*-#4&n. S-3 ':+#n' 2n '#& &4#n"*, *'6Fn " 42" "*4&''n4* 4* 3 4#&'"6#** -' " T#&() *#n #-* *'92%"'*

+#& " &75n )2$n. L* -/-' 'n -#* 6&2+#*0 $n-$'n#*92', -'$(* -' &'/'"-#*, *#n ':6-#* +#& " &75n )2$n,4#$# n# $&, n# f#&n4&, n# %&, n# $'n&, 3 $n-$'n#*92' *5"# *#n &'/'"-#*, 4#$# '" *(%-# 3 "#* +&'4'+#*"$'n4#*. A)#& %'n, '*#* *'62n-#*, 2n92' n# -&'4$'n'&7#n%"'*, "# *#n n-&'4$'n' +#& "#* %'n'f4#* +'&*#n"'* #*#4"'* 92' *' #%'n'n +#& *2 #%*'&/n4. L &'/'"45n -' "T#&() f2' n'4'*& +#&92', $'n&* " &75n +"n' +%"'$*6'n'&"'*, n# -4 "'3'* +&42"&'*@ -'$(*, 2n92' "*4&''n4* &'"6#** &'/'"-* '*(n " "4n4' -' " f"#*#f, -')'4)# *5"# *' 44'-' '""* -'*+2* -' $24)# '$+# 3 'n$24)#* 4*#* n2n4.

E*#* +"n'$'n#* &4#n"** -' S-3 f2'n *'62-#*+#& $24)#* 'n '" +'-# 'n&' " 3 M$5n-'*= ':4'+# +#&

2-) )L'/, 92' "#* &'4)75. [*' *#*'n' 92', 2n92' " T#&()4#n'n' "'3'* &4#n"'* 3 +#"4*, +&$&$'n' *#n "'3'* 3'n*'n7* -/n*, 92' n# +2'-'n 4#$+&'n-'&*' +#& " &75n, +#&'J'$+"# " "'3 -'" *(%-#, 92' $+"4 'n*'n7* *#%&' "#$n+#'n4 -' D#* 3 *#%&' " 4&'45n. L T#&() +#*%" '"4'&4&*' D#* 4#n '$#& &'/'&'n4", $#& 3 "'6&. E* "'*'n4 -' " *%-2& -/n, 92' 92'&' &'/'"& *2 R'n# 'n "'&&.M$5n-'* 'n*' 92' " T#&() '*( n*+&- 3 '* f&2#-' " Fn4 +f'4 -' M#**. An"7 " -' -' n*+&45n 3

+f'40 n# *#n *$+"'* +'*#* +*4#"564#* 'n "#* 92' J26&'" ++'" +&n4+" " $6n45n. S' &, $(* ':4$'n', -'4#n-4#n'* 92' )4'n -'" )#$%&' '" n*&2$'n# +#& $'-# -'"42" D#* 'J'&4' *2 +#-'&8. S#n ':+'&'n4* &'"'* 3 *'n*4#n'*f*4* 92' n# -'Jn -2- "62n *#%&' *2 2'n4--. A*, "#*6&n-'* +f'* '*2/'n -*+2'*#* *4&f4& *2 /- +& -&*2 $'n*J'.En 42n# " T#&(),

S)% 8.=P#& 'J'$+"# B)3 %n P92-, A%&)$ %n E7&, A%&)$ %n D2-.Gu/ari >,;8.?@ ,1.8Cf.!ore 3ebu5im ,=.Cf. %-., ,>;.


18/63

; P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

f&$ 92' 'n' -#* fn'*, '" %'n'*& -'" 42'&+# 3, 'n F"$n*n4, '" %'n'*& -'" "$


19/63


M$5n-'*, +' n'6 " n2&"'7 -/n. C#n& " #+n5n&%n4 -' 92' '" +2'%"# J2-# '* 2n +-24# -' " T#&(),*#*'n' "# 4#n&, 92' " T#&() '* 2n +-24# -'" +2'%"# J2-#,-' M#** 3 -' #* 2#&'* "# "&6# -'" '$+#, 3, +#&4#n*62'n', '* #%J'# -' n/'*645n )*5&4#4&4. A '*

"27 +&'4' 4#$# 2n &'"-- +&$/, n4'nf4,+&42"&*, 4#n&& " +&'*#, " &75n 3 " $#&" 2n/'&*".M. M'n-'"**#)n n'n 4#n4"& I"2*&45n 4#n "* 4&''n4*

%(*4* -'" &%n*$#. E*( -' 42'&-# 'n 92' " T#&(), 4#$# "'3+#"4, '* 2n +-24# -'" +2'%"# J2-#, +' $n'n' *2 #&6'n-/n#0 " "'3 +#"4 ) *-# -- +#& D#* I*&'" 3, +#& '""#,I*&'" '* 2n +-24# -' " T#&(), 4#$# *#*'n' ' &%n*$#. En2n "n' +&'4- " -' S-3 f&$ 92' " T#&() n# +&''n-'&'/'"& n2'/* /'&--'* *#%&' D#* # " $#&"--, *n# 92',$'-n' *2* "'3'* ' n*24#n'*, )4' " )#$%&' 4#n*4'n' -'"* /'&--'&* -'* " "4n4' -' #-#* "#* )#$%&'* +#& " &75n.I-'nf4n-# 4&''n4* -' " T#&() 4#n /'&--'* -' " &75n,f&$ *2 &'*+'%"-- 4'nf4 3 *2 n2&"'7 2n/'&*", A "#"&6# -' "#* *6"#* :: 3 :: *' +f2n-7 'n '* +#"$4,-'"$(n-#*' +#*2&* -f'&'n'* 'n "#* -/'&*#* *'4#&'* -'"

J2-*$#, #-#:#, 4#n*'&/-#& 3 &'f#&$-#, 4#n +#*2&*n'&$'-* -' -/'&*# +#. P#& 2n +&' 'n 2n 6&n *'4#&, 4#n "&&2+45n -' " Hissenscha-t des udenAtums, la Diencia deljudasmo, *' $+#n' " -' -' 92' " T#&() 'n' 2n )*#&)2$n, #%J'# -' '*2-# )*5&4#4&4#, 2n92' '*#, -' +#& *,n# #%* *2 #&6'n -/n#. H#3 - *5"# n'6n '*' *+'4#"62n#* *'4#&'* f2n-$'n"** -' " #-#: &%n4. En '"# ':&'$# -'" J2-*$# "%'&" 3 &'f#&$-# )3 92'n'* n'6n#-# #&6'n -/n# 3 /'n " T#&() 4#$# 2n +-24# -' " )*#&

+&$/ -' " n45n J2-. En&' $%#* *'4#&'* )3 $24)#*+2n#* -' /* n'&$'-#*0

K P& S$2'" D. L277# 3 S"#$5n L. S'n)'$, "f&$45n -' " &'/'"45n -/n -' " T#&() '* '" +2n# -'

+&- -'" J2-*$#. S' & -' 2n 4&''n4 %(*4, 92' n# *'+2'-' %n-#n& +#& $#/#* f"#*5f4#*, --* *2* $+"44#n'**#%&' " n2&"'7 -' D#* 3 *2 &'"45n 4#n '" )#$%&'.

K M24)#* &4#n"** -' fn"'* -'" *.:: 3 4#$'n7#* -'" *2%&3n " n2&"'7 $#&" -' " T#&(), 4#n& S+n#7 3M'n-'"**#)n 92' *' 4'n&n 'n *2 n2&"'7 +#"4.


20/63

= P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

M. L7&2* -'nf4 T#&() 4#n "'3 $#&". P& M. C#)n, "4 $#n#'* -' " T#&(), "'J#* -' #+#n'&*' " 2n/'&*"*$#,4#$# *#*'n S+n#7, +&'+& " J2-# +& ". M. B2%'& 3 .R#*'n7W'6 4#n4-'n 'n n# &-24& T#&() " "'$(n 4#n (eset/


21/63


O& 42'*5n 92' *' +"n'5 '" J2-*$# '* " +#*2& -'"M'** n' " T#&() 3 * +'&$n'4'& 'n '" M2n-# 22. S#%&''*' +2n# n# )2%# 2nn$-- -' #+n#n'*, 2n92' +&'-#$n "-' -' 92' " T#&() *'62&(, 2n92' n-24n-#*' "#* 4$%#*$+&'*4n-%"'*. En '" AT, '& 1,1; )%" -' 2n "n7n2'/ 3, 'n f2n45n -' '"", -' 2n "'3 n2'/, +' '" &%n*$#n'&+&' '" ':# 4#$# &'n#/45n -' " T#&() -'" Sn`\. En6'n'&", n# *' '*+'& 92' 'n '" M2n-# 22 -'*+&'74 "T#&()__^ n $24)# $'n#* 92' '" M'** " n2"'. L T#&() )U'6-# *'& n 4'n&" 'n " 4#$+&'n*5n -'" J2-*$#, 92' *n'"" '* n4#$+&'n*%"' '" f22. S " T#&() ) *-# -- +#& '"D#* -' " "n7 4#$# '"'$'n# 4#n*23'n' -' *2 &'"45n 4#nI*&'", $'n&* -2&' '* &'"45n Ka*'$+&'bK, -2&&( " T#&().! * '" M'** /'n' 'n f2n45n -' " &'"45n D#*I*&'", n# 'n'*'n-# 92' /'n6 -'*&2& " T#&(). A" 4#n&, *' +'4*#%&' " " $6'n -'" &%n# -'"0 *' -'-4&( 'n*'&" 3 n'&+&'&" 4#&&'4$'n', 4"&(n-#*' #-# "# 92' )#3 - +&'4'n':+"4%"'\\@ *'&( 2n *%-2& 4'"'*" 92' n# *' #"/-&(,

-- 'n '" n'&


22/63

8 P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

-' 445n -' 6&4*. H3 92'n'* #+nn 92' 'n '* +#4 '"T'$+"# *'&( &'4#n*&2-# 3 -n n#&$* &'f'&'n'* '*' *2n#.In4"2*# "#* +6n#* *'&(n n4"2-#* 'n&' "#* f'"'* " 326# -' "T#&()__`. En '* 4#n':# *' +&'*'n E"* 4#$# 2n rabino 4#n" $*5n -' ':+"4& 4'* +*J'* -' " T#&()@ 'n 4#n4&'#, *' "'

&%23'n -#* &'*, " -' n*2&& " +7 3 " -' -'4-& 'n "42'*5n -' " "'6$ -'*4'n-'n4 *&'", '* -'4&, -'4"&& "#92' '* +2 ' $+2___. P' $%n )3 92'n #+n 92' 'n '"M2n-# 22 I*&'" n# 'n-&( $(* n'4'*-- -' 'n*'n7 +#&

+&' -'" &'3 M'**, 92' *5"# /'n-&( -'*&2& " #+&'*5n -' "#*$+'*, &'2n& "#* -*+'&*#* 3 -& "* n4#n'* &'n$n-$'n#* e. In4"2*# )3 92'n )%" -' " T#&() n2'/ 92'/'n' -' D#*0 " T#&(), 92' '" Sn# $*$# # +#& $'-# -'"M'** 'n*'&(, *'&( 2n T#&() n2'/0 '" Sn# ':+"4&( "#*

J2*#* 'n '" J&-n -' E-n "* &7#n'* -' " n2'/ T#&() 92' "-&( +#& $n#* -'" M'** \

L#*-ilso-os medie+ales 2/'n 92' +f2n-7& 'n '*' '$-' " ''&n--, +#"'$7n-# 4#n 4&*n#* 3 $2*2"$n'*, 92'*#*'nn " %n -' +&' -' " T#&(). S-3 - &'*&7#n'*0 " +&$'& '* '" '*$#n# -' " E*4&2&, 92' )%" -'

+&'4'+#* 92' )n -' 62&-&*' -' 6'n'&45n 'n 6'n'&45n


23/63


4'+# -' T#&(). N# *' +#3 'n ':#* %%"4#* *n4h 'n '" +&n4+# -' 92' 2n +f' n# +2'-' 4$%& " T#&() 3 'n '" 4&(4'&per-ecto -' " $*$, 2n92' -' f#&$ -f'&'n' M$5n-'*0 "T#&() '* +'&f'4 +#&92' 4#n-24' "#S )#$%&'* " F"$f'"4--, '" $#&. S D#* " %&, -'% &''$+"7&" +#& #&,

+2'* '* $+#*%"' 92' n# - $'-#* +& '" n, ' $#&. A#&'n, n2'/ T#&() *'& nf'& # 62" " %-. En '"+&$'& 4*#, D#* n# 4#n*'62& '" fn -' )4'& -'" $#& '" /"#&$(* 6&n-'@ 'n '" *'62n-#, D#* 42& -' f#&$ n'4, "# 92' n#*' +2'-' -$&. #*'f A"%# 4&4 M$5n-'* +#& 4#n*-'&&" ''&n-- 2n 4&''n4 f2n-$'n", n-'+'n-'n' -'" J2-*$#.P& " " n# %%"-- n# '* f2n-$'n" 3 n# *' +2'-'

+%& +#& " B%", 2n92' " -'f'n-', +#3(n-#*' 'n 92'nn6Fn +f' '* *2+'& M#**. E*#* +2n#* -' /* *'&'+'n &2n&$'n' )* " I"2*&45n, $'n#* 'n " C%", 92'n# 4'+ " ''&n-- -' " T#&(), 3 92' '" $2n-#, n4"2*# "T#&(), *' &'n2'/ 4".OOO #*.

La Blustracin n# 4'+ " +'&$n'n4 -' " T#&() 'n *2n'6&--. A-$' " +'&$n'n4 -' 4#n'n-#* $#&"'*, +'n'6 "#* &2"'*. En '* "n' '" J2-*$# &'f#&$-# f&$ 92') *-# %- +&' -' " T#&() &-4#n" +& '" +&'*# -'" &'"65n J2-. D' f#&$ *'$'Jn' $24)#* n'"'42"'* 3n4#n"** 4&''n 92' " %n '* n'4'*& +& '" +&'*#-' " n45n.

II. OBLIGATORIEDAD

S'n-# " T#&() ':+&'*5n -' " /#"2n- -' D#*, '* n4#n-4#n"$'n' /n42"n'. D#* $#/#* *' #f&'4'n +& "#%"6#&'--, " %#n-- ++ -' " 445n 3 " /#"2n- -'D#*.

E" +&$'& $#/# +&'4' 'n '" J2-*$# )'"'n* , 92' *' /'#%"6-# -'f'n-'& " &4#n"-- -' " E'3 f&'n'

EM Cf, B'n S& =,18@ 18,>;@ >;,>>@ >,1;,=0 " +&(44 -' " L'3 '*4#n-45n +& " /'&--'& *%-2&@ -' 92 92' " *%-2& *' " "#&.I62"$'n' 'n " C& -' A&*' .1?1=8 " L'3 'n' 2n -#%"' fn"--0

+#& 2n +&', +&'*'&/& I*&'" -' #- 4#n$n45n -#"(&4@ +#& #&, *'&memorial -' D#*, 92' 6#%'&n 3 4#n*'&/ *2 +2'%"#, 3 "' &'42'&- *2 4#n-45n-' 4&2& 3 " n'4'*-- 92' 'n' -' &'"7& #- 445n 4#n J2*4. I62"$'n'; M4 ,>.


24/63

;?? P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

" 4&4 -' $%'n'* 42"/-#*, %2*4n-# &7#n'* '*+'4"$'n' +& 92'""#* +&'4'+#* 92', -'*-' 2n +2n# -' /*&4#n", n# &'*2"n '/-'n'*. En 6'n'&", "* &7#n'* *' %2*4n'n " 4#&&'*+#n-'n4 -' " T#&() 4#n " 4&'45n 3 *2*':6'n4*. L n#45n -' /#i,?c@ n# '*( "'J#* -' " -'


25/63

D.$#. 3aturale/a de la Torh ;?1

45n. S' 'n$&4n * -'n -'" +"n 6'n'&" -' " '"'445n, 'n "92' D#* -'4-' '"'6& I*&'" 3 'n'& 2n &'"45n +'&*#n" 4#n "$'-n' " $+#*45n -'" 326# -' " T#&() . En '* "n' R.E"7& %'n A7&3) f&$ 92' " T#&() n# 'n' +#& 92 *'62& "n2&"'7@ )3 92' 4'+& '" $n-#, n# +#&92' '*( -' 42'&-#

4#n " n2&"'7, *n# +#&92' "# ) $n--# '" P-&' -' "#*4'"#*. N# *' 4#$' " 4&n' -'" 4'&-# +#&92' n# 62*' # *' $",*n# +#&92' * "# ) -'4--# D#*0 N# -'%# -'4&0 n# 'n6#-'*'#* -' 4#$'& 4&n' -' 4'&-# ...V *n# 8.e SL'/, '-#*)$ "",-@ !"92 S$'#n 1,=>=.


26/63

;?> P.BB. Pe y prais del judasmo

*2%34'n'* 4- $n-$'n#. P' &'"/7n-# '" +'*# -''** $#/4#n'*, +2'* 42"92'& &75n 92' *' +2'- -& -' "#*$n-$'n#*, +#& "564 92' *', '* n*6nf4n' &'*+'4# *24#n'n-# nfn#, 92' n2n4 +#-&'$#* ""'6& 4#$+&'n-'&. P#&'* &75n D#* ) &'/'"-# 3 --# 4#n#4'& *5"# M#** "*

&7#n'* -' " T#&()`_, +#&92' * "* )2%'& --# 4#n#4'& "#*)#$%&'*, ':* '" +'"6 -' $"4#$+&'n-'& n# "* &7#n'*4#$# " ++ n2&"'7 -' " "'3 3 4%&n f(4"$'n'2#&7n-# ':4'+4#n'*. P& "#* &%n#* '*( 4" 92' '"4#n#4'& "* &7#n'* n# 2#&7 '" $#-f4& # *2+&$& 2n

+&'4'+#, 3 92', *'n 42"'* f2'&'n "* &7#n'*, *2 F"$# $#/#'* " /#"2n- -' D#*`__. P#& '""# '" J2-*$# #-#:# 42"&'4)7 '"judasmo a la carta -' #* 6&2+#*0 )3 92' 4'+& -'f#&$ 62" #-* "* +&'*4&+4#n'* -' " T#&(), +2'* 4&''& 'n 2nT#&() &'/'"- 3, " /'7, '"'6& 'n&' "#* $n-$'n#* 'nf2n45n -'" ++# J24# +'&*#n", n# '* $(* 92' +&''n-'& *'&$(* *%#* 92' D#* 92' "#* ) +$2"6-#`_. H3 $n-$'n#*423 $#/45n " ':+"4 " $*$ T#&(), 4#$# '" $#& "':&nJ' >,>?0 +#&92' /#*#* f2*'* ':&nJ'* 'nE6+#, '" *(%-# ?,110 +#&92' 'n *'* -* D#* 4&'5...,-'/#"/'& '" /'*-# #$-# 'n +&'n- >,>;0 +& 92' n#4"$' !)/. A /'4'* *' %2*4 &75n 'n " $*$ n2&"'7 -'" #%&, +' '*# n# '* +#*%"' +& #-#* "#* $n-$'n#*, +#&"# 92' -'4 !#Jnn %'n Z3 92' *#n -'4&'#* -/n#* 92' n#*' +2'-'n -*42&`__, *2%&3n-# * *2 f2n-$'n45n 'n "/#"2n- -/n. D' 92 " 'n-'n4 -& $#/4#n'* -' +#6'n'&", *2%&3n-# "#* %'n'* 92' *' 4#n*62'n # $"'* 92' *''/n 4#n *2 42$+"$'n#. P#& 'J'$+"#0 *' '$+"' '" +&n4+#medida por medida0 D#* 42&( 4#n n#*#* 4#$# n#*#*42$#* 4#n "#* -'$(*@ " &'4#$+'n* +#& '" 42$+"$'n#`_@ '"

%'n -'" )#$%&', +2'* "' )4'n J2*#``, "#

^_ N2$R 1,;@ '* @ !"2 S$'#n 1,.

Sn) >1%@ . N7 ,>,. E*# '* /("-# n4"2*# 'n '" 4*# 'n 92' " $*$T#&() &'/'" " &75n, +2'* +2'-'n ':*& #&* &7#n'* 92' " T#&() n# )&'/'"-#. T$%n +2'-' *'& 92' "* &7#n'* +'&'n'74n " 4$+# -' *2"--'*n*'92%"'* " "564 3 " ':+'&'n4


27/63

D.$#, 3aturale/a de la Torh ;?

+#n'n +&2'% 3 "# +2&f4n `_, "%&n -'" +'4-# `, 2$'nn "*f2'&7* -'" )#$%&' +& 92' *"6 /4#*# 3 2$'n' "*n--__, 2$'nn " *n-- -' I*&'"_\. A /'4'* *' #f&'4'n&7#n'* +#3(n-#*' 'n 2n n'&+&'45n *$%5"4 -' "6Fn-'""' -' " &-45n #&"0 +#& 'J'$+"#, '" n2-# -' "#* 'f"$

-'%' 4'& )4 -'"n' +& 92' I*&'" *'$+&' '* -'"n'. P')3 $#/#* 92' -'%'n -'*4&&*', 4#$# 62&-& 2n$n-$'n# +#&92' &' *2'&'_\ +2'* "#* $n-$'n#* n# )n*-# --#* +#& '" %'n'f4# $'&" +'&*#n" 92' +2'-n

+*&&_\__.C#n #-#, $(* &-' )2%# $#&*\_ 92' n# *' 4#n'nn

4#n '* ':+"445n 3 *2+2*'n " ':*'n4 -' &7#n'*'*#&4* +& #-# +# -' $n-$'n#*, n4"2*# +& "#*':+"4%"'*. L* &7#n'* #42"* 'n '*' $2n-# *' -&n 4#n#4'&'n '" M2n-# 22_^_. ! n# *' 92'-n 92 *n# 92' -'&/n)4 '" '*#'&*$#, -4'n-# 92' 'n '" M2n-# 22 "* "'&* -'" T#&() *' +2'-'n 4#$%n&

j`_ Sn) 1?@ L'/R ,=.

_^ M'n ;%,^ MER. !ISMAEL,!asse5hta deAShabheta 1, ;1._\ Cf, Duando el Lu&ar a1ade un nue+o mandamiento a Bsrael, le concede una

nue+a santidad ?, >?. E* D#* '"6'n' 92' *nf4 +#& $'-# -'" $n-$'n#, n# 2n /&2- 25n#$ -'"

+&'4'+#, -' 92' *' +#n' -' $nf'*# 'n " f5&$2"0 D#*, que nos hasanti-icado con sus mandamientos y nos ha ordenado .


28/63

;?; P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

-' #& $n'& 3 'n4#n&& * '" /'&--' #&-'n -' " T#&(),#&-'n 92', * *' 4#n#4'& )#&, *' 'n-& +#-'& -' &'*24&$2'*___. L#* 4%"** -'*&""n '** -'*, n'nn-#':+"4& '*&242& '*#&4 -' " T#&(), %*' -' /'& 4--'""' -' " T#&() 'n n$ &'"45n 4#n '" $2n-# -' "* se-irot.

L#* -ilso-os medie+ales /#"/'n *#%&' '* '$(4,n'nn-# 4##&-n& "#* -#* $#/#*, " /#"2n- -' D#*, 92' *'*2'"' 4#n*-'&& $#/# +&$, 3 " &4#n"-- -' " "'3,'*f#&7(n-#*' +#& #f&'4'& $#/#* f"#*5f4$'n' 4#n/n4'n'*.C#$# *' ) ':+2'*# &&%, ++5*# -' " &'/'"45n, S-3n/ /'& -&'4$'n' " %#n-- -' "#* +&'4'+#* &4#n"'*, 'n-&'4$'n', +#& "#* %'n'f4#* +'&*#n"'* # *#4"'* 92' *'#%'n'n +#& *2 #%*'&/n4, " %#n-- -' "* "'3'* n# &7#n%"'*.2-) )L'/, +#& *2 +&', *2%&3 " /#"2n- -' D#*, *%# 3#$n+#'n', 92' 92'&' 4'&4& '" )#$%&' *. M$5n-'*f&$ 92', 42n-# +'&$n'4' -'*4#n#4- " /'&--'& &75n -'2n $n-$'n# # -' 2n "'3, )3 92' '*f#&7&*' +#& +'&4%& *2n'&* 3 *2 *$%#"*$#_\.

La Blustracin /# " T#&() 4#$# 2n &'"-- n'6/,+&$/ 3 4#n&& " +&'*#, 92' 3 n# 'n' f2'&7 88>?.


29/63


;?

42" 'n&' '" "'4#& n-/-2"


30/63

CPTULO XXII

S"(;"" 'SD;BT:;"6$

En '" J2-*$#, " S6&- E*4&2&, +#& '" )'4)# -' *'& 2n4n#n 4'&&-#, 4#n*23' 2n 2n--, 2n 42'&+# -' '*4**6&-#*, 4#n*-'&- " 2#&-- $3#&=.

I. ORIGEN. LA TORHH-REVELACION ENIRAEL ! EN EL "#$%&O ANTIG#O

Un 4#$+#n'n' %(*4# -' " ':+'&'n4 &'"6#* *&'" '*" 4#n/445n -' 92' D#* "#* ) '"'6-#, "'* ) )%"-#, "'* )--# *2 T#&(), P"%&&'/'"45n +& '" +&'*'n' 3 P"%&

+$'* +& '" f22. I*&'" '* 4#n*4'n' -' 92' " P"%&&'/'"45n+$'* '* /("- +& #-#* "#* '$+#* 3, +#& '""#, )

+*&-# )4'& &'"'42&* 42"7n'* -' " +"%& -' f#&$92' /3 "2$nn-# "#* +%"'$* n2'/#* 92' *' /n

+&'*'nn-#. E* "# 92' )#3 - *' +2'-' ""$& actitud dersica o42- -' b4squeda de lu/ para los problemas presentes en lapalabra ya dada.

S' & -' 2n 42- +&'*'n' 'n '" +2'%"# -' I*&'" -'*-' "#*'$+#* n62#*, 42- 92' f2' 2n $##& $+#&n' 'n '"

+'*# -' f#&$45n -' " B%". A*, " +&n4+#, f2' " P"%&f2n-n' -- 2n* &%2* n5$-* 'n "* &'/'"4#n'* -'" :#-#3 -'" Sn, 423# 4#n'n-# '& "# 92' D#* )7# 3 -J#. C#n

+"%&* -' E: 1,;*0 #*#* )%* /*# #-# "# 92' 3# )')'4)# 4#n "#* '6+4#* 3 45$# #* )' ""'/-# 4#$# *#%&' "* -'(62" ...V )#&, +2'*, * #* $ /#7 3 62&-(* $ "n7,/#*#* *'&* $ ++'-- +'&*#n". E:+'&'n4 -' *"/45n

+#& 2n D#* +'&*#n", &'"45n +'&*#n" 'n&' '*' D#* 3 '" +2'%"#*"/-# +#&

=>Cf. EPHRAIME. URBACH, The Sa&es I, >8=1;@ A. APLAN,Prcis de pensejui+e, 1=18?.=Cf. . NEUSNER, Scripture and Tradition in udaism, 181.


31/63

;?8 P.BB. Pe y prais del judasmo

$'-# -' 2n "n7, n#&$* 92' *'62&n " //'n4 -' '*&'"45n +'&*#n", #-# '*# 4#n*23' " &-45n %(*4 92' *'&n*$ #&"$'n' 3 4#n*2 " %*' '#"564 3 J2&-4 -'I*&'" 4#$# +2'%"# -' D#*, *2 T#&(). In*"-#* 'n P"'*n 3*$"-* #&* &%2*, *' $+2*# 2n &'"'42& 42"7n' -'

'* &-45n f2n-n' +& 4#$#-&" "* n2'/*4&42n*n4*@ f2' 2n &'"'42& -n($4 3 4&'4'n', 92' %n'6&n-# n2'/* ':+'&'n4* &'"6#** 3 )2$n*. M(*-'"n', "# "&6# -' " )*#& -'" &'n# 2n-# 3 -/--#, n'"#* n2'/#* +%"'$* 92' /n +&'4'n-#, *' )4'n #&*&'"'42&* -' " &-45n +& "2$n& "* n2'/* *24#n'*. En#-# '*' +'*# f2' $+#&n' " $22 *$%#** 'n&' "P"%& 92' "2$n 3 '" )'4)# +&'*'n' 92' #%"6% &'"''&" 392', 2n /'7 "2$n-#, 32-% 4#n#4'& $'J#& " P"%& 3 *2*'n-# +f2n-#.

E" -'*'& -' B%"#n *2+2*# 2n 4$%# &-4" 'n "*245n -'" +2'%"#, "# 92' #%"65 )4'& 2n n2'/ &'"'42& -'" &-45n %(*4 3 -' "#* #&(42"#* -' "#* +f'* n'&'* "4(*f'. Un -' "* 42** -' " 4&** '& " "'Jn -' " T'&&

Sn 3 -'" '$+"# -' '&2*"n, "26& +&/"'6-# -' " +&'*'n4-' !)/, 3 4#n '""# " $+#*%"-- -'" 42"#. S' *'nn -'J-#*-' " $n# -' D#*, "'J#* -' " 3 -' *2 445n *"/-#&. En '**245n "#* *4'&-#'* 32-n " +2'%"# #$& 4#n4'n4 -'92' D#* *62' 'n $'-# -' '""#* -' /&* f#&$*, 'n&' '""* 2n$23 $+#&n', +#& $'-# -' *2 P"%&, " 92' 4&'5 '" $2n-# 3'*( +&'*'n' 'n " T#&(). S'n-# '*# *, *' - $24)$+#&n4 " P"%& 3 *' 4#n4'n& " 4/-- -' "#*-'*'&&-#* 'n #&n# '"". E* P"%& 4#n*23' *2 +&$#n#42"2&" &'"6#*# '*+'4f4# 3 "'* 32-&( -'fn& *2 ++

+'&*#n"-- 4#$# +2'%"# 'n 2n 4#n':# ':. A +&& -' '*'$#$'n#, I*&'" *' / -'fn& 4#$# '"pueblo de la Palabra, "92' ""$ T#&() -- +#& D#*. C#$# 4#n*'42'n4 -' '* n2'//*5n, "#* *4'&-#'* 3 4#n '""#* "#* '*4&%* "4#* *' -'-4n &'42+'&& 3 &'"''& "* n62* &-4#n'*, 4&'n-# n2'/* *n'**-'" 4#nJ2n# 3 n2'/* &'"'42&* -' "#* n62#* ':#* +f'4'*.

A " /2'" -'" -'*'&, -2&n' " +#4 +'&*, 'n-&(n "26&-#* )'4)#* *2$$'n' $+#&n'* 92' -''&$n&(n "4#nf62&45n -'" J2-*$#, '" +&$' '* " -'4"&45n -' "T#&() 4#$# L'3 -' E*-#, #%"6#&, 3 '" *'62n-# '" +#n'&


32/63

D.$$. Sa&rada 'scritura ;?

" +#& '*4. L T#&() *' *F * 'n '" 4'n &'"6#*# -'"J2-*$#, 3 '"" *' *'n'n *#$'-#* #-#* "#* J2-#*, n# "#*&'6&'*-#* " T'&& Sn 4#$# "#* 92' *' 92'-n 'nB%"#n. L 4'+45n -' "* &'/'"4#n'* 3 +$'** -' "T#&(), * 4#$# *2* $+#*4#n'* 4&4'&*4* K4&42n4*5n,

*(%-#, +2 ' $+2K, 4&4'&7&(n " J2-#.L a'()ali*a'i+n dersi'a3 +2'* +#& '*4 -' " P"%&,&' 3 4#$'n7- 'n '" -'*'&, *' n4&'$'n 3 *' ""'/ &$n# 'n *2 $3#& +&' 'n '* +#4, '-(n-#*' "* n62*&-4#n'* %(*4* J2n# 4#n "* &-4#n'* +f4* 3 #&**+'n4"'* $(* &'4'n'*. &2# $+#&n' -' '*' &%J# f2' '"P'n'24#, f&2# -' " &''"%#&45n -' &-4#n'* n'&'*, 'n'" 92' *' #f&'4' 2n )*#& -' *"/45n 92' ':+&'* " /#"2n--' D#* *#%&' *2 +2'%"#. En 2n +&$'& $#$'n#, n# *' "'4#n*-'& *n $(* la T#&(), *n# 2n ':+#n'n' $+#&n' -' '"",n# '" Fn4#.

L +&45n -' '*' ':# f2' 2n )'4)# $%/"'n'0 +#& 2n+&', '& 2n )'4)# +#*/# -'*-' '" +2n# -' /* -' "4#n*'&/45n -' " &-45n, +', +#& #&, ':* '" +'"6 -'

4#n/'&& '" n2'/# '*4 'n 2n ':#sa&rado, n#4%"', 92' *'+2'-' & +'&f4n-#, J'n# 2n &'"6#*-- 42", )*5&4,// 3 4#$+$'-, 423# *'&/4# )% n4-#. L 42--'&(*4 32-&( "#* $'** -'" J2-*$#, *4'&-#'* 3 '*4&%*"4#*, *2+'&& '*' '*4#""#, 'J'&4n-#" -' 2n n2'/ f#&$0 *n'* *' &% -' &'"''& 3 42"7& "* &-4#n'* #&"'*, )#&'* 42- *' ':'n-' $%n n' el nue+o teto escrito 3 "#*#* 3 ':*'n'* +& )4'&"#* //#* 3 42"'*. L* n2'/*&'"'42&* /'4'* *' '*4&%'n, /'4'* *' &n*$'n #&"$'n'. L*92' *' '*4&%'n -n "26& " +&45n -' n2'/* #%&*, 4#$# ")*#& -'" Cn*, &'"'42& -' " )*#& -'2'n#$*, # "$#-f445n -' "* ':*'n'* 4#n 6"#** 42"7n'*. L* 92' *'&n*$'n #&"$'n' -n "26& la aparicin de un corpus oralde tradiciones actualizantes, )*5&4*, '#"564* 3 J2&-4*, 92'*' &( &n*$'n-# J2n# 4#n '" ':# '*4 3 &'4%&( '" n#$%&'-' tradicin de los padres o Torh oral " 92' *' "' - '" $*$#/"#& 92' " '*4&, 3 92' +'-'n -' " $*$ $&7.

L +#4 *62'n', )'"'n*$n, f2' $+#&n' 'n42n# 92' 'n '"" +&'4'n '" &'*# -' "%* 92' n'6&&(n '"4n#n 3, +#& #& +&', *' n4&'$'n5 " 4/-- -'&(*4, -n-#"26& 2n %2n-n' "'&2& #&" 3 '*4&


33/63


34/63

D.$$. Sa&rada 'scritura ;11

'24#. N# *5"# '* " +&' $(* $+#&n' -' "* E*4&2&*, *n#$%n -' " T#&() #&". En " 4#n4'+45n n#&$" -'" &%n*$#4"(*4# *' 4#n*-'& " T#&()P'n'24# 4#$# 4'n 3 #-# "#-'$(* 4#$# dibre qahhala, palabras de la tradicin, 4#$'n=;.S' & -' 2n 4#$'n -' -/'&*# +#, '*4 >@ P. STEANI, O.C, .==#)R 1,1.=Cf. . MAIER, O.C, 1;?.=8Cf. M. !- III,@ I,=.


35/63

;1> P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

S#n "%*santos, que manchan las manos,+&n4+# -$-#+#& #-#*, $'n#* +#& "#* *-24'#*=. En 2n 4#n':# 'n 92')% +&'4-# 2n %2n-n' "'&2& -' 4&(4'&&'"6#*#, '& n'4'* -''&$n& 92 "%* '&n "#* 92' *'+#-n 2"7& 'n " "2&6 4#n "#* &'92*#* -' +2&'7

':6-#* 'n 4"-- -' "%*santos, ':4"23'n-# "#* 92' n#'n'n '*' 4&(4'&.En '*' 4#n':#santo, '* '" '$+"#, "26& -' " +&'*'n4 -'

D#*, '" 92' )4 *n#* "* +'&*#n* 3 #%J'#* 92' 'n&%n 'n4#n4# 4#n ". En " *' 62&-%n, 3 -'*-' "#* '$+#* -'"'$+"# -' S"#$5n, "#* "%* 92' *' 4#n*-'&%n *6&-#* # +#&*2 #&6'n &'/'"-# # +#& *2 4#n'n-#. E" 44'*# 3 2*# -' '*#*"%* *5"# '& "4# "#* *4'&-#'*, 92' -'%n )4'&"# -'42'&-# 4#n "* n#&$* -' +2&'7 &2" 4#&&'*+#n-'n'* *2*n--. S#n "%* que contaminan las manos. D' 92 /'n' "-'n#$n45n Sa&rada escritura, Gitb haAqodes o escritos de

santidad, -- '*#* '*4*. C#n '* ':+&'*5n *' -'*6n5 'n+&$'& "26& '" P'n'24#, 42*#--# 'n '" '$+"# +#& "#**4'&-#'*. P' '*' $#n#+#"# -'" T'$+"# 3 "#* *4'&-#'* *'$+5 +#& +&' -' /* 6&2+#* 92' n'nn 'n'& 'J'$+"&'*-' " T#&() '*4&. P#& 2n +&', "# 4#n*62'n "#* *4'&-#'*

-*-'n'* -' 2$&(n, +#& #&, $24)#* "4#* '*4&%* 3 f&*'#*,92' &%23'n *2* 'J'$+"&'* " $*$ *n--, "# 92'$+"4% +& '""#* -''&$n-* +&(44* -' +2&f445n,2n92' &'%Jn '" 6&-# -' *n--, -' f#&$ 92' "#* "4#*

+2-'&n $n'J& "#* "%* santos. E*# *2+2*# 2n 2$'n# -' "2#&-- -' "#* '*4&%* "4#* 3, 4#&&'"/$'n', 2n -'*4'n*# -'" -' "#* *4'&-#'*, 92' 3 n# 'nn '" $#n#+#"# -' " T#&(). E*

+#*%"' 92' " &'/"#&745n -' "#* Pf'* 3 -' "#* '2%$4#$# S6&- E*4&2&, J2n# " T#&(), )3 92' &%2&"#, 3 n#4#$# F"$ &/n, al inters por tetos de " re+elacin que noestu+ieran%J# '" 4#n" -'" T'$+"#. C#n #-#, *2%34' " -' -'2n *n-- $3#& 'n '" P'n'24#, 4#$# +2'-' /'&*' 'n "*n#&$* '*+'4"'* ':*'n'* +& )4'& 4#+*, 92' *#n $(*':6'n'* +& &n*4&%& " T#&() 92' +& "#* Pf'* 3 "#*E*4*. A 42* -' '*' 4&(4'& *n#, 'n "#* *6"#* IIII '+n5n 4#$Fn 92' #-* "* 4#+* -' "#* "%* %%"4#* conA

taminan las manos, 'n 42n# 92' +/'n'n -' 'J'$+"&'*santos7.

2n# '* $#/45n "F&64, $%n )3 #& -' +# -#4&n"," n'4'*-- -' -''&$n& "#* "%* 92'

=M. !- I,=.?Cf. . MAIER, O.C, >8?.>? 3 "# -4)# *#%&' '*4&%* 3 f&*'#* 'n C.,II.


36/63


4#n'n'n " P"%& -' D#*, *#n 2#&/#* 3 *' +2'-'n "''&+F%"4$'n' 'n '" '$+"# 3 'n " *n6#6.

D'*-' '" +2n# -' /* )*5&4#, 3 -'*-' '" *.II .C. . L# 92' * *')7# 'n " +#4 -' !%n' f2' " '"'445n -' 2n +# -' ':#)'%&'#, '" 92' $(* -'"n' *' ""$&( teto masortico


37/63

;1; P.BB. Pe y prais del judasmo

'n'* 'n '* +#4, 4#$# )n +2'*# -' &'"'/' "#* $n2*4*'n4#n&-#* 'n "* 42'/* -'" M& M2', -#n-' "#* $n2*4*

%%"4#* n'&'* " # ? &'f"'Jn -/'&*#* +#* -' ':# 3 "#*+'&'n'4'n'* " +'-# 'n&' "* -#* 62'&&* n4n#*, 'n&' '""#* "#* F"$#* +f'*;. E" 4n#n 42" '*2n 4n#n 4'&&-#, " 92' n- *' +2'-' -& n 92&.

Los criterios &'f"'J#* 92' *' '$+"'n +& -''&$n& 92"%* *#n 4n5n4#* f2'n +&'4'n-# +#4# +#4# 'n '" *.II-.C, 2n92' n# #-#* "#* ':+"4%n -' " $*$ f#&$. Un

+&$'& 4&' '*( #$-# -' " +&:*, '* -'4&, -' *2 2*# +F%"4#'n '" '$+"# 3 'n " *n6#6, "# 92' $+"4% 92' '" "% -')'4)# '& santo. O 4&', 92' 'n " +&(44 2/# $24)$+#&n4, f2' '" -'" "26& 3 "'n620 *5"# "#* "%* '*4* 'n)'%&'# 3 'n T'&& -' I*&'" *#n *n#*. P#& 'U# ':4"23'n 4#$#+54&f#* "#* "%* T#%*, 2-, A-4#n'* E*'&, B&24, C&-' '&'$*, B'n S&, S%-2&, 1 3 > M4%'#*, M4%'#*, E*-&* 3 O&45n -' Mn*'*, "62n#* -' "#* 42"'* *#n&'4#n#4-#* 'n '" 4n#n 45"4# 4#$# -'2'n5n4#*. Un'&4'& 4&' f2' '" 4#n'n-# +f4# -' 2n "%. P& "#*n62#* " +f'4 )% 4'*-# 4#n '" -'*'&@ +#& '""#, "#*"%* +f'4'* n'&'* 'n&n 'n '" 4n#n

M. !- III,


38/63


*n -f42"-, +' 3 n# 4'+n #* +#*'&'*. Dn'" +2-#'n&& +#&92' n# *' 2/# 'n 42'n " 4n#"#6 &'"


39/63

;1= P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

n"$'n', 'n '" J2-*$# &%n4# '" P'n'24# '* " T#&()+#& ':4'"'n4. E* " +&' 92' *' 62&- 'n " *n6#6 3 " 92'*' - $(* $+#&n4 'n " "'42& *n6#6".

%Los Pro-etas770 #*, 2', 1 3 > S$, 1 3 > R', I*, '&, E7, 3"#* D#4' Pf'* M'n#&'*. L /"#&45n -' "#* +f'* 4#$#

&'/'"45n -/n f2' "'n 3 -'*62" 'n "#* -/'&*#* *'4#&'* -'"J2-*$# +&'&&%n4#. M'n&* 92' 'n '" NT +&'4'n 4#$#+"%& 2#&7-, J2n# " P'n'24#, 'n #* *'4#&'* n#4#n*62'n #%'n'& 2n &'4#n#4$'n# 6'n'&", n *92'& 2nn/'" nf'& " T#&(), +#*%"'$'n' 42* -' 2n 4#n4'+45n-' " )*#&, $&4-$'n' '*4#"564, 92' )%n &'4%-# "#*'*4* +f'4'* 'n *2 f#&$ fn", 3 92' n# #-#* 4#$+&n,4#$# "#* *-24'#*, 92' $n'nn 2n +#*2& &'*&4/ n' "#*

+f'*. I62"$'n' "5n +'n* * 4 "#* +f'*, 423#* ':#**5"# +&'4'n -' f#&$ $&6n" 'n *2* #%&*, 2n92' +#-&)%'&"#* 4-# $23 #+#&2n$'n' 'n f2n45n -' "#* '$* 92'&. E" &%n*$# 3 J2-*$# #-#:#8"#* 4'+, +' *'$+&''n f2n45n -' " T#&(). E" $'n*J' '*'n4" 92' )3 92' -'-24&-' #-#* '""#* "# /'n &'*2$-# 'n "* F"$* +"%&* -'" F"$#-' "#* +f'*0 recordad la Torh de !oiss, mi sier+o, que yo heordenado en ?oreb para todo Bsrael, leyes y decretos


40/63


Nabbala palabras de la tradicin8# 3 'n' '" $*$#/"#& #%"6n' 92' "* '*4&* 'n " T#&().

R'*+'4# "#* 2#&'*, '" &%n*$# #+n 92' #*2 ) *-#'*4 +#& '" $*$# #*2, 2n92' '" &'"# -' *2 $2'&' ,>?> 3 " -' E"'7& *' -'%'n PnJ* 8>@ 2'4'* +#& S$2'", "#

$*$# 92' " +&$'& +&' -' S$2'", )* *2 $2'&' ,1@ '" &'*# -' 1 S$ 3 #-# > S$ ) *-# '*4 +#& "#*+f'* G- 3 N(n8.1 3 > R' )n *-# '*4* +#& '&'$*,92' ) n4"2-# ':#* +&4"$'n' '*4* +#& +f'*n'&'*8;. I** f2' +2'*# +#& '*4 +#& " '*42'" -'" &'3E7'92*. A2n92' '& 4#*2$%&' -' "#* +f'* '*4&%& *2*

+f'4* +#4# n'* -' *2 $2'&', 4#$# "# )% )'4)# M#**,I**, *'*n-# +#& '" &'3 Mn*'*, n# 2/# " +#*%"-- -')4'&"#, +', 4#$# )%n *-# )'4)* +F%"4*, +"$-* n''" *n'-&n 3 4#n*'&/-* 'n *2* &4)/#*, *' 'n4&65 -' '*4&%&"*'" *n'-&n '*%"'4-# $(* &-' +#& '" &'3 E7'92* ,0 fn"@!"2 S$'#n 1,18@ >,=@ >,;@ >,88.88BB 1;%@ 1.8, M'6 1,,@ R2R ;,@ I%n E7& *#%&' [: 1>,1.


41/63

;18 P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

&'4#n#4' " ':*'n4 -' #&* +f'4* '*4&*, +' #+n 92'*5"# )n *-# &''n-* +#& " B%" "* &'92'&-* +& #-* "*6'n'&4#n'* f22&*?.

4Los 'scritos *#n0 S", P/, #%, Cn, R2, L$, #), E*,Dn, E*-, N'), 1 3 > C&5n. H2%# -2-* *#%&' '" Cn& -' "#*

Cn&'*, #)'"' # E4"'*** 3 "* +&'* &$'* -' E*- 3 Dn,;=,> 92' f2'n &'*2'"* 'n *'n-#+#*/#, '*+'4"$'n' "* -'" Cn&, 423# 4&(4'& santo '*-'f'n--# 4#n f2'&71.

E" *"' '* 2n 4*# '*+'4" -'n -' '*' 6&2+#, n#$%&(n-#*'"', /'4'*, 4#$# &'+&'*'nn' -' #-# '" 4#nJ2n# 3, A*f " 4#"'445n ? 3 8, "#* )J#* -' C#& " 4#"'445nf#&$- +#& "#* S" *$, *Q, 78, 8*A8, 88Q.

.34

?M'6 1;. S'6Fn '" +&'4'& -' R*, I%n E7& 3 #* 4#$'n&**, ':*'nn2$'*#* '*4* +f'4'* *5"# 4#n*'&/-#* +#& 2n 4' '$+#, entre '""#*"62n#* -'*n-#* " 2*# -' "#* &'3'*, 4#$# *#n "#* )#3 ""$-#* $-&*'*, +'n# )n *-# 4#n*'&/-#* +#&92' n# 4#n4'&nn " 4#nJ2n# -'" +2'%"#.1M. !- 111,,@ 1,@ M. E- ,@ ARN 1,;@ M'6 @ CnR 1,11@ S)% ?%@L'/R >8,1@ #)R 1,;@ P'* =8%.>D'*+2* -'" *"' /'n'n 'n $+#&n4 "#* "%* )*5&4#*, P/ 3 #% .>8Cf A, APLAN, O,Cg 1818?.;BB 1;%@ P'* 11@ CnR ;,@ #)R ,@ M-&T') 1,=.S#%&' A-(n 4f. 6 S" >,1@ #)R 1,@ !"2 S$'#n >,8;@ Z#)& >,18@*#%&' A%&)$ 4f. 6 S" 8@ *#%&' M#** 4f, M-&T') ?,@ !"2 S$'#n 1,?@P'* 18@ *#%&' H'$(n 4f. CnR ;,@ #)R ,@ *#%&' !'-22n 4f. CnR ;,@#)R ,@ *#%&' "#* )J#* -' C#& 4f. CnR ;,@ #)R ,.


42/63


C#n &'"45n " #&6'n -' #* '2%fn, +& " &-45n&%n4 P/'&%#*, #)'"' 3 Cn& -' "#* Cn&'* )n *-#'*4* +#& '" &'3 S"#$5n +#& '*' #&-'n, +', '*n-# " fn"-' *2 /- $23 #42+-# 'n "#* *2n#* +F%"4#* 3 n# +2-'n-#'-&"#*, *' 'n4&65 -' '""# $(* &-' " '*42'" -'" &'3

E7'92*=

. #% ) *-# '*4 +#& M#**

, R2 por SamuelQ8

,Lamentaciones por JeremasQQ. E*'& f2' '*4 #&6n&$'n'+#& M&-#92'#, $#-# -' 4&, "* -f'&'n'* 4#$2n--'*J2-* +& nf#&$&"'* -'" $"6 ?, +' *' +"n'5'" +%"'$ -' * *' n4"2 # n# 'n " B%"@ n4"2*# -'*+2* -')%'&*' -'4--# )4'&"#, n# *' +#- +2%"4& f2'& -' " T'&&Sn, +#& "# 92' f2' +2%"4-# $(* &-' +#& " G&n A*$%"'1??.L* +f'4* -' Dn'", )%'n-# 'n-# "26& f2'& -' " T'&&Sn, n# +#-n +2%"4&*' n$'-$'n', +#& "# 92' f2'n

+2%"4-* +#& " G&n A*$%"'1?1. L#* "%* -' E*-&* 3N')'$* f2'n +2%"4-#* +#& E*-&*, B y $ Drnicas Kbasta $Droa $#,$K ha *-# '*4 +#& E*-&*, '" &'*# ) *-#4#$+"'-# +#& N')'$*1?>.

E" J2-*$# &%n4# &'4#n#4' -'$(* " ':*'n4 -' #*"%*, 4#$# "#* +54&f#*, 92' '*(n ""'n#* -' *%-2&, +', n#)%'n-# *-# '*4* %J# n*+&45n -/n, n# )n *-#n4"2-#* 'n " B%", 2n92' *' "'* +2'-' '*2-& +& #%'n'&nf#&$45n1?.

En '*' 4n#n '" n'&* &'4' " +&n4+# $(* *#%&' '"4#n'n-# 92' *#%&' " f#&$ ':2". P&$' '& -''&$n& 92"% '& 4n5n4# 3, 2n /'7 *#"24#n-# '*' +%"'$, fJ& *24#n'n-#. M'n&* n# *' &'4#n#4' 2n "% 4#$# santo, *'$#-f4 '" 'n#& /'&%" -'" ':#, "# 92' $2'*& 92', -' )'4)#,n# *' 4#n*-'& n#4%"'1?;. S5"# n-# 2n "% '* 4'+-#4#$# *n#, '" +%"'$ -' "

.

=Cf, BB 1;%@ 1 @ ARN 1,;.BB 1;%.8BB 1;%.BB 1.1??BB 1@ M'6 @ 1%@ T. M'* 1,,.1?1BB 1.1?>BB 1.1?M. Sn) ,"@ . Sn) 1?,1,?@ T#*!- >,@ N2$R 1;,; fn"@ P'*R ,>.

1?;E" 2*# -' " E*4&2& +#& +&' -' "5n 3 #*'f# $2'*& 92' 'nnn' * $(* '" 4#n'n-# -'" ':# 92' *2 'n#& /'&%" =


43/63

;>? P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

f#&$ ':2" *' 4#n/'&' 'n $+#&n'. P#& '""#, 2n /'7'*%"'4-# '" 4n#n, "#* $*#&'* *' +&'#42+n -'" +%"'$-'" ':#.

C#n*'42'n4 -' " +&45n -' 2n 4n#n -' "%* *n#* f2'" +&45n -' &-244#n'* 4#&-'* 4#n "#* n2'/#* ':#*, 4#$#

" &$' -' On9'"#* 3 " 6&'6 -' 92", 3 " -'*+&45n+2"n -' "#* "%* n# 4n5n4#*, '*+'4"$'n' "#* 4#n#4-#*+#& "#* 45"4#* 4#$# +*'2-#'+6&f#*. En "* 42'/* -'" M&M2' *' )n 'n4#n&-# 'J'$+"&'* +'&'n'4'n'* " +#4n'& " -'*&2445n -' '&2*"n -'" ? -.C, +' nn62n#

+#*'&. R'"$'n' '* "'&2& ) ""'6-# n#*#* 'n 4#+*4&*n*1?.

V. CANON DENTRO DEL CANON

D' #-# '*' 4#nJ2n#, 4#$# *' ) ':+2'*# &&%, +& "#*&%n#* " +&' $(* $+#&n' '* '" P'n'24#, " T#&(),4#&75n -'" J2-*$# &%n4#. E" 4'n '* " T#&(), #-# "#-'$(* '* 4#$'n. En '" N2'/# T'*$'n#, 'n 4$%#, '"

P'n'24# -'J -' *'& 4'n, 92' *' $+" "* #&* -#* +&'*,'*+'4"$'n' "#* +f'*. M(* -'"n', +&& -' "I"2*&45n, '" J2-*$# &'f#&$-# - 2n nf** '*+'4" "#*

+f'*, 'n "#* 92' %2*4 " 4 -'" J2-*$# ''&n#, /("-# +-#* "#* '$+#* 3 +& " +#4 42", 3 -f'&'n' -'" J2-*$#"$F-4#, 92', *'6Fn "#* &'f#&$-#*, 4#n-24' 2n $#&"--$+'&f'4 3 2n n#&$/-- 92' *' 4#n4&' 'n -'/#4#n'*':'&n*. T$%n 'n&' "#* $#-'&n#* '*4&'* J2-#* +&'4'n'n-'n4* +&/"'6& +&'* -' "#* "%* 4n5n4#* 92'4#n*-'&n '#"564$'n' f2n-$'n"'*, +#& 'J'$+"# " )*#&-' "#* #&6'n'* -' I*&'", 2n92' *5"# *' &'4#n*&2%"' -' f#&$$23 )+#4@ " +f'4 4#$# ':+&'*5n *2+&'$ -' " &'"65n*&'"@ " 4#n4'n4 )*5&4 "n'", 92' &'f"'J " )*#&-'2'n5$4, '4., +' 4#n f&'42'n4 *' & -' 'nf#92'*

*2$$'n' *2%J'/#* -' " )*#& -' I*&'"1?=

.

\__`

1?L# $*$# +&'4' &'f"'J& > P' > 4#$+&- 4#n " 4& -' 2-*, M'n&* 92'* 4#n'n' /&* 4* -' " "'&2& +*'2-#'+6&(f4, > P', 92' *' *&/' -' '*''*4 'n 2n +#4 +#*'&, "* #$', )4n-#*' '4# -'" -'*+&'*6# 92' -'5 '* "'&2& 'n *2 +#4.1?=Cf. . MAIER, O.C, >S.


44/63

C.>>. Sa&rada 'scritura ,2

VI. REVELACIN $E LA ECRIT#RA

P& '" J2-*$# &%n4#, " E*4&2&, 'n 42n# +&'f2n-$'n" -' " T#&(), es del cielo, 2n92' 4- +&' *2$n'&0 '" P'n'24# ) *-# -4-# +#& D#* M#** 3, +#&'""#, '* escrito de santidad -' $n'& '*+'4"@ "#* +f'* )n&'4%-# " &'/'"45n -&'4$'n' +#& +f'4, 4#$# n-4 '"n#$%&', 3 "#* )656&f#* )n *-# '*4* %J# n*+&45n-/n, *n /*5n +f41?.C#n*62'n'$'n', " T#&() '*4&'n' 2#&-- -/n 3 #%"6 'n #-# '$+#. E* 4&4'&*4f'4 #- " E*4&2& 3 4- 2n -' *2* +&'*, " 4#$# ) *-#-''&$n-# 'n '" 4n#n %%"4#, " 92' n# *' +2'-' -& n-.D' "* &'* +&'*, '" P'n'24#, 'n 42n# 4#&75n -' " T#&(), )*-# &'/'"-# -' f#&$ '*+'4" 3 'n' $3#& f2'&70 *5"# 'n " *'f2n-$'nn "#* $n-$'n#*, mi9ot2 "* -'$(* +&'* )n *-#&'/'"-* " *'&/4# -'" P'n'24#, 4#$# dibre qabbala,palabras de tradicin, 92' "# 4#$'nn. In4"2*# "62n#* 4&''n 92''" 4#n'n-# -' +f'* 3 )656&f#* f2' &'/'"-# 'n '" Sn 3 *'f2' &n*$'n-# #&"$'n' )* 92' D#* -*+#n 92' *'

+$2"6&n +& &'*+#n-'& +%"'$* -' 4- +#41?8. L

Fn4 -f'&'n4, +2'*, 'n&' "#* 'n2n4-#* -' "#* +f'* 3)656&f#*, +#& 2n +&', 3 "#* -' "#* *%#*&%n#*, +#& #&, '*92' "#* +&$'* +2'-'n *'& '*4*, $'n&* 92' "#* *'62n-#*-'%'n 92'-& #&"'*, 3 '* -*n45n n# +&2'% n'4'*&$'n' "*2+'&-- -' "#* +&$'*, +2'* "#* +f'* )n /'n-# 42*-'" +'4-# -' I*&'"1?. P#& 4#n*62'n', " 2#&-- -' "#*

+f'* +/'n' -' 92' ':+"4n " T#&() # -'-24'n *2f&$45n -' 2n ':# -' " $*$ #, *'6Fn #*, -' 92'

+$2"6n " &'/'"45n -'" Sn. P#& '""#, "# 92' -4'n "#*+f'* '* $%n T#&() 3 "#* $#&* +#"'$7n 4#n& "#* 92'"#* -'*+&'4n 3 n# 4'+n *2* 'n*'n7*0 "#* +f'* 3 "#*)656&f#* *#n $%n T#&(11?.

En 42n# n*+&-, " E*4&2& '* " $(* " 2#&-- 'n '"J2-*$# 'n #-* *2* /'&*#n'*. C#$# *' /'&( " &&

1?Cf. &. anh X/l0 MAIMNIDES,!ore 3ebu5im >,;.1?8E:R >8,=@ Tn), ') 11.


45/63

;>> P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

" T#&() #&", *, 2n92' *' +&'*'n' 4#$# T#&() +&"'", 'nF"$ n*n4 /n-4 *2 2#&-- -' " E*4&2&111.

II INMUTABILIDAD

E" +&n4+# 6'n'&" -' " n$2%"-- -' " T#&() 'n4#n&5+%"'$* 'n *2 ':+&'*5n '*4&, 'n 42n# 92' 4)#4 4#n "n'4'*-- -' 42"7& "* n#&$*, -' f#&$ 92' *'n /("-* +&* 6'n'&4#n'*, 92' //n 'n 2n *245n -f'&'n' " -' "#*

+&$'* -'*n*. L 4#n4'n4 J2- +'&4%5 -'*-' '"+&$'& $#$'n# '" +%"'$ 3 "# *#"24#n5 4#n "* relecturas -'" T#&() +& -+&" "* n2'/* *24#n'*. C2n-# *5"#':* " &-45n f2n-n' 'n '*-# #&", "* -+4#n'* n#4&'%n $3#&'* +%"'$*@ 'n 4$%#, 42n-# +&'4' 2n ':#'*4 3 *6&-#, *' &'*+' 3 *' 4#n*-'& n$2%"', +', +&92' *6 *&/'n-# " /-, *' "' 4#$+ -' -+4#n'* 'n'&+&'4#n'* -' -/'&*# +#0 n'&+&'4#n'* #&"'*


46/63

D.$$. Sa&rada 'scritura ;>

L T#&() '* '" 924# -' " /- &'"6#*, 4#"2$n -'" +2'%"#J2-#, +' n# #-#* " n'&+&'n -' 62" f#&$. XE* "'6$ '*-/'&*-- -' #+n#n'*Y XC5$# 4%& 4#n '"" -' f#&$-'42-Y H3 92'n'* #+nn 92' '* 42'*5n 92'-&( 'n*2*+'n*# )* " /'n- -' E"*, 92' $nf'*&( *+'4#* #42"#*

-' " &'/'"45n, 32-n-# * &'*#"/'& "#* +%"'$*@ 'n 1 M4;,;1;=@ 1;,>; *' -4' 92', 42n-# +&'74 2n +f',&'*#"/'&( '" +%"'$@ 'n 2$&(n *' '*+'& el pro-eta =@ I,1?, 92' &'"7&( '* "%#&@ #* '*+'&n 92' "# )6 '"M'** .

En 6'n'&", " n'&+&'45n *' +#3 'n " 2#&-- -'"&%n# 92' " )4', +' )3 *'4#&'* 92' #f&'4'n 2n n'&

+&'45n re+elada, 4#$# " 4#$2n-- -' 2$&(n 92', 4#$#+&'4' 'n *2* peserim, &'/n-4 " n'&+&'45n 4#&&'4 3-'fn/ -' " L'3 3 -' "#* Pf'*, /("- +& '" fn" -' "#*'$+#*. Af&$n 92' D#* ) &'/'"-# "!aestro de justicia '"*6nf4-# /'&--', n'* *'4&'#, -' "* +"%&* -' "#*

+f'*. En " $*$ "n' *' *F " &-45n 4&*n, 92'f&$ 92' '*F* ) /'n-# +& cumplir la Ley y los Pro-etas 3 n#

+& %&"#*


47/63

;>; P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

':*'n'*. Todo debe ser interpretado desde este mundo,racionalmente. S' 42'n 92', '*n-# -*42'n-# E"'7'& %'nH3&9n#* 4#n !')#*F %'n nn3), 2n /#7 -/n bat qol%/n# -'" 4'"# -n-# " &75n " +&$', +' !')#*F " &'4)75,

+#&92' " T#&() n# '*( 'n '" 4'"# 3 +2'-' *'&

n'&+&'- +#& "#* )#$%&'* *n 32- *#%&'n2&"11>

.D' 92 '"+&n4+# -' 92' n# *' +'&$' n 2n +f', 92'n +#& &'6"6'n'&" )3 92' '*424)&11, nn#/& n-, 2n92' * +2'-'*2*+'n-'& '$+#&"$'n' 2n "'311;D' 42'&-# 4#n '*' +2n# -'/*, *' f#&$2"5 " &'6"0 'stos son mis mandamientos... E*#$+"4 92', 'n -'"n', nn6Fn +f' '*( 2#&7-# +$2"6& n2'/* &'6"*11.E*' +2n# -' /* +&'-#$n 'n&' "#*$#&*0 "* 42'*#n'* -' )"( n# -'+'n-'n -' 2n +f' 92'+#& n#/'--'*, +2'* 'n '*' 4$+# 'n' " $*$ 2#&--92' 42"92'& #@ n4"2*# 'n '" 4*# -' 92' E"* /n'*' 3#$*' -'4*#n'* 4#n&&* 2n 4#*2$%&' '*%"'4-, n# *' "''*424)&11=. D' 2n f#&$ 6'n'&" D#* ) +$'-# 92' n#'n/&( n2n4 2n +f' +& -&, %& # $#-f4& 2n$n-$'n# -' " T#&(). T$+#4# D#* 4#n4'-'&( 2n /*5n

+f4 +& n'&+&'& 2n "'3 -' f#&$ -f'&'n' "'*%"'4- +#& " &-45n # +& -'4-& 2n +%"'$ 'n " "'3 -'" T#&(). En 4#n*'42'n4, #-# +f' 92' +&''n- )4'&"#,-'%' *'& 4#n*-'&-# 4#$# 2n f"*# +f' 3 *'& J276-# 'n4#n*'42'n411.

11>BM %@ T'$ 1=@ E& @ P'* 11;@ H2" ;;@ !'% 1;@ DR 8,=.11Cf. D 18,1, *'$+&' 92' *' 2n /'&--' +f' 92' )%"' 'n n#$%&' -'D#* 3 n# -' *2 ++# J24#. E" 92' *' #+#n' 2n /'&--' +f', *' 92' )%"''n n#$%&' -' D#*, *' 92' - 2n #&-'n +#3- 'n *2 ++# J24#, '* -6n# -'

$2'&' @ AZ =.11A APLAN, #.4, 1>, 92' 4 Sn) ?@ T#*Sn) 1;,;. M(* -'"n' 4#$'n 'nn.8>0 E" f2n--#& -'" 4&*n*$# ) n'n-# %#"& $n-$'n#*f2n-$'n"'* 4#$# '" *(%-#, "* "'3'* "$'n4*, '" -/#&4# 3 #* n2$'*#*$n-$'n#* -' " T#&(). [* '* " &75n +&n4+" +#& " 92' '" +2'%"# J2-# )&')2*-# 4'+&"' 4#$# +f' # 4#$# )#$%&' -' D#*, +'*& -' "#* $"6*92' ) &'"7-#. A ++5*# -' '** 'n/* +&'4*$'n' '*( '*4?ablarcontra la ley del "ltsimo y ahajar los santos del "ltsimo, intentando cambiar lasestaciones y la ley0 Dn ,>.


48/63


Sn '$%&6#, " n'&+&'45n, 4#$# *2*2# -' " &'/'"45n, n2n4 **f7# 3 *'$+&', "# "&6# -' " )*#& 3 +'*&-'" 4#n" -' "#* &%n#*, *' '*+'&%n &'/'"4#n'* +'&*#n"'* 'n$'-*, *' +#& $'-# -' *4'&-#'*, 'n "#* '$+#* -'"*'62n-# T'$+"#, 'n 42n# 92' +&'*%n *'&/4# 'n '" "26& -'

" +&'*'n4 -' D#*, *' +#& $'-# -' f62&* 4&*$(4*"%&'$'n' '"'6-* +#& D#*. E*# ':+"4 '" 92' +&'74n n/'"+#+2"& +f'* 3 f62&* 4&*$(4* # 2$F&64*,'*+'4"$'n' 'n *245n -' 4&**.

III. DESTINATARIOS

L B%" ) *-# #&6n"$'n' -- " +2'%"# J2-#


49/63

;>= P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

&'42'&-n *2f4'n'$'n' " J2-# "* #%&* -' D#* 3 "*#%"64#n'* 4#n&-*.

P#& *2 +&', " me/u/a # montante -' +2'&, '* 2n +'92'#""# -' +'&6$n#, -#n-' *' ) '*4 D =,; 1

E" J2-*$# n62#, '*+'4"$'n' '" )'"'n* 92' 4#n//4#n "#* 6'n"'*, *' +&'#42+5 -'" +%"'$ -' " *"/45n -' "#*

6'n"'* " "27 -'" $#n#'*$#0 D#* '* 4&'-#& -' #-#* "#*)#$%&'*, 92', +#& '""#, *#n 4&2&* -'" Fn4# D#*, 4&'-#& 3*"/-#&, 92' *' +&'#42+ -' '""#* 3 "'* #f&'4' " *"/45n. En'*' 4#n':# *' / f#&$n-# " -' -' "#* mandamientos de 3o,$'-# -'" 92' *' *&/' D#* +& 42-& -' "#* 6'n"'* 3 #f&'4'&"'*" *"/45n. E*(n &'4#6-#* 'n " B%" 3 "'* #%"6n #-#*'""#*.

En *2 '*-# 42" *' & -' 2n '"%#&45n -' "#* &%n#*-'" *." -.C. 3 $2'*& 2n 42- '42$n4 )4 "#* 6'n"'*, 392' 4'+ " *"/45n -' "#* 6'n"'* J2*#*, #$n-# +&' 'n '"M2n-# 22, *n n'4'*-- -' )4'&*' J2-#*, *'$+&' 92'4'+'n 2n %*' $n$, 92' D#* &'/'"5 A-(n >, "#* -#* +-&'* -' " )2$n--, %*' 92' *'4#n*-'& 4#$# -' -'&'4)# n2&". E" 92' "#* +&492' -'%' *'&

4#n*-'&-# +#&

1>?Cf. H2" >%.1>1T#*AZ 8,;@ Sn) =@ MAIMNIDES, Rad, !ela5him, 8,1?@ 1>,1?@ STEENS.SCHARZSCH"LDS0 BERMAN,3oachide La90 E 1>, 118111@ . MAIER, #.4,>1*.1>>Sn) %@ G'nR ;.


50/63


'" J2-# 4#$# 2n &erAtosab, 2n etranjeroAresidente ', n4"2*#,4#$# 2n *'$4#n/'&-#, -6n# -' *'& 32--# +#& " 4#$2n--

J2- 3 -'" $(* "# )#n#&`\. L#* &%n#* nn* -*42'n '"nF$' 3 " -'n-- -' '** "'3'*___, "#* $#&* 4#n*62'n 2n4#n*'n*#. G'n'&"$'n' *' ++#n'n *''0 n# +&44& "

-#"&, n# %"*f'$&, n# -'&&$& *n6&', n# 4#$''& +'4-#**':2"'*, n# %&, n# 4#$'& 2n n$" //#, '*%"'4'& 2n **'$"'6" 3 -$n*&& J2*4. L +)%45n -' -#"& *' &'f'&'

+&44& 4#* -' -#"& 3 n# n# %J2&& '5&4$'n' -'#* -#*'* 3 conocer al +erdadero ios2 $+#4# *' "' ':6' "6'n" $#&& n'* 92' +&44& " -#"&, 4#$# '*( #%"6-# '"

J2-#____, +' * n'* 92' -'&&$& *n6&' )2$n . D'*-' '" +2n#-' /* -' " %"*f'$, *'*n# 3 %#, "#* n#92-* 'n'n$(* &'*&44#n'* "'6"'* 92' "#* J2-#*, -'%-# 92' //'n 'n 2n4#n':# 'n 92' " *#4'-- '* $(* +"/' '*#* +'4-#* 3, +#&'""#, *#n n'4'*&* $(* -'f'n**. O&* n#&$* '*+'4f4n 3-'n #&* +)%4#n'*, 4#$# " %&2J'&, 4*&45n, $'74"-' *'$""* 3, +#*/$'n', *' $n- )4'& #%&* -' 4&--,

+&'& 3 )#n&& " T#&().

S' ) -*42-# * "#* $n-$'n#* n#92-* *#n 2nf#&$2"45n -' " "'3 n2&", -' " 92' -'&/ *2 #%"6#&'--, #*5"# *' )n -' 'n'n-'& 4#$# n#&$ -' 4#n-24, $n-- +#&D#*, +& "#* 6'n"'* 92' //'n 'n 4#n':# J2-#. P&'/"'4' "#*'62n-#0 "#* 6'n"'* '*(n #%"6-#* 4'+& '** "'3'*, n#n# +#& *2* ++#* /"#&'* n'&n#*, *n# +#&92' )n *-#&'/'"-* +#& D#*, +2'*, 4#$# -4' M$5n-'*, nn62n 4 '*

+2&$'n' n2&", *n# 92' ':6' 2n $&4# '#"564#.L#* J2-#*, -#n-' +2'-n, '*(n #%"6-#* $+#n'& "#*

6'n"'* " L'3 -' N#. C#n &'"45n "#* $2*2"$n'*, 42* -'*2 '*&4# $#n#'*$#, "#* 4#n*-'&n n#92-*@ &'*+'4# "#*4&*n#*, +&$' *' -*425 *2 *

EE AZ =;%@ MAIMNIDES, Rad, !ela5him, 8,1?.^^\ Cf. T#*AZ 8,=0 %'%'& *n6&' -' n$" //#, 4*&45n, %&2J'&, #-* "*

+&(44* $(64*. Sn) =% -' 4&27& n$"'* -' -f'&'n'* '*+'4'* ' nJ'&&(&%#"'* -' -f'&'n'* '*+'4'*. V2% ,>?* 4#n'n' 2n "* *2*n4"n'n'-f'&'n' -' "#* *'* $n-$'n#* --#* +#& N# *2* )J#*0 #%*'&/& " J2*4,42%&& " /'&6'n7 -' *2 4&n', %'n-'4& *2 C&'-#&, )#n&& *2* +-&'*, $& "

+&5J$#, 62&-&*' -' " f#&n445n, -' " $+2&'7 3 -' #- n92--._j^ Sn) ;@ . S)'%2 ;,>,_d_ P'* >%.


51/63

;>8 P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

245n, +', +&& -' " E-- M'-, $%n *' "'*&'4#n#4' " 4#n-45n -' n#92-*, +#&92' '" sittu- o asoAciacionismo, n#$%&' --# +#& "#* J2-#* " &n&*$#, n#'*( +)%-# "#* n# J2-#*.

L '*'n4 -' "Ley de 3o $2'*& 2n /'&--'& 'n

-'n4 '42$n4, 92' &'4#n#4' " /"-'7 -' #&* 42"2&*-*n* -' " ++ 3 f&$ '" 4#$Fn +&'n'*4# -' #-#*"#* +2'%"#* 4/"7-#*. N# '* '" *$%#"# -' " 2n-- 3+'&+'2-- -' " )2$n--. S' -*42' * '" F"$# '*-#-' " )2$n-- 4#$+&'n-' n# " J2-*$# 4#$# "#*n#92-*, 2n92' +&'-#$n '" +2n# -' /* -' 92' "#*n#92-* *#n *5"# '" +'nF"$# '*-#, +&'/# " 2n/'&*"745n -' #- " T#&(_\__.

H*5&4$'n' " L'3 -' N# ) -'J-# 2n )2'"" )*5&4. 27( *2%34' H4) 1,>? '" -'4&'# -'" ""$-#C#n4"# -' '&2*"n, 'n 92' *' -n n#&$* +& " 4#n//'n4 -' n4#*J2-'#4&*n#*, +' 4'&$'n' nf"235 'n '" -'*&""# -' "#* 4#n4'+#* -' "'3 n'&n4#n" 3-'&'4)# n2&" 'n "#* *6"#* :/ 3 :/ 3, 42"$'n', 4#n*

23' " %*' 4 4#$Fn 'n&' I*&'" 3 " )2$n--, 4#$#*#*'n'n "#* f"5*#f#* -' " I"2*&45n.

^_ . AZ >,1.


52/63

CAPTULOIII

T=;>?=;"L#$)

E" J2-*$# '* " &'"65n -' " -#%"' T#&(), " '*4& 3 "#&". L '*4& 'n *'n-# '*&4# 4#n'n' =1 +&'4'+#*, " #&"'* $24)# $(* $+". A$%* *#n -#* 4&* -' " $*$ &'"--," Fn4 T#&() -- +#& D#*.

I. TERMINOLOGA,NATURALEZA

En "#* E/n6'"#* ;. S' & -' 2n -'n#$n45n 92' +'-' -' "4#&&'n' f&*' 3 92' " fn" *' ) $+2'*#.

T#&() #&" n# *' &'f'&' 2n '*+'4' -' "'3 n2&", n# '*4&'n "%* +' n*4& 'n "#* 4#&7#n'*, *n# 2n "'3 --,

+#*/, n-'+'n-'n'$'n' -'" #&6'n )2$n# # -/n# -' *2*n#&$*. P& "5n '* 2n "'3 /("-, +#*/, +' n# '*4&, 92'/'n' +#& " &-45n -' "#* +-&'*1>. S' & -'" "-#n'&+&'/# 3 42"7n' -' " Fn4 T#&(),

1>Cf. A. APLAN, Prcis de pense jui+e, 1>1@ . MAIER, Bl (iudaismo delsecondo tempio, 1;?@ . NEUSNER, Scripture and Tradition in udaism 9ithspecial re-erence to the !ishnah, 'n . S. GREEN @ EPHRAIM E.URBACH, T)' S6'*, >8=1;.1>;S)% 1.1>e specialibus le&ibus ;, 1;. ?.


53/63

;? P.?. Ce y prais del judasmo

-- +& #-#* "#* '$+#*1>=.C#$# *' ) /*# &&%1>, " T#&()'*4& n# 4$%, ) *-# -- -' 2n /'7 +& *'$+&', +#& "#92' n'4'* 2n n'&+&'45n 42"7n' 92' " $n'n6 //.[* '* " &' -' " T#&() #&", &' +'&$n'n', +#& "# 92' *''n4#$'n- "#* $'** -' 4- 6'n'&45n '" n'&+&'& 3

42"7&0


54/63

D.$). Torh oral ;1

"%* '*4*, *' % n'n*f4n-# " 4/-- -'&(*4 +&42"7&"#*. 2'n +&'4'n-# *'n'n4* n#%"'*, 92' *'4#n*'&/%n 3 &n*$n 4#$# f&2# -' " *%-2& -' "#* +-&'*,-n-# #&6'n 2n &-45n #&" n#&$/, 2n '*+'4' -'

J2&*+&2-'n4 3 -'&'4)# 4#n*2'2-n. L +&45n -' '*' +#

-' &-45n '* 2n f'n5$'n# 2n/'&*", +#*/# -' +#& *, 'n42n# 92' ':*' " 'n-'n4 &'4#6'& " *%-2& +&(44 -' "#*n62#* 4#$# "27 92' 32-' fn& "* n2'/* *24#n'*. L$3#& +&' -' "#* 6&2+#* -'" J2-*$# +"2&" -'" *. I -.C.4'+n '* 4#&&'n', 4#n $4'* ++#*, "#* '*4&%* -'2$&(n 3 "#* 4&*n#* 4#n 2n n'&+&'45n -' +#'*4#"564#, "#* f&*'#* *n '* 4#nn#45n. L#* '*4&%*""$-#* +#& " "'&2& &%n4 +#*'& tannatas orepetidoresWtransmisores, '* -'4&, "#* 92' //'n -'*-' '" *. I.C. fn"'* -'" *. II -.C., 4#n&%23'n -' 2n $n'& '*+'4"" f#&"'4$'n# -' " 4#&&'n' 3 *'62&n *2 4#nn2-- 'n "+#4 &%n4. S' *2'"' -'4& 92' "#* *-24'#* *' #+2*'n "T#&() #&", -'f'n-'n-# *5"# " '*4&, +', &'"$'n', "# 92' *'#+2*'n n# f2' " n'4'*-- -' 2n n'&+&'45n #&"2#&/, *n# a la que hacan los laicosF -ariseos,+2'* '""#*$%n 'nn &-45n n'&+&'/ ++1>.En '" f#n-#, '&2n 42'*5n -' +&'*6# ' nf"2'n4 'n " *#4'--, 'n " 92''#* *' 4#n*-'&%n "#* "'6$#* )'&'-'* -' " f' -' I*&'" 3,

+#& '""#, "#* Fn4#* n&+&''* -' " E*4&2&. n"$'n', -'*+2*-' "#* 4#n'4$'n#* -'" ? -.C. 3 -' " -'*+&45n &'" -'"nf"2J# *-24'#, *' $+2*# " 4#&&'n' f&*' 3 *2 4#n4'+45n -'" T#&() #&". 2' '" J2-*$# &%n4# '" 92' f#&$2"5 3 6'n'&"75" 4#n4'+45n -' " -#%"' T#&(), # $'J#&, la Torh de las doscaras, " '*4& 3 " #&", 4#n4'+45n 92' *62' +"'n$'n'/6'n' 'n '" J2-*$# #-#:# 42".

E*' f2' '" #&6'n &'". P', " /'7, '" J2-*$# &%n4#4&'5 2n "'3'n- 4#$# $'-# -' ':+&'*& *2 4#n/445n -' 92' "T#&() #&" +'-' -' " &'/'"45n *n4 3 -'&/ *2 2#&---' '"", 3 92', 'n F"$ n*n4, '* f&2# -' " "&6 &-45n#&" 3 -'" sensus -idei -'" +2'%"# +& '" 92' *' 42"7n "*n#&$*0 /n42" " ':*'n4 -' " T#&() #&" " Sn 3 "4/-- -' E*-&* 4#n " G&n A*$%"' G. STEMBERGER,Carisei, 11=*.


55/63

;> P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

M#** &'4%5 " T#&() -'*-' '" Sn 3 " &n*$5 #*2, #*2 "#* n4n#*, "#* n4n#* "#* +f'*, "#* +f'* " &n*$'n "#*)#$%&'* -' " G&n A*$%"'1 ...V S$5n '" 2*#1; f2' 2n# -' "#*

+'&'n'4'n'* " &'*# -' " G&n A*$%"' ...V An6#n# -' S#4#1 "&'4%5 -' S$5n '" 2*#, !#* %'n !#'7'& -' S'&'- 3 !#* %'n !#Jn(n" &'4%'n -' " .,.V !')#*F %'n P'&J3) 3 N3 -' A&%'" "

&'4%'n -' '""#*1=

...V !')2-) %'n T%%3 3 S$5n %'n S'J " &'4%'n -' '""#*1_.,.V S'$3) 3 A%"3#n " &'4%'n -' '""#* ...V H""'"3 S$$3 " &'4%'n -' '""#*18...V 8? .C, # S$5n II, *2$#*4'&-#' )4 '" >?? .C.1Un# -' "#* F"$#* $'$%* -' '*' &%2n".1=/'n )4 '" 1>? .C.1En #&n# " 8? .C.18En&' '" ? .C. 3 '" 1? -.C.1T&-2445n 3 n#* -' C. -'" ""' ,1@ ,M'6 1,,@ R2R ;,, +' 'n nn6Fn 4*# *' +2'-' n-24& 2n "'3 *5"#+#3- 'n " +f'4


56/63

D.$). Torh oral ;

+#& $n-# -' " G&n A*$%"' . E* '* 2n 4&'45n &%n4, 4#n4'%- 4#$# 2n'*+'4' -' *n'-&n 4#$+2'*# -' 1>? )#$%&'*, +#+# -' "*4-'$* &%n4*, 92', *'6Fn '*#, *' &'$#n&n " +#4 -'E*-&*. A-'$(* -' E*-&*, f#&$%n +&' -' " G&n A*$%"',

'n&' #*, "#* +f'* -' " +#4 -'" *'62n-# T'$+"#, A6'#,Z4&*, M"92*, '* -'4&, "#* n#$%&'* 4#n 92' '&$n "&'/'"45n 4#n'n- 'n " B%" $%n '*(n 'n " G&nA*$%"', *'62&n-# 4#nn2--. L G&n A*$%"' *' 4#"#4* 'n '" $#$'n# 'n 92' *' 4'&& " &'/'"45n '*4&, $'n&*4#nnF // $'-n' " n'&+&'45n 42"7n' ++ -' "T#&() #&"1;. A*, +2'*, $'-n' '* &'+&'*'n45n *' 92'&'f&$& 92' )3 2n 4-'n nn'&&2$+-, 92' 6&n7 "4#nn2-- -' -'*&""# 'n&' " +#4 %%"4 3 " +#*%%"4, '*-'4&, " +#4 'n 92' *' '*4&%' " M*n(. L $*$ '&$n#"#60qibbelAmasar, recibirAtransmitir, 92' +&'4' 'n M. A% 1,1 3 'n#* ':#* -' M*n(, &n*"24' '* +&'#42+45n +#& "4#nn2--1;;.

D' '* f#&$, 4#n " "'3'n- -'" Sn, '" &%n*$# 92'&''n*'& 92' " &n*$*5n -' " T#&() n# 4#n**' $'&$'n' 'n" 'n&'6 -' 2n "%@ *' &'92'&' '" "% y su interpretacin, #4#n #&* +"%&*, '" "% en su tradicin1;.

1;>Cf. A. APLAN, O.C, 18*.1;Cf. P. STEANI, O.C, 8. E" J2-*$# -' " +#4 +&'&&%n4 ':6'&5 '" ++'")*5&4# -' E*-&*, &%23n-#"' " '*4&2& -' "#* >; "%* -' " B%" H'%&' 3#* ? $(*, #-#* '""#* '*4* " -4-# 3 'n :** . E" 4&*n*$# )'&'- '* f#&$ -' /'&. P#& '""# "B%" 4&*n &'4#6' '" AT 3 "# "'' " "27 -'" NT, '* -'4&, " "27 -' "n'&+&'45n 92' )4' '*F*. E* n'&+&'45n n# *5"# *' 4#n'n' 'n '" NT'*4 *n# $%n 'n " &-45n // -' " I6"'* 0 L B%" ^ *'4*^, '* -'4&, '" AT *2'"# 'n-'+'n-'n' " 4#$# "# '*2- )#3 " 4&4 $#-'&n 'n "@iblia ?ebraica, n#) ':*-# n2n4. C%' -'4& 92', n'* -' " f#&$45n -' "* &-4#n'* &%n4*3 4&*n*, ':*5 2n 4#"'445n -' '*4* *6&-#* -' " n62 &'"65n -'I*&'". Sn '$%&6#, '* 4#"'445n 4#$'n75 f#&$&*' " $*$# '$+# 92' *'n'6&% 'n 2n &-45n J2-, 92' -'*-' '" +&$'& n*n' " 4#$+5,*'"n-# "#* "$'* -' " 4#"'445n, '" ':# -' 4- "% 3 "#* 424'* -'n'&+&'45n -' "#* $*$#*.


57/63

;; P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

III. AUTORIDAD

E" )'4)# -' ""$& T#&() " &-45n #&" n#&$/ 3 '*(-4'n-# 92' *' "' 4#n4'-' " $*$ 2#&-- 92' " '*4&, -'" 92' n4' 3 423# *'&/4# '*(. L# $*$# 92' 4'+* 2n

4#n f', -'%'* 4'+& " #&, -4' H""'" 2n +*"#

1;=

.P& '"J2-*$# &%n4# " T#&() #&" 'n' 4&(4'& &'/'"-# 3n#&$/#, 4#$# " '*4&.

S#%&' " &'"45n -' 2#&-- 'n&' $%* 4#':*'n -#*4#&&'n'*, 2n *2%&3 " 62"-- ' n4"2*# " *2+'&-- -' "#&", #& &'4#n#4' -' )'4)# " +&$4 -' " '*4&.

L +&$'& 'nf7 " $+#&n4 -' " T#&() #&",+#nn-#" +#& 'n4$ -' " T#&() '*4&1;, 4#$# &'445n 4#n&"62n#* 92', +#3(n-#*' 'n +f'* -'" +*-# #4#n'$+#&(n'#*, 92'&n n-24& n#/'--'*. N# *5"# "#*

+f'* n# '*(n 2#&7-#* +& )4'& '*#, *n# 92' *2* $*$*+f'4* +/'n'n -'" Sn, " 62" 92' "* 'n*'n7* -' "#**%#* 92' )n +&'4-# 'n 4- 6'n'&45n1;8. L Fn4-f'&'n4 'n&' "#* 'n2n4-#* -' "#* +f'* 3 "#* -' "#* *%#*&%n#* '*( 'n 92' "#* +&$'* +2'-'n 4#n*'&/&*' +#& '*4,$'n&* 92' "#* *'62n-#* -'%'n 92'-& #&"'* 3 '* -*n45n n#

+&2'% n'4'*&$'n' " *2+'&-- -' "#* +&$'*, +2'* "#*+f'* )n /'n-# 42* -'" +'4-# -' I*&'"1;. L#*4#$'n* -' "#* *%#* 'n'n 2n 2#&-- '*+'4f4 3$'&'4'n, 'n " '*4" -' "#* /"#&'* &'"6#*#*, 2n "26& " $'n#*62" " -' " T#&() '*4&, 3 +& "62n#* *2+'&, 3 '*# +#&/&* &7#n'*, +&$', +#&92' *n L'3 #&" "62n#* ':#* -' "L'3 '*4& n# 'n'n *'n-#1?, -'*+2* +#&92' "# -4' " $*$E*4&2&11,fn"

1;=ARN A 1,1. 1.1;Cf. EPHRAIME. URBACH, O.C, ??SS.1;8Cf. E:R >8,=@ Tn), ' 11@ . P' >,=.1;#)R 1,.1? Cf. '" J24# -' S$5n %'n L9*0 H3 $24)#* /'&*#* 92' $'&'4'n *'&92'$-#* 3, *n '$%&6#, *#n +&'* '*'n4"'* -' " T#&(), '* -'4&, )3 /'&*#*92' +&'4'n *2+'&fn#* " "'42& 3 -n " $+&'*5n -' 92' n2n4 'nn 92')%'& *-# n4"2-#* 'n " T#&(), +' "#* *%#* *#n 4+4'* -' $#*&& 92' *#n'"'$'n#* '*'n4"'* 3 92' -' '""#* -'&/n 4#n4'+4#n'* $+#&n'*.11 Cf. T#*P' >,;0 H3 n#&$* 'n2n4-* #&"$'n' he pi% 3 )3 n#&$*

+"$-* +#& '*4 3 n# +#-'$#* -'4& 42("'* *#n $(* +&'4#**, +', +2'*#92' '*( '*4 ^D' 42'&-# 4#n '" 'n#& -' '** +"%&* al pi% 3# )6# "n74#n6# 3 4#n I*&'"^, -'%'$#* -'-24& 92' "* n#&$* #&"'* *#n "* $(*

+&'4-*.


58/63

D.$). Torh oral ;

$'n', 3 -' 2n $n'& '*+'4", +#&92' " T#&() #&" '* "-*n/ -'" J2-#, 3 92' " T#&() '*4& # B%" $%n "4#$+&'n "#* 6'n"'*1>.

L #& +#*2& '* $(* #%J'/ 3, /*# '" #&6'n &'" -'$%*, &'4#n#4' 92' " T#&() #&" n4' " *'&/4# -' " '*4&.

E*# +"n'5 '" +%"'$ -' " n'4'*-- # n# -' +&'*'n& "*n#&$* -' " T#&() #&" ':+"4$'n' 'n *2 4#n':5n 4#n "T#&() '*4&, '* -'4&, * '* n'4'* +& " /"-'7 -' 2n n#&$#&" -'4& -' 92 L'3 '*4& *' -'-24'. L Mkn) +&'4' #+&

+#& " +#*2& n'6/0 +2'*# 92' " T#&() #&" f2' -- M#**'n '" Sn " /'7 3 -' f#&$ +&"'" " T#&() '*4&, *' %*

+#& * $*$. S2 2#&-- -'+'n-' -' 92' transmite -ielmente "&-45n -- M#**


59/63

;= P.BB. Ce y prais del judasmo

*' 4' '" ':# %%"4#, "* 92' *#n 25n#$* *n -'+'n-'n4 -'"':# %%"4#, "* 92' 'n #&6'n f2'n n-'+'n-'n'* 3

+#*'&$'n' f2'n /n42"-* " B%". E* /&'-- +#-&'*& ':+"4- +#& " -/'&*-- -' f2'n'* 4&'-#&* -' )"(0 "4#*2$%&' n$'$#&" 92' 4&' +&'4'-'n'*, '" *n'-&n 3 "#*

&%2n"'* K92' 'nn 2#&-- n*24#n" n-*42-K, "#*'*4&%* 3 &%n#* 92' *5"# 'nn " "'6$-- -' *2 4'n4':'64. H3, +2'*, 2n f2'&' -'+'n-'n4 -' " B%". E*#':+"4 '" 92' "#* $-&*'* $(* n62#* 3 T#*'f )6n 2n'*f2'&7# ':+&'*# +#& $#*&& 92' '" 4#n'n-# -' " Mkn) *'-'&/ -' " E*4&2&. C&'# +#-'& -'4& 4#n #- *'62&--,'*4&%' M. P&'7, 92' " n'n45n %(*4 -' "#* $-&k$nn4#* '* 'n-'& 2n +2'n' 'n&' " Mkn) 3 " E*4&2&$#*&n-# 45$# " Mkn) # T#&() O&" n# '* $(* 92' " ':6'**-' " E*4&2&1.En " $*$ "n' '*(n "#* "$2-'*, -' "#*92' '*4&%' . N'2*n'&0 C2n-# 4n 2n $kn), *' +&'62nn *2f2'n' 3 42-'n " E*4&2&. E*# 4#n*23' n# *5"# 2n -'f'n*-'" /"#& -' " Mkn) *n# $%n 2n 4&4, +2'* 42n-# "#*&%n#* -'n " &'f'&'n4 " E*4&2&, -$'n 2n 4&'n4 '$+'&f'445n


60/63

D.$). Torh oral *)7

" 2#&-- %*#"2 -' *2* 4#$'n* 3 -'4*#n'*, "#* 92' '"$*$# D#* '*( #%"6-#18.

I. CONTENIDO

&2# -' " &'f"':5n -'&(*4 '* 2n %2n-n' "'&2& #&"-' 4#n'n-# )"(4# 3 )66(-4#.

LA RELIGIÓN JUDÍA_LA TORA

Documents

Transcript of LA RELIGIÓN JUDÍA_LA TORA