LA LATERALIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA FÓNICO21 FEB 2011 – DÍA 18Neurolingüística del español

SPAN 4270

Harry Howard

Tulane University

ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO

http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/SPAN4130-Neurospan/

El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia.

Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca.

Human Research Protection Program http://tulane.edu/asvpr/irb/index.cfm Before beginning research at Tulane University,

all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at www.citiprogram.org.

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REPASO¡La prueba es el repaso!

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TEORÍA DE ACCESO LÉXICO (LEVELT 2001)

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Codificación de

forma

SELECCIÓN LÉXICA

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⟦arma⟧⟦arma⟧

⟦animal⟧⟦animal⟧

animalpez

cabraespad

a

arco

flecha

arma

Nodos de conceptos léxicos

Nodos de lemas

CO

DIFIC

AC

IÓN

DE FO

RM

A

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<pez>

<es>

/p/ /e/ /s/ /e/ /s/

/pes/ /pe/ /ses/

[pe] [ses]

[C][V]

[C][V][C]

"peces"

LA LATERALIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA FÓNICOHOET §2.7-9

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UNA DISTINCIÓN

Características como la sonoridad, el lugar y la manera de articulación pertenecen a fonos = segméntales.

Características como el acento pertenecen a un grupo de fonos = suprasegméntales o prosódicas.

La prosodia es el conjunto de inflexiones melódicas que hace la voz durante la producción de la cadena fónica. tono, intensidad (volumen), cantidad (duración)

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KINDS OF LINGUISTIC PROSODY

Lexical and phrasal prosody, see next 2 slides

Sentence type and prosodic contour Contrastive (or emphatic or focal) stress Determining whether two sentences are

identical based on any of these stress patterns

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LEXICAL PROSODY (CAPS MARK STRESSED SYLLABLE)

Noun vs. verb in English (±15) CONvert vs. conVERT

Thai naa with a rising pitch tone means “thick” naa with a falling pitch tone means “face”

LHD (but not RHD) affects both of these rules

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PHRASAL PROSODY

Compound noun rule noun phrase: hot DOG (a dog that is hot) adjective+noun: HOTdog (a

frankfurter) noun+noun: SHEEPdog (a breed of dogs)

Stress retraction After eating FOURteen CAKES, he threw up. After eating fourTEEN, CAKES did not tempt him.

LHD (but not RHD) affects both of these rules

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CONTRASTIVE (OR EMPHATIC OR FOCAL) STRESS [CLAUSAL PROSODY]

Examples The horses were racing from the BARN. The HORSES were racing from the barn.

LHD (but not RHD) affects this

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SENTENCE TYPE AND PROSODIC CONTOUR

Types declarative: fall in pitch at end

I eat chocolate. interrogative: rise for yes-no question (a); fall for

interrogative pronoun (b) Do you eat chocolate? What do you eat?

imperative: even pitch throughout; rise in intensity at end Eat chocolate!

RHD (but not LHD) reduces accuracy and variation in pitch

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SUMMARY

lexical stressCONvert ~

conVERT tone languages

phrasal stressnoun compoundingstress retraction

clausal stresscontrastive stress

emotional prosody sentence type

declarative, interrogative, imperative

LH RH

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MORE RECENT RESEARCH: LATERALIZATION OF ACOUSTIC CUES OR PARAMETERS Cue or parameter models seek hemispheric

specialization in some component of the acoustic signal which either flags a semantic construct (a cue) or constitutes a broad physical measure (a parameter).

I know of five well-articulated positions that have been set forth as the defining cue or parameter of hemispheric specialization: the acoustic transitions that make up a given

phonological segment the duration of the transitions the frequency of the spectral information the frequency of information in general the size of temporal integration windows categorical vs. graded relations

Normal speech confounds these hopelessly, so it will be quite a challenge to tease out and evaluate the contribution of any single one.

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EL PRÓXIMO DÍALa lateralización del sistema fónico 2

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