UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE

MEDICINA DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGIA

ASPECTOS MICROBIOLOGICOS DE LAS MICOBACTERIAS

2013

INFECCIONES CAUSADAS POR MICOBACTERIAS DIFERENTES A LAS

DEL COMPLEJO M. tuberculosis

Leonardo Favio Jurado ZambranoMICOBAC- UN

2013

“MICOBACTERIAS NO TUBERCULOSAS”

• M. kansassi• M. intracellulare• M. avium• M. scrofulaceum• M. marinum

VIH / SIDA

Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 369–376

Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

Clin Infect Dis 1993;17:7– 20.

MNT DE RAPIDO CRECIMIENTOMycobacterium fortuitumMycobacterium abscessusMycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium mucogenicumMycobacterium inmunogenum

Mycobacterium peregrinumMycobacterium goodii

Mycobacterium smegmatisMycobacterium phlei

Mycobacterium flavencensMycobacterium peregrinum

Mycobacterium alvei (…)Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

Infect Dis Clin N Am 2002;16: 187–219

Mycobacterium fortuitumMycobacterium fortuitum da Costa Cruz 1938, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 6841 = CCUG 20994 = CIP 104534 = DSM 46621 = IFO (now NBRC) 13159 = JCM 6387 = NCTC 10394. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY457066. Synonyms: "Mycobacterium giae" Darzins 1950, "Mycobacterium minetti" Penso et al. 1952. Etymology: L. neut. adj. fortuitum, casual, accidental, fortuitous. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 [Da COSTA CRUZ (J.C.): Mycobacterium fortuitum um novo bacillo acidoresistance pathogenico para o homen. Acta Medica (Rio de Janeiro), 1938, 1, 297-301.]

Mycobacterium fortuitum• No cromógena• Muy ambiental ( suelo y agua para

consumo humano)• Generalmente produce infecciones

cutáneas, tejido celular subcutáneo, hueso, articulaciones. Infecciones asociadas a dispositivos.

J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:884–901

Mycobacterium abscessusMycobacterium abscessus (Moore and Frerichs 1953) Kusunoki and

Ezaki 1992, comb. nov. Type strain: strain Hauduroy L948 = TMC 1543 = ATCC 19977 = CCUG 20993 = CIP 104536 = DSM 44196 = JCM 13569 = NCTC 13031. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY457071. Basonym: Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus corrig. (Moore and Frerichs 1953) Kubica et al. 1972 (Approved Lists 1980). Other synonym: "Mycobacterium abscessus" Moore and Frerichs 1953. Etymology: L. gen. n. abscessus, of an abscess, referring to the ability of the organism to form abscesses. Reference: KUSUNOKI (S.) and EZAKI (T.): Proposal of Mycobacterium peregrinum sp. nov., nom. rev., and elevation of Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus (Kubica et al.) to species status: Mycobacterium abscessus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 240-245.

Mycobacterium abscessus• Descrita en 1992• No cromógena• Generalmente afecta hueso, piel y tejidos

blandos. • Se asocia a heridas (trauma, cirugía)• De las mas frecuentes causantes de

enfermedad pulmonar.

J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:884–901 Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 369–376

Caso M. abscessusChest radiograph of a 77-year-old female ex-smoker who presented with a chronic productive cough, intermittent hemoptysis, fatigue, and weight loss. Sputum smears were 4+ positive for acid-fast bacilli, and she grew M abscessus from many sputum specimens.

Tipo de presentación patológica de infección pulmonar por MNT

• TUBERCULOIDE / FIBROCAVITARIO

• BRONQUIECTASICO

• SARCOIDE

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 68 (2010) 228–235

TUBERCULOIDE

BRONQUIECTASICO

SARCOIDE

Mycobacterium chelonaeMycobacterium chelonae corrig. Bergey et al. 1923, species.

Type strain: strain CM 6388 = ATCC 35752 = CCUG 47445 = CIP 104535 = DSM 43804 = JCM 6388 = NCTC 946. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY457072. Etymology: Gr. n. khelone, a tortoise; N.L. gen. n. chelonae, of a tortoise. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 [BERGEY (D.H.), HARRISON (F.C.), BREED (R.S.), HAMMER (B.W.) and HUNTOON (F.M.) (eds): Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1923, pp. 1-442.]

Note: The original spelling, Mycobacterium chelonei (sic), has been corrected by Hill et al. 1984. Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Mycobacterium chelonae

• Descrito en 1923 en el manual Bergey• No cromógena• Primeros reportes clínicos en los años 70• Se ha aislado de fuentes naturales de agua,

sistemas de agua potable.• Comúnmente contamina material medico-

quirurgico y de laboratorio.• Infecciones oculares, procedimientos esteticos,

inyecciones con mala tecnica.J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:884–901

CASO M chelonaeChest radiograph of a 70-year-old nonsmoking Asian man who presented with cough, hemoptysis, and weight loss. He had been treated many years earlier for tuberculosis. His respiratory specimens were acid-fast bacilli smear negative, but he had repeatedly positive sputum cultures for M. chelonae.

Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 623–632

Mycobacterium mucogenicum

Mycobacterium mucogenicum Springer et al. 1995, sp. nov. Type strain: strain MO76 = ATCC 49650. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY457074. Etymology: L. n. mucus, mucus, Gr. v. gennaio, to produce; L. neut. suff. -icum, suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. neut. adj. mucogenicum, intended to mean producing mucus, referring to the highly mucoid character of most strains on solid agar. Reference: SPRINGER (B.), BÖTTGER (E.C.), KIRSCHNER (P.) and WALLACE Jr. (R.J.): Phylogeny of the Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism based on partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and proposal of Mycobacterium mucogenicum sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 262-267. Note: Mycobacterium mucogenicum Springer et al. 1995 was previously designated as Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism (MCLO) by Silcox et al. 1981. Reference: SILCOX (V.A.), GOOD (R.C.) and FLOYD (M.M.): Identification of clinically significant Mycobacterium fortuitum complex isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1981, 14, 686-691.

Mycobacterium mucogenicum

• El primer aislamiento se hizo de un caso de peritonitis asociada a dialisis.

• Springer lo describió como especie en 1995. • No cromógena• Se ha encontrado en fuentes de agua potable• Raro en humanos• Se asocia a infecciones de heridas por trauma• Tto: Amika, claritro, doxi, TMP- S. Resist a R e I.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

Mycobacterium immunogenumMycobacterium immunogenum Wilson et al. 2001, sp. nov.

Type strain: strain BH29 = MC 779 = ATCC 700505 = DSM 45595. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ812215. Etymology: N.L. neut. adj. immunogenum, eliciting an immune response. Reference: WILSON (R.W.), STEINGRUBE (V.A.), BÖTTGER (E.C.), SPRINGER (B.), BROWN-ELLIOTT (B.A.), VINCENT (V.), JOST Jr. (K.C.), ZHANG (Y.), GARCIA (M.J.), CHIU (S.H.), ONYI (G.O.), ROSSMOORE (H.), NASH (D.R.) and WALLACE Jr. (R.J.):Mycobacterium immunogenum sp. nov., a novel species related to Mycobacterium abscessus and associated with clinical disease, pseudo-outbreaks and contaminated metalworking fluids: an international cooperative study on mycobacterial taxonomy. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2001, 51, 1751-1764.

Mycobacterium immunogenum

• Recientemente descrito• Infecciones asociadas a dispositivos• Frecuentemente casusa infecciones de

piel• Tto: amika, claritro.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

Mycobacterium peregrinumMycobacterium peregrinum (ex Bojalil et al. 1962) Kusunoki

and Ezaki 1992, sp. nov., nom. rev. Type strain: strain ATCC 14467 = CCUG 27976 = CIP 105382 = DSM 43271 = JCM 12142 = NCTC 10264. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY457069. Synonym: "Mycobacterium peregrinum" Bojalil et al. 1962. Etymology: L. neut. adj. peregrinum, strange, foreign. Reference: KUSUNOKI (S.) and EZAKI (T.): Proposal of Mycobacterium peregrinum sp. nov., nom. rev., and elevationof Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus (Kubica et al.) to species status: Mycobacterium abscessus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 240-245

Mycobacterium peregrinum• Propuesta como nueva especie en

1962- 1992• No cromógena• En el hombre causa enfermedad

localizada• Compromete pulmón, hueso y piel• Tto: minociclina por 28 semanas Case Rep Dermatol 2012; 4: 76 – 79.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

Mycobacterium smegmatisMycobacterium smegmatis (Trevisan 1889) Lehmann and Neumann 1899, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 19420 = CCUG 21002 = CCUG 21815 = CIP 104444 = DSM 43756 = JCM 5866 = JCM 6386 = NCTC 8159 = NRRL B-14616 = VKM Ac-1239. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ131761. Synonyms: "Bacillus smegmatis" Trevisan 1889, "Bacterium smegmatis" (Trevisan 1889) Migula 1900, "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis smegmatis" Bustinza 1951. Etymology: L. n. smegma -atis, an unguent (for making the skin smooth), a detergent, a cleansing medicine, and in biology the sebaceous humor; L. gen. n. smegmatis, of smegma. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 [1TREVISAN (V.): I. Generi e le Specie delle Batteriacee, Zanaboni and Gabuzzi, Milano, 1889. 2 LEHMANN (K.B.) and NEUMANN (R.): Lehmann's Medizin, Handatlanter X. Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik. 2 Aulf., JF. Lehmann, München, 1899, pp. 1-497.]

Mycobacterium smegmatis

• Descrito por Lustgarten en 1885• Se encuentra en suelo y agua• Infecciones de tejidos blandos y hueso• Infecciones de sitio operatorio,

procedimientos estéticos, dispositivos médicos.

• Tto: doxi, amika. No anti TB.

Nat rev micro. nov 2012