Impacto del Cambio Global sobre los Recursos Hidricos

7/31/2019 Impacto del Cambio Global sobre los Recursos Hidricos

1/24


2/24

VJHOD MA BMLVDLVR

VND BMLVD^V]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] :

TLDRBMR KLVDX@MQDXLCDLVJO RBKDLVKAKBWXM@XJCCD KL N[FXMOM@[ JLF PJVDX XDRMTXBDR]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]8

ID[ @OMHJO BNJL@D FXKQDXR]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] 2

PJVDX FDWDLFDLBKDR5 R[RVDCR TLFDX RVXDRR JLFRMBKDVJO XDRWMLRDR]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] 4

VND KCWJBV MA BOKCJVD BNJL@D ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR]]]]]]]]]]]]]1

D~vxdcdr5 Aommfr jlf fxmt`nvr , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 0Jxkf jlf rdck#jxkf dlqkxmlcdlvr , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , >Bmof dlqkxmlcdlvr5 Rlmp/ `ojbkdxr jlf wdxcjaxmrv , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;Pjvdx ztjokv{ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , :7Dxmrkml jlf rdfkcdlvjvkml , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ::Txhjl rdvvodcdlvr , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , :8

Hkmfkqdxrkv{, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , :2

@xmtlfpjvdx , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , :2

VND KCWJBV MA OJLF TRD BNJL@D JLF WMWTOJVKML@XMPVN ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] :4

VND KCWJBV MA RMBKM WMOKVKBJO F[LJCKBRML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] :1

VND PJ[ AMXPJXF]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] :0

NMP PD PMXI]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] :>

JBXML[CR]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] 87

Vnkr hxmbntxd wxmqkfdr jl mqdxqkdp m vnd okido{ dadbvr m `omhjo bnjl`d .wmwtojvkml `xmpvn/ bokcjvd bnjl`d/

txhjlkujvkml/ d~wjlrkml m klxjrvxtbvtxd/ ck`xjvkml/ ojlf bmlqdxrkml jlf wmootvkml+ ml pjvdx xdrmtxbdr jlf vnd

Klvdxljvkmljo N{fxmom { Wxm`xjccdr xdrwmlrd vm vndrd bnjoodl`dr, Kv xddbvr klmxcjvkml jhmtv vnd pjvdx#xdojvdf

kcwjbvr m bokcjvd bnjl`d jr fmbtcdlvdf kl xdwmxvr m vnd Klvdx`mqdxlcdlvjo Wjldo ml Bokcjvd Bnjl`d .KWBB+/ vnd

cmrv bmcwxdndlrkqd rbkdlvkb jrrdrrcdlv m vnkr krrtd vm fjvd,

RB-N[F-87::-WK-N-:


3/24

KLVDXLJVKMLJO N[FXMOM@KBJO WXM@XJCCD Y:

VND BMLVD^V

Hd{mlf pjvdxr atlbvkmlr kl vnd n{fxmom`kbjo b{bod/ kv

njr rmbkjo/ dbmlmckb jlf dlqkxmlcdlvjo qjotdr/ jlf kr

drrdlvkjo amx rtrvjkljhod fdqdomwcdlv,

Tlwxdbdfdlvdf wmwtojvkml `xmpvn/ j bnjl`kl` bokcjvd/

xjwkf txhjlkujvkml/ d~wjlrkml ma klaxjrvxtbvtxd/

ck`xjvkml/ ojlf bmlqdxrkml jlf wmootvkml vxjlrojvdklvm bnjl`dr kl vnd t~dr/ wjvnpj{r jlf rvmxdr ma

pjvdx axmc xjwkfo{ cdovkl` òjbkdxr vm vnd fdbokld ma

`xmtlfpjvdx ftd vm mqdxd~womkvjvkml,

Wmwtojvkml fdlrkv{ jlf wdx bjwkvj xdrmtxbd trd njqd

klbxdjrdf fxjcjvkbjoo{ mqdx vnd wjrv bdlvtx{/ jlf

pjvdxrndfr/ jztkadxr jlf vnd jrrmbkjvdf dbmr{rvdcr

njqd tlfdx`mld rk`lkbjlv cmfkbjvkmlr vnjv jaadbv

vnd qkvjokv{/ ztjokv{ jlf jqjkojhkokv{ ma vnd xdrmtxbd,

Btxxdlv Tlkvdf Ljvkmlr wxdfkbvkmlr drvkcjvd vnjv vnd

pmxof wmwtojvkml pkoo xdjbn ; hkookml wdmwod kl 8747,

Vnkr d~wmldlvkjo `xmpvn kl wmwtojvkml j cjemx fxkqdx

ma dldx`{ bmlrtcwvkml jlf jlvnxmwm`dlkb bokcjvd

bnjl`d kr jorm vnd id{ fxkqdx hdnklf n{fxmom`kb

bnjl`d jlf kvr kcwjbvr,

Xjwkf txhjl `xmpvn rvxjklr vnd bjwjbkv{ ma `mqdxlcdlvr

vm wxmqkfd hjrkb rdxqkbdr rtbn jr pjvdx jlf rdpdxj`d,

Cmxd vnjl njoa ma vnd pmxofr wmwtojvkml btxxdlvo{ okqdr

kl bkvkdr9 txhjl fpdoodxr pkoo jbbmtlv amx 07 wdxbdlv ma

ntcjlkv{ kl 8747,

Jxkf jlf rdck#jxkf jxdjr ajbd vnd `xdjvdrv wxdrrtxd

vm fdokqdx jlf cjlj`d axdrnpjvdx xdrmtxbdr òmhjoo{,

H{ vnd ckf#:;;7r/ rmcd 67 wdxbdlv ma vnd pmxofr

wmwtojvkml pdxd rtaadxkl` pjvdx rnmxvj`dr, Kl odrr

vnjl 84 {djxr/ vpm#vnkxfr ma vnd pmxofr wmwtojvkml pkoo

hd okqkl` kl pjvdx#rvxdrrdf bmtlvxkdr,

Cmxd vnjl njoa ma vnd pmxofr wmwtojvkml xdokdr ml vnd

axdrnpjvdx vnjv jbbtctojvdr kl cmtlvjklmtr xd`kmlr,

Vndrd jxdjr jxd tlfdx wxdrrtxd axmc fdamxdrvjvkml/

j`xkbtovtxd jlf vmtxkrc/ joo ma pnkbn jxd wojbkl`

tlrtrvjkljhod fdcjlfr ml pjvdx,

Vnd ztjokv{ jlf ztjlvkv{ ma axdrnpjvdx axmc xkqdxr/

ojidr/ `xmtlfpjvdx/ rmko cmkrvtxd/ jlf kbd kr tlfdx

rvxdrr jxmtlf vnd pmxof, Pjvdx wmootvkml kr j rdxkmtr

òmhjo wxmhodc pnkbn kcwjbvr vnd ndjovn ma axdrnpjvdx

r{rvdcr jlf vnd wdmwod pnm xdo{ ml vndc amx pjvdx,

Cjl{ cjemx xkqdxr lm oml`dx bmlrkrvdlvo{ cjid kv vm

vnd mbdjl9 ntlfxdfr ma cdvdxr ma fdbokld kl amrrko

`xmtlfpjvdx rmtxbdr jxd lmp dlfdckb kl rmcd ma vnd

ojx`drv jlf cmrv wxmftbvkqd jztkadxr kl vnd pmxof9 jlf

wmootvkml njr fxjcjvkbjoo{ kcwjbvdf vnd jztjvkb njhkvjv

kl cjl{ ma vnd pmxofr wxkudf pjvdx hmfkdr,

PJVDX KR LDBDRRJX[ AMX OKAD, KV KR VND ID[ XDRMTXBD AMX NTCJL

NDJOVN/ WXMRWDXKV[ JLF RDBTXKV[,


4/24

VND KCWJBV MA @OMHJO BNJL@D ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR5 VND XDRWM LRD MA TLDR BMR KLVDXL JVKMLJO N[FXMOM@[ W XM@XJCCD8S

Vndrd ombjo jlf xd`kmljo bnjl`dr/ bmtwodf pkvn

òmhjo bokcjvd bnjl`d/ wmrd j cmcdlvmtr bnjoodl`d

vm ntcjlkv{ jlf dbmr{rvdcr, Bmlrkfdxkl` vnd lkvd

ljvtxd ma pjvdx/ kvr fdvdxkmxjvkl` ztjokv{ jlf mtx

klbxdjrkl` fdcjlf amx kv/ vnd lddf vm wxmvdbv jlf

cjlj`d axdrnpjvdx xdrmtxbdr kr bxtbkjo,

Rklbd vndrd bnjl`dr jxd j òmhjo wxmhodc/ j xdrwmlrd

vm kvr kcwjbvr ctrv jorm hd klvdxljvkmljo, Lm rklòdklrvkvtvkml mx bmtlvx{ bjl ajbd vndrd bnjoodl`dr jomld/

htv TLDRBM wxmqkfdr j tlkztd bxmrr#fkrbkwokljx{

amxtc amx jffxdrrkl` vndrd krrtdr, Kv bjl amrvdx vnd

ldbdrrjx{ klvdxljvkmljo bmmwdxjvkml vm hxkl` joo woj{dxr

vm`dvndx/ pndvndx vnd{ jxd mqdxlcdlvr/ xdrdjxbn

klrvkvtvkmlr/ tlkqdxrkvkdr/ TL j`dlbkdr/ L@Mr/ jlf

ljvkmljo mx klvdxljvkmljo mx`jlkujvkmlr,

Vnd ckrrkml ma vnd Klvdxljvkmljo N{fxmom`kbjo

Wxm`xjccd .KNW+ kr vm rvxdl`vndl vnd rbkdlvkb

tlfdxrvjlfkl` ma vndrd kcwjbvr ml pjvdx r{rvdcr jlf

vm okli rbkdlvkb bmlbotrkmlr vm wmokbkdr amx wxmcmvkl`

rtrvjkljhod cjlj`dcdlv ma pjvdx xdrmtxbdr,

TLDRBMR KLVDX@MQDXLCDLVJORBKDLVKAKB WXM@XJCCD KL

N[FXMOM@[ JLF PJVDX XDRMTXBDR

FJVJ JQJKOJHKOKV[ JLF RNJXKL@

Kcwxmqkl` hmvn fjvj rmtxbdr jr pdoo jr jbbdrr vm vndc

kr bxkvkbjo amx vnd jrrdrrcdlv/ wxdfkbvkml jlf jfjwvjvkml

ma òmhjo bnjl`d, Hdlbncjxi n{fxm#cdvdmxmom`kbjo

fjvj rdvr lddf vm hd cjfd jqjkojhod amx joo jrwdbvr

ma bnjl`d wxdfkbvkml/ jrrdrrcdlv jlf cmfdookl`, [dvfjvj jxd rwjxrd kl vnd fdqdomwkl` pmxof jlf òmhjo

n{fxm#`dmom`kbjo fjvj rdvr vm rtwwmxv jrrdrrcdlv jlf

wxdfkbvkml ma bnjl`d kl `xmtlfpjvdx r{rvdcr jxd qkxvtjoo{

lml#d~krvdlv, Dqdl pndxd rtbn fjvj njqd hddl bmoodbvdf/

vnd{ jxd xjxdo{ rnjxdf jbxmrr cklkrvxkdr mx klrvkvtvkmlr,

Rdqdxjo KNW wxm`xjcr jlf vndkx wjxvldxr joxdjf{ pmxi ml

qjxkmtr jrwdbvr ma fjvj bmoodbvkml, Vndrd daamxvr bmtof

hd atxvndx odqdxj`df vm klkvkjvd j bmmxfkljvdf jwwxmjbn

vm jrrdrr jlf wxdfkbv n{fxmom`kb bnjl`d ombjoo{/

xd`kmljoo{/ ljvkmljoo{ jlf omhjoo{ jr wjxv ma jl klkvkjvkqd

vm jfjwvkqdo{ cjlj`d n{fxmom`kb xkri jlf ckvk`jvd vnddcdx`kl` òmhjo pjvdx bxkrkr,

@omhjo ctovkfkrbwkokljx{ fjvj rdvr vnjv jxd rtabkdlvo{

xdldf jlf oml` dlmt`n vm joomp r{rvdcjvkb bnjl`d

jljo{rkr jlf kvr jvvxkhtvkml jxd lddfdf, Vnd{ cj{ lmv d~krv

kl cjl{ wojbdr/ jlf jovdxljvd pj{r vm wxdfkbv jlf jrrdrr

bnjl`dr hjrdf ml bojrrkbjvkml jlf v{wmom`{ fdqdomwcdlv

cj{ hd lddfdf, Ldp cmlkvmxkl` ldvpmxir vnjv bjl jkf vnkr

bojrrkbjvkml wxmbdrr jlf bmlrvxjkl wxdfkbvkmlr jlf djxo{

pjxlkl` ma bnjl`d pmtof jorm hd trdato,


5/24

KLVDXLJVKMLJO N[FXMOM@KBJO WXM@XJCCD Y2

Pjvdx xdrmtxbdr jxd rk`lkbjlvo{ jaadbvdf h{ `omhjo

bnjl`d, Vndxd jxd adp jxdjr ma vnd pmxof pndxd xkqdx

hjrklr jlf jztkadx r{rvdcr jxd lmv kcwjbvdf h{ vnd

ltcdxmtr mvndx fxkqdxr xdojvdf vm ntcjl jbvkqkv{,

Kcwmxvjlv klbxdjrdr kl txhjlkujvkml jxd cmfka{kl`

jxdjr ldjx xkqdx bmtxrdr jlf omp o{kl` bmjrvjo jxdjr,Rdqdlv{ wdxbdlv ma pjvdx kr btxxdlvo{ pkvnfxjpl

amx j`xkbtovtxjo trd, Klvdlrkbjvkml ma j`xkbtovtxd kr

bmlvxkhtvkl` vm fdamxdrvjvkml jlf fdrdxvkbjvkml,

Klbxdjrdf pjvdx trd jrrmbkjvdf pkvn j`xkbtovtxd

jlf txhjlkujvkml kr odjfkl` vm bnjl`dr kl rvmxj`d

klaxjrvxtbvtxd/ nk`n xjvdr ma `xmtlfpjvdx trd/ jlf ldp

bmlqd{jlbd ldvpmxir, Bmoodbvkqdo{ vndrd bnjl`dr odjf

vm btctojvkqd daadbvr ml pjvdx ztjokv{,

Bokcjvd bnjl`d klbxdjrdr vnd tlbdxvjklv{ jrrmbkjvdf

pkvn vnd atvtxd jqjkojhkokv{ jlf qjxkjhkokv{ ma axdrnpjvdx

xdrmtxbdr/ jlf cj{ dqdl odjf vm wdxcjldlvfdrdxvkbjvkml ma bdxvjkl xd`kmlr ma vnd pmxof, Vnd

kcwjbvr ma mmfr jlf fxmt`nvr kl cjl{ jxdjr pkoo

njqd vm hd cjlj`df cmxd axdztdlvo{ vnjl kl vnd 87vn

bdlvtx{, Vndrd jxd d~jbdxhjvkl` ajbvmxr ml vmw ma vnd

fkxdbv ntcjl#klftbdf bnjl`dr kl vnd ombjo vdxxdrvxkjo

n{fxmom`kb b{bod vnjv jxd atxvndx vxjlrojvdf klvm ojx`d

btctojvkqd daadbvr jr mld cmqdr axmc pjvdxrndfr

vm xkqdx hjrklr/ jlf jr mld ommir jv vnd bnxmlkb jlf

wxm`xdrrkqd fdwodvkml jlf wmootvkml ma rtxajbd jlf`xmtlfpjvdx xdrdxqmkxr,

Bokcjvd d~k`dlbkdr rtbn jr fxmt`nv bjl odjf vm

klbxdjrdf `xmtlfpjvdx wtcwkl` mx klqdrvcdlv kl ldp

rtxajbd rvmxj`d/ pnkbn njqd oml`#vdxc n{fxmom`kb

daadbvr, Klbxdjrdf tlbdxvjklv{ pkvn xd`jxfr vm bokcjvkb

mtvbmcdr jlf ndlbd vm vnd xdldpjhod axdrnpjvdx

rtwwo{ bjl bnjl`d vnd klqdrvcdlv jlf trd fkxdbvkmlr

kl xd`kmljo pjvdx xdrmtxbdr, Klbxdjrdf mmf

cj`lkvtfd jlf axdztdlb{ bjl vxjlrojvd klvm bnjl`dr

kl rdfkcdlv t~dr jlf vnd cmhkokv{ ma hkmom`kbjo jlf

bndckbjo wmootvjlvr/ jr pdoo jr kl klqdrvcdlv kl mmfbmlvxmo pmxir pnkbn/ kl vtxl/ kcwjbv atvtxd rdfkcdlv

jlf pjvdx xdrkfdlbd vkcdr,

ID[ @OMHJO BNJL@D FXKQDXR

@OMHJO BNJL@D KLQMOQDR CMXD VNJL BOKCJVD BNJL@D, VND CJEMX FXKQDXR MA @OMHJO

BNJL@D JXD WMWTOJVKML @XMPVN/ BOKCJVD BNJL@D/ TXHJLKUJVKML/ D^WJLRKML MAKLAXJRVXTBVTXD/ CK@XJVKML/ OJLF BMLQDXRKML JLF WMOOTVKML,


6/24


Vndxd kr j lddf vm odjxl cmxd jhmtv vndrd òmhjo

fxkqdxr ma pjvdx trd kl bmletlbvkml pkvn ombjo pjvdx

jqjkojhkokv{, J`xkbtovtxd kr j fmckljlv òmhjo pjvdx

bmlrtcdx jlf qkxvtjo pjvdx vxjlrjbvkmlr vnxmt`n vnd

òmhjo j`xkbtovtxjo vxjfd jxd lmp j rk`lkbjlv wjxv

ma vnkr pjvdx htf`dv, Vnd wmokb{ jlf vnd wn{rkbjo

fkcdlrkmlr ma vnkr bmcwmldlv ma vnd pjvdx htf`dv jlf

kvr klvdxjbvkml pkvn ombjo jlf xd`kmljo pjvdx jqjkojhkokv{

lddf vm hd hdvvdx tlfdxrvmmf, Dldx`{ jqjkojhkokv{ jlf

trd amx pjvdx wxmftbvkml/ jr pdoo jr pjvdx bmlrvxjklvr

ml dldx`{ wxmftbvkml dlvdx vnd pjvdx jbbdrr jlf

jqjkojhkokv{ dztjvkml jr fdvdxckldf h{ ombjo dldx`{ jlf

pjvdx rthrkf{ wmokbkdr,

Pd jorm lddf vm hdvvdx tlfdxrvjlf jlf atxvndx fdqdomw

vnd qtoldxjhkokv{/ xdrkokdlbd jlf jfjwvjhkokv{ ma fkaadxdlv

pjvdx cjlj`dcdlv klrvkvtvkmlr jlf rvxtbvtxdr kl

rvkctojvkl` jlf fdjokl` pkvn j bnjl`kl` dlqkxmlcdlv,

Pjvdx xdrmtxbdr klaxjrvxtbvtxd fdqdomwcdlv jlf

cjlj`dcdlv njr nkrvmxkbjoo{ xdztkxdf rk`lkbjlv

wthokb atlfkl` h{ ljvkmljo jlf klvdxljvkmljo j`dlvr,

Cmxd xdrdjxbn ml vnd klvdxjbvkml hdvpddl ombjo jlf

òmhjo jbvmxr kl fdvdxcklkl` vnd atvtxd qtoldxjhkokv{

jlf xdrkokdlbd ma vndrd r{rvdcr jlf vndkx ombjo

cjlj`dcdlv vm jfjwv vm bnjl`kl` bmlfkvkmlr kr

ldbdrrjx{,

Cjl{ xd`kmlr joxdjf{ ajbd bxkrdr xdojvdf vm vnd

btctojvkqd daadbvr ma òmhjo bnjl`d fxkqdxr/ drwdbkjoo{

ml pjvdx xdrmtxbdr, Vnd bmlrdztdlbd ma vndrd daadbvr

kr jztkadx fdwodvkml jlf pjvdx wmootvkml/ klbxdjrdf

pjvdx rvxdrr jlf kcwjbvr ma bokcjvd d~vxdcdr/ ammf

rdbtxkv{/ jbbdrr vm rjad fxklikl` pjvdx/ jr pdoo jrrmbkm#dbmlmckb jlf dbmom`kbjo qtoldxjhkokv{, [dv

bnjl`d fdvdbvkml jlf jvvxkhtvkml jxd fkabtov ftd

vm vnd jhrdlbd ma jbbdrrkhod fjvj ml vnd bjtrjvkqd

ajbvmxr jlf mtvbmcdr,

Amxcjo xkri jrrdrrcdlv jlf rbdljxkm jljo{rkr

wxmbdftxdr bjl ndow tr kfdlvka{ vnd qtoldxjhkokvkdr vm

bnjl`d/ wxdfkbv xkri/ jrrdrr vnd rk`lkbjlbd ma vnd

xkri xdojvkqd vm vnd kcwjbv jlf tlbdxvjklvkdr/ jlf vm

wxmwmrd jlf vdrv jfjwvjvkml rvxjvd`kdr, Hmvn bokcjvd

jlf mvndx ajbvmxr lddf vm hd bmlrkfdxdf kl jrrdrrkl`

rdlrkvkqkv{ vm bnjl`d, Rtbn j axjcdpmxi pmtof hdtrdato vm ambtr jlf `tkfd òmhjo bnjl`d xdrdjxbn,

Rwdbkb krrtdr jlf vmmor kl vnd jwwokbjvkml rdvvkl`r

xdojvdf vm klvdx#hjrkl vxjlradx mx twrvxdjc#fmplrvxdjc

bmcwdvkvkml amx pjvdx rnmtof hd amxctojvdf kl vnkr

bmlvd~v, Vndxd jxd wxmrwdbvr amx cmfdookl` jlf

wxdfkbvkl` mmfr jlf fxmt`nvr jv fkaadxdlv vkcd

rbjodr trkl` j qjxkdv{ ma cdvnmfr, Rtbn dqdlvr njqd

nt`d òmhjo dbmlmckb jlf rmbkjo kcwjbvr/ jlf j

bojrrkbjvkml jlf wxdfkbvkml bjwjbkv{ kr j wxdxdztkrkvd

amx jfjwvkqd cjlj`dcdlv,


7/24


Vnd kltdlbdr ma òmhjo bnjl`dr ml

pjvdx jxd woj{kl` j rk`lkbjlv xmod kl KNWr

rdqdlvn wnjrd .877>#87:2+/ dlvkvodf Pjvdx

Fdwdlfdlbkdr5 R{rvdcr tlfdx Rvxdrr jlf

Rmbkdvjo Xdrwmlrdr,

Rdqdxjo xdrdjxbn jbvkqkvkdr ml jrrdrrcdlv jlfjfjwvjvkml vm òmhjo bnjl`d kcwjbvr ml axdrnpjvdx

xdrmtxbdr njqd hddl kfdlvkdf5

Vnd fdqdomwcdlv ma cmlkvmxkl` ldvpmxir jlffjvjhjrdr amx bnjl`d jljo{rkr

Cdvnmfr amx bnjl`d fdvdbvkml/ jvvxkhtvkml jlfwxdfkbvkml

Wxdfkbvkml ma bnjl`dr kl jlf qtoldxjhkokv{ ma

`xmtlfpjvdx/ mmfr/ omp mpr jlf fxmt`nvr

Wxdfkbvkml ma `xmtlfpjvdx ztjokv{ fd`xjfjvkml jlfxdrvmxjvkml

Jrrdrrcdlv ma rlmp/ kbd jlf òjbkdx cjrr hjojlbdr Jrrdrrcdlv ma vnd kcwjbv ml rdfkcdlv vxjlrwmxv Klvd`xjvdf pjvdx cjlj`dcdlv amx jfjwvjvkml vm

òmhjo bnjl`d xkri

Wmokb{#xdojvdf klvdxqdlvkmlr amx jfjwvjvkml

PJVDX FDWDLFDLBKDR5R[RVDCR TLFDX RVXDRR JLF RMBKDVJO

XDRWMLRDRJfjwvkl` vm vnd kcwjbvr ma òmhjobnjl`dr ml xkqdx hjrklr jlf

jztkadx r{rvdcr

KNWr vpm bxmrr#btvvkl` wxm`xjccdr/ AXKDLF Pjvdx jlf NDOW/ klvdxjbv pkvn joo KNW

vndcdr vnxmt`n vndkx mwdxjvkmljo bmlbdwvr,

AXKDLF PJVDX5 AOMP XD@KCDR AXMC

KLVDXLJVKMLJO D^WDXKCDLVJO JLF

LDVPMXI FJVJ

AXKDLF Pjvdx kr jl klvdxljvkmljo

xdrdjxbn wxm`xjccd vnjv ndowr

vm rdv tw xd`kmljo ldvpmxir amx jljo{ukl` n{fxmom`kbjo

fjvj vnxmt`n vnd d~bnjl`d ma fjvj/ ilmpodf`d jlf

vdbnlkztdr jv vnd xd`kmljo odqdo,

AXKDLF Pjvdxr rbkdlvkb xdrdjxbn ambtrdr ml vnd

tlfdxrvjlfkl` ma vnd bmcwod~ ljvtxd ma n{fxmom`kbjo

qjxkjhkokv{ kl rwjbd jlf vkcd kl fkaadxdlv n{fxm#bokcjvkb

jlf n{fxm#`dmom`kbjo dlqkxmlcdlvr .vdcwdxjvd

bokcjvdr/ d~vxdcd dodqjvkml/ cmlrmmljo xd`kcdr/ rlmp

jlf kbd xd`kcdr/ njxf xmbi jlf tlbmlrmokfjvdf xkqdx

hjrklr/ jlf fjvj#rwjxrd xd`kmlr+, Vnd wxm`xjc fdjor

pkvn dlqkxmlcdlvjo bnjl`d/ klbotfkl` bokcjvd bnjl`d

jlf ojlf#trd bnjl`dr jlf vndkx kcwjbvr ml d~vxdcd

dqdlvr rtbn jr mmfr jlf fxmt`nvr/ pjvdx xdrmtxbdr/

okqdoknmmfr/ dbmlmckb fdqdomwcdlv jlf ndjovn,

NDOW5 N[FXMOM@[ AMX VND

DLQKXMLCDLV/ OKAD JLF WMOKB[

NDOW kr j bxmrr#btvvkl` jlf

vxjlrfkrbkwokljx{ klkvkjvkqd vnjv

kr bxdjvkl` j ldp jwwxmjbn vm klvd`xjvdf bjvbncdlv

cjlj`dcdlv vnxmt`n vnd bxdjvkml ma j axjcdpmxi

amx pjvdx ojp jlf wmokb{ d~wdxvr/ pjvdx xdrmtxbd

cjlj`dxr jlf pjvdx rbkdlvkrvr vm pmxi vm`dvndx ml

pjvdx#xdojvdf wxmhodcr,

Jl kcwmxvjlv xdrdjxbn ztdrvkml pkvnkl NDOW hjrklr

kr nmp ilmpodf`d/ tlfdxrvjlfkl`/ jlf wxdfkbvkqd

cmfdookl` ma vnd kltdlbd ma òmhjo bokcjvd qjxkjhkokv{

jlf bnjl`d ml n{fxmom`kbjo qjxkjhodr jlf xdcmvdo{

rdlrdf fjvj bjl hd trdf vm kcwxmqd vnd cjlj`dcdlv

jlf fdrk`l ma pjvdx xdrmtxbd/ j`xm#n{fxmom`kbjo jlf

dbm#n{fxmom`kbjo r{rvdcr,


8/24


Vnd kcwjbvr ma bokcjvd bnjl`d klbotfkl` bnjl`dr

kl vdcwdxjvtxd/ wxdbkwkvjvkml jlf rdj odqdo xkrd jxd

d~wdbvdf vm njqd qjx{kl` bmlrdztdlbdr amx vnd

jqjkojhkokv{ ma axdrnpjvdx jxmtlf vnd pmxof, Bokcjvd

bnjl`d kcwjbvr vnd n{fxmom`kbjo b{bod jlf vntr

kcwjbvr vnd cjlj`dcdlv ma axdrnpjvdx xdrmtxbdr,Bnjl`dr kl xkqdx xtlmaa/ amx d~jcwod/ pkoo jaadbv vnd

{kdofr ma xkqdxr jlf xdrdxqmkxr/ ljqk`jvkml/ jlf njqd

jl kcwjbv ml vnd dldx`{ rdbvmx/ ljoo{ jaadbvkl`

vnd xdbnjx`kl` ma `xmtlfpjvdx, Jl klbxdjrd kl vnd

xjvd ma dqjwmxjvkml pkoo jorm jaadbv pjvdx rtwwo{ jlf

bmlvxkhtvd vm vnd rjoklkujvkml ma kxxk`jvdf j`xkbtovtxjo

ojlfr,

Bokcjvd bnjl`d kcwjbvr jv joo odqdor jxd wxmedbvdf vm

hdbmcd klbxdjrkl`o{ rvxml` kl vnd fdbjfdr amoompkl`

8784, Kv kr jv vnd ljvkmljo odqdo vnjv vnd cmrv kcwmxvjlv

fdbkrkmlr lddf vm hd cjfd/ jlf jfjwvjvkml rvxjvd`kdr

fdqdomwdf, Nk`ndx vdcwdxjvtxdr jlf fdbxdjrdf

wxdbkwkvjvkml cj{ odjf vm fdbxdjrdf pjvdx rtwwokdrjlf klbxdjrdf pjvdx fdcjlf, Vnkr cj{ bjtrd

fdvdxkmxjvkml kl vnd ztjokv{ ma axdrnpjvdx hmfkdr/

wtvvkl` atxvndx rvxjkl ml vnd joxdjf{ axj`kod hjojlbd

hdvpddl rtwwo{ jlf fdcjlf kl cjl{ bmtlvxkdr,

Dqdl pndxd wxdbkwkvjvkml ck`nv klbxdjrd/ vndxd kr

lm `tjxjlvdd vnjv kv pmtof mbbtx jv vnd vkcd ma {djx

pndl kv pmtof hd trdato, Vndxd kr jorm j okidoknmmf ma

klbxdjrdf mmfkl`,

VND KCWJBV MA BOKCJVD BNJL@DML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR

VND KCWJBV MA @OMHJO BOKCJVD BNJL@D ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR KR J WXKCJX[ BMLBDXL AMX

OMBJO JLF @OMHJO PJVDX XDRMTXBDR CJLJ@DCDLV,


9/24


D^VXDCDR5AOMMFR JLF FXMT@NVR

Kl xdbdlv {djxr cjl{ bmtlvxkdr jxmtlf vnd pmxof d~wdxkdlbdf fdqjrvjvkl` mmfr xdrtovkl` kl cjl{ fdjvnr jlf

fjcj`d vm klaxjrvxtbvtxd, Vnd KWBB wxdfkbvr vnjv h{ 87>7/ ckookmlr cmxd wdmwod pkoo d~wdxkdlbd mmfkl` dqdx{

{djx ftd vm rdj odqdo xkrd, Fdbxdjrdf ojlf wxdbkwkvjvkml jlf klbxdjrdf vdcwdxjvtxdr jxd kcwmxvjlv ajbvmxr pnkbn

njqd bmlvxkhtvdf vm cmxd xd`kmlr d~wdxkdlbkl` fxmt`nvr, Fxmt`nvr j``xjqjvd ammf rdbtxkv{ jlf odjf vm jl

klbxdjrd kl ammf wxkbdr pnkbn/ kl vtxl/ wtvr atxvndx rvxdrr ml vnd cmrv qtoldxjhod kl rmbkdv{,

AXKDLF PJVDX JLF N[FXM#NJUJXFR

Vnxmt`n kvr dk`nv xd`kmljo `xmtwr/ AXKDLF Pjvdx

ambtrdr ml vnd jrrdrrcdlv ma vnd kcwjbv ma `omhjo

bnjl`d fxkqdxr ml mp xd`kcdr pkvn j rvxml` dcwnjrkr

ml n{fxm#njujxfr rtbn jr mmfr jlf fxmt`nvr/ jlf

njr fdqdomwdf rdqdxjo mmf#xdojvdf vmmor rtbn jr djxo{

mmf amxdbjrvkl` r{rvdcr jlf fdrk`l mmf cdvnmfr,

Xdrdjxbn xdrtovr fdcmlrvxjvd vnd fkabtov{ ma

fkrvkl`tkrnkl` hdvpddl ljvtxjo qjxkjhkokv{ jlf

ntcjl kltdlbdr vnjv xdftbd mx dlnjlbd omp mpr

jlf fxmt`nv, Pkvnmtv fdvjkodf klamxcjvkml/ kv kr

vndxdamxd kcwmrrkhod vm jvvxkhtvd bnjl`dr kl fxmt`nv

bnjxjbvdxkrvkbr vm bdxvjkl bjtrdr, Amx d~jcwod/

kl cjl{ xd`kmlr vnd kcwjbvr ma ojlf trd bnjl`d/

txhjlkujvkml mx jhrvxjbvkml amx kxxk`jvkml mqdxxkfd vnd

daadbv ma bokcjvd bnjl`d, J wxmckrkl` jwwxmjbn kr jl

klvd`xjvdf mhrdxqjvkml#fxkqdl jwwxmjbn vnjv bmlxcr

vnd fdwdlfdlbkdr pkvn cmfdookl`,

Vnd xdrdjxbn ambtr ma vnd xd`kmljo `xmtwr kr ml jxdjr

pnkbn jxd okido{ vm d~wdxkdlbd bnjl`d kl vnd ldjx

atvtxd, Mld ambtr/ amx d~jcwod/ kr vm tlfdxrvjlf vnd

tlfdxo{kl` wxmbdrrdr ma cjemx xdbdlv dqdlvr jlf

jffxdrr rbjokl` krrtdr,

PJVBN5 VND KCWJBV MA BOKCJVD

BNJL@D ML FXMT@NVR

Vnd Dtxmwdjl .DTXM+ AXKDLF Pjvdx `xmtw kr xdrdjxbnkl`

vnd kcwjbv ma bokcjvd bnjl`d ml fxmt`nvr vnxmt`n vnd

@omhjo Bnjl`d jlf Dbmr{rvdcr wxmedbv/ jr wjxv ma vnd DB#atlfdf wxmedbv PJVBN .Pjvdx jlf @omhjo Bnjl`d+, J rvtf{

ml vxdlfr kl mhrdxqdf omp mp jlf rvxdjc mp fxmt`nv njr

hddl bmlftbvdf jlf klfkbjvdr vnd fkabtov{ kl fdvdbvkl` vnd

bokcjvd rk`ljo kl vnd n{fxmom`kbjo vkcd rdxkdr, Vnd xdrdjxbn

rnmpr vnjv vnd axdztdlb{ jlf rdqdxkv{ ma fxmt`nvr kl

Dtxmwd fdwdlf ml vnd n{fxm#`dmom`kbjo bmlfkvkmlr .rvmxj`d

bjwjbkv{+ ma vnd hjrklr/ vnd vkcd wdxkmf rdodbvdf jlf vnd

rdodbvkml ma vnd fxmt`nv klfd~ kvrdoa,


10/24

VND KCWJBV MA @OMHJO BNJL@D ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR5 VND XDRWM LRD MA TLDR BMR KLVDXL JVKMLJO N[FXMOM@[ W XM@XJCCD>S

KAK5 KLVDXLJVKMLJO AOMMF KLKVKJVKQD

Vnd Klvdxljvkmljo Aommf Klkvkjvkqd .KAK+ wxmcmvdr j

nmokrvkb jwwxmjbn vm mmf cjlj`dcdlv/ jlf kr j

bmoojhmxjvkqd daamxv ma PCM/ TLDRBM/ KJNR/ TLT

jlf KRFX, Vnd rdbxdvjxkjv kr hjrdf kl vnd Klvdxljvkmljo

Bdlvxd amx Pjvdx Njujxf jlf Xkri Cjlj`dcdlv

.KBNJXC+ kl Vrtithj/ Ejwjl, Vnd kcwjbv ma bokcjvd

bnjl`d ml mmfr kr jl kcwmxvjlv krrtd pkvnkl vnd

klkvkjvkqd, KNW xdbdlvo{ ojtlbndf j ldp hmmi rdxkdr

dlvkvodf Aommf Cjlj`dcdlv kl j Bnjl`kl` Bokcjvd

jr j bmlvxkhtvkml vm vnd Klvdxljvkmljo Aommf Klkvkjvkqd

.KAK+, Vnd hmmir pkoo ambtr ml d~vxdcd wxdbkwkvjvkml

jlf bokcjvd bnjl`d/ n{fxmom`kb cmfdookl` ma mmfr/

mmf kltlfjvkml cmfdookl` jlf mmf xkri cjlj`dcdlv

wxmqkfkl` rmtlf ilmpodf`d vm vnd vndmx{ ma mmf

fkrjrvdx cjlj`dcdlv jlf wxjbvkbd tlfdx vnd btxxdlv

bokcjvd bnjl`d bmlfkvkmlr, Hdrv wxjbvkbdr axmc jxmtlf

vnd pmxof jlf rvjvd ma vnd jxv ilmpodf`d pkoo hd

wxdrdlvdf vm`dvndx pkvn j rdv ma bmcwtvjvkmljo vmmor

amx wxjbvkbjo jwwokbjvkmlr,

KNW bmcwkodf j okrv ma cjemx mmfr axmc jxmtlf

vnd pmxof axmc :>17#877> pkvn j ambtr ml vndkx

cj`lkvtfd/ cdvdmxmom`kbjo bjtrdr jlf rmbkm#

dbmlmckb kcwjbvr/ kl bmmwdxjvkml pkvn KJNR, Vndrd

lfkl`r pdxd j bmlvxkhtvkml vm vnd vnkxf Pmxof Pjvdx

Fdqdomwcdlv Xdwmxv .PPFX+,

JXKF JLF RDCK#JXKFDLQKXMLCDLVR

Jbbtxjvdo{ jrrdrrkl`

jlf cjlj`kl` jqjkojhod

jlf xdldpjhod pjvdx

xdrmtxbdr kr cmxd

fkabtov kl rdck#jxkf

xd`kmlr/ bmcwjxdfpkvn pjvdx#xkbn

bmtlvxkdr/ rklbd

vnd rbkdlbd hjrd

kr okckvdf/ fjvj jxd

rbjxbd jlf vnd ntckf

umld d~wdxkdlbd kr

kljwwxmwxkjvd, Cmxdmqdx/ cjl{ jxkf xd`kmlr jxd vnd

ambtr ma wmvdlvkjo bmlkbvr mqdx pjvdx rbjxbkv{/ cjikl`

kv ldbdrrjx{ vm fdqdomw rvxjvd`kdr vm rtwwmxv wdjbd

jlf rdbtxkv{, Kcwxmqdf rbkdlvkb tlfdxrvjlfkl`/

bmmwdxjvkml jlf fjvj rnjxkl` joo wxmqkfd pj{r ma

hdvvdxkl` pjvdx cjlj`dcdlv jlf ma rtwwmxvkl`

bmlkbv xdrmotvkml,

@#PJFK5 @OMHJO LDVPMXI ML PJVDX

JLF FDQDOMWCDLV KLAMXCJVKML KL

JXKF OJLFR

@#PJFK jkcr vm rvxdl`vndl vnd òmhjo bjwjbkv{

lddfdf vm cjlj`d vnd pjvdx xdrmtxbdr ma jxkf jlf

rdck#jxkf jxdjr, Vnd wxm`xjccdr wxkcjx{ jkc njr

hddl vm htkof jl daadbvkqd òmhjo bmcctlkv{ vnxmt`n

vnd klvd`xjvkml ma d~krvkl` cjvdxkjo axmc ldvpmxir/

bdlvdxr/ mx`jlkujvkmlr jlf klfkqkftjor pnm jxd

cdchdxr ma @#PJFK, Vnd Klvdxljvkmljo Bdlvdx amx

Klvd`xjvdf Pjvdx Xdrmtxbd Cjlj`dcdlv .KBKPjXC+

kl Qkx`klkj/ TRJ rdxqdr jr vnd nmrv amx vnd vdbnlkbjo

rdbxdvjxkjv ma vnd wxm`xjccd/ pnkbn njr xd`kmljo

ldvpmxir kl Jrkj/ Jaxkbj/ Ojvkl Jcdxkbj jlf vnd Jxjh

xd`kml,

Vnxmt`n pmxirnmwr vnd wxm`xjccd hxkl`r vm`dvndx

klvdxljvkmljo d~wdxvr/ rbkdlvkrvr/ wmokb{cjidxr/

xdrdjxbndxr jlf rvjidnmofdxr vm fkrbtrr id{ xdrdjxbn

vmwkbr xdojvdf vm bokcjvd bnjl`d kcwjbvr/ xkri

jrrdrrcdlv jlf cjlj`dcdlv ma pjvdx xdrmtxbdr ma

jxkf jlf rdck#jxkf xd`kmlr,

Jxkf jlf rdck#jxkf jxdjr òmhjoo{ ajbd vnd `xdjvdrv wxdrrtxdr vm fdokqdx jlf cjlj`d axdrnpjvdx xdrmtxbdr, Vndrd

jxdjr jxd wjxvkbtojxo{ qtoldxjhod vm bokcjvd qjxkjhkokv{ mx bokcjvd bnjl`d/ pkvn bmlrdztdlbdr vnjv cj{ njqd qdx{

rdxkmtr rmbkjo jlf dlqkxmlcdlvjo daadbvr,


11/24


12/24

VND KCWJBV MA @OMHJO BNJL@D ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR5 VND XDRWM LRD MA TLDR BMR KLVDXL JVKMLJO N[FXMOM@[ W XM@XJCCD:7S

Fxmt`nvr fdvdxkmxjvd pjvdx ztjokv{ rklbd odrr pjvdx

kr jqjkojhod amx vnd fkotvkml ma pjrvdpjvdx, Nk`ndx

pjvdx vdcwdxjvtxdr/ klbxdjrdf wxdbkwkvjvkml klvdlrkv{/

jlf oml`dx wdxkmfr ma omp mpr jxd wxmedbvdf

vm d~jbdxhjvd cjl{ amxcr ma pjvdx wmootvkml/

klbotfkl` rdfkcdlvr/ ltvxkdlvr/ fkrrmoqdf mx`jlkb

bjxhml/ wjvnm`dlr/ wdrvkbkfdr/ rjov jlf vndxcjo

wmootvkml, Vnkr wxmcmvdr jo`jo hommcr jlf klbxdjrdr

hjbvdxkjo jlf atl`jo bmlvdlv/ jlf/ kl vtxl/ kcwjbvr

dbmr{rvdcr/ ntcjl ndjovn/ jlf vnd xdokjhkokv{

jlf mwdxjvkl` bmrvr ma pjvdx r{rvdcr, Xkrkl`

vdcwdxjvtxdr jxd okido{ vm ompdx pjvdx ztjokv{ kl ojidr

vnxmt`n klbxdjrdf vndxcjo rvjhkokv{ jlf jovdxdf ck~kl`

wjvvdxlr/ xdrtovkl` kl xdftbdf m~{`dl bmlbdlvxjvkmlr

jlf jl klbxdjrdf xdodjrd ma wnmrwnmxtr axmc

rdfkcdlvr,

Cmxd klvdlrd xjklajoo kr d~wdbvdf vm odjf vm j

fdvdxkmxjvkml ma pjvdx ztjokv{ rklbd kv dlnjlbdr vnd

vxjlrwmxv ma wjvnm`dlr jlf mvndx fkrrmoqdf wmootvjlvr

.rtbn jr wdrvkbkfdr+ vm rtxajbd pjvdx jlf `xmtlfpjvdx,

Kv jorm xdrtovr kl klbxdjrdf dxmrkml/ pnkbn kl vtxl odjfr

vm vnd cmhkokujvkml ma jfrmxhdf wmootvjlvr rtbn jr

wnmrwnmxtr jlf ndjq{ cdvjor, Cmxd axdztdlv ndjq{

xjklajoo pkoo mqdxomjf vnd bjwjbkv{ ma rdpdx r{rvdcr/ jlf

pjvdx jlf pjrvdpjvdx vxdjvcdlv wojlvr cmxd mavdl, Kl

jxdjr pkvn mqdxjoo fdbxdjrdf xtlmaa rtbn jr kl rdck#jxkf

jxdjr/ pjvdx ztjokv{ fdvdxkmxjvkml pkoo hd dqdl pmxrd,

KNW kr jffxdrrkl` pjvdx ztjokv{ krrtdr vnxmt`n j

wxm`xjc jkcdf jv wxmvdbvkl` pjvdx ztjokv{, Vnd kcwjbv

ma bokcjvd bnjl`d ml pjvdx ztjokv{ kr mld ma vnd id{

jxdjr pndxd rwdbkb jbvkqkvkdr/ wxmedbvr jlf bjrd

PJVDX ZTJOKV[Vnd kcwjbv ma bokcjvd bnjl`d ml pjvdx ztjokv{ kr okido{ vm hd bmlrkfdxjhod, Vnd wxmedbvdf xdftbvkmlr kl wxdbkwkvjvkml

jlf xtlmaa pkoo odjf vm j fdbxdjrd kl hmvn vnd ztjlvkv{ jlf ztjokv{ ma pjvdx rtwwo{,

Btxxdlv jlf wxmwmrdf KNW jbvkqkvkdr xdojvdf vm òjbkdxr/

rlmp jlf wdxcjaxmrv klbotfd5

Xdqkdp ml`mkl` rvtfkdr ma vnd n{fxmom`kbjo kcwjbvrma òjbkdxr/ rlmp jlf wdxcjaxmrv/ amxctojvd atxvndx

xdrdjxbn lddfr9

Fdqdomw j xd`kmljo ldvpmxi ma hdlbncjxi hjrklrhjrdf ml d~krvkl` xdrdjxbn jlf cmlkvmxkl` rkvdr

vm wxmqkfd jl daadbvkqd oml`#vdxc bjwjhkokv{ vm

jrrdrr jlf cmlkvmx bnjl`dr kl rlmp/ òjbkdx jlf

wdxcjaxmrv bmlfkvkmlr9

Kcwxmqd bmmxfkljvkml jlf d~bnjl`d ma klamxcjvkmlhdvpddl vnd fkaadxdlv mx`jlkujvkmlr klqmoqdf kl

cmlkvmxkl` òjbkdxr kl vnd xd`kml9

Kcwxmqd bjwjbkv{ ma vnd rbkdlvkrvr jlf klrvkvtvkmlrma vnd xd`kml vm jwwo{ jfqjlbdf cdvnmfr jlf

vdbnlmom`kdr .klbotfkl` trd ma rjvdookvd kcj`dr+ kl

jrrdrrkl` vnd rvjvtr ma rlmp jlf òjbkdxr/ jlf vnd

kcwjbv ma bokcjvd qjxkjhkokv{ ml vndc9 jlf

Xjkrd jpjxdldrr ma wmokb{#cjidxr jv vnd ljvkmljoodqdo ml vnd wxdfkbvkmlr jlf xkrir xdojvdf vm vnd

cdovkl` ma òjbkdxr,


13/24

KLVDXLJVKMLJO N[FXMOM@KBJO WXM@XJCCD Y::

DXMRKML JLF RDFKCDLVJVKML

Dqdx{ {djx ntcjl okqdr jxd omrv vm dxmrkml/ ojlfrokfdr jlf fdhxkr mpr, Vnd ld`jvkqd kcwjbvr ma dxmrkml jlf

rdfkcdlvjvkml jxd atxvndx d~jbdxhjvdf h{ òmhjo bnjl`dr hxmt`nv ml h{ j xjwkfo{ `xmpkl` wmwtojvkml jlf

klbxdjrdf qtoldxjhkokv{ vm rdqdxd bokcjvkb bmlfkvkmlr/ pnkbn klbxdjrd rmko dxmrkml,

Jbxmrr vnd pmxof/ dxmrkml/ vxjlrwmxv

jlf rdfkcdlvjvkml wxmbdrrdr njqd

rk`lkbjlv rmbkjo/ dbmlmckb jlf

dlqkxmlcdlvjo kcwjbvr, Cmxd vnjl

av{ wdxbdlv ma vnd mxk`kljo rvmxj`d

bjwjbkv{ ma vnd pmxofr xdrdxqmkxr

kr okido{ vm hd omrv pkvnkl vnd ld~v

vnkxv{ {djxr ftd vm rdfkcdlvjvkml,

Hdbjtrd ma vndkx bomrd oklir vm ojlf

bmqdx/ ojlf trd jlf vnd n{fxmom`{ ma

j xkqdx hjrkl/ dxmrkml jlf rdfkcdlv

vxjlrwmxv wxmbdrrdr jxd rdlrkvkqd vmbnjl`dr kl bokcjvd jlf ojlf bmqdx

jr pdoo jr vm j pkfd xjl`d ma ntcjl

jbvkqkvkdr, Vndrd klbotfd amxdrv btvvkl`

jlf ojlf bodjxjlbd/ vnd d~wjlrkml

ma j`xkbtovtxd/ ojlf trd bnjl`d jlf bmlrdxqjvkml

wxjbvkbdr/ ckldxjo d~vxjbvkml/ txhjlkujvkml jlf

klaxjrvxtbvtxjo fdqdomwcdlv/ rjlf cklkl`/ fjc jlf

xdrdxqmkx bmlrvxtbvkml/ jlf wxm`xjccdr amx rmko

bmlrdxqjvkml jlf rdfkcdlv bmlvxmo, Rmko dxmrkml

xjvdr jlf rdfkcdlv omjfr vxjlrwmxvdf h{ vnd

pmxofr xkqdxr wxmqkfd jl kcwmxvjlv jlf rdlrkvkqd

klfkbjvmx ma bnjl`dr kl vnd mwdxjvkml ma vnd djxvn

r{rvdc, Rdfkcdlv cjlj`dcdlv kr vndxdamxd jl

kcwmxvjlv bmcwmldlv ma rtrvjkljhod pjvdx xdrmtxbdr

cjlj`dcdlv,

Fkxdbv ntcjl jbvkqkv{ kr `dldxjoo{ j rvxml`dx bnjl`d

j`dlv ml rmko dxmrkml jlf kvr n{fxmom`kb kcwjbvr vnjl

bokcjvd/ jovnmt`n hdvvdx tlfdxrvjlfkl` kr lddfdf jr

vm nmp bokcjvd jlf ojlf bmqdx bnjl`d odjf vm dxmrkqd

jlf dxmfkhkokv{ klvdxjbvkmlr,

KRK5 KLVDXLJVKMLJO RDFKCDLV

KLKVKJVKQD

KRK jfqjlbdr rtrvjkljhod

rdfkcdlv cjlj`dcdlv jv vnd

òmhjo rbjod kl jl daamxv vm

bmlvxkhtvd vm rtrvjkljhod pjvdx

xdrmtxbdr cjlj`dcdlv, Vnd

vdbnlkbjo rdbxdvjxkjv amx vnd wxm`xjccd kr hjrdf kl

vnd Klvdxljvkmljo Xdrdjxbn jlf Vxjklkl` Bdlvdx ml

Dxmrkml jlf Rdfkcdlvjvkml .KXVBDR+ kl Hdkekl`/ Bnklj,

Vnd pmxi klbotfdr jl klamxcjvkml r{rvdc/ j òmhjo

dqjotjvkml ma rdfkcdlv vxjlrwmxv .vnd @DRV wxmedbv+/

jl jrrdcho{ ma bjrd rvtfkdr ma rdfkcdlv wxmhodcr

jlf rdfkcdlv cjlj`dcdlv amx xkqdx hjrklr kl fkaadxdlv

dlqkxmlcdlvr/ j xdqkdp ma dxmrkml jlf rdfkcdlvjvkml

xdrdjxbn/ jlf jl klkvkjvkqd vm wxmcmvd dftbjvkml jlf

bjwjbkv{ htkofkl` kl vnd rdfkcdlv dof,

rvtfkdr ml xdojvdf vmwkbr jxd hdkl` fdqdomwdf, Kl

jffkvkml/ KNW kr pmxikl` ml wmokb{ xdbmccdlfjvkmlr

amx ckvk`jvkml jlf jfjwvjvkml cdjrtxdr,

Vnd jbvkqkvkdr pkoo ambtr ml vnd amoompkl` rvxjvd`kdr5

Cklkckukl` wmootvkml omjf kl xkqdxr jlf rtxajbd pjvdxhmfkdr ftxkl` d~vxdcd pdjvndx dqdlvr rtbn jr

mmfr jlf fxmt`nvr9

Fdqdomwkl` rtrvjkljhod jwwxmjbndr vm rjlkvjvkmljlf pjrvdpjvdx cjlj`dcdlv kl mxfdx vm wxdqdlv

vnd klbxdjrdf rdpj`d bmlvjckljvkml ma rtxajbd

jlf `xmtlfpjvdxr jlf vxjlrckrrkml ma pjvdx# jlf

qdbvmx#hmxld fkrdjrdr ftxkl` mmf dqdlvr9

Fdqdomwkl` rvxjvd`kdr amx jt`cdlvkl` jlfcjklvjklkl` vnd xdrkokdlbd bjwjbkv{ ma vnd ljvtxjo

jztjvkb dlqkxmlcdlv vm bmwd pkvn wmootvkml,


14/24


Vnd wxmedbvdf klbxdjrd kl klvdlrkv{ jlf axdztdlb{ ma

d~vxdcd wxdbkwkvjvkml dqdlvr kr okido{ vm wtv rdpdxj`d

ldvpmxir tlfdx jffkvkmljo wxdrrtxd, Vnd btxxdlv

n{fxjtokb bjwjbkv{ ma wjxvr ma vnd ldvpmxir pkoo cmxd

mavdl hd d~bddfdf, J xdrtov cj{ hd cmxd axdztdlv

ombjokudf mmfkl` jlf rdpdx mqdxmpr/ pnkbn ck`nv kl

vtxl ld`jvkqdo{ jaadbv vnd pjvdx ztjokv{ ma xkqdxr,

TPCW5 TXHJL PJVDX CJLJ@DCDLV

WXM@XJCCD

KNWr Txhjl Pjvdx Cjlj`dcdlv Wxm`xjccd .TPCW+

`dldxjvdr jwwxmjbndr/ vmmor jlf `tkfdokldr pnkbn pkoo

joomp bkvkdr vm kcwxmqd vndkx ilmpodf`d jlf jljo{rkr

ma vnd txhjl pjvdx rkvtjvkml vm fxjp tw cmxd daadbvkqdtxhjl pjvdx cjlj`dcdlv rvxjvd`kdr,

Vnd wxm`xjccd bjxxkdr mtv vnd amoompkl` jbvkqkvkdr5

Fdqdomwkl` rmotvkmlr amx cmxd rtrvjkljhod rvmxcpjvdx bmoodbvkl` wxjbvkbdr/ vjikl` klvm jbbmtlv

klvdlrd xjklajoo dqdlvr/ klbxdjrkl` txhjl wmwtojvkml

rkud jlf ml`mkl` fdvxkcdlvjo bnjl`dr ml pjvdx

xdrmtxbdr axmc txhjl rvmxc pjvdx,

Cklkckukl` txhjl rvmxc pjvdx mp kcwjbv mlpjvdx xdrmtxbdr, Vnkr xdztkxdr fdlkl` vdbnlkbjo

dodcdlvr jlf cjlj`kl` xtodr vm rnkav axmc vnd

vxjfkvkmljo dl`klddxkl` mwvkckujvkml `mjo vm j

cmxd nmokrvkb r{rvdc xdrkokdlbd mjo,

Bmlrkfdxjvkml ma hmvn jrrdvr cjlj`dcdlv kld~krvkl` txhjl wojbdr jlf ldp hjrdf vdbnlmom`kbjo

rmotvkmlr kl fdqdomwkl` rth#txhjl jxdjr,

Dlrtxkl` vnjv vnd cklkctc ma wmootvdf pjvdxr pkooxdjbn vnd ljvtxjo r{rvdc dqdl ftxkl` cmxd klvdlrd

xjklajoo dqdlvr, Vnkr kr jwwokbjhod hmvn vm bmchkldf

jlf rdwjxjvdf rdpdx r{rvdcr,

TXHJL RDVVODCDLVRTxhjl pjvdx jlf rjlkvjvkml rdxqkbdr jxd fkxdbvo{ jaadbvdf h{ bokcjvd bnjl`d, Bnjl`dr kl xjklajoo wjvvdxlr/ vndkx

rdjrmljokv{ jlf rwjvkjo fkrvxkhtvkml pkoo kltdlbd vnd ztjlvkv{ jlf ztjokv{ ma pjvdx xdrmtxbdr/ jlf pkoo kcwjbv hmvn

rtxajbd pjvdx jlf `xmtlfpjvdx,

Vnd vndcd ma `omhjo bnjl`d jlf kvr kcwjbv ml dxmrkml

jlf rdfkcdlv f{ljckbr kr bdlvxjo vm joo ma vndrd

jrwdbvr rklbd kv kr lmp bodjx vnjv bnjl`d kr j id{

adjvtxd ma vnmrd f{ljckbr jlf rtbn bnjl`d kr kl vtxl

j id{ fxkqdx ma rdfkcdlv#xdojvdf wxmhodcr jlf njr

j atlfjcdlvjo kltdlbd ml rtrvjkljhod xkqdx hjrkl

cjlj`dcdlv, KRK woj{r jl kcwmxvjlv xmod kl nk`nok`nvkl`

vnd pkfdx bmlvd~v ma `omhjo bnjl`d jlf vnd kcwmxvjlbd

ma rtbn bnjl`d vm dxmrkml,

Vnd Kcwjbv ma @omhjo Bnjl`d ml Dxmrkml jlf

Rdfkcdlv Vxjlrwmxv h{ Xkqdxr5 Btxxdlv Wxm`xdrr jlf

Atvtxd Bnjoodl`dr kr j bmlvxkhtvkml vm vnd PPFX rkfd

wthokbjvkmlr klvdlfdf vm wxmqkfd rbkdlvkb klamxcjvkml

ml rthedbvr bmqdxdf kl vnd PPFX,


15/24

KLVDXLJVKMLJO N[FXMOM@KBJO WXM@XJCCD Y:2

DBMN[FXMOM@[ WXM@XJCCD

KNWr Dbmn{fxmom`{ wxm`xjccd kr bmlbdxldf

pkvn vnd kcwjbv ma kcwjbv ma bokcjvd bnjl`d ml

hkmfkqdxrkv{ tlfdx rwdbkb rmbkm#wmokvkbjo bmlrvxjklr,

Vnd wxm`xjccd kr bmlbdlvxjvkl` ml vnd odqdo ma

dlqkxmlcdlvjo wxmvdbvkml vm hd wxmqkfdf tlfdx bokcjvd

bnjl`d kcwjbvr, Fdqdomwkl` bmtlvxkdr pkoo trtjoo{ hd

odjrv jhod mx pkookl` vm bmlrkfdx vnd krrtd ma vnd pjvdx

xdztkxdf amx dlqkxmlcdlvjo

wxmvdbvkml9 vndkx xrv

wxkmxkv{ kr vm vjid bjxdma vnd kccdfkjvd/ hjrkb

lddfr ma vndkx wmwtojvkml,

Vnd klkvkjvkqd jkcr vm

xjkrd jpjxdldrr ma vndrd

krrtdr rm vnjv vndrd

vpm mhedbvkqdr jxd lmv

bmlvxjfkbvmx{ jlf vndxd

jxd wjvnpj{r vm rvxkid j

hjojlbd tlfdx dlnjlbdf

bokcjvd qjxkjhkokv{ jlf

bokcjvd bnjl`d rbdljxkmr,

Vnd bxmrr#btvvkl` j`dlfj klbotfdr vnd amoompkl` krrtdr5

Vnd xmod vnd dlqkxmlcdlv woj{r kl rdbtxkl` pjvdxxdrmtxbdr tlfdx fkaadxdlv bokcjvd xd`kcdr

Fdvdxcklkl` j qjotd ml vnd ljvtxjo dlqkxmlcdlv Kfdlvka{kl` vnd kcwjbvr ma dlqkxmlcdlvjo bnjl`d ml

pjvdx xdrmtxbdr

Hkmfkqdxrkv{ kr fkxdbvo{ jaadbvdf h{ bokcjvd bnjl`d, Hkmfkqdxrkv{ pkvnkl pdvojlfr kr j `mmf d~jcwod ma rtbn

fd`xjfjvkml, Amx cjl{ pjvdxrndfr/ vndxd kr jl klbxdjrdf okidoknmmf ma pjxcdx rtccdxr jlf vndxdamxd jl klbxdjrd

kl pjvdx vdcwdxjvtxdr pkvn jrrmbkjvdf kcwjbvr ml jztjvkb dbmr{rvdcr jlf pjvdx ztjokv{,

HKMFKQDXRKV[

@xmtlfpjvdx kr vnd wxkcjx{ rmtxbd ma fxklikl` pjvdx amx

cmxd vnjl :,4 hkookml wdmwod pmxofpkfd, Kl xtxjo jxdjr/

`xmtlfpjvdx kr mavdl vnd mlo{ rmtxbd ma pjvdx, Kl cjl{

bmtlvxkdr `xmtlfpjvdx kr jorm kcwmxvjlv amx rtrvjklkl`

j`xkbtovtxd/ klftrvxkjo trdr/ rvxdjcr/ ojidr/ pdvojlfr/

jlf dbmr{rvdcr, Tlfdxrvjlfkl` vnd wxmbdrrdr

bmlvxmookl` vnd `dmbndckbjo dqmotvkml ma `xmtlfpjvdx

jlf fkaadxdlvkjvkl` hdvpddl bokcjvd bnjl`d jlf ntcjl

kcwjbvr ml `xmtlfpjvdx ztjokv{ jxd drrdlvkjo dodcdlvr

ma rtrvjkljhod klvd`xjvdf `xmtlfpjvdx ztjokv{ jlf ojlf

trd cjlj`dcdlv/ jlf jxd ldbdrrjx{ kl amxctojvkl` jl

daadbvkqd `xmtlfpjvdx wxmvdbvkml wmokb{,

Fkxdbv ntcjl kltdlbdr ml `xmtlfpjvdx ztjokv{ jxd

okido{ vm hd cmxd kcwmxvjlv vnjl bokcjvd bnjl`d kl

vnd amxdrddjhod atvtxd, Wxkcjx{ bokcjvkb rvxdrr krrtdr

njqd vm fm pkvn xdbnjx`d umldr/ drwdbkjoo{ amx rnjoomp

jztkadxr/ jlf rdj pjvdx klvxtrkml kl bmjrvjo jztkadxr/

xdojvdf vm rdj odqdo xkrd/ kl bmletlbvkml pkvn mvndx

rvxdrrdr,

@XMTLFPJVDX

Bokcjvd bnjl`d jaadbvr `xmtlfpjvdx xdbnjx`d jlf fkrbnjx`d xjvdr/ jr pdoo jr `xmtlfpjvdx ztjokv{, Rklbd

ilmpodf`d ma btxxdlv xdbnjx`d jlf odqdor kl hmvn fdqdomwdf jlf fdqdomwkl` bmtlvxkdr kr wmmx/ xdrdjxbn daamxvr

jxd tlfdxpj{ vm ndow tr hdvvdx tlfdxrvjlf vnd atvtxd kcwjbv ma bokcjvd bnjl`d ml `xmtlfpjvdx,


16/24


Jv nk`n ojvkvtfdr/ vnd vnjpkl` ma wdxcjaxmrv bjtrdr

bnjl`dr kl hmvn `xmtlfpjvdx odqdor jlf ztjokv{/ ftd

vm klbxdjrdf bmtwokl` pkvn rtxajbd pjvdxr, Rklbd

cjl{ `xmtlfpjvdx hmfkdr hmvn bnjx`d klvm jlf

jxd xdbnjx df axmc rtxajbd pjvdx/ vnd kcwjbvr ma

rtxajbd pjvdx mp xd`kcdr jxd d~wdbvdf vm jaadbv

`xmtlfpjvdx, Klbxdjrdf wxdbkwkvjvkml qjxkjhkokv{ cj{

fdbxdjrd xmtlfpjvdx xdbnjx d kl ntckf jxdjr,

@XJWNKB5 @XMTLFPJVDX XDRMTXBDR

JRRDRRCDLV TLFDX VND WXDRRTXDR

MA NTCJLKV[ JLF BOKCJVD BNJL@D

KNWr @XJWNKB wxm`xjccd kr pmxikl` ml vnd kcwjbv

ma bokcjvd bnjl`d ml `xmtlfpjvdx r{rvdcr, Vnd

wxm`xjccd kr bjxxkdf mtv kl bomrd bmmwdxjvkml pkvn

KNW Ljvkmljo Bmcckvvddr/ KBNJXC/ K@XJB/ @DPD^/

@DMR/ KT@R/ KJNR/ TLT#NDR/ jlf TLDRBM#KNDKlrvkvtvd amx Pjvdx Dftbjvkml,

Jbvkqkvkdr klbotfd5

Jrrdrrcdlv ma vnd kcwjbvr ma òmhjo bnjl`d.d,`, bokcjvd bnjl`d jlf ntcjl wxdrrtxdr+ ml

`xmtlfpjvdx xdrmtxbdr jlf rtwwmxv vm Cdchdx

Rvjvdr kl jffxdrrkl` xd`kmljo lddfr vnxmt`n òmhjo

bmmxfkljvkml

Kcwxmqdcdlv ma vnd tlfdxrvjlfkl` ma nmp`xmtlfpjvdx bmlvxkhtvdr vm vnd òmhjo pjvdx b{bod

jlf dqjotjvdr vnd bnjl`dr vm `xmtlfpjvdx rvmxj`d

jlf t~dr

Hdvvdx fdld `xmpkl` wmwtojvkml wxdrrtxd ml`xmtlfpjvdx xdrmtxbdr/ omhjo pjxckl` kcwjbvr ml

`xmtlfpjvdx xdbnjx d xjvdr/ xkrkl` rdj odqdor jlf

rjovpjvdx klvxtrkml

Xjkrd jpjxdldrr ma fdbkrkml cjidxr/kcwodcdlvdxr/ trdxr jlf vnd `dldxjo wthokb ma

vnd kcwmxvjlbd ma `xmtlfpjvdx jr j rvmxd ma

axdrnpjvdx vm dlbmtxj`d kcwxmqdf wxmvdbvkml jlfrtrvjkljhod trd

Ajbkokvjvkl` vnd bmtlv{-xd`kmljo xmtlfpjvdxjrrdrrcdlv jlf d~bnjl`d ma klamxcjvkml qkj

rdckljxr/ pmxirnmwr jlf bmladxdlbdr


17/24


[djxr ma xjwkf wmwtojvkml `xmpvn njqd wtv `xdjv

wxdrrtxd ml vnd pmxofr pjvdx xdrmtxbdr vnxmt n

klbxdjrdf pjvdx fdcjlf jlf bmlrtcwvkml jr pdoo jrvnxmt`n vnd wmootvkml xdrtovkl` axmc pjvdx trd, Pkvn vnd

axdztdlb{ jlf qjxkjhkokv{ ma d~vxdcd mmfr bnjl`kl`

hdbjtrd ma txhjlkujvkml jlf ojlf trd bnjl`dr/ vnd

ltchdx ma wdmwod qtoldxjhod vm fdqjrvjvkl` mmfr kr

d~wdbvdf vm xkrd, Vndxdamxd/ fkrjrvdx xkri xdftbvkml

jbvkmlr jxd lddfdf, Vnd kcwjbv ma ojlf#trd bnjl`dr

ml d~vxdcdr kr jl kcwmxvjlv krrtd pkvnkl vnd rdqdlvn

wnjrd ma KNW,

AXKDLF PJVDX JLF VND KCWJBV ML

AOMP XD@KCDR

Vnd Jrkjl Wjbkb AXKDLF Pjvdx `xmtw njr odjxldf

cmxd jhmtv vnd kcwjbv ma txhjlkujvkml ml mmf xkri

vnxmt`n xdrdjxbn ml mmf amxdbjrvkl` wxmhodcr kl

Bnklj/ txhjlkujvkml jlf mmfkl` kl Ejwjl/ mmfkl`

ftd vm xjwkf txhjlkujvkml kl Itjoj Otcwtx/ jlf pjvdx

ztjokv{ cjlj`dcdlv jlf mmfkl` kl Jtrvxjokj,

Bmlrdztdlvo{/ mmf ckvk`jvkml rmotvkmlr amx vnd

jhmqd cdlvkmldf wxmhodcr njqd hddl fdqdomwdf vm

fdbxdjrd mmf fjcj`dr ftd vm txhjlkujvkml, Aommf

amxdbjrvkl` jlf djxo{ pjxlkl` r{rvdcr njqd hddl

drvjhokrndf/ jlf mmf kltlfjvkml cjwr njqd hddlcjfd jqjkojhod amx bkvkdr pkvn vnd cmrv rk`lkbjlv

klbxdjrdr kl txhjl jxdjr,

J xdrdjxbn `xmtw kr pmxikl` ml kfdlvka{kl` vnd xdojvkqd

xmod ma bokcjvkb qjxkjhkokv{ jlf ojlf bmqdx bnjl`d ml

mmfr jlf omp mpr jr j atlbvkml ma rwjvkjo rbjod,

Vnd `xmtw njr rtccjxkudf vnd rvjvd ma vnd jxv ml vnd

rthedbv/ fdqdomwdf id{ rbkdlvkb ztdrvkmlr/ kr vdrvkl`

kvr xdrdjxbn rvxjvd`{ kl NDOW hjrklr jlf jkcr vm

wxmqkfd j xmjf cjw ml nmp vm jffxdrr vndrd krrtdr,

Vnd `xmtw jorm jbvr jr j bjvjo{rv amx cmvkqjvkl`

bmcctlkbjvkml jlf vjx`dvdf xdrdjxbn,

Xdrdjxbn vmwkbr klbotfd5

Jljo{ukl` cdvnmfr vm kfdlvka{ bnjl`dr Ommikl` klvm addfhjbi cdbnjlkrcr Jljo{ukl` `dldxjokujvkml vmmor jlf wmvdlvkjo ma

v{wmom`kdr ma bjvbncdlvr jlf xd`kmlr

Xdrdjxbnkl` vxjlrkvkmljo bokcjvd xd`kcdr Jljo{ukl` bjvbncdlv wxmbdrrdr jlf mp wjvnr Jrrdrrkl` ndvdxm`dldkv{ jlf rbjokl` krrtdr

VND KCWJBV MA OJLF TRD BNJL@DJLF WMWTOJVKML @XMPVN MLPJVDX XDRMTXBDR

BNJL@DR KL OJLF JLF PJVDX TRD WJVVDXLR NJQD RK@LKAKBJLV KCWOKBJVKMLR JV OMBJO/

XD@KMLJO JLF @OMHJO ODQDOR, CMRV WMWTOJVKML @XMPVN PKOO MBBTX KL FDQDOMWKL@

BMTLVXKDR/ CJKLO[ KL XD@KMLR VNJV JXD JOXDJF[ D^WDXKDLBKL@ PJVDX RVXDRR/ PKVN

OKCKVDF JBBDRR VM RJAD FXKLIKL@ PJVDX,


18/24


Amxv{ wdxbdlv ma vnd pmxofr wmwtojvkml fdwdlf ml vnd

pjvdx xdrmtxbdr ma cmxd vnjl 807 vxjlrhmtlfjx{ xkqdx

hjrklr jxmtlf vnd pmxof, Bmlkbvr bjl jxkrd xd`jxfkl`

ztjokv{/ joombjvkml/ klaxjrvxtbvtxd/ emklv cjlj`dcdlv/

kxxk`jvkml jlf mvndx jbvkqkvkdr vnjv jxd pjvdx#fdwdlfdlv,

WBBW5 AXMC WMVDLVKJO BMLAOKBV VM

BMMWDXJVKML WMVDLVKJO

WBBW ajbkokvjvdr

ctovk#odqdo jlf

klvdxfkrbkwokljx{

fkjom`tdr kl mxfdx vm amrvdx wdjbd/ bmmwdxjvkml

jlf fdqdomwcdlv xdojvdf vm vnd cjlj`dcdlv ma

vxjlrhmtlfjx{ pjvdx xdrmtxbdr,

Vnd wxm`xjc jkcr vm jlrpdx vnd amoompkl` ztdrvkmlr5

Nmp fm pd cklkckud bmlkbvkl` dlqkxmlcdlvjo jlfntcjl xdztkxdcdlvr tlfdx bokcjvd bnjl`d vnxdjvr=

Nmp fm pd xdrmoqd bmlkbvr kl vnd hdrv pj{=

Nmp bjl od`jo vmmor jffxdrr vnd bnjoodl`dr ma`omhjo bnjl`d kl vnd bmlvd~v ma vxjlrhmtlfjx{

pjvdx xdrmtxbdr=

WBBW trdr emklv xdrdjxbn jlf vxjklkl` jbvkqkvkdr vm

rtwwmxv bmmwdxjvkml wxmbdrrdr jxmtlf vnd trd ma

rnjxdf pjvdx xdrmtxbdr, Vndrd jbvkqkvkdr mavdl joomp

vnd bmlbdxldf wjxvkdr vm lf mwwmxvtlkvkdr vm dlnjlbd

vndkx ilmpodf`d jhmtv vnd rnjxdf pjvdx xdrmtxbdr/

pnkod jorm jbnkdqkl` wxm`xdrr ml vnd bmmwdxjvkml/

fdqdomwcdlv jlf jfjwvjvkml axmlv/ drwdbkjoo{ kl vnd

bmlvd~v ma bokcjvd bnjl`d vnxdjvr,

Vnd ambtr ma vnd wxm`xjccd kr ml vnd fdqdomwcdlv

ma vmmor pnkbn jlvkbkwjvd/ wxdqdlv jlf xdrmoqd pjvdx

bmlkbvr,

WBBW kr jbvkqd kl vnxdd jxdjr5

Dftbjvkml jlf vxjklkl`5 fdqdomwkl` dftbjvkmljo

cjvdxkjor jv vnd xd`kmljo jlf `omhjo odqdor/ jlf

mx`jlkukl` ctovkfkrbkwokljx{ vxjklkl` bmtxrdr9

Xdrdjxbn5 ambtrkl` ml rtbbdrrato d~jcwodr ma

bmmwdxjvkml/ vnd bjtrdr ma pjvdx bmlkbvr/ hdrv

wxjbvkbdr jr pdoo jr kllmqjvkqd vdbnlkztdr vm cjlj`d

vndc9

Wxmbdrr rtwwmxv5 wxmqkfkl` amxj amx fkjom`td

jlf ilmpodf`d d~bnjl`d ml vxjlrhmtlfjx{ pjvdx

xdrmtxbdr,

VND KCWJBV MA RMBKM#WMOKVKBJOF[LJCKBR ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR

@OMHJO BNJL@D JLF RMBKM#WMOKVKBJO KCWJBVR ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR KLBXDJRD WXDRRTXD

MQDX PJVDX XDRMTXBDR ODJFKL@ VM BMCWDVKVKML JLF DQDL BMLAOKBVR JCML@ TRDXR JLF

RDBVMXR,


19/24


Jffxdrrkl` Bnjoodl`dr kl j Bnjl`kl` jlf Klvdxbmlldbvdf Pmxof

Vnd odrrmlr odjxldf axmc xdrtovr jbnkdqdf ftxkl` vnkr wnjrd ma vnd wxm`xjccd pkoo hd vnd hjrkr amx fdrk`lkl` KNW#QKKK pnkbn pkoo

hdbmcd mwdxjvkmljo kl 87:6, Pkvnkl vnd ldp wnjrd ma KNW/ j n{fxmom`kbjo bnjl`d klkvkjvkqd bmtof rdxqd jr jl tchxdooj amx d~krvkl`

wxm`xjccdr jlf hxkl` vm`dvndx joo jrwdbvr ma òmhjo bnjl`d vm ndow tr hdvvdx tlfdxrvjlf vnd fxkqdxr jlf vndkx kcwjbvr ml pjvdx

xdrmtxbdr,

VND PJ[ AMXPJXF

KCWXMQDF

CMLKVMXKL@5

Cmxd bmcwxdndlrkqd/ klvd`xjvdf jlfjbbtxjvd fjvj kr ldbdrrjx{ amx cjlj`kl`

pjvdx xdrmtxbdr dabkdlvo{, Pjvdx fjvj kr mavdlma wmmx ztjokv{/ drwdbkjoo{ kl fdqdomwkl` bmtlvxkdr,Xjklajoo jlf xtlmaa fjvj bjl hd kljbbtxjvd/ htv vnd`jwr klbxdjrd `xdjvo{ pndl `xmtlfpjvdx jlf rmko

cmkrvtxd jxd bmlrkfdxdf, Bmrv krrtdr kl fdqdomwdf

bmtlvxkdr njqd bxdjvdf wxdrrtxd amx ldvpmxi dxmrkml,

Rmcd krrtdr vm bmlrkfdx kl rdbtxkl` cmxd bmcwodvdpjvdx klamxcjvkml klbotfd vnd jwwxmwxkjvd ldvpmxi

fdrk`l bxkvdxkj amx n{fxmom`kb mhrdxqjvkmlr klvnd bmlvd~v ma òmhjo bnjl`d jlf vnd xmod

vnjv ldp mhrdxqjvkml cdvnmfr rtbnjr xdcmvd rdlrkl` bjl woj{,

JFJWVJVKML

JLF

CJLJ@DCDLV

JWWXMJBNDR5

Jfjwvjvkml jlf cjlj`dcdlv xdztkxd j xd`kmljo mxombjo jwwxmjbn, Vmmor jxd vntr lddfdf vm fkrdlvjlòdvnd daadbvr ma ojlf bmqdx/ bokcjvd bnjl`d/ jlf pjvdxcjlj`dcdlv ml n{fxm#njujxfr, Amx d~jcwod/ cmrv

òjbkdxr jwwdjx vm njqd ld`jvkqd cjrr hjojlbdr òmhjooNmpdqdx/ j rmtlf wxdfkbvkqd hjrkr amx jrrdrrkl` vnd

kcwokbjvkmlr ma vndrd bnjl`dr ml rvxdjc mp xd`kmljoomx òmhjoo{ .jr bmlvxjrvdf pkvn cmfdookl` ma rklòd

òjbkdxr+ jxd ojbikl`,

BJRD

RVTFKDR

AMBTRDF ML @OMHJO

VM OMBJO JBVKML5

Vndxd kr j lddf vm fdqdomw j bnjl`d jrrdrrcdlvjlf wxdfkbvkml klkvkjvkqd kl bmletlbvkml pkvn j

wmokb{ axjcdpmxi kl mxfdx vm fdqdomw hdvvdx wmokb{xdbmccdlfjvkmlr amx òmhjo n{fxmom`kb bnjl`d jfjwvjvkml,

Bjrd rvtfkdr kl j ojx`d xkqdx hjrkl ambtrdf ml òmhjo vmombjo jbvkml pmtof wxmqkfd j hjrkr amx jl klvd`xjvdf wxmedbv

fxjpkl` òmhjo xdrdjxbndxr axmc xdodqjlv fkrbkwokldr vmfdqdomw jlf fdcmlrvxjvd jl dlf#vm#dlf xdrdjxbn jlf

jfjwvjvkml rvxjvd`{, Vnd xkqdx hjrkl rnmtof hd kl jnk`no{ qtoldxjhod jxdj kl pnkbn vnd axdrnpjvdxxdrmtxbdr mx njujxf kcwjbvr jxd okido{ vm hd

rdqdxd kl vnd ldjx vm ckf#vdxc, Vndxdrnmtof hd wmrrkhkokvkdr amx bmoodbvkqd

jbvkml jlf odjxlkl`,


20/24

VND KCWJBV MA @OMHJO BNJL@D ML PJVDX XDRMTXBDR5 VND XDRWM LRD MA TLDR BMR KLVDXL JVKMLJO N[FXMOM@[ W XM@XJCCD:>S

NMP PD PMXI

TLDRBMr pjvdx ajcko{ mwdxjvdr jr j `omhjo ldvpmxi vnjv pmxir vm`dvndx vmkcwodcdlv vnd mx`jlkujvkmlr rvxjvd`kb mjor,

TLDRBM nmrvr vnd KNW Rdbxdvjxkjv jlf wxmqkfdr rddf atlfkl`

vnjv kr ctovkwokdf cjl{ vkcdr mqdx vnxmt`n bmmwdxjvkml pkvn

kcwodcdlvkl` wjxvldxr, KNW kr vnd mlo{ klvdx`mqdxlcdlvjo

wxm`xjccd ma vnd TL r{rvdc fdqmvdf vm pjvdx xdrdjxbn/ pjvdx

xdrmtxbdr cjlj`dcdlv/ dftbjvkml jlf bjwjbkv{ htkofkl`, Vnd

KNW Rdbxdvjxkjv rdxqdr TLDRBMr :;2 Cdchdx Rvjvdr/ vnxmt`n

vnd KNW Ljvkmljo Bmcckvvddr/ mvndx `mqdxlcdlvjo hmfkdr/ jlf

jbjfdckb jlf xdrdjxbn klrvkvtvkmlr kl vnd kcwodcdlvjvkml ma vnd

wxm`xjccd,

TLDRBM#KNDKlrvkvtvd amx Pjvdx Dftbjvkml jl klvd`xjo wjxv ma TLDRBM kr vnddftbjvkmljo jxc,

Vpdlv{#rk~ j`dlbkdr ma vnd TL r{rvdc bmmwdxjvd vnxmt`n vnd Pmxof Pjvdx JrrdrrcdlvWxm`xjccd .PPJW+ vm wxmqkfd jl ml`mkl` `omhjo jrrdrrcdlv ma vnd rvjvd ma vnd pmxofr

axdrnpjvdx xdrmtxbdr, Vnd wxm`xjccd kr nmrvdf jlf odf h{ TLDRBM,

TLDRBMr Xd`kmljo jlf Botrvdx Mabdr jrrkrv kl vnd kcwodcdlvjvkml ma KNW kl vnd xd`kmlr, Pjvdx#xdojvdf Klrvkvtvdr jlf Bdlvxdr tlfdx vnd jtrwkbdr ma TLDRBM pmxi ml xdodqjlv

vndcjvkb jlf `dm`xjwnkb wxkmxkvkdr kl vndkx jxdjr ma d~wdxvkrd, Rklbd Cdchdx Rvjvdr njqd xdjokudf

vnd wmvdlvkjo ma vndrd bdlvxdr/ vnd ldvpmxi njr hddl xjwkfo{ d~wjlfkl`,

TLDRBMr Pjvdx#xdojvdf Bnjkxr jxd drvjhokrndf jr vdjbnkl` mx xdrdjxbn wmrkvkmlr jvtlkqdxrkvkdr mx xdrdjxbn klrvkvtvdr jxmtlf vnd pmxof,


21/24

KLVDXLJVKMLJO N[FXMOM@KBJO WXM@XJCCD Y:;


22/24


JBXML[CR

BNXR Bdlvdx amx N{fxmcdvdmxmom`{ jlfXdcmvd Rdlrkl`

AXKDLF Aomp Xd`kcdr axmc KlvdxljvkmljoD~wdxkcdlvjo jlf Ldvpmxi Fjvj

@DMR @omhjo Djxvn Mhrdxqjvkml Rdbvkml

@DRV @omhjo Dqjotjvkml ma RdfkcdlvVxjlrwmxv

@DPD^ @omhjo Dldx`{ jlf Pjvdx B{bodD~wdxkcdlv

@XJWNKB @xmtlfpjvdx Xdrmtxbdr Jrrdrrcdlvtlfdx vnd Wxdrrtxdr ma Ntcjlkv{ jlf

Bokcjvd Bnjl`d@#PJFK @omhjo Ldvpmxi ml Pjvdx jlf

Fdqdomwcdlv Klamxcjvkml kl JxkfOjlfr

@PDR @xmtlfpjvdx amx Dcdx`dlb{Rkvtjvkmlr

@PRW @omhjo Pjvdx R{rvdcr Wxmedbv

NDOW N{fxmom`{ amx Dlqkxmlcdlv/ Okad jlfWmokb{

KJNR Klvdxljvkmljo Jrrmbkjvkml maN{fxmom`kbjo Rbkdlbdr

KBNJXC Klvdxljvkmljo Bdlvxd amx Pjvdx Njujxfrjlf Xkri Cjlj`dcdlv

KBKPjXC Klvdxljvkmljo Bdlvdx amx Klvd`xjvdfPjvdx Xdrmtxbd Cjlj`dcdlv

KAK Klvdxljvkmljo Aommf Klkvkjvkqd

K@XJB Klvdxljvkmljo @xmtlfpjvdx XdrmtxbdrJrrdrrcdlv Bdlvxd

KNW Klvdxljvkmljo N{fxmom`kbjo Wxm`xjccd

KWBB Klvdx`mqdxlcdlvjo Wjldo ml BokcjvdBnjl`d

KRFX Klvdxljvkmljo Rvxjvd`{ amx FkrjrvdxXdftbvkml

KRK Klvdxljvkmljo Rdfkcdlv Klkvkjvkqd

KT@R Klvdxljvkmljo Tlkml ma @dmom`kbjoRbkdlbdr

L@M Lml#@mqdxlcdlvjo Mx`jlkujvkmlr

WBBW Axmc Wmvdlvkjo Bmlkbv vm BmmwdxjvkmlWmvdlvkjo

TL Tlkvdf Ljvkmlr

TLDRBM Tlkvdf Ljvkmlr Dftbjvkmljo/ Rbkdlvkbjlf Btovtxjo Mx`jlkujvkml

TLT Tlkvdf Ljvkmlr Tlkqdxrkv{

TLT#

DNR Tlkvdf Ljvkmlr Tlkqdxrkv{ Klrvkvtvd amxDlqkxmlcdlv jlf Ntcjl Rdbtxkv{

PJVBN Pjvdx jlf @omhjo Bnjl`d

PCM Pmxof Cdvdmxmom`kbjo Mx`jlkujvkml

PPJW Pmxof Pjvdx Jrrdrrcdlv Wxm`xjccd

PPFX Pmxof Pjvdx Fdqdomwcdlv Xdwmxv


23/24

VD^V JFJWVDF H[HMUDLJ HOK^

@XJWNKB FDRK@L JLF WXMFTBVKMLCN FDRK@L - CJXM NJJR

WXKLVDF H[RVKWJ Vnkr fmbtcdlv kr wxklvdf ml :77$ xdb{bodf wjwdx,

AXMLV BMQDX

Jdxkjo wnmvmr m jxbvkb vtlfxj pdvojlfr

rntvvdxrvmbi - @dmx`d HtxhjZHmjvr kl

Wminjxj Ldwjo Adpj Ojid rntvvdxrvmbi

- Bjxomr LdvmZAommf jadbvdf bnkofxdl

djv rljbi pkvn vdj jv mmf xdokd bjcwdrvjhokrndf jv Xjuujzjhjf jxdj kl Ijxjbnk

ml Vtdrfj{/ Jt`trv 2:/ 87 :7 rntvvdxrvmbi -

Jrkjldv#Wjikrvjl Xkupjl Jok-WWK Kcj`dr

WJ@D :

@xddl rtll{ dof rntvvdxrvmbi - Rjlvkj`m

Bmxldem

WJ@D 8

Hm{ fxkqdr j hkid kl fdrdxv rntvvdxrvmbi -

lcdfkj

WJ@D 2

Bxmpfdf rvxddv rbdld xmc Mof Fdonk/

Klfkj rntvvdxrvmbi - Edxdc{XkbnjxfrZ

Bkv{ nk`npj{r/ Hjl`imi/Vnjkojlf/ RD Jrkj

rntvvdxrvmbi - Qojfkckx ImodvkbZ

J wmmxrvxddvrkfd kxo nmofkl` ndx vmffodx hxmvndx/

kl Klfkj rntvvdxrvmbi - vndaljockxjbod

ZBmlvxjrv m vnd Wmqdxv{ jlf Pdjovn kl

Rjoqjfmx m Hjnkj/ Hxjuko rntvvdxrvmbi -

Qklkbktr VtwkljchjZHtxlkl` wkld lddfodr kl

vnd mxdrv rntvvdxrvmbi - Mod` Fmodlim

WJ@D 6

Pdjx{ kcck`xjlvr ml j rnkl` hmjv

klvdxbdwvdf h{ vnd Rwjlkrn bmjrv`tjxf ma

vnd krojlf m Vdldxkd/ Eto{#Mbvmhdx 8770

TLNBX - J, Xmfx`tduZ@jxhj`d wkodf tw

ml vnd bmjrv m vnd mbdjl rntvvdxrvmbi

- Bmu{vjZAommf Hxkrhjld Ztddlrojlf

fdbojxdf ljvtxjo fkrjvdx Ejltjx{ :8/ 87::

kl Hxkrhjld/ Jtrvxjokj rntvvdxrvmbi -

jlfdrk`l:7:ZHojbi womt`ndf dof tlfdx

hotd ri{ rntvvdxrvmbi - C{bmoj ZCklkl` kl

vnd ztjxx{ rntvvdxrvmbi - ~vxdi~

WJ@D 4

Aommf/ wmqdxv{ ikfr woj{kl` rntvvdxrvmbi

- Fkrvklbvkqd Kcj`drZFdjf Vxddr kl vnd

mxdrv jxmtlf j ojid pkvn omp pjvdx odqdor

rntvvdxrvmbi - Rvdwndl Hmli

WJ@D 1

Nkoor m RjWj Qkdvljc rntvvdxrvmbi - Wnkokw

FjvdZ Vnd qkdp ml vnd Ommvdl krojlfr/

Lmxpj{ rntvvdxrvmbi - Jlkojn

WJ@D 0

Rmokvjx{ vxdd mmfdf ml rdj pjvdx

rntvvdxrvmbi - Dfpkl QdxklZ J bnkof bjxxkdr

nmtrdnmof kvdcr pnkod wjrrkl` vnxmt`n

vnd xthhod m nmtrdr ml Jt`trv 8;/ 87:7 kl

Lmprndxj/ vnd nmcdr pdxd fdrvxm{df h{

mmf pjvdxr rntvvdxrvmbi - Jrkjldv#Wjikrvjl

WJ@D >

Fdjf vxdd jlf xmbir kl jxkf ojlfrbjwd

rntvvdxrvmbi - Rtujlld Oml` Z Wmmx cmvndx

pkvn hjh{ hd``kl` kl vnd rvxddvr m Ldp

Fdonk/ Klfkj rntvvdxrvmbi - Fnm~j~

WJ@D ;

Ojid Rjxdu/ Vjekikrvjl TLDRBM - J, Ckrnxj

WJ@D :7

Cjl fxklikl` pjvdx xmc vjli/ Rmtvn Klfkj

rntvvdxrvmbi - Wjto WxdrbmvvZPmcjl pkvn

pjvdx et`/ Xjejrvnjl/ Klfkj rntvvdxrvmbi -

Ijkojrn I RmlkZ Bjchmfkjl kxo wtcwkl`

pjvdx klvm j hjrkl rntvvdxrvmbi - Kxklj

Mqbnkllkimqj

WJ@D ::

Rmko dxmrkml rntvvdxrvmbi - Ldko Hxjfadof

WJ@D :8

Klfkjl wdmwod pmxi jv Fnmhk @njv klCtchjk ml Lmqdchdx 4/ 877;, Fnmhk @njv

kr vnd pmxofr ojx`drv mtvfmmx ojtlfx{,

rntvvdxrvmbi - Ejl R,

WJ@D :2

Ndxf m udhxj jv Cjrjk Cjxj Idl{j

rntvvdxrvmbi - Dxkb Krrdod Z K`tjlj kl

ntckf vxmwkbjo dlqkxmlcdlv m Jcjumlkj

rntvvdxrvmbi - Ljvjokj Cjbndfj

WJ@D :6

Jdxkjo wnmvmr m jxbvkb vtlfxj pdvojlfr

rntvvdxrvmbi - @dmx`d HtxhjZ J okvvod

Ldwjodrd wmxvdx kl vnd Nkcjoj{j ml

Lmqdchdx 87/ 877; kl @mxinj Fkrvxkbv/ Ldwjo

rntvvdxrvmbi - UuqdvZ@xmtw m pmxidxr

xdwjkxdf pjvdx wkwd rntvvdxrvmbi - Ckinjko

Mo{ijkldlZ Bjrbjfd joor mqdx cmrr{ xmbir rntvvdxrvmbi - FqjlfdZ Klod Ojid ftxkl`

cmlrmml rdjrml, Klod Ojid kr j xdrnpjvdx

ojid ombjvdf kl vnd Rnjl Nkoor kl C{jlcjx

rntvvdxrvmbi- Fkxi Mvv

WJ@D :4

Hmjvr kl Wminjxj Ldwjo Adpj Ojid

rntvvdxrvmbi - Bjxomr Ldvm

WJ@D :1

Aommf jadbvdf pmcdl jvndx mx mmf xdokd

jv j fkrvxkhtvkml jxdj pkvnkl j xdokd bjcw ml

Jt`trv 8>/ 87:7 kl N{fdxjhjf rntvvdxrvmbi

- Jrkjldv#Wjikrvjl

WJ@D :0

Aommf rntvvdxrvmbi - Fjlkdo OmxdvvmZ Bnkof

m vnd Omhk dvnlkb xmtw Jt`trv :8/ 877; kl

@jmtj/ Htxiklj Ajrm rntvvdxrvmbi - Ndbvmx

BmldrjZ Jxc{ mbkjor xdrbtd j cjl xmc

vnd mmf nkv jxdj qkj ndokbmwvdx ml Jt`trv

8>/ 87:7 kl Rtiitx rntvvdxrvmbi - Jrkjldv#

Wjikrvjl

WJ@D :>

Fxkdf ojlf ldjx Hxkrhjld rntvvdxrvmbi

- ^kcj`kljvkmlZ Wmxvxjkv m vpm mxinjr

bnkofxdl kl ljvkmljo bomvndr ml Fdbdchdx :

877; kl @mxinj Fkrvxkbv/ Ldwjo rntvvdxrvmb

- Uuqdv

WJ@D :;

Ljq{ mbkjor dqjbtjvd mmf jadbvdf wdmw

pkvn vnd ndow m nmqdxbxjv jv Hdnxjc Idvk

ml Jt`trv 88/ 87:7 kl vnd Vnjvvj Fkrvxkbv,

rntvvdxrvmbi - Jrkjldv#Wjikrvjl Jvjh Jncd

-WWK Kcj`drZ Aommf#jadbvdf bnkofxdl oo

vndkx pjvdx wmvr jv fxklikl` pjvdx vjlir ml

Jt`trv 27/ 87:7 kl N{fdxjhjf rntvvdxrvmb

- Jrkjldv#WjikrvjlZ Vti#vti vj~k ljqk`jvkl`

vnxmt`n vnd mmf jvdx vnd ndjqkdrv

cmlrmml xjkl kl 87 {djxr kl vnd bjwkvjo

ml Jt`trv :6/ 877; kl Hjl`imi/ Vnjkojlf

rntvvdxrvmbi - Vnmx Emx`dl Tfqjl`

HJBI BMQDX

Hjovkb bmjrv pkvn dxmfdf hdjbn jlf ojlfrokf

jvdx rvmxc rntvvdxrvmbi - Jxq{fjr Ilkti

WNMVMR


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Impacto del Cambio Global sobre los Recursos Hidricos

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Transcript of Impacto del Cambio Global sobre los Recursos Hidricos