Identidad y Construccion Cultural Paisaje

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Rafael P. Curtoni and Mnica A. Bern

Introdution

Th m h cc b hm h

c m wh h vm c h c, wh ccc, b wh c ( 1977). T c h cv c b b w c c c. I h m, cc c c m c , wh c h w v, mc m ( 1994). R h ccz hh m h cq m hxm/c consciousness hb c c c h c (G 1994, et al. 1997). I h , h cz h c hhh c mmz bjc c cc c hchc / z c c.T ccz c mmb , mm-wk, whch m c k b hccm v m (Sh 1991, Kch1993). Lkw, h q h xc cvb h w h c v (H 1999, R k1999). T, c wh h m c hh m cb v c c, m bq c h vv. I h w, h c c m, mc c v hc c chcc m whchm wh, , v cc c c bm ( 1977). T bjcv h c h c

b whch, c c, h-h b cc wh c h ccm c, m, v hh m. ch hm, chc m m h Lh C h, hw c h Pm , A (F 1) z, hcmb h c ck , mm chc, -Hc cm c hc chcc h c.

T mj h c m z h cc v v c, whchcv h h c h Lh C h, c w m(qb) w v c V L P V Nmc. T v c h mj h ck h ; c v mh, z


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Pereption, Identity and Meaning in te Soial and Ritual Constrution of Landsape: ...

c; chc h hv m -Hc cm m 700 (B 2004).

Figure 1: Location map o the Lihu Calel area.

Figura 1: Mapa con ubicacin del rea de Lihu Calel

Araeology and landsape

I v c h h b cb c hz h c cc chc ch mv h w (G 1989, B 1991, R W 1992, B 1993, 1994, Hch 1995, C 1999,M 1999, Uck L 1999). I , mhc hc xm w v LcAch. O h h, h h h z mcch mhz h c h hc chcc whch

hv m h vm. Ebh m h S Ach C Ec, whch c m h c m h (Rb 1987, McG 1995). O h h h, h h hc c hmc mbc


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vw, b h bjcv xc hh hc m. Am h ch h hmc hmc , w m v c c Sc Lc (Tm 1993, 1994, Kk 1997, B1998). T c b c xm , cv mh mc v h c m-hmcm. Cc, h v h b m h chcc h chm h c-cch. I h bjcv h wk x h c, k h cmx q cv v

c ch, h h wk h h m h (R W 1992, B1993, Cmch et al. 1994, Mch 1994, Hch O H 1995,Ahm K 1999, M 1999, Uck L 1999, Achzet al. 2001, Dv Tm 2008, Nh Ch 2008, mh).

I h hc cc ch h cc c h b ckw w,

wh whch w, m cc, h hc chcc m v (Tm 2001). Lc c b cz bjc, xc h c cc c, cm m c, hc, c c h hv c c w ccz (Hch 1995). I m v, c w chcz c c c bh bjcc c c mch m mbc (C1999). T c h mm cqc c cc, mc ch wh mbm, c b h vhh mm vc v c, m b c v mc, ckw mch h h (I 1993, 1994, Mh 1995). I h ,h c h b c c mcchc jc w mvc w ccz

bh c m b c (B et al. 2007). O hh h, m ch hv cc h mc h c x wh c m c chc h (B 2002). L c c b h bw c m c whch m cc c m hc cc b, w b h w.


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I h w c h c cz c hhh mm, bjcv h c c cc wh h wh h c. Mm h cz cc c mmc c c ( 1994, R k 1999). T m v h cc m z, cc. Tc cc mz c c c cb strengthen . T m/c w h ccz h h mm, ch c c, m c h c/c

mh c, c, (B 1991, 1994, Mh1995). Fm h, c c h cc xm h cm mvm, -bh wh h m cmb hc wh mm, m m h m c (B 1991, Hb 1994, 1996).

e araeologial landsape of liu alel

Fm hhc vw, h Lh C m h mc c Sh H h Pm (SPm M). T cv h Lh C C,h h h Uc C h h Cc C, h h h vc L Pm (B2004, B et al. 2007). T Lh C h h mm hc chcc h vc b x

, c bw h m 64 45 66 LW h 37 30 38 30 LS. T mxmm hh h Lh Ch 589 m. T cm h wh cc m b m (F 2). A h w hhc m w b (C 1980).


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Figure 2: Panoramic view o Lihu Calel hills.

Figura 2: Visin panormica de las Sierras de Lihu Calel.

A h c h jc hN Pk Am (APN). T Lh C N Pk(PNLC) h x m 10,000 h. M h k c h h, xm 15 km b 7 km w, wh v h whch c c w. I hh cc b wh c. I mhb h bhm hm m vb mccm h

h h jc , h b c mhc bc m. T h cb h m w m mm m.

Fm chc h v hLh C Pk w c ch whch h m c h ck w (Schzk 1954) wc v chc (Z Cmq

1967). I 1975, G cb w m h v ck m wh h vc L Pm, whch m hmwh m Lh C. G h m m h mv, hm chc (G1975). Rc 1993 v h Pk mc v w k, h m h


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chc c (M 1994, B 1997, mm B C 2002, B et al. 2002). A h ccv, 48 chc w c h m hPNLC, w h c . Am h cv h N Pk, 14 c ck , 11 cz hc, 17 -Hc , x b c.O h Pk m h -Hc hc q (L M Cb), -Hc (L Rq).K m h v hv , m 1998 2006, xcv w c h Chq 1, c h

hw c h Pk ( h B et al. 2000, 2002).T w h h c h Pk wh cm ch h L C, w cc m c ck (m Sc 1 2), ck, h E Dm ( wh ck ).

Sacred space and mortuary rituals: the Chenque 1 site

T Chq 1 m c c hmm w h c h h h V L P. Tmm c wh b m ccm. T cm b c c ck; xm cc m, c , wh x 16.70 m h h 12.60 m w (210.42 m2). Wh h c h xm cc c b c, whch w ch b v v. T , 49 m2 h

b xcv, whch c m 23 c h cmc c.

T chc c xhb hh vb, ch bm, h chc h b v (ch bh x). T w -Hc mcv. V c cc hv b cv (ckc v m, mc m, h hc ). T mmmmb v b 216, hh h v mbv h h jm h mcv h h xcv hv b c (Mch, M Dcmb 2006). T m m h v h v h hv b b h (B et al. 2007, L 2008).


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T cmb m c, k h c , c w h c mb, h wh cwk c mch h c hc m mbc x ch ck- m mk, c cb h c c. T b h c v bh k, mz h c m , cm c , mz wk xc . T c b cc (m mv b) w h b cc c b c h

bhv. T c h h hc m c hm , h hv b h m, mh ckwm m / c w hb h h whm c h mv. Acc h , ch h h b (cc c) h cc (c), h c m, b c. T , h Chq 1 c cb h, b c m m

b b m w b , h mv vb, h mv m (Let al. 2004).

I h c h Chq 1 , h h m b c hv cb c c c m , mv b cmc q, b b ccmc b, c xch , , m, kw, w. I chcz b m- vm, h mc c h cc c v kw-hw h m mh h hk h cb h z (B 2004).

Bk Ch (1999) h h cm c h hck mm h , vc hm h c, c bv h cmm b m z bwh h k, h v h hh , m whch hc c c h w h v. C h w c

m h h Chq 1 c c, h w b. Hv h m, w cc mc v c bc vb. U c h chcc h c cc h h Hc h vc L Pm, w bv hmc h h , h m -Hc


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cz mc- c (B, 1989/90, B Pz 2002). Fm h, h c vb ch x, , m h b, c m ch h b-chcc h 4500 h h-c c L Pm, m c h c w h (P1 P2),hh h cxc h h , h cm h h cc h m c h h 1000 (.. h Lh C cm) (B 2007). Bh m c h c mk c, h m wh m h c h w

cz v , h , h v mb, v cv , m h v h c (B 2007b). m zm h b m h 20 14C Rcb c b h , c h w mwh c bw 1050 320 AP1. Hwv h h h cm c. 300 (bw 700 435 AP)h m mch wh cm c v

h (S 1994). T c c c wh whw m h b wh h cm, h mv jc m w c, whch h hv b c mb ch P A L P, x h CRv L Ch 1, wh ch cv hh h Chq I (500-450 AP, 500-300 AP 476 80 AP cv) (B et al. 1997, Mz F 2000, Mz et al. 2006). m , , cmc cmc

ccmc w hv c h ccv v b / h h cm, c b v hcchc h .

Te sacredness o space

T m c chc v hv b cc h hw c h Lh C N Pk. I h c

c 3 km (h h) b 2 km w, whch c hV L P, hc chcc, mm/ c mk c cc cmb m c v c. T cm h Chq 1 c hw c h Pk w c.T h cm w h w, wh h , c b


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cc mbc h , wh mc c ( 1994).

Lkw, w m b, h Chq m h h c h xm h h h v h b z h c w h V LP. T v c v h wh m w, m, h ck c: h A P h c h v, h Dm xm h(wh cb ), ck w wh m . I h Chq , m

500 m h h k hh h, mcc cw b wh c ck c (F 3). T h xm x 9 m x 7 m x cc, h cck b 2.10 m x 1.10 m 0.53 m hh. T c (E1) h /w wh h Chq h-h wh h c c c m 3km h h (E2). T h c (E2) h w m (qb) h b h h v

h -w wh h E Dm, whch cck (F 4). T h-h m bw h E1 E2 h b w c, ch x h v h mvm m c w h h vw, v h h v c b h h h (F 5).


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Figure 3: View o the structure one (E 1) and the chenque in the ar end (at the arrows point).

Figura 3: Vista de la Estructura uno (E1) y del chenque al ondo (donde seala la fecha).

T ck h E Dm w b G h 1970 (G 1975) hh w h q , h cm mv bvb hwk. I cm ccc cc cc b h wh w cc . T E Dm c h xmh w m (qb) h w h hV L P, wh h A P ,

wh h q ck h Pk cc. I , cv v, h h mv h Dm cb mk h h whch h h h Chq . T cc c b mbz hcv v h x h h h, h ccc ccm h c w h x h. T x xm h cmx w w, v c c hh m.


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Figure 4: View o the structure two (E 2). At bottom the El Dolmen site (at thearrows point).

Figura 4: Vista de la estructura dos (E2). Al ondo sitio El Dolmen (donde seala la fecha).

T c E1 E2 hv b xcv, b mxm hv hv b c w m mvm ck; vh wh , h mk c cc . Hwv, h cx h c c b h bh c c k mbc mk. Nm, h

c b c mmc ; c h c h c c vv m c w. Bh c h w hh h, c cv hc h h h v, whch vb ch m c. I m m, h hc c h ck mv c b h cc mb h c w wh h xcv wh h vm. I h w, h cc h

h-h h cm h m mk wh , h wh, b (h 1977), h h mz c hh h wh/ h c, c m c h cz c h c hh m (Mh 1995, Pc et al. 1998, C1999).


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Figure 5: View, rom the interior o Las Pinturas Valley, o the structure one (E 1) onthe small hill at bottom (at the arrows point).

Figura 5: Vista, desde el interior del Valle de Las Pinturas, de la estructura uno (E 1)sobre el cerro pequeo del ondo (donde seala la fecha).

Te socialization o the landscape

I , c b h h c c c,v m h hm c h b x m/c (Hch 1995). T m h h c, c, m

-x h v b c ccz b. Ih w, hh h cc h c c b h w c c ( 1994). T h c mh xw b q wh m, b z h v b x hh h cc (G 1994). T cc c cz mh cv vm b bhm. T c m c b h c c m

h c whch wk b m h bjc .O b mz, q hh h czc cm b h (G 1994: 80).


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Acc, h cz h c hh h ccc mm / bjcv c / hch h c c whch c c h v h ch hm. I h cx, c wh h cq vc.Lkw, h c ccm (stone arrangements)c h c mk h c c, hh m w m h cv b v. Am h h,h c mc c h w c h c kw h c/c whch c

( 1994, G 2000, M et al. 2000, c, 2004). Tchcc cj wh h c, h ck hc m h c, c c c cb c v, c, mv wh hm (1996).

Final onsiderations

T cc mmz h c xc cv c, h wh hc m, c m b x c cz c hhm. T c, m h mk x, c b m,bjc, / mz hh , c, cc ,h b h mk m mm h. T hc m, h c m c c mmc vc bh, h v h c

cc c cc, w h hh c b h cc. Th h c c mk h c h - mc h h ch h v/c h v . T mm, c hc cc, c mc b. T h cc c, cz m, - (G 1994, et al.1997). T ck , hm b, c, hv

m chc h b h m, h h h c h mh, h h h h b vc h cm m. T , h mm v b ( mm), b ccv cmb b h c wh


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b m h chcc h c, b h hmm, hc .

T vz h cc c m c c c, wh hchc c wh w c. I h , h v c hcc, c, m h chc c mmcw h c c mm-wk (R k 1999). I h , h Lh C h c h mm cm h c. N h ch bc v c bc m- vm, b

h c b h vz m c, c c h . Sch c c hm h c h c wh m, whch , c m bw h c c c. I ,h c b x h c wh c cm ch xc q w m, , , ck , h c b cv b / c z(C 1999, 2000; Bm 2006, Mzz 2006). T h c

c cz c h c v b (Lv 1998) h c hh c w (Mh 1995).

T, c c b c c cc c h c cc c cx (1994). T c m chm w m ch c b cc b h c hm wh

c . I Lh C h m hv cc c c h c h h x hhh c, h cm, h ck . T c chq c cv c, w mw w c, whch h b mk b h mm z c, h b z h m ( B et al. 2000, 2002). T c h cz c m h cc (w

h m c) m wh h m, h cc mm/mk (b c ), h xcv h ck , h c c/m hhc . I h m jc h c c c b h c, xc, h hbc hc hh mc hh m


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v hm ( 1994). T Lh C h, mhc , c w m wh hhm bh wh wh h cb h wh h c. T c hvb x c hh h c c h c, h m , h c c hcc c.

Acknowledgments: W w wh hk D R h wh h h . F h Dcc C vc L Pm h wh h ch,

h wh c h wk.

Notes

1 T b (Nmb 30) 1680 25 (UGAMS 7437) h hm v, b cm.

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