Guia sobre seguridad y privacidad en el Comercio Electrónico - INTECO

8/8/2019 Guia sobre seguridad y privacidad en el Comercio Electrnico - INTECO

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Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gmgi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ^oemb 2 `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem

FD[GTSBPFTEF @G IB [GOWTE@B@ @G IB EMCFTABKEM


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Gèkem: Gmgtf 4>2>

Gi Em{pepwpf Mbkefmbi `g Pgkmfifob{ `g ib Kfawmekbkem (EMPGKF%) {fkeg`b` g{pbpbib`{ktepb bi Aeme{pgtef `g Em`w{pteb) Pwte{af u Kfagtkef b ptbs{ `g ib [gktgpbtb `g G{pb`f `gPgigkfawmekbkefmg{ u ~btb ib [fkeg`b` `g ib Emcftabkem) g{ wmb ~ibpbcftab ~btb gi `g{bttfiif`g ib [fkeg`b` `gi Kfmfkeaegmpf b ptbs{ `g ~tfugkpf{ `gi adepf `g ib emmfsbkem u ibpgkmfifob-

Ib ae{em `g EMPGKF g{ b~ftpbt sbift g emmfsbkem b if{ kew`b`bmf{) b ib{ ~uag{) b ib{Bàeme{ptbkefmg{ ^diekb{ u bi {gkpft `g ib{ pgkmfifob{ `g ib emcftabkem) b ptbs{ `gi`g{bttfiif `g ~tfugkpf{ rwg kfmptedwubm b tgcftzbt ib kfmcebmzb gm if{ {gtsekef{ `g ib [fkeg`b``g ib Emcftabkem gm mwg{ptf ~b{) ~tfafsegm`f b`ga{ wmb imgb `g ~btpeke~bkemempgtmbkefmbi- ^btb giif) EMPGKF `g{bttfiibt bkpwbkefmg{ gm ib{ {eowegmpg{ imgb{ g{ptbpoekb{:[gowte`b` Pgkmfioekb) Bkkg{edeie`b`) Kbie`b` PEK u Cftabkem-

Gi Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem (hpp~:&&fd{gtsbpftef-empgkf-g{% {g em{gtpb`gmptf `g ib imgb g{ptbpoekb `g bkpwbkem `g EMPGKF gm abpgteb `g [gowte`b` Pgkmfioekb){egm`f wm tgcgtgmpg mbkefmbi g empgtmbkefmbi bi {gtsekef `g if{ kew`b`bmf{) ga~tg{b{) ubàeme{ptbkefmg{ g{~bfib{ ~btb `g{ktedet) bmbiezbt) b{g{ftbt u ècwmèt ib kwipwtb `g ib{gowte`b` u ib kfmcebmzb `g ib [fkeg`b` `g ib Emcftabkem-

A{ emcftabkem: -empgkf-g{

http://observatorio.inteco.es/http://www.inteco.es/http://www.inteco.es/http://www.inteco.es/http://observatorio.inteco.es/


3/37

M@EKG

M@EKG-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------; 2 EMPTF@WKKEM U @BPF[ [FDTG KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF------74 DGMGCEKEF[ U F^FTPWME@B@G[ @GI KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 4-2 SGMPBJB[ @GI KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF---------------------------------------------------54-4 EMKFMSGMEGMPG[ @GI KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF ------------------------------------2>

; CFTAB[ @G KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF-----------------------------------------24;-2 D4K: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B KIEGMPG --------------------------------------------------24;-4 D4D: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B GA^TG[B------------------------------------------------24;-; D4G: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B [W[ PTBDBJB@FTG[----------------------------24;-0 D4D4K: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B GA^TG[B U B KIEGMPG[------------------24

0 KWA^IEAEGMPF MFTABPESF------------------------------------------------------------2;0-2 ^TG[PBKEM @G [GTSEKEF[ @G KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF --------------------2;0-4 ^TFPGKKEM @G @BPF[---------------------------------------------------------------------------------200-; @GCGM[B @G KFM[WAE@FTG[ U W[WBTEF[-----------------------------------------------27

7 BAGMBZB[ GXE[PGMPG[ GM GI KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF-------237-2 ^HE[HEMO-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 7-4 K@EOF[ ABIEKEF[F[ !ABI_BTG! -------------------------------------------------------------287-; FPTF[ PE^F[ @G BAGMBZB[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------28

3 HGTTBAEGMPB[ @G ^TFPGKKEM U [GOWTE@B@ GM GIKFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF----------------------------------------------------------------------42

3-2 APF@F[ [GOWTF[ @G ^BOF ^FT EMPGTMGP------------------------------------------423-4 ^B[F[ ^BTB TGBIEZBT WMB KFA^TB [GOWTB ---------------------------------------4;

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ^oemb ; `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


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? [GIIF[ @G KFMCEBMZB--------------------------------------------------------------------;>?-2 KAF [G SGTECEKB [E IB GA^TG[B [G GMKWGMPTB B@HGTE@B B WM[GIIF @G KFMCEBMZB6---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;>

8 @M@G U KFAF TGKIBABT [E IB KFA^TB MF G[[BPE[CBKPFTEB----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;2

8-2 TGKIBABKEM BMPG GI [GTSEKEF ^F[PSGMPB @G IB GA^TG[B ---------;28-4 TGKIBABKEM BMPG IB GMPE@B@ OG[PFTB @GI [GIIF @G KFMCEBMZB

;48-; TGKIBABKEM BMPG IB[ B@AEME[PTBKEFMG[ @G KFM[WAFKFA^GPGMPG[------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;; 8-0 TGKIBABKEM BMPG IF[ [E[PGAB[ BTDEPTBIG[ @G KFM[WAF---------;08-7 [E[PGAB JW@EKEBI-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;78-3 TGKIBABKEFMG[ GM GI GXPTBMJGTF -------------------------------------------------------;78-? GM KB[F @G CTBW@G--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;7


5/37

2 EMPTF@WKKEM U @BPF[ [FDTG KFAGTKEF

GIGKPTMEKF

If{ kbadef{ ogmgtb`f{ gm if{ hdepf{ `g if{ kfm{wae`ftg{

`gde`f b ib emkft~ftbkem `g Empgtmgp hbm ~gtaepe`f

g{pbdigkgt mwgsb{ tgibkefmg{ gmptg w{wbtef{ u sgm`g`ftg{

agèbmpg gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf-

[em gadbtof) giif hb {w~wg{pf mwgsf{ tgpf{ ~btb if{

kfm{wae`ftg{ rwg b`rwegtgm degmg{ u kfmptbpbm {gtsekef{ b

ptbs{ `g ib Tg`) `gde`f cwm`bagmpbiagmpg b rwg ib{

kfa~tb{ rwg {g tgbiezbm gm Empgtmgp mf pegmgm ib{ ae{ab{kbtbkpgt{pekb{ rwg brwgiib{ tgbiezb`b{ gm gi kfagtkef

ptbèkefmbi-

Ib Ftobmezbkem Awmèbi `gi Kfagtkef `gcemg gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf kfaf ib

~tf`wkkem) ~tfafkem) sgmpb u è{ptedwkem `g ~tf`wkpf{ b ptbs{ `g tg`g{ `g

pgigkfawmekbkem-

Gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf ~gtaepg gi bkkg{f b wm agtkb`f oifdbi u kfa~gpepesf) rwg ogmgtb

mwagtf{b{ sgmpbjb{ ~btb if{ kew`b`bmf{ gmptg ib{ rwg `g{pbkbm ib tg`wkkem `g ~tgkef{

b{ kfaf gi bkkg{f b mwgsf{ ~tf`wkpf{- [em gadbtof b ~g{bt `g ib{ sgmpbjb{ rwg gikfagtkef b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp fctgkg) gxe{pgm pf`bsb tgpekgmkeb{ u aeg`f{ b kfa~tbt gm ib

Tg`- @ekhf{ aeg`f{ {g kgmptbm cwm`bagmpbiagmpg gm ~tfdigab{ `g {gowte`b` rwg

jw{pecekbm gi tgkhbzf b ib{ kfa~tb{ gigkptmekb{-

^ft giif g{ mgkg{btef emcftabt {fdtg ib igoe{ibkem b~iekbdig bi kfagtkef gigkptmekf `g

af`f rwg gi kfm{wae`ft kfmfzkb kwbi g{ ib ~tfpgkkem rwg {g ig kfmcegtg-

Gi fdjgpf `g ib ~tg{gmpg owb g{ buw`bt bi kew`b`bmf b tgbiezbt f~gtbkefmg{ `g kfagtkef

gigkptmekf gm Empgtmgp `g cftab {gowtb) `g af`f rwg {g aemeaekgm if{ teg{of{ `g èkhb{f~gtbkefmg{- B pbi cem {g gxbaembtm ib{ cb{g{ `g ib kfmptbpbkem gigkptmekb) if{ `gtgkhf{

`gi kfm{wae`ft) ib {fiwkem `g kfmciekpf{ `g kfm{waf b{ kfaf ib{ ècgtgmpg{ bagmbzb{ u

swimgtbdeie`b`g{ rwg ~wg`gm bcgkpbt b if{ {e{pgab{-

Gm 4>>5 {g bikbmz ib kectb `g 2>)0 aeiifmg{ `g emèse`wf{ rwg tgbiezbtfm kfa~tb{ b

ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp) wm emktgagmpf `gi 2?' kfm tg{~gkpf bi bf bmpgteft `gde`f bi bwagmpf

`gi magtf `g empgtmbwpb{ u `g {w w{f `gi kfagtkef fmiemg- Gmptg ib{ tbzfmg{ `g g{pb



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~tgcgtgmkeb ~ft gi kbmbi fmiemg `g{pbkbm if{ agjftg{ ~tgkef{ (37)0'%) ib kfafè`b`

(78)>'% f ib cbkeie`b` ~btb kfa~btbt kfm fptf{ ~tf`wkpf{ (;8);'%2-

Otcekf 2: ^temke~big{ tbzfmg{ ~ft ib{ rwg hb kfa~tb`f gm 4>>5 ~tf`wkpf{& {gtsekef{ bptbs{ `g Empgtmgp gm iwobt `g bkwèt b wmb pegm`b c{ekb ('%

2)0'

2)7'

3)5'

22)?'

28)0'

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45)5'

;8);'

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>' 2>' 4>' ;>' 0>' 7>' 3>' ?>' 8>' 5>' 2>>'

M{&Mk

Fptb

^ft ~tfdbt

^ft tgkfagm`bkem

Tb~e`gz gm gi {waeme{ptf

mekf agèf è{~fmedig

Abuft fcgtpb&abuft obab

Cbkeie`b` `g kfa~btbt

Kfafè`b`

^tgkef&~tfafkefmg{ fcgtpb{

Cwgmpg: Fd{gtsbpftef Tg`-g{

Ib otbm abuftb `g empgtmbwpb{ (50);'% abmeceg{pb rwg mf hb ~gtkede`f memom ~tfdigabb ib hftb `g tgbiezbt b`rwe{ekefmg{ b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp-

Otcekf 4: Hb pgme`f biowmb sgz ~tfdigab{ gm ib{ kfa~tb{ tgbiezb`b{ ~ft Empgtmgp gm gi

bf 4>>5 u 4>>86 ('%

50);'

0)3'2)2'

Mf [e M{&Mk


2 G{pwèf {fdtg Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf D4K 4>2> FMP[E- @e{~fmedig gm : hpp~:&&-tg`-g{&agèb&tgoe{ptb`f{&4>2>!22&2488?85;0;705-~`c6bkg~pbkefm10c`45?;>bc32`3>74g35dk2?`d252>08
http://www.red.es/media/registrados/2010-11/1288789343549.pdf?aceptacion=4fd29730af61d6052e69bc17db191048http://www.red.es/media/registrados/2010-11/1288789343549.pdf?aceptacion=4fd29730af61d6052e69bc17db191048http://www.red.es/media/registrados/2010-11/1288789343549.pdf?aceptacion=4fd29730af61d6052e69bc17db191048http://www.red.es/media/registrados/2010-11/1288789343549.pdf?aceptacion=4fd29730af61d6052e69bc17db191048


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Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb ? `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem

Gm kwbmpf b if{ w{wbtef{ rwg hbm {wcte`f biom ~tfdigab gm {w{ kfa~tb{ fmiemg) {g hb

~tf`wke`f wm emktgagmpf gm ib{ tgkibabkefmg{ u b~tfxeab`bagmpg `f{ `g kb`b ptg{

w{wbtef{ tgkibabm ctgmpg b emke`gmkeb{ gm ib kfa~tb- Gm ib Pbdib 2 {g b~tgkeb gi

ftobme{af {fdtg gi rwg if{ w{wbtef{ tgbiezbm ib rwgjb u gi pega~f gm gi rwg {g tg{wgisg {w

tg{fiwkem- Ib abuftb `g w{wbtef{ (5>);'% tgkibabm bmpg gi {gtsekef `g bpgmkem bi

kiegmpg `g rwegm ig{ sgmè gi ~tf`wkpf- Gm kwbmpf bi pega~f) gi ?4)0' `g ib{

tgkibabkefmg{ {g tg{wgisgm gm gi ~ibzf axeaf `g wm ag{- [fif wm 7)5' `g ib{

tgkibabkefmg{ cembiagmpg mf {g tg{wgisg-

Pbdib 2: Ftobme{af bmpg gi rwg gi w{wbtef gcgkpw ib tgkibabkem u pega~f gm gi rwg {g

tg{fise ib tgkibabkem ('%

Ftobme{af bmpg gi rwg gcgkpw ib tgkibabkem

Bi {gtsekef `g bpgmkem bi kiegmpg `g rwegm ig sgmè gi ~tf`wkpf&{gtsekef 5>);

^bu~bi !

Rwgjb b biom ftobme{af `g ib Bàeme{ptbkem ^diekb- 0)0

Rwgjb b biowmb B{fkebkem `g w{wbtef{- !

Fptb{ 7);

Pega~f gm gi rwg {g tg{fise ib tgkibabkem

Agmf{ `g wmb {gabmb 43)0

Wmb {gabmb b wm ag{- 03)>

A{ `g wm ag{- 42)?

Mf {g tg{fise- 7)5


Gi sfiwagm `g mgofkef ogmgtb`f ~ft gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf D4K (èteoe`f bi kfm{wae`ft%gm 4>>5 {w~gt if{ ?-?>> aeiifmg{ `g gwtf{) if rwg {w~w{f wm emktgagmpf `gi 27)5'tg{~gkpf b 4>>8-4

Gi ~ftkgmpbjg `g empgtmbwpb{ rwg tgbiezb kfa~tb{ b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp {g emktgagmpb

ieogtbagmpg ~b{bm`f `g wm 0>);' b wm 02)7' `gi pfpbi `g empgtmbwpb{ `g 4>>8 b 4>>5-

[g ~wg`g `g`wket rwg gi ~temke~bi afpft `gi bwagmpf `gi magtf `g kfa~tb`ftg{ {gdb{b ~temke~biagmpg gm ib ba~iebkem `g ib ~fdibkem empgtmbwpb-

4 F~- kep 2


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Otcekf ;: Gsfiwkem `gi magtf `g empgtmbwpb{ kfa~tb`ftg{ ('%

02)7'

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5>'

2>>'

4>>> 4>>2 4>>4 4>>; 4>>0 4>>7 4>>3 4>>? 4>>8 4>>5


Ib{ ~temke~big{ kfa~tb{ rwg tgbiezbm if{ empgtmbwpb{ {fm tg{gtsb{ `g bifjbaegmpf{

(03)?'%) deiigpg{ `g ptbm{~ftpg (0>)>'% u birweigt `g kfkhg{ (;3)3'%) tgcigjf `g ib mfpbdig

ea~ftpbmkeb gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf {fdtg gi {gkpft `gi pwte{af-

^ft `gpt{ `g g{pg {gkpft) if{ {gkpftg{ rwg abuftg{ ~ftkgmpbjg{ `g kfa~tb fmiemg

tgoe{ptbm {fm gi {gkpft `g ib pgkmfifob (gi ;0)0' `g if{ empgtmbwpb{ b`rwegtg {gtsekef{ `g

Empgtmgp u gi 4>)5' {fcpbtg% u gi `gi fkef (ib kfa~tb `g gmptb`b{ gm gi kbmbi fmiemg

{w~fmg gi 4;' aegmptb{ rwg if{ ~tf`wkpf{ awipeag`eb gm cftabpf `eoepbi @S@) a{ekb)

se`gfjwgof{) gpk-! gi 42)3'%-



9/37

4 DGMGCEKEF[ U F^FTPWME@B@G[ @GI KFAGTKEF

GIGKPTMEKF

B ptbs{ `gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf {g ~f{edeiepb rwg if{ w{wbtef{ bkkg`bm b wm agtkb`f

iigmf `g f~ftpwme`b`g{ `g{`g {w ft`gmb`ft ~gt{fmbi- G{pb{ f~ftpwme`b`g{ iigsbm kfm{eof

pbmpf wmb {gteg `g sgmpbjb{ kfaf `g emkfmsgmegmpg{-

Eiw{ptbkem 2: Sgmpbjb{ g emkfmsgmegmpg{ `gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf

4-2 SGMPBJB[ @GI KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF

4-2-2 Agtkb`f bdegtpf 40h ;37 `b{ bi bfIb Tg` ~gtaepg tgbiezbt kfa~tb{ `wtbmpg pf`f{ if{ ~gtef`f{ `gi bf kfm em`g~gm`gmkeb

`g ib{ ea~f{ekefmg{ g if{ e{pempf{ hftbtef{ kfagtkebig{-

4-2-4 Bkkg{f b aipe~ig{ ~tf`wkpf{

Gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf ~gtaepg bkkg`gt b wm agtkb`f

awmèbi- ^f{edeiepbm`f gi bkkg{f b ~tf`wkpf{) ~ft gjga~if)

rwg mf {g gmkwgmptgm b ib sgmpb gm gi ~b{ `g tg{e`gmkeb

`gi w{wbtef-

Bwmrwg g{ mgkg{btef pgmgt gm kwgmpb ib{ tg{ptekkefmg{ rwg

~fmgm `gpgtaemb`b{ ga~tg{b{ b ib hftb `g kfagtkebiezbt

~tf`wkpf{ rwg mf {g gmkwgmptbm gm ib{ pegm`b{ c{ekb{ `gi

~b{ `g{`g gi rwg {g tgbiezb ib ~gpekem f pegmgm tgb{ `g

tg~btpf ogfotcekb{ ieaepb`b{ (obtbmpb) {f~ftpg) gpk%-

4-2-; ^tf`wkpf{ a{ gkfmaekf{

Ib gxe{pgmkeb `g wmb kfa~gpgmkeb oifdbi) ib sgmpb ètgkpb bi kfm{wae`ft) ib tg`wkkem `g

atogmg{) gpk-) {fm cbkpftg{ rwg bcgkpbm bi ~tgkef `g if{ ~tf`wkpf{ gm Empgtmgp)

~gtaepegm`f è{aemwet gi ae{af kfm tg{~gkpf b {w sbift gm gi kfagtkef ptbèkefmbi-



10/37

4-2-0 Cgg`dbkl `g if{ w{wbtef{

Cftf{) difo{) ~oemb{ g{~gkebiezb`b{ gm ~tf`wkpf{) {fm hgttbaegmpb{ rwg ib Tg` fctgkg

`g kbtb b gigoet gi agjft ~tf`wkpf ~f{edig `g bkwgt`f b if{ ktepgtef{ `gi kfa~tb`ft- @g

g{pb abmgtb) ib ~wg{pb gm kfam `g ècgtgmpg{ f~emefmg{ u gx~gtegmkeb{ ~gtaepg gigoet gi

~tf`wkpf a{ b`gkwb`f `g bkwgt`f kfm ib{ mgkg{e`b`g{ `gi kfm{wae`ft-

4-2-7 Fcgtpb `g {gtsekef{ ~gt{fmbiezb`b

Ib{ aipe~ig{ f~ftpwme`b`g{ rwg fctgkg gi kfagtkef

gigkptmekf) ~gtaepgm ~gt{fmbiezbt u kfmceowtbt if{

~tf`wkpf{ gm cwmkem `g ib{ mgkg{e`b`g{ `gi w{wbtef-

4-2-3 Kfafè`b` u boeie`b` gm ib{ kfa~tb{

Ib ~f{edeie`b` `g bkkg`gt b if{ ~tf`wkpf{ `g{`g kwbirwegtiwobt ~gtaepg bi kew`b`bmf gsepbt kfib{ u `g{~ibzbaegmpf{

{em mgkg{e`b` `g {biet `g {w hfobt-

4-2-? Kfa~btbkem g ~tf`wkpf{

Ib gxe{pgmkeb `g ~oemb{ g{~gkebiezb`b{ gm ib kfa~btbkem `g ~tf`wkpf{) ib ~f{edeie`b`

`g grwe~btbt ~tgkef{ u kbie`b`g{ gmptg ib{ ècgtgmpg{ abtkb{ f kfagtkef{ gm Empgtmgp) {em

mgkg{e`b` `g kbadebt `g wdekbkem g{ fptb `g ib{ otbm`g{ sgmpbjb{ `gi kfagtkef

gigkptmekf-

4-2-8 [f~ftpg Fmiemg

Ib gxe{pgmkeb `g {gtsekef{ `g buw`b fmiemg `wtbmpg ib{ 40 hftb{ `gi `b {fm hgttbaegmpb{

`g sbift bbè`f rwg if{ sgm`g`ftg{ fctgkgm- G{pb{ ~gtaepgm emktgagmpbt `g abmgtb

mfpbdig ib g!kfmcebmzb gi kew`b`bmf g~f{epb gm gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf-

4-4 EMKFMSGMEGMPG[ @GI KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF

4-4-2 Cbipb `g kfmpbkpf c{ekf kfm gi ~tf`wkpf

Ib{ ptbm{bkkefmg{ rwg {g tgbiezbm b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp {fm `g kbtkpgt mf ~tg{gmkebi) ifrwg ogmgtb wm kegtpf otb`f `g emkgtpe`wadtg- B {w sgz {g faepg pbmpf ib bpgmkem ~gt{fmbi

kfaf gi kfmpbkpf c{ekf kfm gi btpkwif) cbkpftg{ rwg ~wg`gm emciwet `g cftab `gpgtaembmpg

gm ib gigkkem `g wm ~tf`wkpf w fptf-

Gm gi kb{f `gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf) b cem `g gieaembt èkhb `g{sgmpbjb {g g{p

~tf`wkegm`f ib emkft~ftbkem `g khbp{ gm ètgkpf f b{e{pgmpg{ setpwbig{ rwg buw`bm b

tg{fisgt `w`b{ `wtbmpg gi ~tfkg{f `g kfa~tb-

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb 2> `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


11/37

4-4-4 Cbipb `g {gowte`b` u cebdeie`b`

G{ wm ~wmpf kibsg b ib hftb `g `gkeèt ib kfa~tb b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp rwg ib ga~tg{b g{p

degm e`gmpecekb`b u {fdtg pf`f rwg fctgzkb ib ~f{edeie`b` `g kfmpbkpbt ètgkpbagmpg kfm

giib-

Pbadem g{ sepbi rwg è{~fmob `g emcftabkem kibtb) kfa~igpb u kfmke{b pbmpf {fdtg

pgab{ kfmptbkpwbig{ kfaf {fdtg gi ~tf`wkpf&{gtsekef u gi ~tgkef) kibtecekbm`f if{ ob{pf{

rwg sbm f mf emkiwe`f{ gm ib ptbm{bkkem-

4-4-; ^tfdigab{ g è{ptedwkem

Ib{ emke`gmkeb{ ifo{pekb{ (tgptb{f{ gm ib tgkg~kem) tgkg~kem `gi ~gè`f kfm

`g{~gtcgkpf{) mf tgkedet gi ~tf`wkpf% {fm fptf `g if{ ~temke~big{ emkfmsgmegmpg{ `gi

kfagtkef gigkptmekf-

4-4-0 ^tfdigab `g tgkibabkefmg{ u `gsfiwkefmg{

Ib ~temke~bi ~tfdigapekb gm ib{ kfa~tb{ b ptbs{ `g ib Tg` g{ rwg gi ~tf`wkpf f {gtsekef

b`rwete`f mf tg{~fm`b b if rwg {g fctgkb gm Empgtmgp- Ib em{gowte`b` `g b rwegm èteoet{g

gm kb{f `g tgkibabkem g{ fptf `g if{ ~tfdigab{ rwg kfmiigsb gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf-

4-4-7 ^tfdigab{ g ~bof

Gm ib abuftb `g if{ kb{f{) ib{ kfa~tb{ b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp {g tgbiezbm wpeiezbm`f gi

magtf `g ib pbtjgpb `g ktèpf `gi kfa~tb`ft) ~gtf bm mf g{ 2>>' {gowtf emptf`wketifgm ib Tg` {em kfmfkeaegmpf biowmf-



12/37

; CFTAB[ @G KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF

;-2 D4K: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B KIEGMPGGi ptaemf segmg `g ib gx~tg{em emoig{b Dw{emg{{ Pf Kw{pfagt (@g{`g gi Mgofkef bi

Kfm{wae`ft%-Gi kfmkg~pf bdbtkb pf`b{ ib{ bkkefmg{ u ~b{f{ mgkg{btef{ ~btb rwg ib

ga~tg{b ~fmob gi ~tf`wkpf ètgkpbagmpg gm abmf{ `gi kfm{wae`ft cembi agèbmpg

agèf{ gigkptmekf{ fmiemg-

;-4 D4D: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B GA^TG[B

Gm g{pg kb{f gi ptaemf segmg `g ib gx~tg{em emoig{b Dw{emg{{ Pf Dw{{emg{ (@g{`g gi

Mgofkef bi Mgofkef) f kfagtkef `g ga~tg{b b ga~tg{b%-

Gmoifdb ib{ ptbm{bkkefmg{ b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp tgbiezb`b{ gmptg `f{ f a{ ga~tg{b{) ~ft

gjga~if) cbdtekbmpg) è{ptedwe`ft u mgofkef cembi) ~gtf mf emkiwug gm memom kb{f gm ib

kb`gmb bi kfm{wae`ft cembi-

Gm ~btpekwibt botw~b pf`b{ ib{ bkkefmg{ `gi ~tfkg{f ~btb rwg ib ga~tg{b ~fmob gi

~tf`wkpf bi cembi `g ib kb`gmb `g sgmpb u b è{~f{ekem `gi ipeaf ~b{f bmpg{ `g iigobt bi

kfm{wae`ft cembi-

Ib{ kbpgoftb{ D4K u D4D tg~tg{gmpbm gm ib bkpwbie`b` ib abuft ~btpg `gi kfagtkef b

ptbs{ `g ib Tg`-

;-; D4G: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B [W[ PTBDBJB@FTG[

Gi ptaemf ~tfkg`g `g ib gx~tg{em emoig{b Dw{emg{{ Pf Ga~ifugg (@g{`g gi Mgofkef

hbkeb gi Ga~igb`f%) `fm`g ib ga~tg{b fctgkg b ptbs{ `g {w ~ftpbi ~btb ga~igb`f{)

{gtsekef{ f sgmpbjb{ b {w{ ptbdbjb`ftg{ `g fptf{ {gtsekef{ rwg mf kfm{pepwugm gi ~temke~bi

`g ib ga~tg{b- ^ft gjga~if fctgkegm`f sgmpbjb{ gm sebjg{ f birweigt `g sghkwif{-

;-0 D4D4K: KFAGTKEF @G GA^TG[B B GA^TG[B U B KIEGMPG[

G{ ib wmem `g if{ kb{f{ `g D4D u D4K- G{pg {e{pgab {g db{b gm ib wpeiezbkem `g

~ibpbcftab{ gm Empgtmgp ~btb botw~bt if{ ~tfkg{f{ `g è{ptedwkem `g{`g ib cbdtekbkem u

è{ptedwkem hbkeb gi kfm{wae`ft u ~fmgt gi ~tf`wkpf gm {w{ abmf{) {egm`f {pf{ ipeaf{

f degm ga~tg{b{ f degm kfm{wae`ftg{ `fa{pekf{-

Gxe{pgm pbadem fptb{ kbpgoftb{ agmf{ ctgkwgmpg{ kfaf Dw{{emg{ Pf Ofsgtagmp (@g

Ofdegtmf b Ga~tg{b) f bi tgs{) @g Ga~tg{b b Ofdegtmf%-

Gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf cftab b {w sgz ~btpg `g wm kfmkg~pf a{ ba~ief kfaf g{ `gi `g

mgofkef gigkptmekf (g!Dw{emg{{% gi kwbi gmoifdb if{ ~tfkg{f{ `g abtlgpemo u kfa~tb!sgmpb `g ~tf`wkpf{ u&f {gtsekef{ b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp-



13/37

0 KWAÎEAEGMPF MFTABPESF

Gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf bcgkpb b mwagtf{f{ b{~gkpf{ igobig{) ~tfpgkkem `g `bpf{~gt{fmbig{) {gowte`b` gm ptbm{bkkefmg{) igobie`b` `g kfagtkef empgteft) ~wdieke`b` `g

~tf`wkpf{ u {gtsekef{) obtbmpb u ~tfpgkkem `g if{ kfm{wae`ftg{-

Ib{ ~temke~big{ mftab{ rwg bcgkpbm b ib {gowte`b` gm gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf {fm

bmbiezb`b{ b kfmpemwbkem-

0-2 ^TG[PBKEM @G [GTSEKEF[ @G KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF

0-2-2 Igu ;0&4>>4) `g 22 `g Jwief) `g [gtsekef{ `g ib [fkeg`b` `g ib Emcftabkem u

`g Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf (I[[EKG%Ib I[[EKG tgowib b{~gkpf{ `gpgtaembmpg{ `gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf gm gi agtkb`f

empgteft) b~iekm`f{g kfm kbtkpgt ogmgtbi b ib{ ga~tg{b{ g{pbdigke`b{ gm G{~bb-

Fdieobkefmg{ rwg ea~fmg ib I[[EKG

Gmptg ib{ fdieobkefmg{ ~btb if{ ^tg{pb`ftg{ `g [gtsekef{ `g ib [fkeg`b` `g ib

Emcftabkem rwg emkiwug ib Igu {g gmkwgmptbm) gmptg fptb{:

f Emcftabkem ogmgtbi: mfadtg f `gmfaembkem {fkebi) `bpf{ `g em{kte~kem

gm gi tgoe{ptf) gpk-

f @gdgt `g kfibdftbkem `g if{ ~tg{pb`ftg{ `g {gtsekef{ `g empgtagèbkem-

f Fdieobkefmg{ `g emcftabkem {fdtg {gowte`b`-

0-2-4 Igu `g Ft`gmbkem `gi Kfagtkef Aemfte{pb ~btb ib{ sgmpb{ b è{pbmkeb u btp-

0-4 `g ib @etgkpesb {fdtg sgmpb{ b è{pbmkeb-

Ib Igu ?&2553) `g 27 `g Gmgtf) g{pbdigkg rwg ib fcgtpb `g sgmpb b è{pbmkeb `gdg emkiwet:

E`gmpe`b` `gi ~tfsgg`ft-

Kbtbkpgt{pekb{ g{~gkebig{ gi ~tf`wkpf-

^tgkef u) gm {w kb{f) `gde`bagmpg {g~btb`f{) if{ ob{pf{ `gi ptbm{~ftpg-

Cftab `g ~bof u af`bie`b`g{ `g gmptgob f `g gjgkwkem-

îbzf `g sbie`gz `g ib fcgtpb-

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb 2; `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


14/37

Fptb{ kbtbkpgt{pekb{ `g ib Igu {fm:

Gm memom kb{f ib cbipb `g tg{~wg{pb b ib fcgtpb `g sgmpb b è{pbmkeb ~f`t

kfm{e`gtbt{g kfaf bkg~pbkem `g brwiib-

Rwg`b ~tfhede`f gmsebt bi kfm{wae`ft f w{wbtef btpkwif{ f agtkbmkb{ mf

~gè`b{ ~ft i bi kfagtkebmpg) gxkg~pwm`f{g ib{ awg{ptb{ kfagtkebig{-

Kwbm`f gi ea~ftpg `g wmb kfa~tb hwdeg{g {e`f kbtob`f wpeiezbm`f gi magtf `g

wmb pbtjgpb `g ktèpf) {em rwg {pb hwdeg{g {e`f ~tg{gmpb`b ètgkpbagmpg f

e`gmpecekb`b gigkptmekbagmpg) {w pepwibt ~f`t gxeoet ib emagèbpb bmwibkem `gi

kbtof-

Gi kfmpgme`f ameaf rwg `gdg {waeme{ptbt{g bi kfm{wae`ft {g tgkfog gm gi btp- 0-4 ` ib

@etgkpesb 255?&?&KG- {pb mf g{ fptb rwg e`gmpe`b` `gi ~tg{pb`ft `g {gtsekef{)

kbtbkpgt{pekb{ g{gmkebig{ `g ib ~tg{pbkem) ~tgkef `gi ~tf`wkpf) ob{pf{ `g gmptgob) gpk-

0-4 ^TFPGKKEM @G @BPF[

0-4-2 Igu ftomekb 27&2555) `g 2; `g èkegadtg) `g ^tfpgkkem `g @bpf{ `g

Kbtkpgt ^gt{fmbi- Tgbi @gktgpf 2?4>&4>>?) `g 42 `g èkegadtg) ~ft gi rwg {g

b~twgdb gi Tgoibagmpf `g `g{bttfiif `g ib IF^@ (TIF^@%

Ib ga~tg{b `g bkwgt`f kfm if è{~wg{pf gm g{pb Igu pegmg ib fdieobkem `g ~tf~ftkefmbtib {eowegmpg emcftabkem bi kiegmpg bmpg{ `g rwg gmsg if{ `bpf{:

Bkgtkb `g ib gxe{pgmkeb `g wm cekhgtf f ptbpbaegmpf `g `bpf{ `g kbtkpgt ~gt{fmbi-

Cembie`b` `g ib tgkfoe`b-

@g{pembpbtef g ib emcftabkem-

Kbtkpgt fdieobpftef f cbkwipbpesf `g ib{ tg{~wg{pb{-

^f{edeie`b` `g gjgtkepbt `gtgkhf{ `g bkkg{f) tgkpecekbkem) kbmkgibkem) u

f~f{ekem-

E`gmpe`b` u etgkkem gi tg{~fm{bdig-

G{g pe~f `g emcftabkem {g {wgig ~tf~ftkefmbt bi w{wbtef gm wm gmibkg `gmfaemb`f

^fipekb `g ^tesbke`b` rwg {wgig {epwbt{g gm ib ~btpg emcgteft `gi ~ftpbi `g ib ga~tg{b-

B {w sgz agèbmpg ib IF^@ {g g{pbdigkg ib fdieobkem `g ib{ ga~tg{b{ `g b`f~pbt

agè`b{ `g {gowte`b` rwg obtbmpekgm ib {gowte`b` u {gktgpf b ib sgz rwg {g tgbiezb ibem{kte~kem gm gi Tgoe{ptf Ogmgtbi `g ^tfpgkkem `g @bpf{-



15/37

0-; @GCGM[B @G KFM[WAE@FTG[ U W[WBTEF[

0-;-2 Tgbi @gktgpf Igoe{ibpesf 2&4>>? g 23 `g Mfsegadtg ~ft gi rwg {g b~twgdb gi

pgxpf tgcwmè`f `g ib Igu Ogmgtbi ~btb ib @gcgm{b `g if{ Kfm{wae`ftg{ uW{wbtef{ u fptb{ igug{ kfa~igagmpbteb{

Tgkfog if{ `gtgkhf{ d{ekf{ `g if{ kfm{wae`ftg{ u w{wbtef{ gmptg if{ rwg {g

gmkwgmptbm:

Gi `gtgkhf b tgkedet emcftabkem ~tgseb {fdtg if{ degmg{ u {gtsekef{ fdjgpf `gi

kfmptbpf-

f Ba~ib if è{~wg{pf gm ib Igu ;0&4>>4 (I[[EKG% fdieobm`f b ib{ ga~tg{b{

`g kfagtkef gigkptmekf b g{~gkecekbt gm ib gd) ib cftab `g ~bof) ib{af`bie`b`g{ `g gmptgob) u ib gxe{pgmkeb `g wm `gtgkhf `g `g{e{peaegmpf f

tgmwmkeb b ib kfa~tb tgbiezb`b-

Gi gtgkhf g `g{e{peaegmpf wmeibpgtbi gm ib kfmptbpbkem gigkptmekb-

f [gom gi ae{af gi kfm{wae`ft pegmg `gtgkhf b tgmwmkebt b ib kfa~tb

gcgkpwb`b gm wm ~ibzf `g ? `b{ hdeig{ {em ~gmbiezbkem biowmb u {em ib

mgkg{e`b` `g emèkbt if{ afpesf{ ~ft if{ rwg tgkhbzb ib kfa~tb (gi

~tg{pb`ft `gi {gtsekef ~f`t ba~iebt èkhf ~ibzf ~gtf mwmkb tg`wketif f

gieaembtif%-

f Gi kfa~tb`ft mf pgm`t rwg {f~ftpbt kf{pg biowmf {bisf gi kf{pg ètgkpf `g

ib `gsfiwkem `gi ~tf`wkpf-

Gi `gtgkhf b wmb em`gamezbkem `g `bf{ u ~gtjwekef{ ~ft if{ `bf{ {wcte`f{ f ib

~tfpgkkem gm {epwbkefmg{ `g emcgtefte`b` f swimgtbdeie`b`-

Ib fdieobkem ~btb gi sgm`g`ft `g `gsfisgt gm {w pfpbie`b` gi ~tgkef `gi ~tf`wkpf

gm kb{f `g cbipb `g kfmcftae`b`- B{ kfaf ib tgowibkem `g ib gxeogmkeb `g

{w{pepwkem f tg~btbkem `g if{ ~tf`wkpf{ mf kfmcftag{ kfm gi kfmptbpf) bkkefmg{

rwg {gtm otbpwepb{ ~btb gi kfm{wae`ft u w{wbtef) emkiwe`f{ if{ ob{pf{ `g gmsf-



16/37

7 BAGMBZB[ GXE[PGMPG[ GM GI KFAGTKEF

GIGKPTMEKF

Ib{ bagmbzb{ kfmktgpb{ hbkeb gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf {g èteogm g{~gkebiagmpg hbkeb if{

`bpf{ {gm{edig{ `gi w{wbtef) kfm gi cem `g kfa~tfagpgt ib {gowte`b`) b mesgi gkfmaekf)

pkmekf u ~gt{fmbi- @g giib{) gi ~he{hemo f ctbw`g b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp g{ ib ~temke~bi

bagmbzb gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf-

7-2 ^HE[HEMO

^he{hemo g{ ib `gmfaembkem rwg tgkedg ib g{pbcb kfagpe`b b ptbs{ `g agèf{

pgigapekf{ agèbmpg ib kwbi gi g{pbcb`ft empgmpb kfm{gowet) `g w{wbtef{ igopeaf{)

emcftabkem kfmce`gmkebi (kfmptb{gb{) bpf{ dbmkbtef{) gpk-% `g cftab ctbw`wigmpb-

Gi g{pbcb`ft f ~he{hgt{w~ibmpb ib e`gmpe`b` `g wmb ~gt{fmb f ga~tg{b `g kfmcebmzb ~btb

rwg gi tgkg~pft `g wmb kfawmekbkem gigkptmekb b~btgmpgagmpg fcekebi (sb g!abei) cbx)

{a{ f pgigcmekbagmpg% ktgb gm {w sgtbke`b` u cbkeiepg) `g g{pg af`f) if{ `bpf{ ~tesb`f{

rwg tg{wipbm `g empgt{ ~btb gi g{pbcb`ft-

Gi ~he{hemo emkiwug gi gmsf `g kfttgf{ gigkptmekf{

cbi{f{) ~tfkg`gmpg{) gm b~btegmkeb) `g ga~tg{b{ f

gmpe`b`g{ igopeab{ (~ft gjga~if gmpe`b`g{ dbmkbteb{ f

~oemb{ `g kfa~tb fmiemg f `g {wdb{pb{%) u èteogm bi

`g{pembpbtef b gd{ cbi{b{ rwg tg~iekbm ib{ `g ib

ga~tg{b f gmpe`b` igopeab- Ib empgmkem `g èkhf{

kfttgf{ kwbm`f {g èteogm b kiegmpg{ `g gmpe`b`g{ cembmkegtb{ g{ empgmpbt rwg g{pf{

tgsgigm {w{ `bpf{ ~gt{fmbig{ f dbmkbtef{: magtf `g pbtjgpb `g ktèpf) kibsg{ `g bkkg{f

(ÊM%) kfmptb{gb{ ~btb f~gtbt) w fptf pe~f `g `bpf{ kfmce`gmkebig{ u ~gt{fmbig{-

Gi ~he{hemo g{ wm cgmagmf kwub abomepw` u ptbm{kgm`gmkeb g{ abuft kb`b `b- [gom

gi Bmpe ^he{emo _ftlemo Otfw~ (B^_O%) gm èkegadtg `g 4>>5 {g ktgbtfm 03-25> {epef{

gd ctbw`wigmpf{) u {g tgbiezbtfm 48-85? kba~bb{ `g ctbw`g mekb{-

Gi ctbw`g b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp g{ wm cgmagmf oifdbi: gm ib bkpwbie`b` {g `gpgkpbm

gmpftmf b 7>->>> mwgsb{ gd{ ctbw`wigmpb{ kb`b ag{ è{pemowem`f{g:

Kba~bb{ mekb{ `g ~he{hemo) rwg gi B^_O

`gcemg kfaf kb`b g!abei èteoe`f b sbtef{ w{wbtef{)

b~wmpbm`f b wmb ae{ab ~oemb gd) kfm wm ae{af

b{wmpf gm gi kfttgf gigkptmekf-

_gd{ mekb{ `g ~he{hemo) WTI{ ctbw`wigmpb{-

http://www.antiphishing.org/http://www.antiphishing.org/


17/37

Otcekf 0: Gsfiwkem `gi ~he{hemo gmptg 4>>7 u 4>>5

>

2>->>>

4>->>>

;>->>>

0>->>>

7>->>>

3>->>>

Gmg/>7

Abt/>7

Abu/>7

Jwi/>7

[g~/>7Mf

s/>7Gm

g/>3

Abt/>3

Abu/>3

Jwi/>3

[g~/>3Mf

s/>3Gm

g/>?

Abt/>?

Abu/>?

Jwi/>?

[g~/>?Mf

s/>?Gm

g/>8

Abt/>8

Abu/>8

Jwi/>8

[g~/>8Mf

s/>8Gm

g/>5

Abt/>5

Abu/>5

Jwi/>5

[g~/>5Mf

s/>5

Kba~bb{ mekb{ _gd{ mekb{

Cwgmpg: Bmpe!^he{hemo _ftlemo Otfw~ (B^_O%

Gi {eowegmpg otcekf ~tfcwmèzb gm ib gsfiwkem `g if{ è{pempf{ pe~f{ `g ctbw`g fmiemg

èteoe`f{ b gmpe`b`g{ gm G{~bb- Ib ~tf~ftkem gm rwg ~he{hemo) ptfubmf{ u tgètgkpftg{

{g ~f{ekefmbm `gmptf `g g{g pfpbi {g afècekb ~ftrwg if{ `f{ {gowm`f{ gx~gteagmpbm wmb

pgm`gmkeb ktgkegmpg gm if{ ipeaf{ bf{ ctgmpg bi ~he{hemo-

Otcekf 7: Gsfiwkem `g if{ è{pempf{ pe~f{ `g ctbw`g gm Empgmgp èteoe`f{ b gmpe`b`g{

g{~bfib{ ('%

87)4'

33)0' 34)4' 34)?'

20)8'

;2)2';0)2' 45)3'

?)?';)?'4)7'

>'

2>'

4>'

;>'

0>'

7>'

3>'

?>'

8>'

5>'

2>>'

4>>3 (m18;>% 4>>? (m12-300% 4>>8 (m1;-24;% 4>>5 (m14-7;0%

^he{hemo Ptfubmf{ Tgètgkpftg{

Cwgmpg: [42{gk

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb 2? `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


18/37

7-4 K@EOF[ ABIEKEF[F[ !ABI_BTG!

[g b~tgkeb wmb mwgsb pgm`gmkeb rwg tgcigjb rwg ib{ pkmekb{ `g ctbw`g b ptbs{ `g

Empgtmgp {g g{pm `g{~ibzbm`f) `g{`g brwgiib{ db{b`b{ gm ib emogmegtb {fkebi) hbkebbrwgiib{ rwg {g db{bm gm ib emugkkem `g kèof abiekef{f f abibtg-

@ekhf kbadef `g pgm`gmkeb g{ ctwpf `g ib abuft kfmkegmkebkem kew`b`bmb {fdtg ib

{gowte`b`) `g bh rwg hbub bwagmpb`f ib kbwpgib `g if{ kew`b`bmf{ b ib hftb `g cbkeiepbt

{w{ `bpf{ ~gt{fmbig{) u {g wpeiekgm fptf{ apf`f{ a{ bii `gi gmobf ~btb tgkfogt ib

emcftabkem `g if{ w{wbtef{-

Gi abibtg ~tg{gmpg gm if{ grwe~f{ ~tgpgm`g) ~ft gjga~if) tfdbt if{ `bpf{ dbmkbtef{ `g

if{ w{wbtef{) wpeiezbm`f) gmptg fptf{) {e{pgab{ rwg empgtkg~pbm kibsg `g w{wbtef u

kfmptb{gb f ~tfotbab{ rwg kfttfa~gm ib{ emctbg{ptwkpwtb{ `g mbsgobkem u tgèteogm bif{ w{wbtef{ b gd{ cbi{b{-

7-; FPTF[ PE^F[ @G BAGMBZB[

Gxe{pgm bagmbzb{ kfm wm kbtkpgt a{ pkmekf è{pempesb{ `gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf:

7-;-2 Kbtèmou [leaaemo

Kfm{e{pgm gm gi w{f ctbw`wigmpf `g pbtjgpb{ (kbtèmo% u ib kf~eb `g ib{ dbm`b{ abompekb{

({leaaemo%-Giif ~gtaepg gi bkkg{f b kwgmpb{ dbmkbteb{) b magtf{ `g pbtjgpb tfdb`f{) b

swgikf{ `g dbm`b{ abompekb{ b{ kfaf b ~gtceig{ ~gt{fmbig{-

Wmb sgz rwg {g pegmg bkkg{f b èkhf{ `bpf{ {g ~tfkg`g b {w sgmpb- B{ if{ `bpf{ `g wmb

kwgmpb kfm wm {bi`f `g ;>->>> ~wg`gm bikbmzbt gm èkhf{ agtkb`f{ 4-4>> kfm gi cem

`g {gt gx~ifpb`b ~f{pgteftagmpg ~ft gi b`rwetegmpg `g èkhf{ `bpf{-



19/37


Pbdib 4: @bpf{ `g kwgmpb{ dbmkbteb{ gm sgmpb) pfab`f{ `g wm {epef _gd `g kbtèmo

Mfadtg `gi dbmkf ^b{ [bi`f ^tgkef

Dbml fc Batekb GG-WW- -- Sgmè`f

B{afwph Dbml GG-WW- 23->0> $ ?>>

_b{hemopfm Awpwbi dbml GG-WW- 20-0>> $ 3>>

_b{hemopfm Awpwbi dbml GG-WW- ?-57> $ , 4-324 7>>

_b{hemopfm Awpwbi dbml GG-WW- - Sgmè`f

ADMB Bagtekb Dbml GG-WW- 44->>; $ 2-7>>

Dbmkf Dtb`g{kf [-B- Dtb{ei 2;-072 $ 37>

Kepedbml Tgemf Wme`f 2>->00 87>

Mbp_g{p Tgemf Wme`f 24->>> 2->>>

DM^ ^btedb{ Ctbmkeb ;>-?54 4-4>> Kbjb `g Bhfttf{ `g Obiekeb G{~bb 4;-4>> 2-4>>

Kbjb `g Bhfttf{ `g Obiekeb G{~bb ?-803 7>>

Dbmkf [bdb`gii G{~bb 47-33; 2-07>

Cwgmpg: ^he{hPbml

7-;-4 ^hbtaemo

Agèbmpg wm ptfubmf; g{ ~f{edig rwg wm bpbkbmpg {g emceiptg gmptg ib ètgkkem E^ u gimfadtg `gi {gtse`ft bi rwg tg{~fm`g- G{ wmb pkmekb {wabagmpg ~gieotf{b `b`f rwg ib

skpeab ktgg g{pbt se{epbm`f wm {epef gd igopeaf-[gom ib{ g{pb`{pekb{ agm{wbig{ `g ~he{pbml0 gm èkegadtg `g 4>>5) gi fdjgpesf a{~f~wibt cwg ^bu^bi-

; If{ kbdbiif{ `g Ptfub f ptfubmf{ {fm if{ ~temke~big{ ~tfotbab{ abiekef{f{ tgibkefmb`f{ kfm gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf-^btgkgm emfcgm{esf{ b ~teagtb se{pb) ~btgkegm`f {gt peig{) ~gtf èkhf ~tfotbab gx~fm`t gi ft`gmb`ft b bpbkbmpg{)

bdtegm`f if rwg {g kfmfkgm kfaf ~wgtpb{ ptb{gtb{ f sb{ `g bkkg{f bi grwe~f {em gi kfm{gmpeaegmpf `gi w{wbtef- G{pf~tfsfkb rwg ib arwemb rwg`g `g{~tfpgoe`b) ~gtaepegm`f rwg ig tfdgm emcftabkem {gm{edig u&f pfabt gi kfmptfitgafpbagmpg `g giib0 G{pb`{pekb{ `g bdtei `g 4>>5: hpp~:&&-~he{hpbml-kfa&{pbp{&4>>5&>0&
http://www.phishtank.com/stats/2009/04/http://www.phishtank.com/stats/2009/04/http://www.phishtank.com/stats/2009/04/


20/37

Pbdib ;: Fdjgpesf{ a{ ~f~wibtg{ `g if{ bpbrwg{ `g ~he{emo

Fdjgpesf{

Bpbrwg{ `g

~he{hemosie`f{ gmèkegadtg

4>>5^bu^bi 24-33;Pedeb 87;JÂftobm Khb{g bm` Kf- ?4?[wiblg Kft~ftbpefm 348Cbkgdffl 7>?Empgtmbi Tgsgmwg [gtsekg 040H[DK Otfw~ 200

Dbml fc Bagtekb Kft~ftbpefm 220Offoig 2>2Mg`dbml Ip`- 84

Cwgmpg: ^he{hPbml

7-;-; Kteagbtg

Emkiwugm ib`tfmg{ `g kfmptb{gb{) kb~pwtb`ftg{ `g ~wi{bkefmg{ rwg tgoe{ptbm if{ `bpf{

`gi pgkib`f) tgbiezbm kb~pwtb{ `g se`gf) f pfabm eaogmg{ `g ib ~bmpbiib u gmsbm if{

`bpf{ b if{ {epef{ `g tgkfoe`b-

Gi kteagbtg {wgig g{pbt b{fkeb`f kfm tffplep{ (~tfotbab{ abiekef{f{ rwg fkwipbm gi

kteagbtgu if hbkgm emse{edig ~btb awkhb{ hgttbaegmpb{ `g {gowte`b`%- G{pb cftab `g

bpbrwg {g g{p g{~gkebiezbm`f gm bpbrwg{ {gigkpesf{) emptf`wkem`f{g gm if{ ft`gmb`ftg{

rwg se{epbm gd{ ctbw`wigmpb{ u giwègm`f ib `gpgkkem ~ft ~btpg `g if{ bmpesetw{ {bisf

rwg {gbm kb~bkg{ `g e`gmpecekbtif{ `g cftab ogmtekb f agèbmpg bmie{e{ `gi

kfa~ftpbaegmpf-

7-;-0 Kiekljbklemo

G{pb pkmekb) kfmfke`b pbadem ~ft {gkwg{ptf `g kiek g{ wmb swimgtbdeie`b` rwg bcgkpb bmbsgob`ftg{ u fptf{ ~tf`wkpf{ gd-

Agèbmpg g{pb pkmekb wm bpbkbmpg ~wg`g cftzbt bi grwe~f `gi w{wbtef b hbkgt kiekl gm

kwbirwegt semkwif f ieml `g wmb gd) ~wègm`f èteoet ib mbsgobkem hbkeb gd{ kfm setw{)

ptfubmf{ f bmwmkef{ mf `g{gb`f{) {em rwg gi w{wbtef {g `g kwgmpb `g if rwg g{p

fkwttegm`f- ^ft giif g{ cwgmpg ~fpgmkebi `g gjgkwkem `g ~he{hemo) db{m`f{g gm

~wi{bkefmg{ mf sfiwmpbteb{ `gi ft`gmb`ft `gi w{wbtef {fdtg gmibkg{ kfagtkebig{ gm gd{-

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb 4> `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


21/37

3 HGTTBAEGMPB[ @G ^TFPGKKEM U [GOWTE@B@ GM

GI KFAGTKEF GIGKPTMEKF

^btb kfadbpet bagmbzb{ kfaf gi ~he{hemo f gi kèof abiekef{f rwg emcgkpb b if{ grwe~f{

`g if{ empgtmbwpb{) gxe{pgm è{pempf{ agèf{ b è{~f{ekem `g if{ w{wbtef{- B kfmpemwbkem

{g ~tg{gmpbm agè`b{ u hgttbaegmpb{ `g kbtkpgt pkmekf-

3-2 APF@F[ [GOWTF[ @G ^BOF ^FT EMPGTMGP

If{ ~temke~big{ apf`f{ `g ~bof ~btb tgbiezbt f~gtbkefmg{ b ptbs{ `g ib Tg` {fm gi

~bof kfm pbtjgpb `g ktèpf) gi apf`f kfmptb tggadfi{f) ib ptbm{cgtgmkeb dbmkbteb f gi

~bof agèbmpg empgtagèbtef{ (~ft gjga~if) agèbmpg ^bu~bi%-

3-2-2 ^bof kfm pbtjgpb

Gm g{pg {gmpe`f) gi ~bof kfm pbtjgpb `g ktèpf f `depf g{ wm {e{pgab t~e`f rwg fctgkg

{gowte`b` u obtbmpb{) ub rwg {e gi w{wbtef tgkedg wm kbtof ctwpf `g wmb grwesfkbkem f

ctbw`g) è{~fmg `g ptg{ ag{g{ ~btb bmwibtif-

B{ ae{af) kfm gi fdjgpf `g cfagmpbt ib g!

kfmcebmzb gm ib{ kfa~tb{ gm Empgtmgp) ib abuftb

`g ib{ gmpe`b`g{ dbmkbteb{ ~fmgm b è{~f{ekem `g

{w{ kiegmpg{ pbtjgpb{ g{~gkcekb{ ~btb ib kfa~tb gmib Tg`- [fm `gmfaemb`b{ pbtjgpb{ `g ~bof fmiemg

~btb kfa~tb{ ~ft Empgtmgp f pbtjgpb{ ~tg~bof< {g

gmkwgmptbm è{~fmedig{ gm ib{ fcekemb{ `g pf`b{ ib{

gmpe`b`g{ dbmkbteb{ u {w cwmkefmbaegmpf g{

e`mpekf bi `g ib{ pbtjgpb{ hbdepwbig{- [w tg{~fm{bdeie`b` {if {g {wd{ktedg b ib kbmpe`b`

`g èmgtf kfm ib rwg gi kiegmpg kbtob ib pbtjgpb (rwg ~wg`g {gt kwbirwegt kbmpe`b` rwg i

`g{gg%) u {if {etsgm ~btb tgbiezbt kfa~tb{ ~ft Empgtmgp f) gm biowmf{ kb{f{) pbadem

~btb kfa~tbt gm if{ kfagtkef{ hbdepwbig{-

^btb hbkgt ctgmpg b if{ ctbw`g{ gm gi kfagtkef gigkptmekf ib{ tg`g{ `g Se{bu Ab{pgtKbt`

g{pbdigkegtfm wmb mftab kfmkgde`b ~btb ~tfpgogt b if{ pepwibtg{ `g pbtjgpb{ kwbm`f

kfa~tbm ~ft Empgtmgp- Ib mftab tgibpesb b ib {gowte`b` `g if{ `bpf{ `gi {gkpft `g ib{

pbtjgpb{ `g ~bof) ^KE @[[ (^buagmp Kbt` Em`w{ptu @bpb [gkwtepu [pbm`bt`%) ~gtaepg

agjftbt ib {gowte`b` `g ib{ ptbm{bkkefmg{ u gi biabkgmbaegmpf `g `bpf{ dbmkbtef{-

3-2-4 ^bof kfmptb!tggadfi{f

Kfm{e{pg gm ~bobt gm gcgkpesf gm gi afagmpf `g tgkedet ib kfa~tb gm gi ~wmpf `g gmptgob-

Mf g{ mgkg{btef ~tf~ftkefmbt `bpf{ dbmkbtef{ gm ib ~oemb{ `g kfa~tb) bwmrwg { `bpf{

`g ètgkkem ~f{pbi- Gm biowmf{ kb{f{ ogmgtb tgkbtof{ ~ft wm ea~ftpg `g wm ~ftkgmpbjg`g ib kfa~tb kfm tg{~gkpf bi ~bof-



22/37


3-2-; Ptbm{cgtgmkeb dbmkbteb

Kfm{e{pg gm emotg{bt gi ea~ftpg `g ib kfa~tb gm ib kwgmpb `gi sgm`g`ft agèbmpg wmb

f~gtbkem dbmkbteb- Ib sgmpbjb ~temke~bi rwg ~tg{gmpb g{pg apf`f `g ~bof g{ ib mf

tgsgibkem `g if{ `bpf{ b{fkeb`f{ b ib kwgmpb kfttegmpg- [em gadbtof) b ècgtgmkeb `gi

~bof kfm pbtjgpb) {e {pg {g tgbiezb ~ft b`gibmpb`f {g ~egt`g kwbirwegt f~kem b kbmkgibt

èkhf gmsf {e ib kfa~tb mf tg{wipb {bpe{cbkpfteb-

3-2-0 ^bof agèbmpg empgtagèbtef{

Gm ib Tg` gxe{pgm empgtagèbtef{ rwg ~gtaepgm gsepbt pgmgt rwg cbkeiepbt if{ `bpf{

dbmkbtef{ b wm sgm`g`ft `g{kfmfke`f) rwg g{ if rwg {wkg`g kwbm`f {g ~bob agèbmpg

pbtjgpb `g ktèpf b wmb ga~tg{b gm ib Tg` rwg mf è{~fmg `g wmb ~b{btgib `g ~bof kfm

wmb gmpe`b` dbmkbteb-

Eiw{ptbkem 4: Cwmkefmbaegmpf ^bu^bi

Agèbmpg if{ empgtagèbtef{ g{pf{ `bpf{ mf {g cbkeiepbm bi

~tfsgg`ft) {emf b wm pgtkgtf `g kfmcebmzb rwg bkpb `g

empgtagèbtef cembmkegtf) `g abmgtb rwg g{ {pg gi rwg

~tfkg`g bi ~bof bi sgm`g`ft- @g èkhf af`f if{ `bpf{ `g ib

pbtjgpb dbmkbteb {g gmkwgmptbm mekbagmpg gm wmb ga~tg{b

empgtagèbteb `g kfmcebmzb `g cftab rwg gi sgm`g`ft mf

kfmfkg mwmkb if{ `bpf{ tgbig{ `g ib pbtjgpb f kwgmpb

kfttegmpg-

ebtef{ cembmkegtf{ kfaf ~wg`gm {gt if{ kb{f{ `g Offoig Khgklfwp

f Babzfm ^buagmp{-

Gi gjga~if a{ kfmfke`f u wpeiezb`f `g empgtagèbtef cembmkegtf g{ ^bu^bi) ~gtf pbademgxe{pgm fptf{ empgtag`


23/37

3-2-7 ^bof b ptbs{ `g `faekeiebkem dbmkbteb

Kfm{e{pg gm `faekeiebt if{ ~bof{ `g kfa~tb{ `g cftab ~gteèkb f ib kfmptbpbkem `g

{gtsekef{ kfmpemwb`f{) bi eowbi rwg {g tgbiezb kfm if{ ~bof{ `g {gtsekef{ kfaf ib

gigkpteke`b` f gi bowb-

Kfm gi cem `g ~tfpgogt{g bmpg teg{of{ emmgkg{btef{) g{ mgkg{btef kfmpbt kfm wm {e{pgab

`g mfpecekbkefmg{ rwg ~gtaepb bi kfa~tb`ft kfmfkgt kwm`f gi sgm`g`ft gjgkwpb gi kbtof

gm ib kwgmpb dbmkbteb cbkeiepb`b- B{) kwbm`f èkhf kbtof g{ mfpecekb`f bi kfa~tb`ft) u gm

cwmkem `g if{ bkwgt`f{ rwg gi kfa~tb`ft pgmob kfm ib gmpe`b` dbmkbteb) {g g{pbdigkg wm

~gtef`f `g pega~f gm gi rwg ~wg`g tgkibabt ~btb rwg èkhf kbtof {gb bmwib`f-

3-4 ^B[F[ ^BTB TGBIEZBT WMB KFA^TB [GOWTB

^btb gjgkwpbt wmb kfa~tb {gowtb b ptbs{ `g ib Tg` `gdgm iigsbt{g b kbdf if{ {eowegmpg{~b{f{:

Eiw{ptbkem ;: ^b{f{ ~btb tgbiezbt wmb kfa~tb {gowtb gm Empgmgp

3-4-2 Wpeiezbt wm ft`gmb`ft ~gt{fmbi

Gm ~teagt iwobt {g `gdg wpeiezbt wm ft`gmb`ft ~gt{fmbi) u mf wmf `g bkkg{f ~diekf-

If{ mesgig{ `g {gowte`b` gm wm ft`gmb`ft ~gt{fmbi degm kfmceowtb`f {wgigm {gt

{w~gteftg{ b if{ rwg fctgkgm if{ ft`gmb`ftg{ `g bkkg{f ~diekf- G{ wmf `g if{ afpesf{

~ft if{ rwg ib abuftb `g kfa~tb{ `g ~tf`wkpf{ `g kfagtkef gigkptmekf {g `gdgm

tgbiezbm gm gi hfobt-

Gm gi kb{f gm rwg {g tgbiekg ib kfa~tb bi rwg ~f{pgteftagmpg ~wg`bm pgmgt bkkg{f fptb{

~gt{fmb{) bi cembiezbt ib kfa~tb {g `gdg tgkft`bt:

Gieaembt ib{ kffleg{-

Gieaembt if{ btkhesf{ pga~ftbig{ `gi mbsgob`ft gd-

Kgttbt ib {g{em `g w{wbtef `g if{ {gtsekef{ b if{ rwg hbub pgme`f bkkg{f gm g{b

{g{em f `g ib fcekemb setpwbi `g ib gmpe`b`-

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb 4; `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


24/37

3-4-4 Kfa~tfdbt rwg gi ft`gmb`ft g{ {gowtf

Gi {eowegmpg ~b{f g{ kfa~tfdbt rwg gi ft`gmb`ft `g{`g gi rwg {g tgbiezb ib kfa~tb g{

{gowtf- G{ tgkfagm`bdig pgmgt wm ft`gmb`ft iedtg `g bagmbzb{ b cem `g tgbiezbt

f~gtbkefmg{ `g kfagtkef gigkptmekf `g cftab {gowtb- ^btb giif ib Fcekemb `g [gowte`b`

`gi Empgtmbwpb (F[E% ~fmg b ib è{~f{ekem `gi w{wbtef wm kfmjwmpf `g kfm{gjf{ u

tgkfagm`bkefmg{ rwg {g ~wg`gm tg{waet gm:

Bkpwbiezbkefmg{ `g {fcpbtg: abmpgmgt bkpwbiezb`f gi grwe~f) pbmpf gi {e{pgab

f~gtbpesf kfaf kwbirwegt b~iekbkem rwg g{p em{pbib`b) emkiwe`f gi mbsgob`ft)

~btb rwg if{ kèof{ abiekef{f{ mf ~wg`bm gmkfmptbt wm ~wmpf `dei gm gi grwe~f-

Eowbiagmpg {g gdgm bkpesbt ib{ bkpwbiezbkefmg{ bwpfapekb{-

Wpeiezbt {fcpbtg kfm iekgmkeb rwg fctgzkb obtbmpb u {f~ftpg-

Kwgmpb{ `g w{wbtef: wpeiezbt {ega~tg wmb kwgmpb `g w{wbtef kfm ~teseigoef{

ieaepb`f{ ~btb tgbiezbt kfagtkef gigkptmekf-

Hgttbaegmpb{: g{ ea~tg{kemèdig pgmgt em{pbib`f:

f Wm ~tfotbab bmpesetw{ `g g{ktepftef u b`ga{ wpeiezbt fkb{efmbiagmpg wm

bmpesetw{ gm imgb-

f Wm ~tfotbab kftpbcwgof{-

f Wm ~tfotbabbmpe!g{~b `g g{ktepftef u wpeiezbt fkb{efmbiagmpg wmf gm imgb

~btb mbsgobt ~ft Empgtmgp

G{ tgkfagm`bdig pgmgt em{pbib`f{ fptf{ ~tfotbab{ `g {gowte`b` kfaf

bmbiezb`ftg{ `g WTI: ~gtaepgm kbpgoftezbt ib{ ~oemb{ b ib{ rwg {g bkkg`g b cem

`g `gpgtaembt gi otb`f `g kfmcebmzb `g ib{ ae{ab{-

Wpeiezbt kfmptb{gb{ tfdw{pb{ u {gowtb{ gm pf`f{ if{ {gtsekef{ rwg {g wpeiekgm)

kbadem`fib{ ~gteèkbagmpg u {em tgsgibtib{ b mbèg) me bmfpbtib{ gm iwobtg{se{edig{ f `g ckei bkkg{f kfaf ~bmpbiib{) pgkib`f{ f ktgbt `fkwagmpf{ `g pgxpf

rwg kfmpgmobm ekhb{ kibsg{-

Tgbiezbt wmb mbsgobkem {gowtb gm Empgtmgp:

f Kfaf {g gx~fm`t kfm a{ `gpbiig a{ b`gibmpg {g `gdg wpeiezbt wmb

bwpgmpekbkem {gowtb: bi emptf`wket gi w{wbtef u kfmptb{gb ib emcftabkem

`gdg et kectb`b) ~btb kgtkeftbt{g `g giif g{ mgkg{btef b{gowtbt{g rwg

`wtbmpg gi ~tfkg{f ib ètgkkem `g ib ~oemb kfaegmkg ~ft hpp~{:&&)g{~gkebiagmpg gm ft`gmb`ftg{ ~diekf{-

http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antivirus_Escritorio/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antivirus_Escritorio/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antivirus_en_linea/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antiespias_Escritorio/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antiespias_Escritorio/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antiespias_en_linea/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Analizadores_URL/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Contrasenas_seguras/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Contrasenas_seguras/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Analizadores_URL/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antiespias_en_linea/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antiespias_Escritorio/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antivirus_en_linea/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/Utiles_Gratuitos/Antivirus_Escritorio/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/http://www.osi.es/Protegete/Protege_tu_PC/


25/37

f Kfmceowtbt {w mbsgob`ft ~btb rwg {gb {gowtf-

f Bmbiezbt kfm wm ~tfotbab bmpesetw{ pf`f btkhesf rwg {g `g{kbtowg `g

Empgtmgp-

f Kfmceowtbt gi kfttgf gigkptmekf `g af`f {gowtf: wpeiezbm`f wm ceiptf bmpe!

{~ba u mf bdtegm`f cekhgtf{ {f{~gkhf{f{ `g cwgmpg{ `g{kfmfke`b{-

3-4-; Sgtecekbt ib igoepeae`b` `g ib gd

Gi {eowegmpg ~b{f ~btb tgbiezbt wmb kfa~tb {gowtb kfm{e{pg gm sgtecekbt ib igoepeae`b` `g

ib gd `g kfa~tb u kfa~tfdbt rwg g{ {gowtb-

^btb giif) gi btp- 4? `g ib Igu ;0&4>>4) `g 22 `g Jwief) afècekb`b ~ft ib Igu 73&4>>?

g{pbdigkg gi ~temke~ef `g ~tgsef kfm{gmpeaegmpf emcftab`f) {gom gi kwbi pf`b ib

emcftabkem rwg {g {waeme{ptg `gdg b~btgkgt gm ib ~bmpbiib `g abmgtb kibtb) kfa~tg{edig

g emgrwsfkb (btp- 0>-4 IFKA% u ckeiagmpg e`gmpecekbdig ~ft ~btpg `gi kfm{wae`ft) ~ft if

rwg) if{ ekfmf{ f gmibkg{ dbjf if{ kwbig{ {g fkwipg ib emcftabkem) hbm `g {gt if

{wcekegmpgagmpg gx~tg{esf{ `gi kfmpgme`f- @ekhf{ gmibkg{ {wgigm gmkfmptbt{g gm ib ~btpg

emcgteft `g ib gd-

Gi ~teagt ~b{f g{ e`gmpecekbt bi sgm`g`ft) ~btb if rwg g{ mgkg{btef dw{kbt gm ib ~oemb

gd ib e`gmpe`b` `g ib ga~tg{b

E`gmpecekbt ib fcgtpb kfagtkebi- Gi btp- 4> Igu ;0&4>>4 afècekb`b ~ft ib Igu 73&4>>?

g{pbdigkg rwg gm pf`b{ ib{ ~tf~wg{pb{ `g kfmptbpbkem `gdgt kfm{pbt emgrwsfkbagmpg

rwg {g ptbpb `g wmb fcgtpb `g kfmptbpf u mf `g wmb agtb kfawmekbkem ~wdiekepbteb-

Gm ~btpekwibt:

[g `gdg sgtecekbt ib igoepeae`b` `gi {epef gd: if{ bpbkbmpg{ empgmpbtm gmobbt

agèbmpg kfttgf{ gigkptmekf{ u ~oemb{ gd rwg {w~ibmpbm ib e`gmpe`b` `gi dbmkf

f kfagtkef- G{ mgkg{btef b~tgm`gt b tgkfmfkgt ~oemb{ gd u agm{bjg{

ctbw`wigmpf{) ~btb rwg g{pf mf fkwttb-

B {w sgz {g ~wg`g wpeiezbt kfaf b~fuf if{ ceiptf{ bmpectbw`g `g if{ mbsgob`ftg{

è{gb`f{ ~btb bigtpbt bi se{epbt wmb ~oemb ctbw`wigmpb u {ega~tg abmpgmegm`f gi

mbsgob`ft kfm wmb kfmceowtbkem {gowtb-

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26/37

[e g{ ib ~teagtb sgz rwg {g wpeiezbm if{ {gtsekef{ gm imgb `g wmb gmpe`b`

`g{kfmfke`b) {g hbm `g pgmgt gm kwgmpb if{ {eowegmpg{ kfm{gjf{ ~btb e`gmpecekbt

wmb gmpe`b` g obtbmpb{:

f Emcftabt{g {fdtg gi {epef bmpg{ `g kfa~tbt: `g{kfmcebt `g ga~tg{b{ rwg

fctgkgm ~tgkef{ `gab{eb`f dbjf{ f rwg mf cbkeiepbm ètgkkem c{ekb u

pgicfmf `g kfmpbkpf- [e g{pf{ `bpf{ g{pm è{~fmedig{) g{ kfmsgmegmpg

kfa~tfdbt ib gxe{pgmkeb `g ib ètgkkem f wpeiezbt gi pgicfmf ~btb

kfa~tfdbt rwg gi g{pbdigkeaegmpf gxe{pg-

f Iggt ib ^fipekb f @gkibtbkem `g ^tesbke`b` `gi {epef) ub rwg pf`b{ ib{

ga~tg{b{ rwg fctgkgm {w{ ~tf`wkpf{ gm Empgtmgp `gdgm fctgkgt

emcftabkem {fdtg gi ptbpbaegmpf rwg sbm b `bt b {w{ `bpf{ ~gt{fmbig{-Ib{ ~fipekb{ kft~ftbpesb{ {fdtg ptbpbaegmpf `g `bpf{ `g kbtkpgt ~gt{fmbi)

g{pm {wjgpb{ b ib Igu Ftomekb 27&2555 `g ^tfpgkkem `g @bpf{ `g

kbtkpgt ~gt{fmbi (IF^@%) b{ ib ~fipekb `g ~tesbke`b` `g ib gd `g{ktedg

gi ptbpbaegmpf rwg {pb hbkg `g ib emcftabkem rwg fdpegmg `g {w{ kiegmpg{-

Giif {wgig tgcigjbt{g gm `gpgtaemb`f{ b~btpb`f{ b ~eg `g ~oemb (~btpg

emcgteft `g ib gd% kfm gi g~otbcg `g Bse{f Igobi) ^fipekb `g ~tesbke`b`

f {eaeibt-

f Emcftabt{g `g ib{ Kfmèkefmg{ Ogmgtbig{ `g Kfmptbpbkem `g ib ~oemb

gd- Gi sgm`g`ft `gdg ~fmgt b è{~f{ekem `gi kfm{wae`ft ib{ kfmèkefmg{

ogmgtbig{ `g kfa~tb b ib{ rwg `gdb {wjgpbt{g gi kfmptbpf) `g abmgtb rwg

~wg`bm {gt owbt`b`b{ g ea~tg{b{ ~ft ~btpg `gi `g{pembpbtef) u {e mgkg{epb{

biowmb bkibtbkem) mf `gdg `w`bt gm kfmpbkpbt kfm ib ga~tg{b-

Agè`b{ pkmekb{ ~btb sgtecekbt ib {gowte`b` `g wm {epef gd

[g `gdg kfa~tfdbt {e gi {epef ~f{gg wm kgtpecekb`f `g {gowte`b`: wm kgtpecekb`f èoepbi g{

wm `fkwagmpf èoepbi agèbmpg gi kwbi wm pgtkgtf kfmcebdig (wmb bwpfte`b` `g kgtpecekbkem%

obtbmpezb ib semkwibkem gmptg ib e`gmpe`b` `g wm {wjgpf f gmpe`b` u {w kibsg ~diekb-

G{ bkfm{gjbdig fd{gtsbt gm ib dbttb `g ètgkkefmg{ `gi mbsgob`ft u kfa~tfdbt rwg ib

ètgkkem gd kfaegmzb ~ft hpp~{:&&) mftabiagmpg g{ mekbagmpg hpp~- @g g{pg af`f

{g emèkb rwg ib emcftabkem ptbm{kwttg kectb`b u b{ {g gsepb rwg wm bpbkbmpg ~wg`b

kb~pwtbt if{ `bpf{-

Eiw{ptbkem 0: Kfawmekbkem {gowtb u mf {gowtb {gom gi emèkbpesf `gi ~tfpfkfif wpeiezb`f gm ib

kfawmekbkem



27/37

Pbadem {g `gdg sgtecekbt if{ emèkb`ftg{ `g {gowte`b` `gi {epef gd gm gi kwbi {g

emotg{bt ib emcftabkem ~gt{fmbi: kwbm`f wmb ~oemb gd pegmg wm kgtpecekb`f sie`f)

b~btgkg kfaf emèkbpesf wm kbm`b`f gm ib ~btpg emcgteft `gtgkhb f gm ib ~btpg {w~gteft

rwg emèkb rwg {g g{p w{bm`f gi ~tfpfkfif `g kfawmekbkem {gowtf HPP^[) rwg

obtbmpezb ib kfawmekbkem {gowtb gmptg gi {gtse`ft u gi kiegmpg) gsepbm`f `g g{g af`f rwg

~gt{fmb{ bjgmb{ kb~pwtgm if{ bpf{ empgtkbadeb`f{-

Gm gi ~ftpbi `g kfa~tb {g awg{ptb gi kbm`b`f `g abmgtb{ è{pempb{ `g~gmègm`f `gi pe~f

`g mbsgob`ft- Bi {gigkkefmbt kfm gi tbpm èkhf kbm`b`f {g bdtg wmb sgmpbmb rwg

kfmpegmg pf`f{ if{ `bpf{ `gi kgtpecekb`f [[I) b{ kfaf if{ `bpf{ `g ib gmpe`b` `g

kgtpecekbkem rwg if ogmgt-

Gm cwmkem `gi pe~f `g kgtpecekb`f [[I rwg {g g{p wpeiezbm`f ([[I f GS![[I%) ~wg`gb~btgkgt ib dbttb `g ètgkkem f ~btpg `g ib ae{ab `g kfift sgt`g f bzwi:

Kgtpecekb`f{ {gowtf{ ~btb ib{ ~oemb{ gd

Kgtpecekb`f [[I!GS (gxpgm`g`!sbie`bpefm%

G{ gi kgtpecekb`f [[I rwg emkft~ftb a{ agè`b{ `g {gowte`b`- G{ gi a{ {gowtf u

kfmcetab ib igoepeae`b` `g ib ~oemb-

Gi kgtpecekb`f b~ftpb emcftabkem {fdtg ib ga~tg{b b ib rwg {g kfa~tb) b{gowtbm`f bi

w{wbtef rwg ekhb emcftabkem g{ kegtpb-

Gm if{ è{pempf{ mbsgob`ftg{ {g sgtb `gi {eowegmpg af`f:

Eiw{ptbkem 7: Dbttb `g ètgkkem `gi mbsgob`ft Empgtmgp Gx~iftgt kwbm`f bkkg`gaf{ b wmb ~oemb

_gd rwg ~f{gg wm kgtpecekb`f [[I!GS

Eiw{ptbkem 3: Dbttb `g ètgkkem `gi mbsgob`ft Afzeiib Cetgcfx kwbm`f bkkg`gaf{ b wmb ~oemb

_gd rwg ~f{gg wm kgtpecekb`f [[I!GS

Eiw{ptbkem ?: Dbttb `g ètgkkem `gi mbsgob`ft [bcbte kwbm`f bkkg`gaf{ b wmb ~oemb _gd rwg

~f{gg wm kgtpecekb`f [[I!GS

Kgtpecekb`f [[I

Gi kgtpecekb`f [[I rwg w{b ib ~oemb mf ~tf~ftkefmb emcftabkem `g e`gmpe`b`) g{ `gket) mf{g hb iigob`f b sgtecekbt rwg ib ètgkkem ~gtpgmgkg tgbiagmpg b ib gmpe`b`-

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb 4? `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


28/37

^ft g{pg afpesf ~btb ~f`gt wpeiezbt ib ~oemb kfm wmb{ ameab{ obtbmpb{ gi w{wbtef `gdgg{pbt {gowtf `g rwg:

Ib ètgkkem `g ib ~oemb rwg sb b se{epbt ~gtpgmgkg b ib gmpe`b`-

Ib ètgkkem gm ib dbttb `g mbsgobkem g{p degm g{ktepb- Gm fkb{efmg{ if{

bpbkbmpg{ empgmpbm {w~ibmpbt ib{ ~oemb{ wpeiezbm`f ètgkkefmg{ {eaeibtg{ u ktgbm`f

~oemb{ ~tkpekbagmpg e`mpekb{-

Gm if{ è{pempf{ mbsgob`ftg{ {g sgtb `gi {eowegmpg af`f:

Eiw{ptbkem 8: Dbttb `g ètgkkem `gi mbsgob`ft Empgtmgp Gx~iftgt kwbm`f bkkg`gaf{ b wmb ~oemb_gd rwg ~f{gg wm kgtpecekb`f [[I

Eiw{ptbkem 5: Dbttb `g ètgkkem `gi mbsgob`ft Afzeiib Cetgcfx kwbm`f bkkg`gaf{ b wmb ~oemb

_gd rwg ~f{gg wm kgtpecekb`f [[I

Eiw{ptbkem 2>: Dbttb `g ètgkkem `gi mbsgob`ft [bcbte kwbm`f bkkg`gaf{ b wmb ~oemb _gd rwg

~f{gg wm kgtpecekb`f [[I

[e g{ ~f{edig) u b cem `g b{gowtbt gi kfmfkeaegmpf awpwf gmptg ib{ ~btpg{) g{ bkfm{gjbdig

wpeiezbt ib cetab gigkptmekb kfm kgtpecekb`f tgkfmfke`f (Igu 75&4>>; {fdtg cetab

gigkptmekb) `g 25 `g èkegadtg- Gm g{pg kb{f gi @ME gigkptmekf emkft~ftb wm khe~ kfm

èkhf pe~f `g cetab rwg cbkeiepb ib bwpgmpekbkem `gi w{wbtef-

3-4-0 Kfa~btbt u bmbiezbt gi {gtsekef `g ib pegm`b fmiemg-

Gi {eowegmpg ~b{f bmpg{ `g tgbiezbt ib kfa~tb g{ kfa~btbt u bmbiezbt gi {gtsekef `g ibpegm`b fmiemg-

G{ tgkfagm`bdig) wmb sgz {g pegmgm pf`f{ if{ `bpf{) kfa~btbt gi btpkwif u gi {gtsekef `g

ib gd `g kfa~tb gm if{ ècgtgmpg{ ~ftpbig{ g{~gkebiezb`f{ rwg ~gtaepgm sbiftbt gi

{gtsekef `g ib{ pegm`b{ fmiemg- Gjga~if{ `g èkhf{ ~ftpbig{ {fm Kebf (-kebf-g{%)

@ffuff(-`ffuff-g{%) Lgilff(-lgilff-g{% f Pgmob(-pgmob-g{%-

Pbadem g{ tgkfagm`bdig bkkg`gt b kfawme`b`g{ f cftf{ gm ib Tg` rwg tgmbm

f~emefmg{ ea~btkebig{ `g if{ kfm{wae`ftg{ b{ kfaf emcftabkem bkpwbiezb`b `g if{

~tgkef{ u ~tf`wkpf{ fctgke`f{ ~ft if{ bmwmkebmpg{) b ib sgz rwg b ib gd fcekebi `gicbdtekbmpg `fm`g {g ~wg`g kfa~tfdbt rwg ib{ kbtbkpgt{pekb{ pkmekb{ `gi ~tf`wkpf {fm

ib{ ae{ab{ rwg emèkb gi kfagtkebmpg-

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3-4-7 Kfa~tfdbt ib{ kfmèkefmg{ `g kfa~tb

Ib igu ?&2553) `g 27 `g Gmgtf) `g Ft`gmbkem `gi Kfagtkef Aemfte{pb gm {w btp- 0>

g{pbdigkg rwg bmpg{ `g tgbiezbt ib kfa~tb gi sgm`g`ft `gdgt emcftabt bi kfm{wae`ft `g:

Ib{ kbtbkpgt{pekb{ g{gmkebig{ gi ~tf`wkpf-

Gi ~tgkef pfpbi (emkiwe`f{ if{ ea~wg{pf{%-

If{ ob{pf{ `g gmptgob u ptbm{~ftpg-

Gm ~btpekwibt) u hbkegm`f tgcgtgmkeb b ib{ kfmèkefmg{ ogmgtbig{ `g kfmptbpbkem rwg {g

segtfm gm if{ ~b{f{ bmpgteftg{) ib e`gb g{ `gcemet gm kfmktgpf {pb{ gm ib kfa~tb rwg {g

~tgpgm`g tgbiezbt- ^ft giif g{ tgkfagm`bdig kfa~tfdbt if{ `bpf{ ~btpekwibtg{ `g ib

kfa~tb u rwg {g è{~fmgm tgcgtgmkeb`f{ gm gi ie{pb`f `g bttedb-

3-4-3 Kfmcetabkem `g ib kfa~tb u bkw{g `g tgkedf `g ib ae{ab (cb{g kfmptbkpwbi%

Wmb sgz {g hbm tgbiezb`f if{ ~b{f{ bmpgteftg{ `g cftab kfttgkpb) bpgmègm`f b if{

tgrwe{epf{ `g {gowte`b` g{pbdigke`f{) gi ipeaf ~b{f b ib hftb `g hbkgt ib kfa~tb gcgkpesb

g{ bkg~pbt ib{ kfmèkefmg{ `g ib ae{ab u tgbiezbtib-

Gm g{g ~tgke{f em{pbmpg) u {gom ib Igu ;0&4>>4) `g 22 `g Jwief) `g [gtsekef{ `g ib

[fkeg`b` `g ib Emcftabkem u `g Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf) {g g{pbdigkg rwg kfm

~f{pgtefte`b` bi bkwgt`f `g kfa~tb) gi sgm`g`ft g{p fdieob`f b kfmcetabt bi kfa~tb`ftrwg hb tgkede`f {w bkg~pbkem b ib kfa~tb `gi ~tf`wkpf f {gtsekef- G{pf ~wg`g tgbiezbtif

`g ib{ {eowegmpg{ abmgtb{:

2% Agèbmpg wmb ~oemb gd tg{wagm `g ib ptbm{bkkem) {ega~tg rwg ~gtaepb

biabkgmbt f ea~teaet wmb kf~eb kfaf kfa~tfdbmpg `g kfa~tb-

@ekhf tg{wagm `gdg kfmpgmgt kb`b wmf `g if{ kfmkg~pf{ `gi ~tgkef `g{oif{b`f

`g cftab emèse`wbi- B{ ae{af gi kfm{wae`ft hb `g pgmgt ib f~kem `g afècekbt

èkhf{ `bpf{ f bmwibt ib kfa~tb gm gi kb{f `g rwg mf ig ~btgkegtgm kfttgkpf{-

4% Tgbiezbm`f gi gmsf `g wm bkw{g `g tgkedf ~ft kfttgf gigkptmekf w fptf agèf

`g kfawmekbkem gigkptmekb grwesbigmpg b ib ètgkkem rwg gi kfm{wae`ft hbub

{gbib`f) gm gi ~ibzf `g ib{ 40 hftb{ {eowegmpg{ b ib tgkg~kem `g ib bkg~pbkem-

@ekhf bkw{g `g tgkedf emkiwug ogmgtbiagmpg wm magtf `g ~gè`f rwg cbkeiepb ib

e`gmpecekbkem u tg{fiwkem `g if{ ~tfdigab{ ~ft ~btpg `gi {gtsekef ~f{psgmpb-

G{pg kfa~tfdbmpg pegmg if{ ae{af{ gcgkpf{ igobig{ rwg wm peklgp `g kfa~tb gm wm

kfagtkef ptbèkefmbi {egm`f mgkg{btef b ib hftb `g gjgtkgt if{ `gtgkhf{ `gi kfm{wae`ft-

^ft giif g{ tgkfagm`bdig ea~teaet u owbt`bt wmb kf~eb `g èkhf tgkedf jwmpf kfm wmbkf~eb `g if{ ptaemf{ u kfmèkefmg{ `g ib sgmpb b{ kfaf `g ib{ kbtbkpgt{pekb{ `gi

~tf`wkpf-



30/37

? [GIIF[ @G KFMCEBMZB

B ib sgz rwg {g em{pbibm u kfmceowtbm ib{ agè`b{ `g {gowte`b`) u {g tgbiezbm ib{kfa~tfdbkefmg{ igobig{ u pkmekb{ {fdtg ib ~oemb `g kfa~tb) pbadem g{ mgkg{btef

iigsbt b kbdf wmb{ dwgmb{ ~tkpekb{ ~btb gjgkwpbt wmb kfa~tb&sgmpb {gowtb b ptbs{ `g

Empgtmgp- Gm ~btpekwibt) ib bkpwbkem a{ ea~ftpbmpg ~btb giif g{ sgtecekbt ib kbie`b` `g ib

ga~tg{b rwg iigsb ib sgmpb fmiemg-

?-2 KAF [G SGTECEKB [E IB GA^TG[B [G GMKWGMPTB B@HGTE@B B WM

[GIIF @G KFMCEBMZB6

Ib Igu ;0&4>>4 (I[[EKG% g{pbdigkg ib ~f{edeie`b` `g bwpfttgowibkem `gi {gkpft agèbmpg

gi `g{bttfiif `g kèof{ `g kfm`wkpb sfiwmpbtef{ ~ft ~btpg `g kft~ftbkefmg{)b{fkebkefmg{ w ftobmezbkefmg{ kfagtkebig{) ~tfcg{efmbig{ u `g kfm{wae`ftg{-

Gi Tgbi @gktgpf 223;&4>>7 `g ;> `g {g~pegadtg u afècekb`f ~ft ib è{~f{ekem cembi

pgtkgtb `gi Tgbi @gktgpf 4;2&4>>8 `g 27 `g cgdtgtf b~twgdb gi {giif `g kfmcebmzb kfaf

wm ifofpe~f f abtkb ~btb rwg if{ kfm{wae`ftg{ ~wg`bm è{pemowet brwgiif{ ~tg{pb`ftg{ `g

{gtsekef{ rwg emkft~ftbm obtbmpb{ rwg ~tf~ftkefmbm wm gigsb`f mesgi `g ~tfpgkkem `g

{w{ gtgkhf{-

Ib emcftabkem bkgtkb `g ib{ kbtbkpgt{pekb{ `g if{ {giif{ `g kfmcebmzb b{ kfaf ib{

ga~tg{b{ b`hgte`b{ b if{ ae{af{ ib fctgkg ib ~oemb fcekebi `gi Em{pepwpf Mbkefmbi `giKfm{waf- Gm ib bkpwbie`b` hbu ptg{ kèof{ `g kfm`wkpb f {giif{ `g kfmcebmzb rwg

kwgmpbm kfm gi @e{pempesf ^diekf `g Kfmcebmzb gm Imgb tgkfmfke`f ~ft gi Em{pepwpf

Mbkefmbi `gi Kfm{waf:

?-2-2 Kèof `g KFMCEBMZB FM IEMG

^tfafse`f ~ft ib B{fkebkem ~btb ib Bwpfttgowibkem `g ib Kfawmekbkem

Kfagtkebi (BWPFKFMPTFI%) B{fkebkem G{~bfib `g Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf u

Abtlgpemo Tgibkefmbi (BGKGA% u ib gmpe`b` ~diekb ga~tg{btebi Tg`-g{

Kèof `g KFMCEBMZB FM IEMG

?-2-4 Kèof `g KFM@WKPB B^PEKG

^tfafse`f ~ft ib B{fkebkem ~btb ib ~tfafkem `g ib{ pgkmfifob{

`g ib Emcftabkem u gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf (B^PEKG%-

Kèof `g KFM@WKPB B^PEKG

?-2-; ~peab _gd: Kèof `g Kfmcebmzb Fmiemg u G!Kfaagtkg

^tfafse`f ~ft ib B{fkebkem ~btb gi cfagmpf `gi kfagtkef GigkptmekfGa~tg{btebi (BMGPKFA%

~peab _gd: Kèof `g Kfmcebmzb Fmiemg u G!Kfaagtkg

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb ;> `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem
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31/37

8 @M@G U KFAF TGKIBABT [E IB KFA^TB MF G[

[BPE[CBKPFTEB

G{ mgkg{btef ~btb gi kew`b`bmf kfmfkgt if{ ~temke~big{ apf`f{ `g tgkibabkem gm gi

kb{f `g rwg wmb kfa~tb mf hbub {e`f {bpe{cbkpfteb- Ib{ f~kefmg{ rwg {g ~tg{gmpbm ~btb

gi kfm{wae`ft {fm:

Tgkibabkem bmpg gi {gtsekef ~f{psgmpb `g ib ga~tg{b-

Tgkibabkem bmpg ib gmpe`b` og{pftb `gi {giif `g kfmcebmzb-

Tgkibabkem bmpg ib{ Bàeme{ptbkefmg{ g Kfm{waf kfa~gpgmpg{-

Tg{fisgt ib{ kfmptfsgt{eb{ ~ft sb gxptbjwèkebi tgkibabm`f bmpg if{ {e{pgab{

btdeptbig{ `g kfm{waf-

Bkwèt b ib sb jwèkebi g empgt~fmgt `gabm`b bmpg gi ptedwmbi kfa~gpgmpg-

Tgkibabkefmg{ gm gi gxptbmjgtf-

@m`g bkwèt u `gmwmkebt gm kb{f `g ctbw`g-

B cem `g kibtecekbt èkhb{ sb{ {g gx~fmgm b kfmpemwbkem if{ ~temke~big{ ~b{f{ b tgbiezbt`g kbtb b ib tgkibabkem:

8-2 TGKIBABKEM BMPG GI [GTSEKEF ^F[PSGMPB @G IB GA^TG[B

G{ ib ~teagtb sb `g tgkibabkem `g ib{ kfa~tb{ b ptbs{ `g Empgtmgp- Gi {gtsekef

~f{psgmpb `g wmb ga~tg{b hb `g obtbmpezbt ib b{e{pgmkeb u {f~ftpg bi kfm{wae`ft wmb sgz

tgbiezb`b ib kfa~tb u bmpg kwbirwegt ~tfdigab rwg ~wègtb {wtoet-

B cem `g tgbiezbt ib tgkibabkem kfttgkpbagmpg {g tgkfaegm`b emkiwet if{ {eowegmpg{ `bpf{:

2% Gi magtf f e`gmpecekb`ft `g cbkpwtb u ib cgkhb `g kfa~tb-

4% [w mfadtg u ètgkkem-

;% ^tf`wkpf b`rwete`f u ~tgkef-

0% Fdjgpf `g ib tgkibabkem-

7% Kf~eb{ (mwmkb if{ fteoembig{% `g `fkwagmpf{ rwg g{pm tgibkefmb`f{ kfm ib

kfa~tb (cbkpwtb) kfmèkefmg{ ogmgtbig{) kfttgf{ gigkptmekf{ empgtkbadeb`f{)

gpk-%

Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb ;2 `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem


32/37

3% Emèkbt {e ~tgcegtg rwg ig kbadegm gi ~tf`wkpf ~ft fptf f rwg ig `gswgisbm gi

èmgtf-

?% Emèkbt wmb cgkhb axeab gm ib kwbi {g g{~gtb hbdgt tgkede`f wmb tg{~wg{pb fbkkem ~ft ~btpg `g ib ga~tg{b-

B {w sgz g{ awu ea~ftpbmpg owbt`bt wmb kf~eb `g èkhb kbtpb) gabei f cbx rwg {g tgaepb u

hbkgt kf~eb{ g ib{ tg{~wg{pb{ tgkede`b{-

8-4 TGKIBABKEM BMPG IB GMPE@B@ OG[PFTB @GI [GIIF @G KFMCEBMZB

Ib{ kfa~tb{ tgbiezb`b{ gm ga~tg{b{ rwg kwgmpbm kfm wm {giif `g kfmcebmzb fdieobmogmgtbiagmpg b ib{ ae{ab{ b bkg~pbt wm {e{pgab empgtmf `g tg{fiwkem `g kfmciekpf{-

G{ gi kb{f `g ga~tg{b{ b`hgte`b{ b {giif{ `g kbie`b` kfaf Kfmcebmzb Fmiemg) Kbie`b`

Bobkg u F~peab _gd) rwg kfaf {g emèk bmpgteftagmpg kwgmpbm kfm gi è{pempesf ~diekf

`g kfmcebmzb gm imgb-

@ekhf {e{pgab g{ otbpwepf g ea~btkebi {egm`f ~tgsef b kwbirwegt bkpwbkem `g ib

bàeme{ptbkem-

8-4-2 Kaf tgkibabt gm Kfmcebmzb Fmiemg

Agèbmpg èkhf {e{pgab {g fctgkg wm em{ptwagmpf `g tg{fiwkem gxptbjwèkebi `g

kfmptfsgt{eb{ t~e`f) gkfmaekf u gcekbz- [e {g `g{gb tgkibabt {fdtg wmb ~wdieke`bèmpgtbkpesb f kfagtkef gigkptmekf {g ~wg`g hbkgt g{`g ib {eowegmpg etgkkem:

hpp~:&&-kfmcebmzbfmiemg-g{&tgkibabkefmg{&`bpf{-~h~

B pbi cem kwbm`f wmb tgkibabkem iigob b ib {gktgpbtb `g Kfmcebmzb Fmiemg) ~btb emekebt if{

ptaepg{ kfttg{~fmègmpg{ {pb mgkg{epb ~f`gt e`gmpecekbt kibtbagmpg bi tgkibabmpg) rw

{g g{p tgkibabm`f (fdjgpf `g ib tgkibabkem% u kfmptb rwem {g tgkibab (ga~tg{b

tgkibab`b%- ^ft g{pg afpesf) g{ awu ea~ftpbmpg rwg gi tgkibabmpg ~tf~ftkefmg) bi

agmf{) emcftabkem gpbiib`b {fdtg if{ {eowegmpg{ gxptgaf{:

@bpf{ gi tgkibabmpg

Gm gi kb{f `g rwg gi tgkibabmpg {gb wm kfm{wae`ft emèse`wbi) `gdg b~ftpbt wmb

cfpfkf~eb `gi @ME f `fkwagmpf fcekebi grwesbigmpg u if{ `bpf{ `g {w `faekeief) pgicfmf `g

kfmpbkpf) kfttgf gigkptmekf) gpk-) u) gm kb{f `g {gt {w `faekeief ècgtgmpg bi tgkfoe`f gm

{w fkwagmpf g e`gmpecekbkem) ib ètgkkem gi ae{af-

[e gi tgkibabmpg g{ wmb ga~tg{b) `gdg emèkbt {w `gmfaembkem f tbzm {fkebi) gi

`faekeief {fkebi u) gm {w kb{f) if{ `bpf{ ~gt{fmbig{ `g {w tg~tg{gmpbmpg igobi rwg)

b`ga{) gdgm b~ftpbt{g bi g{ktepf g tgkibabkem-

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Owb {fdtg {gowte`b` u ~tesbke`b` gm gi Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf ôemb ;; `g ;?Fd{gtsbpftef `g ib [gowte`b` `g ib Emcftabkem

@bpf{ gi tgkibab`f

{pf{ `gdgm {gt if a{ `gpbiib`f{ rwg tg{wipg ~f{edig) g{~gkebiagmpg gm if tgibpesf bi

mfadtg f `gmfaembkem {fkebi `gi tgkibab`f-

E`gmpecekbkem `g ib kfm`wkpb tgkibab`b

Gi tgkibabmpg `gdg `g{ktedet `g ib cftab a{ ~tgke{b ~f{edig ib kfm`wkpb gm kwg{pem)

emèkbm`f kfm kibte`b` if{ afpesf{ ~ft if{ rwg gi tgkibabmpg kfm{e`gtb rwg {g emctemog gi

Kèof pekf `g Kfagtkef Gigkptmekf u ^wdieke`b` Empgtbkpesb7- If{ `bpf{ tgibpesf{ b g{pg

~wmpf tg{wipbm g sepbi ea~ftpbmkeb ~btb wmb kfttgkpb ptbaepbkem gi ~tfkgèaegmpf-

@fkwagmpbkem u ~twgdb{

Gi tgkibabmpg `gdg b~ftpbt) jwmpf kfm {w tgkibabkem) pf`f{ if{ `fkwagmpf{ u ~twgdb{~gtpemgmpg{ rwg {etsbm `g b~fuf b {w{ bigobkefmg{-

Ib{ tgkibabkefmg{ ~f`tm gmsebt{g `g `f{ cftab{:

2% ^ft kfttgf ~f{pbi b ib [gktgpbtb `g Kfmcebmzb Fmiemg (Kfm`g `g ^gbisgt) 74 !

; @ ! 48>>3 Ab`te`% f ~ft cbx bi magtf: 52 0>4 8; ;5 `g bkwgt`f kfm gi

{eowegmpg cftawibtef:

4% Tgiigmbm`f u gmsebm`f gi {eowegmpg cftawibtef fmiemg:

Gm badf{ kb{f{) wmb sgz tgkede`b ib tgkibabkem) ib [gktgpbtb `g Kfmcebmzb Fmiemg {g

~fm`t gm kfmpbkpf kfm gi empgtg{b`f-

8-; TGKIBABKEM BMPG IB[ B@AEME[PTBKEFMG[ @G KFM[WAF

KFA^GPGMPG[

[e ib tg{~wg{pb fdpgme`b mf g{ {bpe{cbkpfteb) {g ~wg`gm empgt~fmgt tgkibabkefmg{ bmpg ib

bàeme{ptbkem kfa~gpgmpg gm abpgteb `g kfm{waf- B pbi cem g{ tgkfagm`bdig bkwèt b ib

Fcekemb Awmeke~bi g Emcftabkem bi Kfm{wae`ft3 (FAEK% `g {w ifkbie`b`-

Ib cwmkem `g èkhb{ fcekemb{ g{ emcftabt u ftegmpbt b if{ kfm{wae`ftg{ gm gi gjgtkekef `g

{w{ `gtgkhf{) b ib sgz rwg tgaepgm ib{ tgkibabkefmg{ u `gmwmkeb{ ~tg{gmpb`b{ b if{

ftobme{af{ kfa~gpgmpg{ gm tbzm `g ib abpgteb f pgttepftef ~btb {w tg{fiwkem-

Ib Bàeme{ptbkem kfa~gpgmpg wmb sgz tgkede`b ib `gmwmkeb emekeb wmb agèbkem kfm ibga~tg{b kfm ib rwg gi kfm{wae`ft abmpegmg ib è{~wpb b cem `g iigobt b wm bkwgt`f gmptgbadb{ ~btpg{-

Gm èkhb{ fcekemb{ {g ig cbkeiepb bi w{wbtef b {w sgz wm af`gif `g cftawibtef `g kbtb b

~tg{gmpbt ib tgkibabkem- [e degm èkhb cftabie`b` mf g{ fdieobpfteb-

7 @e{~fmedig gm: hpp~:&&-bwpfkfmptfi-g{&~`c{&Kf`VKfmcebmzbFmiemg-~`c3[g ~wg`gm kfm{wipbt ib{ ètgkkefmg{ `g g{pb{ bàeme{ptbkefmg{ gm: hpp~:&&kfm{waf!emk-g{&ètgkpftef&empgteft&faek&faek-hpa
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B cem `g ~tg{gmpbt ib `gmwmkeb {gt mgkg{btef emkiwet:

Ib e`gmpecekbkem `g ib ga~tg{b tgkibab`b-

Gi fdjgpf `g ib rwgjb-

Wmb sgz tgkede`b ib `gmwmkeb f tgkibabkem gi tobmf kfa~gpgmpg emekeb ib{ bkkefmg{

~gtpemgmpg{ ~btb ib `gpgtaembkem u kfa~tfdbkem `g ib{ ae{ab{ bdtegm`f gm {w kb{f gi

~tfkgèaegmpf {bmkefmb`ft-

8-0 TGKIBABKEM BMPG IF[ [E[PGAB[ BTDEPTBIG[ @G KFM[WAF

Gi btdeptbjg gigkptmekf g kfm{waf pegmg ib{ {eowegmpg{ kbtbkpgt{pekb{:

Otbpwe`b`

Bkkg{edeie`b`

G{~gkebiezbkem

Boeie`b`

Sfiwmpbteg`b`

Gi btp 4; `g ib I[[EKG g{pbdigkg rwg g{ mgkg{btef rwg kfm{pg ib sfiwmpb` emgrwsfkb `gib{ ~btpg{ `g {fagpgt gi iepeoef b if{ tdeptf{ u ib `g kwa~iet gi ibw`f gaepe`f ~ft if{

ae{af-

Ib {fiekepw` `g btdeptbjg hb `g cftabiezbt{g ~gt{fmbiagmpg bmpg ib Jwmpb Btdeptbi `g

Kfm{waf b ib rwg badb{ ~btpg{) `g kfam bkwgt`f) {fagpbm ib tg{fiwkem `gi kfmciekpf)

f gm {w `gcgkpf ib rwg kfttg{~fm`b bi `faekeief `gi kfm{wae`ft-

Gi kb{f g{ tg{wgipf ~ft wm ptedwmbi empgotb`f ~ft ptg{ tdeptf{ rwg obtbmpezb wmb {fiwkem

ea~btkebi u fdjgpesb) {egm`f ib tg{fiwkem èkpb`b ~ft gi ptedwmbi semkwibmpg) `g fdieob`fkwa~ieaegmpf ~btb ib{ ~btpg{ u kgttbm`f gi bkkg{f b ib sb jwèkebi-

Gi btdeptbjg `g kfm{waf ~f`t tgbiezbt{g b {w sgz `g cftab pgigapekb b ptbs{ `g

Empgtmgp) gm brwgiib{ Jwmpb{ Btdeptbig{ rwg sfiwmpbtebagmpg {g hbubm b`{ktepf b ib

bàeme{ptbkem `g btdeptbjg gigkptmekf- G{pg {g tgbiezb mpgotbagmpg b ptbs{ `g {e{pgab{

gigkptmekf{) `g{`g ib {fiekepw`) hb{pb ib pgtaembkem `gi ~tfkgèaegmpf) emkiwugm`f ib{

mfpecekbkefmg{-



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^btb rwg ib tgkibabkem `gi kfm{wae`ft ~wg`b tgbiezbt{g agèbmpg gi [e{pgab Btdeptbi `g

Kfm{waf) ib ga~tg{b `gdg hbdgt{g b`hgte`f bi ae{af) if rwg ~wg`g kfa~tfdbt{g

`g{`g ib Fcekemb setpwbi `g èkhf {e{pgab gm ib {eowegmpg ètgkkem:

hpp~:&&btdeptbjg`gkfm{waf-a{k-g{

8-7 [E[PGAB JW@EKEBI

Ib ipeab f~kem rwg {g ig{ ~tg{gmpb b if{ kfm{wae`ftg{) g{ bkwèt b ib sb jwèkebi

tgkibabm`f bmpg if{ Ptedwmbig{ Ftèmbtef{ `g Jw{pekeb ib{ em`gamezbkefmg{ ~ft `bf{ u

~gtjwekef{-

Kbdg ga~tgm`gt `f{ sb{) ib sb kesei u ib sb ~gmbi ({e gmpegm`g rwg ib bkpwbkem `g ib

pegm`b fmiemg ~wg`b gmptgsgt ib kfae{em `g wm `giepf%-

[e degm b ib hftb `g tgbiezbt wmb tgkibabkem jwèkebi g{ mgkg{btef {f~g{bt gi kf{pg pbmpf

`g ib kfm{wipb jwtèkb b{ kfaf `g if{ kf{pg{ jwèkebig{ gm tgibkem bi sbift `g if rwg {g

rwegtg tgkibabt) `b`f rwg gi kf{pg `gi ~tfkgèaegmpf ~wg`g gxkg`gt gm mwagtf{b{

fkb{efmg{ gi sbift `g if tgkibab`f-

8-3 TGKIBABKEFMG[ GM GI GXPTBMJGTF

Gi Tgoibagmpf Kfawmepbtef 00&4>>2 g{pbdig rwg gi kfm{wae`ft ~wg`g:

@gabm`bt bmpg if{ ptedwmbig{ `gi G{pb`f aegadtf gm gi rwg g{pwsegtg `faekeieb`fgi ga~tg{btef

@gabm`bt bmpg if{ ptedwmbig{ `gi G{pb`f `fm`g g{pwsegtg `faekeieb`f gi

kfm{wae`ft (Cftwa Bkpfte{%

Gm db{g b ib mftabpesb empgtmbkefmbi u kfawmepbteb {fdtg ib abpgteb (Kfmsgmef `g Tfab

`g 258> u Tgoibagmpf Tfab E%) gi kfm{wae`ft g{pbt ~tfpgoe`f) `b`f rwg:

Gi jwgz b~iekbt ib igu gigoe`b ~ft ib{ ~btpg{ gm {w kfmptbpf) {ega~tg rwg g{pb

gigkkem mf ~tesg bi kfm{wae`ft `g ib ~tfpgkkem `g ib{ è{~f{ekefmg{ ea~gtbpesb{

`g ib igu `gi ~b{ gm rwg pgmob {w tg{e`gmkeb hbdepwbi-

Gm bw{gmkeb `g gigkkem) if{ kfmptbpf{ `g kfm{waf {g tgoetm ~ft ib igu `gi ~b{

gm rwg gi kfm{wae`ft pgmob {w tg{e`gmkeb hbdepwbi (Btp- 7-; KT%

8-? GM KB[F @G CTBW@G

Ib kfibdftbkem `g if{ kiegmpg{ u w{wbtef{ `gi {gtsekef bcgkpb`f g{ cwm`bagmpbi ~btb

~f`gt empgtkg~pbt b pega~f if{ empgmpf{ `g ctbw`g u ~f`gt ifkbiezbt iwobtg{ `g{`g `fm`g

{g ~wdiekbm ~oemb{) {g gaepgm agm{bjg{ ctbw`wigmpf{ f `fm`g {g tgkedgm if{ `bpf{kb~pwtb`f{-

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^btb cbkeiepbt g{pb kfibdftbkem) ib Fcekemb [gowte`b` `gi Empgtmbwpb ~fmg b {w è{~f{ekem

wm cftawibtef `g bipb `g emke`gmpg{) `g{`g `fm`g gi w{wbtef ~wg`g emèkbtig ib{ gmpe`b`g{

bcgkpb`b{ u ib emcftabkem è{~fmedig {fdtg gi kb{f `g ctbw`g) b{ kfaf gi pgicfmf `g

b{e{pgmkeb 5>2 222 242-

[e {g hb {e`f skpeab `g wm ctbw`g) g{ kfmsgmegmpg ~fmgt emagèbpbagmpg ib `gmwmkeb

kfttg{~fmègmpg- B pbi gcgkpf ~wg`g ~fmgt{g gm kfmpbkpf kfm:

8-?-2 @etgkkem Ogmgtbi `g ib ^fiekb (-~fiekeb-g{%

Ib @etgkkem Ogmgtbi `g ib ^fiekb) b ptbs{ `g ib Kfae{btb Ogmgtbi `g ^fiekb Jwèkebi)

hb ktgb`f ib Dteob`b `g Emsg{peobkem Pgkmfioekb f~gtbpesb ib{ 40 hftb{) ~btb kfadbpet

ib `giemkwgmkeb rwg wpeiezb if{ agèf{ rwg ~tf~ftkefmbm ib{ mwgsb{ Pgkmfifob{ `g ib

Emcftabkem-

Ib{ `gmwmkeb{ ~wg`gm tgbiezbt{g gm gi pgicfmf: 52-784-45->>) ~ft kfttgf gigkptmekf:

`giepf{-pgkmfifoekf{N~fiekeb-g{-

Ib ~tg{gmpbkem `g ib `gmwmkeb {g ~wg`g tgbiezbt b ptbs{ `gi pgicfmf: 5>4 2>4 224) gm

gi ~ftpbi `g ib ~fiekb f gm kwbirwegt kfae{btb-

8-?-4 @etgkkem Ogmgtbi `g ib Owbtèb Kesei (-owbtèbkesei-g{%

Ib @etgkkem Ogmgtbi `g ib Owbtèb Kesei kwgmpb kfm gi Otw~f `g @giepf{ Pgigapekf{

(O@P% `g ib Wme`b` Kgmptbi F~gtbpesb (WKF%) kfm gi rwg {g ~wg`g kfmpbkpbt b ptbs{ `gib {gkkem kfibdftb `g {w ~oemb gd f `gi kfttgf gigkptmekf:

`giepf{pgigabpekf{Nowbtèbkesei-fto

8-?-; ^fiekb{ bwpfmaekb{

Ib{ ~fiekb{ bwpfmaekb{ pbadem pegmgm {w{ ~tf~ef{ otw~f{ g{~gkebiezb`f{ gm `giepf{

tgibkefmb`f{ kfm ib{ mwgsb{ pgkmfifob{:

Ib Gtpzbempzb è{~fmg `g ib [gkkem Kgmptbi `g @giepf{ gm Pgkmfifob{ `g ib Emcftabkem

kfm ib rwg {g ~wg`g kfmpbkpbt b ptbs{ `gi kfttgf: `giepf{emcftabpekf{Ngtpzbempzb-mgp

If{ Af{{f{ `G{rwb`tb ptbdbjbm `g cftab g{~gkebiezb`b `g{`g ib Wme`b` `g Kgmptbi `g

@giepf{ Emcftapekf{ kfm ib rwg {g ~wg`g kfmgkpbt b ptbs{ `g ib{ cftab{ `g kfmpbkpf rwg

{g emèkbm gm {w ~oemb gd-
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Em{pepwpfMbkefmbi`gPgkmfifob{`gibKfawmekbkem

Guia sobre seguridad y privacidad en el Comercio Electrónico - INTECO

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