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COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACAN SISTEMA DE ENSEÑANZA ABIERTA UNIDAD MORELIA GUIA DE ESTUDIOS CORRESPONDIENTE A: INGLES III NUEVA VERSION DE LA GUIA ELABORADA POR LA COORDINACION DEL S.E.A. DEL COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES EN MEXICO, D.F. BIOL. GREGORIO VALLEJO CASTRO ASESOR DE INGLES EN EL S.E.A. - UNIDAD MORELIA MORELIA, MICH. DICIEMBRE DE 1997.
Transcript of COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES DEL ESTADO - cedmm.org · Esta guía es un auxiliar en el aprendizaje del...
COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES DEL ESTADO
DE MICHOACAN
SISTEMA DE ENSEÑANZA ABIERTA
UNIDAD MORELIA
GUIA DE ESTUDIOS
CORRESPONDIENTE A:
INGLES III
NUEVA VERSION DE LA GUIA ELABORADA POR LA COORDINACION DEL S.E.A. DEL COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES EN MEXICO, D.F.
BIOL. GREGORIO VALLEJO CASTRO ASESOR DE INGLES EN EL S.E.A. - UNIDAD MORELIA
MORELIA, MICH. DICIEMBRE DE 1997.
CLAVES DE ESTUDIO Introducción
Esta guía es un auxiliar en el aprendizaje del idioma Inglés, para los
estudiantes del Sistema de Enseñanza Abierta del Colegio de Bachilleres.
Está diseñada para repasar las estructuras básicas del Inglés tomando
como base los conocimientos adquiridos en el semestre anterior; es decir,
constituye una secuencia pedagógica del mismo. Por lo tanto, esta guía cumple con
el objetivo general de esta asignatura señalado por el Colegio de Bachilleres.
Para facilitar su estudio y conducir de la mejor manera el proceso de su
aprendizaje, esta guía contiene:
1. Objetivos específicos
Al Principio de cada tema se plantean los objetivos que deba alcanzar en esa
fase de aprendizaje, antes de continuar con las siguientes.
2. Presentación o modelo estructural
En forma breve se presenta la estructura gramatical básica de cada uno de los
temas que se tratan, con la finalidad de demostrar, en forma objetiva, el mecanismo
operativo que debe dominar en los ejercicios respectivos.
3. Conceptos importantes
Los textos en letras mayúsculas enmarcados, se refieren a conceptos o reglas
que debes retener en la memoria por ser fundamentales para la realización de los
ejercicios y autoevaluaciones.
4.Ejercicios de aplicación.
En estos ejercicios, elaborados previamente por los asesores de la materia y
basados en el modelo que se presenta en cada tema, aplicarás los conocimientos
adquiridos.
Procura resolver todos los ejercicios que se indican, y lleva en tu cuaderno
de trabajo un registro de tus avances.
Las respuestas de cada ejercicio se encuentran al final de la guía trata de
no consultarlas hasta terminar el ejercicio respectivo: ésta es una forma de
autoevaluarse.
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No continúes con nuevos ejercicios hasta verificar que no cometes ningún
error en los que hayas resuelto. En caso de duda acude al asesor.
ALGO MUY IMPORTANTE:
Para resolver cualquier ejercicio, auxiliate de tu diccionario, ya que deberas
traducir cada oracion de los ejercicios pero trata de disminuir su uso a medida que
avances en el aprendizaje; de esta manera evitarás llegar a depender totalmente de
este auxiliar.
1. Prueba de autoevaluación
Se presentan al final de cada unidad. Ejercicios de complementación y
decodificación de textos en inglés para que evalúes tus conocimientos y te ayuden a
preparate para tu evaluación final.
2. Bibliografía
Para ampliar o reafirmar tus conocimientos, se sugiere al final de la guía un
bibliografía general. Acude a ellas cuantas veces sea necesario.
Objetivos generales
Al concluir el estudio del contenido programático que integra ésta guía el
estudiante podrá:
1.- Resumir las ideas contenidas en textos escritos en inglés, a nivel
bachillerato, expresándolas en español.
2.- Trabajar las estructuras básicas de la gramática en los textos escritos
en inglés.
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Contenido programático
UNIDAD I.- FUTURO SIMPLE Y FUTURO IDIOMATICO
TEMA 1.- Futuro simple
TEMA 2.- Futuro idiomático
UNIDAD II.- PASADO SIMPLE DE INDICATIVO
TEMA 1.- Pasado simple con verbos regulares e irregulares.
TEMA 2.- Forma negativa e interrogativa de verbos regulares
e irregulares en pasado. (Tema de repetición).
UNIDAD III.- EL PRESENTE PERFECTO Y EL PASADO PERFECTO
TEMA 1.- Forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa en
presente perfecto de verbos regulares e irregulares.
TEMA 2.- Forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa en pasado
perfecto de verbos regulares e irregulares.
UNIDAD IV.- TEMAS DE REPETICION
TEMA 1.- Forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa del
presente y pasado progresivo.
TEMA 2.- Cláusulas condicionales.
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UNIDAD I FUTURO SIMPLE Y FUTURO IDIOMATICO.
TEMAS OBJETIVOS Al finalizar el estudio de es unidad, el estudiante
podrá:
1. Futuro Simple 1.1 Expresar en español las ideas de oraciones escritas en inglés en futuro simple en forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa.
1.2 Ordenar los elementos de oraciones escritas en futuro simple.
1.3 Parafrasear en español la información contenida en textos escritos en inglés que contengan el tiempo futuro.
2. Futuro Idiomático 2.1 Expresar en español las ideas contenidas en
oraciones escritas en inglés en futuro idiomático, en las formas afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa.
2.2. Parafrasear en español la información contenida en textos escritos en inglés que incluye el futuro idiomático en las formas afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa.
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UNIDAD I FUTURO SIMPLE Y FUTRO IDIOMATICO
Tema 1: Futuro Simple
EL TIEMPO SE FORMA CON EL AUXILIAR WILL+LA FORMA SIMPLE DE
UN VERBO (SIN LA PARTICULA “TO”). PARA LA PRIMER PERSONA DE
SINGULAR Y PLURAL (I, WE) UTILIZAMOS EL AUXILIAR “SHALL” QUE ES LA
FORMA CORRECTA GRAMATICAMENTE, AUNQUE TAMBIEN PUEDE USARSE
EL AUXILIAR “WILL”.
Forma Afirmativa con contracción
I shall/will work I shall - I’ll I will - I´ll
trabajaré
You will work You will - You’ll
trabajarán
He He He
She will work She will She ‘ll
It It It
We shall/will work We shall - We’ll
trabajaremos We will - We’ll
You will work You will - You’ll
trabajarán
They will work They will - They’ll
trabajarán
EL NEGATIVO ES FORMADO COLOCANDO LA PALABRA NOT
DESPUES DE SHALL O WILL.
Forma Negativa
I shall/ will not work
He
She will not work
It
We shall/will not work
You will not work
They will not work
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Las contracciones:
Will not se contrae a Won’t
Shall not se contrae a Shan’t
EL INTERROGATIVO ES FORMADO INVIRTIENDO EL SUJETO Y LOS
AUXILIARES WILL O SHALL ESTE ULTIMO PARA LA PRIMERA PERSONA DE
SINGULAR Y PLURAL (I, WE).
Shall I Work?
Will you work?
Will he work?
Shall we work?
Will you work?
Will they work?
El futuro simple es usado para indicar acciones habituales que se presume
que tendrán lugar.
Ejemplo: Spring will come again
Birds will build nests
También es utilizado para expresar planes futuros, es decir, promesas o
determinaciones:
The President will open the new school tomorrow.
Para expresar decisiones; por ejemplo en una tienda cuando decidimos
comprar algo decimos: l’ll buy it
lo compraré
En general el futuro simple implica una acción no premeditada, es decir, sin
ningún plan a seguir.
“There is somebody at the hall door”
“I’ll go and open it”
Ejercicios de Aplicación No. 1
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Llene los espacios con la forma del tiempo futuro del verbo que apararece
entre paréntesis.
Ejemplo: He (will call) you tomorrow. (Call)
1) They______________ us in the mornig. (See)
2) I _________________ you that money tomorrow. (Give)
3) She ______________ you with that work. (Help)
4) Mary______________ off the table right away. (Clean)
5) The stores _________ early today. (Close)
6) I _________________ the tip. (Leave)
7) Helen _____________ the book which you need. (Find)
8) You ______________ a lot of money there. (Spend)
9) John______________ well in that job. (Do)
10) The wind _________ that sign down. (Blow)
11) We ______________ you in Grand Central Station. (Meet)
12) I ________________ the bill. (Pay)
13) You _____________ agreat deal in that course. (Learn)
14) We ______________ in Mexico about a month. (Remain)
15) His secretary says that he ________ back at six O’clock. (Be)
16) John_____________ the cashier. (Pay)
17) You _____________ a lot of money there. (Spend)
18) I ________________ you a cup of tea. (Make)
19) I’m sure you _______ the book you lost. (Find)
20) The waitress ______ off the table. (Clean)
Ejercicio de aplicación No. 2 Cambie el ejercicio anterior a la forma negativa y a la forma interrogativa.
Tema 2: Futuro Idiomático
FORMAMOS EL FUTURO IDIOMATICO CON EL VERBO AUXILIAR “TO
BE” CONJUGANDO (AM, IS, ARE) MAS LA FORMA “GOING TO” QUE EN
ESPAÑOL CORRESPONDE A “VOY A” MAS UN VERBO EN FORMA SIMPLE,
MAS COMPLEMENTO.
Modelos Estructurales:
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I am going to study -voy a estudiar
You are going to study -vas a estudiar
He
She is going to study -va a estudiar
It
We are going to study -vamos a estudiar
You are going to study -van a estudiar
They are going to study -van a estudiar
LA FORMA “GOING TO” EXPRESA LA INTENCION DEL SUJETO PARA
EJECUTAR UNA CIERTA ACCION FUTURA.
LA INTENCION ES SIEMPRE PREMEDITADA Y HAY POR LO GENERAL
TAMBIEN LA IDEA DE QUE ALGUNA PREPARACION PARA LA ACCION YA HA
SIDO HECHA.
Ejercicio de aplicación No. 3 Llene los espacios con la forma futura “going to” del verbo entre paréntesis.
ejemplo: They ( are going to visit ) us tomorrow ( visit )
1.- We___________ dinner in town tonigth. (Have)
2.- They _________ on the five O’clock train. (Arrive)
3.- He ___________ to New York in the morning. (leave)
4.- She __________ her family in Virginia. (Visit)
5.- Mr. Williams _________at the meeting tonight. (Speak)
6.- John__________ russian next year. (Study)
7.- We___________ an examination on Wedenesday. (Have)
8.- They _________ for us after the movie. (Wait)
9.- We___________ to Chicago. (Fly)
10.- William_______ to be a doctor. (Study)
11.- We__________ up early tomorrow and go fishing. (Get)
12.- She _________ for Europe soon. (Leave)
13.- They ________ down that whole block of buildings. (Tear)
14.- Helen________ some new dresses. (Buy)
15.- They ________ their present home and buy a new one. (Sell)
16.- Father _______ the children to the zoo this afternoon. (Take)
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17.- The children ______ their chores after breakfast. (Do)
18.- Their father ________ them. (Help)
19.- While they´re doing their chores I______ the dishes. (Wash).
20.- He ___________a dentist when he grows up. (Be)
LA FORMA NEGATIVA DEL FUTURO IDIOMATICO SE HACE
COLOCANDO LA PALABRA NOT DESPUES DEL VERBO “TO BE”.
Ejemplo: I am going to study
I am not going to study
HACEMOS PREGUNTAS EN FUTURO IDIOMATICO COLOCANDO EL
VERBO “TO BE “ ANTES DEL SUJETO.
Ejemplo: You are going to study.
Are you going to study ?
Ejercicio de aplicación No. 4. Cambie estas oraciones a la forma negativa y a la forma interrogativa.
Ejemplo: They are going to wait for us.
A) (They are not going to wait for us). NEGATIVA
B) (Are they going to wait for us?) INTERROGATIVA
1) John is going to take a vacation.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
2) He is going to start working there on Monday.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
3) They are going to pay a good salary.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
4) They are going to move to California next month.
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a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
5) Henry is going to travel to Europe on his vacation.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
6) We are going to sit outdoors for a while.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
7) They are going to spend the weekend in Connecticut.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
8) He is going to put all his money in stocks and bonds.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
9) George is going to have a tooth pulled tomorrow.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
10) I am going to read some of my own poems for you.
a) ______________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________
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AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD UNO Spending our money.
The British Government is going to pusblish a book full of figures, tables
and diagrams. These will show how the people of Britain are going to spend their
incomes* in the years 1985 to 1990. They will also show how much of their incomes
is going to be spent on such necessities* as food and clothes, fuel and ligth, rent and
water, and how much money is going to be spent on travel, entertainments, tobacco
and other less necessary things. They will tell us, too, how much of the total will be
taken by the Government in direct taxation and how much of it will be saved.
Seventeen shillings* out of every pound will be spent in personal
expenditures. Of this sum, a little over seven shillings will be spent in food. The
housewives are going to take about one third of their husband’s earnings* to the
grocer, the baker and the butcher. About three shillings and six dimes* out of every
pound will be spent on alcoholic drink and tobacco. This, of course, is an average
figure; some families are going to spend more and others are going to spend less,
and there will be many non-smokers*. If people in Britain drink and smoke less, the
Government will have to raise the other taxes. Income tax will certainly be raised.
The sum a family is going to spend on books and magazines will seem
small. Most families are going to buy at least one daily newspaper and a Sunday
paper. They will take several weekly magazines, usually including the Radio Times.
This will give them the weekly programs of the B.B.C.
The small sum that is going to be spent on books doesn’t mean that people
will do very little reading. Millions of cheap books will be bougth every month. There
are going to be good public libraries everywhere from which books will be borrowed*.
Over one million books are going to be taken out of the libraries every week-day. In
some homes, however, there will be less serious reading, than there is now. Many
people will prefer to listen to the radio, or look at films or television. Many people
prefer popular picture magazines that will contain serious reading. Life in Britain is
going to be rather different from what it is now. People are going to take life more
serious than they do today.
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VOCABULARY incomes = ganancias, entradas earnings= salarios
non-smokers= que no fuman necessities=necesidades
will be borrowed = serán tomados prestados
dimes = moneda inglesa
AUTOEVALUACION
1.- What will the Goverment figures show?
a) They way people will earn more.
b) They way the Government is going to publish a book.
c) They way people are going to spend their incomes.
d) They way people are going to work in 1985 to 1990.
2.- Food and clothing are.
a) Their necessities.
b) Their incomes.
c) Their diagrams.
d) Their entertainment.
3.- Some less necessary things are.
a) Food and clothing.
b) Fuel and light.
c) rent and water.
d) Tobacco and entertainments.
4.- The British Government is going to pusblish a book.
a) El gobierno británico publica un libro.
b) El gobierno británico va a publicar un libro.
c) El gobierno británico publicará un libro.
d) El gobierno británico publicó un libro.
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5.- How much will be spent in alcoholic drinks and tobacco?
a) About seventeen shillings out of every pound.
b) Over seven shillings of that sum.
c) About three shillings and six dimes out of every pound.
d) About one third of the husband’s earnings.
6.- Algunas familias van a gastar más.
a) Some families are going to soend more.
b) Some families will spend more.
c) Some families spend more.
d) Some families spends more.
7.- El gobierno tendrá que elevar los otros impuestos.
a) The government is going to raise the other taxes.
b) The government will raise the other taxes.
c) The government is going to have to raise the other taxes.
d) The government will have to raise the other taxes.
8.- How much will be spent in personal expenditures?
a) About three shillings and six dimes.
b) Seventeen shillings out of every pound.
c) Over seven shillings.
d) Seventeen shillings and six dimes.
9.- Millions of cheap books will be bougth every month.
a) Milliones de libros baratos comprarán cada mes.
b) Milliones de libros baratos van a ser comprados cada mes.
c) Milliones de libros baratos serán comprados cada mes.
d) Milliones de libros baratos comprará cada mes.
10.- What will many people prefer to do?
a) They will prefer to listen to the radio.
b) They will prefer to read cheap books.
c) They will prefer to go to the cinemas.
d) They will prefer to prefer to take out books from the libraris.
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AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD UNO RESPUESTAS
Debiste haber marcado:
1.- c
2.- a
3.- d
4.- b
5.- c
6.- a
7.- d
8.- b
9.- c
10.- a
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACION
Suma tus respuestas correctas y verifica tu capacidad de aprendizaje de
acuerdo con los siguientes criterios:
E: 10
MB: 8 a 9
B: 6 a 7
NA: 0 a 5
Si tu resultado es “no acreditado”, no te desanimes; compara la respuesta
que no acertaste. Considera si realmente no sabías o fue problema de interpretación
de la pregunta. Reflexiona, analiza, trata de determinar la razón de tu falla en el
aprendizaje o visita a tu asesor.
UNIDAD II PASADO SIMPLE DE INDICATIVO
TEMA I.- Pasado simple con verbos regulares e irregulares.
EXISTEN DOS GRUPOS DE VERBOS: IRREGULARES Y REGULARES.
LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES NO SIGUEN UNA REGLA ESPECIFICA PARA
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FORMAR EL TIEMPO PASADO POR LO QUE SE DEBERAN APRENDER CON EL
USO Y LA PRACTICA. LOS VERBOS REGULARES SI SIGUEN UN PATRON
PARA FORMAR EL TIEMPO PASADO Y EL PASADO PARTICIPIO. TODOS
AQUELLOS VERBOS QUE APAREZCAN CON UNA (R) SON VERBOS
REGULARES Y A ESTOS SE LES AGREGARA LA TERMINACION “ED” O “D” SI
YA TERMINAN EN “E”.
Ejemplo: add - added, arrive - arrived
INFINITIVO PASADO PASADO PARTICIPIO
SIGNIFICADO
To accept (R) (R) aceptar To add (R) (R) agregar, sumar, añadir To appear (R) (R) aparecer To ask (R) (R) preguntar, cuestionar To arrive (R) (R) llegar To attend (R) (R) atender To be was, were been ser o estar To become became become llegar a ser o convertirse en alguien
o algo To begin began begun empezar, comenzar, iniciar. To belong (R) (R) pertenecer To blow blew blown soplar To boil (R) (R) hervir To break broke broken romper To bring brought brougth traer To build built built construir To buy bought bougth comprar To burn burnt (R) burnt (R) quemar To change (R) (R) cambiar To check (R) (R) checar, rectificar *To classify (R) (R) clasificar, ordenar To choose chose chosen escoger To clean (R) (R) limpiar To come came come venir To close (R) (R) cerrar To comment (R) (R) comentar To complete (R) (R) completar, terminar To copy (R) (R) copiar To cross (R) (R) cruzar, atravesar, tachar To cut cut cut cortar To dance (R) (R) bailar To do did done hacer To draw drew drawn dibujar To drink drank drunk beber To drive drove driven manejar, conducir To eat ate eaten comer To escape (R) (R) escapar
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NOTA: *Estos verbos regulares cambian la Y por IED. 17
To establish (R) (R) establecer To experience (R) (R) experimentar To fall fell fallen caer To feed fed fed alimentar, dar de comer To feel felt felt sentir To fight fought fought pelear, luchar, combatir To fill in filled in filled in llena una forma o llenar algo To film (R) (R) filmar, sacar una película. To find found found encontrar To fish (R) (R) pescar To float (R) (R) flotar To fly flew flown volar To found (R) (R) fundar To forget forgot forgotten olvidar To form (R) (R) formar To freeze froze frozen congelar To get got gotten conseguir, obtener To give gave given dar To go went gone ir To grow grew grown crecer, cosechar To have/has had had tener o haber To hear heard heard escuchar To help (R) (R) ayudar To hunt (R) (R) cazar To keep kept kept guardar o mantener To know knew known saber o conocer To laugh (R) (R) reir To leave left left dejar o abandonar To learn learnt (R) learnt (R) aprender To lend lent lent prestar To let let let permitir To listen (R) (R) escuchar To live (R) (R) vivir To like (R) (R) gustar To look (R) (R) mirar, ver To lose lost lost perder To make made made hacer *To marry (R) (R) casarse To meet met met reunirse, conocerse por primera vez To move (R) (R) moverse, mudarse, cambiarse To need (R) (R) necesitar To offer (R) (R) ofrecer To paint (R) (R) pintar To pay paid paid pagar To pick up picked up picked up recoger, levantar algo To pull (R) (R) jalar To push (R) (R) empujar To put put put poner To read read read leer To reach (R) (R) lograr, alcanzar To return (R) (R) regresar, devolver
To ride rode ridden montar, tomar un paseo To ring rang rung tocar, sonar la campana, el timbre To run ran run correr To say said said decir To see saw seen ver To sell sold sold vender To send sent sent enviar To sing sang sung cantar To sit sat sat sentarse To sleep slept slept domir To speak spoke spoken hablar To spend spent spent gastar To stand stood stood pararse, ponerse de pie *To stay (R) (R) permanecer, quedarse To solve (R) (R) resolver *To study (R) (R) estudiar To swin swam swum nadar To take took taken tomar, coger To talk (R) (R) charlar, platicar, conversar To teach taught taught enseñar un conocimiento To telephone (R) (R) llamar por teléfono To tell told told decir, contar, relatar To test (R) (R) evaluar, examinar, probar To think thought thought pensar To understand understood understood entender, comprender To use (R) (R) usar To walk (R) (R) caminar To want (R) (R) desear, querer To wash (R) (R) lavar To watch (R) (R) mirar, ver, observar To wear wore worn usar o vestir algo To work (R) (R) trabajar To write wrote written escribir
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Ejercicio de aplicación No. 5. Complete los espacios con los verbos regulares e irregulares que se encuentran en
los espacios, recuerda que el tema es en tiempo pasado, por lo tanto, los verbos
deberán ir en tiempo pasado. 1.- Three glasses of milk _______John the daily requirements of proteins when he ________a child. (To give) (To be) 2.- Milk contains nearly all the food substances____________by the body. (To need) 3.- For the children of Hawaii, balls__________a wonderful surprise and they_________ very happy (To be) (To be) to play with them. 4.- Sugars___________by a plant can be____________in several ways. (To make) (To use) 5.- Mass production__________________enormous benefits to mankind. (To bring) 6.- Mass production___________________the economic structure of countries. (To change) 7.- The biologist_________________that birds have a lenguage of their own. (To say) 8.- Aesop_______________ famous for the fables he__________________. (To become) (To tell) 9.- The rooster (gallo)______________the farmer’s wife hurry away with the pearl. (To watch) 10.- Dino the dinosaur______________by himself in a cave. (To live) 11.- Indian children_________________by listening to stories. (To learn) 12.- The eskimos_________________many problems in their strange land. (To solve) 13.- Scientists_______________aluminium suits for protection when they___________ to Hawaii in (To wear) (To go)
1959 to study the eruption of the volcano. 14.- A pilot_______________a girl who______________pictures in 1980. (To marry) (To paint) 15.- Scientists____________lucky enough to see the birth of Sutsey, the volcanic island in 1963. (To be) 16.- Men_____________civilization after woman______________agriculture. (To begin) (To invent) 17.- People____________that Saint-Pierre_______________”the Paris of the West Indies” because (To say) (To be)
they_____________it________________a beautiful little city. (To think) (To be)
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18.- Antonio Gaudi_____________to be an architect and he_________________an unusual church. (To want) (To build) 19.- He_______________for forty years, but he could not finish the church. (To work) 20.- Helen Keller______________in a dark and silent world for more than five years. (To live)
Tema 2: Forma negativa e interrogativa de verbos regulares
e irregulares en tiempo pasado.
RECUERDE QUE CUANDO EL VERBO PRINCIPAL ES EL VERBO “TO
BE” PARA INTERROGAR SOLO SE VA A INVERTIR EL ORDEN DE SUJETO-
VERBO POR VERBO SUJETO Y AL FINAL SE PONDRA EL SIGNO DE
INTERROGACION.
Ejemplo:
Ann Sullivan was Helen Keller’s teacher.
Was Ann Sullivan Helen Keller’s teacher?
Women were the inventors of agriculture.
Were women the inventors of agriculture?
Para negar se utiliza la palabra “not” después del verbo “To be”.
Working conditions were not good in 1927
Agriculture was not invented by man; it was invented by woman.
NOTA: la forma contraída de was not es WASN’T y la de were not es
WEREN’T.
Cuando el verbo principal no es “To be” entonces se usa un verbo auxiliar
tanto para negar como para interrogar. En tiempo pasado se usa el pasado del
verbo auxiliar DO que es DID. En la forma negativa se usa DID NOT o en la forma
contraída DIDN’T. Recuerde que al usar un verbo auxiliar el verbo principal deberá ir
en su forma simple.
Ejemplo: la forma simple del verbo “To work” es (work)
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“To go” es (go)
“To use” es (use)
Ejemplo de INTERROGATIVO:
Hellen Keller needed to communicate.
Did Helen Keller need to communicate?
She finally discovered the secret language.
Did she finally discover the secret language?
People wanted to communicate ideas that were not simple.
Did people want to communicate ideas that were not simple?
Ejemplo de NEGATIVO:
Christopher Columbus did not discover America in 1495, he discovered it in
1492.
Velazquez did not paint The Mona Lisa. Leonardo Da Vinci painted it.
Ejercicio de aplicacion No.6. Cambie las siguientes oraciones a interrogativas.
1.- Many countries imported rubber from Borneo.
2.- Hernan Cortes conquered the Caribbean sea.
3.- The Aztecs built Palenque.
4.- Cervantes wrote “Hamlet” and “Othello”.
5.- Leonardo Da Vinci painted “Guernica”.
6.- Robert learned the chemistry formulas in order to understand the
problems in the exam.
7.- People used money in early trade because they used, rains instead of
money.
8.- Adults in Hawaii liked balls.
9.- Thomas Alva Edison died in 1959.
10.- Leonardo Da Vinci sculpted “The Thinker”.
11.- Mayans built the Pyramids of Gizeh 5,000 years ago.
12.- Brutus Killed Julius Caesar.
13.- Mozart composed Tanhauser.
14.- Velazquez painted the frescoes in Bonampak.
15.- Ann had a slice of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast.
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16.- President Reagan walked along Paseo de la Reforma when he came to
Mexico.
17.- The nurses wore their new uniforms yesterday morning.
18.- The fat women in the group ate low calorie food during three monts.
19.- Mr. Collen closed the grocery store at 5 p.m. last Saturday.
20.- The children laughed a lot at the clown.
Ejercicio de aplicación No. 7 Cambie las oraciones del ejercicio anterior a negativo.
22
AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD DOS
John had a puncture in one of the wheels of his bicycle. He repaired it. How
did he do it? He went to the tool bag that hangs behind, the saddle. He opened this
bag and took out* a narrow tin box. Then he pulled out* the inner tube, carefully,
from under the outer cover. He pumped some air into it. He listened but heard
notning. There was no sound of air escaping. So the puncture was a small one.
John then carried a bucket to the kitchen and filled it with water. He carried
it out* and put it down* by the wheel of his bicycle. Then, slowly and carefully, he
pulled the tube round*, a few inches at a time, trough the water. When he saw that
air bubless began to raise through the water, he knew where the puncture was. He
marked the place with a cross. John took a small rubber patch from the tin box. He
cleaned the inner tube at the place where the puncture was, and let the air out*. He
took the metal cap off* the tube of rubber solution and pressed the sides of the tube,
gently, until the solution came out*. He put some of the solution on the patch and
some on the inner tube. He pressed the patch down gently. Then he put some chalk
on the patch so that it would not stick* to the inside of tire.
The next thing was to get the inner tube back*. John pumped a little air into
the tube and then pushed it back* under the cover. Then he got the cover back* into
place, all around the rim of the wheel. Lastly he pumped the tire until it was quite
hard. John thought that things ware easy when one began to attend them quickly.
“The way I repaired the puncture was easy”, he thought. He decided that whenever
he had a poblem, he would attend it immediately.
VOCABULARY 1.- took out = sacó
2.- pulled out = jaló
3.- carried it out = llevó fuera
4.- put it down = puso abajo
5.- pulled the tube round = dio vueltas al tubo
6.- let the air out = dejó salir el aire
7.- took the metal cap off = quitó la tapa
8.- came out = salió
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9.- it would not stick = no se pegara
10.- get the inner tube back = devolver el tubo a su lugar
11.- pushed it back = empujó
12.- got the cover back = colocó la cubierta en su lugar
AUTOEVALUACION
1.- The puncture that John reparaid was.
a) a little one.
b) a small one.
c) a big one.
d) a great puncture.
2.- He pumped some air into the inner tube but.
a) there was a small.
b) there was a great sound.
c) there was no sound.
d) there where a lot of sounds.
3.- John filled the bucket with.
a) water.
b) oil.
c) solution.
d) air.
4.- He_______________________ the place with a cross.
a) mark.
b) marks.
c) marking.
d) marked.
5.- The rubber patch was in.
a) a saddle. b) a tin box.
c) a tire. d) a tube.
24
6.- He put some of the solution on the patch.
a) El pone algo de la solución en el parche.
b) El está poniendo algo de la solución en el parche.
c) El puso algo de la solución en el parche.
d) El pondrá algo de la solución en el parche.
7.- He put some chalk on the patch.
a) so that it would not stick on the tire.
b) so that it stuck to the tire.
c) so that it will not stick to the tire.
d) so that it did not stick to the tire.
8.- John pumped a little air into the tube.
a) before he put the inner tube back.
b) while he was putting the inner tube back.
c) because he put the inner tube back.
d) after he had put the inner tube back.
9.- “The way I repaired the puncture was easy”, thought John.
a) “La manera como repararé el piquete fue fácil”, pensó John.
b) “La manera como reparé el piquete fue fácil”, pensó John.
c) “La manera como repare el piquete fue fácil”, pensó John.
d) “La manera como reparo el piquete fue fácil”, pensó John.
10.- He decided that whenever he had a problem.
a) El lo atiende inmediatamente.
b) El lo atenderá inmediatamente.
c) El lo atendería inmediatamente.
d) El lo atendió inmediatamente.
25
AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD DOS RESPUESTAS
Debiste haber marcado:
1.- a
2.- c
3.- a
4.- d
5.- b
6.- c
7.- a
8.- a
9.- b
10.- c
CRITERIO DE EVALUACION.
Suma tus respuestas correctas y verifica tu capacidad de aprendizaje de
acuerdo con los siguientes criterios.
E: 10
MB: 8 a 9
B: 6 a 7
NA: 0 a 5
Si tu resultado es “no acreditado”, no te desanimes; compara la respuesta
que no acertaste. Considera si realmente no sabías o fue problema de interpretación
de la pregunta. Reflexiona, analiza, trata de determinar la razón de tu falla en el
aprendizaje o visita a tu asesor.
26
UNIDAD III
EL PRESENTE PERFECTO Y EL PASADO PERFECTO.
TEMAS OBJETIVOS
Al finalizar el estudio de esta unidad, el estudiante podrá:
1. Forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa en presente perfecto de verbos regulares e irregulares.
1.1. Expresar en español las ideas contenidas en oraciones escritas en inglés en las formas afirmativa-interrogativa y negativa en presente perfecto.
1.2. Seleccionar verbos regulares e irregulares que completen oraciones dándoles un sentido lógico.
1.3. Decodificar textos en que aparezcan verbos regulares e irregulares en presente perfecto.
2. Forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa en pasado perfecto de verbos regulares e irregulares.
2.1. Expresen en español las ideas contenidas en oraciones escritas en inglés en las formas afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa en pasado perfecto.
2.2. Seleccionar verbos regulares e irregulares que completen oraciones dándoles un sentido lógico.
2.3. Decodificar textos en que aparezcan verbos regulares e irregulares en pasado perfecto.
27
UNIDAD III PRESENTE PERFECTO Y PASADO PERFECTO
Tema 1:Forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa en presente perfecto de
verbos regulares e irregulares.
(Antepresente).
EL PRESENTE PERFECTO SE REFIERE A UN SUCESO DEL PASADO,
PERO SIEMPRE QUE DE ALGUNA MANERA ESTE RELACIONADO CON EL
PRESENTE.
EL PRESENTE PERFECTO SE FORMA USANDO EL VERBO “TO HAVE”
EN FORMA PRESENTE Y EL PARTICIPIO PASADO DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL.
EL PARTICIPIO PASADO DE LOS VERBOS REGULARES SE FORMA DE
LA MISMA FORMA QUE EL PASADO SIMPLE, EN EL CASO DE LOS VERBOS
IRREGULARES VARIA.
Ejemplo: We have studied English for two years.
OBSERVE:
El verbo have está funcionando como auxiliar y, por lo tanto, significa
“haber” y es el que se debe conjugar.
El verbo principal siempre estará en pasado participio.
Recuerda que cuando trabajamos con un auxiliar preguntamos y negamos
con el mismo.
Ejemplo: We have studied
Have we studied?
We have not studied.
NOTA:
La contracción de “have not” y “has not” es:
Haven’t y Hasn’t
EL NEGATIVO SE FORMA AGREGANDO “NOT” AL AUXILIAR, LA
FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE CONSTRUYE INVIRTIENDO LA POSICION DEL
SUJETO Y EL VERBO AUXILIAR.
OBSERVE:
El presente perfecto se usa:
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a) Para acciones que se desarrollan dentro de un periodo de tiempo el cual
aún no termina.
Ejemplos: This club has existed since 1867.
I have had this car over fifteen years.
b) Para acciones que tuvieron lugar en un tiempo indeterminado en el
pasado y cuyo resultado continua hasta el presente.
Ejemplos: I have bought several guide books.
Have you lost your road map of Mexico?
c) Para acciones que se llevaron a cabo en el pasado inmediato,
especialmente las que llevan los adverbios “just” y “only just”.
Ejemplos: Mother has just drawn the curtains.
The clock has just struck six.
He has just gone out.
Nota:
El uso del presente perfecto se dice que es una especie de mezcla del
presente y el pasado. Siempre implica una fuerte conexión con el presente y el
pasado. Siempre implica una fuerte conexión con el presente y se usa
principalmente en conversaciones, cartas, reportes periodísticos y radiales.
Recuerda que los adverbios de frecuencia always, often, usually, never,
sometimes, just, van entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal.
Ejemplo:
I have never gone to the movies at midnigth.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 8 Resuelva los siguientes ejercicios que le ayudarán a reafirmar sus
conocimientos.
Llene el espacio en blanco con el presente perfecto del verbo que aparece
en el paréntesis.
a) We ________ (learn) many new words.
b) You________ (go) to Europe many times.
c) His brother _______just _________________(graduate) from Secondary.
d) Acapulco_____________ (become) a popular winter resort.
29
e) I _____________(meet) her.
f) Sea _____________ (develop) since 1974.
g) They______________ (teach) English for two years.
h) We _____________ (do) our work.
i) I______________(live) in this city almost all my life.
j) She _____________ (work) very hard.
Ejercicio de aplicación No. 9. Cambie el ejercicio anterior a la forma interrogativa.
Ejercicio de aplicación No. 10 Cambie el ejercio anterior a la forma negativa.
Tema 2: Forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa en pasado perfecto y
verbos regulares e irregulares.
DESCRIBE UNA ACCION QUE SUCEDIO EN EL PASADO ANTES DE
QUE SUCEDIERA OTRA ACCION PASADA.
EL PASADO PERFECTO SE FORMA CON EL PASADO DEL VERBO
AUXILIAR “HAVE” (HABER) Y EL PARTICIPIO PASADO DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL.
Ejemplo:
She had left when we arrived.
Ella se había ido cuando llegamos.
Recuerda que cuando trabajamos con un auxiliar preguntamos y negamos
con el mismo.
Nora had taught English for ten years when she retired.
Nora had taught...
Had Nora taught...?
Nora hadn’t taught...
OBSERVE:
El pasado perfecto se usa:
a) PARA UNA ACCION QUE TUVO LUGAR ANTES DE OTRA ACCION
DEL PASADO.
Ejemplos:
30
Robert told me about the novel he had borrowed from the library.
I bought the book at the shop where I had seen it in the window.
b) PARA UNA ACCION QUE COMENZO ANTES DE DETERMINADO
PUNTO EN EL PASADO Y QUE TERMINO HASTA ESE MISMO
PUNTO EN EL PASADO.
Ejemplos:
When I bought the book, it had only been on sale for two weeks.
How long had Robert had the book when he showed it to you?
C) EN VOZ PASIVA DESPUES DE UN VERBO EN EL PASADO PARA
CORRESPONDER AL TIEMPO PASADO O EN EL PRESENTE
PERFECTO EN LA VOZ ACTIVA.
Ejemplo:
He said that the author’s style had reminded him of Acapulco.
Robert told me that the book had already been translated into German.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 11
Resuelva los siguientes ejercicios que le ayudarán a reafirmar sus
conocimientos.
Llene el espacio en blanco con el pasado perfecto del verbo que aparece
en paréntesis.
a) I __________ (see, never) the Big Ben before I visited London last
month.
b) Alan _______ (walk) no more than two blocks when he met Robert.
c) Richard went home because he_________ (complete) everything.
d) The manager _________ (close, just) the store a moment before I got
there.
e) Mrs. Henderson already____________(leave) when I called her office.
f) I called Mr. Gilbert ______________ (check) the report carefully.
g) I heard that your friend ___________ (fall) on some steps and broken his
arm.
h) Bill______________(receive) the money you _______________(promise) to
pay him.
i) The boy _______ (leave) the classroom by the time the teacher arrived.
31
j) I called Mr. Davis just after I ____________ (check) the report.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 12 Cambie el ejercicio anterior a la forma interrogativa.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 13 Cambie el ejercicio anterior a la forma negativa.
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AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD TRES ABUL QASIM
Abul Qasim came out of the mosque* but could not find his shoes, which he
had left at the door. “Someone has stolen my shoes”, he thougth, and then he saw a
new pair of shoes. He tried them on* and found that they fitted very well. “A careless*
man has taken my shoes by mistake and has left his own shoes in their place”. He
went to the judge and told him about his visit to the mosque and the new shoes he
had found.
When the judge had heard Abul’s story, he said: “Why had you left your ugly
shoes at the door of the mosque?”, “haven’t you stolen those shoes?” Abul said he
hadn’t stolen the shoes and went home.
It happened that a friend of Quasim’s had taken the shoes and had buried
them in a hole. A moment before two merchants, who had just arrived at the city, had
put some of their money into the same hole. When the merchants were putting the
money, a thief saw them and thought: “They have dug a hole and have put their
money in it”. When the merchants had gone the thief had taken out* the money and
had said: “I have earned my salary today”, and had run away. So the hole had been
left empty and Qasim’s friend had put the shoes in it. When the time had come for
the two merchants to leave the city, they went to the place where they had buried the
money. They found a pair of shoes only. They took the shoes and went to the judge.
“A thief has taken our money which we had buried into a hole they said, “and has left
his shoes in its place”. “I have seen these shoes” thought the judge. He ordered his
soldiers to bring Qasim to the court. When the soldiers had gone the judge said:
“Have I done a right thing? I have just seen Abul and he didn’t appear to be a thief.
The soldiers have left. I have seen these shoes, but I haven’t met these merchants
before”. Then he asked the merchants: “Has anyone seen you when you buried the
money?”. “We are sure the thief has seen us”, they said. “Enough”, said the judge.
When Abul arrived the judge said: “Abul, you have stolen the shoes you are
wearing. That story you have told me is a lie. Nobody has left the shoes, now you
have stolen these merchant’s money. You will be punished” Abul, who didn’t know
what had happened, begged for mercy*. “I haven’t stolen anything! I haven’t seen my
old shoes!”. “No?”, said the judge, “Where have I taken these shoes from? Don’t you
33
know? These merchants have foun them where you put them instead of the gold you
have stolen¨.
And the judge sent Abul to have his right hand cut off.
VOCABULARY mosque = mezquita
tried them on = los probó
careless = descuidado
taken = sacado
begged for mercy = pidió clemencia.
AUTOEVALUACIÓN 1.- When he came out of the mosque, Abul Qasim.
a) found his own shoes.
b) could not find his own shoes.
c) saw someone wearing his shoes.
d) said: “Someone has bought my shoes”
2.- He tried them on and
a) he didn’t like them.
b) got very angry.
c) was happy because they were new.
d) found they fitted very well.
3.- He went to the judge
a) and gave him the shoes he had found.
b) and asked him about the shoes he had lost.
c) and told him about the shoes he had found.
d) and forgot about the shoes he had lost.
4.- A friend of Qasim’s
a) found his own shoes.
b) could not find his own shoes.
c) saw someone wearing his shoes.
34
d) said: “Someone has bought my shoes”
5.- The shoes had
a) been buried in a hole by a friend.
b) been found in a hole by the judge.
c) been stolen by a thief.
d) been bought by the merchants
6.- “Semeone has stolen my shoes”, he thought.
a) “Alguien robo mis zapatos”, él pensó.
b) “Alguien robará mis zapatos”, el pensó.
c) “Alguien está robando mis zapatos”, él pensó.
d) “Alguien ha robado mis zapatos”, él pensó.
7.- “He ganado mi salario hoy”, dijo el ladrón.
a) “I earn my salary today”, said the thief.
b) “I will earn my salary today”, said the thief.
c) “I have earned my salary today”, said the thief.
d) “I earned my salary today”, said the thief.
8.- “I have seen these shoes”, the judge had tought.
a) “He visto estos zapatos”, el juez habrá pensado.
b) “He visto estos zapatos”, el juez había pensado
c) “He visto estos zapatos”, el juez ha pensado.
d) “He visto estos zapatos”, el juez hubiera pensado.
9.- “Ese cuento que me has contado es una mentira”.
a) “That story you have told me is a lie”.
b) “That story you have tell me is a lie”.
c) “That story you have told them is a lie”.
d) “That story you told me is a lie”.
10.- “¿De dónde he tomado estos zapatos?”
a) “Where had I taken these shoes from?”.
35
b) “Where has I taken these shoes from?”.
c) “Where have I taken these shoes from?”.
d) “Where will these shoes have been?”.
AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD TRES RESPUESTAS
Debió haber marcado:
1.- b 2.- d
3.- c 4.- d
5.- a 6.- d
7.- c 8.- b
9.- a 10.-c
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACION
Sume sus respuestas correctas y verifique su capacidad de aprendizaje de
acuerdo con los siguientes criterios:
E: 10
MB: 8 a 9
B: 6 a 7
NA: 0 a 5
Si su resultado es “no acreditado”, no se desanieme; compare la respuesta que no
acertó. Considere si realmente no sabía o fue problema de interpretación de la
pregunta. Reflexione, analice trate de determinar la razón de su falla en su
aprendizaje o visite a su asesor.
36
INGLES III
UNIDAD IV
PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO
CLAUSULA CONDICIONAL
TEMAS OBJETIVOS
1. Pasado y presente progresivo. 1.1. El estudiante aplicará el presente progresivo en las formas afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa.
1.2. El estudiante aplicará el pasado progresivo en las formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
1.3. Decodificará textos que contengan el presente y el pasado progresivo.
2. Cláusula condicional. 2.1. El estudiante complementará oraciones con cláusulas condicionales, en forma afirmativa y negativa.
2.2. El estudiante decodificará textos que contengan cláusulas condicionales.
37
UNIDAD IV PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO
CLAUSULA CONDICIONAL
Tema 1: Presente Progresivo.
ESTE TEMA SE VIO EN INGLES I. UNIDAD III, TEMA I. RECORDAR QUE
EL PRESENTE PROGRESIVO SE FORMA CON EL VERBO “TO BE” EN
PRESENTE (AM, IS, ARE) Y UN VERBO CON LA TERMINACION ING. DICHA
TERMINACION EN ESTE TIEMPO GRAMATICAL SE TRADUCE COMO ANDO
ENDO Y SE CONOCE COMO PARTICIPIO PRESENTE.
I AM WORKING
YOU ARE WORKING
HE IS WORKING
SHE IS WORKING
IT IS WORKING
WE ARE WORKING
YOU ARE WORKING
THEY ARE WORKING
Recuerde que el negativo se forma agregando NOT al verbo TO BE.
I AM NOT WORKING
YOU ARE NOT WORKING
HE IS NOT WORKING
etc.
Y la forma interrogativa se forma invirtiendo el sujeto y el auxiliar.
AM I WORKING?
ARE YOU WORKING?
IS HE WORKING?
Para mayor información, revise su guía de Inglés I
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 14 Ponga los verbos que están entre paréntisis en el tiempo presente
progresivo.
1.- The airplane _____________ (fly) at 2,000 meters.
2.- They ______________ (mend) my shirt.
38
3.- The sun _____________ (shine).
4.- The children__________ (play) in the park.
5.- I ____________ (write) a letter to my friend.
6.- The president __________ (give) a lecture.
7.- We_____________(prepare) our English class.
8.- The government _____________ (plan) to raise the taxes.
9.- Robert Redford and Liza Minelli ______________ (work) in a new film.
10.- I ___________ (watch) an interesting program.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 15 Cambie el ejercicio anterior a la forma interrogativa.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 16 Cambie el ejercicio anterior a la forma negativa.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 17 Ponga los verbos que están entre paréntesis en presente progresivo, en
forma afirmativa, interrogativa o negativa, según el caso.
1.- She _____________ (not work), she _______________(swim) in the river.
2.- He ______________ (teach) his boy to ride.
3.- Why _________________ Ann_______________ (wear) a new dress?
4.- This fire ___________ (go) out. ____________some body___________(bring) more
coal?
5.- Can I borrow your pen or_______________ you _____________(use) it?
6.- No, I _____________ (use) it now. Take it.
7.- She _____________ (make) an omelette.
8.- What ________________ you_______________ (read) now?
9.- We _________________(listen) to music, we ______________(not watch) T.V.
10.- What ___________ you _____________(do) this afternoon?
Tema 2: Pasado progresivo ESTE TIEMPO GRAMATICAL SE FORMA CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PASADO
(WAS, WERE) Y LA FORMA SIMPLE DEL VERBO MAS LA TERMINACION (-ING):
SUJETO TO BE FORMA SIMPLE + ING I WAS WORKING
39
WE, THEY, YOU
WERE
WORKING
HE SHE WAS WORKING IT
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
PAHA HACER EL INTERROGATIVO SE INVIERTE EL AUXILIAR Y EL SUJETO
WAS I WORKING?
WERE YOU WORKING?
WAS HE WORKING?
etc.
FORMA NEGATIVA
PARA HACER LA FORMA NEGATIVA SE AGREGA NOT AL AUXILIAR.
I WAS NOT WORKING?
YOU WERE NOT WORKING?
HE WAS NOT WORKING?
etc.
Usamos el pasado progresivo para describir una acción en pasado que se
estaba llevando a cabo cuando otra acción ocurrió. Este tiempo nunca es usado
solo, sino con algún otro tiempo pasado declarado o implicíto o alguna expresión de
tiempo en pasado.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 18.
Ponga los verbos que están entre paréntesis en el tiempo pasado
progresivo.
1.- They________________(wait) for you on the corner a moment ago.
2.- I saw that you_______________ (wear) your new suit the night before.
3.- Helen ________________ (make) good progress in her studies last month.
4.- I _________________ (get) up at seven o’clock every morning last month.
5.- John _________________ (take) his english classes on Mondays and Fridays but now he
is taking them on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
6.- They_____________ (have) good sales in all the big stores last month.
7.- We ______________ (suim) in the river when it began to rain.
8.- Peter _______________(play) while his mother_______________ (wash) the dishes.
40
9.- The car had nobody in it but the engins__________________ (run).
10.- Two children _____________ (play) on the sand.
Ejercicios de apicación No. 19 Completa las oraciones usando el pasado progresivo en cualquiera de sus
3 formas. 1.- The detective asked the two men: what ________________you _______________(do)
yesterday at 10:20 p.m..
2.- Mr. X: I ___________ (play) chess with my wife..
3.- Mr. Y: I _______________ (not play). I_______________ (attend) to a lecture.
4.- The boys ___________________ (not study).
5.- They_________________ (watch) a T.V. program.
6.- ________________ he _____________(take) a bath when the telephone rang?
7.- No, he ______________(sleep).
8.- _____________________ you_______________ (work) when you lived in Kansas?
9.- No, I ________________(not work) I ______________(study).
10.- Where ______________ they_____________(wait)?
Tema 3: Clausula condicional
( Segundo condicional )
EL SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL ES EL DENOMINADO PRESENTE
IMAGINARIO. EL SEGUNDO AL IGUAL QUE EL PRIMER CONDICIONAL SE
REFIERE AL PRESENTE O AL FUTURO. EN EL PRESENTE IMAGINARIO SE
DESCRIBE UNA SITUACION IRREAL, ALGO QUE SUCEDERIA SI CIERTA
CONDICION EXISTIERA.
PARA FORMAR ORACIONES CON EL SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL SE
MANEJA EL PASADO SIMPLE EN LA CLAUSULA CONDICIONAL, Y EN LA
CLAUSULA PRINCIPAL SE ANTEPONE WOULD (TAMBIEN COULD O MIGHT) A
LA FORMA SIMPLE DEL VERBO.
N.B. Recuerde que el pasado simple del inglés corresponde al subjuntivo
del español, cuyas terminaciones son: RA, RAS, REMOS, RAN.
Ejemplos: If I worked more, I would earn more money.
Si yo tabajara más, yo ganaría más dinero.
If she had more time, she could study.
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Si ella tuviera más tiempo, ella podría estudiar.
If I were you, I would buy a new car.
Si yo fuera tú, yo compraría un coche nuevo.
N.B. El verbo To Be en el presente imaginario se conjuga con el subjuntivo
were para todas las personas del singular y plural. Were es la única forma verbal
verdaderamente subjuntiva en inglés.
IF PAST CONDICIONAL If You bought a car today it would cost you a lot of
money.
If I were you I wouldn’t like to be in you shoes.
Ejercicios de aplicación No. 20.
Use el tiempo correcto de los verbos que están entre paréntesis.
Ejemplo: If you __________________(study), you_______________pass you exam. If you studied , you would pass your exam.
1.- If he prepared his homework every night, he__________________(get) better grades.
2.- If I____________________ (know) how to drive, I would buy a car.
3.- If I___________________ (be) in your position, I_______________(think) twice before doing that.
4.- If she _____________ (drive) more carefully, he_______________(have) fewer accidents.
5.- If she worked harder, she ___________________ (get) a better salary.
6.- If Peter ___________ (be) more ambitious, he_______________(try) to find a better job.
7.- If Margaret prepared her homework every night, she _____________ (get) better grades.
8.- If Paul_______________(pay) his debts, people_______________ (respect) him more.
9.- If the weather _____________________ (be) not so hot, I am sure she could fell better.
10.- If they ___________________(attend) to class regularly, they _____________(make)
good progress.
AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD CUATRO THE BOX
“It is reaining very hard and the river Avon is running very high and very
fast”, the inspector was saying. “It is the worst rain in many years. The river had not
been so high since 1923”. The water was thick and dark, and in it there were
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branches of tress, and even some dead sheep and chickens. The rain was coming
down hard on the moving water, on the grass, in the churchyard and on the grey
stones of the old church, which was looking black against the evening sky. “There is
a strong wind and the clouds are flying across the sky. It is getting dark”. The
Inspector was worried as the rain was falling down heavily.
A taxi stopped in front of the churchyard gate. Jane got out, opened the
gate and ran through the rain to the door of the tower, which was at the end of the
church, near the river. “If the water is touching the stones of the tower, I won’t be
able to reach it”, she was thinking hard. The taxi was driving away but in its place
another car was stopping. “If two men were jumping out of the new taxi, I wouldn’t be
surprised”, said the inspector. “Now two men are running towards the door. If they
find Jane there, she will be in trouble. What happens? Jane is climbing up the stairs.
If she were in the open air, she would get wet badly. The wind is pushing hard and
she is feeling the rain in her face. Now she is walking across the platform. If the two
men run fast, they will stop her from reaching the low wall”, the Inspector was saying
when he saw that in front of her, sitting on the wall, was the desired box.
Jane turned round and screamed. One of the two men had appeared.
Suddenly, from the other side of the platform Alan was running. “If Alan hits the man
with the stone he is holding in his hand, the man will fall between Jane and the box”,
said the Inspector. Alan did it. As the man was falling down he hit low stone wall with
his head and hit the box with left arm. Then both the man and the box were falling
down into the river, while the Inspector was approaching with his men in order to
arrest the other man.
Two hours later they were back in the Police Station. They were drinking
hot, sweet tea. “I ‘m freezing, said Jane. All of them were sitting in front of a big fire.
“Are you hoping to get the box back? I saw it when it was falling don the river”, asked
Alan. “I don’t think so. It’s still raining very hard. There are still about twenty people
looking for it. We’ll never know what was in it we don’t get it back”, said the
Inspector.
AUTOEVALUACIÓN
1.- The river will run very high.
a) if it rained for two or three days.
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b) if it is very fast.
c) if it rains very hard.
d) if it rained in the old church.
2.- What was thick and dark?
a) the water was.
b) the rain was.
c) the branches were.
d) the church was.
3.- What was looking black?
a) the river.
b) the evening sky.
c) the moving water.
d) the old church.
4.- If the stones of the tower.
a) are touched by the church, I won’t be able to reach it.
b) are touched by the water, I won’t be able to reach it.
c) are touched by the cloud, I won’t be able to reach it.
d) are wet by the water, I won’t be able to reach it.
5.- When Jane’s taxi was driving away.
a) the rain stopped.
b) the river didn´t flow.
c) another car was stopping.
d) another car was driving away too.
6.- The two men were running towards the door of the tower.
a) when the taxi was stopping.
b) when Jane’s taxi was driving away.
c) when the two men were jumping out of the taxi.
d) when Jane was climbing up the stairs.
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7.- When was Jane feeling the wind in her face?.
a) when the wind was pushing against her.
b) when she got out of the taxi.
c) when the taxi was driving away.
d) when the other car was stopping.
8.- If the two men run fast.
a) Jane won’t reach the low wall.
b) Jane will open the church door.
c) Jane will climb up the stairs.
d) Alan will hit the American.
9.- What were they doing two hours later?
a) They were looking for the box.
b) They were drinking hot, sweet tea.
c) They were running to the tower.
d) They were far from the Police Station.
10.- They were also drying in front of a big fire.
a) Ellos estaban también frente a un gran fuego.
b) Ellos eran también secando frente a un gran fuego.
c) Ellos también se estaban secando frente a un gran fuego.
d) Ellos se están secando frente a un gran fuego.
AUTOEVALUACION INGLES III UNIDAD TRES
RESPUESTAS
Debió haber marcado:
1.- c
2.- a
3.- d
4.- b
5.- c
6.- c
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7.- a
8.- a
9.- b
10.- c
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACION
Sume sus respuestas correctas y verifique su capacidad de aprendizaje de
acuerdo con los siguientes criterios:
E: 10
MB: 8 a 9
B: 6 a 7
NA: 0 a 5
Si su resultado es “no acreditado”, no se desanieme; compare la respuesta que no
acertó. Considere si realmente no sabía o fue problema de interpretación de la
pregunta. Reflexione, analice trate de determinar la razón de su falla en su
aprendizaje o visite a su asesor.
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RESPUESTAS A LOS EJERCICIOS
UNIDAD UNO Tema 1:
Ejercicio No. 1 1.- Will see
2.- Shall/will give
3.- Will help
4.- Will clean
5.- Will close
6.- Shall/will leave
7.- Will find
8.- Will spend
9.- Will do
10.- Will blow
11.- Shall/will meet
12.- Shall/will pay
13.- Will learn
14.- Shall/will remain
15.- Will be
16.- Will pay
17.- Will spend
18.- Shall/will make
19.- Shall/will find
20.- Will clean
Ejercicio No. 2 1.- They will not (won’t) see us in the morning.
Will they see us in the morning?
2.- I will not (won’t)/shall not give you that money tomorrow.
Will you give me that money tomorrow?
3.- She will not (won’t) help with that work.
Will she help you with that work?
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4.- Mary will not (won’t) clean off the table right away.
Will Mary clean off the table rigth away?
5.- The stores will not (won’t) close early today.
Will the stores close early today?
6.- I will not (won’t)/shall not leave the tip.
Will you leave the tip?
7.- Helen will not (won’t) find the book which you need.
Will Helen find the book which you need?
8.- You will not (won’t) spend a lot of money there.
Will you spend a lot of money there?
9.- John will not (won’t) do well in that job.
Will John do well in that job?
10.- The wind will not (won’t) blow that sign down.
Will the wind blow that sign down?
11.- We will not (won’t)/ Shall not meet you in Grand Central Station.
Will /Shall we meet at Grand Central Station?
12.- I will not (won’t)/Shall not pay the bill.
Will you pay the bill?
13.- You will not (won’t) learn a great deal in that course.
Will you learn a great deal in that course?
14.- We will not (won’t)/Shall not remain in Mexico for a month.
Will you remain in Mexico for a month?
15.- His secretary says that he will not (won’t) be back at six O’clock.
Does his secretary say that he will be back at six O’clock?
16.- John will not (won’t) pay the cashier.
Will John pay the cashier?
17.- You will not (won’t) spend a lot of money there.
Will you spend a lot of money there?
18.- I will not (won’t)/Shall not make you a cup of tea.
Will/Shall I make you a cup of tea?
Tema 2:
Ejercicio No. 3
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1.- are going to have.
2.- are going to arrive.
3.- is going to leave.
4.- is going to visit.
5.- is going to speak.
6.- is going to study.
7.- are going to have.
8.- are going to wait.
9.- are going to fly.
10.- is going to study.
11.- are going to geat.
12.- is going to leave.
13.- are going to tear.
14.- is going to buy.
15.- are going to sell.
16.- is going to take.
17.- are going to do.
18.- is going to help.
19.- am going to wash.
20.- is going to be.
Ejercicio No. 4. 1.- a) John ins’t going to take a vacation.
b) Is John going to take a vacation?
2.- a) He ins’t going to start working there on Monday.
b) Is he going to start working there on Monday?
3.- a) They aren’t going to pay a good salary.
b) Are they going to pay a good salary?
4.- a) They aren´t going to move to California next month.
b) Are they going to move to California next month?
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5.- a) Henry ins’t going to travel to Europe on his vacation.
b) Is Henry going to travel to Europe on his vacation?
6.- a) We aren’t going to sit outdoors for a while.
b) Are you going to sit outdoors for a while?
7.- a) They aren´t going to spend the weekend in Connecticut.
b) Are they going to spend the weekend in Connecticut?
8.- a) He isn’t going to put all his money in stocks and bonds.
b) Is he going to put all his money in stocks and bonds?
9.- a) George isn’t going to have a tooth pulled tomorrow.
b) Is George going to have a tooth pulled tomorrow?
10.- a) I’m not going to read you any of my own poems.
b) Am I going to read you some of my own poems?
UNIDAD DOS TEMA 1:
Ejercicio No. 5 1.- gave was
11.- learned/learnt learned/learnt
2.- needed 12.- solved 3.- were were
13.- wore went
4.- made used
14.- married painted
5.- brought 15.- were 6.- changed 16.- began
invented 7.- said 17.- said
was thought was
8.- became 18.- wanted built
9.- watched 19.- worked. 10.- lived. 20.- lived.
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TEMA 2:
Ejercicio No. 6.
1.- Did many countries import rubber from Borneo?
2.- Did Hernan Cortes conquer the Caribbean sea?
3.- Did the Aztecs build Palenque?
4.- Did Cervantes write “Hamlet” and “Othello”?
5.- Did Leonardo Da Vinci paint “Guernica”?
6.- Did Robert learn the chemistry formulas in order to understand the
problems in the exam?
7.- Did people use money in early trade?
8.- Did Hawaiian adults like balls?
9.- Did Thomas Alva Edison die in 1959?
10.- Did Leonardo Da Vinci sculpt “The Thinker”?
11.- Did Mayans build the Pyramids of Gizeh 5,000 years ago?
12.- Did Brutus Kill Julius Caesar?
13.- Did Mozart compose Tanhauser?
14.- Did Velazquez paint the frescoes in Bonampak?
15.- Did Ann have a slice of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast?
16.- Did President Reagan walk along Paseo de la Reforma when he came
to Mexico?
17.- Did the nurses wear their new uniforms yesterday morning?
18.- Did the fat women in the group eat low calorie food during three monts?
19.- Did Mr. Collen close the grocery store at 5 p.m. last Saturday?
20.- Did the children laugh a lot at the clown?
Ejercicio No. 7 1.- Many countries did not import rubber from Borneo.
2.- Hernan Cortes did not conquer the Caribbean sea.
3.- The Aztecs did not build Palenque.
4.- Cervantes did not write “Hamlet” and “Othello”.
5.- Leonardo Da Vinci did not paint “Guernica”.
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6.- Robert did not learn the chemistry formulas in order to understand the
problems in the exam.
7.- People did not use money in early trade because they used, rains
instead of money.
8.- Adults in Hawaii did not like balls.
9.- Thomas Alva Edison did not die in 1959.
10.- Leonardo Da Vinci did not sculpt “The Thinker”.
11.- Mayans did not build the Pyramids of Gizeh 5,000 years ago.
12.- Brutus did not kill Julius Caesar.
13.- Mozart did not compose Tanhauser.
14.- Velazquez did not paint the frescoes in Bonampak.
15.- Ann did not have a slice of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast.
16.- President Reagan did not walk along Paseo de la Reforma when he
came to Mexico.
17.- The nurses did not wear their new uniforms yesterday morning.
18.- The fat women in the group did not eat low calorie food during three
monts.
19.- Mr. Collen did not close the grocery store at 5 p.m. last Saturday.
20.- The children did not laugh a lot at the clown.
UNIDAD TRES Tema 1:
Ejercicio No. 8 Affirmative
a) have learned f) has developed
b) have gone g) have taught
c) has just graduated h) have done
d) has become i) have lived
e) have met j) has worked
Ejercicio No. 9 Interrogative
a) Have we learned new words?
b) Have you gone to Europe many times?
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c) Has his brother just graduated from Secondary?
d) Has Acapulco become a popular winter resort?
e) Have I met her?
f) Has sea developed since 1974?
g) Have they taught English for two years?
h) Have we done our work?
i) Have you lived in this city almost all your life?
j) Has she worked very hard?
Ejercicio No. 10 Negative
a) have not learned f) has not developed
b) have not gone g) have not taught
c) has not just graduated h) have not done
d) has not become i) have not lived
e) have not met j) has not worked
Tema 2:
Ejercicio No. 11 Affirmative
a) had never seen f) had checked
b) had walked g) had fallen
c) had completed h) had received, had promised
d) had just closed i) had left
e) had already left j) had checked
Ejercicio No. 12 Interrogative
a) Had you ever seen the Big Ben before you visited London last month?
b) Had Alan walked no more than two blocks when he met Robert?
c) Had Richard gone home because he had completed everything?
d) Had the manager just closed the store a moment before you got there?
e) Had Mrs. Henderson already left when you called her office?
f) Did you call Mr. Gilbert when you had checked the report carefully?
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g) Did you hear that your friend had fallen on some steps and broken his
arm?
h) Had Bill received the money you had promised to pay him?
i) Had the boy left the classroom by time the teacher arrived?
j) Did you call Mr. Davis just after you had checked the report?
Ejercicio No. 13 Negative
a) had not never seen f) had not checked
b) had not walked g) had not fallen, and had not broken
c) had not gone h) had not received
d) had not just closed i) had not left
e) had not left j) had not checked
UNIDAD CUATRO Tema 1:
Ejercicio No. 14 1.- is flying
2.- are mending
3.- is shining
4.- are playing
5.- am writting
6.- is giving
7.- are preparing
8.- is planning
9.- are working
10.- am watching
Ejercicio No.15 1.- Is the airplane flying at 2,000 meters?
2.- Are they mending my shirt?
3.- Is the sun shining?
4.- Are the children playing in the park?
5.- Are you writting a letter to your friend?
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6.- Is the President giving a lecture?
7.- Are you preparing your English class?
8.- Is the government planning to raise the taxes?
9.- Are Robert and Liza Minelli working in a new film?
10.- Are you watching an interesting program?
Ejercicio No.16 1.- The airplane is not flying at 2,000 meters.
2.- They are not mending my shirt.
3.- The sun is not shining.
4.- The children are not playing in the park.
5.- I am not writting a letter to my friend.
6.- The President is not giving a lecture.
7.- We are not preparing our English class.
8.- The government is not planning to raise the taxes.
9.- Robert Reford and Liza Minelli are not working in a new film.
10.- I am not watching an interesting program.
Ejercicio No.17 1.- is not working - is swimming
2.- is teaching
3.- is .......... wearing
4.- is going. Is........... bringing
5.- are.................using
6.- am not using
7.- is making
8.- are............. reading
9.- are listening............. are not watching
10.- are................. doing
Tema 2:
Ejercicio No. 18 1.- were waiting
2.- were wearing
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3.- was making
4.- was making
5.- was taking
6.- were having
7.- were swimming
8.- was playing...............was washing
9.- was running
10.- were playing
Ejercicio No. 19 1.- were......................doing
2.- was playing
3.- was not playing.................I was attending
4.- were not studyding
5.- were watching
6.- was................taking
7.- was slepping
8.- were................working
9.- was not working - was studying
10.- were...................waiting
Tema 3:
Ejercicio No.20 1.- would get
2.- knew
3.- were.............would think
4.- drove...........would have
5.- would get
6.- were............would try
7.- would get
8.- paid............would respect
9.- were
10.- attended........would make
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