Universidad de Salamanca

Facultad de Biología

Biblioteca

Bionoticias Noviembre (3ª) de 2014

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índice

Avisos de la Facultad 4

Biología 7

Biomedicina 12

Biotecnología 14

Neurociencia 18

Células madre y Epigenética 21

.Avisos de la Facultad

Próximo Seminario INCYL: Viernes 21 a las 12:00 horas.

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.Biología

Las herramientas que los chimpancés construyen y usan para

alimentarse de ciertas hormigas

Los chimpancés de África Occidental dedican mucho tiempo y

esfuerzos a buscar ejemplares de Alchornea hirtella, un arbusto largo y

delgado cuyos brotes rectos proporcionan las herramientas ideales para

Lo que está matando de forma tremenda a estrellas de mar

Hace aproximadamente un año, una gran cantidad de estrellas de mar

empezaron a deshacerse en las orillas del Estrecho de Howe, de la

Columbia Británica en Canadá, masacradas por una enfermedad

La "astucia" de la Malaria

Entrega del podcast Quilo de Ciencia, realizado por Jorge Laborda

(catedrático de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de la Universidad de

Castilla-La Mancha, España), en Ciencia para Escuchar, que

Los geólogos piden protección para la geodiversidad terrestre

Por primera vez, el Congreso Mundial de Parques que se celebra en

Sídney (Australia) ha incluido la geodiversidad en su programa. Entre

los promotores de esta iniciativa está el Instituto Geológico y Minero de

Mundo acuático microscópico: cómo alimentarse y no morir en el

intento

El naturalista inglés Charles Darwin sostenía que las especies que

sobreviven no son las más fuertes, ni las más rápidas, ni siquiera las más

inteligentes, sino aquellas que se adaptan mejor a su medio ambiente.

La marea meteorológica del mar Mediterráneo aumenta más de un

milímetro al año desde 1989

Una nueva base de datos desarrollada por la Universidad de Cantabria

arroja datos de la variación del nivel del mar debida a los cambios

atmosféricos en el sur de Europa desde 1948 hasta 2009. En las dos

Las hembras de mamíferos se vuelven promiscuas para proteger a sus

crías de los infanticidas

Un estudio de la Universidad de Cambridge (Reino Unido) afirma que

las hembras de algunas especies de mamíferos crean confusión en la

paternidad de los machos para proteger a las crías del infanticidio.

Revelan las mutaciones genéticas que hicieron dócil al gato doméstico

La primera evidencia arqueológica de la coexistencia de gatos y

humanos se ha encontrado en Chipre, según un estudio publicado

recientemente en la revista PNAS. Los gatos, como los perros, se

Un hallazgo sobre células madre desafía al dogma de cómo se

desarrollan los fetos

Se ha descubierto un nuevo tipo de célula madre que, aparentemente,

puede convertirse en una célula hepática o en una célula que conforma

el revestimiento de los vasos sanguíneos del hígado. La existencia de

Bacterias convertidas en dispositivos de memoria para almacenamiento

de datos genómicos

Unos científicos han transformado el genoma de una cepa de bacterias

E. coli en un dispositivo de almacenamiento a largo plazo para datos

genómicos. Prevén que esta memoria estable, regrabable y fácil de leer,

Estudian el daño intracelular producido por radicales libres

El efecto que los radicales libres provocan en los organismos ha sido

ampliamente difundido por la industria cosmética. Sin embargo, aún no

se conoce a cabalidad el comportamiento de los radicales en el interior

Deinocheirus, la mano terrible

Entrega del podcast Zoo de Fósiles, a cargo de Germán Fernández

Sánchez, en Ciencia para Escuchar, que recomendamos por su interés.

Hace casi cincuenta años, en 1965, la paleontóloga polaca Zofia Kielan-

Más de 22.000 especies están en peligro de extinción en todo el mundo

El atún rojo del Pacífico, el pez globo, la cobra de China, la anguila

americana y el camaleón gigante con cuernos de cuchilla –entre otras

22.408 especies– se encuentran al borde de la extinción, según la última

El cambio climático y la fragmentación impiden la regeneración de las

encinas

Los animales encargados de la dispersión de las semillas no logran

repartirlas para que el arbolado se regenere. Además, la fragmentación

del arbolado, junto con el calentamiento global, también la dificultan e

impiden la renovación de las encinas. Investigadores españoles

proponen tomar medidas de manejo del paisaje para evitar el colapso

del encinar.

As elephants go, so go the trees

Overhunting has been disastrous for elephants, but their forest habitats

have also been caught in the crossfire. A first-of-its-kind study shows

that the dramatic loss of elephants, which disperse seeds after eating

Going against the flow: Targeting bacterial motility to combat disease

The ability to move enables many bacteria to reach a specific niche or to

leave hostile environments. The bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum is

a poultry pathogen that is capable of gliding over solid surfaces.

Unexpected cross-species contamination in genome sequencing projects

As genome sequencing has gotten faster and cheaper, the pace of whole-

genome sequencing has accelerated, dramatically increasing the number

of genomes deposited in public archives. Although these genomes are a

Viruses impaired if their targets have diverse genes

When a viral infection spread through five genetically identical mice in

a row, the virus replicated faster and became more virulent or severe.

But when the infection spread one-by-one through five genetically

Symbiotic plants are more diverse, finds new study

Some plants form into new species with a little help from their friends.

When plants develop mutually beneficial relationships with animals,

mainly insects, those plant families become more diverse by evolving

Mongoose sentinels respond flexibly to threats

Just as soldiers on sentry duty constantly adjust their behavior to match

the current threat level, dwarf mongoose sentinels exhibit flexible

decision-making in relation to predation risk, new research has shown.

Why lizards have bird breath: Iguanas evolved one-way lungs

surprisingly like those of birds

Biologists long assumed that one-way air flow was a special adaptation

in birds driven by the intense energy demands of flight. But now

scientists have shown that bird-like breathing also developed in green

Fruit flies learn from others: Researchers study how group interaction

influences where female fruit flies lay their eggs

Fruit flies do not always conform to the norm. When female fruit flies

have to decide where to lay their eggs, they take their lead from what

they see most others in their group do. However, some do take their

Extinction risk not the answer for reef futures

Leading coral reef scientists say there needs to be a new approach to

protecting the future of marine ecosystems, with a shift away from the

current focus on extinction threat.

.Biomedicina

Los nacimientos prematuros son la primera causa de muerte en niños

menores de cinco años

En la actualidad, la principal causa de muerte infantil en el mundo no es

una enfermedad infecciosa, sino el parto prematuro. Cada año, 1,09

millones de niños menores de 5 años mueren por complicaciones

La jerarquía social modula la actividad cerebral y el comportamiento

Un nuevo artículo aporta conocimiento sobre procesos cognitivos

complejos y de alto nivel, una nueva y significativa vía a través de la

cual el cerebro integra diferentes tipos de información, de carácter social

Un anticuerpo monoclonal demuestra mayor eficacia que la

quimioterapia en melanoma avanzado

Un nuevo estudio realizado en 418 pacientes revela la eficacia de un

anticuerpo monoclonal, el nivolumab, en el aumento de la supervivencia

global y de la respuesta al tratamiento de los pacientes con melanoma

Describen cómo ‘Listeria’ regula la expresión de una proteína de

superficie dentro de las células

Un grupo de investigadores del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología ha

descubierto un mecanismo por el que la bacteria patógena Listeria

monocytogenes aumenta la expresión de una proteína de su pared

El corazón reacciona en dos fases muy diferenciadas tras un infarto

Un nuevo estudio liderado por investigadores del CNIC derrumba un

dogma clásico según el cual tras un infarto existía una reparación

progresiva del miocardio. Los resultados se publican hoy en el Journal

.Biotecnología

Biobancos: mejorar igualdad normativa y gestión de datos

Las plataformas de recogida, manejo y uso de muestras biológicas

mejoran sus prestaciones, aunque buscan más homogeneidad y 'calar' en

el SNS.

Advances in electron microscopy reveal secrets of HIV and other

viruses

Researchers are getting a new look at the workings of HIV and other

viruses thanks to new techniques in electron microscopy. Making a

vaccine against HIV has always been difficult, at least partly because

A bird's-eye view of the protein universe: First global picture of the

evolutionary origins of proteins

How exactly did proteins first come to be? Do they all share a single

common ancestor, or did proteins evolve from many different origins?

Forming a global picture of the protein universe is crucial to addressing

Some flu viruses potentially more dangerous than others

Certain subtypes of avian influenza viruses have the potential to cause

more severe disease in humans than other avian influenza subtypes and

should be monitored carefully to prevent spread of disease, according to

Helping wheat defend itself against damaging viruses

A patent-pending technology has built resistance to certain viruses in

wheat plants. These viruses can be an economic drain to wheat farmers

by costing them 5 to 10 percent or more in yield reductions per crop.

Unexpected cross-species contamination in genome sequencing projects

As genome sequencing has gotten faster and cheaper, the pace of whole-

genome sequencing has accelerated, dramatically increasing the number

of genomes deposited in public archives. Although these genomes are a

The 'dirty' side of soap: Triclosan, a common antimicrobial in personal

hygiene products, causes liver fibrosis and cancer in mice

Triclosan is an antimicrobial commonly found in soaps, shampoos,

toothpastes and many other household items. Despite its widespread

use, researchers report potentially serious consequences of long-term

Marching to our own sequence: DNA replication insight

Imagine being asked to copy a library of books. Doing it yourself would

take forever. You'd probably call some friends and come up with a plan

to divide and conquer. That's what a human cell does when faced with

Scientists find way to 'keep the lights on' for cell self-renewal

Researchers have discovered a way to impose an immortal-like state on

mouse progenitor cells responsible for producing blood and vascular

tissue. By regulating a small number of genes, the cells became

How adult fly testes keep from changing into ovaries

New research in flies shows how cells in adult reproductive organs

maintain their sexual identity. The study also identified a mutation that

can switch the cells’ sexual identity. The findings could lead to new

On a safari through the genome: Genes offer new insights into the

distribution of giraffes

The Giraffe, a symbol of the African savanna and a fixed item on every

safari’s agenda, is a fascinating animal. However, contrary to many of

the continent’s other wild animals, these long-necked giants are still

Single molecular switch may contribute to major aging-related diseases

A study has identified what appears to be a molecular switch controlling

inflammatory processes involved in conditions ranging from muscle

atrophy to Alzheimer's disease.

Many microbiome studies flawed by contamination, experts say

Many published microbiome studies are likely to have been

contaminated and may incorrectly report the presence of

microorganisms unintentionally introduced from the laboratory

Scientists uncover novel looping mechanism that controls the fitness of

cells, impacting aging and disease

A novel looping mechanism that involves the end caps of DNA may

help explain the aging of cells and how they initiate and transmit

disease, according to new research.

.Neurociencia

Musicians show advantages in long-term memory

Psychologists have demonstrated a link between musical training and

long-term memory advantages.

Mother's soothing presence makes pain go away, changes gene activity

in infant brain

A mother's 'TLC' not only can help soothe pain in infants, but it may

also impact early brain development by altering gene activity in a part

of the brain involved in emotions, according to a new study.

Spice up your memory: Just one gram of turmeric a day could boost

memory

Adding just one gram of turmeric to breakfast could help improve the

memory of people who are in the very early stages of diabetes and at

risk of cognitive impairment.

Biologists explore link between memory deficit and misfiring circadian

clock in Siberian hamsters

By disrupting Siberian hamsters' circadian rhythms, scientists have

identified a part of the brain that, when misfiring, inhibits memory. The

work could lead to therapies for neurodegenerative diseases in humans.

Major brain pathway rediscovered after century-old confusion,

controversy

A scientist looking at MRI scans of human brains noticed a large fiber

pathway that seemed to be part of the network that processes visual

information. He just couldn’t couldn’t find it in any of the modern

Mechanisms behind 'Mexican waves' in brain revealed by scientists

Scientists have revealed the mechanisms that enable certain brain cells

to persuade others to create ‘Mexican waves’ linked with cognitive

function. Inhibitory neurons can vibrate and they are equipped with

Breakthrough in understanding Parkinson's disease

The Parkin protein functions to repair or destroy damaged nerve cells,

depending on the degree to which they are damaged, scientists have

learned. People living with Parkinson's disease often have a mutated

Alzheimer's drug may reduce urge to binge eat

The Alzheimer's drug memantine may perform double-duty helping

binge eaters control their compulsion. Researchers have demonstrated

that memantine, a neuroprotective drug, may reduce the addictive and

Finding 'lost' languages in the brain: Far-reaching implications for

unconscious role of infant experiences

An infant's mother tongue creates neural patterns that the unconscious

brain retains years later even if the child totally stops using the

language, as can happen in cases of international adoption, according to

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on postconcussion symptoms in military

members

A clinical trial testing hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on persistent

postconcussion symptoms in US military service members showed no

benefits over a sham procedure in an air-filled chamber, but symptoms

State-of-the-art integrated imaging system allows mapping of brain cells

responsible for memory

Scientists have developed an advanced imaging system to identify cells

responsible for storing memory within a tiny worm. Their study not

only offers a new way to identify molecular substrates of memory but

African Americans at greater risk from stroke and other cerebrovascular

diseases

Compared to Caucasian Americans, African Americans have impaired

blood flow regulation in the brain that could contribute to a greater risk

of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, transient ischaemic attack

Sleep disorders found to be highly prevalent in firefighters

In a national sample of almost 7,000 firefighters, researchers examined

the prevalence of common sleep disorders and their association with

adverse health and safety outcomes and found that sleep disorders are

highly prevalent, and associated with substantially increased risk of

motor vehicle crashes and cardio-metabolic diseases among firefighters.

.Células madre y Epigenética

Cardiac stem cell therapy may heal heart damage caused by Duchenne

muscular dystrophy

Injections of cardiac stem cells might help reverse heart damage caused

by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, potentially resulting in a longer life

expectancy for patients with the chronic muscle-wasting disease,

Unique protein found: Key to development of blood stem cells

Stem cell scientists discover unique cell surface protein GPI-80 that is

key to self-renewal of hematopoietic (blood forming) stem cells (HSCs)

during human development. This discovery paves the way for scientists

Scientists find way to 'keep the lights on' for cell self-renewal

Researchers have discovered a way to impose an immortal-like state on

mouse progenitor cells responsible for producing blood and vascular

tissue. By regulating a small number of genes, the cells became

Biblioteca. Facultad de Biología

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