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Power Quality Monitoring

1

ALSTOM Power Quality

Monitoring SolutionsSelling Guide

APRIL 2000


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POWER QUALITY CONCERNS:

In the upper part of the network, the main

concern is to improve the grid load flow In the lower part of the network, the main

concern is to improve the end user Voltage


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INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSIONNETWORK

SUB TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION

LV NETWORK

G

G

G

G

SECONDARY(RURAL)DISTRIBUTION

Heavy

Industry

MediumIndustry

Light Industry

POW GEN

IPPPOW GEN

IPP

RenewableSourcesIPPMunicipal

CO-GEN

DOMESTIC

URBANTRANSFORMERS

CHEMICALPLANTS

STEELWORKS

M722

M722

M722

M723

M723

M724

M723

M724

M723

M722

M721

M721

M723

M722 M722

M721

M724HV Sliding refrequired

GRID LOAD FLOWIMPROVEMENT

END USER VOLTAGEIMPROVEMENT

Range MiCOM M720 : PQ Meters

Why assessing the level of Power Quality ?

G


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Customer solutions :

Transmission Utility

Distribution Utility

Industries

Generation, IPP


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Power Quality MonitoringinTRANSMISSION


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Transmission Utility : Customer questions:

How can I monitor the legal and contractual interfaces

inside my network ? Do I need and how can I build-up Power Quality

contracts ?

How to optimise the network planning improving asset

management ?


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Transmission Utility : Monitoring the legal and

contractual interfaces : how PQM can help ?

by monitoring a set of parameters versus PQ standards,

including the sliding HV reference : V,V dips andInterruptions, FRQ, Unbalance, Harmonics to evaluate

the propagation of bad quality over the transmission

network

by producing advanced PQ reports in a user-friendly way, accessible to financial deciders, and to produce

evidence to the customers that the promised Power

Quality level is met


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Transmission Utility : build-up power quality

contracts : how PQM can help ?

by assessing how far is the actual level of Power Quality

from the to be defined standards to evaluate the riskswhile building legal contractual agreements

by monitoring the set of PQ parameters with fully

configurable limits to sharpen the knowledge of PQ, to

eliminate PQ pollution at the source by knowing the level of Power Quality time and space

related, to take planning action to reach the level of PQ

at whatever time and location

by getting advanced reports on PQ data producingcontractual evidences


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Transmission Utility : optimise the networkplanning through better asset management :

how PQM can help ? by getting the relevant PQ data to improve the technical

and financial management of the network by increasing the relevance of the renovation by knowing

the PQ level at critical locations (common coupling

points)

by getting in an efficient way advanced PQ reports, timeand space related to build-up ROI analysis

by knowing the convergence to the PQ standards to

avoid over-quality and consequently over investment


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Transmission Utility : optimise the networkplanning through better asset management :

how PQM can help ? by allowing calculation of potential penalties according to

the type of investment and therefore optimise thefinancial management of my network

by using the PQM data to mitigate PQ sags/Interruptions

and consequently decrease the loss of income due to the

undelivered energy


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Transmission Utility : Power Quality

Monitoring solutions : Which product to

choose in PCB range ?

to monitor the legal and contractual interfaces

(deregulation) -> MiCOM M723

to build-up Power Quality contracts -> MiCOM M724

to optimise the network planning with the asset

management approach -> MiCOM M724

and QR Manager analysis software


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Power Quality MonitoringinDISTRIBUTION


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Distribution Utility : Customer questions:

How can I monitor the legal and contractual interfaces ?

How can I improve the reliability and the availability of thepower delivered to the customers at lower costs ?

How being able to propose premium power contracts ?

How to optimise the network planning improving asset

management ?


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Distribution Utility : monitor the legal and

contractual interfaces : how PQM can help ?

by monitoring a set of parameters versus PQ standards

including Flicker, Inter-harmonics and signalling Voltage by getting efficiently periodic PQ reports

by comparing the actual level of Power Quality versus

other utilities, to make sure to keep a good benchmark

position by monitoring carefully the Power Quality coming from

IPPs


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Distribution Utility : improve the reliability andthe availability of the power delivered to the

customers at lower costs : how PQM can help ?

by getting fast and accurate information on Power Qualitydisruption

by assessing accurately the actual level of Power

Quality to avoid penalties

by monitoring the disturbances created by pollutingcustomers (Industries), and claim penalties

by linking the kwh purchase rate from IPPs to the Power

Quality level


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Distribution utility : being able to propose

premium power contracts : how PQM can

help ? by investigating the actual level of Power Quality to know

where the Quality is harmed and take action by assessing the Power Quality with fully configurable

limits, to get some sections to a top quality power

by building up an offer of targeted quality to sensitive

customers by having a powerful and automatic reports generation

facility


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Distribution utility : optimise the network

planning improving asset management : how

PQM can help ? by investing in a relevant way with best ROI possible,

related to penalties involved by decreasing the loss of income due to the undelivered

energy

by avoiding over-quality for everyone, keeping the best

quality for premium power contracts by recovering the incoming penalties, and avoiding the

out-coming penalties

by managing efficiently the power flow to buy

continuously the best value for money power


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Distribution Utility : Power Quality

Monitoring solutions : Which product to

choose in PCB range ?

to monitor the legal and contractual interfaces(deregulation) -> MiCOM M721

to improve the reliability and the availability of the power

delivered to the customers at lower costs

-> MiCOM M722 to be able to propose premium power contracts

to optimise the network planning with the asset

management approach -> MiCOM M722



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Power Quality MonitoringinINDUSTRIES


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Industry :

Power Quality Monitoring : Customers

questions

How can I check that the committed power quality isreached ?

How can I keep the continuity of the process ?

How can I decrease my energy bill ?

How can I avoid penalties (minimise pollution to the grid)

?

How can I optimise the plant ?


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Industry : check that the committed power quality

is reached : how PQM can help ?

by continuously monitoring the level of Power Quality

by processing the necessary statistics , generating thePower Quality index stated in the contract

by getting periodically (typical every week) a reports on

the contractual PQ indices

by making the PQ data accessible to financial people


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Industry : keep the continuity of my process :

how PQM can help ? by getting specific contractual agreement with the utilities

by monitoring the level of Power Quality delivered to their

plant by minimising the effect of the variations of the electrical

supply

by correlating the Power Quality disruptions with the

failures in the process


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Industry : decrease the energy bill : how PQM

can help ? by monitoring accurately the Power Quality parameters

linked to possible penalties

by optimising the energy cost allocations throughout theplant

by getting a deep knowledge of the power flow on the

plant in order to better negotiate with the utilities

by grouping some loads to optimise the costs by getting a cheaper own-generation capability

by billing in the best way the energy sold by the plant


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Industry : avoid penalties (minimise pollution to

the grid) : how PQM can help ? by monitoring continuously the disturbing loads to know

their influence on the level of Power Quality emitted to

outside (arc furnaces etc )

by placing well-dimensioned relevant corrective devices ,

thus avoiding penalties

by getting accurately, statistics on Power Quality data,

with thresholds crossing


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Industry : optimise the plant : how PQM can

help ? by identifying the sensitive loads, and increase their

immunity (rather than rise up the power quality level

everywhere)

by measuring the Power Quality throughout the plant and

build up a risk management plan

by performing a Power Quality level survey , time and

topology related

by getting quickly, well designed Power Quality reports


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Industry : Power Quality Monitoring

solutions : Which product to choose in PCB

range ? to check that the committed power quality is reached

-> MiCOM M721 to keep the continuity of the process -> MiCOM M722

to decrease the energy bill -> MiCOM M722

to avoid penalties (minimise pollution to the grid)

-> MiCOM M722(memory for long duration data logging) -> MiCOM M724

to optimise the plant -> MiCOM M724



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Low

Melting ovenCement ovenTansportArc Furnace

Food processing

PaperGlassCarmanufacturer

Metal assemblyMech. ExtrusionIndustrial gasesFiber production

ElectrolysisGrinding

High

Low

AVAI

LABIL

ITY

Steel rollingAluminiumRolling

RefiningChemicals/plastics

Medium High

Q U A L I T Y(Impact of aninterruption)

(Impact of a dip)

IMPACT : in major industries


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AirportDips Interruptions Swell Hi Inter- Hi Flicker Unbalance K-Factor

Telecom.

Cyclo-converterElectronicEquipt

Car Industry

Oil & Gas

Railways

Variablespeed drive

X X X X X X -

X X

-

- - - - - -

X X X XX - - -

X X X XX X- -

X X X X X XX -

X X X X X -- -

- X XX - - - -

X X X XX X- -

Transformer X X XX-- X

Type of Power Quality disruption


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Interruptions

Example of cost per PQ event :

Semi-conductor Industry

Level of Voltage 20 kV

Interr. Rate 1.0 /mnth

Loss / event 52 MUS$ /event

Cost per month 52 MUS$

Cost per year 630 MUS$

Example : process is lasting 70 days with 300 steps in the process, in an oven :700 Wafers x 150 microchips x 500 US$ each

-> loss = 700 x 150 x 500 = 52 M$ !!


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Power Quality MonitoringinOIL & GAS APPLICATION


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Different level are present depending of the

size of the plant :

Main arrival from public utility

Co-generation at sub-transmission or distribution

level

Back-up network at low voltage level

(emergency)

MV loads (motors , crackers etc )

LV loads (motors, pumps, etc )

OIL & GAS PLANT :


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OIL & GAS Plant :

SUB TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

SECONDARY

DISTRIBUTION

LVNETWORK

G

G

CO-GENERATION

INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSION NETWORK

LV LOADS

G

EmergencyCO-GENERATION

11KV110KV

N x 40 MW

11KV

36.6KV

N x 20 MW

1000 kW

CO-GENERATION

HV Arrival (Utility)

Big Oil &Gas Plant

Middle sizeOil & GasPlant


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Different parameters are to be monitored :

Monitoring of the main HV arrival from the utility

Monitoring of the correct coupling/Islanding of the

Co-generation devices

Technological monitoring of the Co-generation

turbines

Monitoring (M) and Power Quality Monitoring(PQM)

Power flow (Import/export) monitoring at the

interconnection public network/oil & gas plant

OIL & GAS PLANT :


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Different parameters are to be monitored :

Monitoring of the harmonic pollution of the power

throughout the plant (Variable speed motors,

transformer saturation, etc )

Monitoring of operation during

connection/disconnection of loads

Unbalance rate of the network (phase to phasefaults, Fuse blowing , Unbalanced load)

Billing optimisation (peak hours management)

OIL & GAS PLANT :

Q


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Phenomena to be monitored :

SUB TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

SECONDARY

DISTRIBUTION

LVNETWORK

INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSIONNETWORK

LV LOADS

G


11KV110KV

N x 40 MW

11KV

36.6KV

N x 20 MW

1000 kW

CO-GENERATION

Network phase changing

Reclosing

Motor Starting

Voltage Current

Motor Starting

Source coupling

VariableSpeedMotor

CO-GENERATION

G

GBig Oil &Gas Plant


P Q lit M it i


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MONITORING AND POWER QUALITY MONITORING

SUB TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

SECONDARY

DISTRIBUTION

LV NETWORK

INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSION NETWORK

LV LOADS

G

11KV110KV

N x 40 MW

11KV

36.6KV

N x 20 MW

1000 kW

CO-GENERATION

Reclosing CO-GENERATION

G

G

MiCOM M723


M / PQM

MiCOM M722

M / PQM

MiCOM M723

MiCOM M722

MiCOM M721MiCOM M722

M / PQM

M / PQM

M / PQM

M / PQM

M / PQM

MiCOM M724Portable

Big Oil &Gas Plant


P Q lit M it i


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Power Quality MonitoringinGENERATION & IPPs

P Q lit M it i


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Generation and IPP : Customers questions

How can I get evidence that the level of Power Quality is

according the requirements How can I secure the invoicing of different Quality of

Supply of the power generated according to their rates

How can I get technological data about the generating

devices

P Q lit M it i


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Generation and IPP : get evidence that thelevel of Power Quality is according the

requirements : how PQM can help ?

by monitoring continuously the level of Power Qualityaccording the contractual commitment

by keeping the history of the monitored data over an

invoicing period

by producing advanced PQ reports showing evidence ofthe fulfilling of the commitments

P Q lit M it i


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Generation and IPP : secure the invoicing ofdifferent Quality of Supply of the power generatedaccording to their rates:

how PQM can help ?

by having the monitored data , periodically reported to

financial people

by monitoring the power generated according more than

one Power Quality profile by having selected targeted reports according the

different rates

P Q lit M it i


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Generation and IPP : get technological data

about the generating devices :

how PQM can help ? by monitoring a set of parameters linked to the

technology of the generating devices (inter-harmonics,unbalance, flicker etc )

by producing advanced PQ information to technical

specialists for analysis and corrective and preventive

maintenance

Po er Q alit Monitoring


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Generation and IPP : Power Quality

Monitoring solutions : Which product tochoose in PCB range ? to get evidence that the level of Power Quality is

according the requirements-> MiCOM M722

IPPs -> MiCOM M721

to secure the invoicing of different Quality of Supply of

the power generated according to their rates-> MiCOM M722

to get technological data about the generating devices

-> MiCOM M724




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Power QualityMonitoring Solutions :M720 + QR Manager



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ALSTOM Power Quality Monitoring

Solutions :

MiCOM M720 : a comprehensive range of Power Quality

Meters QR Manager : advanced analysis software with

automatic PQ report generation



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Medidor de calidad de potencia ALSTOM

Soluciones:

MICOM M720 : amplia gama de medidores de calidad de

potencia

ADMINISTRADOR QR: software de anlisis avanzado

con generador automtico de PQ.



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MiCOM M721

Standard power quality profile

MiCOM M722

Customisable power quality profile - Investigation MiCOM M723

Standard power quality profile - HV sliding

reference

MiCOM M724

Expert investigation - convergence of the PQ

parameters to the PQ standards

MiCOM M720



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MiCOM M721

Perfiles de calidad normalizados

MiCOM M722

Perfiles de calidad configurables - Investigacin MiCOM M723

Perfiles de calidad normalizados - HV sliding

reference

MiCOM M724

Expert investigation - convergence of the PQ

parameters to the PQ standards

MiCOM M720



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POWER QUALITY MONITORINGINTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSIONNETWORK

SUB TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION

LV NETWORK

G

G

G

G

G

SECONDARY(RURAL)DISTRIBUTION

Heavy

Industry

Medium

Industry

Light Industry

POW GEN

IPPPOW GEN

IPP

RenewableSourcesIPPMunicipal

CO-GENDOMESTIC

URBANTRANSFORMERS

CHEMICALPLANTS

STEELWORKS

M722

M722

M722

M723

M723

M724

M723

M724

M723

M722

M721

M721

M723

M722 M722

M721




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Medicin de calidad de potenciaRed de transmisin

SUB-TRANSMISION

DISTRIBUCION

DISTRIBUCION

SECUNDARIA

RED BAJATENSION

G

G

G

G

G

RED DEDISTRIBUCIONRURAL

GENERACION

IPPGENERACION

IPP

GeneracinMunicipal

CO-GENERACIONCONSUMODOMESTICO

TRANSFORMADORES URBANOS

INDUSTRIA

INDUSTRIA

M722

M722

M722

M723

M723

M724

M723

M724

M723

M722

M721

M721

M723

M722 M722

M721




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Parameters

Nb of channels

Moni

toring

:

Phase Voltage (Va, Vb, Vc)

Negative Sequence Voltage

Current (Ia, Ib, Ic)

Neutral Current

Active Power (Pa, Pb, Pc, PT)

Power Factor (Pf1, Pf2, Pf3, PfT)

Memory

4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I

1 Mb 4 Mb 8 Mb 8 Mb

Line Voltage (Vab, Vbc, Vca)

Reactive Power (Qa, Qb, Qc, QT)

Apparent Power (Sa, Sb, Sc, ST)

Frequency

* * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* derived quantity

Harmonics V

Waveform Capture

Harmonics I

Range M721 M722 M723 M724



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Parmetro

Nmero de canales

Tensin de Fase (Va, Vb, Vc)

Tensin de secuencianegativaCorriente: Ia, Ib,

IcCorriente deneutroPotencia Activa: Pa, Pb, Pc,PT

Factor de potencia: Pf1, Pf2, Pf3,PfT

Memoria

4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I

1 Mb 4 Mb 8 Mb 8 Mb

Tensin de lnea: Vab, Vbc,Vca

Potencia reactiva: Qa, Qb, Qc,QTPotencia Aparente: Sa, Sb, Sc,ST

Frecuencia

* * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* Parmetro calculado

Componente harmnica deV

Captura de forma de

onda

Componente harmnica de I

M721 M722 M723 M724



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Parameters

Nb of channels

Sampling Frequency

Inter-harmonics

K-Factor

Storage T_very_short (3sec)

4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I

PQ

Mo

nitoring:

(50) (50) (50) (50)/(100*)

(2) (4) (8) (8)(Pstimax)(Pst) (Pstimax)(Pst)

IEC 1000-4-7

IEC 61000-4-15

5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz10 240 Hz *

HV Sliding reference

Slow VariationsDips , InterruptionsFrequencyHarmonics, THDRipple clockFlicker

Unbalance rate

* option

EN50160 / IEEE 1159

Configurable standards

Range M721 M722 M723 M724



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ParmetroNmero de

canales

Frecuencia demuestreo

Inter-harmonics

K-Factor

Storage T_very_short(3sec)

4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I

(50) (50) (50) (50)/(100*)

(2) (4) (8) (8)(Pstimax)(Pst) (Pstimax)(Pst)

IEC 1000-4-7

IEC 61000-4-15

5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz10 240 Hz *

HV Slidingreference

Variacin lentaDips , InterrrupcionesFrecuenciaHarmonicos, THDRipple clockFlicker

Desbalance fases

* opcional

EN50160 / IEEE 1159Configurabl

e

M721 M722 M723 M724



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PQM Analysis software : QR Manager:

95 %

99 %

Paramtre 1 - Paramtre 2 - Paramtre 3 - ......- Paramtre N

Data Analysis : Computation of probability 95% (EN50160), 100% or any

other desired percentage

Representation of the PQ data in Time domain

Representation of the PQ data compared to Power

Quality patterns (CBEMA, ITIC curves, customised)

Bar chart 3D for sorting out

dips and Interruptions

SARFI indicators

DISDIP table

PQ Report generation

Report

Generation



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Software de anlisis PQM : Administrador QR:

95 %

99 %

Paramtre 1 - Paramtre 2 - Paramtre 3 - ......- Paramtre N

Anlisis de datos: Clculo de probabilidad 95% (EN50160)

100% u otro porcentaje requerido.

Grfico temporal de los parmetros de calidad. Comparacin grfica de los parmetros medidos

con modelos normalizados (CBEMA, curvas ITIC,

personalizado)

Grfico de barras 3D. Indicadores SARFI

Tabla DISDIP

Generacin de reporte.

ReportGeneration



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Trend

curves

viewing

integrationto the PQ

report with

the PQ

profile

QR Manager - Report generation



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Curvas de

tendencias

Integracin

del reportePQ con el

perfil PQ

Administrador QR - Generacin de Reporte



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x% value

cumulated

probability

integrationto the PQ

report




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Porcentaje del

valor

Probabilidad

acumulada Integracin al

reporte PQ

Administrador QR - Generacin de reporte



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Discrete trend

curve

integration to the

PQ report




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Curvas de

tendencia

discreta

Integracin alreporte PQ




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Swell event

Points

representati

on integration to

the PQ

report




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Zoom

Representa-

cin de

Puntos Integracin

al reporte

PQ




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Downtime

Power Quality

Regulations

Integration

Costs

Staff Shortages

Privatisation

TechnologyManagement

EvolvingTechnology

ZA2490

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN A CHANGING

WORLD



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Tiempo fuerade servicio

Calidad de

Potencia

Regulaciones

Integracin

Costos

Escasez depersonal

Privatizacin

Manejo de laTecnologa

Tecnologaevolutiva

ZA2490

SUMINISTRO DE ENERGIA EN UN MUNDO

CAMBIANTE



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ENERGY ACTORS

Customer wants :New servicesAccess to the PQ data,Loyalty

Pay only for what heZA2491

PQ ISSUES



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MERCADOS DEENERGIA

El cliente requiere :Nuevos serviciosAcceso a los datosdecalidad

Pagar nicamente por loZA2491

PQ ISSUES



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