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23.11.2016

#DataIntensiveScience#openscience

#science2.0

#citizenscience

#database

#network

#datadrivenscience

#datamining

#dataanalytics

#crowdsourcing

#conhecimento

individual > hyperlinked ideas > crowd

#produçãodeconhecimento

#technicalchange

#socialchange#education

#ocw

#mooc

#publishing

#open

#wiki

#memory

#IP

#infraestruturanatural sc

medical sc

engineering sc

art sc

social sc

humanities

#Cooperação

#Internacional

#Cooperação

#Internacional

I&Deias sem fronteiras

Temáticas globais (ex.alterações climáticas)

Mobilidade de Investigadores (ex.Europa>>US,WWII)

Desenvolvimento das TIC

Cooperação científica>>Cimento para alianças

políticas

#Cooperação

#Internacional

Regulamentação

Financiamento

Compromisso

Integridade

Ensino Superior<Globalização

[Exemplo PT = Parcerias Internacionais Universidades US

#Science

#Diplomacy“broadly defined as cooperation

among countries or regions

to solve complex problems

through scientific research.”

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Governo quer pôr cientistas em missões diplomáticas no

estrangeiroO objectivo é que os investigadores actuem como conselheiros científicos.LUSA

20 de Outubro de 2016, 17:55

O Governo pretende colocar investigadores doutorados em missões diplomáticas de Portugal, no estrangeiro, onde actuarão como conselheiros científicos, avançou esta quinta-feira o ministro da Ciência, Tecnologia e do Ensino Superior, Manuel Heitor.

O ministro falava à imprensa, após a reunião de Conselho de Ministros, que aprovou orientações para a internacionalização do ensino superior, da ciência e da tecnologia, em articulação com “as demais políticas públicas de internacionalização” e envolvendo as instituições universitárias e científicas.

A concretizar-se a medida, caberá à Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), principal entidade, na dependência do Governo, que financia a investigação em Portugal, proceder à colocação de conselheiros científicos nas missões diplomáticas. A FCT abrirá assim os concursos relativos a esta medida.

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#softpower

+coopt

-coerce

https://monocle.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2016-17/

#BIGscience1961,AlvinWeinberg,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory

"many of the activities of modern science - nuclear physics, or elementary

particle physics, or space research - require extremely elaborate equipment

and staffs of large teams of professionals . . . "

Big

Sci

ence

: Th

e G

row

th o

f La

rge

-sca

le R

esea

rch

, P

eter

Gal

iso

n

#concentration

#specialization

#social/political significance

#BIGTime

Budget

Staffs

Machines

Labs

Significance

Gadget July 16, 1945 Alamogordo

Little Boy August 6, 1945 Hiroshima

Fat Man August 9, 1945 Nagasaki

Bomb No. 4 unused

Comparison with selected WWII expenditures:

All bombs, mines and grenades — $31.5 billion

Small arms materiel (not incl. ammunition) — $24 billion

All tanks — $64 billion

Heavy field artillery — $4 billion

All other artillery — $33.6 billion

$20 billion

There is something irreversible about acquiring knowledge.

Edwin Hubble40’s

Plans for the telescope began in

1928 after $6 million in funding was

secured through the Rockefeller

Foundation.

The glass blank for the mirror was

created by the Corning Glass

Works out of a then-new material

called “Pyrex”.

Grinding, figuring, and polishing of

the mirrors removed 5 tons of glass

and took 13 years, including a 4-

year gap caused by World War II.

Hale Telescope, Palomar Mountain, UShttp://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/webcam.html

La Silla, Chile

ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array

Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy

particle accelerator. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear

Research (CERN) over a ten year period from 1998 to 2008, with the aim of

allowing physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics

and high-energy physics

LHC sits in a circular tunnel 27 km in circumference. The tunnel is buried around

50 to 175 m. underground. It straddles the Swiss and French borders on the

outskirts of Geneva.

With a budget of 7.5 billion euros (approx. $9bn or £6.19bn as of Jun 2010), the

LHC is one of the most expensive scientific instruments.

http://www.wired.co.uk/article/large-hadron-collider-explained

International Space Station

The first piece of the International Space Station was launched in 1998.

A Russian rocket launched that piece. After that, more pieces were added.

The first crew arrived in October 2000.

NASA and its partners around the world finished the space station in 2011.

The ISS programme is a joint project between five participating space

agencies, the American NASA, the Russian RKA, the Japanese JAXA, the

European ESA, and the Canadian CSA.

NASA budgeted $72.4 billion for the station from 1985 to 2015

The cost is $150 billion.

Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year

project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National

Institutes of Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Wellcome Trust

(U.K.) became a major partner; additional contributions came from Japan,

France, Germany, China, and others.

Project goals were to

> identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA,

determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up

human DNA,

> store this information in databases,

> improve tools for data analysis,

> transfer related technologies to the private sector, and

> address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the

project.

U.S. Human Genome Project Funding($Millions)

FY DOE NIH U.S. Total1988 10.7 17.2 27.91989 18.5 28.2 46.71990 27.2 59.5 86.71991 47.4 87.4 134.81992 59.4 104.8 164.21993 63.0 106.1 169.11994 63.3 127.0 190.31995 68.7 153.8 222.51996 73.9 169.3 243.21997 77.9 188.9 266.81998 85.5 218.3 303.81999 89.9 225.7 315.62000 88.9 271.7 360.62001 86.4 308.4 394.82002 90.1 346.7 434.32003 64.2 372.8 437

Note: These numbers do not include construction funds, which are a very small part of the budget.

The DOE and NIH genome programs set aside 3% to 5% of their respective total annual budgets for the study of the project's

ELSI issues.

The Human Genome Project was sometimes reported to have cost $3 billion.

However, this figure refers to the total projected funding over a 13-year period (1990–2003)

for a wide range of scientific activities related to genomics.

BRAIN

Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies

#BIGscienceColaboração/Competição (ex.FrancisCollins/Craigventer)

Longa duração/Elevado custo/Grande risco

Política (financiamento,procurement/contracting)

Público (custo/benefício)

Física > Biologia

#BIGscienceEstabilidade política

Compromisso/Financiamento

Sacrifício da small science

Escolhas científicas em equipas gigantes

Gestão do projecto(s)

ControlodeQualidade/Integridade

Envolvimento de jovens cientistas(duração,publicações)

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0065263

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