ASSE IAQ Presentation - 041510

7/29/2019 ASSE IAQ Presentation - 041510

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Guidelines and Strategies for

Maintaining Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

Victor DAmato, CIH, CSPReston, VA

703-689-9482, ext, 111

www.atriumehs.com

[email protected]

ASHRAE, SMACNA, LEED, EPA, OSHA, NIOSH, NYCDOH, ACGIH, AIHA

what do these have to do with building air quality?


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ObjectivesProblem

Everyone faces indoor air orenvironmental quality issues in one wayor another.

Plethora of guidelines, standards,

recommendations, etc.but no clearrules.

Solution (well, at least part of it)

Understand whats out there Understand how its inter-related

Understand the scope and limitations


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Lets Start From The End!

ANY

QUESTIONS?


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IAQ Basics - HVAC System Layout


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Sick Building Syndrome

(SBS)

vs

Building Related Illness

(BRI)


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Sick Building Syndrome A persistent set of symptoms in ~20%

Cause(s) not recognizable

Complaints/symptoms relieved after exitingbuilding

NauseaIrritabilityNose bleedsReduced concentration

Difficulty breathingFatigue

Nasal congestionHeadachesDry skinEye, nose, throat irritation


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Building Related Illness Clinically recognized disease Exposure to indoor pollutants

Recognizable causes Legionnaires disease Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Humidifier/Pontiac feverAsthmaAllergies Respiratory diseases


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Acceptable Indoor Air

Air in which there are no known

contaminates at harmful concentrationsand which a substantial majority (usually~80%) of the people exposed do notexpress dissatisfaction.

ASHRAE 62-1999


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Factors Affecting Indoor Air

Quality

Source: there is a source of contamination or

discomfort indoors, outdoors, or within the mechanicalsystems of the building.

HVAC: the HVAC system is not able to controlexisting air contaminants and ensure thermal comfort

(temperature and humidity conditions that arecomfortable for most occupants).

Pathways: one or more pollutant pathwaysconnect the pollutant source to the occupants and adriving force exists to move pollutants along thepathway(s).

Occupants: building occupants are present.


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DESIGN

CONSTRUCT

COMMISSION

MAINTAIN

ACCEPTABLE

BUILDING AIR

QUALITYLIFE CYCLE

ASHRAE

LEED

SMACNA

SMACNA

LEED

RENOVATE

EPA

ASHRAE

ASHRAE


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ASHRAE Standard 62.1What Is It?

Title: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality

Purpose: to specify minimum ventilationrates and indoor air quality that will be

acceptable to human occupants and areintended to minimize adverse healtheffects.

Scope: All commercial, institutional, andhigh-rise residential buildings

Its thethe ventilation standard


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ASHRAE Standard 62.1

Its the basis for many ventilation codes,both now (UMC) and in the future (IMC)

More stringent than codes in some cases(may help establish the standard-of-care)

Less stringent than codes in some cases

Compliance with Std 62.1-2004 is a

prerequisite for any LEED credits underthe New Construction (NC) criteria


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What Does Std 62.1 Require?

General requirements (Sect 4 and 5)

To reduce generation of indoor contaminantsand introduction of outdoor contaminants

Ventilation requirements (Sect 6)

To dilute and remove indoor contaminants

Construction, startup, operation andmaintenance requirements (Sect 7 and 8)

To assure installation/operation as designed


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Std 62.1-2007 Section 6.0

Procedures

6.1.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP).

Prescribes procedures and outdoor airrates, assuming typical space contaminantsources and source strengths

6.1.2 IAQ Procedure (IAQP). Requiresanalysis of contaminant sources,concentration targets and perceived air

quality targets and calculation of outdoorair rates needed to assure IAQ-performance specified

Compliance with Standard 62.1 using the IAQP does NOT meetLEED NC EQp1


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VRP - Outdoor Air Quality

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Primary Standards Secondary Standards

Pollutant Level Averaging Time Level Averaging Time

9 ppm

(10 mg/m3

)

8-hourCarbon

Monoxide35 ppm

(40 mg/m3)1-hour

None

0.15 g/m3 Rolling 3-MonthAverage

Same as PrimaryLead

1.5 g/m3 Quarterly Average Same as Primary

0.053 ppm(100 g/m3)

Annual(Arithmetic Mean)

Same as PrimaryNitrogenDioxide

0.100 ppm 1-hour NoneParticulateMatter (PM10)

150 g/m3 24-hour Same as Primary

15.0 g/m3 Annual(Arithmetic Mean)

Same as PrimaryParticulateMatter (PM2.5)

35 g/m3 24-hour Same as Primary

0.075 ppm(2008 std)

8-hour Same as Primary

0.08 ppm(1997 std)

8-hour Same as Primary

Ozone

0.12 ppm 1-hour Same as Primary

0.03 ppm Annual(Arithmetic Mean)

SulfurDioxide

0.14 ppm 24-hour

0.5 ppm(1300 g/m3)

3-hour


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Ventilation Rate Procedure

Minimum Ventilation Rates


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IAQ Procedure - Section 6.3

Contaminant Sources. Must identifycontaminants of concern, along with sources andsource strengths

Contaminant Concentration. Must specify targetconcentration and exposure time, referencingcognizant authority, for each C of C

Perceived IAQ. Must specify target perceived airquality in terms of percent satisfied

Design Approaches. Must follow an acceptabledesign procedure to find required zone and

system airflow rates, and other parameters(e.g.,air cleaner efficiency)


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LEED IEQ

Goal is to design and construct buildings

that minimize the potential for IAQconcerns

Control Sources

Appropriate HVAC design Minimize potential pathways


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LEED Control Sources

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Selection of materials Low emitting adhesives, sealants, paints,

coatings, flooring systems, composite wood

and agrifiber products, systems furniture andseating


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Buyer Beware

Construction Adhesive VOC compliant


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LEED Control Sources Construction Indoor Air Quality

Management Plan

During construction and prior to occupancy

Chemical Contaminant Maximum Concentration

Formaldehyde 27 parts per billion (ppb)

Particulates (PM10) 50 g/m3

Total Volatile Organic

Compounds (TVOC)

500 g/m3

4-Pheylcyclohexene (4-PCH) 6.5 g/m3

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 9 ppm,


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LEED - HVAC

Design according to ASHRAE 62.1

Ventilation requirements are based onspace utilization


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LEED - PATHWAYS

Isolate areas of hazardous materials or

processes Separation of storage rooms, workrooms, etc

i.e. slab to slab walls and isolated ventilation


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SUMMARY LEED shouldnt be the driver behind

building design and construction, it is a

method for verifying sustainabledesign/construction decisions andmethods.

LEED certification doesnt mean buildingoccupants wont have IAQ concerns theLEED process does, however, address 3of the 4 factors recognized as affectingIAQ, and should minimize theiroccurrence.


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SMACNA - IAQ GUIDELINES

FOR OCCUPIED BUILDINGSUNDER CONSTRUCTIONChapter 3

ControlMeasures HVAC

Protection

Source Control

PathwayInterruption

Housekeeping Scheduling


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Chapter 4 Managing theProcess

Assigning Responsibilities Initial Planning

On-going Management

Selecting IAQ Controls Identify sources of odors and dusts

Locate areas potentially affected by project

Identify polluting construction activitiesClassify potential problems by severity

Identify control options

Select specific control measures


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Appendix C Planning Checklist

Potential Emissions Source & Class

Pathway AffectedAreas & Worst Case

Controls Options& Comments

Appendix D Inspection

Checklist


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EPA

1991 Building Air Quality,

developed by the EPA and theNational Institute forOccupational Safety and Health,provides practical suggestionson preventing, identifying, andresolving indoor air quality (IAQ)problems in public andcommercial buildings.

Still relevant today!


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Established Criteria

Ventilation for IAQ ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Minimum outdoor (fresh) air (OA) rates Based on number of occupants, space size and activity

level Ventilation for Dilution ASHRAE 62.1-2007 App. C

Minimum outdoor (fresh) air (OA) rates Based on number of occupants and activity level

Designed to maintain CO2


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OSHA

Occupational Exposure Levels for

Volatile organic compoundsAsbestos

Lead

EPA Radon

Lead in paint (LBP) and lead dust


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The American Conference of Governmental IndustrialHygienists (ACGIH), Bioaerosols, Assessment andControl

The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA),Assessment, Remediation and Post-Remediation

Verification of Mold in Buildings

Visual inspection and verification of the presenceof mold growth is critical

Recommend that a comparison of indoor air

sample results to outdoor air sample results Results may be used to assess if an indoor source

is contributing to indoor fungal sporeconcentrations


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ACGIH and AIHA - Any of the following conditions foundin air sampling results may indicate an indoor fungalsource is present and further evaluation and investigation

is warranted: concentrations of fungi measured indoors are

significantly greater than those measured outdoors;or,

the predominant type of fungi measured indoors isdifferent than the predominant type measuredoutdoors; or,

potentially pathogenic fungi are measured indoors. OSHA refers to an indoor airborne concentration of 1,000

colony forming units of culturable (viable) fungi per cubicmeter of air (cfu/m3) as a possible indicator of indoor

contamination


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Recognized IAQ GuidelinesOSHA ASHRAE ACGIH/AIHA

CO PEL: 50 ppm 8-hr TWA 9 ppm 8-hr TWA

35 ppm 1-hr TWA

35 ppm 8-hr TWA

CO2 5000 ppm 8-hr TWA 700 ppm above outdoor 5,000 ppm 8-hr TWA

VOCs Depends on compound

(1,800 mg/m3

for n-hexane)

Depends on compound Depends on compound

(176 mg/m3

for n-hexane)

Formaldehyde PEL: 0.75 ppm 8-hr TWA

AL: 0.5 ppm 8-hr TWA

Not Specified Ceiling: 0.3 ppm

Airborne Mold 1,000 CFU/m3 Not Specified - less than outdoor

- similar prevalence to

outdoors

- no know pathogens

Relative Humidity Winter Temperature Summer Temperature

30-50% 68.5 - 76.0 74.0 - 80.0

50-60% 68.5 - 74.5 73.0 - 79.0

60-70% 68.0 - 74.0 72.5 - 78.0

Radon: 4 pCu/L (EPA Action Level)

Lead Paint: 1 mg/cm2 (by XRF), 0.5% (5,000 ppm) by weight (EPA)

Lead Dust: 40 ug/ft2 floors/ 250 ug/ft2 window sills (EPA/HUD)


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Recommended Criteria For

Allergens There are no established regulatory standards

> LOD< LODMouse

> 0.5 ug/g< 0.5 ug/gRat

> 2 U/g< 2 U/gCockroach

> 10 ug/g< 10 ug/gDog

> 8 ug/g1 - 8 ug/g< 1 ug/gCat

> 10 ug/g2 - 10 ug/g< 2 ug/gDust Mites

Depends on genus and speciesFungal (mold) Spores

HIGHSIGNIFICANTLOWAllergen

RECOMMENDATIONS


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ANY

QUESTIONS?

ASSE IAQ Presentation - 041510

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